^
o
i ! 'C
%
Digitized by tlie Internet Arcliive
in 2010 witli funding from
Tlie Institute of Museum and Library Services through an Indiana State Library LSTA Grant
http://www.archive.org/details/messagesofpresidOOpolk
MESSAGES
ft
OF THE
'■■S'tii.
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES,
WITH THE
CORRESPONDENCE, THEREWITH COMMUNICATED, BETWEEN THE SEC-
RETARY OF WAR AND OTHER OFFICERS OF THE GOVERNMENT,
ON THE SUBJECT OF
THE MEXICAN ¥AE.
WASHINGTON:
■WENrELL AND VAN BENTHUYSEN; PRINTIBS.
1848.
THIRTIETH CONGRESS— FIRST SESSION.'
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
HOUSE OF REPRESEITATIVES.
MEXICAN WAR CORRESPONDENCE.
MESSAGES
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.
AKD THE
Correspondence^ therewith communicated, between the Secretary of
War and other officers of the government upon the subject of the
Mexican war.
April 28, 1848.
Resolved, That 10,000 extra copies of the President's message and the correspondence
therewith transmitted on the 20th JMarch last; and also 10,000 extra copies of the message
of the President of the United States of the 25th of April instant, (and the following day-
laid before the House,) with the accompanying documents; and also 10,000 extra copies of
House document No. 196, 1st session, 29th Congress; House document No. 119, 2d session,
29th Congress, and House document No. 37, 1st session, 30th Congress; also. House docu-
ment No. 19, 2d session, 29th Congress; House document No. 25, 1st session, 30th Con-
gress, and Senate document No. 18, 1st session, 30th Congress — the same comprising all
the correspondence between the Secretary of War and other officers of the government upon
the subject of the war, so far as the .lame may have been made public, be printed for the use
of the House.
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
HOSTILITIES BY MEXICO.
■ — " \
MESSAGE
FROM THE
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES,
RELATIVE
To^an invasion and commencement of hostilities hy Mexico.
May 11, 1846.
Read, and referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the state oi the Union.
To the Senate and House of Representatives ;
The existing state of the relations between the United States and
Mexico renders it proper that I should bring the subject to the con-
sideration of Congress. In my message at the commencement of
your present session, the state of these relations, the causes which
led to the suspension of diplomatic intercourse between the two
countries in March, 1845, and the long-continued and unredressed
wrongs and injuries committed by the Mexican government on citi-
zens of the United States, in their persons and property, were
briefly set forth.
As the facts and opinions which were then laid before you were
carefully considered, I cannot better express my present convictions
of the condition of affairs up to that time, than by referring you to
that communication.
The strong desire to establish peace with Mexico on liberal and
honorable terms, and the r adiness of this government to regulate
and adjust our boundary, and other causes of difference with that
power, on such fair and equitable principles as would lead to per-
manent relations of the most friendly nature, induced me, in Septem-
ber last, to seek the reopening of diplomatic relations between the
two countries. Every measure adopted on our part had for its
object the furtherance of these desired results. In communicating
to Congress a succinct statement of the injuries which we had suf-
fered from Mexico, and which have been accumulating during a
period of more than twenty years, every expression that could tend
to inflame the people of Mexico, or defeat or delay a pacific result,
•was carefully avoided. An envoy of the United States repaired to
Mexico, with full powers to adjust every existing difference. But
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 5
though present on the Mexican soil, by agreement between the two
governments, invested with full powers, and bearing evidence of
the most friendly dispositions, his mission has been unavailing. The
Mexican government not only refused to receive him, or listen to
his propositions, but, after a long continued series of menaces, have
at last invaded our territory, and shed the blood of our fellow-citi-
zens on our own soil.
It now becomes my duty to state more in detail the origin, pro-
gress, and failure of that mission. In pursuance of the instructions
given in September last, an inquiry w^as made, on the thirteenth of
October, 1845, in the most friendly terms, through our consul in
Mexico, of the minister for foreign affairs, whether the Mexican
government '' would receive an envoy from the United States in-
trusted with full powers to adjust all the questions in dispute be-
tween the two governments;" with the assurance that " should the
answer be in the affirmative, such an envoy would be immediately
despatched to Mexico." The Mexican minister, on the fifteenth of
October, gave an affirmative answer to this inquiry, requesting at
the same time, that our naval force at Vera Cruz might be with-
drawn, lest its continued presence might assume the appearance of
menace and coercion pending the negotiations. This force was
immediately withdrawn. On the 10th of November, 1845, Mr. John
Slidell, of Louisiana, was commissioned by me as envoy extraordin-
ary and minister plenipotentiary of the United States to Mexico,
and was entrusted with full powers to adjust both the questions of
the Texas boundary and of indemnification to our citizens. The
redress of the wrongs of our citizens naturally and inseparably
blended itself with the question of boundary. The settlement of
the one question, in any correct view of the subject, involves that
of the other. I could not, for a moment, entertain the idea that the
claims of our much injured and long suffering citizens, many of
which had existed for more than twenty years, should be postponed
or separated from the settlement of the boundary question.
Mr. Slidell arrived at Vera Cruz on the 30th of November, and
was courteously received by the authorities of that city. But the
government of General Herrera was then tottering to its fall. The
revolutionary party had seized upon the Texas question to effect or
hasten its overthrow. Its determination to restore friendly relations
with the United States, and to receive our minister, to negotiate for
the settlement of this question, was violently assailed, and was
made the great theme of denunciation against it. The government
of General Herrera, there is good reason to believe, was sincerely
desirous to receive our minister; but it yielded to the storm raised
by its enemies, and on the 21st of December refused to accredit Mr.
Slidell upon the most frivolous pretexts. These are so fully and
ably exposed in the note of Mr. Slidell, of the 24th of December
last, to the Mexican minister of foreign relations, herewith trans-
mitted, that I deem it unnecessary to enter into further detail on
this portion of the subject.
Five days after the date of Mr. Slidell's note. General Herrera
yielded the government to General Paredes, without a struggle, and
6 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
on the 30th of December resigned the presidency. This revolution
was accomplished solely by the army, the people having taken little
part in the contest; and thus the supreme power in Mexico passed
into the hands of a military leader.
Determined to leave no effort untried to effect an amicable adjust-
ment with Mexico, I directed Mr. Slidell to present his credentials
to the government of General Paredes, and ask to be officially
received by him. There would have been less ground for taking
this step had General Paredes come into power by regular constitu-
tional succession. In that event his administration would have been
considered but a mere constitutional continuance of the government
of General Herrera, and the refusal of the latter to receive our
minister would have been deemed conclusive, unless an intimation
had been given by General Paredes of his desire to reverse the de-
cision of his predecessor. But the government of General Paredes
owes its existence to a military revolution, by which the subsisting
constitutional authorities had been subverted. The form of govern-
ment was entirely changed, as well as all the high functionaries by
whom it was administered.
Under these circumstances, Mr. Slidell, in obedience to my di-
rection, addressed a note to the Mexican minister of foreign rela-
tions, under date of the 1st of March last, asking to be received by
that government in the diplomatic character to which he had been
appointed. This minister, in his reply under date of the 12th of
March, reiterated the arguments of his predecessor, and, in terms
that may be considered as giving just grounds of offence to the
government and people of the United States, denied the application
of Mr. Slidell. Nothing, therefore, remained for our envoy but to
demand his passports, and return to his own country.
Thus the government of Mexico, though solemnly pledged by
official acts in October last to receive and accredit an American
envoy, violated their plighted faith, and refused the offer of a
peaceful adjustment of our difficulties. Not only was the offer re-
jected, but the indignity of its rejection was enhanced by the mani-
fest breach of faith in refusing to admit the envoy, who came be-
cause they had bound themselves to receive him. Nor can it be
said that the offer was fruitless from the want of opportunity of
discussing it — our envoy was present on their own soil. Nor can
it be ascribed to a want of sufficient powers — our envoy had full
powers to adjust every question of difference. Nor was there room
for complaint that our propositions for settlement were unreason-
able— permission was not even given our envoy to make any pro-
position whatever. Nor can it be objected that we, on our part,
would not listen to any reasonable terms of their suggestion — the
Mexican government refused all negotiation, and have made no
proposition of any kind.
In my message at the commencement of the present session, I
informed you that, upon the earnest appeal both of the congress
and convention of Texas, I had ordered an efficient military Ibrce
to take a position " between the Nueces and the Del Norte." This
had become necessary, to meet a threatened invasion of Texas by
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 7
the Mexican forces, for which extensive military preparations had
been made. The invasion was threatened solely because Texas had
determined, in accordance with a solemn resolution of the Con-
gress of the United States, to annex herself to our Union; and, un-
der these circumstances, it was plainly our duty to extend our pro-
tection over her citizens and soil.
This force was concentrated at Corpus Christi, and remained
there until after I had received such information from Mexico as
rendered it probable, if not certain, that the Mexican government
would refuse to receive our envoy.
Meantime Texas, by the final action of our Congress, had be-
come an integral part of our Urion. The Congress of Texas, by
its act of December 19, 1836, had declared the Rio del Norte to be
the boundary of that republic. Its jurisdiction had been extended
and exercised beyond the Nueces. The country between that river
and the Dei Norte had been represented in the congress and in the
convention of Texas; had thus taken part in the act of an-
nexation itself ; and is now included within one of our con-
gressional districts. Our own Congress had, moreover, with great
unanimity, by the act approved December 31, 1845, recognized the
country beyond the Nueces as a part of our territory, by including
it within our own revenue system; and a revenue officer, to reside
within that district, has been appointed, by and with the advice and
consent of the Senate. It became, therefore, of urgent, necessity
to provide for the defence of that portion of our country. Accord-
ingly, nn the 13th of January last, instructions were issued to the
gefleral in command of these troops to occupy the left bank of the
Dei Norte. Ti\is river,- which is the southwestern boundary of the
State of Texas, is an exposed frontier; from this quarter invasion
was threatened; upon it, and in its immediate vicinity, in the judg-
ment of high military experience, are the proper stations for the
protecting forces of the government. In addition to this important
consideration, several others occurred to induce this movement.
Among these are the facilities afforded by the ports at Brazos San-
tiago and the mouth of the Del Norte, for the reception of supplies
by sea; the stronger and more healthful military positions; the
convenience for obtaining a ready and a more abundant supply of
provisions, water, fuel, and forage; and the advantages which are
afforded by the Del Norte in forwarding supplies to such posts as
may be established in the interior and upon the Indian frontier.
The movement of the troops to the Del Norte was made by the
commanding general, under positive instructions to abstain from
all aggressive acts towards Mexico or Mexican citizens, and to re-
gard the relations between that republic and the United States as
peaceful, unless she should declare war, or commit acts of hostility
indicative of a state of war. He was specially directed to protect
private property, and respect personal rights.
The army moved from Corpus Christi on the eleventh of March,
and* on the twenty-eighth of that month arrived on the left bank
of the Del Norte, opposite to Matamoras, where it encamped on a
commanding position, which has since been strengthened by the
8 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
erection of field works. A depot has also been established at Point
Isabel, near the ^Brazos Santiago, thirty miles in rear of the en-
campment. The selection of his position was necessarily confided
to the judgment of the general in command.
The Mexican forces at Mataraoras assumed a belligerent attitude,
and, on the twelfth of April, General Ampudia, then in command,
notified General Taylor to break up his camp within twenty-four
hours, and to retire beyond the Nueces river, and, in the event of
his failure to comply with these demands, announced that arms,
and arms alone, must decide the question. But no open act of
hostility was committed until the tv;enty-fourth of April. On that
day, General Arista, vs'ho had succeeded to the command of the
Mexican forces, communicated to General Taylor that " he consid-
ered hostilities commenced, and should prosecute them." A party
of dragoons, of sixty-three men and officers, were on the same day
despatched from the American camp up the Rio del Norte, on its
left bank, to ascertain whether the Mexican troops had crossed, or
were preparing to cross, the river, " became engaged with a large
body of these troops, and, after a short affair, in which some six-
teen were killed and wounded, appear to have been surrounded and
compelled to surrender."
The grievous wrongs perpetrated by Mexico upon our citizens
throughout a long period of years remain unredressed; and solemn
treaties, pledging her public faith for this redress, have been disre-
garded. A government either unable or unwilling to enforce the
execution of such treaties, fails to perform one of its plaiiiest
duties.
Our commerce with Mexico has been almost annihilated. It was
formerly highly beneficial to both nations; but our merchants have
been deterred from prosecuting it by the system of outrage and ex-
tortion which the Mexican authorities have pursued against them,
■whilst their appeals through their own government for indemnity
have been made in vain. "Our forbearance has gone to such an ex-
treme as to be mistaken in its character. Had we acted with vigor
in repelling the insults and redressing the injuries inflicted by
Mexico at the commencement, v,-e should doubtless have escaped
all the difficulties in which we are now involved.
Instead of this, however, we have been exerting our best efforts
to propitiate her good will. Upon the pretext that Texas, a nation
as independent as herself, thought proper to unite its destinies with
our own, she has. affected to believe that we have severed her
rightful territory, and in official proclamations and manifestoes has
repeatedly threatene<l to make war upon us, for the purpose of re-
conquering Texas. In the meantime, we have tried ^very effort at
reconciliation. The cup of forbearance had been exhausted, even
before the recent information from the frontier of the Del Norte; but
now, after reiterated menaces, Mexico has passed the boundary of
the United States, has invaded our territory, and shed American
blood upon the American soil. She has proclaimed that hostilities
have commenced, and that the two nations are now at war.
As war exists, and, notwithstanding all our efforts to avoid itj
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 9
exists by the act of Mexico herself, we are called upon by every
consideration of duty and patriotism to vindicate with decision the
honor, the rights, and the interests of our country.
Anticipating the possibility of a crisis like that which has
arrived, instructions were given in August last, " as a precaution-
ary measure" against invasion, or threatened invasion, authorizing
General Taylor, if the emergency required, to accept volunteers,
not from Texas only, but from the States of Louisiana, Alabama,
Mississippi, Tennessee, and Kentucky; and corresponding letters
were addressed to the respective governors of those States. These
instructions were repeated; and, in January last, soon after the in-
corporation of " Texas into our union of States," General Taylor
was further " authorized by the President to make a requisition
upon the executive of that State for such of its militia force as may
be needed to repel invasion, or to secure the country against appre-
hended invasion." On the second day of March he was again re-
minded, "in the event of the approach of any considerable Mexi-
can force, promptly and efficiently to use the authority with which
he was clothed to call to him such auxiliary force as he might
need." War actually existing, and our territory having been in-
vaded. General Taylor, pursuant to authority vested in him by my
direction, has called on the governor of Texas for four regiments
of State troops — two to be mounted, and two to serve on foot; and
on the governor of Louisiana for four regiments of infantry, to be
sent to him as soon as practicable.
In further vindication of our rights, and defence of our territory,
I invoke the prompt action of Congress to recognize the existence
of the war, and to place at the disposition of the Executive the
means of prosecuting the war with vigor, and thus hastening the
restoration of peace. To this end I recommend that authority
should be given to call into the public service a large body of vol-
unteers, to serve for not less than six or twelve months, unless
sooner discharged. A volunteer force is, beyond question, more
efficient than any other description of citizen soldiers; and it is not
to be doubted that a number far beyond that required would readily
rush to the field upon the call of their country. I further recom-
mend that a liberal provision be made for sustaining our entire
military force and furnishing it with supplies and munitions of war.
The most energetic and prompt measures, and the immediate ap-
pearance in arms of a large and overpowering force, are recom-
mended to Congress as the most certain and efficient means of
bringing the existing collision with Mexico to a speedy and suc-
cessful termination.
In making these recommendations, I deem it proper to declare
that it is my anxious desire not only to terminate hostilities
speedily, but to bring all matters in dispute between this govern-
ment and Mexico to an early and amicable adjustment; and, in this
view, I shall be prepared to renew negotiations whenever Mexico
shall be ready to receive propositions, or to make propositions of
her own.
I transmit herewith a copy of the correspondence between our
10 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
envoy to Mexico and the Mexican minister for foreign affairs; and
so much of the correspondence between that envoy and the Secre-
tary of State, and between the Secretary of War and the generalin
command on the Del Norte, as is necessary to a full understanding
of the subject.
JAMES K. POLK.
Washington, J\Iay 11, 1846.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 11
List of papers.
No. ]. Mr. Buchanan to Mr. Black, of 17th September, 1845.
2. Mr. Black to Mr. Buchanan, of 17th October, 1845.
Two entlosures —
1. Mr. Black to Mr. Pefia y Pena.
2. Mr. Pena y Pena to Mr. Black.
3. Mr. Black to Mr. Buchanan, of 28th October, 1815.
4. Mr. Black to Mr. Buchanan, of 4th November, 1845.
Four enclosures —
1. Mr. Black to Mr. Pena.
2. Commodore Conner to Mr. Dimond.
3. Mr. Pena to Mr. Black.
4. Mr. Black to Mr. Pena.
5. Mr. Black tp Mr. Buchanan, of I8th December, 1845.
6. Mr. Slidell to Mr. Buchanan, of 17th December, 1845.
Four enclosures —
1. Mr. Slidell to Mr. Pena.
[Letter of credence.]
2. Mr. Black to Mr. Slidell.
3. Mr. Slidell to Mr. Pena.
4. Mr. Pena to Mr. Slidell.
7. Mr. Slidell to Mr. Buchanan, of 27th December, 1845.
Three enclosures —
1. Mr. Slidell to Mr. Pena.
2. Mr. Pena to Mr. Slidell.
3. Mr. Slidell to Mr. Pena.
8. Mr. Slidell to Mr. Buchanan, of 14th January, 1846.
One enclosure —
1. Mr. Pena to Mr. Buchanan.
9. Mr. Buchanan to Mr. Slidell, of 20th January, 1846.
10. Mr. Buchanan to Mr. Slidell, of 28th January, 1846.
11. Mr. Slidell to Mr. Buchanan, of 6th February, 1846.
One enclosure —
1. Mr. Pefia's report to the council of government.
12. Mr. Slidell to Mr. Buchanan, of 17th February, 1846.
13. Mr. Slidell to Mr. Buchanan, of 1st March, 1846.
One enclosure —
1. Mr. Slidell to Mr. Castillo.
14. Mr. Buchanan to Mr. Slidell, of 12th March, 1846.
15. Mr. Slidell to Mr. Buchanan, of I8th March, 1846.
Two enclosures —
1. Mr. Castillo to Mr. Slidell.
2. Mr. Slidell to Mr. Castillo.
16. Mr. Slidell to Mr. Buchanan, of 27th March, 1846.
17. Mr. Slidell to Mr. Buchanan, of 2d April, 1846.
One enclosure —
1. Mr. Castillo to Mr. Slidell.
12 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
No. 1.
Mr. Buchanan to Mr. Black.
Department of State,
Washington, September 17, 1845.
Information recently received at this department, both from your-
self and others, renders it probable that the Mexican government
may now be willing to restore the diplomatic relations between the
two countries. At the time of their suspension, General Almonte
■was assured of the desire felt by the President to adjust amicably
every cause of complaint between the governments, and to culti-
vate the kindest and most friendly relations between the sister re-
publics. He still continues to be animated by the same sentiments.
It was his duty to place the country in a condition successfully to
resist the threatened invasion of Texas by Mexico, and this has been
accomplished. He desires, however, that all existing differences
should be terminated amicably by negotiation and not by the sword.
He is anxious to preserve peace, although prepared for war.
Actuated by these sentiments, the President has directed me to
instruct you, in the absence of any diplomatic agent in Mexico, to
ascertain from the P.Iexican government whether they would receive
an envoy from the United States, intrusted with full power to ad-
just all the questions in dispute between the two governments.
Should the answer be in the affirmative, such an envoy will be im-
mediately despatched to Mexico.
If the President were disposed to stand upon a mere question of
etiquette, he would wait until the Mexican government, which had
suspended the diplomatic relations between the two countries, shoulil
ask that they may be restored. But his desire is so strong to ter-
minate the present unfortunate state of our relations with that re-
public, that he has consented to waive all ceremony and take the
initiative.
So soon as you shall have received the answer of that govern-
ment, you will communicate a copy of it, without delay, by some
safe opportunity, to F. M. Dimond, esq., our consul at Vera Cruz-
You will also transmit a copy to this department. It is of great
consequence that you should use as much despatch as possible in
executing this important commission. The future course of this
government may, and probably will, depend upon the answer which
you may receive.
I need scarcely warn you to preserve the most inviolable secrecy
in regard to your proceedings, making no communication to any
person, with the exception of Dr. Parrott, not indispensable to the
accomplishment of the object. There will be a vessel-of-v/ar at
Vera Cruz, ready to receive your despatch for this department, and
to convey it to the United States with the least possible delay.
I shall transmit this despatch, under an unsealed cover, but with
the strictest injunctions of secrecy, to Mr. Dimond, as it is deemed
advisable that he should be acquainted with its contents.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 13
The President relies with confidence on your zeal and ability in
executing the important duty committed to your charge.
I am, &c.
No. 2.
M?'. Black to Mr. Buchanan^
[Extracts.]
Consulate of the U. S. of America,
Jllexico^ October 17, 1845.
I had the honor, on the 10th instant, of receiving your commu-
nication of the 17th ultimo. * ». * =^ q^
Saturday evening, the 11th instant, I obtained a confidential inter-
view with the minister of foreign relations of the Mexican repub-
lic, in relation to the important charge which his excellency the
President of the United States was pleased to confide to me, and
am happy now to have it in my power to advise my government of
a favorable result; the proceedings had with the Mexican govern-
ment in this affair will be seen by reference to the enclosed docu-
ments, Nos. 1 and 2.
No. 1 is a copy of a confidential communication addressed by
this consulate to his excellency the minister of foreign relations
of the Mexican government; and No. 2 is a copy of the said min-
ister's answer to said communication.
When I handed the aforesaid communications to his excellency
on Monday the 13th instant, I requested that an answer might be
given as early as possible, and desired to be informed at what time
it would likely be given. He promised that on Wednesday eve-
ning the 15th, and requested at that time a private interview with
me, to be at eight o'clock in the evening, (not at the department,
he said, but at his private dwelling,) in order, as he said, that the
alfair might be kept as close and as little exposed to public view
as possible, to avoid suspicion. At the time appointed, I went to
his house; he (being alone in his study) received me cordially and
politely, and told me the answer was ready, and only wanted his
signature, which he placed to it in my presence, stating, at the
same time, that he would accompany the answer with some verbal,
frank, and confidential explanations; which, after reading to me
the answer, he did, in the following manner:
He said that the Mexican government, notwithstanding it felt
itself very much aggrieved and offended by the acts of that of the
United States, in relation to the affairs of Texas, yet it would ap-
pear to be out of place to express these feelings in a communica-
tion of this nature; and that, if the government had but itself to
consult, the expression of these feelings would have been left out
of the communication, as they only tend to irritate; but that I
knew, as well as he did, that governments like ours must endeavor
14 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
to reconcile the feelings and opinions of the people to their public
acts; and that I also knew, very well, that a strong opposition were
daily calling the attention of the public to, and scrutinizing and
condemning every act of, the government, and that the govern-
ment endeavored to give them as little pretext as possible; and,
therefore, wished me to make this explanation to my government.
And that, in relation to the qualities he had recommended to be
possessed by the person to be sent out by the government of the
United States for the settlement of existing differences, it was the
wish of the Mexican government, and would be for the good of
both countries that a person suitable in every respect should be
sent, endued with the necessary qualities, and not one against
whom the government or people of Mexico should, unfortunately,
entertain a fixed prejudice, which would be a great obstacle in the
way to an amicable adjustment of differences.
# >? *■ * * *
* And that, in order that the coming of the commissioner
might not have the appearance of being forced on them by threat,
his government wished the naval force of the United States, now
in sight of Vera Cruz, should retire from that place before his ar-
rival; and requested that I should inform his government, by a
communication, as soon as I should know the fact, of their having
left. These things he repeated more than once, and with the ap-
pearance of a great deal of earnestness, and enjoined it upon me
not to fail to advise my government; and that he communicated
these things to me, not as a minister, .but as an individual and
friend, who wished for the good exit of the contemplated mission.
Notwithstanding my communication to the Mexican government
of the 13th instant was of the most confidential character, as well
as all the proceedings in relation to the affair, and this at the re-
quest of the Mexican minister, who himself enjoined secrecy upon
me, and promised the strictest adherence to it, on his part,
******
So you will bie able to see what reliance can be placed on the most
solemn injunctions of secrecy, as far as this government is con-
cerned.
[Enclosure Ko. l.J
Mr. Black to Mr. Pena y Pena.
[Confidential.]
Consulate of the United States,
Mexico, October 13, 1845,
The undersigned, consul of the United States of America, in a
confidential interview with his excellency Manuel de la Pefia y
Pena, minister of foreign relations and government of the Mexican
republic, which took place on the evening of the 11th instant, had
Ex, Doc. No. 60. 15
the honor to advise his excellency that he, the undersigned, had re-
ceived a communication from the Secretary of State of the United
States; and having, in that interview, made known to his excel-
lency the substance of said communication, which contained a re-
iteration of the sentiments which, at the time of the suspension of
the diplomatic relations between the two countries, had been ex-
pressed to General Almonte, and which were now renewed, and
offered to the consideration of the Mexican government,
• His excellency having heard, and considered with due attention,
the statement read from the communication aforesaid, and having
stated that, as the diplomatic relations between the two govern-
ments had been and were still suspended, the present interview
could and should have no other character than that of a confiden-
tial meeting, which was assented to, and only considered in that
light by the undersigned.
His excellency w^as then pleased to request that the undersigned
might, in the same confidential manner, communicate in writing
what had thus been made known verbally. In conformity to
that request, the undersigned has now the honor to transcribe,
herewith, that part of the communication of the Secretary of
State of the United States referred to, and is in the following
words, viz: ^^At the time of the suspensioii of the diplomatic rela-
tions betioeen the two countries^ . General Almonte was assured of
the desire felt by the President to adjust amicably every cause of
com-plaint between the governments^ and to cultivate the kindest and
most friendly relations between the sister republics. He still con-
tinues to be animated by the same sentiments. He desires that all
existing differences should be terminated amicably by negotiation^
and not by the sword.
'''■Actttated by these sentiments^ the President has directed m.e to
instruct you, in the absence of any diplomatic agent in Mexico, to
ascertain from the Mexican governw.ent whether they would receive
an envoy from the United States, intrusted with full power to adjust
all the questions in dispute between the two governmicnts. Should
the ansioer be in the affirmative, such an envoy ivill be immediately
despatched to Mexico.''^
The undersigned can assure his excellency, that it is wMth the
most heartfelt satisfaction he sees, in the preceding proposition on
the part of the President of the United States, (notwithstanding
the preparations for war on both sides,) that a door is still left
open for conciliation, whereby all existing differences may be ami-
cably and equitably adjusted, and the honor of both nations pre-
served inviolate, and their friendly relations restored and fixed
upon a firm-er foundation than they unfortunately have hitherto been;
and the undersigned has reason to believe that they will not be blind-
ed to their mutual interest, nor sutl'er themselves to become the vic-
tims of the machinations of their mutual enemies.
If the President of the United States had been disposed to stand
upon a mere question of etiquette, he would have waited until the
Mexican government, which had suspended the diplomatic rela-
tions between the two countries, should have asked that they might
16 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
be restored; but his desire is so strong to terminate the present un-
fortunate state of our relations with this republic, that he has even
consented to waive all ceremony, and take the initiative.
In view of what is hereinbefore set forth, the undersigned is
fully persuaded that the Mexican government will not misconstrue
the benevolent sentiments of the President of the United States,
nor mistake his motives.
His excellency will be pleased to return an answer with as little
delay as possible, and, in the meantime, the undersigned avails
himself of the occasion to renew to his excellency, Manuel de la
Pena y Pena, minister of foreign relations and government of the
Mexican republic, the assurances of his distinguished consideration
and personal regard.
JOHN BLACK.
[Enclosure No. 2. — Translation.]
Mr. Peria y Pena to Mr. Black.
[Confidential.]
Mexico, October 15, 1845.
Sir: I have informed my government of the private conference
which took place between you and myself on the 11th instant, and
have submitted to it the confidential letter which you, in conse-
quence of, and agreeably to what was then said, addressed to me
yesterday. In answer, I have to say to you, that, although the
Mexican nation is deeply injured by the United States, through
the acts committed by them in the department of Texas, which
belongs to this nation, my government is disposed to receive the
commissioner of the United States, who may come to this capital
with full powders from his government to settle the present dispute
in a peaceable, reasonable, and honorable manner; thus giving a
new proof that, even in the midst of its injuries, and of its firm
decision to exact adequate reparation for them, it does not repel
with contumely the measure of reason and peace to which it is in-
vited by its adversary.
As my government believes this invitation to be made in good
faith, and with the real desire that it may lead to a favorable con-
clusion, it also hopes that the commissioner will be a person en-
dowed wnth the qualities proper for the attainment of this end;
that his dignity, prudence, and moderation, and the discreetness and
reasonableness of his proposals, w-ill contribute to calm as much
£S possible the just irritation of the Mexicans; and, in fine, that
the conduct of the commissioner on all points may be such as to
persuade them that they may obtain satisfaction for their injuries,
through the means of reason and peace, and without being obliged
to resort to those of arms and force.
What my government requires above all things, is, that the mis-
Ex. Doc. No. GO. 17
sion of the com'nissioncr of the United States, and his reception
by us, should appear to be always absolutely frank, and free from
every sign of menace or coercion. And thus, Mr. Consul, while
making known to your government the disposition on the part of
that of Mexico to receive the commissioner, you should impress
upon it, as indispensable, the previous recall of the whole naval
force now lying in sight of our port of Vera Cruz. Its presence
would degrade Mexico, while she is receiving the commissioner,
and would justly subject the United States to the imputation of
contradicting by acts the vehement desire of conciliation, peace,
and friendship, which is professed and asserted by v/ords.
I have made known to you, Mr. Consul, with the brevity which
you desired, the disposition of my government; and in so doing, I
have the satisfaction to assure you of my consideration and esteem
for you personally,
MANUEL DE LA PENA Y PENA.
To John Black, Esq.,
Consul of the United States at Mexico.
No. 3.
Mr. Black to Mr. Buchanan.
[Extracts.]
Consulate of the LT. S. of America,
Mexico.) October 28, 1845,
I had the honor of addressing you on the 17th and 18th instant,
in answer to your communication of the 17th ultimo, enclosing to
you the answer of the Mexican government to my communication
of the 13th instant. '■' * #^ ^ ' * «
The Mexican government is very anxious to know^ when they
may expect the envoy from the United States; and, also, that I
laay soon be able to give it the information of the American squad-
ron having retired from the port of Vera Cruz.
We have rumors every da^ that a revolution is shortly to take
place, but, as yet, things are quiet. Let this go as it will, I think
an arrangement is safe, as it has the sanction of the Mexican con-
grega in secret session.
18 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
No. 4. ,
Mr. Black to Mr. Buchanan.
[Extract.]
Consulate of the U. S. of America,
Mexico J Jfovemher 4, 1845.
A revolution is still talked of l.cre, but the government is using
all its vigilance to prevent it. It has its suspicions of General
Parades, and has sent orders for him to break up his cantonment at
San Luis, and to disperse the troops to different parts of the repub-
lic. He must either obey this order, which will leave him without
command, or pronounce against the government.
If he pronounces, it will be for a military government, and, in
that case, the federalists will join the government, and Parades
will be put down. I wish this government may stand, as I think
it well disposed to arrange all matters in dispute with the United
States. I hope a minister will soon arrive to commence and securp
the negotiation. There should be no delay.
You will please to find enclosed copies of various documents,
from No. !• to No. 4 inclusive, as follows, viz:
No. 1. — Copy of a confidential communication of the 29th Octo-
ber, from this consulate to the minister of foreign relations of the
Mexican republic, advising of the withdrawal of the naval force of
the United States from before Vera Cruz, and enclosing a copy of
Commodore Connor's letter to F. M. Diraond, esq.. United States
consul. Vera Cruz, relating to the same.
No. 2. — Copy of Commodore Connor's letter as aforesaid,
jfo. 3. — Copy of a confidential communication of the 31st ultimo,
received from the minister of foreign affairs, relating to the appear-
ance of a vessel in the bay of Manzanillo, on the Pacific, said to
be a United States armed vessel, &c.
No. 4. — Copy of the reply of this consulate to the above com-
munication, dated the 3d instant.
On the morning of the 30th ultimo, Mr. Monasterio, the chief
clerk of the foreign department of this government, called at this
consulate, stating that he had come on the part of his excellency
the minister, to say he had received my note of the 29th ultimo,
and should answer it in writing; but, in the meantime, he had to
communicate to me a disagreeable occurrence which had taken
place at the port of Manzanillo; that an American armed vessel
had entered the bay and had very much alarmed the authorities of
that place, which news the government had received direct by ex-
press; and he offered, if I would call at the department, to show
me the official account, that I might know the particulars. In the
course of the same morning I called as requested, when I found
that the name of the vessel did not correspond to any of our armed
vessels. I told him we had no vessel of that name in our navy.
He replied that there might be a mistake in the name, but that it
was an armed vessel of the United States. I then told him if his
Ex. Doc. No. GO. 19^
excellency the minister would give me a statement, in a confiden-
tial communication, I would see what could be done, and answer
hiiQj the result of which you have in Nos. 3 and 4.
[Enclosure No. 1.]
Air. Black to Mr. Pena y Peua,
[Confidential.]
Consulate of the U. S. of America,
Mexico J October 29, 1845.
The undersigned, consul of the United States of America, has
the honor to advise his excellency Manuel de la Pena y Pefia, min-
ister of foreign relations and government of the Mexican republic,,
in view of the confidential note of his excellency of the 15th in-
stant, iu answer to that of the undersigned of the 13th, and also of
the verbal request that the undersigned might inform his excel-
lency of the occurrence of the withdrawal of the American squadron
from before Vera Cruz whenever that event should take p!ace. In
compliance with that request, the undersigned has the honor to
transmit herewith to his excellency a copy of a communication ad-
dressed by Commodore Connor, commander of the American squad-
ron before Vera Cruz, to the American consul, F. M. Dlmond,
esq., of that place, by which his excellency will see that the wishes
of the Mexican government have been, in this respect, fully and
promptly complied with.
In communicating this to the Mexican government, the under-
signed avails himself of the occasion to renew to his excellency
Manuel de la Pena y Pena, minister of foreign relations and gov-
ernment of the Mexican republic, the assurance of his distinguish-
ed consideration and personal esteem.
[Enclosure No. 2.]
Commodore Connor to Mr. Dimond.
U. S. Ship Falmouth, off Sacrificios,
October 23, 1845.
By the letter of Mr. Black, which you were kind enough to send
me this morning, I learn that the proposition to enter into negotia-
tion, made by our government to that of this country, had been
accepted. There appears to exist, on the part of this government,
some tear lest they should be accused of being forced into this
measure by the hostile attitude ot the United States.
Being fully aware that our government has had no intention of
threatening this country, but, on the contrary, has always been.
20 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
actuated by a sincere desire to heal existing differences in a manner
honorable to both nations, 1 believe that I shall best contribute to-
such an arrangement by withdrawing our naval force from before
Vera Cruz.
[lilnclosuro No. 3. — Translation.]
Mr. PeHa y Pena to Mr. Black.
[Private.]
October 31 , 18-15.
My dear Sir: Although this is not to be understood, in anj v<a}\
as an intimation of the re-opcning of the friendly relations at present
interrupted between Mexico and the United States, I find myself
coii.pelled, by an occurrence which has recently taken place on our
coast of the'Pacific, to address myself to you, inasmuch as this is-
demanded by the very nature of the occurrence, and the actual state
which at this da> is preserved by both governments.
It will be within the knowledge of the consul, that a sloop of-
war of his nation, named the " Palomita,"is cruising in the Pacific,
for this vessel has entered the bay of the port of Manzanillo, and a.
captain and a lieutenant colonel have landed from her, who have
made known that said corvette is commanded by Mr. Maist Possets;
that she carries twenty-two guns, and a crevv of two hundred and
thirteen men. The result being, that the local authorities took
alarm, and placed themselves in a posture of det^ence, as was natu-
ral on the presence of a ship of-war, and from the conduct of her
commander.
The government of Mexico has given its orders, for the purpose
of suspending for the present any act of hostility against the United
States, and limits itself to the defensive, awaiting the issue of the
negotiation proposed by the government of the Unired States through,
the consul; and this proceeding demands, with still greater reason,
that on the part of the one which has taken the initiative in that
negotiation, the sam^e preventive orders should be issued to the re-_
spective commanders in the navy of the United States, in order
that whilst the present statuo quo shall last, no vessel of war of
its navy shall present itself with hostile display in any of our ports
on either coast, or do any other act whicii may awaken apprehen-
sion in the local authorities or inhabitants of those coasts.
This is very conformable to the principles of justice; and it will '
be an evidence of proceeding in g^od faith, and with sincerity to-
wards the pacific arrangement of the pending questions between
Mexico and the United States.
I remain, with the greatest consideralion.
Ex. Doc. No. 00.
21
[Enclosure No. 4.1
.Mr. Black to .Mr. Penii y PcTiu.
[Coiifitleniiul.]
Consulate or tiik United States ok America,
Mexico, Jfovember 3, 1845.
The under.'-i-jcned, consul of the 1 niter! States of America, ha.s
the honor to acknowledge the receipt of the confidential note of
his excellency Manuel de la Ptfu y Pena, minister of foreign rela-
tions and government of the iMexican republi' , dated the 31st ulti-
mo, in which the attention of Ihe undersigned is called to a «lisa-
gre^able occurrence which has taken place at the port of Manza-
nilloj by the entry of a vessel in the bay of said port, said to be an
armed vessel of the United States, called the " Palomita;" that a
captain and lieutenant colonel had disembarked, from whom it was
ascertained that the said vessel (c« rbeta) was commanded by Maist
Posseis, and armed with twenty-two guns, and two hundred and
thirteen men, and that the authorities of that place became alarmed,
and put themselves in a state of defence in consequence of the ap-
pearance of said vessel ami the conduct of its commander.
The undersigned regrets much that any such occurrence has hap-
pened to give uneasiness and alarm to the local authorities of Man-
:i:anillo, and thi:t the attention of the Mexican government at this
peculiar juncture in the affairs of the two countries should be oc-
cupied and disturbed by accounts of this nature. But the under-
signed has reason to believe that, as far as the United States and
its authorities are concerned, the affair has been misreported. As,
in the first place, the United States has no vessel of any description
calh^l the Palomita, nor the word corresponding to it in English,
neither is there an officer in the whole United States navy, from a
midshipman up to a commodore, by the name of Maist Possets, nor
a vessel of the rate of twenty -two guns. All these corroborating
circumstances go to show that the said vessel cannot be an armed
vessel of the United States as reported, in relation to which the
Mexican government will no doubt soon be undeceived by the same
authorities from whom it has received its information.
His excellency is further pleased to state that the Mexican gov-
ernment has given orders to suspend all hostile acts against the
United States for the present, and that this requires that like pre-
ventive orders be given by the other side to the respective comman-
ders of the United States navy, during the present '■'■statua ^mo," for
United States vessels of war not to present themselves in any of
the Mexican ports, either of the north or south, with hostile show.
nor do any other act which might inspire the authorities and inhab-
itants of the said coasts with suspicion.
The undersigned would here observe, that the government and
people of Mexico have reason to believe that the government of
the United States is far from entertaining any hostile intentions to-
wards Mexico, as is fully demonstrated by the late conciliatory
22 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
measures moved and adopted by it towards the latter; and his ex»-
cellency must be satisfi d, from what has already transpired, that
the undersigned is well disposed to do everything in his power to
accommodate tkings to the wishes of the Mexican government, as
far as is consistent with a discharge of his duty to that of his own;
and he would be as careful not to offend nor wound the rights and
honor of Mexico, as he would be to defend and sustain the rights
and honor of his own country.
With reference to his confidential note of the 29th ultimo, the
undersigned avails himself of the occasion to renew to his excel-
lency Manuel de la Pefia y Peiia, minister of foreign relations and
government of the Mexican republic, the assurance of his distin-
guished consideration and personal regard.
No. 5.
J\h'. Black to Mr. Buchanan.
[Extract.]
Consulate of the United States of America,
Mexico^ December 18, 1845.
On Wednesday, the 3d instant, I received a letter from our con-
sul at Vera Cruz, dated the 29th of November, informing me that
a vessel had just arrived at Sacrificios, on board of which was the
Hon. John Slidell, who had sent for him, the said consul, to come
down to that place, as he wished to leave Vera Cruz for this capi-
tal by that night's diligence, but he, the consul, was of opinion he
would not be able to leave until the next stage.
On the receipt of this letter I called at the foreign department
of this government, to see the minister of foreign affairs, and was
informed by Mr. Monasterio, the chief clerk, that the minister was
up stairs with the President, and that he was going up to see him,
and would advise him of my wish. He soon returned, and reques-
ted me to go up, as the minister wished to see me. I went up tP
the President's quarters, when the minister came out into the ante-
chamber and met me, and accosted me, saying that the government
was informed that there was an arrival at Vera Cruz from the United
States, bringing out a commissioner, by which the government was
taken by surprise, and asked me who could this commissioner be,
and what had he come for? I told him I did not know, but I pre-
sumed it was the envoy which the Mt-xican government had agreed
to receive from the government of the United States; all the in-
foimation which I had upon the t-ubjecl was, that the consul of the
United States at Vera Cruz had advised me, in a letter under date
of the 29th of November, that the Hon. John Slidell had just ar-
ri^ed at Sacrificios, and wished to leave Vera Cruz for this capital
<bj the first diligence, and that I was under the impression that this
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 23
person was an envoy from the government of the United States to
that of Mexico, as we had good leason to expect one about this
time. He said that ought not to be; the government did not ex-
pect an envoy from the United States until January, as they were
not prepared to receive him; and he desired, if possible, that he
would not come to the capital, nor even disembark at this time, and
that I should endeavor to prevent his doing so, as his appearance
in the capital at this time might prove destructive to the govern-
ment, and thus defeat the whole affair. You know the opposition
are calling us traitors, for entering into this arrangement with you.
I told him I regretted this had not been known in time, as the en-
voy would be now on his way to this capital, and tliatihe Mexican
government had set no time for his arrival, and it was to be pre-
sumed that they w^ouid be ready to receive him whenever he arri-
ved. I know, he said, there was no time set; but from the con-
versations which I have had with yourself, and what I have heard
from others, I had good reason to believe that the envoy would
not have been appointed by your government, or, at least, not have
started on his mission, until after the meeting of Congress;' which,
he said, he understood would not meet until the first of this month.
He said that the government itself was well disposed, and ready
to proceed in the negotiation, but that if the affair was commenced
now, it would endanger its existence; that the government were
preparing the thing, collecting the opinion and consent of the de-
partments, which they expected to have finished by January, and
then they would be able to proceed in the affair w'ith more security;
that the government were afraid that the appearance of the envoy
at this time would produce a revolution against it, which might
terminate in its destruction.
No. 6.
Mr. Slidell to Mr. Buchanan.
[Extracts]
Legation of the United States of America,
Mexico^ Decern,}. 6r 17, 1845.
By ray letter of 30th ultimo, I had the honor to n orm you of
my safe arrival at Vera Cruz. I reached this city on Saturday the
(nh instant, having been detained two days by the stoppage of the
Miail coach at Jalapa. At Puebla, I was met by our consul, Mr.
Elack, who in some measure prepared me for the delays and diffi-
culties which I should have to contend with, in placing myself in
relation with this government, by informing me, that in a private
interview which he had had wnth the minister of foreign affairs,
Mr. Manuel de la Pena y Pena, for the purpose of announcing to
him my arrival at Vera Cruz, that functionary had manifested
great surprise that a minister should have presented himself
so soon, and intimated that the state of things was such that he
24 Ex. Doc. No. 60. .
should have preferred less promptness on the part of our gov-
ernment. On Monday the 8th instant, 1 addressed to the min-
ister of foreign affairs a note, in the iisua] form, announcing my
arrival in the capital, accompanying it with a copy of my letter of
credence and your official communic;ation to the minister of foreiga
affairs, and asking to be informed when and where I should be ad-
mitted to present my credentials to the President. Of this note I
annex a copy. It was handed by Mr. Black to the minister, who
assured him that I should have an answer on the following Wednes-
day; and requested him to call and receive it On that day, how-
ever, Mr. Black received a note from the secretary of the minister,
stating that it was necessary to submit the matter to the council of
gorernment, and that he would be advised when the answer would
be given. Mr. Black has since had another interview with Mr.
Ptna, and has prepared, at my request, a statement of what passed
between them, which I send you.
This council of government is a permanent body of a very ano-
malous character, composed of persons not removable by the ex-
ecutive; its functions, so far as I can understand them, are, with a
few exceptions, and these not applying to foreign relations, merely
advisory, and no obligation exists on the part of the executive,
but in the exceptional cases, to consult the council. The council
was not consulted when the executive determined to renew diplo-
matic relations with the United States, and a recourse to it at this
moment was altogether gratuitous. It is a notorious fact, that sev-
eral pof the members of this council are not only in open and vio-
lent opposition to the present administration, but are endeavoring
to get up a revolutionary movement to overthrow it; and it is gen-
erally understood that a majority of them are unfavorably dispo-
sed towards it.
The impression here among the best informed persons is, that
while the president and his cabinet are really desirous to enter
frankly upon a negotiation w^hich would terminate all their difficul-
ties with the United States, * * * * *
This at least is certain; the administration, in referring a matter
entirely within their own competence, to a body whose decision
they cannot control, and upon whose sympathies they cannot rely,
manifest either a weakness or a bad faith, which renders the pros-
pect of any favorable issue to ncLOtiations v^'ith them, at best, very
problematical.
The deliberations of the council, although ostensibly confiden-
tial, soon became known out of doors. It has been twice or thrice
convoked for tke purpose of deliberating upon my reception, and
it is perfectly well known that it has advised against it. The most
absurd reasons have there been advanced against my recognition, so
absurd, indeed, that they would appear scarcely credible to any one
not upon the spot. * ^ "' * * * *
The objections started were, that ray credentials did not appear
to have been given with the sanction of Congress; that ray ap-
poietment had not been confirmed by the Senate; that this gov-
ernment had agreed only to receive a commissioner, and that, con-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. Sr>
sequent!)', the appointment of an envoy extraordinary and min-
ister plenipotentiary was not in accordance with the letter of the
]6th October h'oin the minister of foreign affairs to Mr. Black;
that this letter only contemplated negotiations upon the subject of
Texas; and finally, to cap the climax of absurdity, that my powers
were not sufficient. I hope, bi'fore the closing of this despatch, to
obtain information of the precise grounds upon which the council
finally decided to recommend that I should not be received.
Having received no reply to my note of the 8th instant, and no
assurance of the time when I might expect one, I addressed another
nn the 15th instant, (a copy of which you will find herewith,) sta-
ting my desire to communicate speedily with my government and
requesting to know when I might expect an answer.
I have, while writing this, received a communication from the
minister of foreign relations, of which I shall turnish you a copy.
You will observe that it is dated yesterday, although I have no
doubt that it was written after the final negative decision of the
council, which was rendered on that day. You wiU find it evasive
and unsatisfactory, intimating difficulties respecting my credentials,
and that negotiations were, by the terms of his letter to our consul,
lo be confined to the subject of Texas. It concludes v/ith an as-
surance that I shall be informed, at the earliest moment, of
the decision of the council, to whom the matter had been sub-
mitted.
You will observe that this note is not addressed to rae in my of-
ficial capacity; the omission to do so is certainly not an accidental
one. I feel considerably embarrassed as to the proper course to
pursue in relation to this circumstance, unimportant in itself, but not
without significancy when taken in connexion with other circum-
stances. Your instructions direct me to bear and forbear mucli,
for the purpose of promoting the great objects of my mission.
* * * * * * it * *
As for myself, personally, I should feel very indifferent to any
questions of mere etiquette; but m my representative capacity, 1
ought not silently to suffer any mark of disrepect. Although not
yet recognized by this government as the person with whom it is
willing to enter upon official relations, so far as my own is con-
cerned, I ana its representative here, and all otiicr considerations
apart, the interests of my mission with a people attaching peculiar
importance to forms, require that I should not allow any violation
of accustomed courtesies to pnss unnoticed. My present intention
is, to address a note to the minister of foreign relations, couched
in the most respectful terms, attributing the omission to address
me by my proper title, to inadvertence, and suggesting the expec-
tation that it will not be repeated. This, however, 1 sl.'all not do
without proper reflection and consultaiion of precedents, if any
such can be found. There is less reason for immediate reply, as i
am satisfied that nothing is to be gained by pressing upon the gov-
ernment at this moment; their existence hangs by a thread, and
they retain power, not by iheir own force, but solely by «he ina-
bility of their opponents to agree amojg themselves. The great
26 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
object of the administration, in all matters, is to gain time; to do
nothing to compromit themselves, in the hope that if they can hold
over until the rateting of the new congress, which will take place
on the 1st of January, they will thtn be enabled to maintain their
position. It would seem presumptuous in me, having so recently
arrived, and with my necessarily very limited acquaintance and
means of information, to express any opinion on this subject, but'
I give it to you for what it may be worth. A revolution, and that
before the meeting of congress, is a probable event; a change of
ministers almost a certain one. Notwithstanding the desire, which
I believe the present administration really entertains, to adjust all
their difficulties with us, so feeble and inert is it, that I am rather
inclined to the opinion that the chances of a successful negotiation
would be better with one more hostile, but possessing greater en-
ergy. The country, torn by conflicting factions, is in a state of
perfect anarchy; its finances in a condition utterly desperate. * ^
A refusal to treat with, or even receive me at all, in the only ca-
pacity in which I am authorised to act, under pretexts more or less
plausible, is a possible (I aught, perhaps, to say a probable) event.
This is a contingency which could not have been anticipated, and
for which your instructions have, consequently, not provided. It
will place me in a novel, awkward, and most embarrassing po-
sition, and impose upon me a grave responsibility. Should it
occur, I shall endeavor so to conduct myself as to throw the whole
odium of the failure of the negotiation upon this governmentj
point out, in the most temperate manner, the inevitable conse-
quences of so unheard of a violation of all the usages which govern
the intercouse between civilized nations; and declare my intention
to remain here until I can receive instructions adapted to the exi-
gencies of the case. I trust that no time will be lost in furnishing
me with instructions that will enable me to act promptly and de-
cisively; and, to assure the requisite despatch, I would recommend
that they be sent by a steamer from Pensacola. Sailing vessels
are frequently from fifteen to twenty days making the passage
from Havana, or the Balize, to Vera Cruz.
I send you files of the three principal papers published here, viz:
the Diario, Siglo, and Amigo del Pueblo, which will enable you to
form some idea of the state of public opinion as indicated by the
press. The first is the official government paper; it has not made
the slightest allusion to my arrival, and preserves upon all other
debatable subjects a silence equally oracular. The second, although it
has had a sort of semi-official character, and had heretofore supported
the administration, has recently commented very freely upon its
feebleness and inefficiency. The third is the leading opposition
journal; it breathes the fiercest hostility against the United States,
denounces the proposed negotiation as treason; and, in the last
number, openly calls upon the troops and the people to put down
the government by force. * * * * *
I had hoped to have been prepared to forward with this a full
statement of the facts connected with the disputed payment of in-
stalments of the Mexican indemnity, but am not yet in possession
Ex. B&c. No. 60. 27
of the necessary evidence; I am now engaged in collecting it, and
expect to forward my report with my next despatches.
Isend this by Lieutenant Kennedy, who, at ray request, was de-
tached by Captain Saunders from the St. Mary's; which ship will
immediately, on the arrival of L eut. K., proceed to Pensacola. I
shall detain the Porpoise until I have something definite to com-
municate.
P. S. December 18, 1845. — At the moment I was about to close
this, I obtained the dictamen of the council of government, pub-
lished in the"Siglo." I send you the paper.
[Enclosure N». 1.]
Mr. Slidell to Mr. Peha y Pena.
Mexico, December 8, 1845.
The undersigned who has been appointed envoy extraordinary
and minister plenipotentiary of the United States of America, near
the Mexican government, has the honor to inform your excel-
lency that he arrived in this capital on the evening of the 8th in-
sstant, and requests to be informed of the time and place at which
he may have the honor to be admitted to present his letter of cre-
dence (a copy of which he encloses) to the most excellent Presi-
dent of the republic of Mexico, General Jose Joaquim Herrea.
He also begs leave to present, herewith, a letter addressed to
your excellency by the Hon. James Buchanan, Secretary of State
of the United States of America.
The undersigned avails himself of this occasion to tender to
your excellency the assurance of his profound respect and distin-
guished consideration.
JOHN SLIDELL.
To his excellency Man^l de la Pena y Pena,
Minister of Foreigr^Relations and Government
of the Mexican Republic.
Mr. SlideWs letter of credence.
JAMES K. POLK,
president of the united states of AMERICA.
Great and Good Friend: I have made choice of John Slidell,
one of our distinguished cit'zens, to reside near the government
of the Mexican republic in the quality of envoy extraordinary and
minister plenipotentiary of the United States of America. He is
28 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
%
well informed relative to the interests of the two countries, and ot
our sincere dtsire to restore, cultivate, and strengthen friendship
and cood correspondence between us; and, from a knowledge of
his fiiielity and good conduct, I have entire confidence that he will
render himself acceptable to the Mexican government, by his con-
stant endeavors to preserve and advance the interest and happiness
of both nations. 1, therefore, request youc excellency to receive
him favorably, and to give full credence to whatever he shall say
on the part of the United States. And I pray God to have you iu
his safe and holy keeping.
Written at the city of Washington the tenth day of Novmber,
in the year of our Lord one thousaad eight hundred and forty-five,
and cf the independence of the United States the seventieth.
Your good friend,
JAMES K. FOLK.
By the President:
James Buchanan,
Secretary of Slate.
To his Excellency Don .jose Joaquim Herrera,
Prtsident of the Mexican Repul ic.
[Enclosuro No. 2.]
Mr. Black to Mr. Slidell. — Extracts.
Consulate of the United States of America,
Mexico, December 15, 1846.
In compliance with your request, I have the honor to give you,
herewith, a written statement of what passed between his excellen-
cy Manuel de la Pefla y Pena, minister of foreign relations, &c.j
of the Mexican government, and myself, and the two interviews
had with the said minister, on the evenings of the 8th and 13th
instant, held at his house, as follows:
At the interview of Monday evening, the 8lh instant, which took
place between the hours of 6 and 7, I stated to his excellency that
I presumed he knew of the arrival in this city of the Hon. John
SiidelJ, as envoy, &c., from the government of the United States.
He replied that he had been informed of it that day. I then told
him that I had made known to Mr. Slidell what his excellency had
communicated to me in our interview of Wednesday, the 3d inst.,
in relation to the tears entertained by the Mexican government on
account of his arrival at this time, as it would have better suited
the Mexican government, and they would be more able to carry
out their views in relation to the mi-sion, if the envoy had arrived
a month later; and that our minister, Mr. Slidell, had regretted
much that he had not known the wish of the Mexican govern-
ment in relation to this point before he left home, as it would also
have better suited his convenience to have deferred his coming a.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 29
month longer; but it was his impression that it was the wish of the
^lexican government that he should arrive with as little delay as
possible.
His excellency replied that he had been under the impression,
from what had been intimated by myself and others, that an envoy
would not be appointed by the government of the United States
until afier the meeting of Congress, which would not take place
until the 1st of December; that the Mexican government were
engaged in collecting the opinion of the department in relation to
this affair, in order that they might be prepared and better able to
carry out their views respecting the same; that he himself *\'as well
disposed to have everything amicably arranged, but that the oppo-
sition was strong, and opposed the government with great violence
in this measure, and that the government had to proceed %vith cau-
tion; that nothing positive could be done until the new Congress
meet in January; but that, in the meantime, they would receive the
minister's credentials, examine them, and be treating on the sub-
ject. He wished to know when I thought the minister would re-
ceive the confirmation of his appointment by the Senate. I said
this he would likely know in a tjew days,
-V- ,-if M^ *i- -u- -M,
* «
I then presented to his excellency the letter of the Hon. John
Slidell, enclosing a copy of his credentials, and a letter from the
Hon. James Buchanan, Secretary of State of the United States;
at the same time asking the Mexican minister when it would be
convenient to give an answer;ii^p which he replied, on Wednesday
evening, the 10th instant, at th^^ame hour and place, and requested
that I would attend, to receive the same accordingly; to which I
consented; but, about 4 o'clock in the afternoon of that day, I
received a note from Mr. Monasterio, chief clerk of the foreign
department, advising uje that the minister could not receive me
that night (as agreed on) on account of it having been det( > j'lined
to hear the opinion of the government countnl on the subjct ! of
the arrival ot the minister from the United States; but as sor.ii ;is
he was ready for the conference arranged with me, he would Ldye
the pleasure to advise me, as will be seen by a copy of said note,
whi«'h I transmit herewith.
On Saturday evening, the i3th instant, at the request of Mr.
Slidell, I called on the Mexican minister, Senor Pefia, at liis house,
to inquire when an a»'«wer would be given to his (Mr. Slidell's)
aforesaid note. He replied that the affair had been submitted to
the government council, in a special session of this day, and
that it had been referred to a committee, and that as soon as the
committee made a report, and the council should decide, he would
then advise me, through Mr. Monasterio, when he was ready for
the conference to present to me the answer for Mr. Slidell; as he
said when he came to examine the Crednntials of Mr. S. he found
them to be the same as those presented by Mr. Shannon, and other
former ministers — as a minister to resi<ie near the government of
Mexico, just as if there had been no suspension of the diplomatic
and friendly relations between the two governments; that the
30 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Mexican government understood the present misiion to be a special
mission, and confined to the differences in. relation to the Texas
question, and not as a mission to reside near the Mexican govern-
ment, as in ordinary cases; that of course would follow when the
first question was decided.
I replied, that as I understood it', the Mexican government had
not only agreed to receive an envoy, intrusted with full powers to
settle the question in dispute in relation to the affairs of Texas,
bat all the questions in dispute between the two governments, as
proposed by the government of the United States. He replied
that the credentials of Mr. Slidell had not reference to any ques-
tions in dispute, but merely as a minisiter to reside near the Mexi-
can government, without reference to any questions in dispute,
just as if the diplomatic and friendly relations between the two
governments had not been and were not interrupted; that I knew
the critical situation of the Mexican government, and that it had
to proceed with great caution and circumspection in this affair;
that the government itself was well disposed to arrange all differ-
ences.
-* * * * * * * »
He said he was happy to say that he had received very favorable
information in relation to our minister, the Hon. Mr. Slidell; that
he understood he was a person endued with excellent qualities,
and an eminent lawyer; and as he himself was of that profession,
they would be able to understand each other better, and that he
would be much pleased to cultivate his acquaintance; and that if
etiquette and the present state of affairs would permit, he would
be happy to pay him a visit, even before he was presented to the
government; and said he would advise me, through Mr. Monas-
terio, when he was ready to present to me the answer to Mr. Sli-
dell's note.
The foregoing, sir, is, as far as my recollection will serve, a true
statement of what passed between the aforesaid Mexican minister
and myself in the before mentioned interviews.
f . [Enclosure No. 3.]
Mr. Slidell to Mr. Pefia y Pena.
Mexico, December 15, 1845.
The undersigned, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipoten-
tiary of the United States of America, had the honor, on the 8th
instant, to address a note to your excellenry, informing him of
the arrival of the undersigned in this capital, accompanying the
same with a copy of his letters of credence, and requesting to be
informed when and where he might have the honor of presenting
his said letters of credence to the most excellent president of the
Mexican republic, General Jose Joaquim de Herrera.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 31
To this note the undersigned has not as yet received any reply.
He is necessarily ignorant of the reasons which have caused so long
a delay; but, inasmuch as he is desirous to communicate as speedily
as possible with his government, he begs leave, most respectfully,
to ask your excellency to inform him when he may expect to re-
ceive a reply to his note of the 8th instant.
The undersigned renews to his excellency Manuel de la Peiia y
Pena the assurance of his most distinguished consideration.
JOHN SLIDELL.
His Ex'y Manuel pe la Pena y Pena,
Minister of Foreign Relations and
Government of the Mexican Republic.
[Enclosure No. 4.]
Mr. Pena y Pena to Mr. Slidell.
Palace of the National Government,
Mexico J December 16, 1845.
The undersigned, minister of foreign relations, in answer to the
letter which Lis excellency Mr. John Slidell was pleased to address
to him yesterday, has the honor to inform him that the delay in his
reception, to which he alludes, and the consequent delay in answer-
ing his preceding note, making known his arrival in this capital,
and accompanying a copy of his credentials, have arisen solely
from certain difficulties, occasioned by the nature of those creden-
tials, as compared with the proposition made by the United States,
through their consul, to treat peacefully upon the affairs of Texas,
with the person who should be appointed to that effect; for which
reason it has been found necessary to submit the said credentials to
the council of government, for its opinion with regard to them.
The undersigned will communicate the result to his excellency
without loss of time; assuring him meanwhile that the government
of Mexico is ready to proceed agreeably to what it proposed in its
answer on the subject.
The undersigned avails himself of this opportunity to offer to
his excellency Mr. Slidell the assurances of his very distinguished
consideration.
MANUEL DE LA PENA Y PENA.
His Excellency John Slidell, ^c, ^'c.
32 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
No. 7.
Mr. Slidell to Mr. Buchanan.
[Extraete.]
Legation of the United States of America.
Mexico^ December 27, 1845.
I have the honor to transmit, herewith, a copy of my despatch.
• f the 17lh instant.
On the 20th instant, not having received from the minister of
foreign relations the reply in relation to my reception, which he
had assured m& would be made as soon as he should be informed of
the results of the reference to the council of government, I thought
it advisable to avail myself of the opportunity which his silence
afforded to correct the statement made by him in his note of the
16th instant, that the United States had proposed, through their
consul, to treat in a friendly manner resp'ecting the affairs of Texas.
I accordingly addressed him the communication of which you wilt
find a copy herewith; pointing out, briefly, the error into which he
had fallen, with the hope, rather than the expectation, thrit it might
induce him to withhold oi qualify the reply which it was known,
from the public declaration of the minister himself in the chamber
of deputies, had been prepared, declaring the refusal of the Presi-
dent to receive me. On the 21st instant I received from Mr. Pena
Y Peiia his promised reply, conveying the formal and unqualified
refusal of the Mexican government to receive me in the character
for which I am commissioned; of this most extraordinary document
I send a copy. To this I replied, under date of the 24th instant,
disproving the unfounded assertion of Mr. Pena y Pena, and refut-
ing the arguments upon which the refusal to receive me was based.
It would be superfluous lor me to recapitulate what I have said in
my letter to the minister of foreign relations, and I shall refer you
for particulars to the accompanying copy.
I am not without apprehension lest, in my anxiety to preserve
that tone of forbearance, in my intercourse with this government,
which has been so strongly inculcated upon me bv your instruc-
tions, I may have failed to animadvert with becoming spirit on itt
unparalleled bad faith, its gross falsification of the correspondence
■which led to my appointment, and the utter futility of the misera-
ble sophistry by which it attempts to justify its conduct. If I have
«rred in this respect, I doubt not that you will find sufficient ex-
cuse for the error in the peculiarity of my position, unprecedentedj
I believe, in our diplomatic annals; the absence of all instructions
in a contingency so unlooked for; and the feeling of self abnega-
tion which has prompted me rather to subject myself to the impu-
tation of a want of proper firmness and energy, than to take a
course which could scarcely have failed to close the door upon all
subsequent attempts at negotiation, and render war inevitable.
Apart, indeed, from your instructions, two other considerations
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 33
-would have operated to restrain me from replying to the note of
Mr. Pefia y Pena in stronger terms — the conviction that it was dic-
tated rather by the fears than the feelings of the existing govern-
ment, and the relative situation of the two countries — which would
have rendered the language of menace and recrimination unbe-
coming.
You will observe that I have signified to this government my in-
tention to proceed in a few days to Jalapa, there to await your final
instructions. I have not decided upon this course without due de-
liberation, and I hope that it will meet with your approbation. My
reasons were, first, to let this government understand, from my acts
as well as my words, the serioas consequences likely to result from
a persistence in their present course; and, secondly, to avoid the
possibility of any suspicion attaching to the legation, of interfer-
ence of any kind in the struggle now going on.
With a people so jealous and suspicious, the most innocent move-
ments or associations are liable to be misunderstood and misrepre-
sented; and, for that reason, I have, since my arrival, abstained
from all intercourse with members of- either of the contending par-
ties. To enable you better to decide upon the course proper to be
pursued, I will endeavor to give you, in as few words as possible,
some idea of the present state of things here. I will not enter into
detail; for their phases vary so much from day to day, and there
are so many fractions and subdivisions of party, that, even if I pos-
sessed the necessary information, I could not communicate it to
you within any ordinary limits. The two great divisions of party
are those of the federalists and centralists; the former desiringvthe
re-establishment of the constitution of 1824, which, with the ex-
ception of the absence of religious toleration, was very nearly a
counterpart of our own; the latter, as the name implies, advocating
a consolidated government, as the only one adapted to the charac-
ter of the people, and possessing sufficient strength and energy to
preserve their nationality. But in these two great parties there
are many shades of opinion — some of the federalists, for instance,
being disposed to concede greater powers to the general govern-
ment; while many of the centralists advocate an executive with
unlimited powers, to be exercised either by a single person or a
triumvirate; and some would even go so far as to abrogate all the
forms of a republican government, and call for the establishment
of a monarchy, in the person of some foreign prince, to be guaran-
tied by some leading European powers.
* # *• * * =:* # >»
General Herrera, the actual President, was elected but a few
months since, almost unanimously, and in accordance with the
forms of the constitution; he came iato power under auspices ap-
parently the most flattering, and yet he will, in all probability,
soon vacate the national palace, to be succeeded by some military
chief, whose career, in turn, will be equally short lived.
The associations of General Herrera have heretofore generally
been with tha federal party, and the bias of his feelings in that
direction was indicated by the selection from it of a majority of the
3
34 ^ Ex. Doc. No. 60.
snembers of his cabinet; but his failure to proclaim the federation,
and 10 throw himselt frankly upon that party, soon alienated the
greater portion of it; while the remainder have given him but a
feeble and reluctant support, and the whole force of the central-
ists, comprising nearly all the officers of the array, and almost the
entire clergy, has been arrayed against him. He is universally ad-
mitted to be a man of probity, and the persons immediately about
him are said to be free from any antecedent stain. * * *
* * * He has end*-avored to conduct the government
pu' ely, and to correct some of the gross abuses which have existed
in every branch of the public service; this has, of cou'-se, enlisted
:against him the host of office-holders throughout the country, and
he has not shown that energy which was necessary to carry his
good intentions into effect. 'J'he command of the division ol re-
ser\e, destined to operate on the frontu r of Texas, was entrusted
to General Paretics, who, although he had, from causes of personal
<Jissatisfaction, contributed to the overthrow of Santa Anna, has
alv;ays been known as the advocate of centralism, or ra her of a
military despotism. Ordered to advance, several months since, to
the line of the Rio del Norte, he has, on various frivolous pretexts,
constantly disobeyed or evaded his instructions, and the govern-
ment, although it cannot have been ignorant of his hostile inten-
tions, has not dared to displace him. The force under his command
is variously estimated at from 5,000 t* 8,000 men, and is said to
comprise the most efficient troops of the republic. The intention
of the government to negotiate with the United States has been
made the great theme of denunciation, and the opposition has been
grsidually maturing its plans of insurrection in every quarter. The
arrival of an American minister was to be the signal of the out-
break; it occurred sooner ban was anticipated, and cons^^quently
found them unprepared. Paredes did not issue his revolutionary
proclamation until the 15th instant, and did not put his troops in
march towards this place until some days after; a corresponding
«novement in the capital whs expected to have taken place imme-
-^iately on the receipt ot Patedes's proclamation, and such undoubt-
edly was the intention of the revolutionists; but it seems that his
<'p/an5" as these insurrectionary programmes are here called, dis-
Baiisfied som'^' of the leadeis; they could not agree upun their
course of operations, and the movement was postponed. This gave
• the government a breathing spell. In the meantime, several ot ihe
most conspicuous revolutionists have been arrested and are now in
prison; others, (ard among them General Almonte,) agamst whom
orders of arrest have been i.>sue<l, are concealed; extraordinary
powers for six months have been granted to the President by Con-
gress- the city, which is now beinjj^ fortified, has been declared in
a state of siege, and the liberty of the prs >s suspended. The gov-
ernment appears to be detei mined to defend itself obstinately, al-
though the defection ol the garrisons ot San Juan de UUoa and
Vera Cruz, and of the fnrce stationed at Jalapa, gives it but little
reason to rely upon the fidelity of any portion of the army. What
V7i\\ be the res^ult, it would be idle for me to predict, but the gen-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 35
eral opinion here appears to be that the government must succumb.
****** Of one thing, however, T feel as-
sured, that, after what has occurred, shouUJ any concession be
made by our government, if any Ami-rican minister present himself
here without an un(,Uiliiied retraction, by whatever parly may
succeed in the present contest, ol Mr. Pefia y Peiia's note of the
20th instant, he will come on a bootless errand. The desire of
our government to secure peace will be mistaken for timidity; the
most extravagant pretensions will le made and insisted upon, until
the Mexican people shall be convinced, by hostile demonstriUions,
that our differences must be settled promptly either by negotiation
©r the sword.
I shall be detained here a few days, engaged in collecting the
facts, and taking certain steps in relation to the disputed paycuent
of instalments, which, when obtained and completed, will form the
subject of a separate despatch.
•
[Enclosure No. 1.]
Mr. Slidell to Mr Pena.
Mexico, December 20, 1845.
The undersioned, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipoten-
tiary of the United States of America, has the honor to acknow-
ledge the receipt, on the 17th instant, of the n-^.te of your excel-
lency, dateil the 16th instant, in reply to that of the undersigned
of t)ie 15th instant. By this note, the undersigned is informed that
"'the delay which has occurred in his reception, and, consequeiitly,
in the reply to his former note of the 8th instant, announcing his
arrival in this capital, and presenting a copy of his credentials,
has proceeded exclusively irom certain difficulties presenter! by the
tenor of his credentials, compared with the proposal made by the
United Stales, through their consul, to treat in a friendly manner
respecting the affairs of Texas, by a person whom they should name
to that effect; for which cause it has been necessary to submit the
said credentials to the ^ die tarn en^ of the council of government."
Your excellency further says that you "will inform me, without
the loss of a moment, of the result, as.^uring me, in the meanwhile,
that the government of Mexico is ready to proceed in conforraity
with what it declared in its reply to the proposal made through
the consul."
The undersigned has delayed until now replying to the note of
your excellency, in the expectation that the promised information
of the result of the application to the council of government would
have made him acquainted with the precise character of the ditfi-
eulties in relation to his credentials, to which allusion is made.
Having been disappointed in this expectation, and presuming, from
the silence of your excellency, that the question submitted is still
pending before the council, the undersigned begs leave to call the
3G Ex. Doc. No. 60.
attention of your excellency to what he supposes to be a misap-
prehension, on the part of your excellency, of the proposition
made by the United States, through their consul, Mr. Black, on
the 13th of October last, and its acceptance by the Mexican gov-
ernment, as signified by the letter of your excellency of the 15th
of October to the consul. If the undersigned be mistaken in this,
his error must be attributed to the very vague manner in which the
difficulties respecting the tenor of his credentials are alluded to.
By reference to the letter above mentioned of the consul, your
excellency will find that Mr. Black was instructed, ''in the ab-
sence of any diplomatic agent in Mexico, to ascertain from the
Mexican government whether they would receive an envoy from
the United States, entrusted with full pfewer to adjust all the ques-
tions in dispute between the two governments, ' and to sayy
"should the answer be in the affirmative, that such an envoy should
be immediately despatched to Mexico." In this letter, not only
was no suggestion made of a disposition to treat on the isolated
question of Texas, but no reference whatever can be found in it to
that question, excepting so far as it was comprised in the inquiry
whether the Mexican government would receive an envoy entrusted
with full power to adjust all questions in dispute between the two
governments.
In reply to this letter, your excellency, under date of the 15th of
October, said that, "although the Mexican go^'-ernment is deeply
injured by the United States, through the acts committed by them
in the department of Texas, belonging to this nation, my govern-
ment is disposed to receive the commissioner of the United States
who may come to this capital with full powers to settle the present
dispute in a peaceful, reasonable, and honorable manner; thus
giving a new proof that, even in the midst of lis injuries and of its
firm determination to exact adequate reparation of them, it does
not repel with contumely the measure of reason and peace to
which it is invited by its adversary."
The undersigntd will not permit himself to anticipate the possi-
"bility of any obstacle being interposed by the Mexican government
to prevent the renewal of its diplomatic relations with the United
States, and the opening in due season, of negotiations for the
termination of all existing difficulties; and he has not presented,
the foreo^oing extracts from the correspondence which led to his
appointment to the distinguished trust with which he has been
honored by the Executive of the United States, for the purpose of
commencing an argument in relation to his credentials — which
would now be premature, and which he hopes will not be, at any
time, necessary — but simply for the purpose of rectifying an error
into which your excellency has, as he is bound to believe, inadver-
tently fallen, in stating that the United States had proposed to
treat on the subject of Texas.
The undersigned, in closing this note, begs leave to call the
attention of your excellency to the omission of your excellency to
address him by his proper title, which he presumes is accidental.
Although the undersigned is not yet received by the Mexican goT-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. ' 37
efnment as the accredited agent of that of the United States; still,
Ijearing, as he does, a commission from the President of the United
States establishing his diplomatic character, that character should
be recognized in any communication addressed to him. The
undersigned trusts that he will not again have occasion to refer to
this subject. He would not, perhaps, now do so, were it a ques-
tion of mere etiquette; but, in the present disturbed state of the
country, contingencies may possibly occur, during the pendency of
the question submitted to the council of government, in which he
might have occasion to reclaim the privileges and immunities which
his commission confers upon him.
The undersigned tenders to your excellency, &c., &c.
JOHN SEIDELL.
His Excellency Manuel de la Pena y Pena^
Minister of Foreign Relations.
] Enclosure No. 2 — Translation.]
Mr. Pena y Pena to Mr. Slidell.
Palace of the National Government,
Mexico^ December 20, 1845.
The undersigned, minister of foreign relations and government
of the Mexican republic, had the honor to receive the note which
Mr. John Slidell was pleased to address to him on the 8th instant,,
making known his arrival at this capital, in the character of envoy
extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the United States of
America, near the government of the undersigned, and requesting
that a time and a place should be appointed for his admission to
present his credentials, of which he was pleased to send copies
enclosed.
The undersigned, having submitted the whole to his excellency
the President of the republic, and having also considered atten-
tively the note addressed to him by the Secretary of Slate of the
United States, relative to the mission of Mr. Slidell, regrets to
inform him that, although the supreme government of the republic
is animated by the pacific and conciliatory intentions which the
undersigned manifested to the consul of the United States in his
confidential note of the 14th of October last, it does not conceive
that, in order to fulfill the object proposed by the said consul, in
the name of the American government, and accepted by the under-
signed, it should admit his excellency Mr. Slidell in the character
with which he is invested, of envoy extraordinary and minister
plenipotentiary residing in the republic.
In order to place this refusal upon its proper grounds, the un-
dersigned will briefly communicate to Mr. Slidell the reasons by
which his excellency the President is guided.
The proposition in question emanated spontaneously from the
38 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
government of the United States, and the Mexican government ac-
cepted it, in order to give a new proof, that in the midst of griev-
ances, and its firm decision to exact adequate reparation, it did not
repel or contemn the measure of reason and peaice to which it was
invited; so that this proposition, as well as ii acceptance, re>ted
ubon the precise and definite understanding that the commissioner
should be ad hoc — that is to say, commissioned to settle, in a peace-
ful and honoiable manner, the questions relative to Texas. This
has not been done, as Mr. Siidell does not come invested with that
chaiacter, but with the absolute and general 'functions of an envoy
extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, to reside in this quality
near the Mexican government.
If his excellency Mr. Siidell be admitted in this character, which
differs substantially from that proposed for his mission on the part
of the United States, and accepted by the government of the un-
dersigned, there would be reason to believe that thenceforth the
relations between the two republics were open and frank, which
could not be -the case until ♦he questions which have led to the pre-
sent interruption ot those relations should have been settled in a
manner peaceful, but at the same time honoiable to Mexico.
Although it be true that, in the cred^'ntial letter brought by his
excellency Mr. Siidell, it is stated that he is informed of the de-
sire of the President of the United States to restore, cultivate, and
strengthen friendship and good correspondence between the two
countries, it is also no less true that in this clause the single word
restore is by no means sufMcient to give to Mr. Siidell the special
character of commissioner, or plenipoten.tiary ad hoc; to make pro-
positions as to the affairs of Texas, calculated to establish peace
firml)', and to arrest the evils of war by means of an adequate agree-
ment. Mr. Siidell is too enlightenecl not himself to see that the
powers of such a plenipotentiary ought to refer, and be a'lequaj:e5
and di:ected definitely to the business for which he is appointed;
and that he is very iar from possessing these requisites, in virtue
of the character in which he appears, of an absolute and general
minister, of an ordinary plenipotentiary, to reside near the Mexi-
can government.
The admission of such a minister should be, as the undersigned
has already said, preceded by the agreement which the United S:ates
proposes to enter into for the establishment of peace and good cor-
respondence with Mxico, interrupted by the occurrences of Texas
— this point being, from its very nature, necessary to be attained
before any other; and until it shall have been entirely and peace-
fully settled, not even an appointment should be made of a resident
minister by t-ither of the two governments.
The supreme government ot Mexico, therefore, cannot admit his
excellency Mr. Siidell to the exercise of the functions of the mis-
sion conferred on him by the United States governmerit. But as
the sentiments expressed by the undersigned to the consul, in his
above mentioned communication of the 14th of Ociober last, are in
no wise changed, he now repeats them; adding that he will have
the utmost pleasure in treating with Mr. Siidell so soon as he shall-
Ex. Doc. No. GO. • 39
have presented credentials authorizing him expressly and exclusive-
ly to settle thequestions wliich have disturbed the harmony and
good understanding between the two republics, and which will
bring on war between them unless such settlement be etfecled in
a satisfactory manner, lo which the proposition from the govern-
ment of the United States related, and under the express under-
standing of which that proposition was accepted by the Altfxicani
government. Until this be done, Mr Slidell cannot be admitted
in the character with which he appears invested, as the honor, the
dignity, and the interests of the Mexican republic would thereby
be placed in jeopardy.
The undersigned takes the liberty lo adjoin to the present note
his answer to ttiat of the Secretary of Siate of the United States^
presetited to him by Mr. John Slidell; to whom he has the honor
at the same time to present the assurances of his very distinguished
consideration.
MANUEL DE LA PENA Y PENA.
To his Excellency John Slidell, ^., ^c, fyc.
[Enclosure No. 3.]
Mr. Slidell to Mr. Pena y Pena.
Mexico, December 24, 1845.
The undersigned, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipoten-
tiary of the United States of America, had the honor to receive, oii
the evening of Sunday the 21st instant, the communication of Mr.
Ptfia y Pena, dated on the preceding day. The undersigned will
Abstain from the full expression of the feelings of astonishment and
dissatisfaction which its perusal has so naturally excited, fearlul
that, if he did not do so, he might overstep the bounds which cour-
tesy and the usages of diplomatic intercourse prescribe, in address-
ing; a person occupying the distinguished position of Mr. Ptfia y
Pena; but he should be recreant alike to the character, dignity, and
interests of the government which he has the honor tu represent^
were he not to point out to your excellency, and th.ough him to
to the people of the United States and of Mexico, the misstatements-
(and he begs to be understood that he uses this woid in no invidi-
ious sense) which the communication of your excellency contains
of the correspondence which iridu ed the appointment of the under-
signed, refute the reasoning by which Mr. Pi-na y Peila attempts
to sustain the refusal of the Mexican government to receive him,
and apprise him of the very grave consequences to which a per-
sistence in that refusal will probably lead.
In performing this ungrateful duty, the undersigned will sedu-
lously endeavor to avoid every expression that could, by possibility^
otfend the jtist sensibilities of the Mexican government; but this
feeling, sincerely entertained, would dengenerate into culpable
40 ' Ex. Doc. No. 60.
weakness, were he to withhold any fact or suppress any argument
necessary to the faithful discharge of the task which has been im-
posed upon him — that of vindicating the strict correctness of the
course pursued by his government, and demonstrating the glaring
impropriety of that which the Mexican government seems deter-
minl'd to pursue.
For this purpose, it will be necessary to make a brief reference
to the difficulties which existed between the two countries, when,
at the instance of your excellency, the consul of the United States,
acting by authority of his government, addressed to your excellen-
cy, on the 13th of October last, a letter, the substance of which
had been communicated orally to your excellency in a confidential
interview two days previously. Diplomatic relations had been
suspended by the recall of General Almonte, the Mexican minister
at Washington, in March last, and the subsequent withdrawal of the
minister of the United States from Mexico.
Mexico considered herself aggrieved by the course which the
United States had pursued in»relation to Texas, and this feeling, it
is true, was the immediate cause of the abrupt termination of all
diplomatic relations ; but the United States, on their part, had
causes of complaint, better founded and more serious, arising out
of the claims of its citizens on Mexico.
It is not the purpose of the undersigned to trace the history of
these claims, and the outrages from which they sprung. The an-
nals of no civilized nation present, in so short a period of time, so
many wanton attacks upon the rights of persons and property as
have been endured by citizens of the United States from the Mexi-
can authorities — attacks that would never have been tolerated from
any other nation than a neighboring and sister republic. They
were the subject of earnest, repeated, and unavailing remonstrance,
during a long series of years, until at last, on the 11th of Aprii,
1839, a convention was concluded for their adjustment. As, by
the provisions of tnat convention, the board of commissioners or-
ganized for the liquidation of the claims was obliged to terminate
its duties within eighteen months, and as much of that time was lost
in preliminary discussions, it only acted finally upon a small por-
tion of the claims, the amount awarded upon which amounted to
$2,026,139, (two millions twenty-six thousand one hundred and
thirty-nine dollars;) claims were examined and awarded by the
American commissioners, amounting to $928,627, (nine hundred
and twenty-eight thousand six hundred and twenty-seven dollars,)
upon which the umpire refused to decide, alleging that h's au-
thority had expired, while others, to the amount of $3,336,837,
(three millions three hundred and thirty-six thousand eight hundred
and thi'-ty-seven dollars,) remained altogether unacted upon, be-
cause they had been submitted too late for the decision of the board.
In relation to the claims which had been submitted to the board of
commissioners, but were not acted on tor want of time, amounting
to $4,265,464, (four millions two hundred and sixty five thousand
four hundred and sixty-four dollars,) a convention was signed in.
this capital on the 20th of November, 1843, by Mr. Waddy Thorap-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 41
son, on the part of the United States, and Messrs. Bocanegra and
TrigueroSj on that of Mexico, which was ratified by the Senate of
the United States, with two amendments manifestly reasonable and
necessary. Upon a reference of these amendments to the govern-
ment of Mexico, it interposed evasions, difficulties, and delays of
every kind, and has never yet decided whether it would accede to
them or not, although the subject has been repeatedly pressed by
the ministers of the United States. Subsequently, additional claims
have been presented to the Department of State, exceeding in
amount $2,200,000, (two millions two hundred thousand dollars,)
showing in all the enormous aggregate of $8,491,603, (eight mil-
lions four hundred and ninety-one thousand six hundred and three
dollars.) But what has been the fate even of those claimants
against the government of Mexico, whose debt has been fully liqui-
dated, recognized by Mexico, and its payment guaranteed by the
most solemn treaty stipulations? The Mexican government finding
it inconvenient to pay the amount awarded, either in money or in
an issue of treasury notes, according to the terms of the conven-
tion, a new convention was concluded on the 30th of January,
1843, between the two governments, to relieve that of Mexico from
this embarrassment. By its terms, the interest due on the whole
amount awarded was ordered to be paid on the 30th April, 1843,
and the principal, with the accruing intere;;t, was made payable
in five years, in equal instalments, every three months. Under this
new agreement, made to favor Mexico, the claimants have only re-
ceived the interest up to the 30th xipril, 1843, and three of the
twenty instalments.
Tne undersigne.i has not made this concise summary of the inju-
ries inflicted upon x4.merican citizens during a long series of years,
coeval indeed with the existence of the Mexican republic, repara-
tion for which has been so unjustly delayed, for the purpose of re-
crimination, or to revive those angry feelings "^vhich it was the ob-
ject of his mission to assuage, and, if possible, by friendlj and
frank negotiation, to bury in the most profound oblivion; but sim-
ply to prove, that if the proposition made by his government,
through its consul, for the renewal of diplomatic relations, pre-
sented any ambiguity, (which, he will proceed to show, does not
exist;) it could not, by any fair rule of construction, bear the in-
terpretation which your excellency has given to it. The United
States have never yet, in the course of their history, failed to vin-
dicate, and successfully, too, against the most powerful nations of
the earth, the rights of their injured citizens. If such has been
their course in their infancy, and when comparatively feeble, it
cannot be presumed that they will deviate from it now.
Mr. Pefia y Peiia says, that, having communicated to his excel-
lency the president of the republic the note of the undersigned, of
the 8th instant, with a copy of his credentials, and the letter of
the Secretary of State of the United States relative to his mission,
he regrets to inform the undersigned, that although the supreme
government of the republic continues to eniertain the same pacific
and conciliatory intentions which your excellency manifested to
43
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
the consul of the United States in his confidential note of 14th Oc-^
tober iasr, it Hoes not think that, to accomplish th# object which.
was proposed Hy the said consul, in the name of tlie Anjtrican gov-
ernment, and which was accepted by Mr. Pena y Pena, it is in the
situation (este en el caso) to admit the undersii^ned in the charac-
ter with which he comes invested, of envoy extraordinary and min-
ister plenipotentiary resident in the repubiic, and that, to sustain,
this relusal, Mr Pt-na y Pena will briefly expose to the undersicn-
ed the reasons which have governed his »X(ellency the president.
Your excellency then proceeds to say, that the proposition in ques-
tion was spontaneously made by the government of the United
States, and accepted by that of Mexico, to give a new proof that
even in the midst of its injuries, and of its tirm determination to
exact adequate reparation for them, it neither repelled nor under-
valued the measure of reason and peace to which it was invited, so
that the proposition, as well as its acceptance, turned upon the
precise and positive supposition that the commissioner should be
ad hoc; that is to say, to arrange in a peacelul anrt decorous man-
ner ihe questions of Texas. This has not been done, since the un-
dersigned does not come. in that capacity, but in the absolute and
geneial capacity of envoy extraordinnry and minister plenipotenti-
ary, to reside in that quality near the Mexican government Ttiat
if the uiHlersiji;ned be admitted in tiiis character, which diff»rs es-
sentially from that which was proposed for his mi>sion on the part
United States, and which was accepted by the Mexican govern-
ment, it would give room to believe that the relations of the two
republics became at once open and free; which could not take
place, without the questions, which had brought about the st;ite of
interruption which now exists, were previously terminated peace-
ably, but in a decorous manner lor Mexico.
If your excellency had not himself conducted the preliminary
and informal negotiations with the consul of the United *^tates, of
which the preceding version is given by 1 im; if the letter of the
consul had not been addressed to, and answered by your excellencyj
the undersigned would be constrained to believe that your excel-
lency had derived liis knowledge of it from some unauthentic source..
But, as this is not the case, the undersigned trusts that your excel-
lency will pardon him if he suggests the doubt whether your excel-
lency— constantly, occupied, as he must for some time past have
been, by the disturbed state of the internal affairs of the republic —
has reperused the letter of the consul of October 13, and the answer
of your excellency of October I5, with that scrupulous attention
which the gravity of the case demanded; and whether the lapse of
time has not left on the mind of your excellency but a vague and
incorrect impression of what rea:ly occured. Another solution^
however, of this difficulty suggests itself lo the undersigned, and he
shall be mos>t happy to find that it is the correct one. Your excel-
lency refers to his answer to the consul as being dated on the 14th
October, while tht- letter of your excellency, now in possession of
the consul, is dated on the loth October, as the undersigned has
had occasion to verify by personal inspection; and he repeats, that
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 43
he will learn with the greatest satisfaction that his present peculiar
and most embarra-^sing position is the result of unintentional error
on the part of the Mexican government.
The undersigned will now proceed, by precise and literal quota-
tation from the letter of the consul of October 13, to show, in the
most conclusive manner, that the government of the United States
proposed to send to Mexico an envoy intrusted loith full -power to
adjust all the questions in dispute between the two powers; and that
the Mexican government, through your excellency, in the letter of
October 15, declared itself disposed to receive the commissioner of
the United States, who might come to this capital with full powers
to settle those disputes in a peaceable, reasonable, and honorable man-
ner. The consul, in his letter of October 13, said that, in a confi-
dential interview with your excellency, which took place on the
11th October, he had the honor to inform your excellency that he
(the consul) had received a communication from the Secretary of
State of the United States; and having, in that interview, made
known to your excellency the substance of said eommuniciition,
your excellency, having heard and considered with due attention the
/Statement read from the said communicatif n, stated that, as the di-
plomatic relations between the two governments had been, and still
■weresuspended,lhe interview should have no other character than that
of a confidential meeting; to which he (the consul) assented, con-
sidering it only in that light. That your excellency then requested
that he (the consul) might, in the same confidential manner, com-
municate in writing what had thus been made known verbally; that,
in conformity with that request, he transcribed that part of the
communication of the Secretary of State of the United States, which
was in the following words: "At the time of the suspension of the
diplomatic relations between the two countries, General Almonte
was assured of the desire felt by the President to adjust amicably
every cause of complaint between the governments, and to culti-
vate'the kindest and most friendly relations between the sister
republics. He still continues to be animated by the same senti-
ments. He de^res that all existing differences should be termina-
ted amicably by negotiation, and not by the sword. Actuated by
these sentiments, the President has directed me to instruct you, in
the absence of any diplomatic agent in Mexico, to ascertain from the
Mexiean government whether they would receive an envoy from
the United States, entrusted with full power to adjust all the ques-
tions in dispute between the two governments. Snould the answer
he in the affirmative, such an envoy will be immediately despatched
to Mexico."
Your excellency, under date of October 15, in reply to the con-
sul, said: "I have informed ray government of the private confer-
ence which took place between you and myself on the 11th instant,
and have submitted to it the confidential letter which you, in con-
sequence of, and agreeably to, wnat was then said, addressed to me
yesterday. In answer, I have to say to you, that although the Mex-
ican nation is deeply injured by the United States, through the acts
committed by them in the department of Texas, belonging to this
44 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
nation, my government is disposed to receive the commissioner of
the United States, who may come to this capital with full powers
to settle the present dispute in a peaceable, reasonable, and honor-
able manner; thus giving a new proof, that, even in the midst of its
injuries, and of its firm determination to exact adequate reparation
of them, it does not repel nor undervalue the measure of reason and
peace to which it is invited by its adversary."
" As my government believes this invitation to be made in good
faith, and with the real desire that it may lead to a favorable con-
clusion, it also hopes that the commissioner will be a person en-
dowed with the qualities proper for the attainment of this endj that
his dignity, prudence, and moderation, and the discreetness and
reasonableness of his proposals, will contribute to calm, as much
as possible, the just irritation of the Mexicans; and, in fine, that
the conduct of the commissioner may be such as to persuade them
that they may obtain satisfaction for their injuries through the
means of reason and peace, and without being obliged to resort to-
those of arms and force.
" What my government requires above all things is, that the mis-
sion of the commissioner of the United States should appear to be
always absolutely frank, and free from every sign of menace or
coercion; and thus, Mr. Consul, while making known to your gov-
ernment the disposition on the part of that of Mexico to receive the
commissioner, you should impress upon it, as indispensable, the
recall of the whole naval force now lying in sight of our port of
Vera Cruz. Its presence would degrade Mexico while she is receiv-
ing the commissioner, and would justly subject the United States
to the imputation of contradicting, by acts, the vehement desire of
conciliation, peace, and friendship, which is professed and asserted
by words. I have made known to you Mr. Consul, with the brevity
"which you desired, the disposition of my government; and, in so
doing, I have the satisfaction to assure you of my consideration and
esteem for you personally."
The undersigned Las transcribed the letter of your excellency at
length and verbatim, on account of the discrepancy of dates, to
which he has before adverted, in order that your excellency may
have an opportunity of comparing it with the copy on the files of
his office. Argument and illustration would be superfluous to show
that the off'er of the United States was accepted by your excellency,
without any other condition or restriction than that the whole naval
force, then lying in sight of Vera Cruz, should be recalled. That
condition was promptly complied w.th, and no ship of war of the
United States has since appeared at Vera Cruz, excepting those
which have conveyed thither the undersigned and the secretary of
his legation. Nor is it the intention of his government that any
should appear at Vera Cruz, or any other port of the republic on
the gulf of Mexico, excepting such -only as may be necessary for
the conveyance of despatches.
The undersigned has said that no other condition or restrictioa
"was placed by Mr. Pefia y Pefia upon the acceptance of the propo-
s tion made through the consul, than that of the withdraw^al of the
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 4S
naval force of the United States from Vera Cruz, because he will
not do your excellency the injustice to suppose that any reliance is
placed by your excellency on the mere verbal distinction between
the* terms envoy and commissioner, when the proposition of the
United StateS; and the acceptance of your excellency, alike con-
templated the appointment of a person entrusted with full powers
to settle the questions in dispute. Indeed, your excellency admits
that the title of the diplomatic agent is of no importance, by using
the words commissioner and plenipotentiary ad hoCj as convertible
terms.
Your excellency repeatedly and expressly admits that the Mexi-
can government accepted the proposition of the United States^
made through its consul, to send an envoy to Mexico. That pro-
position was frank, simple,' and unambiguous in its terms. If your
excellency, acting as the organ of the Mexican government, in-
tended to qualify or restrict in any degree the acceptance of the
proposition, such intention should have been manifested in terms
not to be misunderstood; and the undersigned uuhtsitatingly rejects
a supposition, which would be inconsistent with the high respect
which he entertains for Mr. Pefia y Pen?', that vour excellency did
not intend to respond to the proposition in a corresponding spirit
of frankness and good faith.
The answer of your excellency to the consul having been for-
warded by him, the President of the United States promptly com-
plied with the assurance which had been given that an envoy
would be sent to Mexico with full power to adjust all questions in
dispute, by the appointment of the undersigned, thus acting in ac-
cordance with the friendly feeling which prompted the government
of the United States spontaneously (as your excellency correctly
observes) to make peaceful overtures to the Mexican government;
for the consul, in submitting the proposition to your excellency,
said, in conformity with his instructions, that "if the Presiu^^nt of
the United States had been disposed to stand upon a mere qii^.-i:ou
of etiquette, he would have waited until the Mexican govf rjiint at,
which had suspended the diplomatic relations between llitt iwa
countries, should have asked that they might be restored; but his*
desire is so strong to terminate the present unfortunate state of our
relations with this republic, that he has even consented to waive
all ceremony and take the initiative."
The appointment of an envoy extraordinary and minister pleni-
potentiary, the highest grade of diplomatic agent ever employed
by the government of the undersigned, afforded renewed proof, if
any such proof could have been necessary, of the sincere desire of
the President of the United States to terminate the present unfor-
tunate state of their relations with Mexico. What will be his sur-
prise when he is informed that this additional manifestation of his
friendly feeling, invited by your excellency, has been rejected by
the Mexican government with contumely? for, notwithstanding the
protestations of peace and good will with which the rejection of
the undersigned is accompanied, he must be excused if he look to
46 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
the acts rather than the words of the Mexican government as the
true fxpniit-nts of its feelings.
There remains another 'aro;ument on which Mr. de la Pena y Pena
hasfs the refusal to receive the undersigned, w< ich will be brrefly
noticed. Your excellency says th;it although it is true that, in the
}etter of credence of the undersigned, it is said that he is informed
of the desire which the Piesident of the United States has to re-
esfab/isk^ cultivate, and strengthen the friindship and good corres-
pondence of the two countiies, yef neither that clause, and still
less the single word re-establish^ is sufficient to give to the under-
signed the special character of commissioner, or, what is equiva-
lent, (6 bien sea,) of plenipotentiary ad hoc^ to make propositions
on the affairs of Texas, capable of establishing peace and nvoiding
the evils of war, by means of a competent arrangement. Your ex-
cellency is pleased to say, that it will not escape the discernment
(ilustracion) ol the undersigned that the powers of such a plesiipo-
tentiary should be relative, adequate, and confined by their ferras
to the business for which he is nominated, and that the nomination
"which has been made in his person, conferring upon Him the
character of a full and general minister of an ordinary plenipoten-
tiary, to reside near the Mexican government, is very far from
offering those qualities. The undersigned is free to confess that
your excellency has paid an unmerited compliment to his discern-
ment in supposing that this distinction could not have escaped
him; for, by the very terms of his credentials, he is not meieiy an
ordinat) plenipotentiarj , but an envoy extraordinary; and, as such,
he is entrusted with full powers to adjust all the questions in dis-
pute between the two governments; and, as a necessary conse-
quence, the special question of Texas.
It is not usual for a minister to exhibit his powers until he has
been accredited; and, even then, they are not called for until a
treaty is either to be made or concluded, or a particular affair of
importance negotiated. Still, had your excellency thought proper
to intimate a wish to be informed on this subject, the undersigned
•wouM no! have hesitated to furnish him witn a copy of his powers,
by whiih your excellency would have perceived that the under-
signed is, in due form, invested with full and all manner of power
and authority, for and in the name of the United States, to treat
-with tie Mexican republic of and concerning limits and bounda-
ries between the United States of America and the Mexican repub-
lic, and of all matters and subjects connected therewith, and which
may be interesting to the two nations, and to conclude and bign a
treaty or convention touching the premises.
Your txcellency says tl;e supreme government of the republic
cannot admit the undeisigned to the exercise of the mission which
has been conferred upon him by that of the United States; but, as
it has not in any degiee changed the sentiments which your excel-
lency manifested to the consul, in his communication of tlie 14th
of October last, he now repeats them, adding that he will have the
greate-t pleasure in treating with he undersigned, so soon as he
shall present the credentials which would authorize him expressly
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 47
;an<1 solely to settle the questions which have disturbed the harmony
and good intelligence of the two republics, and wiiich will lead
them to war if ihey be not satisfactorily arranged; which settle-
ment was the object of the proposition of the gove;ntneiit of the
United States, and was the express condition of the Mexican gov-
ernment in accepting it; without it, the umlersigned cannot be re-
ceive<l in the capacity in which he presents himself, since it would
compromit the honor, dignity, am) interests of the Mexican repub-
lic. The undersigned concurs lully wi(h your excellency in the
-opinion expressed by him, that the questions which have disturbed
the harm.ony and .good intelligence of the two republics will lead
them to war, if tht-y be not satisfactorily arranged. If this, un-
fortunately, should be the result, the fault will not be wi'h the
United States; the sole responsibility of such a calamity, with all
its constquences, must rest with the Mexican republic.
The undersigned would call the attention of your excellency to
the strange discrepancy between the sentiments expressed in the
clause of his letter last cited, arid the conclusion at which he ar-
rives, that the reception of the undersigned would comprf>mit the
honor, dignity, and interests of the Mexican repub'ie. Your ex-
■cellency says tiiat he will have the greatest pleasure in treating
with the undersigned, so soon as the undersigned shall present cre-
dentials which would authorize him expressly and solely to settle
the questions which have disturbed the haruHjny and good intelli-
gence of the two republics. What are these questions'? The
grievances alleged by hoth governments; and these the undersigned
is fully enjp(*wrred to adjust. Does the Mexican uovernment, after
having formally accepted the proposition of .he United States, ar-
rogate to itself the right of dictating not only the rank and title
•which their diplomatic agent shall bear, but the precise form of
the credentials which he shall be permitted to present, and to trace
out, in advance, the order in which the negotiations are to be con-
ducted? The undersigned, with every disposition to put thf most
favorable construction on the language of your excellency, cannot
but consider it as an absolute and unqualified repudiation of all
•diplomatic intercourse between the two governments. He fears
that the Mexican government does not properly appreciate the
friendly overtures of the United States, who, although anxious to
preserve peace, are still prepared (or war.
Had the undersigned been accredited by the Mexican govern-
ment, it would have been tree to choose the subjects upon which it
"would n^■gotiate, subject, of course, to the discretion of the under-
signed, controlled by his instructions, to treat upon the isolated
tquisuon of Texas; and, should it have been found impossible to
agree upon a basis of negotiation, his mission, which was not in-
tended to be one of mere ceremony, would probably soon have ter-
minated, leaving the relations of the two countries in the state in
"which the undersigned found them. If the unilersiijned had been
admitted to the honor of presenting his credentials to his excellency
the President of the republic, he was instructed to assure his excel-
lency of the earnest desire which the authorities and people of the
48 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
United States entertain to restore those ancieat relations of peace
and good will which formerly existed between the governments
and citizens of the two republics. Circumstances have of late
estranged the sympathies of the Mexican people, which had been
secured towards their brethren of the north by the early and de-
cided stand which the United States had taken and maintained in
favor of the independence of the Spanish American republics on
this continent. The great object of the mission of the undersigned
was to endeavor, by the removal of all mutual causes of complaint
for the past, and of distrust for the future, to revive, confirm, and,
if possible, to strengthen those sympathies. The interests of Mex-
ico and of the United States are, if well understood, identical, and
the most ardent wish of the latter has been to see Mexico elevated,
under a free, stable, and republican government, to a distinguished
rank among the nations of the eartji. Such are the views of the
government of the undersigned, and such was the spirit in which
he was directed to act. As for the undersigned, while it was made
his duty to manifest this feeling in all his official relations with the
government of Mexico, it would have been to him, individually, a
source of great gratification to have contributed, by every means
in his power, to the restoration of those sentiments of cordial
friendship which should characterize the intercourse of neighbor-
ing and sister republics.
The undersigned is not to have the opportunity of carrying these
intentions into effect. Mexico rejects the olive branch which has
been so frankly extended to hfr, and it is not the province of the
undersigned to criticise the motives and comment upon the influ-
ences, foreign or domestic, which have induced her to pursue this
course, or to speculate upon the consequences to which it may lead.
For a contingency so unexpected and unprecedented, no foresight
could have provided; and the undersigned consequently finds him-
self without instructions to guide him in his very delicate and sin-
gular position. He shrinks from taking upon himself the fearful
responsibility of acting in a matter that involves interests so mo-
mtntous. and, as no motive can exist for protracting his stay in this
capital, he will proceed in a few days to Jalapa, where he can com-
municate more speedily with his government, and there await its
final instructions.
The undersigned received with the communication of your ex-
cellency a sealed letter, directed to the Secretary of State of the
United States, with a request that it might be forwarded to its ad-
dress. He regrets that he cannot comply with this request. The
letter iiom the Secretary of State to your excellency, of which the
\indersigned was the bearer, was unsealed, and he cannot consent
to be made the medium of conveying to his government any official
document from that of Mexico while he is ignorant of its contents.
If Mr. Pena y PeuA will favor the undersigned with a copy of his
letter to the Secretary of State, the undersigned will be happy to
forward the original with his first despatches.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 49
He lakes this occasion to tender to his excellency D. Manuel de
la Pena y Pena the renewed assurances of his distinguished con-
sideration.
JOHN SLIDELL.
His Excellency Manuel de la Pena y Pena,
Minister of Foreign Relations and Government.
No. 8.
Mr. Slidell to Mr. Buchanan.
[Extracts.]
Legation of the United States of America,
MexicOj January 14, 1846.
Lieutenant White, of the Somers, arrived her on the 12th instant
with your despatches, of the 17th ultimo. I had the honor of ad-
dressing you on the 27th and 29th ultimo by the Porpoise. I for-
ward with this duplicate of my despatch of 10th instant, relating
to the disputed payment of instalments of indemnity due 30th
April and 30th July, 1844.
The contest between the military and the government terminated
as I had expected. On the night of the 29ih December the greater
portion of the troops .in garrison here " pronounced'''' in favor of
the revolutionists; one regiment only, that stationed in the palace,
preserved a semblance of fidelity, but it was well known that many
of its officers were disaffected, and on the following day General
Herrera, satisfied that he could make no effectual resistence, re-
signed the Presidency. The ringing of bells and firing of cannon
announced the success of the revolutionists and the overthrow of
the government. When it is recollected that the civil authorities
throughout the country, with the single exception of St. Luis de
Potosij were opposed to the movement of Paredes; that most of
them had made loud protestations of their intention to resist it at
all hazards; that both branches of Congress had unanimously de-
clared their abhorrence of his treachery, and denounced his ^[plan^^
as an undisguised military despotism; and that, after all this war
of manifestoes and resolutions, not a shot has been fired in defence
of constitutional government, you may form some idea * *
On the resignation of Herrera, General Valencia, one of the revo-
lutionists, who, as president of the council of government, by the then
existing constitution, became President ad interim of the republic,
assumed to act in that capacity * * * He invited
Paredes to a conference in the city, which was declined. In the
meantime the troops here, whom he had instigated to revolt, de-
clared their preference for Paredes. He, then, with Almonte,
Tornel, and other leaders of the revolution, proceeded to the head-
quarters of Paredes, where they were given by him to understand
4
50 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
that, having the army in his favor, he intended to organize a new
government in his own way. * * * * #
On the 2d January Paredes entered the capital with his troops,
those already stationed here joining his triumphal march. On the
same day, a junta of military officers, convened by him, met and
established a plan of provisional government, to be administered
by a President elected by a body composed of two notables from
each department. These notables, nominated by Parades, met on
the following evening, and, as you may readily imagine, unani-
mously elected him President, and, on the 4th instant, he took the
oath of office. By the plan of the junta of officers, a constituent
Congress was to be convened, with unlimited powers, for the esta-
blishment of a new government, the mode of election to be an-
nounced within eight days. Before the expiration of the eight
days, the President issued a proclamation, stating that the details
of the organization of the constituent Congress could not be pre-
pared within the limited period, but that they would be promul-
gated as soon as possible. The proclamation is filled with protes-
tations of liberal principles, and of the determination of its author
to retire from public affairs so soon as the organization of the new^
government will permit him to do so. The papers which I have
sent you present the details, into which I do not consider it neces-
sary.to enter, because no safe inference can be drawn, from any of
the published declarations of Paredes, as to his real intentions.
He had given the most earnest assurances of his fidelity to Herrera,
and, after he raised the standard of revolt, had repeatedly, and in
the most solemn manner, declared his fixed intention not to occupy
any place in the government; but all his movements indicate that
his purpose, for several months past, has been to place himself at
the head of affairs without control or limitation. He had success-
fully cajoled the leaders of the revolution into an opposite belief,
and now finds himself strong enough, for the moment at least, to
act without them. They looked upon him as an instrument, and
find him a master. It is thought by many of the best informed
persons here, that the revolution was gotten up chiefly by the
friends of Santa Anna, who are still numerous and influential, and
that, had they not been outwitted by Paredes, the way would soon
have been prepared for his return from exile and restoration to
power.
Paredes has formed a cabinet composed of General Almonte, as
Minister of War; Messrs. Castillo y Lanzas, of Foreign Relations;
Parres, of Hacienda, and Becerra, of Justice, &c. With the ex-
ception of Almonte, they have not hitherto occupied any very
prominent position in public affairs. Mr. Castillo y Lanzas was,
some years since, charge d'affaires at Washington. He is an intel-
ligent and well educated gentleman, and were he permitted to ex-
ercise any control, would, as I have reason to know from free con-
versations with him at a time when he had no idea of being ap-
pointed to his present place, be decidedly favorable to an amica-
ble adjustment of all questions pending between the two govern-
ments. * # # * * *
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 51
I will not hazard any conjecture as to the probable duration of
the power of Paredes. In his recent movements he has manifested
tact and energy. While exercising dictatorial power, he has ab-
stained from all ostentatious display — he has not established him-
self in the national palace, where the Presidents have always re-
sided— he moves about unattended. * # * The
civil authorities throughout the country have generally acquiesced
in the new state of things, but they will be prepared to throw off
the yoke, if they can secure the co-operation of a portion of the
troops. Arista, who commands on the frontier of Texas, is the
only general now openly opposed to Paredes. His command has been
transferred to General de la Vega. * * * * g^^
the greatest difficulty with which Paredes has to contend is in the
state of the finances. Indeed, I do not see where means can pos-
sibly be found to carry on the government. The annual expense
of the army alone exceeds twenty-one millions of dollars, while
the entire net revenue is not more than ten to twelve millions.
The amount of the public debt cannot be ascertained with any de-
gree of precision; but it does not fall much, if at all, short of one
hundred and fifty millions. On a small portion of it partial pay-
ments of interest are occasionally made; frr the balance no provi-
sion whatever is thought of. The best index of the state of Mexi-
can credit is the price of a class of securities, on which the inte-
rest, at the rate of 6 per cent, per annum, had until recently been
paid with some degree of regularity, and for which a part of the
import duties, supposed to be sufficient, had been specially hypo-
thecated. They are now nominally at 25 per cent., but if offered
in any quantity would not command 20 cents on the dollar. While
there is a prospect of war with the United States, no capitalist
will loan money at any rate, however onerous. Every branch of
the revenue is already pledged in advance. The troops must be
paid or they will revolt, and any attempt to reduce the military
establishment would probably be attended with the same result.
******
You will be surprised at the prolongation of my stay in the cap-
ital. During the progress of the revolution the roads were in-
fested by robbers, and scarcely a diligence passed on that to Vera
Cruz without being plundered. Immediately after the entry of
Paredes, I applied verbally, through our consul, to the commandant
general for an escort to Jalapa, but was informed that there were
"no disposable troops on the road. Mr. Castillo took possession of
the department of foreign affairs on the 6th instant, when Mr.
Black, at my request, addressed him a written application for an
escort. Mr. Castillo, on the 8th instant, replied that public order
not having been yet completely restored, the force necessary for
the escort could not be spared, but that it would be given when the
state of political affairs would permit it, of which the consul
should have timely notice. I send copies of these notes, (Nos. 1
and 2.) Nothing has since been heard on this subject. * * * *
I shall not be surprised to receive, in a day or two, notice of the
escort being at my disposition. When received, I shall proceed,
52 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
without delay, to Jalapa. If there be any disposition on the part
of those now in power to reconsider the decision of their prede-
cessors, I feel satisfied that my absence from the capital will tend
rather to accelerate than to retard its manifestation. I learn from
good authority that my notes to Mr. Pena y Pena have been sub-
mitted to the council of governmentj but have not yet been con-
sidered.
I send the letter of Mr. Pena y Peiia, addressed to you, which,
being sealed, I declined forwarding until furnished with a copy.
I have taken the liberty of breaking the seal. You will find the
letter to be a brief summary of his note to me of 20th December.
P. S. — 15th January. Mr. Black has received from Mr. Cas-
tillo notice that an escort will be furnished when required by me.
I shall leave on the I7th instant, accompanied by Mr. Parrott.
[Enclosure No. 1. — Translation.]
Mr. Pena y Pena to Mr. Buchanan.
National Palace,
Mexico^ December 20, 1845.
The undersigned, minister of foreign relations of the Mexican
republic, has the honor, in answer to the note which the honorable
Secretary of State of the United States did him the honor to ad-
dress to him, under date of the 10th of November last, making
known to him the diplomatic mission with which his excellency
the President of the said States had intrusted Mr. John Slidell,
near the government of this republic, to say, that, as the proposi-
tion made to this government by the A^nerican consul on the 13th
of October last, that it should hear the propositions which the gov-
ernment of the United States might make for terminating the dif-
ferences unhappily subsisting between the two republics, was ac-
cepted with the express condition that the person charged to make
those propositions should come invested with powers ad hoc for
that purpose; and, as those which have been conferred upon Mr.
Slidell give him the character of envoy extraordinary and minister
plenipotentiary, to reside in the republic, he cannot be admitted
by this government to perform his mission, inasmuch as, in the ac-
tual state of interruption of the relations between Mexico and the •
United States, it was necessary, before the reception of a minister
of that class, that the questions which have arisen from the events
in Texas should have been settled definitively, in a conciliatory
and honorable manner; to this object, solely and exclusively,
should the mission of Mr. Slidell have been directed; and under
thi« supposition, as distinctly stated, the government of the under-
signed was ready to receive him.
In the note this day addressed to that gentleman, are explained
the reasons on which this refusal is based; and it is also declared
that no variation has taken place in the sentiments expressed by
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 53
the undersigned to the consul of the United States in his confiden-
tial note of the 14th of October last; on the contrary, those senti-
ments are repeated; and he would have the utmost satisfaction in
treating with Mr. Slidell, so soon as he should have presented cre-
dentials which authorize him exclusively to settle the differences
existing between the two countries. If this object could be at-
tained, there would be no inconvenience then in receiving him in
the character of minister resident near the government of the un-
dersigned.
In addressing the present note to the Secretary of State of the
United States, the undersigned, having no doubt that the just mo-
tives which determine his excellency the president not to receive
Mr. Slidell in the character in which he presents himself will be
properly appreciated, seizes this occasion to offer the assurances of
his distinguished consideration.
MANUEL DE LA PENA Y PENA.
Hon. James Buchanan,
Secretary of State of the United States.
No. 9.
Mr. Buchanan to Mr. Slidell.
[Extract.]
Department of State,
Washington, January 20, 1846.
I have the honor to transmit, herewith, your commission as en-
voy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the United
States of America to the Mexican republic, under the appointment
made by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the
Senate.
Your despatches Nos. 2 and 3, under date, respectively, the 30th
November and 17th December, have been received; and I shall
await the arrival of others by the "Porpoise" with much solici-
tude. Should ihe Mexican government, by finally refusing to re-
ceive you, consummate the act of folly and bad faith of which
they have affoided such strong indications, nothing will then re-
main for this government but to take the redress of the wrongs of
its citizens into its own hands.
In the event of such a refusal, the course which you have deter-
mined to pursue is the proper one. You ought, in your own lan-
guage, so to conduct yourself as to throw the whole odium of the
failure of the negotiation upon the Mexican government; point
out, in the most temperate manner, the immediate consequences of
so unheard of a violation of all the usages which govern the inter-
course between civilized nations; and declare your intention to re-
main in Mexico until you can receive instructions adapted to the
exigencies of the case. This sojourn will afford you an honorable
opportunity to watch the course of events, and avail yourself of
54 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
any favorable circumstances which, in the meantime, may occur.
Should a revolution have taken place before the 1st of January, the
day appointed for the meeting of Congress, (an event which you
deemed probable,) or should a change of ministry have been effect-
ed, which you considered almost certain, this delay will enable
you to ascertain the views and wishes of the new government or
administration. The desire of the President is, that you should
conduct yourself with such wisdom and firmness in the crisis, that
the voice of the American people rhall be unanimous in favor of
redressing the wrongs of our much injured and long suffering
claimants.
It would seem to be the desire of the Mexican government to
evade the redress of the real injuries of our citizens, by confining
the negotiation to the adjustment of a pecuniary indemnity for its
imaginary rights over Texas. This cannot be tolerated. The two
subjects must proceed hand in hand; they can never be separated.
It is evidently with the view of thus limiting the negotiation that
the Mexican authorities have been quibbling about the mere form
of your credentials, without ever asking whether you had instruc-
tions and full powers to adjust the Texan boundary. The advice
of the council of government seems to have been dictated by the
same spirit. They do not advise the Mexican government to refuse
to receive you; but, assuming the fact that the government had
agreed to receive a plenipotentiary to treat upon the subject of
Texas alone, they infer that it is not bound to receive an envoy ex-
traordinary and minister plenipotentiary without this limitation.
In the meantime, the President, in anticipation of the final refus-
al of the Mexican government to receive you, has ordered the army
of Texas to advance and take position on the left bank of the Rio
Grande; and has directed that a strong fleet shall be immediately
assembled in the gulf of Mexico. He will thus be prepared to act
•with vigor and promptitude, the moment that Congress shall give
him the authority.
This despatch will not be transmitted to you by the "Mississip-
pi." That vessel will be detained at Pensacola for the purpose of
conveying to you instructions, with the least possible delay, after
-we shall have heard from you by the "Porpoise," and of bringing
you home, in case this shall become necessary.
No. 10.
Mr. Buchanan to Mr. Slidell.
[Extracts.]
Department of State,
Washington, January 28, 1846.
Your despatches, dated the 27th and 29th December last, (erro-
neously numbered 2 and 3, instead of 3 and 4,) were received at
this department on the 23d instant.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 55
After a careful and critical examination of their contents, the
President entirely approves your conduct. The exposure, con-
tained in your reply to the Mexican minister for foreign affairs, of
the evasions and subterfuges of his government in excuse of their
refusal to recognise you as envoy extraordinary and minister pleni-
potentiary of the United States, is so complete as to leave nothing
for me to add upon the subject. It is now, however, morally cer-
tain that the insurrection of Paredes has proved successful, and that
a new administration of some kind or other at this moment controls
that unfortunate country.
The question arises, therefore, what course you should pursue in
this contingency. In my despatch of the 20th instant, I have al-
ready anticipated nearly all that it is necessary to say in answer to
this question. The President is sincerely desirous to preserve
peace with Mexico, Both inclination and policy dictate this
course. Should the Mexican government, however, finally refuse
to receive you, the cup of forbearance will then have been ex-
hausted. Nothing can remain but to take the redress of the inju-
ries to our citizens, and the insults to oar government, into our
own hands. In view of this serious alternative, every honorable
effort should be made before a final rupture. You should wait pa-
tiently for a final decision on the question of your reception, unless
it should be unreasonably protracted, or you should clearly dis-
cover that they are trifling with this government. It is impossible
for any person not upon the spot and conversant with the motives
and movements of the revolutionary government now most pro-
bably existing in Mexico, to give you precise instructions how long
your forbearance ought to continue. Much must necessarily be
left to your own discretion. In general terms, I may say that you
should take care to act with such prudence and firmness that it may
appear manifest to the people of the United States, and to the
world, that a rupture could not be honorably avoided. After this,
should the Mexican governmeHt finally refuse to receive you, then
demand passports from the proper authority, and return to the
United States. It will then become the duty of the President to
submit the whole case to Congress, and call upon the nation to as-
sert its just rights, and avenge its injured honor.
In conclusion, there is one portion of your despatch of the 27th
ultimo on which I shall make a single remark. You seem to con-
sider it indispensable, before the commencement of any negotia-
tion with the Mexican government, that there should be an unqua-
lified retraction of the note of Mr. Pena y Pena to you of the 20th
ultimo. This might be a necessary preliminary, if there had been
no change of government. But in the present probable condition
of affairs, under a new and entirely distinct government, and not
merely a change of administration, such a retraction, however de-
sirable, ought not to interpose an insuperable obstacle to nego-
tiation.
56 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
No. 11.
Mr. Slidell to Mr. Buchanan.
[Extracts.]
Legation of the United States of America,
Jalapttj February 6, 1846.
I reached this place on the 20th ultimo. Since my despatch of
the 14th ultimo, nothing has occurred to indicate the course likely
to be taken by the existing government as to my receptionj but I
think that it will mainly be controlled by the aspect of the Ore-
gon question. Should our difficulties with Great Britain continue
to present a prospect of war with that power, there will be bat a
very faint hope of a change of policy here.
I send you a copy of a communication of Mr. Pena y Pefia to
the council of government, made on the 11th December, inviting
an expression of the opinion of the council on the subject of my
recognition, and suggesting his reasons why 'it should be refused.
This document presents, in the most glaring light, the bad faith of
the late government; and, in connexion vv'ith the statement of Con-
sul Black, accompanying my despatch of 17th December, shows in
the most conclusive manner that, from the moment my arrival was
announced, it Lad determined to avail itself of any pretence, how-
ever frivolous, to refuse a reception, in the hope that, by thus de-
priving its opponents of their chief theme of reproach and agi-
tation, the impending blow would be averted. Mr. Pena y Peila,
after stating to the council substantially the same objections to my
credentials as are embodied in his note to me of 20th December,
gives, as an additional and conclusive reason for their insufficiency,
the fact of my appointment not having been confirmed by the
Senate.
The anxiously expected convocatoria, or edict, of Paredes, call-
ing together the constituent congress, and establishing the mode
of its election, was promulgated on the 27th ultimo. It is, per-
haps, the most singular instrument of the kind that has ever ap-
peared; but its tendency could easily have been anticipated, as it
was known that its preparation was allotted to Lucas Alaman,who
has long been the avowed advocate of monarchical principles.
The electoral machinery is extremely complicated, and has evi-
dently been framed that its complexity might, to a certain extent,
conceal the purpose which it is intended to effect. Ditferent
classes are to be represented, each class having a distinct constitu-
ency, with widely varying qualifications for the right of suffrage.
The assembly has unlimited powers to form a constitution, which
is to take effect without any appeal to the people or the depart-
ments. It is to consist of one hundred and sixty members, one
hundred of whom are to be chosen by land owners, merchants,
manufacturers, proprietors of mines, and members of certain pro-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 57
fessions. The remaining sixty members are to be chosen by the
judiciary, administrative officers, the clergy, and the military. The
constituent body will be extremely limited; the payment of a very
bio-h rate of direct contribution being required for the exercise of
the right of suffrage, and still higher rates are established for the
qualifications of the members of the assembly. It will give to
Parades the power of returning a very large majority of members,
prepared to do anything which he may dictate. The congress is to
meet four months from the date of the convocatoria; nine months
are allowed to form the new constitution. During this interval of
thirteen months, he will, of course, continue to exercise uncon-
trolled power; unless, in the meantime, some discontented generals
succeed in making a counter-revolution. This can only be avoided
by punctual payment of the army, and by carefully abstaining from
the concentration of any large force out of the capital.
Since the accession of Parades, no payments have b^en made,
exceptino- to the troops; none of the civil employees have received
any parfof their salaries; and, as I mentioned in a previous des-
patch, the expenses of the army, alone, greatly exceed the entire
revenue of the country. How this financial difficulty can be over-
come, is a problem not easily solved. It is generally understood
that the current disbursements have been met by the voluntary
contributions of the clergy; but this is a resource which must soon
be exhausted. Loans from domestic or foreign capitalists, in the
present state of affairs, are out of the question. The only expe-
dient yet resorted to for the increase of the revenue, has been the
permission to introduce raw cotton at the rate of ten dollars per
quintal, payable in advance at the moment of receiving the permit.
Much reliance has been placed upon this measure; but, by late
letters from Mexico, I learn that permits had been taken out only
for two thousand quintals.
* * * * * *
By the plan of provisional government of the 3d of January, it
was solemnly declared, that it should be administered in conformity
with existing laws; but an exception was made in favor of such
measures as might be necessary " to preserve the integrity of the
territory;" and, by the decree for the admission of cotton, all
moneys received for the cotton licenses are to be devoted to this
object. This clause (allowing the exercise of extraordinary
powers for the preservation of the integrity of the territory) will
be appealed to in justification of any proceedings, however des-
potic, which Parades may find it expedient to adopt. The mask
of liberal principles has, indeed, been already thrown off. An ar-
bitrary edict, issued by Santa Anna in 1839, abolishing the liberty
of the press, was revived simultaneously with the promulgation of the
convocatoria, and is evidently intended to silence all criticism of its
provisions. Offending editors are to be sent, without trial, to the for-
tresses of San Juan de Ulloa and Acapulco. The feeling of the
small portion of the population who have any opinions on political
subjects, is almost universally opposed to the convocatoria; but,
as few are disposed to incur any risk in announcing or sustaining
58 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
their principles, and there are no means of producing anything
like concert of action, there is little chance of any resistance to
the usurpation of Paredes, unless some of the troops should '•'•pro^
nounce^^ against him. This may well happen; for although the
disaflfection to Herrera was very general in the army, many of the
officers were not well disposed towards Paredes. Some of the re-
giments where this feeling was supposed to exist have been re-
moved from the capital, and great dissatisfaction is said to hare
been manifested by them.
For some time past rumors have been rife of the establishment
of a monarchy, in the person of a foreign prince. Such an idea is
undoubtedly entertained by some of the clergy, and a few other
persons of note in the city of Mexico; but it receives little coun-
tenance in the army, where almost every general indulges aspira-
tions for the presidency, and is universally repudiated in the de-
partments^ Paredes unquestionably wishes to establish a despotic
government; but it is equally certain that he intends to place him-
self at its head. His power is now established (for the time at
least) throughout the country, Arista having surrendered his com-
mand; but the submission of the civil authorities generally is sullen
and unwilling, and can only be maintained by military force.
Yucatan is of course excepted from this remark. She has declared
her absolute separation; and, as she has heretofore successfully re-
sisted all the force that Santa Anna could direct against her, with
resources infinitely superior to any which the existing government
can command, she cannot now fail to maintain her independence.
The minister of foreign aflfairs has acknowledged the reception
of Mr. Black's communication, notifying the revocation of the
powers of Mr. Emilio Voss. I send a copy of his note. No. 3.
*******
P. S. — The mail which has just arrived brings intelligence that
the department of Sinaloa has declared its independence, and that
the garrison of Mazatlan has pronounced against Paredes. This is
an important movement, as Mazatlan is one of the ports that con-
tribute most largely to the revenue, its receipts being inferior only
to those of Vera Cruz.
[Enclosure No. 1. — Translation.]
Department of Foreign Relations,
Government, and Police,
Mexico J December 11, 1845.
I have the honor to submit to the council, through the medium
of your excellency, the documents relative to the appointment of
a commissioner of the government of the United States of America
for the peaceable settlement of the questions at issue between the
two republics.
As you will please to observe to the council, the proposition to
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 59
appoint such a commissioner came spontaneously from the Ameri-
can government, which maue it through the medium of its consul
in Mexico; and our government accepted it, with the declaration
that it did so in order to give a new proof that, even in the midst
of its grievances, and of its firm decision to exact adequate repara-
tion, it neither repelled nor contemned the measure of reason and
peace to which it was invited, so that the proposition, as well as
the acceptance, rested upon the exact and definite understanding
that the commissioner should be appointed ad hoc; that is to say,
for the settlement of the questions of Texas in a pacific and honor-
able manner.
As the council will also see, in the last official communications
among the documents submitted, Mr. John Slidell has arrived in
this capital as commissioner of the United States, but it does not
appear that this gentleman has been appointed by his government
as a minister instructed specially (o treat on the questions of Texas,
but with the general and absolute attributes of an envoy extraordi-
nary and minister plenipotentiary and that he is to reside in that
character near the Mexican government^ in the same manner and
almost in the same words used in accrediting Mr. Wilson Shannon,
.as may be seen by reference to the document on that subject here-
with submitted.
From these facts naturally flow the following reflections:
First. The mission of this commissioner has degenerated sub-
stantially from the class proposed on the part of the United States
and accepted by our government.
Secondly. If this commissioner should be received simply in the
character in which he appears, grounds would justly be aff"orded
for the presumption that the relations between us and the United
States remain free and open; a presumption which would be in
reality most erroneous, and at the same time most injurious to the
dignity and interests of Mexico.
Thirdly. Should he be admitted in the character in which he
presents himself, however explicitly we might protest that he was
received only for the purpose of hearing his peaceful propositions
respecting the affairs of Texas, it would always appear to the whole
world that he had been received as and had been a minister pleni-
potentiary residing near the Mexican republic; and it is evident
that this fact might serve to confuse or to diminish the most clear
and direct protests.
Fourthly. The government of Mexico neither could nor ought to
refuse the invitation given to it on the part of the United States to
hear and deliberate upon peaceful propositions respecting Texas.
In adopting this course, which morality requires, prudence coun-
sels, and the most learned and judicious publicists recommend, the
government observed the principle which they lay down as just
and proper: "As the evil of war is terrible, in the same proportion
are nations called on to reserve to themselves the means of termi-
nating it. It is therefore necessary that they should be able to
send ministers to each other, even in the midst of hostilities^ in
order to make propositions for peace, or tending to diminish the
60 Ex. Doc, No. 60.
fury of arms. * * * It may be stated, as a general
maxim, that the minister of an enemy ought always to be admitted
and heard; that is to say, that war alone, and of itself, is not a
sufficient reason for refusing to hear any proposition which an
enemy may offer," &c. But if this doctrine be just and rational,
so also is it just that the fact of a nation's having assented to hear
propositions of peace made to it by its enemy should not serve as
a means of obscuring its rights and silencing, in that way, the de-
mands of its justice. Such would be the case if Mexico, after as-
senting to receive and hear a commissioner of the United States
who should come to make propositions of peace respecting the de-
partment of Texas, should admit a minister of that nation, absolute
and general, a common plenipotentiary to reside near the Mexican
republic.
Fifthly. It is true that in the- communication addressed to our
President by the President of the United States, it is declared that
the commissioner is informed of the sincere desire of the latter to
restore^ cultivate and strengthen friendship and good correspond-
ence between the two countries; but it is clear that neither this
clause, nor still less the single word restore, is sufficient to give to
Mr. Slidell the special character of commissioner to make proposi-
tions respecting Texas, calculated to establish peace firmly, and to
arrest the evils of war by a definitive settlement. The reason of
this is, that the full powers of such a minister should be adequate
to the business for which he is appointed.
Sixthly. The settlement which the United States seek to effect in
order to attain peace and good correspondence with Mexico, which
have been suspended by the occurrences in Texas, is a point neces-
sarily to be determined before any other whatever; and until that
is terminated entirely and peacefully, it will be impossible to ap-
point and admit an American minister to establish his residence
near the government of Mexico.
Seventhly. Moreover, the President of the United States cannot
appoint ambassadors, nor any other public ministers, nor even con-
suls, except with the consent of the Senate. This is fixed by the
second paragraph of the second section, article second, of their na-
tional constitution. But in the credentials exhibited by Mr. Sli-
dell, this requisite, indispensable to give legality to his mission,
does not appear.
Eighthly. Nor could that requisite have appeared, as Mr. Slidell
was appointed by the President on the 10th of November last,
and Congress did not assemble until the first Monday of the present
month of December, agreeably to the second paragraph of the
fourth section, article first, of the same constitution.
JVinthly, and finally. It is a principle most salutary and natural
that he who is about to treat with another has the right to assure
himself, by inquiries, as to the person and the powers of the indi-
vidual with whom he is to enter into negotiation. And this uni-
versal principle of jurisprudence extends also to affairs between
nation and nation. Hence comes the necessity that every minister
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 61
should present his credentials; and hence his examination and
qualification by the government to which he presents himself.
From all these considerations, the supreme government concludes
that Mr. Slidell is not entitled to be admitted, in the case in ques-
tion, as a commissioner of the government of the United States,
with the object of hearing his propositions, and settling upon them
the affairs of Texas; that it will admit the commissioner whenever
he may present himself in compliance with the conditions wanting
in the credentials, as above mentioned; and that this should be the
answer given to him. The supreme government, however, desiring
to fortify its judgment, in a case of so delicate a nature, by the
opinion of its enlightened council, hopes that this body will, with-
out delay, communicate what it considers proper to be done in the
MANUEL DE LA PENA Y PENA.
No. 12.
Mr. Slidell to Mr. Buckanaji.
Legation of the United States ot America,
JalapUy February 17, 1846.
I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt, on this day, of your
despatch No. 5, dated 20th ultimo.
I send, herewith, duplicate of mine, of 6th instant, w^hich will
place you in possession of the present state of affairs in Mexico.
Intelligence has since been received that the authorities of the de-
partments of Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, Chihuahua, Michoacan, and
Queretaro, have protested, in strong terms, against the usurpation
of Paredes, and, refusing to continue in the exer^-ise of their func-
tions, have dissolved. The government is evidently losing ground,
and the disaffection w'hich is openly manifested in the northern de-
partments is extending itself in every direction. The civil em-
ployees are still without pay; but, what is vastly more important,
the stipend of the troops in the capital is now seven days in arrear,
and there is not a dollar in the treasury. As the Mexican soldier
supplies his own food, the failure to pay him regularly is a much
more serious matter than in armies where a regular commissariat
provides for his daily subsistence. Appearances justify the belief
that Paredes will not be able to sustain himself until the meeting
of the constituent Congress; that his government will perish from
inanition, if from no other cause.
I may, perhaps, have stated too unqualifiedly my opinion that if
a despotism were established, Paredes intended to place himself at
its head.
I send you a copy of the "Tiempo," a journal lately established;
it is conducted by Lucas Alaman, who is reputed to be the most
confidential adviser of Paredes. It contains the confession of faith
62 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
of the monarchist party, and unreservedly advocates the calling of
a foreign prince to the throne. This might be considered conclu-
sive evidence of the views of Paredes, were it not for the exist-
ence of two other ministerial journals, which are strongly opposed
to a monarchyj one of them, indeed, has decided federal tenden-
cies.
I shall anxiously await your definite instructions by the ''Missis-
sippi." The advance of General Taylor's force to the left bank of
the Rio del Norte, and the strengthening our squadron in the gulf,
are wise measures, which may exercise a salutary influence upon
the course of this government.
I have the honor. &c.,
JOHN SLIDELL.
No. 13.
Mr. Slidell to Mr. Buchanan.
[Extracts.]
Legation of the United States of America,
Jalapa, March 1, 1846.
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt, on the 27th
ultimo, of your despatch of the 28ih January, and am highly gratified
to learn that my conduct has been so fully approved by the Presi-
dent and by you.
In conformity with your instructions, I have addressed a note to
the minister of foreign relations, re-submitting the question of my
recognition for final decision. I send you a copy. I have not fixed,
in my note, any precise term for an answer; but I have requested
our consul at Mexico to hand the note, personally, to Mr. Castillo
y Lanzas, and, if he find him disposed to converse upon the sub-
ject, to say to him that I thought it more conciliatory and cour-
teous not to mention it in my official communication, but that, if a
definite and favorable reply were not received by me on the 15th
instant, I should then apply for my passports. This will allow
an entire week for consultation and the preparation of the answer.
Since my despatch of 17th ultimo, an important change has
occurred in the cabinet of Paredes. Almonte has resigned the
Secretaryship of War; his letter of resignation does not assign the
cause, but his friends say that it is on account of his disapproba-
tion of the monarchical tendencies"of Paredes. * *
My note will be presented at the most propitious moment that
could have been selected. All attempts to eflfect a loan have com-
pletely failed. The suspicion of an intention to introduce a foreign
monarch has tended very much to abate the^ clamor against the
United States, and many now begin to look in that direction for
support and protection against European interference.
My letters from Mexico speak confidently of my recognition;
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 63
but there is no safety in reasoning from probabilities or analogies
as to the course of public men in this country. * * *
If, however, I should now be received, I think that my prospects
of successful negotiation will be better than if no obstacles had
been opposed to my recognition in the first instance.
[Eoclosure No. 1.]
Mr. Slidell to Bon J. Castillo y Lanzas.
JalapAj March 1, 1846.
The undersigned, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipoten-
tiary of the United States of America to the Mexican republic,
had the honor, on the eighth day of December last, to address to
his excellency Manuel de la Pena y Peiia, then minister of foreign
relations, a copy of his credentials, with a request that he might
be informed when he would be admitted to present the original to
the President of the Mexican republic. On the 16th December,
the undersigned was informed by Mr. Pena y Pena that difficulties
existed in relation to the tenor of his credentials, which made it
necessary to consult the council of government thereon, and on the
twentieth of the same month, he was advised by Mr. Pena y Pena
that the Mexican government had decided not to recognise him in
his capacity of envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary.
To these communications of the minister of foreign relations the
undersigned replied, under dates of 20th and 24th December,
refuting the reasoning by which the refusal to recognize him was
attempted to be sustained, vindicating the course pursued by his
government, and declaring his intention to proceed to Jalapa, there
to await instructions adapted to an emergency so entirely unlooked
for. He has now received these instructions.
* The President of the United States entirely approves the course
pursued by the undersigned, and the communications by him
addressed to the Mexican government. Had the then existing
government continued in power, as no alternative would have
remained, the undersigned would have been directed to demand his
passports, the President of the United States would have submitted
the whole case to Congress, and called upon the nation to assert
its just rights, and avenge its injured honor.
The destinies of the Mexican republic, however, having since
been committed to other hands, the President is unwilling to take
a course which would inevitably result in war, without making
another effort to avert so great a calamity. He wishes, by exhaust-
ing every honorable means of conciliation, to demonstrate to the
civilized world that, if its peace shall be disturbed, the responsi-
bility must fall upon Mexico alone. He is sincerely desirous to
preserve that peace; but the state of quasi hostility which now
64 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
exists on the part of Mexico is one which is incompatible with t e
dignity and interests of the United States; and it is for the Mex<-aii
government to decide whether it snail give place to friendly nego-
tiation, or lead to an open rupture.
It would be idle to repeat the arguments which the undersigned
had the honor to present in his notes of the 20th and 24th Decem-
ber, above referred to. He has nothing to add to them, but is
instructed again to present them to the consideration of the Presi-
dent ad interim of the Mexican republic, General Mariano Paredes
y Arrillago.
The undersigned begs leave to suggest, most respectfully, to
your excellency, that inasmuch as ample time has been afforded
for the most mature reflection upon the momentous interests
involved in the question of his recognition, as little delay as pos-
sible may occur in notifying him of the final decision of his excel-
lency the President ad interim. He cannot but indulge the hope
that it will be such as to result in the establishment of cordial and
lasting amity between the two republics.
The undersigned avails himself of this opportunity of presenting
to his excellency Don Joaquim Castillo y Lanzas the assurances of
his distinguished consideration.
^ JOHN SLIDELL.
To his Excellency Don Joaquim Castillo y Lanzas,
Minister of Foreign Relations and Government.
Mo. 14.
Mr. Buchanan to Mr. Slidell.
[Extracts.]
Department of State,
Washington^ March 12, 1846.
The duplicate of your despatch No. 6, of the 6th ultimo, and your
despatch No. 7, have been received. In the latter you state that
vou shall anxiously await my definitive instructions by the Mis-
• • • ?5
^''lUs'not deemed necessary to modify the instructions which you
have already received, except in a single particular, and this arises
from the late revolution effected in the government of the Mexican
republic by General Paredes. ^
I am directed by the President to instruct you not to leave that
republic until you shall have made a formal demand to be received
bv the rew government. The government of Paredes came into
existence not by a regular constitutional succession, but in conse-
quence of a military revolution, by which the subsisting constitu-
tional authorities were subverted. It cannot be considered as a
mer- continuance of the government of herrera. On the contrary,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 65
the form of government has been entirely changed, as well as the
high functionaries at the head of the administration. The two go-
vernments are certainly not so identical that the refusal of the one
to receive you ought to be considered conclusive evidence that
such would be the determination of the other. It would be diffi-
cult, on such a presumption, in regard to so feeble and distracted a
country as Mexico, to satisfy the American- people that all had
l)een done which ought to have been done to avoid the necessity of
resorting to hostilities.
On your return to the United States, energetic measures ao-ainst
Mexico would at once be recommended by the President; and
these might fail to obtain the support of Congress, if it could be
asserted that the existing government had not refused to receive
our minister. It would not be a sufRcient answer to such an alle-
gation that the government of Herrara had refused to receive you,
and that you were therefore justified in leaving the country, after
a short delay, because, in the meantime, the government of Parades
-liad not voluntarily offered to reverse the decision of his prede-
cessor.
The President believes that for the purpose of making this de-
jnand, you ought to return to the city of Mexico, if this be practi-
cable consistently with the national honor. It was prudent for
you to leave it iuring the pendency of the late revolution, but this
xeason no longer continues. Under existing circumstances, your
presence there might be productive of the most beneficial conse-
quences.
The time when you shall ask to be received by the government
of Parades is left to your own discretion. The President thinks
this ought to be done speedily, unless good reasons exist to the
contrary. Your demand ought to be couched in strong but respect-
ful language. It can no longer be resisted on the ridiculous pre-
tence that your appointment has not been confirmed by the Senate.
I transmit you, herewith, a sealed letter from the "President of
the United States, accrediting you in your official character, to Gen-
vcral Parades as President ad interim of the Mexican republic. An-,
open copy of the letter is also enclosed, which you will communi-
cate to the minister for foreign affairs, with a request for him to
Jiame a time for you to present the original to the actino- President
in person.
In regard to the time of your departure from the Mexican repub-
lic, the President is willing to extend your discretion. In the pre-
sent distracted condition of that republic, it is impossible for those
{at a distance to decide as correctly- what ought to be your course
in this particular as you can yourself upon the spot. The intelli-
gence which you have communicated, "that the department of
Sinaloa has declared its independence," " that the garrison of Ma-
zatlan has pronounced against Parades," and "that the authorities
of the departments of Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, Chihuahua, Micho-
acan, and Queretaro have protested in strong terms against the
usurpation of Parades, and, refusing to continue in the exercise of
their functions, have dissolved," may well exercise an influence oa
66 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
your decision. Indeed, you suppose that appearances justify the.
belief that Parades will not be able to sustain himself until the
meeting of the constituent congress; that his government will per-
ish from inanition, if from no other cause.
In this critical posture of Mexican affairs, it will be for yourself
to decide the question of the time of your departure according to
events as they may occur. If, after you shall have fulfilled your
instructions, you should indulge a reasonable hope that by con-
tinuing in Mexico you could thus best subserve the interests of
your country, then you ought to remain, provided this can be done
with honor. The President reposes entire confidence in your pa-
triotism and discretion, and knows that no temporary inconveni-
ence to yourself will prevent you from performing your duty. It
may be that, when prepared to take your departure, another revo-
lution might be impending, the result of which would enable you,
by a timely interposition, to accomplish the great objects of your
mission. Besides, in the present distracted condition of Mexico, it is
of importance'that we should have an able and discreet agent in that
country to watch the progress of events, and to communicate infor-
mation on which the department may rely. Jalapa is probably not
go favorable a position for observation as the city of Mexico.
No. 15.
Mr. Slidell to Mr. Buchanan.
[Extracts.]
Legation of the United States of America,
Jalapa^ March 18, 1846.
On the 15th instant I received from the minister of foreign rela-
tions a reply to my communication of the 1st instant, of which you
have already been advised.
It is a peremptory refusal to receive n^e in the capacity of envoy
extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary. I have consequently,
in conformity with your instructions, applied for my passports, and,
so soon as they are received, I shall proceed to Vera Cruz, there to
embark for New Orleans. I send you copies of the note of the
minister of foreign relations, and of my reply.
The state of affairs in this country has not materially varied since
I had the honor of add'ressing you on the 1st instant. The down-
ward course of the Paredes government is continued with accele-
rated speed. I do not think that he can sustain himself until the
period fixed for the meeting of his constituent congress; and I
should not be surprised at his ejection from his usurped power at
a much earlier day. My letters from the capital all concur as to
the extreme precariousness of his tenure of office, and the great
excitement that exists not only there, but throughout the depart-
ments. The apprehension of his intention to introduce an alien
' * ' Ex. Doc. No. m. 67
monarchy has excited the public mind to a degree of which I had
not considered it capable.
I am at a loss whether to ascribe his refusal to receive mdj at a
moment when his position is so critical, to the dread of having the
pretext which he had so successfully used against Herrera employed
against himself, or to a reliance upon foreign intervention. Per-
haps his motive may be a mixed one. *****
As to any changes of rulers in Mexico, I look upon them as a
matter of great indifference. We shall never be able to treat with
her on fair terms until she has been taught to respect us. It cer-
tainly was proper to place us in the strongest, moral position before
our own people and the world, by exhausting every possible means
of conciliation; but here all amicable advances are considered as
indicative either of weakness or treachery. .
The next movement will probably be a "pronunciamento" of the
federal party sustained by a portion of the array. It is said, and
^strange as it may appear) on good authority, that the expelled dic-
tator Santa Anna will be invited to head this liberal movement.
The leading military men are in his favor, and, should he accept
the invitation, he will have little difficulty in putting down Parades.
[Enclosure No. 1. — 'Translation.]
Mr. Castillo y Lanzas to Mr. Slidell.
National Palace, Mexico, March 12, 1846.
The undersigned, minister of foreign relatione and_ goverament
of the republic, has the honor to acknowledge receipt of the note
addressed to him from Jalapa, under date of the 1st instant, by his
excellency John Slidell, appointed minister plenipotentiary and en-
voy extraordinary of the United States of America.
So soon as the said communication was received by the under-
signed, he proceeded to communicate it to his excellency the Pre-
sident ad interim; and* he, after deliberately considering its con-
tents, and maturely meditating upon the business, has seen fit to
order the undersigned to make known to Mr. Slidell, in reply as
he now has the honor of doing, that the Mexican government can-
not receive him as envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentia-
ry to reside near it.
And here the undersigned might terminate his note, if reasons of
great weight did not convince him of the necessity of makino- somie
reflections in this placej not through fear of the comsequences which
may result from this decisive resolve, but through the respect
which he owes to reason and to justice-
It is true that this warlike display with which the American Union
presents herself — by sea, with her squadrons on both coasts* by
•land, with her invading forcei advancing by the northern frontiers-
68 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
at the same time that, By her minister plenipotentiary, propositions
are made for conciliation and accommodation — would be a suffi-
ciently powerful rccison for not listening to them, so long as all
threatening shall not be withdrawn, even to the slightest appear-
ance of hostility. But even this is waived by the government of
the republic, in order that it may in all frankness and loyalty en-
ter into the discussion, relying solely upon reason and facts. A sim-
ple reference to the truth plainly stated, suffices to show the jus-
tice by which Mexico is upheld in the question now under discus-
sion.
The vehement desire of the government of the United States to
extend its already immense territory, at the expense of that of Mex-
ico, has been manifest for many years; and it is beyond all doubt
that, in regard to Texas at least, this has been their firm and con-
stant determination; for it has Ijeen so declared, categorically and
officially by an authorized representative of the Unian, whose as-
sertion, strange and injurious as was its frankness, has neverthe-
less not be6n belied by. the United States.
Putting out of view, now, all the events to which this marked
intent has given rise through a long series of years — events which
have served not only to prove it more strongly, but also to show
that no means, of whatever kind they may be, were to be spared
for its accomplishment — it is sufficient to attend to what occurred
last year. This is the important part to the present cas€.
Considering the time as having come for carrying into effect the
annexation .of Texas, the United States, in union and by agreement
"with their natural allies and adherents in that territory, concerted
the means for the purpose. The project was introduced into the
American Congress. It was at first frustrated, thanks to the pru-
dential considerations, the circumspection, and the wisdom v/ith
AThich the Senate of the Union then proceeded. Nevertheless, the
project was reproduced in the following session, and was then ap-
proved and sanctioned in the form and terms known to the whole
world.
A fact such as this, or, to speak with greater exactness, so nota-
ble an act of ursurpation, created an imperious necessity that Mex-
ico, for her own honor, should repel it with proper firmness and
dignity. The supreme government had beforehand declared that it
would look upon such an act as a casus belli; and, as & conse-
quence of this declaration, negotiation was by its very nature at an
end, and war was the only resource of the Mexican government.
But before it proceeded to recover its outraged rights, proposi-
tions were addressed to it from tie so called President of the re-
public of Texas, which had for their object to enter into an amica-
ble, accommodation upon the basis of her independence; and the
gorernment agreed to hear them, and consented to receive the com-
missioners who with this view were sent to it from Texas.
Moments so precious were not thrown away by the agents of the
United States in Texas. Availing themselves of the statu quo of
Mexico, they so pi'epared matters and directed affairs, that the al-
ready concerted annexation to the American Union should follow
almost immediately.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 69
Thus, this incorporation of a territory which had constituted an
integral part of that of Mexico during the' long period of the Span-
ish dominion, and after her emancipation for so long a term, with-
out any interruption whatever, and which moreover had been re-
cognized and sanctioned by the treaty of limits between tne Mex-
ican republic and the United States of America — this annexation
wa's effected by the reprobated means of violence and fraud.
Civilized nations have beheld with amazement, at this enlightened
and refined epoch, a powerful and well consolidated State, avail-
ing itself of the internal dissensions of a neighboring nation, putting
its vigilance to sleep by protestations of friendship, setting in ac-
tion all manner of springs and artifices, alternately plying intrigue
and violence, and seizing a moment to despoil her of a precious
part of her territory, regardless of the incontrovertible rights of
the most unquestionable ownership, and th^ most uninterrupted
possession.
Here, then, is the true position of the Mexican republic: despoiled,
outraged, contemned, it is now attempted to subject her to a humil-
iating degradation. The sentiment of her own dignity will not
allow her to consent to such ignominy.
After the definite and clear explanations rendered to his excel-
lency .Mr. Slidell, in the note of the 20th, December last, referred
to by him, it is not easy to comprehend how the Executive of the
United States should still think it can find reasons for insisting upon
that which was then refused upon grounds the most conclusive.
The consul of the United States in this capital addressed on the
13th of October to the then minister of foreign relations a confi-
dential note, wherein, referring to what he had previously stated to
the minister in an interview of the same character, he says:
'' At the time of the suspension of the diplomatic relations be-
tween the two countries, General Almonte was assured of the desire
felt by the President to adjust amicably every cause of complaint
between the governments, and to cultivate the kindest and most
friendly relations between the sister republics. He still continues
to be animated by the same sentiments. He desires that all exist-
ing differences should be terminated amicably, by negotiation, and
not by the sword.
" Actuated by these sentiments, the President has directed me to
instruct you, in the absence of any diplomatic agent in Mexico, to
ascertain from the Mexican government whether ih^y would receive
an envoy from the United Svates, entrusted with full power to
adjust all the questions in dispute between the two governments.
Should the answer be in the affirmative, such an envoy will be im-
mediately despatched to Mexico."
To this the piinistry now in the charge of tVe undersigned replied
on the 15th of the same month, " that, although the nation is gravely
offended by that of the United States, by reason of the acts com-
mitted by the latter towards the department of Texas, the property
of the former, my government is disposed to receive the commissioner
who may come from the United States to this capital with full
powers from his government to arrange in a pacific, reasonable, and
70 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
decorous manner^ the present controversy; thereby giving a new-
proof that, even in the midst of injuries, and of its firm determina-
tion to exact the adequate reparation, it does not repel nor despise
the part of reason and of peace to which it is invited by its ad-
versary."
From these extracts it is manifest that it was the firm intention
of the Mexican government to admit only a plenipotentiary from
the United States clothed with powers ad hoc — that is to say, spe-
cial powers to treat upon the question of Texas, and upon this
alone, as preliminary to the renewal of friendly relations between
the two countries, if the result should be such as to admit of their
restoration, and then, but not before, of the reception of an envoy
extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary near the same govern-
ment.
Nor could the government of the republic on that occasion ex-
lend its engagement beyond this: for to admit any person sent by
the United States in the character simply of the ordinary agents
between friendly nations, whilst the grave question of Texas was
still pending, directly and immediately affecting, as it does, the in-
tegrity of the Mexican territory, and the very nationality itself,
would be equivalent to an acknowledgment that this question was
at an end, thus prejudging it without even touching it, and to a
recognition that the relations of friendship and harmony between
the two nations were from that moment in fact re-established.
So very simple a truth is this, that the appointment of an envoy
extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary by the Executive of the
United States, and the subsequent ratification of this appointment,
notwithstanding all that was set forth on the subject by tHe gov-
ernment of Mexico, cause this act to appear as an attempt which
the undesigned does not permit himself to qualify.
If good faith presides, as is to be supposed, over the dispositions
of the" government of the United States, what motive could exist
for so anxiously repelling the indispensable restriction with which
Mexico has acceded to the proposal spontaneously made by the
former 1 If it was really and positively desired to tie up again the
bonds of good understanding and friendship between the two nations,
the way was very easy: the Mexican government offered to admit
the plenipotentiary or commissioner who should come clothed with,
special powers to treat upon the question of Texas.
Upon this point the resolve of the Mexican government is immu-
table. And since in the extreme case it is the rights of the Mexican
nation which will have to be affirmed, for it is her honor which has
been outraged, and which will have to be avenged, her government
will, if this necessity arise, call upon all her citizens to fulfil the
sacred duty of defending their country.
A lover of peace, she would wish to ward off this sad contingency;
and without fearing war, she would desire to avoid so great a
calamity for both countries. For this she has offered herself, and
will continue to offer herself, open to all honorable means of con-
ciliation, and she anxiously desires that the present controversy
may terminate in a reasonable and decorous manner.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 71
In the actual state of things, to say that Mexico iinaintains a posi-
tion of quasi hostility with respect to the United States, is to add a
new offence to her previous injuries. Her attitude is one of de-
fence, because she sees herself unjustly attacked; because a portion
of her territory is occupied by the forces of a nation intent, with-
out any right whatever, to possess itself of it; because her ports are
threatened by the squadrons of the same power. Under such cir-
cumstances, is she to remain inactive, witbpout taking measures suited
to so rigorous an emergency?
It is then not upon Mexico, seeing iier present state, that it de-
Tolves to decide if the issue shall be a friendly negotiation or an
open rupture. It is long since her interests have made this neces-
sary, and her dignity has demanded it; but in the hope of an accom-
modation at once honorable and pacific, she has silenced the clamor
of these imperious exigencies.
It follows that, if war should finally become inevitable, and if in
consequence of this war the peace of the civilized world should be
disturbed, the responsibility will not fall on Mexico. It will all
rest upon the United States; to" them will the whole of it belong.
Not upon Mexico, who, with a generosity unequalled admitted the
American citizens who wished to colonize in Taxes, but upon the
United States, who, bent upon possessing themselves, early or late,
of that territory, encouraged emigration thither with that view, in
order that, in due time, its inhabitants, converting themselves from
/?olonists into its masters, should claim the country as their own,
for the purpose of transferring it to the United States. Not upon
Mexico, who, having in due season protested against so enormous
a transgression, wished to remove all cause for controversy and hos-
tilities, but upon the United States, who, to the scandal of the
world, and in manifest violation of treaties, gave protection and aid
to, those guilty of a rebellion so iniquitous. Not upon Mexico, who,
in the midst even of injuries so great and so repeated, has shown
herself disposed to admit propositions for conciliation, but upon
the United States, who, pretending sincerely to desire a friendly
nnd honorable accommodation, have belied by their acts the sin-
cerity of their words". Finally, not upon Mexico, who, putting out
of view her own dearest interests, through her deference for peace,
has entertained as long as was wished, the propositions which, with
this view, might be made to her, but upon the United States, who,
hy frivolous pretexts, evade the conclusion of such ait arrangement,
proposing peace at the very moment when they are causing their
squadrons and their troops to advance upon the ports and frontiers
of Mexico, exacting a humiliation impossible to be submitted to, in
order to find a pretext, if no reason can be- found, which may occa-
sion the breaking out of hostilities.
It is, therefore, upon the United States, and not upon Mexico,
that it devolves to determine in the alternative presented by Mr.
Slidell-^that is, between a friendly negotiation and an open
rupture.
The undersigned doubts not that he makes his excellency Mr.
Slidell sensible that, in view of what is set forth in the present
72 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
note, the Mexican government trusts that the Executive of the-
United States, in coming to the determination which it shall deem.
proper, will act with the deliberation and mature consideration de-
manded by the exceedingly grave interests involved in this very
ihorny question.
The Mexican government, preparing for war, should circum- «
stances require it, will keep alive its flattering hope that peace
will not be disturbed on the new continent; and in making this
declaration in the face of the world, it emphatically disclaims all
responsibility for the evils which may attend a struggle which it
has not provoked, and which it has made every effort to avoid.
In communicating all this (by order of his government) to his
excellency John Slidell, the undersigned avails himself of the op-
portunity to offer to him the assurance of his very distinguished
consideration.
J. M. DE CASTILLO Y LANZAS.
His Excellency John Slidell.
[Enclosure No. 2.]
Mr. Slidell to Mr. Castillo.
Jalapa, March 17, 1846.
The undersigned, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipoten-
tiary of the LTnited States of Amerrca, has the honor to acknowl-
edge the receipt of the note of your excellency of the 12th instant^
by which he is informed that the Mexican government cannot re-
ceive him in his capacity of envoy extraordinary and minister
plenipotentiary, to reside near that government.
As it is the intention of the undersigned, in conformity with his
instructions, to return to the United States with the least possible
delay, embarking at Vera Cruz, he has now to request that he may-
be furnished with the necessary passports, which he will await at
this place.
As your excellency has advanced no new arguments in support
of the refusal to receive the undersigned as envoy extraordinary
and minister plenipotentiary, he will abstain from commenting
upon that portion of the note of your excellency which, with a
mere difference of phraseology, presents substantially the same rea-
soning as that urged by Mr. Pefia y Pefia in his note of the 20th.
December last; but he cannot permit, by his sileme, the inference
which would naturally be implied, of his assent to the correctness
Df the statements made by your excellency in relation to the ques-
tion of Texas, and to the general course of policy which is so
gratuitously ascribed to the government of the United States. la
the review of these statements, which it becomes his duty to make,
he will strive to preserve that calmness of tone and reserve of lan-
guage which is most Consistent with the consciousness of right, and
the power to vindicate it, if necessary, and of which he regrets to
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 73
find that your excellency has not given him the example. The
United States can confidently appeal to the history of the events
of the last twenty years as affording the most conclusive refutation
of the charges of usurpation, violence, fraud, artifice, intrigue, and
bad faith, so lavishly scattered through the note of your excel-
lency.
It has never been pretended th^t the scheme of colonization of
the territory of Texas, by citizens of the United States, was sug-
gested by their government. It was in conformity with a policy
deliberately adopted by that of Mexico, and she must accus'e her-
self alone for results which the slightest foresight must have anti-
cipated, from the introduction of a population whose character,
habits, and opinions were so widely divergent from those of the
people with whom it was attempted to amalgamate them. There is
no ground for the assertion that " the United States, profiting by
the generosity with which their citizens had been invited to Texas^
and resolved, sooner or later, to take possession of that territory,
encouraged emigration thither, with the view that its inhabitants,
changing the character of colonists for that of masters, should
seize upon the territory for the purpose of transferring it to the
United States." It is true that no obstacles to this emigration
were interposed by them, for it has ever been one of the most
cherished articles of the political creed of the American people,
that every citizen has the absolute and uncontrollable right to
divest himself of his allegiance, and to seek, if he think proper, the
advancement of his fortunes in foreign lands. Stimulated by the
gratuitous allotment of lands to emigrants, and by the similarity,
approaching, with the exception of religious tolerance, almost to
identity, of the political institutions of the Mexican republic to
those under wh'ch they had been reared, the population of Texas
soon attained a developement that authorized the demand of a
privilege which had been solemnly guarantied to them by the con-
stitution of 1824 — admission into the Mexican union as a separate
State. A convention was held, and a State constitution formed, in
conformity with the provisions of the fundamental compact of
1824. It was presented to the general congress, with a petition to
be admitted into the union; the application was rejected, and the
delegate imprisoned. Soon after, the constitutional congress of
Mexico was dissolved by military force; the same arbitrary power
convened a new congress, by which the federal constitution was
abrogated, and a consolidated or central government established in
it§ stead. Texas, as she had an unquestionable right to do, refused
to acknowledge the authority of a government which had been im-
posed upon the other States by a successful military usurpation.
The compact which had bound her to the Mexican republic was
dissolved; and, an abortive effort having been made to reduce her
to subjection, she, on the 3d of March, 1836, declared herself an
independent republic, and nobly sustained that declaration on the
battle field of San Jacinto, by the complete defeat and destruction
of a numerous and well appointed army, commanded by the presi-
dent of the Mexican republic in person. She then demanded the
74 , ' Ex. Doc. No. 60.
recognition of her independence, and asked to be annexed to the
United States. The language of President Jackson, in a commu-
nication by him addressed to Congress on the subject, affords a
striking illustration of the good faith and forbearance towards
Mexico which has ever characterized the conduct of the United
States. He advised that no change should be made in the attitude
of the United States, " if not until Mexico herself, or one of the
great foreign powers, should recognise the independence of the
new government, at least until the lapse of time, or course of
events, should have proved, beyond cavil or dispute, the ability of
the people of Texas to maintain their sovereignty, or to uphold
the government constituted by them." These overtures on the
part of Texas were pending for several years, but were not enter-
tained by the government of the United States until the period had
arrived when, in the language of President Jackson, above quoted,
the lapse of time and course of events had proved, beyond cavil or
dispute, The ability of her people to maintain her separate sove-
reignty. Her independence must be considered as a settled fact,
which cannot be called in question. Nearly four years since, Mr.
Webster, then Secretary of State, in a despatch to the minister of
the United States at Mexico, said: " From the time of the battle
of San Jacinto, in April, 1836, to the present moment, Texas has
exhibited the same external signs of national independence as
Mexico herself, and with quite as much stability of government.
Practically free and independent; acknowledged as a political sove-
reignty by the principal powers of the world; no hostile foot find-
ing rest within her territory for six or seven years; and Mexico
herself refraining for all that period from any further attempt to
re-establish her own authority over the territory;" three addi-
tional years of inaction on the part of Mexico elapsed, before the
final action of the United States upon the question of annexation,
with the assent of the same Senate whose prudence, circumspec-
tion, and wisdom, your excellency so justly eulogizes. And if
any additional sanction could have been required to a measure so
evidently just and proper, it has been afforded by Mexico herself,
who, through her minister of foreign affairs, Mr. Cuevas, au-
thorized by the national Congress, on the 19th of May last, de-
clared: "The supreme government receives the four articles above
mentioned as the preliminaries of a formal and definitive treaty;
and, further, that it is disposed to commence the negotiation as
Texas may desire, and to receive the commissioners which she
raiay name for the purpose." The first condition was, "Mexico
consents to acknowledge the independence of Texas." True it is,
that, by the second condition, Texas engaged that she would stipu-
late in the treaty not to annex herself, or become subject, to any
country whatever. When it is recollected that this preliminary
arrangement was made through the intervention of the ministers of
Great Britain and France, consequent upon the passage of the act
of annexation, it cannot be denied that it was intended to apply
solely to the United States; and that, while Mexico acknowledged
her inability to contest the independence of Texas, and was pre-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 75
pared to abandon all her pretensions to that territory, she was in-
duced to make this tardy and reluctant recognition — not by any
abatement of her hostile sentiments towards her (so called) rebel-
lious subjects, but in the hope of gratifying her unfriendly feel-
ings against the United States.
The undersigned cannot but express his unfeigned surprise that,
in the face of this incontrovertible evidence that Mexico had aban-
doned all intention or even hope of ever re-establishing her au-
thority over any portion of Texas, your excellency should have as-
serted that " Texas had been an integral part of Mexico, not only
during the long period of Spanish dominion, but since its emanci-
pation, without any interruption whatever during so long a space
of time;" and, again, that "the United States had despoiled Mexico
of a valuable portion of her territory, regardless of the incontro-
vertible rights of the most unquestionable property, and of the
most constant possession.^'' How weak must be the cause which
can only be sustained by assertions so inconsistent with facts that
are notorious to all the world; and how unfounded are all these
vehement declamations against the usurpations and thirst for terri-
torial aggrandizement of the United States! The independence of
Texas, then, being a fact conceded by Mexico herself, she had no
right to prescribe restrictions as to the form of government Texas
might choose to assume, nor can she justly complain, that Texas,
with a wise appreciation of her true interests, has thought proper
to merge her sovereignty in that of the United States.
The Mexican government cannot shift the responsibility of war
upon the United States, by assuming that they are the aggressorfe^ A
plain, unanswerable fact responds to all the subtleties and sophis-
tries by which it is attempted to obscure the real question; that
fact is,, the presence in Mexico of a minister of the United States,
clothed with full power to settle all the questions in dispute be-
tween the two nations, and among them that of Texas. Their com-
plaints are mutual; the consideration of them cannot be separated;
and they must be settled by the same negotiation, or by the arbi-
trament which Mexico herself has elected. With what reason
does Mexico attribute to the United States the desire of finding a
pretext to commence hostilities'? The appearance of a few ships
of war on the Mexican coasts, and the, advance of a small military
force to the frontier of Texas, are cited as evidence that the de-
clarations of a desire to preserve peace are insincere. Surely it
cannot be necessary to remind your excellency that the menaces of
war have all proceeded from Mexico; and it would seem that the
-elevation to power of its actual government, was too recent to have
afForded-your excellency time to forget the ostensible reasons for
which that which preceded it was overthrown. The crime imputed
to the then president — a crime so odious as to justify his forcible
expulsion from the presidency, to which he had been but a feW
months previous elected with -unparalleled unanimity, and in ac-
cordance wnth all the forms of the constitution— was that of not hav-
ing prosecuted the war against Texas, or, in other words, against
the United States — a crime, of which the enormity was aggravated
76 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
in a ten-fold degree, by his having accepted the proposal of the
United States to negotiate. To suppose that the present govern-
ment has not always intended, and does not still intend, vigorously
to prosecute an offensive war against the United States, would be
to insinuate the degrading charge of making declarations which it
did not design to fulfil, wnth the unwortlfy motive of supplanting
a rival.
With these avowed intentions on the part of Mexico, and, so far
as words can constitute war, that state actually existing, with what
fairness can she complain of precautions having been taken by the
United States to guard against the attacks with which they have
been menaced; so far at least as their very moderate peace estab-
lishment would permit them to do so? Are they patiently and
meekly to abide the time when Mexico shall be prepared to strike^
with due effect, the threatened blow?
Your excellency has alluded to the internal dissensions of Mexi-
co, and accused the United States " of taking advantage of them^
beguiling its vigilance by protestations of friendship, bringing into
play every kind of device and artifice, and appealing alternately
to intrigue and violence." Were the disposition of the United
States such as your excellency is pleased to attribute to them, they
would have eagerly availed themselves of the opportunity afforded
by the first refusal to receive the urfdersigned; and certainly no
moment more propitious than the present to carry their ambitious
schemes into effect could have been selected. Instead of availing
themselves of it, they have, with a degree of forbearance that by
many, perhaps by most impartial observers, will be considered hu-
miliating, repeated the overtures for negotiation which had been
rejected under circumstances the best calculated to offend national
pride; and this most conciliatory advance, made by the aggrieved
party, is said by your excellency to be an attempt which he cannot
permit himself to call by its proper name, (una tentativa que el
infrascrito no se permite calificar.) This reserve is remarkable,
when contrasted with the terms of vituperation so freely employed
in other parts of the note: or is it that your excellency could dis-
cover no epithet sufficiently energetic to stigmatize an offence so
enormous as a renewed proposition to enter upon negotiations'?
The undersigned has already exceeded the limits which he had
prescribed to himself for reply. The question has now reached a
point where words must give place to acts. While he deeply re-
grets a result so little contemplated when he commenced the duties
of his mission of peace, h-^ is consoled T3y the reflection that no
honorable efforts to avert the calamities of war have been spared
by his government, and that the^e efforts cannot fail to be properly
appreciated, not only by the people of the United States, but by
the world.
Tiie undersigned begs leave to renew to his excellency Don J.
M. de Castillo y Lanzas the assurances of his distinguished consi*
deration. o
JOHN SLIDELL.
His Excellency Don J. M. de Castillo y Lanzas,
inister of Foreign Relations and Government.
Ex. Doc. No. 50. 77
No. 16.
Mr. Slidell to Mr. Buchanan.
[Extracts.]
Legation of the United States of America,
Jalap a, March 27, 1846.
I expected to ha^ve received my passports, by the mail of this
day, as an order to furnish me an escort was forwarded to the com-
snanding general at this place by the mail which reached here on
the 24th instant, and the fact of their having been issued had been
announced in the journals of the capital. They have not appeared,
and, as I have no letters' from our consul, I am induced to believe
that, from some misapprehension, they have been forwarded to Vera
Cruz. I shall accordingly proceed thither to morrow,, embarking
immediately for the Balize, if my anticipation be correct; if not, I
shall remain there until I have heard something definitive on the
subject.
Letters from Mazatlan of the 4th instant state that Captain Fre-
mont, with his corps of observation, arrived at Suter's settlement,
on the Sacramento, early in January. He is said to have disco-
vered a good wagon road to Oregon, which is much shorter than
any heretofore travelled. He has gone to Monterey, in Upper Ca-
lifornia, leaving his corps on the Sacramento.
I am informed that the council "of government has been deliber-
ating on the question of issuing " patentas de corso," or letters of
marque, in anticipation of hostilities with the United States. I do
not learn that any final decision was made.
Parres, the Secretary of Hacienda, has resigned; everything in-
dicates a speedy breaking up of Paredes' government; several jour-
nals openly advocate the return of Santa Anna, and his restoration
to power. The failure of Paredes to enforce against the editors
his menaces of deportation to San Juan de Ulloa, or Acapulco,
aflfords the best evidence of his weakness. He wants the power,
not the will.
General Almonte has been appointed minister to Great Britain,
* * *■* * * # *
Letters by the mall of to-day state that Paredes has found him-
self at last compelled to come out with a proclamation denying the
intention cf establishing a monarchy which have been charged
against him; that the document had already been printed, but raj
informant could not procure a copy.
78 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
No. 17.
fMr. Slidell to Mr. Buchanan.
[Extracts.]
United States Ship Mississippi,
^i Sea, April 2, 1846.
I last had the honor of addressiiig you, on the 27th ultimo, from
Jalapa. My passports had, as I,supgosed, gone to Vera Cruz, al-
though they were directed to me at Jalapa.
I send a copy of Mr. Castillo y Lanzas's note accompanying the
passports. You will observe from its date*, that, with a promptness
very unusual in Mexican councils, they were transmitted by the
first mail after the reception of ray note of 17th March.
* • * * * * * # *
The notes of Mr. Castillo y Lanzas will give you a correct idea,
of the temper of the Paredes government; and although it will pro-
hably soon be replaced by another, we have no reason to expect a
change of tone towards us until 'Mexico shall have been made to
feel our strength.
• General Almonte had reached Jalapa, on his way to Vera Cruz,
there to embark in the British steamer.
* * * * * * * * *:
I send you a paper containing the manifesto of Paredes, of which
I made mention in my last. It professes to present his views of
the difficulties with the United States, and in relation to the form,
of government. As to the latter, it will be seen, on a critical ex-
amination, that it is far from being satisfactory. It merely affirms
that hp is in favor of a republican government, until the constituent
congress shall have decided the question; that his preferences are
for a republic, but if what he assumes will be an expression-of the
national will shall pronounce differently, he is prepared to obey it.
But we know, from recent experience, what reliance is to be placed
on the declarations of Parades. * * * *
The manifesto declares that until the national congress shall have
considered the question, no act of aggression will be committed
against the United States by the Mexican government, but that it
will repel any that may be offered by them. This declarationy
however, under existing circumstances, even if made in good faithj
leaves a wide range of discretion; for the advance of our troops to
the bpnks of the Rio del Norte cam at any time be made a ground
for commencing hostilities. * * a. * *
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 79
[Enclosure No. 1.]
Mr. Castillo y Lanzas to Mr, Slidell. .
[Translation.]
National Palace,
Mexico, March 21, 1846.
The undersigned, minister of foreign relations and government,
has the honor to acknowledge the receipt of the note which his ex-
cellency John Slidell, appointed envoy extraordinary and minister
plenipotentiary of the United States, was pleased to address to hirp,
•under date of the 17th instant, from the city of Jalapa.
As it appears that Mr. Slidell, in this communication, merely
reproduces arguments and historical reasons which have been pre-
viously presented by other diplomatic agents of the United States
in this country, and have been repeatedly refuted victoriously by
the Mexican government, it would be unnecessary for the under-
signed to undertake anew the useless task of entering into an ex-
amination of the said reasons and arguments.
And as Mr. Slidell is, moreover, agreeably to instructions from
his government, about to return to the United States, and he asks
that passports be delivered to him to that effect, the undersigned
has the honor to enclose them to his excellency, in compliance
with the orders of his excellency the acting president of the re-**
public.
The undersigned at the same time avails himself of the opportu-
nity to renew to his excellency Mr. Slidell the assurances of hi&
distinguished consideration.
' ■ J. M. DE CASTILLO Y LANZAS. .
His Excellency John Slidell.
ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS TO GENERAL TAYLOR, FROM MAY 28 IS-ld-
TO MARCH 2, 1846.
[Confidential.]
War Department, May 28, 1845.
Sir: I am directed by the President to cause the forces now un-
der your command, and those which may be assigned to it, to be
put into a position where they may most promptly and efficiently
act in defence of Texas, in the event it shall become necessary or
proper to employ them for that purpose. The information received
by the Executive of the United States warrants the belief that
Texas will shortly accede to the terms of annexation. As soon as
the Texan congress shall have given its consent to annexation, and
a convention shall assemble and accept the terms offered in the
resolutions of congress, Texas will then be regarded by the execu-
tive government here so far a part of the United States as to be en-
80 Ex. Doc. No. 60. ^
titled from this government to defence and protection from foreign
invasion and Jndian incursions. The troops under your command
will be placed and kept in readiness to perform this duly.
In the letter addressed to you from the adjutant general's office,
of the 21st of March, you were instructed to hold a portion of the
troops under your immediate command in readiness to move into
Texas under certain contingencies, and upon further orders from
this department. In the treaty between the United States and
Mexico, the two governments mutually stipulated to use all the
means in their power to maintain peace and harmony among the
Indian nations inhabiting the lands on their borders; and to re-
strain by force any hostilities and incursions by these nations with-
in their respective boundaries, so that the one would not suffer the
Indians within its limits to attack, in any manner whatever, the
citizens of the other, or the Indians residing upon the territories of
the other. (See the 33d article, a copy of which is herewith trans-
mitted.) The obligations which in this respect are due to Mexico
ty this treaty, are due also to Texas. Should the Indians residing
within the limits of the United States, either by themselves, or as-
sociated with others, attempt any hostile movement in regard to
Texas, it will be your duty to employ the troops under your com-
mand to repel and chastise them j and for this purpose you will
give the necessary instructions to the military posts on the upper
Red river, (although not under your immediate command,) and,
"with the approbation of the Texan authorities, make such move-
ments, and take such position, within the limits of Texas, as in
your judgment may be necessa-ry. You are also directed to open
immediate correspondence with the authorities of Texas, and with
any diplomatic agent of the United States, (if one should be resid-
ing thf-rein,) with a view to information and advice in respect to
the common Indian enemy, as well as to any foreign power. This
coraraunication and consultation with the Texan authorities, &c.,
are directed with a view to enable you to avail yourself of the
superior local knowledge they may possess, but not for the pur-
pose of placing you, or any portion of the forces of the United
States, under the orders of any functionary not in the regular line
of command above you.
Should the territories of Texas be invaded by a foreign power,
and you shall receive certain intelligence through her functionaries
of that fact, after her convention shall have acceded to the terms
of annexation contained in the resolutions of the Congress of the
United States, you will at once employ, in the most effective manner
your judgment may dictate, the forces under your command, for
the defence of these territories, and to expel the invaders.
It is supposed here that, for the mere purpose of repelling a com-
mon Indian enemy, as above provided for, it may not be necessary
that you should march across the Sabine or upper Red river (at
least in the first instance) with more than the particular troops
•which you were desired in the instructions before referred to, of the
21st March, to hold in immediate readiness for the field, but it is
not intended to restrict you positively to that particular amount of
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 81
force. On the contrary, according to the etDor:?^ency, you may aJd
any other corps, or any number of companies within your department,
deemed necessary, beginning with those nearest at hand; and in the
contingency of a foreign invasion of Texas, as above specified,
other regiments from a distance may be ordered to report to you.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
WM. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
General Z. Taylor,
Fort Jesup, Louisiana.
[Confidential.]
War Department, June 15, 1845.
Sir: On the 4th day of July next, or very soon thereafter, the
convention of the people of Texas will probably accept the propo-
sition of annexation, under the joint resolutions of the late Con-
gress of the United States. That acceptance will constitute Texas
an integral portion of our country.
In anticipation of that event, you will forthwith make a forward
movement with the troops under your command, and advance to the
mouth of the Sabine, or to such ottier point on the gulf of Mexico, or
its navigable waters, as in your judgment may be most convenient
for an embarkation at the proper time for the western frontier of
Texas.
In leaving to your judgment to decide the route, it is intended
that you choose the most expeditious, having due regard to the
health and efficiency of the troops, on reaching the point of desti-
nation.
The force under your immediate command, at and near Fort
Jesup, to be put in motion on the receipt of these instructions, will
be the 3d and 4th regiments of infantry, and seven companies of the
2d regiment of dragoons. The two absent companies of the 4th
infantry have been ordered to join their regiments. Artillery will
be ordered from New Orleans.
It is understood that suitable forage for cavalry cannot be ob-
tained in the region which the troops are to occupy; if this be so,
the dragoons must leave their horses and serve as riflemen. But it
is possible that horses of the country, accustomed to subsist on
meagre forage, may be procured, if it be found necessary. You will
therefore take the precaution to order a portion of the cavalry
equipments to accompany the regiment, with a view to mounted
service.
The point of your ultimate destination is the western frontier of
Texas, where you will select and occupy, on or near the Rio
Grande del Norte, such a site as will consist with the health
©f the troops, and will be best adapted to repel invasion, and
to protect what, in the event of annexation, will be our
western border. You will limit yourself to the defence of the ter-
6
82 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
..jitory of Texas, unless Mexico should declare war against the
IJri?*^^ States.
Your movement to the g^tllf of Mexico, and your' preparations to
embark for the western frontier of Texas, are to be made without
^^y ^elay; but you will not effect a landing QV. tl^^t frontier until
you have yourself ascertained the due acceptance of Texas ot lu^
proffered terms of annexation, or until you receive directions from
-^r- Donelson.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEORGE BANCROFT.
To Brigadier General Z. Taylor,
U. S. ^rmyj com' g 1st dep^t, Fort Jesup, La.
P. S. — The revenue cutters Spencer and Woodbury have heem
placed, by the Treasury Department, at the disposition of Mr. Don-
elson.
War Department, July 8, 1845
Sir: This department is informed that Mexico has some mili j^rr
establishments on the east side of the Rio Grande, which arf , ^nd
for some time have been, in the actual occupancy of her tro' ^pg^ j^
carrying out the instructions heretofore received, you will [jg care-
ful to avoid any acts of aggression, unless an actual str^^g ^^ ^^^
should exist. The Mexican forces at the posts in their possession
and which have been so, will not be disturbed as long ^g j-j^g rela-
tions of peace between the United States and Mexic o^continue.
WM. L. MARCY.
Brigadier General Z. Taylor.
War Department,
Washington, July 30, 1845.
Sir: Your letter, from New Orl'eans, of the 20th instant, ad-
dressed to the Adjutant General, has been received and laid before
the President, and he desires me to express to you his approval of
jour movements.
He has not the requisite information in regard to the country to
enable him to give any positive directions as to the position you
ought to take, or the movements which it may be expedient
to make. These must be governed by circumstances. While avoid-
ing, as you have been instructed to do, all aggressive measures to-
wards Mexico, as long as the relations of peace exist between that
republic and the United States, you are expected to occupy, protect
and defend the territory of Texas to the extent that it has been oc-
cupied by the people of Texas. The Rio Grande is claimed to be
the boundary between the two countries, and up to this boundary
you are to extend your protection, only excepting any posts on the
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 83
eastern side thereof, which are in the actual occupancy of Mexican
forces, or Mexican settlements over which the republic of Texas
did not exercise jurisdiction at the period of annexation, or shortly
before that event. It is expected that, in selecting the establishment
for your troops, you will approach as near the boundary line, the Rio
Grande, as prudence will dictate. With this view, the President
desires that your position, for a part of your forces at least, should
be west of the river Nueces.
You are directed to ascertain and communicate to this depart-
ment the number of Mexican troops now at Matamoras, and the
other Mexican posts along the border, their position, the condition
of them, and particularly the measures taken or contemplated to
increase or strengthen them. If you should have any reason to
Relieve that the government of Mexico is concentrating forces on
the boundaries of the two countries, you will not only act with
reference to such a state of things, but give the earliest informa-
tion to this department.
Very respectfully, &c.,
, WM. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Brig. Gen. Z. Taylor,
Commanding the army of occupation in Texas.
War Department,
Adjutant GeneraPs Office, Washington, August 6, 1845,
General: Pursuant to the instructions of the Secretary of War,
the 7th regiment of infantry has been ordered to join the army
under your command in Texas, and the three companies of the 2d
dragoons at Fort Washita are also under orders to proceed to
Austin without delay, with instructions to report to you on their
arrival.
Although a state of war with Mexico, or an invasion of Texas-
by her forces, may not take place, it is nevertheless deemed proper
and necessary that your force should be fully equal to meet, with
the certainty of success, any crisis which may arise in Texas, and
which would require you, by force of arms, to carry out the in-
structions of the government.
I am instructed by the Secretary of War to request you to learn
from the authorities of Texas what auxiliary forces, volunteers,
&c., could be placed at your disposal in case any additional troops
may be needed; and how soon they would be able to take the field
upon any emergency. I am also instructed to say, that for such
procedure on your part the requisite authority is now conferred.
A copy of a communication addressed to the Texan authorities
touching the subject, by the State Department, is herewith trans-
mitted for your information.
Such auxiliary volunteer force from Texas, when events, not
now revealed, may justify their employment, will be organized and
84 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
mustered under your orders, and be received into the service of the
United States when actually required in the field to repel invasion,
actual or menaced, and not before. In organizing these forces, you
will of course follow the regulations prescribed in cases when de-
tachments of militia from the States and Territories are called into
the service of the United States. It should be understood that, as
yet, no provision exists by law for the payment of such forces, but
appropriations for thrtt purpose will doubtless be made by Con-
gress. They will be furnished with rations v/hile in actual service,
as the other troops under your command. The amount and descrip-
tion of the force to be mustered into the service of the United
States is left to your determination, and, of course, to be regulated
by circumstances.
In view of further precautionary measures, I am instructed by
the Secretary of War to learn from you, at the earliest date, what
other force and munitions (judging from any information you may
possess as to the future exigencies of the public service) you deem
it necessary to be sent to Texas; that is to say, what additional
troops, designating the arms of the service; what supply and de-
scription of ordnance and ordnance stores, small arms, &c.
It is deemed expedient to establish in Texas one or more depots
of ordnance and other supplies, for which purpose you w-ill please
report the proper points to be occupied. Orders have already been
issued to send 10,000 muskets and 1,000 rifles into Texas. They
will be shipped for Galveston, subject to your orders on their
arrival, as to the proper place of deposite, which of course should
be with reference to convenience and accessibility in case they be
required for the public use. Should these arms be put into the hands
of the volunteers and auxiliary troops, you will please observe all
needful precaution, so that they be returned to the United States on
the discharge of the troops from the public service.
Officers of the corps of engineers, topographical engineers, and
ordnance, have been ordered to Texas, with instructions to report
to you without delay.
''General order," No. 37, dated the 5th instant, was forwarded
to you by the lust mail.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. JONES,
Jidjutant General.
Brig. Gen. Z. Taylor,
Commanding U. S. forces in Texas, bay of Aransas.
War Department,
Washington, August 23, 1845.
Sir: The Information hitherto received as to the intentions of
Mexico and the measures she may adopt, does not enable the ad-
ministration here to give you more explicit instructions in regard
to your movements than those which have been already forwarded
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 85
to yqu. There Is reason to believe that Mexico is making efforts
to assemble a large army on the frontier of Texas, for the purpose
of entering its territory and holding forcible possession of it. Of
their movements your are doubtless advised, and we trust have
taken, or early vs^ill take, prompt and efficient steps to meet and
repel any such hostile incursion. Should Mexico assemble a large
body of troops on the Rio Grande, and cross it with a considerable
force, such a movement must be regarded as an invasion of the
United States and the commencement of hostilities. You will, of
course, use all the authority which has been or may be given you
to meet such a state of things. Texas must be protected from hos-
tile invasion, and for that purpose you will of course employ to
the utmost extent ail the means you possess or can command.
An order has been this day issued for sending one thousand more
men into Texas to join those under your command. When the ex-
isting orders are carried into effect, you will have with you a force
of four thousand men of the regular army. We are not enabled
to judge what auxiliary force can, upon an emergency, be brought
together from Texas, and as a precautionary measure you are au-
thorized to accept volunteers from the States of Louisiana and
Alabama, and even from Mississippi, Tennessee, and Kentucky.
Should Mexico declare war, or commence hostilities by crossing
the Rio Grande with a considerable force, you are instructed to
lose no time in giving information to the authorities of each or any
of the above mentioned States as to the number of volunteers you
may want from them respectively. Should you require troops
from any of these States, it would be important to have them with
the least possible delay. It is not doubted that at least two regi-
ments from New Orleans and one from Mobile could be obtained
and expeditiously brought into the field. You will cause it to be
known at these places what number and description of troops you
desire to receive from them in the contemplated emergency. The
authorities af these States will be apprized that you are authorized
to receive volunteers from them, and you may calculate that they
will promptly join you when it is made known that their services
are required. Arms, ammunition, and camp equipage for the
auxiliary troops that you may require, will be sent forward sub-
ject to your orders. You will so dispose of them as to be most
available in case they should be needed, at the ssme time with a
due regard to their safety and preservation. Orders have been is-
sued to the naval force on the gulf of Mexico to co-operate with
you. You will, as far as practicable, hold communication with the
commanders of our national vessels in your vicinity, and avail
yourself of any assistance that can be derived from their co-operation.
The Lexington is ordered into service as a transport ship, and will
sail in a few days from New York with a detachment of United
States troops for Corpus Christi. She will be employed as the
exigency of the public service may require. In order to keep up
a proper communication between the army in Texas and the United
States, the On-ka-hy-e, the Harney, and the Dolphin will be put
into service, as soon as they can be made ready, as despatch vessels
to convey intelligence, supplies, &c. You will avail yourself of
86 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
these vessels, and all other proper means, to keep the government
here advised of your operations, and of the state of things in Texas
and Mexico.
I have the honor to be, with great respect, yours,
WM. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
General Z. Taylor.
[Sent to the quartermaster at New Orleans.]
War Department,
Washington^ August 2b ^ 1845.
Sir: General Taylor, to w^hom has been committed the command
of the army of occupation in Texas, is authorized to draw any
auxiliary force he may need from Texas. If such aid should be
•wanted, it is not doubted that the patriotic citizens of that State
will rally to his assistance with alacrity, in sufficient numbers to
enable him, in conjunction with United States troops, to repel the
invasion of Texas by Mexico, should it be attempted. Though
our information as to the force Mexico may bring into the field lor
such a purpose is not very accurate, yet there is reason to appre-
hend that it is more numerous than that under the command of
General Taylor; and may, perhaps, exceed his effective force when
augmented with the auxiliary aid he may derive from Texas. Be-
sides, he may need additional troops to a greater number, and
sooner than they can be furnished him from that State. Should he
need assistance from your State, he is directed to signify to you
the number and description of troops he may deem necessary to
receive as volunteers into service. Relying upon the zeal and pub-
lic spirit of the gallant militia of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louis-
iana, the governme) t here do not doubt that he will be promptly
furnished with such and so many as he may express a desire to
have mustered into the service of the United States; and it has the
most perfect reliance upon your countenance and co-operation in
organizing and sending into Texas such a valunteer force from your
State as he may desire. It is necessarily left to his judgment to
designate the number. It is proper to observe, that the emergency
rendering such assistance from the militia of your State necessary,
does not appear to have been foreseen by Congress, and conse-
quently no appropriation was made for paying them; but it is
not to be doubled that such a provision will be promptly made
when Congress shall again assemble. In order to be paid, the
State troops must be mustered into service. In organizing compa-
nies and regiments for that purpose, the number of officers must be
proportioned to that of the privates. Enclosed I send you, from
the Adjutant General, a statement of the number and rank of offi-
cers for each company of men, as well as the regimental and staff
officers, should a regiment of volunteers be called for. From the
Ex. Doc. No, 60. 87
knnwn patriotism an(1 military arclor of the militia of your State,
.4^- is presumed that volunteers to the number that "may be required
■will reailily tender their services to their country in the contem-
plated emergency. Should aid from your State be required by
the commanding general in Texas, it will be of the utmost impor-
tance that the troops should be sent into that State without delay.
This consideration will render it proper that they should come
from such part of the State as can most promptly furnish them.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
WM. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
His Excellency Benjamin Fitzpatrick,
Governor of Jilahama^ Tuscaloosa^ Alabama.
His Excellency A. G. Brown,
Governor of Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi.
His Excellency Alexander Mouton,
Governor of Louisiana, JVew Orleans, Louisiana.
Letters were also addressed on the 28th of the same month, to
the governors of Tennessee and Kentucky, on the same subject,
and in the same words as the above.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, August 26, 1845.
General: I am instructed by the Secretary of War to say, it is
very desirable that you should keep the department informed of
the state of the service on the Texan frontiers, and the situation
of the army under your command, by every opportunity which may
offer. Official information, at short intervals, is now the more ne-
cessary, as the country is filled with rumors of the movement of
Mexican troops in direction of your head-quarters, as also of mat-
ters in relation to our own service. But, however exaggerated
these reports may be, we cannot, for want of official tidings, un-
dertake to correct what we have good reason to believe not to be
true. You are requested, therefore, to write, if but a single line,
by almost every vessel which may sail from near your head-quar-
ters for New Orleans.
Your last letter, received August 11th, is dated from Aransas
Bay, July 28th, and to-night's mail brings letters and papers of
the 19th from New Orleans, wath news from Aransas Bay, and the
mouth of the Rio Grande, of August 12th.
I send you general orders No. 41, of yesterday's date, giving you
more troops, which I hope you will not need before their arrival.
I am, general, with great respect, your obedient servant,
R. JONES, Adg't. General.
General Taylor,
Commanding, 8j'c.,the army of occupation.
€8 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
War Department,
Washington J August 30, 1845.
Sir: Only 'one letter has been received from you since you en-
tered Texas, and that was written the day after you arrived at
Aransas bay. Permit me to urge upon you the importance of
availing yourself of every opportunity of communicating with this
department. It is desirable to have early and correct information
from you, to enable the government to form a true judgment of
the designs and movements of Mexico, founded on ascertained
facts. It is presumed that, in pursuance of previous instructions
from this department, you have taken special pains to become ac-
quainted with the proceedings of Mexico, particularly in regard
•to the number, and kind, of Mexican troops at Matamoras, Mon-
terey, and other places, as well as those which are on the march
towards them, and may be brought to act against your forces, or
pushed across tlie Rio Grande, either in the vicinity of Matamoras
or at distant points in that river. You will not, I trust, underrate
the importance of such information, or fail to use the proper and
necessary means for acquiring it. You are directed, should you
. deem it expedient, to employ competent and trustworthy persons
to obtain such intelligence.
The instructions, heretofore issued, enjoin upon you to defend
Texas from invasion and Indian hostilities; and, should Mexico in-
vade it, you will employ all your forces to repulse the invaders,
and drive all Mexican troops beyond the Rio Grande. Should you
Judge the forces under your command inadequate, you will not fail
to d^aw sufficient auxiliary aid from Texas; and, if there be need,
from the States, pursuant to your previous instructions. It is not
to be doubted that, on 'your notification, volunteer troops, to the
number you may require, will rally .with alacrity to your standard.
You have been advised that the assembling a large Mexican army
on the borders of Texas, and crossing the Rio Grande with a con-
siderable force, will be regarded by the Executive here as an inva-
sion of the United States, and the commencement of hostilities. An
attempt to cross that river with such a force, will also be consid-
ered in the same light. There may be other acts on the part of
Mexico which would put an end to the relations of peace between
that republic and the tlnited States. Should depredations be com-
mitted on our commerce by her public armed vessels, or privateers,
acting under her authority, this will constitute a state of war.
Orders have been issued to the vessels of the United States in
the gulf, to furnish you with information of any hostile proceedings
of Mexico, and the state of things in that republic. You will em-
trace every occasion that may present, to forward to the com-
manders of these vessels such intelligence as you may possess,
concerning the movements of the military forces, and the state of
things in Mexico and Texas, and to suggest to them such assist-
ance and co-operation as you may desire to receive.
In case of war, either declared or made manifest by hostile acts,
your main object will be the protection of Texas; but the pursuit
of this object will not necessarily confTne your action within the
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 89
territory of Texas. Mexico having thus commenced hostilities,
you may, in your discretion, should you have sufficient force, and
be in a condition to do so, cross, the Rio Grande, disperse or cap-
ture the forces assembling to invade Texas, defeat the junction of
troops uniting for that purpose, drive them from their positions on
either side of that river, and, if deemed practicable and expedient,
take, and hold possession of, Matamoras and other places in the
country. I scarcely need to say, that enterprises of this kind are
only to be ventured on under circumstances presenting a fair pros-
pect of su.ccess.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
WM. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Brigadier Gen. Z. Taylor.
Commanding the U. S. army in Texas.
P. S. — Herewith you will find a copy of the order of the Navy
Department to Commodore Connor.
War Department,
Washington^ October 16, 1845.
Sir: The information which we have here, renders it probable
that no serious attempts will, at present, be made by Mexico to
invade Texas, although she continues to threaten incursions. Pre-
vious instructions will have put you in possession of the views of
the government of the United States, not only as to the extent of
its territorial claims, but of its determination to assert them. In
carrying out these instructions, you will be left very much to your
own judgment, by reason of your superior knowledge of localities,
and the earlier notice you may receive of the probable views of
Mexico, and the movements of her troops.
On the supposition that no active operations on your part will
be required during the approaching winter, an important question
to be decided is the position or positions to be occupied by your
forces. This must be determined mainly with reference to the
objects for which the army under your command was sent into
Texas. You will approach as near the western boundary of Texas
(the Rio Grande) as circumstances w^ill permit; having reference
to reasonable security; to accommodations for putting your troops
into winter huts, if deemed necessary; to the facility and certainty
of procuring or receiving supplies; and to checking any attempted
incursions by the Mexican forces or the Indian tribes. Ought
your present position to be changed? the forces which are, or soon
will be, assembled under your command, be kept together or
divided? and, if divided, what positions are to be taken, and how
are they to be divided? These are questions which must be in a
measure left to your judgment, or. at least, the decision upon
them here, if there be time, will be influenced in no inconsiderable
degree by the information and views which you may furnish the
90 Ex. Doc. No _^
department. You need not, theref
Washington, to carry out what ye ore, wait for directions from.
Upon all the points above enum- u may deem proper to be done,
your reports and views in full ? erated, and others not suggested,
to the continuance of the pr •''e desired, not only with reference
United States and Mexico, br esent aspect of affairs between the
or being directed to take. -'t in the contingency of your selecting,
Grande near its mouth, c ) ^ position on the banks of the Rio
open hostilities. It is f '' places above, or even in the event of
and topographical corr -xpected that the officers of the engineer
examine, as far as prr .^^j who have been sent into Texas, will
with a view to seler :^cticabJe, under your direction, the country,
porary occupation .^^"§ eligible positions for permanent or tern-
war. It is extre' ? lor depots of supplies, arms, and munitions of
part of it which ^e 7 desirable that the sea coast, or at least that
of any contemr , T'V ^^^.^^^ely to be visited by our vessels in aid
here than it n ^.^^ military operations, should be better known
which may r °^ ^^> l^ ^^^^ ^^ the character of the several rivers
furnish faci^ .'resent obstacles to the movements of our forces, or
avail your , '^^^ ^^' transporting supplies. You are requested to
possess, t "In ? • P^^P^r. occasions, and employ the means you
forward • ?^[^^^ information in regard to all these matters, and
y- it to this department.
iTery respectfully, your obedient servant,
WM. L. MARCY,
T> • T /-, , ^ rr. Secretary of War.
Brigadier General Z. Taylor, *^
Commanding army of occupation in Texas.
War Department,
Washington, January 13, 1846.
Sir: I am directed by the President to instruct you to advancer
and occupy, with the troops under your command, positions on or
near the east bank of the Rio del Norte, as soon as it can be con-
veniently done with reference to the season and the routes by
which your m''jvements must be made. From the views heretofore
presented to this department, it is presumed Point Isabel will be
considered by you an eligible position. This point, or some one
near it.^ and points opposite Matamoras and Mier, and in the vicinity
01 -Ijaredoj are suggested for your consideration; but you are left
""j your better knowledge to determine the post or posts which you
are to occupy, as well as the question of dividing your forces with
a view to occupying two or more positions.
In the positions you may take in carrying, out these instructions
and other movements that may be made, the use of the Rio del
Norte may be very convenient, if not necessary. Should you„
attempt to exercise the right which the United States have in com-
mon with Mexico to the free navigation of this river, it is probable
that Mexico would interpose resistance. You will not attemp'c to
enforce this right without further instructions.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 91
You are requested to report to this department, without delay,
what means you may require, if any, beyond those you now pos-
sess, to enforce and maintain our common right to navigate this
river, as well as your views of the importance of this right in the
defence and protection of the State of Texas.
It is not designed, in our present relations with Mexico, that
you should treat her as an enemy; but, should she assume that
character by a declaration of war, or any open act of hostility
towards us, you will not act merely on the defensive, if your rela-
tive means enable you to' do otherwise.
Since instructions were given you to draw aid from Texas, in
case you should deem it necessary, the relations between that State
and the United States have undergone some modification. Texas
is now fully incorporated into our union of States, and you are
hereby authorized by the President to make a requisition upon the
executive of that State for such of its militia force as may be
needed to repel invasion or to secure the country against appre-
hended invasion.
I have the honor to be, with great respect, your obedient
servant,
WM. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
brigadier General Z. Taylor.
War Department,
Washington^ January 20, 1846.
Sir: You will perceive by a letter which has been addressed to
General Taylor, commanding the United States troops in your
State, a copy of which I send to you herewith, that the President
has authorized him, in case of hostilities between the United States
and Mexico, and an invasion or threatened invasion of your State,
to make a requisition for such militia force as in a possible state of
things may be required from Texas.
By the request of the President I hereby apprise you of the
directions which have been given to General Taylor, and express
to you the confidence here entertained, that, should he make a
requisition, it will be promptly responded to.
WM. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
-His Excellency James Henderson,
Governor of the State of Texas.
92 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
[Extracts.]
War Department,
Washington^ March 2^ 1846.
Sir: Your letter of the 7th ultimo, addressed to the adjutant
general, with accompanying documents, marked Nos. 1 and 2, has
been submitted to the President for his consideration.
* ^ ''<■■ ■IP ^ ^ 4p ^ IF
It is very desirable that you should use all the means at your
command to acquire the most full and accurate information in rela-
tion not only to the military movements in the northern provinces
of Mexico, but to the feelings and disposition of the people ia
them towards the present government, and to keep us advised
thereof. It is the settled determination of the United States, in
every possible event, to protect private property, to respect per-
sonal rights, and to abstain from all interference in religious mat-
ters. Upon these points you will give the most ample assurances,
and improve every occasion that may arise to furnish proof of the
good faith with which these assurances are made. If, in the course
of events, you should have occasion to enter Mexico, it would be
proper to quiet all apprehensions, so far as it can be done, by a
public proclamation that the rights of property, persons, and re-
ligion, will be respected. Particular care should be taken not to
alarm the religious feelings of the Mexicans.
At this time, we have no information direct from Mexico so late
as that contained in the extra of the Corpus Christi Gazette of
the 12th of February. Though this is not of a character to com-
mand much confidence, yet it may not be prudent wholly to disre-
gard it. You cannot fail to have timely notice of the approach of
any considerable Alexican forcej and, in that event, will promptly
and efficiently use the authority with which you are clothed to call
to y( u such auxiliary forces as you may need. The governor of
Texas has been notified that you are authorized by the President
to make a requisition on him for troops, and it is not doubted that
he will promptly respond to any call you may make for that pur-
pose.
Your advance to the Rio del Norte will bring you, as a matter
of course, nearer to your assailants in case of hostilities, and at
the same time remove you to a greater distance f(om the region
from which auxiliary aid can be drawn. This consideration will
naturally induce you to take more than ordinary care to be in a
safe position, and prepared to sustain yourself against any assault.
I make this suggestion because I am not sure that you will have
such co-operation on the part of our naval force as you may ex-
pect. The government has not such a vessel as you desire; but
one or two, best suited to the service, have been ordered to the
Texan coast. The Flirt, which has the least draught — eight or
nine feet — is not of much efficiency. She carries not more than
four guns. The Somers or Porpoise, brigs of ten guns, and draw-
ing thirteen or fourteen feet of water, will be ordered to report to
and co-operate with you^ but it is not probable that either of them,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 93
or the Flirt, will be on the coast to attend your advance movement.
You cannot calculate upon any assistance from them for two or
three weeks to come.* Nothing herein contained is intended to
revoke or modify the instructions heretofore given for aggressive
operations on your part under the circumstances therein specified.
WM. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
To Brig. Gen. Z. Taylor,
Commanding U. S. army in Texas.
LETTERS FROM THE ADJUTANT GENERAL TO GENERAL TAYLOR.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington^ September 13, 1845.
General: Your communications of the 29th and 30th ultimo,
■with accompanying " orders" 3 and 4, and " special orders" 5 and 6,
have this day been received.
Your notice of the unwarrantable disclosure of the countersign
to a person not entitled to it, by an officer of the camp, on the
night of the 28th of August, and admonitory remarks on the occa-
sion, it is hoped may have the desired effect; but an offence of so
grave a nature, for which the martial code provides the severest
punishment, would seem to have called for an investigation by a
general court martial.
The concentration of so large a portion of the army at Corpus
Christi may afford you the opportunity, while resting upon your
arms, of practising a regular system of field and camp instruction,
according to the strictest principles and rules of the service; and
this I am instructed by the Secretary of War to say is the wish and
expectation of the President. The general-in-chief does not doubt
that all laid down in the general regulations, under the heads of
"guards," "troops in campaign," "daily details and duties," and
all other duties comprehended in the terms discipline^ police^ in-
spection^ Sec, you will cause to be scrupulously observed by every
corps and regiment, and all the officers and men under your com-
mand.
To perfect the organization of your staff, I am directed to say
that you will please to appoint an acting inspector general for the
army under your command, who should be an active, experienced
field officer, a good disciplinarian, and one who will minutely ob-
serve and enforce the regulations and rules of the service.
You will please to see that the regulations which establish the
^^ dress^^ of the army be duly observed by every officer; and as the
troops under your command will be organized, and, it may be pre-
sumed, will move only in battalions, regiments, brigades, or divi-
sion, the excuses for their non-observance during the Florida ser-
• The naval force did attend the movement of the army, and rendered assistance pursuant
to general orders before issued from the Navy Department.
94 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
vice (in many instances nnavoidable) will not, in the army of oc-
cupation, be so readily admitted.
I send herewith a copy of the estimated strength of the regular
force ordered to Texas, prepared early in the month for the Sec-
retary of War and the commanding general. The aggregate is-
4,336, from which, as you will see, some three hundred are deducted
on account of the various casualties incident to the service. This
reduction would make the army of occupation, when all the troops
en route shall have arrived, about 4,000.
No return of your command has yet been received for the month
of July, which, I suppose, may have been unavoidably delayed or
miscarried. While on the subject of "monthly returns" and "re-
ports," I respectfully refer you to paragraph 823, &c., of the army
regulations.
The battalion of the 4th infantry, drawn from Fort Scott, ap-
pears to have been greatly delayed in its movement from St. Louis
(where it arrived the 30th of July) to Corpus Christi, being nearly
a month. The only report from the commander, Brevet Major-
Graham, is dated on board the steamer, August 3d, being then,
thirty-five miles above the mouth of the Ohio. What detention be
may have met with in New Orleans is not known, nor has the dayr
been reported when he joined the army of occupation. For the^
information of the War Department and the general-in-chief, yott;
are requested to inquire into the cause or causes of the (apparently)
extraordinary slow progress of the two companies, after their arri-
val at St. Louis.
I send herewith, by direction of the Secretary of War, for your
information, a copy of his letter of instructions to Brevet Major*-
General Gaines, commanding the western division, of this date.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. JONES, Adjutant General.
To Brig. Gen. Z. Taylor,
Commanding army of occupation^ Corpus Christi^ Texas.
Note. — Since writing the above. Captain Page's report of the
28th ultimo has been received, by which it is seen that Brevet Ma-
jor Graham's command reached the army in Texas the 26th of Au-
gust.
R. J.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington^ September 16, 1845.
General: The two companies of volunteer artillerists, mustered
into the service by General Gaines, which were so unexpectedly
sent to you by that officer from New Orleans, it is inferred from
your despatch of the 26th August, will scarcely be longer required ■
in your camp. If this be so, I am instructed by the Secretary of.
War to say that you will please cause them to be honorably dis-
charged from the army, and sent home again to mingle with their-
. Ex. Doc. No. 60. 95
friends a
had so nd relatives, from whom a sense of duty to their country
Jt i suddenly separated them.
^j^g ' iS understood that the United States schooner "On-kahy-e'^
e been ordered to ply regularly between Aransas bay and the city
J, , Mobile; by which conveyance your despatches would, ordinarily,
/each Washington one day sooner, it is said, than via New Orleass.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. JONES, Adjutant General.
Brig. Gen. Z. Taylor,
Commanding army of occupation^ Corpus Christi, Texas.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, December 24, 1845.
General: I have the honor to inform you that, on the 16th in-
stant, the United States steamer "Colonel Harney" was ordered to
be transferred from the Navy to the War Department, and that
measures have been taken by the quartermaster's department to
place her at your disposal, for the purpose of keeping up prompt
and regular communication between New Orleans and the army at
Corpus Christi. It is hoped that this arrangement will fully meet
your views on the subject, as communicated in your letter of No-
vember 8, (No. 32,) and which I acknowledged on the 11th in-
stant.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R'. JONES, Adjutant General.
Brig. General Z. Taylor,
Commanding army of occupation. Corpus Christi, Texas.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, February 26, 1846.
General: The Secretary of the Navy has despatched the sloop
of war St. Mary's, with orders to be "put in communication with
the army in Texas." I understand that the St. Mary's draws six-
teen or seventeen feet, and I fear, therefore, she will not be suita-
ble for the service, for which you require the presence of "a small
armed vessel." I have communicated my opinion to the Secretary
of War and Secretary of the Navy.
N I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
f^^: . .,..^ j^ JONES, Adjutant General.
Brig. General Z. Taylor,
Commanding army of occupation. Corpus Christi, Texas.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, March 3, 1846.
Sir: Herewith I enclose you a copy of a letter from the Secretary
«f the Navy to the Secretary of War, dated the 2d instant, by
96 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
which you will perceive that, since my letter of the 26th tltimo,
informing you that the sloop of War "St. Mary's" has beea or-
dered to be "put into communication with the army in Texas,"
two small vessels (the "Somers" and "Flirt") have been directed
to "co-operate with the army in Texas."
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. JONES, Adjutant General.
Brevet Brig. General Z. Taylor,
Commanding army of occupation^ Corpus Christi, Texas.
[Extract.]
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, April 8, 1846.
General: All the disposable recruits for the general service from
New York and Newport, Ky., are en route for your army, which you
will please to assign on their arrival to such regiments and compa-
nies as you may judge best. I regret to say that the number will
but little exceed 200; to which 100 may be added at New Orleans
from the regimental depots — in all, over 300 men. Every exertioa
has been made to push the recruiting service, but results show it has
fallen off for several months past. Even in New York, where,
usually, a large number are recruited, but few have entered; and at
Albany, another good station, but one man enlisted in March.
* # ******
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. JONES,
Adjutant General.
Brevet Brigadier General Z. Taylor,
Comm^dg army of Texas, Point Isabel, Texas.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, April 20, 1846.
Generae: Since my last acknowledgment of the 31st ultimo, the
following despatches and orders have been received from your
headquarters, viz:
Despatches, numbered from 22 to 25, inclusive;
" Orders,'''' from number 32 to 36, inclusive; and
" Special orders,'''^ number 38.
Your despatch No. 16, and special orders No. 17, are still want-
ing to complete the series.
On the subject of recruits, required to fill the regiments in Texas,
and to which you refer in your despatch of the 29th of March, I
.respectfully refer you to ray letter of the 8th instant, which in-
formed you that about 300 were en route for the army under your
command, being every man that could be collected.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 97
On the 18th, orders were despatched to send you four companies
of the 1st infantry, from Jefferson barracks, without delay, with a
field officer to command the battalion.
This battalion will not be less than 250 strong, as the two re-
maining companies of the 1st infantry, at Jefferson barracks, have
been broken up, and all the privates, except six, transferred to the
marching companies to fill them up. The overplus will be attached
as supernumeraries until the passage of the law to increase the rank
and file, when they will be permanently incorporated with the four
companies now ordered to Texas.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. JONES,
Adjutant General.
Brevet Brigadier General Z. Taylor,
Commanding army of occupation.
Camp opposite Mat amor as , Texas.
DESPATCHES FROM GENERAL TAYLOR TO THE ADJUTANT GENERAL
Head-quarters, 1st Military Department,
iN'ew Orleans, La., July 20, 1845.
Sir: I respectfully acknowledge your communication of July 8,
covering the instructions of the Secretary of War of the same date,
relative to the Mexican settlements on this side of the Rio Grande.
Those instructions will be closely obeyed; and the department may
rest assured that I will take no step to interrupt the friendly rela-
tions between the United States and Mexico. I am gratified at re-
ceiving these instructions, as they confirm my views, previously
communicated, in regard to the proper line to be occupied at
present by our troops.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. A., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, D. C.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Steamship Alabama, Ara^isas Pass, Texas, July 28, 1845.
Sir: I respectfully report my arrival at this place on the 25th
instant, with eight companies of the 3d infantry, it having been
found necessary to leave two companies of that regiment, to be
brought over in other transports.
The troops are temporarily established on St. Joseph's island. I
am waiting the report of a boat expedition sent to Corpus Christi
bay before I determine on the site of an encampment. I hope to
receive the necessary information in the course of the dav, when I
7
98 JO Ex.i^oj^i^o,,iof),,r^
shall immediatelyvCOJiiipQence |.h6. r^m^yal jof th^e 34,in/antry to the
poiiit' selected. The "position'win 'probabty jbe,.'/ Xive Oak Point/'
in Aransas bay, some ten miles f^om pur present .position. I am
very anxious to establish myself at tbe mputh of the'Nueces, but
the extreme shoalness of the. water will, rfear, pr^esent an insuper-
able obstacle, unless we can' procure lighters of . much lighter
draught than those we have at 'present.'^ _' \
The difficulties of effecting a debarkation on this coast, and of
establishing depots for supplying the army, are mucb greater than
I anticipated, and will render our operatiQiis at once embarrassing
and expensive. Between Pass Cayallo and Brazos Santiago, there
is no entrance for vessels drawing mPre than seven or eight feet;
and the prevailing winds render the operation of lightening ex-
tremely uncertain and hazardous. W^e h^ve been favored with fine
weather, and, should it continue^ jhe other transports, which may
now be expected, will, be enabled. to'-di'scharg6 without difficulty.
We had a very favorable run from New ©rlearis; and I am happy
to state that the health of the command was greatly improved by
the voyage. The eight companies have scarcely any sickness at
this time. , , .,^ ..,,..,. ,,.,,„-, ,. .
The day before leaving New Orleans, I received from Major
Donelson a communication d.atecl. at Austin, on the 7th of July, in-
forming, me that the convention had .unanimously accepted the pro-
position of annexation, and suggesting that two companies should
be posted at Austin, I still deeni it best to confcerttrate my force
until our relations with Mexico shall become settled, and until the
country can be examined, and the .best mode of supply ascertained.
I hear nothing important froto the Mexican frdntifef. Some In-
dian depredations are committed from 'tini'e to time near Corpus
Christi, and will claim my first attention after I can get established.
I am, sir, very. respectfiillyj your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. A.^ commanding !
The Adjutant: Ge,neb.aL- o/" ^Ae Arrrcy^ '' '^ ' ' ^ '
, ,iv. a. yjr. i .A Washington, D. C.
■ Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Corpus Christi, Texas, August 15, 1845.
Sir: I have the honor to report that, by New Orleans papers of
the 7th instant, I have received ititeliigeneei ^^f the preparatory
steps. taken by Mexico towarcfs a- d^eJcl^ration of ':^war against the
United States. I shall spare, nOj-e^xertiopSf^q, meet suitably this
probable change in the relations Jjetwejenj^he. two countries; and
the additional force ordered to jpjn mf,-a^ ann^punced in your com-
munication of July 30, will, i trust, enabl.e me. to do something
more than maintain a iverely d€ifensive attitude on the Nueces.
This will depend upon the demonstrations made by Mexico along
the Rio Grande, in regard to which the Secretary of War has so-
licited a report. I am CAablet^ tqiSay,,uppn infpripation which is
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 99
regarded as authentic, that General Arista was to leave Monterey
on the 4th of this month for Matamoras with 1,500 men — 500 being
cavalry. I learn, from the same source, that there are 500 regular*
troops at Matamoras, In regard to the force at other points on the
Rio Grandq, except the militia of the country, I have no informa-
tion; nor do I hear that the reported concentration at Matamoras
is for any purpose of invasion. I have but just arrived at this
place, and hope in a few days to be able to obtain more full and
precise intelligence concerning the movements of the Mexicans.
I shall not fail to communicate promptly to the department -all
such intelligence upon which I think reliance can be placed.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. A.., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army.,
Washington) D. C.
P. S.— I enclose a sketch, prepared by Lieutenant Eaton, of
Aransias and Corpus Christi bays, showing our intended depot, and
also our present position — Fort Marcy.
Z. T.
" ■'"'' Head-quarters, Army of Occupation, '
Corpus Christi^ Texas ^ August 15, 1845.
Sir: I have deferred, perhaps, too long making a report of my j
operations,since arriving on this coast; but I have been unwilling
to speak only of difficulties attending the establishment of my force*
and such and so many have been those difficulties, that not until
this moment have I been able to report anything satisfactory in regard
to our movements. After a careful examination — for the most part
personal — of Aransas and Corpus Christi bays, I have settled upon
this point west of the Nueces river, as the most favorable for present
occupation, and have pushed forward the troops and supplies as
rapidly as our means of transportation would permit. I am now
enabled to report that the artillery, the 3d infantry, and seven com-
panies of the 4th infantry, are in position here^ well supplied with
ammunition and provisions. One more company of the 4th (left
temporarily at St. Joseph's island) will join in a day or two. Some
works of defence are in progress; and if I succeed in procuring
some light guns from the sloop of war St. Mary's, (for the field bat-
tery has not yet arrived,) I shall feel able to maintain my position
against any Mexican force that may be brought against it. The
arrival of Graham's companies of the 4th, of the 2d dragoons, and
7th infantry, will doubtless enable me to assume an offensive atti-
tude should it become expedient.
Our last mail (which was saved with difficulty from the wreck of
a schooner on the 13th instant) brought your communications of
July 28 and 30; the latter enclosing a letter from the Secretary of
100 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
War of the same date. I am gratified to find that my measures
thus far have met the approbat'on of the government and general-
in-chief, and, particularly, to find that I have but anticipated the
wishes of the President in taking up a position west of the Nueces.
I have determined to establish my depot, for the present, on the
point of St. Joseph's island, whence supplies can be thrown either
into Corpus Christi or Aransas bay, as may become necessary. Ow-
ing to the shoalness of the water between the two bays, the trans-
portation of troops and supplies has been attended with much de-
lay and expense. Instructions have been given to the quartermas-
ter in New Orleans to procure transports adapted to our purpose,
on the arrival of which our supplies can be thrown forward with
facility and economy.
Nothing has been heard from the 2d dragoons since they marched
from Fort Jesup, except a rumor (which I really hope may prove
unfounded) that Colonel Twiggs had been taken sick, and was
forced to turn back. I am very anxious for the arrival of this re-
giment, as its services are greatly needed for outposts and recon-
noissances. I shall despatch an express to communicate with the
regiment and ascertain its position and condition.
Graham's companies of the 4th infantry were daily expected in
New Orleans at the last advices, and will, doubtless, sail about the
same time with the 7th infantry. I shall bring all the infantry to
this point, except a suitable guard for the depot in my rear, and
probably all the cavalry also, as I do not deem it prudent to de-
tach in our existing relations with Mexico.
I am gratified to be able to report that the troops are more healthy
than could reasonably be expected, considering their great expo-
sure and the inferior quality of the water on the coast. The preva-
lent complaints are not at all serious, and the command is, perhaps,
more healthy than it would have been had it remained at Fort Jesup
and vicinity.
The 4th infantry sailed from New Orleans under convoy of the
*'St. Mary's," sloop-of-war. Captain Saunders. The "Falmouth,"
Captain Sands, and "Lawrence," Captain Jarvis, have also been off
Aransas pass, and their commanders have communicated with me.
I take pleasure in acknowledging my obligations to th^se officers,
for valuable assistance which they have extended to us, and for the
assurances of support and co-operation.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. ^., commanding.
The Adjutant General
Of the Army^ Washington^ D. C.
Head-quarters, Army or Occupation,
Corpus Christi) Texas, August 19, 1845.
Sir: I respectfully enclose, for the information of the depart-
ment, a copy of a letter addressed by me to the President of Texas,
Ex. Doc. No 60 101
and forwarded to him by special express on the 17th instant.
I have deemed it proper to make this communication to Presi-
dent Jones, in consequence of the desire manifested by the
authorities of Texas to have a garrison established, at once, at
Austin. As I cannot consent to detach any portion of my
command, while a superior Mexican force is probably concen-
trating in my front, and as I still feel bound to extend every assis-
tance, compatible with a successful prosecution of the^ main
object of the expedition, towards putting the frontier in a suitable
state of defence, I have judged it prudent to make the suggestions
and recommendations which you will find in the enclosed let-
ter. Trusting that they will meet the approbation of the War De-
partment,
I remain, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. A.y commanding.
The Adjutant General
Of the Army, Washington, D. C.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Corpus Christi, Texas, August 16, 1845.
Sir: I have the honor to report my arrival at this place, in obe-
dience to the special instructions from the War Department, of
which you have already been apprised by my letter, of July 20, to
the Secretary of War and Marine.
One company of artillery and a brigade of infantry are now in
position here, and will soon be reinforced by seven companies of
dragoons and an additional regiment of infantry.
You have undoubtedly received intelligence of the hostile steps
taken by Mexico, and the probable declaration of war against us
by that power. Under these circumstances, I do not deem it pru-
dent to detach any portion of my force at pi-esent, and it is the
principal object of this communication to recommend that any vol-
unteers or spies now in the service of Texas be continued in em-
ployment, should you consider it necessary for the defence of the
frontier. If you concur in this view, I will, at your instance, de-
spatch an officer to muster into the service of the United States any
companies which you may designate as necessary for the security
of the frontier, to conform in numbers and organization to the laws
of the United States. Should such musters be made, I will recom-
mend that the officers and men while in service continue to receive
the same rate of pay which they have drawn from the Texan gov-
ernment.
My presence, and that of my command, is now imperatively re-
quired on this frontier. When our relations with Mexico, and the
state of the service in this quarter, shall permit my absence, I will
take great pleasure in proceeding to the seat of government, and
102 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
conferring with you personally in relation to the proper disposi-
tions to be made for the permanent occupation of the frontier.
I am, sir. very respectfully, your obedient servant, ^ '
Z. TAYLOU;'
\'.i fio Brevet BHg. Gen. U. S. A.^ commanding.
His Excellency Anson Jones,
President of Texas, Washington, Texas.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Corpus Christiy Texasj August 20, 1845.
Sib: I beg leave to call your attention to the condition of the
artillery company serving in this army, in regard to the number of
men soon to be discharged, and the .necessity of supplying their
places as early in the autumn as practicable.. From' an^' official re-
port of Lieutenant Bragg, it appears that twelve men will be dis-
charged by the end of November, there being now fifty enlisted
men in the company. There will thus, at the end of November, be
fourteen vacancies in the company, vinless some re-enlistments
should reduce the humberj upon which we cannot reckon with any
certainty. To render a company efficient with four pieces^, sixty
men are required; to complete which number, should the general-
in-chief see fit to add a detachment to the company for this service,
twenty-two recruits will be required. . •■ 1
The great importance of keeping this small force ift'^an 'efficient,
condition, will excuse me for urging the hecessity of sending out
good recruits to the company as soon as the advanced season will
render it safe to pass through New Orleans. ^
The field battery, much to my regret, has not yet arrived. I
could get no guns of suitable calibre from the "St, Mary's" sloop-
of-war, but have procured three pieces indifferently equipped, and
a small supply of ammunition, from the citizens of this place. These
guns add materially to our strength in case we should be attacked
here, whith I do not anticipate, but they are not fit for field service.
I cannot doubt that our battery will arrive before it shall become
necessary for us to move.
The 2d dragoons are to-day at Goliad, on the San Antonio river,
and will arrive at San Patricio on the 23(1, where I expect to meet
them. The officers and men are generally well, and the horses are
in quite as good condition as we could expect. We have no hews
of the 7th, or Graham's companies, of the 4th. -^
Caravans of traders arrive occasionally from the Rio Gra!^ndfe,but
bring no news of importance. They represent that therie are no
regular troops on that river, except at Matamoras, and do not seem
to be aware of any preparations for a demonstration on this bank
^^ Ex. D61. No. 60. ^^>^03
of the river. ^ 1' still 3eem' it piy duty Ib^^l^ of
such ah eventj and to brepafe foi* a'fbrwaxd movemedt^. should cir-
cumstances requjre' it. ^^ „' '. ' -",„' -^^ 7
I am,' sir^ very respectfully^ ybtiroVedient ^ertaii?, ■ ■■'?
Srevet'BHg. Qkn. U. S. Ji..lc6m,rdandinic-
The Adjutant- G^NERAS- o/r^^e ..^rmy, ,-.+ 3ir;-i:.;3^^;ii,::i -2>es
■CO is'ili ^^HsiAD-'QUARrE>RS,^ Army OF Occui»ATidNj3^^
i -- '^' '(^or^MS C^r-i^^i^ T^a^aSj ^^Mg-w*^ 26j'i8$5.
■ Sir: I respectfully a,ctn.owIeclge the receipt of your commuuica-
tions of August Q arid p— the. ,forn[jer,hy the hands of Lieutenant
Ringgold, who.arEiyedjKex£yesJ:irda.y. A duplicate of the despatch
. of the 6th has,,aljSo lieeu Jcec^i.A^exl'hy ]p^.air,,as,^ell.as ^ener^T o.rjiers
••^Nos. 37 and 3$.r,^ ;;;.., :^^'_:p^ Vf-o V,,. avi;":^,J;hiB.
In regard to em^gloying Yo,Luateers from, lexas, you wril perceive
/. that I have in pact ajxtieipatf d th^ wisbes of the government in my
' letter of the IGtl^i^Stant, tp Bresicf^nt.; Jones, a copy of which was
^furnished you-on the^ JQitli, .. .In. that CQrapiunicatio;i I looked only
to the defence of the frontier ag.ainM Indian aggressions, but 1 sliall
.j^now communicate with ,!^r,e^iiieAt Joiie's, ^arid ascertain, the aumber
. of volunteers that. qan be cq,nediatb;sejyic.Q in. case of an invasion
- by Mexico, 'aiid .shalj:. ta!|j,e .the n^^essary steps to arm and emjploy
that force should .O^e.s^ife.ty '.of tne^ coi^ntry require it. I feel con-
fident, howevej", th_at-su^ch n;PCessity'.will,no| arise. The three com-
panies of dragoons froiAporAi Waslijitaj^iir afford adeq^uate/protec-
.tion to the countx5j',a,l3'9u| A,us/inj and will, I doubt pot, eh
ultimately to di^en^ ,p'yga\Yi,th/^'lje vef^^m.all.^^^
in service in that quarter. "^ ' -:.-, ; .r •'. %r
Judging fr:o.m. tljQ^bjestj,ij:if|:jrjji^at^on J. can obtain/a^ the future
wants of the-service'on' this ifrohtier,' looking more particularly to
the possibility^ o^ am, ii^::^a«iojp.v.^ ef ^^e-soil of Texas by Mexican
troops, I deein the force s^.o^|^ lo |)i,e u^d^f my orders, viz: fouc bat-
teries of field artill.gry^ qpe',r(Bgi"i}jf|;it of cavalry, and five regiihents
of infantry, to be fUlly a^Vi^uate'to meet any crisis that may arise.
The ordnance and ordnance stores already shipped are ample for all
our purposes, unless indeed it should be necessary to invest Mata-
moras, in whffch eas6 'ft -batfei^tHg t?^in of' heavier calibre would be
required. A jn6'de¥aie^su^'jily'^of |>t>htt>hs and ponton wagons might
; greatly facilitate any ajetiy*. «pejfation^ in this country, w^ere it is
-, next to impossLblQpj;o.,bridgfVth.%istr^^ms, owing tq the scarcity of
..:i timber.- ■■: • \] ,^;:^0' r; ' ■ ''-i r-T, •-. •. v'.- ' :
'i-i J have recei^e4: :sp€Gial,i9y4eri5 jfo^. ^ and 68, assigning -offijbers
\3|of the engipeers,;.4:j$pogr^^ipal, ,6,ngineers,, and ordnance tp;jmy
' command:. tw-(%;^f ^9.^^ <>^;9.fefS, l^i^ujteinants. Scarrit^ and Kings-
bury, have already reported withjig^ojnpgtness.^/. Our greatest want
has been, and still is, a strong and efficient corps of qiiartermas-
104 0,^ Ex. Doc. No. 60.
ters. Captain Cross was necessarily sent with the dragoons, though
under orders from his own department, which would have retained
him at Fort Jesup. I do not consider him as properly belonging to
my command, and shall relieve him from duty on the arrival of the
dragoons. We shall then have four regiments in camp, without
one quartermaster on duty with them. I am informed that Captain
Myers and Ketchum have been ordered to join me, but it does not
seem unreasonable to request that, in addition to a proper supply
of captains, a field officer of rank and efficiency be despatched to
assume direction of that important branch of the public service.
Five companies of the 7th infantry have arrived at St. Joseph's
island, and will join me in a day or two. Graham's companies have
also arrived, and we have reason to expect three companies from
Pensacola in a few days. Two companies of volunteer artillerists,
mustered into service by General Gaines, have reported to me very
unexpectedly^ and as I have made no application for this force,
and do not deem it necessary, I am placed in a rather embarrassing
situation. As they are now here, I think it best, on the whole, to
retain them for a short period, perhaps until the arrival of our own
artillery, when they can be handsomely discharged and sent home.
I met the dragoons at San Patricio on the 24th, and was much
pleased with their efficient condition. They have found ample sup-
plies of forage and water, and the horses are in excellent flesh,
most of them being now fit for any service. The regiment will
probably join me here to-morrow.
I regret to learn that the most false and exaggerated rumors have
prevailed in New Orleans in relation to reported disasters encoun-
tered by this command. These rumors are not onTy calculated to
cause much pain and anxiety in the community, but also to entail
a heavy and needless expense upon the government in procuring
the muster of volunteers, &c. I beg you to understand that, even
with the small force originally under my command, I have had too
much confidence in my officers and men to feel any apprehension
of serious disaster.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brev. Brig. Gen. U. S. A., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington City.
Head-quaeters, Army of Occupation,
Corpus Christij Texas ^ August 30, 1845.
Sir: I respectfully report the arrival at this point of seven com-
panies of the 7th infantry under Major Brown, and two companies
of volunteer artillery under Major Gaily. Major Seawell's com-
pany, I am informed, was ordered back to Baton Rouge by General
Gaines, and some small detachments of that regiment were also
left at several posts. I have retained one company as a guard for
the depot at St. Joseph's island.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 105
The battalion of volunteer artillery has a fine battery of eight
pieces — two twelves and six sixes, completely equipped in every
respect. The officers are zealous, and the men seem to be quite
well instructed in their duties. In case of need, I look for valu-
able service from this battalion.
I have just received a communication from President Jones,
under date of the 23d instant, notifying me that he had taken pre-
paratory steps towards organizing a volunteer force of 1,000 men
to assist me if necessary. This matter will form the subject of a
special communication to your office in a few days.
Apprehending that the erroneous impressions current in New Or-
leans in regard to our situation might induce General Gaines to
order the muster of a battalion or brigade of infantry, I addressed
a communication to his staff officer by the steamship Alabama, ex-
pressing my thanks for the reinforcement of the volunteer battalion
of artillery, but with the hope that no more volunteers would be
sent without a requisition from me. That' communication will
reach New Orleans to-night or to-morrow, in time, I trust, to
stop the employment of any more volunteers.
We have no news from the Rio Grande. Idle stories are brought
in from that quarter, but with the means of accurate information
which we now possess, I do not deem it necessary to repeat them.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brev. Brig. Gen. U. S. A., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, D. C.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Corpus Christi, Texas, September 6, 1845.
Sir: I have the honor to report that a confidential agent, de-
spatched some days since to Matamoras, has returned, and reports
that no extraordinary preparations are going forward there; that
the garrison does not seem to have been increased, and that our
consul is of opinion there will be no declaration of war. A decree
had been issued prohibiting, under penalty of death, any commu-
nication, by writing, across the frontier — a precaution which has
been adopted on former occasions, and caused, no doubt, by our
presence here. Nothing definite can be learned in relation to the
march of troops from the interior. A body of 3,000 men was
reported in march to Matamoras, but the information is too vague
to merit much confidence. The agent, who is intelligent, and upon
whose statements a good deal of reliance may, I think, be safely
placed, says that the mass of the people, with whom he mingled, is
opposed to a war with us, and that if war be declared, the frontier
departments of Tamaulipas, Coahuila, and Nuevo Leon, will
probably declare themselves independent of the central govern-
ment and establish pacific relations with us.
This is the substance of the information brought from Mata-
106 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
moras. Notwithstanding its character, I shall not relax my exer-
tions to prepare for active operations and a state of war with
Mexico. I must express the hope that no militia force will lie or-
dered to join me without my requisition for it. , I am entirely con-
fident that none will be required.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
,^.; iv.^.; ; Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brigadier General U. S. A.\ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D, C.
Head-quarters, Army or Occupation, '^^■^^
Corpus Christij Texas, September 14,'184S.
Sir: I respectfully acknowledge the following communications
from the Secretary of War^one of August 23, conveying the, in-
structions of the department in relation to the employment of vol-
unteers from the United States; one of August 26, enclosing copies
of circulars to the governors of Louisiana, Alabama, and Missis-
sippi; and two of August 30, giving further instructions for my
government, and enclosing copies of instructions to Commodore
Connor, and of a letter of August 28 to Major General Gaines;
also, your communications of August 26 and 30- enclosing a copy
of the same letter to General Gaines, and desiring more frequent
communications from my head-quarters.
I now regret that I suffered the interval between July 28 and
August 15 to elapse without making any report to your office; but
I was incessantly occupied, during that 'time, in examining the
Gbuntry, and afterwards in making an establishment at this point,
and could not have reported anything important, of a positive na-
ture, until my arrival here. Could I have imagined the possibility;
of such extravagant rumors as prevailed in New Orleans, and,i
above all, that they could gain credence in the public mind, w.he^i!
the same means of communication brought no report from me, Ij
would certainly have apprized the department, by every opportu-j
nity, of our operations, unimportant as they might have seemed.
No intelligence, worthy of credit, was received from the Rio
Grande, until just before my report of August 15. Since that date
I have kept the department advised, at short intervals, of our situa-
tion and the news from the frontier.
In view of the large reinforcements of regular troops ordered to
join me, I cannot believe that it will become necessary, under any
circumstances, to employ volunteers^ from the United States, In
reply to my communication, of August 16, to President Jones, a
copy of which was forwarded to your office, the President ipdicated
a few companies of rangers, amounting in all to about 300 mien, as
proper to be mustered into the service for the protection of the
frontier. I have accordingly given orders for the muster of one
company at Austin and one at Bexar. A company at this place,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. '^"107
and 6hh at Goliad, are desig^tiated by the President, and will be
mustered when their enrolment is completed. Three small detach-
ments, of 30 men each, are to be considered in service, but cannot,
from their position, be conveniently mustered at present. It will
be recollected that when I addressed the president of Texas on this
subject, I could not anticipate the transfer of dragoons from Fort
Washita; and although two of the companies indicated above
might, perhaps, be dispensed with, I think it best, from motives of
policy, to retain them for three months, the term for which all are
to be mustered. You will see from ray "special orders," No. 14,
that I have directed two of the three companies from Red river to
San Antonio, retaining one at Austin. With a company of mounted
rangers at each place, the frontier will be secure from insult. The
commander of the rangers at San Antonio, Major Hays, has repu-
tation as a partisan, and to him I have specially intrusted the duty
of keeping me advised of any movements on the Rio Grande in the
neighborhood of Laredo, with strict injunctions, however, to molest
no Mexican establishments on this side of the river. Should San
Antonio be serioiisly menaced, it can be readily succored from this
point. A route will be immediately opeaed hence to San Antonio.
I would at once put a larger force in that town, but for the diffi-
culty of supplying it.
"An examination is now making by an officer of engineers of the
country in our front, chiefly to select suitable sites for encampments,
should it become necessary to winter in this neighborhood. The
great scarcity of wood will render it necessary, in that case, to
change our position. Reconnoissances will soon be made of the
Nueces and the Laguna Madra, to ascertain their navigability, and
the facility of establishing depots in the event of a forward move-
ment to the Rio Grande.
We have no news of interest from the frontier. Arista, at the
last accounts, was at Mier, but without any force; nor is there, as
yet, any concentration of troops on the-river. A report reached San
Antonio, a few days since, that preparations were making to receive
troops at Laredo. This I consider very doubtful; but if troops
arrive there, I shall expect to receive early information of the fact
from S'an Antonio.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brigadier General U. S. i^., commanding.
sn The Adjutant General of the Army, ^^ ■ -• --is:-5tf0o
\h v ; -. Washington^ D. CX'-) '""^'' '-'^•'
, Head-quarters, Army OF Occupation, ;'
Corpus Christij Texas,' October 4: j 184^5.
Sir: I beg to leave suggest some considerations in relation to the
present position of our force, and the dispositions which may be-
cbiRife necessary for the more efF^ttual prosecution of the objects for
108 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
which it has been concentrated. It will be recollected that the in-
structions of June 15, issued by Mr. Bancroft, then acting Secre-
tary of War, directed me to " select and occupy, on or near the Rio
Grande, such a site as will consist with the health of the troops
and will be best adapted to repel invasion," &c. Brazos Santiago'
IS the nearest entrance to the mouth of the Rio Grandej and Point
Isabel, within that entrance, and twenty-one miles from Matamo-
ras, would have fulfilled more completely than any other position
the coriditions imposed by the Secretary. But we had no artillery
no engineer force or appliances, and but a moderate amount of in-
fantry; and the occupation of Point Isabel, under these circum-
stances, and with at least the possibility of resistance from the
Mexicans, might have compromised the safety of the command. I
therefore determined to take up the next accessible position in the
rear, which is the mouth of the Nueces river. All the information
which I could obtain before leaving New Orleans, seemed to point
to Corpus Christi as the most suitable point for concentration; and,
although before the President's instructions of July 30 reached me,
I would have preferred a position on the left bank of the river, yet
a careful examination of the country had already convinced me that
none could be found combining so many advantages as this. Every
day's experience has confirmed these impressions. Corpus Christi
is healthy, easily supplied, and well situated to hold in observation
the course of the Rio Grande from Matamoras to Laredo— being
about 150 miles from several points on the river. I have reason to
believe, moreover, that a salutary moral effect has been exercised
upon the Mexicans. Their traders are continually carrying home
the news of our position and increasing numbers, and are confess-
edly struck by the spectacle of a large camp of well-appointed and
disciplined troops, accompanied by perfect security to their per-
sons and property, instead of the impressment and pillage to which
they are subject in their own country. For these reasons, our posi-
tion thus far has, I think, been the best possible; but, now that the
entire force will soon be concentrated, it may well be a questioiv
whether the views of government will be best carried out by oui-
remaining at this point. It is with great deference that I make any
suggestions on topics which may become matter of delicate negotia-
tion; but if our government, in settling the question of boundary,'
makes the line of the Rio Grande an ultimatum, I cannot doubt that
the settlement will be greatly facilitated and hastened by our taking
possession at once of one or two suitable points on or quite near
that river. Our strength and state of preparation should be dis-
^v, 1y ^^ ^ manner not to be mistaken. However salutary may be
the effect produced upon the border people by our presence here,
we are too far from the frontier to impress the government of Mex-
ico with our readiness to vindicate, by force of arms, if necessary,
our title to the country as far as the Rio Grande. The "army of
occupation" will, in a few days, be. concentrated at this point, in
condition for vigorous and efficient service. Mexico having as yet
made 4M^positive declaration of war, or committed any overt act of
hostilities, I do not feel at liberty, under my instructions, particu-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 109
arly those of July 8, to make a forward movement to the Rio
>rande without authority from the War Department.
In case a forward movement should be ordered or authorized, I
ffould recommend the occupation of Point Isabel and Laredo as
)est adapted to the purposes of observing the course of the river and
covering the frontier settlements of Texas. Point Isabel is acces-
iible by water, and can be safely occupied by two brigades of infan-
;ry, with a suitable force of field artillery. On the arrival of the
iteamer Harney, I shall order a careful reconnoissance of Brasos
jjantiago, as a necessary preliminary measure to the occupation of
Point Isabel. To occupy Laredo will require a land march from
jthis point. Supplies may probably be transported by water as high
as San Patricio, and possibly to the junction of the Rio Frio with
the Nueces. I propose to establish a depot on the Nueces river,
probably at the crossing of the San Antonio and Laredo road, from
which to operate towards the Rio Grande. You will perceive from
my " special orders" No. 24, that a reconnoissance has been ordered
in that direction. A brigade of infantry, with the cavalry, and a bat-
tery or two of field artillery, will be sufficient for the occupation
of Laredo. That town is on the left bank of the Rio Grande, and
possesses the military advantage of holding in observation the maia
route from the interior of Mexico through Monterey to Matamoras.
In case it should be found impracticable to establish a suitable
depot on the Nueces, the entire force, after strengthening San An-
tonio, might be thrown forward to Point Isabel, where it could be
readily supplied, and held in readiness for any further service.
I have deemed it my duty to make the above suggestions. Should
they be favorably considered, and instructions based upon them, I
will thank you to send the latter in duplicate to Lieut. Colonel
Hunt — one copy to be despatched direct, without delayj the other
to be sent via Galveston, should a steamer be running to that port
from New Orleans.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
' Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. A., commanding.
\ The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, B.C.
P. S. — It is proper to add, that, should any auxiliary force be
required, I propose to draw it wholly from Texas. I do not con-
ceive thai it will become necessary, under any circumstances, to
call for volunteers from the United States.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Corpus Christi, Texas, October 11, 1845.
Sir: I respectfully report the arrival at St. Joseph's island, on
the 9th instant, of five companies of the 5th infantry, under Lieu-
tenant Colonel Mcintosh, two companies of the 8th infantry, under
Captain Montgomery, and one company of the 7th infantry, under
110 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Brevet Major Seawell. Lieutenant Colonel Mcintosh's command
(of 17 officers and 239 men) arriTed here to day. These troops
are in good health, and complete the entire number ordered to this
coast. I feel a satisfaction, which I cannot doubt will be shared
by the department, in being able thus to report the completion,
without disaster or notable accident, of the transfer of 59 many
bodies of troops from remote points to this coast at an unfavorable
season of the year. 1
Lieutenant Colonel Payne will be announced in orders to-raorrow i,
as acting inspector general of this army. I shall assign Major
Ewing to the command of the field batteries, leaving Brevet. Lieu-
tenant Colonel Childs in command of the battalion of artillery ;
companies in the 1st brigade. . : i
In regard to the discharge of the volunteer artillery frqm.New^ j
Orleans, I would respectfully remark that their term of service
will soon be drawing to a closej and as their service here has been
most creditable to them in every respect, and they would feel a
mortification in being summarily discharged, I would ask l^ave to j
retain them until such a time .as will allow them to reach New . >
Orleans by the expiration of the period for which they were mus-
tered.
You will, I hope, readily appreciate the motives of policy which ,
may, in the long run, render their detention an absolute benefit to
the public service. I need hardly say that I much regretted their
employment in the first instance; but, under all the circumstances
of the case, I think it best to keep them for the short period of
their term which yet remains. The excellence of their discipline
and instruction has won the most favorable opinions from the offi-
cers here.
Recent arrivals from the Rio Grande bring no news or informa- i
tion of a different aspect from that which I reported in my last. >
The views expressed in previous communications relative to ,the
pacific disposition of the 'border people on both sides of the river,
are continually confirmed. ;
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient serv^ant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington^ D. C.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Corpus Christij Texas, October 15, 1845.
Sir: I respectfully enclose the return of the army of occupation
for July. At the end of that month all the corps of the army
had not reached Texas, some of them being yet at sea; which is
the reason that no return was furnished at the proper time.
All the troops destined for this point are now in position here,
except Major Ringgold's company, which is expected daily from
St. Joseph's island. The morning report of to-day exhibits an ag-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. Ill
gregate present of 3,733, which Ringgold's company and an absent
detachment of cavalry wilT increase to 3,860. Captain Burk's
company i-emains as a guard at St. Joseph's island.
Three hundred recruits are now wanted in the regiments and de-
tachments here; which number, I can hardly doubt, will be in-
creased to nearly five hundred by the close of the year. I hope
measures may be taken to supply the requisite number of recruits,
or as many as can be spared, from the depot.
The utmost activity prevails in the instruction of the brigades
Iknd regiments. Colonel 'Whistler's brigade commenced to-day
with evolutions of the line, and will be followed by the others as
rapidly as possible. Several of the regiments have been so long
cut up in small detachments as to render it necessary to dwell for
some time upon the school of the battalion before proceeding to
the higher manoeuvres.
I have nothing of interest to report from the frontier.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
' ^ Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. A., commanding.
The Adjutant G.ENi^RAL o/ Me ^rmy,
« Was king ton J D. C.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Corpus Christij Texas, JVovember 7, 1845.
Sir: I respectfully enclose a copy of a letter from Commodore
Connor, commanding the home squadron, which I receive^ by the
"Saratoga," sloop pi' war, on the 5th instant. The intelligence.,
communicated by the oommf)dore will, doubtless, reach the seat of";,
government long before the receipt of this letter.
The communication from the Secretary of War, dated October i6, .
was received and acknowledged on the 1st and 2d instant. I pur-
posely deferred a detailed reply to the various points embraced in
that communication until I could receive an answer to mine of Ocj-
tober 4, which covered (at least in part) the same ground. The in-,^^
telligence from Mexico, however, tends to modify, in some degree,/,
the views expressed in that communication. The position now oc-
cupied by the troops may, perhaps, be the best while negotiations
are pending, oPyatany rate, until a disposition shall be manifested
by Mexico to protract them unreasonably. Under the supposition
that such may be the view of the department, I shall make no move-
ment from this point, except for the purpose of examining the coun-
try, until further instructions are received. You will perceive,
from ray orders, that reconnoissances. are almost constantly in the
field, the officers of engineers and topographical engineers render-
ing valuable service on those duties. I refer you to the reports
made by those officers to the chiefs of tl eir own bureaux for the
information which is thus procured in relation to the country. An
examination of the harbor of Brazos Santiago will be ordered in a
112 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
few days — as soon as a proper vessel shall become disposable for
that service.
In case no movement is made this season towards the Rio Grande,
I may find it necessary to detatch a portion of the army a short dis-
tance into the interior, where wood can be more readily procured
than here. But in no case do I deem it necessary to hut the troops.
Sheds, with platforms, on which to pitch the tents, were extensive-
ly used in camps of position in Florida, and will, I cannot doubt,
form a sufficient protection here.
On the hypothesis of an early adjustment of the boundary, and
the consequent establishment of permanent frontier posts, I cannot
urge too strongly upon the department the necessity of occupying
those posts before the warm weather shall set in. A large amount
of sickness is, I fear, to be apprehended, with every precaution that
can be takenj but the information which I obtain leads me to be-
lieve that a summer movement would be attended with great ex-
pense of health and life. As in Florida, the winter is the best
season for operations in Texas.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. ji., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army, •
Washington J D. C.
U. S. Ship Falmouth,
Off Vera Cruz, October 24, 1845.
General: I hasten to inform you that the Mexican g(7vernment
has accepted the proposal made by that of our country to arrange
the existing difficulties by negotiation. This information left here
for Washington yesterday, by Mr. Parrott, and we may conse-
quently soon expect an envoy to be sent out from the United
States. I deem it advisable you should be thus early apprized of
this change in the state of our relations.
No troops have marched towards the frontier for a length of
time^ and I am told by Mr. Parrott, who left Mexico a few days
since, that many of Arista's officers had returned to that city in a
a state of utter poverty.
I have the honor to be, your obedient servant,
D. CONNOR,
Commanding Home Squadron.
Brigadier General Taylor,
Commanding Army of Occupation.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Corpus Christi, TexaSj November 8, 1845.
Sir: I beg leave to call your attention to the present condition
of our communications with the United States.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 113
While in New Orleans, I represented the necessity of a despatch
vessel — a steamer, if practicable — to ply between our position and
New Orleans. I was informed from your office, under date of July
30th, that measures had been taken to supply the want, and under
date of August 23d, from the War Office, that the " On ka-hy-e,^"^
the " Harney ^'''' and the " Dolphin^'''' would be put into the service
as despatch vessels for the above purpose. Of all these vessels,
the " On-ka-hy-e" alone has reported to me; and her degree of
utility for this particular service may be judged from the fact that
she sailed from Aransas pass more than a month since for Mobile
and New Orleans, and has not yet returned. In fact, she is a dull
sailer, and .vholly unfit for the purposes for which she was sent
out. By a report received yesterday from the commander of the
" Harney," it appears that she is now lying in the Mississippi
river, and that her boiler is in such condition that it is deemed
entirely unsafe for her to go to sea. Of the " Dolphin" I have
heard nothing.
., It thus appears that the means provided for keeping up a regular
and frequent communication with the army of occupation have
proved totally inadequate. The necessity of such a communication
is BOW much greater than when I first addressed you on the subject,
and I must respectfully request that some efficient arrangement be
made by which our mails may be received and sent with at least
tolerable regularity. For this purpose it is necessary to have a
good seagoing steamer entirely under the control of the quarter-
master's department. If the " Harney," or the '' General Taylor,"
which once belonged to that department, can be returned to it
again, I have little doubt that either of them would answer the
purpose. New Orleans should, by all means, be the port of de-
parture; and the public freight which a vessel of the kind could
bring would go far to pay her expenses.
In the event of a forward movement to the Rio Grand.ewith any
possibility of hostile operations, a small armed vessel would be
indispensable to cover the depot which would in that case be
established at Brazos Santiago, as well as our landing at that point.
And I would suggest at any rate, that until the most perfect friendly
relations are again established with Mexico, a naval vessel of the
above description be placed under my orders.
I have to acknowledge your communication of October SOth,
with enclosures relative to a charge against Brevet Major Beall;
copy of your communication of October 21st to late Lieutenant
Quimby, 7th infantry; certificate of disability in the case of Ser-
geant Branton, company B, 2d dragoons; '^general ordeis" No. 48;
and "special orders" Nos. 101 and 102.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General or the Army,
Washington^ D. C.
8
114 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Corpus Christi^ Texas, J^'ov ember 19, 1845.
Sir: By a report from Major Fauntleroy, 2cl dragoons, command-
ing at San Antonio, dated the 1st instani, it appears that, upon the
requisition, or at the suggestion of a Major Neighbors, represented
to be an "Indian agent" under the government of Texas, he des-
patched a party from his command, on the 30th of October, under
the direction of said agent, to arrest some Camanches who were in
the Lipan camp, not far from San Antonio, and who were reported
by the Lipans to have committed some depredations near Corpus
Christi. The Camanches suffered themselves to be taken without
resistance, but afterwards suddenly broke from the guard, and
made their escape. The guard, agreeably to orders, fired upon
them, and wounded two of the number, there being six or eight
in all.
This circumstance is greatly to be regretted, and may be the
germ of serious difficulty on the Indian frontier. My instructions
to Major Fauntleroy have been very pointed — to exercise great
caution in all matters relating to alleged Indian depredations. In
the present case, the reports against the Camanches were entirely
false — at least, no depredations have been committed by them near
Corpus Christi, to my knowledge; and, even if true. Major Faun-
tleroy had no evidence of the facts sufficiently strong to warrant
him in the course he took. The moment that the service will
permit my absence from the main army here, I shall visit San
Antonio and Austin, with a view to adopt such measures as may
be required by the public interest in that quarter. In the mean-
time, I shall give such instructions to Major Fauntleroy as will
prevent a recurrence of such hasty and ill-judged proceedings
hereafter.
I have already reported to the department the steps which I have
found it necessary to take for the protection of the Indian frontier
of Texas: and that I deemed it advisable for that purpose to
muster into service a few companies of rangers. These companiies
were mustered into service for three months; and their respective
terms will expire about the end of the year. Should the present
pacific aspect of our Mexican relations continue, it will not be
necessary to continue this force in service, except possibly one
company as guides. It will then become necessary to strengthen
the regular force on the frontier; and, to avoid useless marches
and expense, I would respectfully ask to be informed, if consistent
with propriety, what corps are destined for the permanent occupa-
tion of Texas on a peace establishment. Such corps can then be
placed in position at once, at a time when they are most wanted,
and when they can establish posts with least prejudice to health.
San Antonio, Austin, and, perhaps, an intermediate point on the
Guadaloupe, must be military stations; and the sooner they are
occupied by the regular garrisons who are destined for that service,
the better. A large force of cavalry cannot be sustained on the
frontier witLout very heavy expense at this time; and I would not
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 115
at present add more than one to the number of companies already
there. Infantry may be subsisted at a comparatively small rate.
Recent arrivals from the Rio Grande bring.no news whatever.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army.,
Washington, D. C.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Corpus Christif Texas., January 7, 1846.
Sir: For the information of the general-in-chief and War De-
partment, I make the following extract from a private letter lately
received at this place from our consul at Matamoras, and dated
December 24, 1845:
" Our accounts from the interior are, that General Paredes, at
San Luis, is about rising against the government; it is given out
that he and his party are against treating with the United States.
Our minister, Mr. John Slidell, of New Orleans, has arrived at
Mexico; so, if the revolution does not break out, we shall shortly
have a treaty, I hope. General Arista rests quiet, to see, perhaps,
what success attends General Paredes. In this part of the country
the people are in favor of peace, and, I should judge, of a treaty
with the United States, but a considerable excitement has been
produced by the news from General Paredes.
********
" A little schooner (the Susanna, of New Orleans,) has come in
here in distress. She was seized by our custom-house, and the
captain was imprisoned, but is released upon bail. I have for-
warded some documents to Mexico respecting her."
We have intelligence from Matamoras as late as the 1st instant,
to the effect that a courier had arrived from the interior, bringing
the news that Paredes, with a large force, was within thirty leagues
of the city of Mexico; that much excitement prevailed in Mata-
moras in favor of Paredes, and against Herrera. It is also stated
that the officers of the garrison had declared for Paredes. I look
with great anxiety for further news from Mexico.
The above intelligence is received from Matamoras. We have
many arrivals from other points on the river, but they bring no in-
telligence of interest. A recent scout of volunteers from San An-
tonio struck the river near Presidio, Rio Grande, and the comman-
der reports everything quiet in that quarter.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. A., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, D. C.
116 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Corpus Christi, Texas^ February 4, 1846.
Sir: I respectfully acknowledge the communication of the Sec-
retary of War, dated January 13th, and containing the instruc-
tions of the President to move forward with my force to the Rio
Grande. I shall lose no time in making the necessary preparations
for carrying out those instructions.
The occupation of Point Isabel or Brazos Santiago as a depot
"will be indispensable. That point and a position on or near the
river opposite Matamoras will I think answer all present purposes.
At any rate, I shall not separate my force further until the position
of affairs shall render it entirely safe to do so.
I propose to abandon this position entirely, as soon after our
march as the stores, hospital, &c., can be transferred to St. Joseph's
island. It will not be necessary to keep up an establishment at
that point for the present, although our supplies will come to Point
Isabel direct from New Orleans.
In reply to the call of the Secretary for information as to what
means, if any, will be required '' to enforce and maintain our com-
mon right to navigate" the Rio Grande, I would respectfully state
that, until I reach the river and ascertain the condition of things
in the frontier States of Mexico, temper of the people, &c., 1 can-
not give any satisfactory answer to the question. I have every
reason to believe that the people residing on the river are well
disposed towards our government. Our advance to the Rio Grande
will itself produce a powerful effect, and it may be that the com-
mon navigation of the river will not be disputed. It is very im-
portant to us, and will be indispensable when posts are established
higher up, as must ultimately be the case.
I shall not call for any militia force in addition to what I already
have, unless unforeseen circumstances shall render its employment
necessary.
I beg leave again to call the attention of the department to the
aecessity of having our movement and position at Brazos Santiago
covered by a small armed vessel. I deem this vitally important,
and hope it will meet with favorable consideration.
We have no news from the interior of Mexico more recent than
that derived from the New Orleans papers of the 26th January.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington, D. C.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Corpus Christi, Texas, February 16, 1846.
Sir: I respectfully report that I received last evening by the
sloop-of-war " St. Mary's" a communication from Commodore
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 117
Connor, commanding the home squadron, dated the 4th instant, in
which he announces his intention to proceed with tiie squadron to
Vera Cruz, and desires to know in what way he can co-operate
•with the land force under my command. I have informed the
commodore that I am about to move to the Rio Grande under in-
structions from the War Department, and have desired him to give
me the support of one or two small vessels to assist us, if necessary,
in taking possession of Brazos Santiago, and at all events to cover
the establishment of a depot at that point. I deem this co-opera-
tion very opportune and necessary, and am gratified to obtain it.
Commodore Connor will be enabled, at the same time, to communi-
cate directly with me and furnish the latest intelligence from Vera
Cruz and the city of Mexico.
Examinations are now in progress of the two routes to Point
Isabel — that by the main land and that by Padre island. The re-
ports of the officers charged with them will determine the route of
march. Our train, which is necessarily very heavy, is rapidly or-
ganizing, and we shall be able to commence the movement abr.ut
the 1st of March.
Many reports will doubtless reach the department, giving exag-
gerated accounts of Mexican preparations to resist our advance, if
not indeed to attempt an invasion of Texas. Such reports have
been circulated even at this place, and owe their origin to personal
interests connected with the stay of the army here. I trust that
they will receive no attention at the War Department. From the
best information I am able to obtain, and which I deem as authentic
as any, I do not believe that our advance to the banks of the Rio
Grande will be resisted. The army, however, will go fully pre-
pared for a state of hostilities, should they unfortunately be pro-
voked by the Mexicans.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant.
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. A., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington, D. C.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Corpus Christij Texas, February 26, 1846.
Sir: I have to report that the preparations for a forward move-
ment of this command are now nearly completed. The examina-
tions spoken of in my report of the 16th instant have shown the
practicability of both routes — by the main land and by Padre
island. The reconnoisance of Padre island extended to its southern
extremity, and included the harbor of Brazos Santiago and Point
Isabel; that of the main route reached to a point near the Little
Colorado. A depot, with four days' forage, and subsistence for the
army, will be thrown forward some forty miles, to the Santa Ger-
trudes. A detachment of two companies, to establish and cover
118 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
this depot, will march, on the 28th, under Brevet Major Graham.
In about a week thereafter, say the 7th of March, the cavalry will
inarch, to be followed, at intervals of one day, by the brigades of
infantry. By the 25th of March, at latest, I hope to be in position
on the Rio Grande.
I have taken occasion to represent to some citizens of Matamo-
ras, who were here with a large number of mules for sale, and who
are represented to have considerable influence at home, that the
United States government, in occupying the Rio Grande, has no
motive of hostility towards Mexico, and that the army will, in no
case, go beyond the river, unless hostilities should be commenced
by the Mexicans themselves; that the Mexicans, living on this side,
will not be disturbed in any way by tli^ troops; that they will be
protected in all their rights and^ usages; and, that everything which
the army may need, will be purchased from them at fair prices. I
also stated that, until the matter should be finally adjusted between
the two governments, the harbor of Brazos Santiago would be
open to the free use of Mexicans, as heretofore. The same views
were impressed upon the Mexican custom-house officer at Brazos
Santiago, by Captain Hardee, who commanded the escort that cov-
ered the reconnoissance of Padre island.
We are entirely without news of interest from the frontier, or
the interior of Mexico; our latest date from the capital being the
21st of January, and the same from Vera Cruz.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. Jl., commanding.
The Adjutant General
Of the jirmy, Washington, D. C.
^Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Corpus Christi, Texas, March 8, 1846.
Sir: I respectfully report that the advance of the army, com-
posed of the cavalry and Major Ringgold's light artillery, the
whole under the command of Colonel Twiggs, took up the line of
inarch this morning, in the direction of Matamoras; its strength
being 23 officers, and 378 men. The advance will be followed in
succession by the brigades of infantry, the last brigade marching
on the 11th instant. The roads are in good order, the weather
line, and the troops in excellent condition for service.
Major Munroe will embark for Brazos Santiago in season to
reach that harbor about the time the army will be in the vicinity
of Point Isabel. He takes with him a siege train and a field bat-
tery. Captain Sanders, of the engineers, the officers of ordnance,
and the pay department, accompany Major Munroe.
The movement, by water, to Brazos Santiago, will be covered
by the revenue cutter " Woodbury," Captain Foster, whose com-
mander has kindly placed her at my disposal for this service.
. Ex. Doc. No. 60. 119
All proper arrangements have been made by the staff depart-
ments for supplying the army on the route, as well as establishing
a depot for its further wants at Point Isabel.
I have deemed it proper to cause my "orders" No. 30, to be
translated into Spanish, and circulated on the Rio Grande. Sixty
copies have already been sent in advance of the army to Mata-
moras, Camargo, and Mier. This form of giving publicity to the
spirit Avhich actuates our movement, in occupying the country, I
thought preferable to a proclamation. I trust the order itself will
meet the approval of the department. A few copies of the trans-
lation are herewith enclosed.
I shall again communicate with general head-quarters before I
march, and I expect to do so, at least, once on the route.
My head-quarters will march with the rear brigade, but will soon
pass to the advance of the army.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. A , comd''g.
The Adjutant General
Of the Army, Washington, D. C.
QuARTEL General, Exercito de Ocupacion,
Corpus Christi, 8 de Marzo de 1846.
Orden No. 30.
El exercito de ocupacion en Tejas, estando ya para tomar po-
sicion sobre la banda izquierda del Rio Grande, bajo las ordenes
del Executivo de los Estados Unidos, el general en gefe desea es-
presar la e<3peranza que el movimiento sera provechoso a todos los
interesados, y para cumplir exactamente con un fin tan laudable,
ha mandado a, todos de su mando, que mantengan, bajo el mas es-
crupuloso respeto, los derechos de los habitantes que se encuentren
en ocupacion pacifico de sus respectivos avocaciones, tanto sobre
la banda izquierda, como la derecha del Rio Grande. Bajo ningun
pretesto, ni de cuelesquiera manera, se ha de entremeter en los de-
rechos civiles, ni los priviiegios religiosos de los habitantes^ pero
siernpre mantendra el mayor respeto a ambos.
Cualesquiera cosa que se necesite para el gasto del exercitOj
sera comprado por el provedor, y pagado a los mejores precios.
El general en gefe tiene la satisfaccion de decir, que tiene confi-
anza en el patriotismo y la disciplina del exercito bajo su mando y
esta seguro de que sus ordenes seran obedecidos con la mayor ex-
actitud.
Z. TAYLOR,
Bt. Bd. Gen. en Gefe, exercito de los Estados Unidos.
1-20 Ex. Doc. No. 60
[Translation.]
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Corpus Chrisii, March 8, 1846.
Order No. 30.
The army of occupation of Texas' being now about to take a po-
sition upon the left bank of the Rio Grande, under the orders of
the Executive of the United States, the general-in-chief desires to
express the hope that the movement will be advantageous to all
concerned^ and with the object of attaining this laudable end, he
has ordered all under his command to observe, with the most scru-
pulous respect, the rights of all the inhabitants who may be found
in peaceful prosecution of their respective occupations, as well on
the left as on the right side of the Rio Grande. Under no pretext,
nor in any way, will any interference be allowed with the civil
rights or religious privileges of the inhabitants; but the utmost
respect for them will be maintained.
Whatsoever may be needed for the use of the army will be bought
by the proper purveyor, and paid for at the highest prices. The
general-in-chief has the satisfaction to say that he confides in the
patriotism and discipline of the army undgr his command, and
that he feels sure that his orders will be obeyed with the utmost
exactness.
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brisc- Ge7i. U. S. A., commanding.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Corpus Christi, Texas, March 11, 1846.
Sir: I have respectfully to report that the last column of the
army marched this morning, to be followed by the head-quarters
in a few hours.
I enclose a field return of the army, exhibiting its actual march-
ing strength. Major Munroe's company, which goes round by
water, is not included. The weather continues favorable, and
everything promises well for our march.
Please address me as usual, to the care of the quartermaster in
New Orleans.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brev. Brig. Gen. U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, D. C.
Ex. Doc. No. 6iP. 121
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp at, Los Pinfos, route to Matamoras^
31 miles from Corpus Christi, March 12, 1846.
Sir: I respectfully report that the United States brig Porpoise
arrived yesterday off Aransas. Her commander, Lieutenant Hunt,
has been ordered by Commodore Connor to communicate with the
army, and render us all the aid in his power. I gladly avail ray-
self of this vessel, in conjunction with the cutter "Woodbury," to
convoy our transports to Brazos Santiago, and assist Major Mun-
roe's command in effecting a landing and establishing a depot in
that harbor.
Commodore Connor writes by the brig Porpoise, from Vera
Cruz, under date of March 2d. I enclose an extract of so much
of his letter as relates to Mexican affairs. I have nothing of inte-
rest to communicate from the frontier, except the enclosed procla-
mation of General Canales, which, so far as I know, had not at the
last advices been made public on the Rio Grande. It was put in
my hands just as I was leaving Corpus Christi, or it would have
been forw^arded from that place.
The different columns are advancing with great regularity, and
without any obstacle worthy of note. I have passed the rear
brigade, and hope to encamp to-morrow with General Worth's,
which is now fourteen miles in my advance, I shall overtake the
cavalry before it reaches the Little Colorado.
I have to acknowledge your communications of February 24th
and 26th; your letter to Colonel Twiggs of February 23d; the
communications of Lieutenant Garnett of January 29th and Febru-
ary 9th, returned as contrary to regulations; and "special orders"
Nos. 12 to 15 inclusive.
I am, sir, very respectfullv, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. ^., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington^ D, C.
[Extract.]
U. S. Ship Falmouth,
Off Vera Cruz, March 2, 1846.
As I have but little intercourse with the shore at this place, my
means of obtaining information as to passing events are conse-
quently very limited. From the papers published in the city of
Mexico, I learn that General Almonte has resigned the office of
Minister of War and Marine, and has been succeeded by General
Tornel. The government has been for some time endeavoring to
obtain (but without success) a loan of nearly .two millions of dol-
lars, for which the property of the church.was offered as security.
122 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
i
I
The papers of the capital also state that within the last ten days
a force of nearly eight thousand men, including a large portion of
the garrison of Mexico, has marched for the northern frontier. I
attach little credit to the statement. It is the general opinion here
that the present state of affairs cannot last for any length of time.
With the exception of the military, the recent revolution is re-
ceived by all classes with much dissatisfaction. Even a union of
the federalists with the Santa Annaists is spoken of as probable
for the overthrow of the present party.
Mr. Slidell is still at Jalapa; and, though unlikely as it may ap-
pear, I have it from very good authority that it is probable he will
yet be received by the Mexican government.
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
D. CONNOR,
Commanding home squadron.
Bfig. Gen. Z. Taylor,
Commanding army of occupation^ Texas.
[Translation.]
AntoJiio Canales^ brigadier general of the republic of Mexico j colo-
nel of active militia, ajid in command of an auxilliary regiment
on the northern frontier.
Citizens: An arbitrary power has been established in Mexico,
derogatory to our legally constituted authorities. One part of the
army (or, if you like, the whole of it) has been the author of so
scandalous an achievement. Like the Praetorian guards, who de-
stroyed the nationality of Rome, our soldiers have been made the
arbitrators and regulators of the destinies of our country. Can
you suffer this with supineness? The inhabitants of the northern
frontier are not to be so persuaded. I am satisfied of their senti-
ments, and they will perish a thousand times before they will
recognize a government without a national election, and wiihout
more authority to command than the ephemeral and momentary
triumph of his arms over the capital of the republic.
Citizens: This is worthless, as we have before seen — a council of
generals is not able to judge of the institutions of the country.
These are not military crimes that the Regulations will bring under
their cognizance.
More than this it is useless to say of the grievances of those un-
natural soldiers who have turned their arms against their country.
But if you are sensible of it, what necessity for explanations'?
Eloquence and even language itself is superfluous. No one knows
the intensenets of grief better than him who suffers. By your ef-
forts, you passed from a federal to a central government, un»>er
which you were promised the loftiest riches, glory, and respecta-
bility, but a mournful and very grievous experience has convinced
us that to nations once tl^s constituted, such a change, ingtead of
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 123
"benefits, has brought nothing but humiliation before strangers,
misery, and, if we succumb, our slavery and that of our children.
The federal constitution was sanctioned in 1824, by the constitu-
tional congress; let us turn and read its glorious manifest, and then
hate more and more the authors of our disgrace.
Let us then declare an eternal w^ar to the death; thus should the
people do who rise against their oppressors. Let our voice be
unanimous; liberty or death to our tyrants, and triumph will crown
your efforts.
This plan w^hich I have this day announced to my regiment has
no other object. To save Mexico or perish is our resolution.
God will help us; for his providence only, in wrath, has given
these tyrants dominion over us.
These are the sentiments of the northern frontier, and those of
your fellow-citizen and friend,
ANTONIO CANALES.
Camargo, February^ 1846.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Caynp at ^^ El Sauce,^^ 119 miles from Corpus Christi,
March 18, 1846.
Sir: I avail myself of a chance opportunity to Corpus Christi to
report that I have advanced to this point with the cavalry and 1st
brigade of infantry. The 2d brigade e.ncamps to-night about seven
miles in my rear; the 3d brigade about nineteen. I shall concentrate
all my force on reaching the Little Colorado, thirteen miles in my
front, so as be prepared for any contingency. I am happy to say
that all the corps of the army are in fine condition and spirits,
equal to any service that may be before them.
Within the last two days, our advance has met with small armed
parties of Mexicans, who seemed disposed to avoid us. They were,
doubtless, thrown out to get information of our advance.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. Jl., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army ^
Washington, D. C.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp 3 miles south of the Arroyo Colorado, March 21, 1846.
Sir: I respectfully report that my forces are now concentrated
at this point, the 3d brigade having joined me to-day. We are
nearly north of Matamoras, and about 30 miles distant.
The Arroya Colorado is a salt river, or rather lagoon, nearly one
hundred yards broad, and so deep as barely to be fordable. It
would have formed a serious obstruction to our march had the
124 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
enemy chosen to occupy its right bank, even with a small force.
On the 19th, the advanced corps encamped within three miles of
the ford, and a reconnoissance was pushed forward to the river.
A party of irregular cavalry (rancheros) was discovered on the op-
posite bank, but threw no obstacle in the way of examining the
ford. They, however, signified to the officer charged with the re-
connoissance that it would be considered an act of hostility if we
attempted to pass the river, and 'that we should, in that case, be
treated as enemies. Under these circumstances, not knowing the
amount of force that might be on the other bank, I deemed it pru-
dent to make dispositions to pass the river under fire, for which
please see my " orders," No. 33. At an early hour on the 20th,
the cavalry and 1st brigade of infantry were in position at the ford,
the batteries of field artillery being so placed as to sweep the op-
posite bank. While these dispositions were in progress, the party
that had shown themselves the day before again made their ap-
pearance. I sent Captain Mansfield to communicate with the
officer in command, who said that he had positive orders to fire
upon us if we attempted to cross the river. Another party then
made its appearance, and passed the river to communicate with me.
One of them (who was represented as the adjutant general of the
Mexican troops) repeated substantially what had been sent before,
viz: that they had peremptory orders to fire upon us, and that it
would be considered a declaration of war if we passed the river.
He placed in my hands, at the same time, a proclamation of Gen-
eral Mejia, issued at Matamoras a day or two previous, which I
enclose. I informed the officer that I should immediately cross
the river, and if any of his party showed themselves on the other
bank after the passage commenced, they would receive the fire of
our artillery. In the meantime, the 2d brigade (which had en-
camped some miles in my rear) came up and formed on the extreme
right. The crossing was then commenced and executed in the or-
der prescribed. Not a shot was fired; and a reconnoissance of cav-
alry, sent immediately forward, discovered the party which had
occupied the bank retreating in the direction of Matamoras. Agree-
ably to my orders, they were not molested. The cavalry and 1st
and 2d brigades of infantry, with a train of two hundred wagons,
crossed over and encamped at this point, three miles distant, at an
early hour in the afternoon.
I have thought proper to make a detailed report of this opera-
tion, as being the first occasion on which the Mexicans have shown
themselves in an attitude decidedly hostile. It has also furnished
an excellent opportunity for the instruction of the troops, and for
displaying their discipline and spirit, which, I am gratified to be
able to say, were everything that could be desired.
I am compelled to remain at this point until joined by the sup-
ply train of the 3d brigade, which is unavoidably in the rear. On
the 23d, at latest, I expect to resume the march, but am not fully
decided as to the direction. While Matamoras is the point to be
ultimately attained, it is necessary, at the same time, to cover our
supplies, which will soon arrive at Point Isabel.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 125
From the best information I am able to obtain, the enemy is not
in force on this side of the Rio Grande. A few rancheros are still
on the route hence to Matamoras. It is believed that there may-
be nearly 2,000 troops in that place, but what proportion of regu-
lar troops I cannot state with confidence. The arrival of General
Ampudia is expected from the interior, but the accounts I receive
of his movements are quite contradictory.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army.,
Washington^ D. C
'El General en Gefe de las fuerzas avanzadas sabre el enemigo, dlos
habitantes de este departamento y d las tropas de su mando.
CoNciuDADANOs: La agregacion del departamento de Tejas a los
Estados-Unidos, promovida y'consumada por la tortuosa politica
del gabinete del Norte, no satisface todavia los proyectos ambicio-
sos de los degenerados hijos de Washington. El mundo civilizado
ha reconocido ya en aquel acto de usurpacion todos los caracteres
de la injusticia, de la iniquidad, de la mas escandalosa violacien
del derecho de gentes. Indelible es la mancha que oscurecera per-
petuamente las mentidas virtudes del pueblo norte-americano; y la
posteridad vera con asombro la perfida conducta, la inraoralidad de
los medios empleados para llevar a cabo la mas degradante depre-
dacion. El derecho de conquista siempre ha sido un crimen contra
la humanidad; pero las naciones celosas de su dignidad y reputa—
cion, han procurado siquiera cubrirlo con el brillo de las armas y
el prestigio de la victoria. A los Estados-Unidos estaba reservado
poner en practica la disimulacion, el engano, las mas bajas insidias
para apoderarse, en medio de la paz, del territorio de una nacion
amiga, y honrosamente confiada en la fe de las promesas, en la
solemnidad de los tratados.
No se detiene sin embargo el gabinete del Norte en su carrera de
usurpacion. No es solamente el departamento de Tejas la presa a
que aspira: su codicia se estiende hasta la rivera izquierda del Rio
Bravo. El ejercito estacionado hace algun tiempo en Corpus-Cris-
ti, avanza ya para tomar posesion de una gran parte de Tamaulipasj
y su vanguardia ha llegado hasta el Arroyo Colorado, punto dis-
tante catorce leguas de esta plaza. i,Que esperanza queda, pues, a
la repiiblica Mexicana de tratar con un enemigo, q.ue al mismo tiem-
po de procurar adormecer abriendo negociaciones diplomaticas,
procede a ocupar un territoria que nunca podra ser objeto de la
cuestion pendiente? Los limites de Tejas son ciertos y reconocidos:
jamas han pasado del Rio de las Nueces; y sin embargo, el ejercito
Americano ha salvado la linea que separa a Tamaulipas de aquel de-
partamento. Aun cuando Mexico pudiera olvidar que los Estados-
¥nidos promovieron y auxiliaron la rebelion de los antigiios colo-
126 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
liosj y que el principio de que un pueblo independiente tiene derecho
para agregarse a otra nacion, no es aplicable al caso de haber side
esta la protectora de la independencia de aquel, con el objeto de
admitirlo despues en su seno: aun cuando fuera dable aceptar como
acsioma del derecho internacional, que la vioiacion de toda regla
de moralidad y justicia puede servir de titulo legitimo de adquisi-
cion; todavia el territorio de Tamaulipas quedaria fuera de la ley
de agregacion, sancionada por el congreso Americano, porque ella
solo comprende a Tejas independiente, al terreno ocupado por la
colonia sublevada, y de ninguna manera a otros departamentos, en
que el gobierno Mejicano ha ejercido sin interrupcion su legitima
autoridad.
CoMPATRioTAs: Con un enemigo que no respeta ni sus propias
leyes, que se burla sin pudor de los mismos principios que ha invo-
cado ante el mundo entero para cohonestar sus miras ambiciosas,no
nos queda otro recurso que el de las armas. Por fortuna siempre
estamos dispuestos a empunarlas con gloria en defensa de la patria:
poca es la sangre que corre por nuestras venas cuando se trata de
derramarla para vindicar nuestro honor, para afianzar nacionalidad
e independencia. Si al torrente devastador que nos amenaza es nece-
sario oponer un dique de acero, lo formaran nuestras espadas, y en
sus puntas agudas recogeran los invasores el fruto de su sonada
conquista. Si las margenes del Panuco se ban inmortalizado con
la derrota de un enemigo respetable y digno del valor Mejicano; las
orillas del Bravo seran testigos de la ignominia de los orguUosos
hijos del Norte, y sus profundas aguas serviran de sepulcro a los
que osaren acercarse a ellas. La llama del patriotismo que arde en
nuestros corazones recibira nuevo pabulo con la odiosa presencia de
los conquistadores; y el eco de Dolores y de Iguala resonara con
armonia ennuostros oidos, al romper la marcha pLira oponer nues-
tros desnudos pechos a los rifles de los cazadores del Mississippi.
Habitantes de la frontera: No estamos abandonados a nuestros
propios recursos: el supremo gobierno vela infatigable por nuestra
seguridad y salvacion. Un ejercito fuerte y aguerrido avanza ra-
pidamente para tomar parte en la luchaj y con su poderoso auxilio
alcanzaremos la mas completa victoria. Pero mientras llega el an-
helado dia de emprender la gran campaiia para reconquistar todo el
territorio usurpado, y que nuestras aguilas estiendan sus triunfantes
alas sobre las margenes del Sabina; nosotros que tenemos la gloria
de encontrarnos al frente de los invasores debemos servir de barrera
impenetrable. Nuestra obligacion es tan grande como sagrada: no
hay sacrificio que no debamos hacer en las aras de la patria. Se
trata de defender los intereses mas caros al corazon del horabre: se
trata de nuestrO hogar domestico: se trata de nuestr s costum-
tres: se trata de nuestro idioma: se trata de la augusta creencia
que heredamos de nuestros antepasados Todos (stos inapreciables
bienes desaparecerian, si los invasores llegasan a afianzar su con-
quista. i,Y que Mejicano digno de este-nombre podra resignarse,
sin combatir hasta la rauerte, a ver degenerar su noble raza bajo
la aborrecible dominacion del extrangero'? Ninguno : el elevado
sentimiento del honor nucional domina en nuestros corazones ; y
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 127
desde los confines mas remotos de H republica volaran a con-
servarlo ileso, millares de heroes alentados con el ejemplo de
Hidalgo y de Morelos.
SoLDADOs : Ha sonado la hora del peligro : conoceis vuestro
deber, y sabreis cumplirlo con lealtad y patriotismo. Tengo el
honor de encontrarme a vuestro frente, y estoy persuadido del
ardor con que deseais el momento del corabate. La conciencia de
vuestra superioridad os asegura la raas esplendida victoria. Que
avance, pues, el enemigo a quien deseais saludar en el campo de
batalla : combatiremos, y la corona del triunfo sera el merecido
premio de vuestro valor y diciplina. {A las armas I [Viva la-
nacion Mejicana ! / Viva la independencia !
FRANCISCO MEJIA.
MatamoraSj Marzo 18, de 1846.
[Translation.]
The g en eral-in- chief of the forces assembled against the enemyy
to the inhabitants of this department and the troops under his
command.
Fellow Citizens : The annexation of the department of Texas
to the United States, projected and consummated by the tortuous
policy of the cabinet of the Union, does not yet satisfy the am-
bitious desires of the degenerate sons of Washington. The civil-
ized world has already recognised in that act all the marks of
injustice, iniquity, and the most scandalous violation of the rights
of nations. Indelible is the stain which will forever darken the
character for virtue falsely attributed to the people of the United
States • and posterity will regard with horror their perfidious con-
duct, and the immorality of the means employed by them to carry
into effect that most degrading depredation. The right of conquest
has always been a crime against humanity ; but nations jealous of
their dignity and reputation have endeavored at least to cover it
by the splendor of arms, and the prestige of victory. To the
United States it has been reserved to put in practice dissimulation,
fraud, and the basest treachery, in order to obtain possession, in
the midst of peace, of the territory of a friendly nation, which
generously relied upon the faith of promises and the solemnity of
treatips.
The cabinet of the United States does not, however, stop in its
career of usurpation. Not only does it aspire to the possession of
the department of Texas, but it covets also the regions on the left
bank of the Rio Bravo. Its army, hitherto for some time stationed
at Corpus Chrlsti, is now advancing to take possession of a large
part of Taraaulipas ; and its vanguard has arrived at the Arroyo
Colorado, distant 18 leagues from this place. What expectations,
therefore, can the Mexican government have of treating with an
enemy, who, whilst endeavoring to lull us into security, by open-
128 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
ing diplomatic negotiations, proceeds to occupy a territory which
never could have been the object of the pending discussion '?
The limits of Texas are certain and recognised ; never have they
extended beyond the river Nueces; notwithstanding which, the
American army has crossed the line separating Tamaulipas from
that department. Even though Mexico could forget that the
United States urged and aided the rebellion of the former colonists,
and that the principle giving to an independent people the right
to annex itself to another nation is not applicable to the case, in
which the latter has been the protector of the independence of
the former, with the object of admitting it into its own bosom ;
even though it could be accepted as an axiom of international
law, that the violation of every rule of morality and justice might
serve as a legitimate title for acquisition ; nevertheless, the terri-
tory of Tamaulipas would still remain beyond the law of annexa-
tion, sanctioned by the American Congress; because that law
comprises independent Texas, the ground occupied by the re-
Taellious colony, and in no wise includes other departments, in
which the Mexican government has uninterruptedly exercised its
legitimate authority.
Fellow-countrymen : With an enemy which respects not its own
laws, which shamelessly derides the very principles invoked by it
previously, in order to exc-use its ambitious views, we have no
other resource than arms. We are fortunately always prepared to
take them up with glory, in defence of our countr^^ ; little do we
regard the blood in our veins, when we are called on to shed it in
vindication of our honor, to assure our nationality and inde-
pendence. If to the torrent of devastation which threatens us it
be necessary to oppose a dike of steel, oui swords will form it ;
and on their sharp points wnll the enemy regeive the fruits of his
anticipated conquest. If the banks of the Panuco have been im-
mortalized by the defeat of an enemy, respectable and worthy of
the valor of Mexico, those of the Bravo shall witness the ignominy
of the proud sons of the north, and its deep w^aters shall serve as
the sepulchre of those who dare to approach it. The flame of
patriotism which burns in our hearts will receive new fuel from
the odious presence of the conquerors ; and the cry of Dolores and
Icruala shall be re-echoed wnth harmony to our ears, when we take
up our march to oppose our naked breasts to the rifles of the
hunters of the Mississippi.
Inhabitants of the frontier : We are not left to our own re-
sources ; the supreme government watches indefatigably for our
safety and protection. A strong and warlike army is rapidly ad-
vancing to take part in the struggle, and with its powerful aid we
shall achieve the most complete victory. Until the long wished
for day shall arrive, when we enter upon the great campaign for
the re-conquest of the territory of which we have been despoiled,
and to carry our eagles in triumph to the banks of the Sabine, we,
who have the glory to be in front of the invaders, must serve as
an impenetrable barrier. Our obligation is great as it is sacred,
and there is no sacrifice which we are not bound to make upon the
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 12^
altars of our country. We have to defend the interests most dear
to the heart of man : our domestic hearths, our customs, our lan-
guage, the august faith handed down to us by our ancestors, all
are at stake. All these inestimable blessings will vanish if the
invaders succeed in establishing their conquest. And what Mexi-
can, worthy of tfie name of Mexican, can resign himself without
fighting to the death to see his noble race degene»ate under the
abhorred dominion of foreigners 7 No one ; the high sentiment
of national honor rules in our hearts, and from the remotest' con- -
fines of the republic thousands of heroes will fly, animated by the
example of Hidalgo and Morelos, to preserve its integrity.
Soldiers: The hour of danger is come; you knov/ your duty, and
will fulfil it with honor and patriotism. I have the honor to be at
your head, and I am persuaded of the ardor with which you will
look forward to the moment of combat. Consciousness of your
superiority assures to you the most splendid victory. Let the ene-
my then come, whom you are burning to meet on the field of bat-
tle. We will fight and the crown of triumph shall be the meTitecl
reward of your valor and discipline. To arms! The Mexican na-
tion forever! Independejice forever!
FRANCISCO MEJIA.
Matamoras, March 18, 1846.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Point Isabel, March 25, 1846.
Sir: I respectfully report that I marched on the morning of the
23d instant with the entire army, from the camp near the Colarado,
is the order prescribed in ray order No. 35, herewith enclosed.
After a march of fifteen miles, we reached, on the morning of the
24th, a point on the route from Matamoras to Point Isabel, eigh-
teen miles from the former and ten from the latter place. I here
left the infantry brigades under Brigadier General Worth, with in-
structions to proceed in the direction of Matamaras until he came
to a suitable position for encampment, where he %vould halt, hold-
ing the route in observation, while I proceeded with the cavalry to
this point to communicate with our transports, supposed to have
arrived in the harbor, and make the necessary arrangements for the
establishment and defence of a depot.
While on my way hither, our column was approached by a party
on its right flaak, bearing a white flag. It proved to be a civil de-
putation from Matamoras, desiring an interview with me. I in-
formed them that I would halt at the first suitable place on the
road and afford them the desired interview. It was, however, found
necessary, from the want of water, to continue the route to this
place. The deputation halted while yet some miles from Point Is-
abel, declining to come further, and sent me a formal protest of the
prefect of the northern district of Tamaulipas against our occupa-
tion of the country, which I enclose herewith. At this moment, it
9
130 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
was discovered that the buildings at Point Isabel were ia flames. I-
then informed the bearer of the protest that I would answer it when
opposite Matamoras, and dismissed the deputation. I considered
the conflagration before my eyes as a decided evidence of hostility,
and was not willing to be trifled with any longer, particularly as
I had reason to believe that the prefect, in making this protest, was
but a tool of the military authorities at Matamorai.
The advanc^of the cavalry fortunately arrived here in season to
arrest the fire, v;hich consumed but three or four houses. The port
captain, who committed the act under the orders, it is said, of Gen-
eral Mejia, had made his escape before its arrival. We found
two or three inoffensive Mexicans here, the rest having left for
Matamoras.
I was gratified to find that the water expedition had exactly an-
swered to our land movement; the steamers arriving in the harbor
only two or three hours before we reached Point Isabel, with the
other transports close in the rear. The " Porpoise " and "Law-
rence," brigs-of-war, and cutter "Woodbury," are lying outside.
I have thought it necessary to order Captain Porter's company to
this place to reinforce Major Munroe. Our great depot must be
here, and it is very important to secure it against any enterprise
of the enemy. The engineer officers are n6w examining the ground
with a view to tracirig lines of defence and strengthening the po-
sition.
As soon as a sufficient amount of supplies can be thrown forward
toward Matamoras, I shall march in the direction of that town and
occupy a position as near it as circumstances will permit.
I enclose a sketch prepared by my aid-de-camp. Lieutenant EatODj,
exhibiting the route of march since leaving the Colorado, and the
bearings of important points.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. Army^ commanding.
» The Adjutant Genekal of the Army^
Washington y B.C.
' [Original.]
Prefectura del Norte de Tamaulipas.
Aunque la cuestion pendiente sobre agregacion del departaraento^
de Tejas a los. E. U., se encuentra sujeta a la resolucion del go-
bierno supremo Mejicano, el hecho de habor abanrado el ejercito
que se halia a las ordenes de V. S., traspasando la linea que ecupa-
ba en Corpus Christi, me pone en la obligacion como prima auto-
ridad pohtica del distrito del Nor'e de Tamaulipas de dirigirme a
Y. S. como tengo e! honor de verificarlo por me dio de la comis-
sion que pondra esta nota en sus manos, manifestandole; que alar-
mados justamente los pueblos que dependen de esta prefectura coft
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 131
la invacion de un ejercito que sin previa d; claracion de guerra, y
sin anunciar explicitamente el objeto que se propone viene ocupan-
do un terrilorio que nunca lia pertenecido d la colonia subleveda,
no ban podido veer con indiferencia un procedimiento tan contrario
a la conducta que observan las naciones civilizadas y a los princi-
pios mas claras del derecho de gentes; que dirigidos por el honor
y patriotismo, y ciertos de que nada se ha dicho oficialinente por el
gabinete de la Union al gobierno Mc jii ano, respecto a en sanchar
los limites de Tejas hasta la orilla izquierda del Rio Bravo, y que
confiados los ciudadanos de este distrito en la notoria justicia de ser
causa y en uso del derecho natural de la defenza, protestan por un
organo de la manera mas solemne que ni ahora ni en tiempo alguno
consienten, ni consentiran en separaise de !a republica Mejicano y
unirse a la de los E. U. del Norte, y que se encuentran res,jieltos a
llevar a cabo esta firme delerminacion, resistiendo hasta donde al-
cansen«sus fuerzas siempre y cuando el ejercito que marcha a las
ordenes de V. S., no retroceda a orupar sus antiguas posiciones*
pues permaneciendo en el territorio de Tamaulipas deben considerar
sus habitantes, que cualquiera que scan las protestas sobre la paz
con que viene convidando, por parte de V.' S. se ban roto abierta-
mente las hostilidades, cuyas lamentab'es consecuencias seran ante
el mundo entero de la esclusiva resp'on'abilidad de los invasores.
Tengo el honor de dicirlo a V. S. con el fin indicado, manifes-
tandole mi consideracion y aprecio.
Dios y Libertad. Santa Rita, Marzo 23, de 1846.
JENES CARDENAS.
P. E. S.: Juan Jose Pineda.
Senor Gen. Don. Z. Taylor.
[Translation.]
Officeof the prefect of the northern district
of the department of Tamaulipas.
God and Liberty!
Santa Rita, March 23, 1846.
Sir: Although the pending question respecting the annexation
of the department of Texas to the United States is'subject to the
decision of the supreme government of Mexico, the fact cf the
advance of the army under your excellency's orders, over the line
occupied by you at Corpus Christi, places me under the necessity,
as the^chief political authority of the northern district of Tamau-
lipas, "to address you, as I have now the honor to do, throujjh the
commissioners, who will place this in your hands, and to inform
you that the people, under this prefecture, being justly alarmed at
the invasion of an army, which, without any previous declaration
of war, and without announcing explicitly the object proposed by
it, comes lo occupy a territory which never belonged to the insur-
gent province, cannot regaril with indifference a proceeding so con-
trary to the conduct observed towards each other by civilized na-
Sl!/
132 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
tions, and to the clearest principles of the law of nations; that,
directed by honor and patriotism, and certain that nothing has been
said officially by the cabinet of the Union to the Mexican govern-
ment, respecting the extension of the limits of Texas to the left
bank of the Rio Bravo, trusting in the well-known justice of their
cause, and using their natural right of defence, they (the citizens
of this district) protest, in the most solemn manner, that neither
now nor at any time do they, or will they, consent to separate
themselves from the Mexican republic, and to unite themselves with
the United States, and that they are resolved to carry this firm de-
termination into effect, resisting, so far as their strength will enable
them, at all times and places, until the army under your excellen-
cy's orders shall recede and occupy its former positions; because,
so long as it remains within the territory of Tamaulipas, the in-
habitants must consider that whatsoever protestations of peace>may
be made, hostilities have been openly commenced by your excel-
lency, the lamentable consequences of which will rest before the
world exclusively on the heads of the invaders.
I have the honor to say this to your excellency, with the object
indicated, and to assure you of my consideration and esteem.
JENES CARDENAS.
Juan Jose Pineda.
To General Z. Taylor, SjX.
[Extract.]
Camp on the left bank of the Rio Grande,
Opposite Matamoras, March 29, 1846. •
Sir: I have the honor to report that I arrived at this camp yes-
terday with the forces under my command, no resistance having
been offered to my advance to the banks of the river, nor any act
of hostility committed by the Mexicans, except the capture of two
of our dragoons, sent forward from the advanced guard. I deem
it possible that these two men may have deserted to the enemy, as
one of them, at least, bears a bad character. Our approach seems
to have created much excitement in Matamoras, and a great deal of
activity has been displayed since our arrival in the preparation of
batteries. The left bank is now under reconnoissance of our engi-
neer officers, and I shall lose no time in strengthening our position
by such defensive works as may be necessary, employing for that
purpose a portion of the heavy guns brought round by sea.
The attitude of the Mexicans is so far decidedly hostile. Aa
interview has been held, by my direction, with the military authori-
ties in Matamoras, but with no satisfactory result.
Under this state of things, I must again and urgently call your
attention to the necessity of speedily sending recruits to this army.
The militia of Texas are so remote from the border * * *•
that we cannot depend upon their aid.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 133
The strength gained by filling up the regiments here, even to the
present feeble establishment, would be of very great importance.
I respectfully enclose a field report of the force now in this
camp.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^ . '
Washington^ D. C.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp on the left hank of the Rio Grande,
Opposite MatamoraSy Texas, April 6, 1846.
Sir; I have to report no material change in the aspect of affairs
here since ray despatch of the 29th ult. The Mexicans still retain
a hostile attitude, and have thrown up some works, evidently de-
signed to prevent us from crossing the river. From .information on
which I can rely, these works are scantily armed with guns of in-
ferior calibre, and would oppose very feeble obstacles in case the
turn of affairs should carry our operations to the other bank.
On our side a battery for four 18-pounders will be completed,
and the guns placed in battery to-day. These guns bear directly
upon the public square of Matamoras, and within good range for
demolishing the town. Their object cannot be mistaken by the
enemy, and will, I think, effectually restrain him from any enter-
prises upon ouii side of the river. A strong bastioned field fort, for
a garrison of 500 men, has been laid out by the engineers in rear
of the battery, and will be commenced immediately. This work
will enable a brigade to maintain this position against any Mexican
odds, and will leave me free to dispose of the other corps as con-
siderations of health and convenience may render desirable.
The two dragoons that were taken prisoners, as reported in my"
communication of the 29th ultimo, have been returned by General
Mejia upon my application; but no further intercourse has been
carried on with the authorities on the other side since my last
despatch. Efforts are continually making to entice our men to de-
sert, and, I regret to say, have met with considerable success.
Four, however, have been drowned in swimming the river, and two
have been killed by our pickets while attempting to desert, which
has operated to check the practice. A majority of those who have
deserted are old offenders. •
I respectfully enclose the minutes of an interview held on the
day of our arrival, between General Worth and General De La
Vega, the second in command in Matamoras. I deemed it proper
and respectful to announce formally the purpose of our advance to
the Pv-io Grande, and afford an opportunity to establish friendly re-'
lations, if practicable. You will perceive that the Mexican au-
thorities persist in considering our march as an act of war in itself;
134 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
and I believe they would so treat it, and attempt to drive us from
, our position, if they felt sufficient confidence in their strength.
I have no v^ry accurate information as to the number of regular
troops in Mataraoras, but I am quite confident that it does not reach
2,000, and that of very bad. description, and miserably armed. We
hear that General Ampudia is daily expected, and that they are
only waiting his arrival with heavy reinforcements to attack us.
The position of our camp is naturally strong, and, without the aid
of artificial defences, I feel quite secure against any offensive
movement of the enemy.
We have no news upon which we can depend from the interior
of Mexico, the last authentic date being still March 2, from Vera
Cruz. )
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brig. Gen. U. S. Ji., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
Minutes of an interview hetween Brigadier General W. J. Worthy
TJnited States army, and General Romulo Vega, of the Mexican
army, held on the right bank of the Rio Grande, 28th March,
1846.
On exhibiting a white flag on the left bank of the Rio Grande, a
boat, with two officers, (represented as cavalry officers,) with an
interpreter, the same who appeared at the crossing of the Colorado,
and a fourth person, crossed from the right bank of the river.
It was stated through an interpreter (Mr. Mitchell) that a gen-
eral officer of the United States army had been sent by his com-
manding general with despatches to the commanding general at
Matamoras and the civil authorities, and an interview requested.
After some conversation explanatory of the above, the Mexican
party re-crossed the river to report to the commanding general at
Matamoras, and return with his reply. An open note for the
American consul in Matamoras, with an endorsement on the back
in pencil, was delivered to the Mexican officer by General Worth,
who replied that he should hand it to the commanding general.
"Certainly, of course," was General Worth's remark in reply.
On the return of the sajpe party. General Mejia sent word that,
if the commanding general of the American forces desired a con-
ference with the commanding general of the Mexican forces, it
would readily be complied with; but, as the American commander
had designated a subordinate officer to meet General Mejia, the
commanding officer of the Mexican forces. General Mejia, could
not entertain such a proposition, but that an officer of correspond-
ing rank and position in the Mexican forces would be designated
to receive any communication sent by General Taylor.
It was perceived that the relation of the parties was misappre-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 135
iended, they supposing that a conference was requested; this was
corrected immediately, and it was reiterated that General Worth
was merely the bearer of despatches, with authority to relate ver-
bally certain matters of interest to the commanding general at
Mataraoras.
The proposition of General Mejia was then acceded to, with the
remark" that this was a mere question of form, which should not be
permitted to interfere with any arrangements necessary'to the con-
tinuance of the friendly relations now existing between the two
.governments.
The Mexican party returned to the right bank, and, after a short
absence, returned, stating that General Romulo Vega would re-
ceive General Worth on the right bank of the river (their own
proposition) for the reception of any communication which Gen-
eral Worth might have to make from the commanding general.
General Worth then crossed the river, accompanied by Lieu-
' tenant Smith, A. D. C, Lieutenants Magruder, Deas, and , Blake,
attached to his staff, together with Lieutenant Knowlton as inter-
preter.
On arriving at the right bank of the river, General Worth was
received by General Vega with becoming courtesy and respect, and
introduced to "the authorities of Matamoras," represented in the
person of the Licenciado Casares.,
On the Mexican part were present General Vega, the Licenciado
Casares, two officers, (representied as cavalry officers,) an inter-
preter, with a person named Juan N. Garza, official de Defensores.
After the usual courtesies on meeting, it was stated by General
Worth that he was bearer of despatches from the commanding gen-
eral of the American forces to General Mejia and the civil author-
ities of Matamoras; a written and unsealed document was pro-
duced, and General Vega desiring to know its contents, it was care-
fully read and translated into Spanish by the Mexican interpreter.
General Vega then stated that he had been directed to receive
such communications as General Woith might present from his
commanding general, going on to say that the march of the United
States troops through a part of the Mexican territory (Tamaulipas)
was considered as an act of war.
General Worth. — I am well aware that some of the Mexican,
people consider it an aggressive act, but — (interrupted by the Mex-
ican interpreter, and after a slight discussion of the international
question on the part of General Vega) — peneral Worth repeated
the above remark, adding that it was not so considered by his gov-
ernment; that the army had been ordered there by his government,
and there it would remain; whether rightfully or otherwise, that
s was a matter to be settled between the two governments. General
Vega, still disposed to argue the merits of the case, was told by
General Worth that he came to state facts, not to argue them.
General Worth here stated that he had been sent with a despatch
from his commanding general to General Mejia; that General
Mejia had refused to receive it from him in person; adding, with
emphasis, and some degree of warmth, " I now state that I with-
13G Ex. Doc. No. 60.
(draw this clespatcL," having read it merely as an act of courtesy
lo General Vega; that, in addition to the written despatch to Gen-
eral Mejia, I am authorized to express verbally the sentiments with'
"which the commanding general proposed to carry out the instruc-
tions of his government, in which he hoped to preserve the peace-
able relations between the two governments, leaving all questions
l)eiv.'een the two countries to be settled by their respective govern-
ments; and if, hereafter, General Mejia wished to communicate
with Geuefal Taylor, he. General Mejia, must propose the means,
assuring General Vega that^ should General Mejia present himself
or his communications by a subaltern officer, in either case they
^would be received with becoming courtesy and hospitality.
The question of right of territory was again opened by General
Vega, who asked how the United States government would view
the matter should the Mexican troops march into or occupy a por-
tion of the territory of the United States'?
General Worth replied that General Vega might probably be
familiar with the old proverb, " Sufficient for the day is the evil"
thereof," and that it would be time enough to reply to such a pro-
position when the act itself was perpetrated-
This proverb did not appear to have been translated by the Mex-
ican interpreter, but was received by General Vega with a smile
and slight shrug."
General Worth. — Is the American consul in arrest, or in prisonl
General Vega. — No.
General Worth; — Is he now -in the exercise of his proper func-
tions?
General Vega, after apparently consulting with the Licenciado
Casares for a m.oment, replied that he was.
General Worth. — Then, as an American officer, in the name of
my government and my commanding general, I demand an inter- '
"view with the consul of my country. (No reply.)
General Worth. — Has Mexico declared War against the United
States?
General Vera. — No.
General V/orth. — Are the two countries still at peace?
General Vega. — Yes.
General Worth. — Then I again demand an interview with the
consul of my government, in Matamoras; in the presence, of
course, of these gentlemen, or any other that the commanding gen-
eral in Matamoras may be pleased to designate. General Vega
reiterated that the consul was in the proper exercise of his func-
tions; that he was not in arrest, nor were any other Americans in
arrest in Matamoras; that he would submit the demand to General
Mejia, adding that he thought there would be great difficulty.
This demand was repeatedly made in the most emphatic manner,,
and a reply requested; General Vega stating the consul continued
in the exercise of his functions, and that General Worth's demand
-would be submitted to General Mejia.
Here the interview was suspended, while the Licenciado left the
party to submit (as was understood) the demand for an interview
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 137
-with the consul to General Mejia. While en^ag^d in friendly in-
tercourse, General Worth stated to General Vega, in an informal
manner, as an evidence of the good faith, intentions, and disposi-
tion of his commanding general, that he. General Taylor, was well
aware of the importance of Brazos Santiago to the commerce and
business community of Mataraoras; that he respected their laws
and customs, and would freely grant entrance and exit to all Mex-
ican and other vessels trading with Matamoras on the same terms
as before its occupation by the United States, leaving all questions
arising therefrom tp be settled hereafter by the two governments.
At the expiration of about a quarter of an hour, the Licenciado
Casares returned and reported that General Mejia would not ac-
cede to the request for an interview on the part of General Worth;
saying nothing, however, relative to the question of the consul.
General Vega was then again informed that the despatch intended
to be delivered to General Mejia by General Worth, in person,
■would be returned by him. General W., to his commanding gen-
eral, considering any other disposition of it as disrespectful to him;
repeating that it had been read to General Vega as an act of cour-
tesy to him, and that General Mejia must take his own measures
of communicating with General Taylor, adding that whether Gen-
eral Mejia should send a superior or subaltern officer to General
Taylor, at all times accessible, he would be received with becoming
courtesy and tiospitality. General Worth then presented a written
and sealed document for the civil authorities of Matamoras, which
"was received by General Vega and immediately transferred to the
Licenciado Casares.
General Vega. — Is it the intention of General Taylor to remain
"with his army on the left bank of the Rio Grande?
General Worth. — Most assuredly, and there to remain until di-
rected otherwise by his government.
General Vega remarked that "we" felt indignation at seeing the
American flag placed on the Rio Grande, a portion of the Mexican .
territory.
General Worth replied, that was a matter of taste; notwithstand-
ing, there it would remain. The army had been ordered to oc-
cupy its present position by its government; it has come in a
peaceable rather than belligerent attitude, with a determination to
respect the rights and customs of those on the right bank of the
Rio Grande, while it offers protection to ail on the left bank within
the territory of the United States.
No reply having been receiTed from General Vega relative to
the demand for an interview with the American consul, the ques-
tion was again introduced by General Worth, and the demand for
the last. time reiterated.
General Vega then promptly refused to comply with the demand;
replying, without waiting for the interpretation, "No, no."
General Worth. — I have now to state that a refusal of my de-
mand to see the American consul is regarded as a belligerent act;
and, in conclusion, I have to add, the commanding general of the
American forces on the left bank of the river will regard the pas-
138 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
sage of any armed party of Mexicans in hostile array across the Rio-
Grande^ an act of war, and pursue it accordingly.
The intfrview here terminated, and General Worth and staff re-
turned to the left bank of the river.
The above is the substance of the interview bet-ween Generals
Worth and Vega; is a fair statement of the conversation, and, as
nearly as possible, stating the'exact words and expressions used oa
the occasion.
M. KNOWLTON,
1st Lieut. 1st Artillery.
J. BANKHEAD MAGRUDER,
1:?^ Lt. 1st Artillery, Acting A. D. C.
ED. DEAS,
1^^ Lieutenant, 4:th Artillery.
J. EDMD. BLAKE,
1^^ Lieut. Top. Eng.
LARKIN SMITH,
1st Lieut, and A. D. C.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Matamoras, Texas, Api'U 15, 1846.
Sir: I have to report that, on the 11th inst.. General Ampudia
arrived at Matamoras with two hundred cavalry, the remainder of
his force, variously estimated from 2,000 to 3,000 men, being some
distance in rear on the route from Monterey. Immediately after
assuming the chief command. General Ampudia ordered all Ameri-
cans to leave Matamoras within twenty-four hours, and repair to
Victoria, a town in the interior of Tamaulipas. He had taken the;
same severe measure at Reinosa, on his w^ay hither. On the 12tk
I received from General Ampudia a despatch, summoning me to
withdraw my force within twenty-four hours, and to fall back be-
yond the river Nueces. To this communication I replied on the i
12th, saying that I should not retrograde from my position. Copies y
of this correspondence are enclosed herewiih. I considered the
letter of General Ampudia sufficient to warrant me in blocking up
the Rio Grande, and stopping all supplies for Matamoras, orders
for which have been given to the naval commander at Brazos San-
tiago.
Notwithstanding the alternative of war presented by General '
Ampudia, no hostile movement has yet been made by his force.
Whether he will feel strong enough to atte-mpt anything when all
his force shall arrive, is very doubtful. Our brigades, occupy
strong positions, beyond reach of fire from the town, and can hold
themselves against many times thoir number of Mexican troops.
In the meantime, our defences here and at Point Isabel are daily
gaining strength. The latter point is well supplied with artillery,
and in a good condition to resist attack. |
I regret to report that Colonel Cross has been missing since the
lOih inst., on which day he rode out alone in the vicinity of our
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 139
■camp. All attempts to trace Lim have hitherto proved fruitless,
and I much fear that he has been waylaid and murdered by ban-
ditti known to be in our neifyhborhood. To-day I address a letter on
the subject to General Ampudia, desiring him to assist in our
eflforts to ascertain the colonel's fate.
I shall authorize the raising of two companies of Texan mounted
men, for service in this quarter, particularly for the purpose of
keeping open our communication with Point Isabel, and relieving
the regular cavalry of a portion of their duties, which are now op-
pressive.
Several resignations of officers have been tendered since our
arrival here. While I regret that such has been the case, I have
still deemed it my duty to throw no obstacle in the way ^f their
acceptance.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. ./3., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Matamoras, Texas, April 12, 1846,
Senor: I have had the honor to receive your note of this date,
in which you summon me to withdraw the forces under my com-
mand from their present position, and beyond the river Nueces,
until the pending question between our governments, relative to the
limits of Texas, shall be settled.
I need hardly advise you that, charged, as I am, in only a mili-
tary capacity, with the performance of specific duties, I cannot
enter into a discussion of the international question involved in the
advance of the American array. You will, however, permit me to
say that the government of the United States has constantly sought
a settlement, by negotiation, of the question of boundary; that an
envoy was despatched to Mexico for that purpose, and that up to
the most recent dates said envoy had not been received by the
actual Mexican government, if indeed he has not received his pass-
ports and left the republic. In the meantime, I have been ordered
to occupy the country up to the left bank of the Rio Grande, until
the boundary shall be definitively settled. In carrying out these
instructions I have carefully abstained from all acts of hostility,
obeying, in this regard, not only the letter of my instructions, but
the plain dictates of justice and humanity.
The instructions under which I am acting will not permit me to
retrograde from the posivion I now occupy. In view of the rela-
tions between our respective governments, and the individual suf-
fering which may result, I regret the alternative which you offer;
but, at the same time, wish it understood that I shall by no means
avoid such alternutive, leaving the responsibility wath those who
140 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Tashly commence hostilities. In conclusion, you will permit me to
give the assurance that, on my part, the laws and customs of war
among civilized nations shall be carefully observed.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant.
Senor General D. Pedro de Ampudia.
[Translation.]
Fourth Military Division, )
General-in-Chief . ^
To^explain to you the many grounds for the just grievances felt
lay the Mexican nation, caused by the United States government,
would be a loss of time, and an insult to your good sense; I therefore
pass at once to such explanations as I consider of absolute necessity.
Your government, in an incredible manner — you will even permit
me to say an extravagant one, if the usage or general rules estab-
lished end received among all civilized nations are regarded — has
not only insulted, but has exasperated the Mexican nation, bearing
its conquering banner to the left bank of the Rio Bravo del Norte;
and in this case, by explicit and definitive orders of my government,
which neither can, will, nor should receive new outrages, I require
you in all form, and at latest in the peremptory term of twenty-four
hours, to break up your camp and retire to the other bank of the
l^ueces river, while our governments are regulating the pending
question in relation to Texas. If you insist in remaining upon the
soil of the department of Tamaulipas, it will clearly result that arms,
and arms alone, must decide the question; and in that case I advise
you that we accept the war to which, with so much injustice on
your part, you provoke us, and tha*, on our part, this war shall be
conducted conformably to the principles established by the most
civilized nations; that is to say, that the law of nations and of war
shall be the guide of my operations; trusting that on your part the
same will be observed.
With this view, I tender you the considerations due to your per-
son and respectable office.
God and Liberty !
Head-quarters at Matamoras,
2 ohlock, P. M. AjiHl 12, 1846.
PEDRO DE AMPUDIA.
Senor General-in-Chief of the United States Jir my ^
Don Z. Taylor.
Head-quarters, Army of Ocoupatio]*,
Camp near Matamoras^ Texas, April 26, 1846,
Sir : I have respectfully to report that General Arista arrived in
Hatamoras on the 24th inst., and assumed the chief command of
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 141
the Mexican troops. On the same day he addressed me a commu-
nication, conceived in courteous terms, but saying that he consid-
ered hostilities commenced, and should prosecute them. A transla-
tion of his note, and a copy of my reply, will be transmitted the
moment they can be prepared. I despatch this by an express which
is now waiting.
I regret to report that a party of dragoons, sent out by me on the
24th inst., to watch the course of the river above on this bank, be-
came engaged with a very large force of the enemy, and after a
short affair, in which some sixteen were killed and wounded, appear
to have been surrounded and compelled to surrender. Not one of
the party has retuniedj except a wounded man sent in this morning
by the Mexican commander, so that I cannot report with confidence
the particulars of the engagement, or the fate of the officers, except
that Captain Hardee was known to be a prisoner, and unhurt. Cap-
tain Thornton, and Lieutenants Mason and Kane, were the other
officers. The party was 63 strong.
Hostilities may now be considered as commenced, and I have this
day deemed it necessary to call upon the governor of Texas for four
regiments of volunteers, two to be mounted and two to serve as
foot. As some delay must occur in collecting these troops, I have
also desired the governor of Louisiana to send out four regiments
of infantry as soon as practicable. This will constitute an auxiliary
force of nearly 5,000 men, which will be required to prosecute the
war with energy, and carry it, as it should be, into the enemy's .
country. I tru^t the department will approve my course in this
matter, and will give the necessary orders to the staff departments
for the supply of this large additional force.
If a law could be passed authorizing the President to raise vol-
unteers for twelve months, it would be of the greatest importance
for a service so remote from support as this.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. Ji.^ commanding
The Adjutant General of the Army^
* Washington^ D. C.
142 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
DESPATCHES FROM GENERAL TAYLOR.
MESSAGE
TROM THE
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES,
TRANSMITTING
Despatches f7'0jn General Taylor relative to Colonel Cross and miss-
ing lieutenants — General Taylor ordered by the Mexican general
to leave his position on the Rio Grande — blockade^ ^c.
May 12, 1846.
Read, and laid upon the table.
To the Senate and House of Representatives:
I herewith transmit to Congress a copy of a communication
from the officer commanding the army in Texas, with tbe pa-
pers which accompanied it. They were received by the south-
ern mail of yesterday, some hours after my message of that
date had been transmitted, and are of a prior date to one of the
communications from the same officer, which accompanied that
message.
JAMES K. POLK.
Washington, May 12, 1846. « . '
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near MatamoraSj April 23, 1846.
Sir: I have to report that, since my despatch of the 15th in-
stant, the relations between me and the Mexicans have not been
changed'. General Ampudia remains in command in Matamoras,
though it may be regarded as certain that he is no longer in chief
command on the frontier. I have reason to believe that Arista has
succeeded to the command; whether by orders from the central
government, or, as is reported, in consequence of a movement
among the troops themselves, I have not the means of ascertaining.
General Arista is said to be expected hourly in Matamoras.
•
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 143
In :i;y last despatch I advised you that, on the receipt of Gen-
eral Ampudia's summons to fall back from my position, 1 ordered a
hlockade of the mouth of the Rio Grande, deeming this a measure
perfectly proper under the circumstances, and, at the same time,
the most efficient means of letting the Mexican commander under-
stand that this state of quasi war was not to be interpreted to his
advantage only, while we reaped the inconveniences attending it.
On the l7th instant, pursuant to my instructions, Lieutenant Ren-
shaw, of the navy, warned off two American schooners about to
enter the river with provisions. Yesterday, I received from Gen-
eral Ampudia a communication on the subject, a translation of which,
and my reply, are herewith transmitted. I trwst that my course in
this matter will meet the approval of the department. It will, at
any rate, compel the Mexicans either to withdraw their army from
Matamoras, where it cannot be subsisted, or to assume the offen-'
sive on this side of the river.
You will perceive from my "orders," No. 50, that the fate of Co-
lonel Cross has bpen ascertained. His body was discovered in the
forest, about four miles from this camp, and with marks of violence,
leaving no doubt that he was robbed, and cruelly murdered. I
deem it best not to detail the various rumors which ha^e been cur-
rent in regard to the particulars of his death, as nothing conclu-
sive can be gathered from them. I am willing, for the present, to
.believe that it was the act of robbers — not authorised by the Mex-
ican general. I enclose a translation of the answer of General
Ampudia to my inquiry concerning Colonel Cross.
With a ^ iew to check the depredations of small parties of Mex-
icans on this side of the river, Lieutenants Dobbins, 3d infantry,
and Porter, 4th infantry, were authorised by me a few days since,
to scour the country for some miles, with a select party of men, and
capture or destroy any such parties that they might meet. It ap-
pears that they separated, and that Lieutenant Porter, at ttie
head of his own detachment, surprised a Mexican camp, drove away
the men and took possession of their horses. Soon afterwards,
there fell a heavy rain, and, at a moment when the party seem to
have been quite unprepared for an attack, they were fired upon
from the thicket. In attempting to return it, the muskets missed
fire, and the party dispersed in the thicket. The men have gradu-
ally found their way back to camp, with the exception of one, who,
with Lieutenant Porter, is still missing. From the statements of
the men \v\\o have returned, there can be little doubt but that both
were killed. A party is now out in search of them, and I hope,
on its return, to be able to communicate something more de-
finite.
I have also to report, that Lieutenant Deas, 4th artillery, crossed
the river on the night- of the 13th instant, and was imm-^diately
taken up by the Mexican guard. He is now a prisoner of war at
Matamoras. It is supposed that he was laboring under mental alien-
ation at the time he committed this unfortunate act. Be this as it
may, as he voluntarily'placed himself in the hands of the enemy,
144 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
I shall make no effort to reclaim him at present. It is understood
that he is well treated, though under restraint.
The field work is now in a condition of defence, and is aipproach-
ing rapidly to completion.
The recruits under Lieutenant Paul arrived on the 21st instant.
Of the 56 for the general service, 41 have been assigned to the
batteries of field artillery, filling up those companies; the remaining
15, to the 4th infantry. The descriptive roll will be completed
and forwarded as soon as the prescribed inspections are made.
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
V Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. ji., commanding.
The Adjutant General
Of the Army J Washington^ B.C. ^
[Translation.]
Division of the North, (
Second General-in-Chief. ^
From various sources, worthy of confidence, I have learned that
some vessels, bound for the mouth of the river, have not been able
to effect an entrance into that port, in consequence of your orders
that they should be conducted to Brazos Santiago. The cargo of
one of them is composed in great part, and of the other entirely,
of provisions, which the contractors charged with providing for the
army under my orders had prflcured, to fulfil the obligations of
their contracts. You have taken possession of these provisions by
force, and against the will of the proprietors, one of whom is vice
consul of her Catholic Majesty, and the other of her Britannic Ma-
jesty; and w^hose rights, in place of being religiously respected, as
was proffered, and as was to be hoped from the observance of the
principles which govern among civilized nations, have, on the con-
trary, been violated in the most extraordinary manner, opposed to
the guarantee and respect due to private property.
Nothing can have authorized you in such a course. The com-
merce of nations is not suspended or interrupted, except in conse-
quence of a solemn declaration of blockade, communicated and.
established in the form prescribed by international law. Never-
theless, you -have infringed these rules; and, by an act which can
never be viewed favorably to the United States government, have
hindered the entrance to a Mexican port of vessels bound to it,
under the confidence that commerce would not be interrupted.
My duties do not allow me to consent to this new species of hos-
tility, and they constrain me to require of you, not only that the
vessels taken by force to Brazos Santiago shall be at liberty to
return to the mouth of the river, but the res.toration of all the pro-
visions which, besides belonging to private contractors, were des-
tined for the troops on this frontier. I consider it useless to incul-
Ex. Doc. No. 60 145
cate the justice of this demand, and the results which may follow
an unlocked for refusal.
I have also understood that two Mexicans, carried down in a boat
by the current of the river near one of the advanced posts of your
camp, were detained, after being fired upon, and that they are still
kept and treated as prisoners. The individuals in question do not
belong to the army, and this circumstance exempts them from the
laws of war. I therefore hope that you will place them absolutely
at liberty, as I cannot be persuaded that you pretend to extend to
persons not military the consequences of an invasion which, with-
out employing this means of rigor against unarmed citizens, is
marked in itself with the seal of universal reprobation.
I avail myself of this opportunity to assure you of my distin-
guished consideration.
God and Liberty! Matamoras, April 22, 1846.
PEDRO DE AMPUDIA.
Sr. Gen. Don Z. Taylor.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Matamoras, {Texas^) April 22, 1846.
Sir: I have had the honor to receive your communication of this
date, in which you complain of certain measures adopted by my
order to close the mouth of the Rio Bravo against vessels bound
•to Matamoros, and in which you also advert to the case of two
Mexicans supposed to be detained as prisoners in this camp.
After all that has passed since the American army first approached
the Rio Bravo, I am certainly surprised that you should complain
of a measure which is no other than a natural result of the state of
war so much insisted upon by the Mexican authorities as actually
existing at this time. You will excuse me for recalling a few cir-
cumstances, to show that this state of war has not been sought by
the American army, but has been forced upon it, and that the ex-
ercise of the rights incident to such a state cannot be made a sub-
ject of complaint.
On breaking up my camp at Corpus Christi, and moving forward
with the army under my orders to occupy the left bank of the Rio
Bravo, it was my earnest desire to execute my instructions in a
pacific manner; to observe the utmost regard for the personal
rights of all citizens residing on the left bank of the river, and to
take care that the religion and customs of the people should suffer
no violation. With this view, and to quiet the minds of the in-
habitants, I issued orders to the army, enjoining a strict observance
of the rights and interests of all Mexicans residing on the river,
and caused said orders to be translated into Spanish and circulated
in the several towns on the Bravo. These orders announced the
spirit in which we proposed to occupy the country, and I am proud
to say that up to this moment the same spirit has controlled the
operations of the army. On reaching the Arroyo Coloradoj I was
10
146 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
informed by a Mexican officer, that the order in question had been
received in Mataraoras, but was told at the same time that if I at-
tempted to cross the river it would be regarded as a declaration of
war. Again, on my march to Frontone I was met by a deputation
of the civil authorities of Matamoras, protesting against my occu-
pation of a portion of the department of Tamaulipas, and declaring
that if the army was not at once withdrawuj w^ar would result.
While this communication was in my hands, it was discovered that
the village of Frontone had been set on fire and abandoned. I
viewed this as a direct act of war, and informed the deputation
that their communication would be answered by me when opposite
Matamoras, which was done in respectful terms. On reaching the
river I despatched an officer, high in rank, to convey to the com-
manding general in Matamoras the expression of my desire for
amicable relations, and my willingness to leave open. to the use of
the citizens of Matamoras the port of Brazos Santiago, until the
question of boundary should be definitively settled. This officer
received for reply, from the officer selected to confer with him,
that my advance to the Rio Bravo was considered as a veritable act
of war, and he was absolutely refused an interview with the Ameri-
can consul, in itself an act incompatible with a state of peace.
Notwithstanding these repeated assurances on the part of the
Mexican authorities, and notwithstanding the most obviously hos-
tile preparations on the right bank of the river, accompanied by a
rigid non intercourse, I carefully abstained from any act of hos-
tility— determined that the onus of producing an actual state of
hostilities should not rest wuth me. Our relations remained in
this state until I had the honor to receive your note of the 12th
instant, in which you denounce war as the alternative of my remain-
ing in this position. As I could not, under my instructions, recede
from my position, I accepted the alternative you offered, and made
all my dispositions to meet it suitably. But, still willing to adopt
milder measures before proceeding to others, I contented myself
in the first instance with ordering a blockade of the mouth of the
Rio Bravo, by the naval forces under my orders — a proceeding
perfectly consonant with the state of war so often declared to ex-
ist, and which you acknowledge i» your note of the 16th instant,
relative to the late Colonel Cross. If this measure seems oppres-
sive, I wish it borne in mind, that it has been forced upon me by
the course you have seen fit to adopt. I have reported this block-
ade to my government, and shall not remove it until I receive in-
structions to that effect, unless indeed you desire an armistice pend-
ing the final settlement of the question betvveen the governments,
or until war shall be formally declared by either, in which case I
will cheerfully open the river. In regard to the consequences you
mention as resulting from a refusal to remove the blockade, I beg
you to understand that I am prepared for them, be they what they
may.
In regard to the particular vessels referred to in your communi-
cation, I have the honor to advise you that, in pursuance of ray
orders, two American schooners, bound for Matamoras, were wurned
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 147
off on the 17th instant, when near the mouth of the river, and put
to sea, returning probably to New Orleans. They were not seized,
or their cargoes disturbed in any way, nor have they been in the
harbor of Brazos Santiago to my knowledge. A Mexican schooner,
understood to be the "Juanita," was in or off that harbor when my
instructions to block the river were issued, but was driven to sea
in a gale, since which time I have had no report concerning her.
Since the receipt of your communicatiorij I have learned that two
persons, sent to the mouth of the river to procure information re-
specting this vessel, proceeded thence to Brazos Santiago, when
they were taken up and detained by the officer in command until
my orders could be received.. I shall order their immediate release.
A letter from one of them to the Spanish vice-consul is respect-
fully transmitted herewith.
In relation to the two Mexicans said to have drifted down the
river in a boat, and to be prisoners at this time in my camp, I have
the pleasure to inform you that no such persons have been taken
prisoners, or are now detained by my authority. The boat in ques-
tion was carried down empty by the current of the river, and drifted
ashore near one of our pickets, and was secured by the guard.
Some time afterwards an attempt was made to recover the boat
under cover of the darknessj the individuals concerned were hailed
by the guard, and, failing to answer, were fired upon as a matter
01 course. What became of them is not known, as no trace of them
could be discovered on the following morning. The officer of the
Mexican guard directly opposite was informed the next day that
the boat would be returned on proper application to me, and I
have now only to repeat that assurance.
In conclusion, I take leave to state that I consider the tone of
your communication highly exceptionable, where you stigmatize
the movement of the army under my orders as "marked with the
seal of universal reprobation." You must be aware that such lan-
guage is not respectful in itself, either to me or to my government;
and while I observe in my own correspondence the courtesy due to
your high position, and to the magnitude of the interests with which
we are respectively charged, I shall expect the same in return.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brev. Brig. Gen. U. S, A.^ commanding.
Senor Gen. D. Pedro de Ampudia,
Commanding in Matamoras.
Division of the North — 2d General-in-Chief.
In reply to your note which I received yesterday, I have the
honor to state that if Colonel Cross, quartermaster general of the
forces under your command, had been found at any of the military
posts under my orders, his lot would have been that of a prisoner
of war, treated with the consideration due to his rank, and accord-
148 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
ing to the rules prescribed by the law of nations and of war, well
considered in his situation of prisoner.
The rumor was current in this place, also, that the colonel in
question had disappeared from your camp; but I have been able to
learn nothing certainly, so that I cannot answer satisfactorily the
respectful request in your note on the subject.
The particular circumstances in which we are placed should not
prevent me, in my private capacity, yielding to the sentiments of
humanity, from manifesting to a certain point my sympathy for the
feelings of the family of Colonel Cross, caused by his disappear-
ance.
I renew to you, on this occasion, the consideration due. God
and liberty! Head-quarters in Mataraoras, April 16, 1846.
PEDRO DE AMPUDIA.
Sr. Gen. Don Z. Taylor
Kx. Doc. No. 60. ■ ' ♦ 149
OCCUPATION OF MEXICAN TERRITORY
MESSAGE
FROM THE
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES,
In answer to a resolution of the House of Representatives of the
Ibth instant J relative to the occupation of the Mexican territory.
December 22, 1846.
Kead, and ordered to be printed.
To the House of Representatives of the United States:
In compliance with the request contained in the resolution of the
House of Representatives of the 15th instant, I communicate here-
with reports from the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the
Nav|r, with the documents w^hich accompany them.
These documents contain all the "orders or instructions" to any
military, naval, or other officer of the government, " in relation to
the establishment or organization of civil government in any por-
tion of the territory of Mexico which has or" might be taken pos-
session of by the army or navy of the United States."
These orders and instructions were given to regulate the exercise
of the rights of a belligerent, engaged in actual war, over such
portions of the territory of our enemy as, by military conquest,
might be "taken possession of" and be occupied by our armed
forces — rights necessarily resulting from a state of war, and clearly
recognised by the laws of nations. This was all the authority
which could be delegated to our military and naval commanders,
and its exercise was indispensable to the secure occupation and
possession of territory of the enemy which might be conquered.
The regulations authorized were temporary, and dependent on the
rights acquired by conquest. They were authorized as belligerent
rights, and were to be carried into effect by military or naval offi-
cers. They were but the amelioration of martial law, which
modern civilization requires, and were due as well to the security
of the conquest, as to the inhabitants of the conquered territory.
The documents communicated also contain the reports of several
highly meritorious officers of our army and navy, who have con-
quered and taken possession of portions of the enemy's territory.
150 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Among the documents accompanying the report of the Secretary
of War, will be found a " form of government," "established and
organized" by the military commander who conquered and .occu-
pied with his forces the territory of New Mexico. This document
was received at the War Department in the latter part of the last
month, and, as will be perceived by the report of the Secretary of
War, was not, for the reasons stated by that officer, brought to my
notice until after my annual message of the 8th instant was com-
municated to Congress.
It is declared on its face to be a "temporary government of the
said territory;" but there are portions of it which purport to " es-
tablish and organize" a permanent territorial government of the
United States over the territory, and to impart to its inhabitants
political rights which, under the constitution of the United States,
can be enjoyed permanently only by citizens of the United States.
These have not been "approved and recognised" by me. Such
organized regulations as have been established in any of the con-
quered territories for the security of our conquest, for the preser-
vation of order, for the protection of the rights of the inhabitants,
and for depriving the enemy of the advantages of these territories,
while the military possession of them by the forces of the United
States continue, will be recognised and approved.
It will be apparent from the report of the officers who have
been required by the success which has crowned their arms to ex-
ercise the power of temporary government over the conquered
territories, that if any excess of power has been exercised, the de-
parture has been the offspring of a patriotic desire to give to the
inhabitants the privileges and immunities so cherished by the peo-
ple of our own country, and which they believed calculated to
improve their condition and promote their prosperity. Any such
excess has resulted in no practical injury, but can and will be early
corrected, in a manner to alienate as little as possible the good
feelings of the inhabitants of the conauered territory.
JAMES K. POLK.
Washington, December 22, 1846.
War Depabtment, December 21, 1846.
Sir : In compliance with your request to be furnished with all
the information in the War Department in regard to the objects of
inquiry embraced in the resolution of the House ©f Representatives
of the 15th instant, I have the honor to report that the accompa-
nying papers, numbered from 1 to 24, contain all the orders and
instructions which have issued from this department to any officer
of the army " in relation to the establishment or organization of
civil government in any portion of the territory of Mexico, which
has been or might be taken possession of by the army or navy of
the United States. They also furnish all the information in this
department in relation to any form of government which any such
Ex Doc. No 60. 151
officer has established or organized, and also in relation to any
approval or recognition of such government.
As the. information called for by the resolution of the House of
Representatives is contained in various despatches which relate
principally to military operations, I have preferred, in most in-
stances, to give the whole document, though parts of it have little
or no direct relation to the matters embraced in that resolution.
What is omitted does not relate to any branch of the inquiry, but
chiefly to the plans of the campaign and contemplated military
movements, which it would not be proper to make public.
You will perceive that I stated, in my letter of the 3d of June
last, to General Kearny, that a proclamation in the Spanish lan-
guage would be furnished to him for the purpose of being distribu-
ted among the Mexican people. A few copies of the proclama-
tion prepared for General Taylor w'ere sent to General Kearny;
but, owing to the different circumstances under which the two
generals might be placed, it was afterwards deemed proper to in-
struct General Kearny not to use them, and I am not aware that
he did so in any instance. My letter to him on this subject, dated
the 6th of June, is one of the papers herewith transmitted.
Among the accompanying documents you will find two procla-
mations, issued by General Kearny, but neither the form nor sub-
stance of them was furnished from this department.
In relation to the annexed paper. No. 24, called the " Organic
Law of the Territory of New Mexico," it is proper that I should
state that it was received at the Adjutant General's office on the
23d of November, and thence sent to me. As the document was
voluminous, and my whole time was required for the indispensable
current business of the department, then unusually pressing, and
for preparing my annual report to accompany your message to
Congress, I did not, at that time, nor until a few days since, ex-
amine itj and it was not laid before you to receive your directions
in regard to it.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient ser-
vant,
W. L. MARCY,
To the President.
152 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
List of papers accompanying the report of the Secretary of War to
\ the President^ in answer to the resolution of the House of Repre-
sentatives of the 15th of December^ 1846.
Letter of the Secr€tary of War to General Kearny, dated
June 3, 1846.
Extract of a letter of the Secretary of War to General
Taylor, dated July 9, 1846.
Letter of the Secretary of War to General Taylor, dated
July 6, 1846, enclosing the circular of the Secretary of
the Treasury.
Circular of the Secretary of the Treasury, dated June 30,
1846.
Letter of the Secretary of War to Colonel SterensoD,.
dated September 11, 1846.
Letter of the Secretary of War to General Kearny, dated
September 12, 1846.
Letter of the Adjutant General to the Secretary of War,
dated December 17, 1846.
Letter of Major General Scott to General Kearny, dated
November 3, 1846.
Letter of the Secretary of War to General Taylor, dated
June 4, 1846, with a proclamation in Spanish.
Translation of the proclamation.
Letter of the Secretary of War to General Kearny, dated
June 5, 1846.
Proclamation of General Kearny to the citizens of New
Mexico, dated July 31, l846.
Letter of General Kearny to the Adjutant General, dated
August 24, 1846.
Proclamation alluded to in the preceding letter, dated Au-
gust 22, 1846.
Letter from General Kearny to General Wool, dated Au-
gust 22, 1846.
Appointment by General Kearny of treasurer for Santa Fe,
dated August 28, 1846.
Appointment by General Kearny of collector for Santa Fe,.
dated August 29, 1846.
Letter from General Kearny to the Adjutant General,
dated September 1, 1846.
Order of General Kearny abolishing the use of stamp
paper, dated August 29, 1846.
Order of General Kearny regulating licenses for stores,
&c., and duties on wagons, &c., dated August 27, 1846.
Letter of General Kearny to the Adjutant General, dated
September 16, 1846.
Letter of General Kearny to the Adjutant General, dated
September 22, 1846, (received at the War Department
November 23,) en.closing
A list of officers appointed by him; also.
Copy of the organic law, compiled under his direction, of
the territory of NeAv Mexico.
No.
1.
No.
2.
No.
3.
No.
4.
No.
5.
No.
6.
No.
7.
No.
8.
No.
9.
No.
10.
No.
11.
No.
12.
No.
13.
No.
14.
No.
15.
No.
16.
No.
17.
No.
18.
No.
19.
No.
20.
No.
21.
No.
22.
No.
23.
No.
24.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 15a
No. 1.
Letter of the Secretary of War to General Kearny.
[COXFIDENTIAL. j WaR DEPARTMENT,
Washington^ June 3, 1846.
Sir: I herewith send you a copy of my letter to the governor of
Missouri for an additional force of one thousand mounted men.
The object of thus adding to the force under your command is
not, as you will peceive, fully set forth in that letter, for the rea-
son that it is deemed prudent that it should not, at this timej
become a matter of public notoriety; but to you it is proper and
necessary that it should be stated.
It has been decided by the President to be of the greatest im-
portance in the pending war with Mexico to take the earliest pos-
session of Upper California. An expedition with that view is hereby
ordered, and you are designated to command it. To enable you to
be in sufficient force to conduct it successfully, this additional force
of a thousand mounted men has been provided, to follow you in the
direction of Santa Fe, to be under your orders, or the officer you
may leave in command at Santa Fe.
It cannot be determined how far this additional force will be
behind that designed for the Santa Fe expedition, but it will not,
probably, be more than a few weeks. When you arrive at Santa
F6 with the force already called, and shall have taken possession
of it, you may find yourself in a condition to garrison it with a
small part of your command, (as the additional force will soon be
at that place,) and with the remainder press forward to California.
In that case you will make such arrangements, as to being followed
by the reinforcements before mentioned, as in your judgment may
be deemed safe and prudent. I need not say to you that, in case
you conquer Santa Fe, (and with it will be included the department,
or Slate, of New Mexico,) it will be important to provide for retain-
ing safe possession of it. Should you deem it prudent to have still
more troops for the accomplishment of the objects herein desig-
nated, you will lose no time in communicating your opinion on
that point, and all others connected with the enterprise, to this de-
partment. Indeed, you are hereby authorised to make a direct re-
quisition for it upon the governor of Missouri.
It is known that a large body of Mormon emigrants are en route
to California, for the purpose of settling in that country. You are
desired to use ail proper means to have a good understanding with
them, to the end that the United States may have their co-operation
in taking possession of, and holding, that country. It has been
suggested here that many of these Mormons would willingly enter
into the service of the United States, and aid us in our expedition
against California.. You are hereby authorised to muster into ser-
vice such as can be induced to ^volunteer; not, however, to a num-
ber exceeding one-third of your entire force. Should they enter
the service, they will be paid as other volunteers, and you can allow
154 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
them to designate, so far as it can be properly done, the persons to
act as officers thereof. It is understood that a considerable number
of American citizens are now settled on the Sacramento river, near
Suter's establishment, called " Nueva Helvetia," who are well dis-
posed towards the United States. Should you, on your arrival in
the country, find this to be the true state of things there, you are
authorized to organize and receive into the service of the United
States such portions of those citizens as you may think useful to aid
you to hold the possession of the country. You will in that case,
allow them, so far as you shall judge proper, to select their own
officers. A large discretionary power is invested in you in regard
to these matters, as well as to all others in relation to the expedi-
tions confided to your command.
The choice of routes by which you will enter California will be
left to your better knowledge and ampler means of getting accu-
rate information. We are assured that a southern route (called the
Caravan route, by which the wild horses are brought from that
country into New Mexico) is practicable; and it is suggested as not
improbable that it can be passed over in the winter months, or at
least late in autumn. It is hoped that this information may prove
to be correct.
In regards to the routes, the practicability of procuring needful
supplies for men and animals, and transporting baggage, is a point
to be well considered. Should the President be disappointed in
his cherished hope, that you wiU be able to reach the interior of
Upper California before winter, you are then desired to make the
.best arrangement you" can for sustaining your forces during the
winter, and for an early movement in the spring. Though it is
very desirable that the expedition should reach California this sea-
son, (and the President does not doubt you will make every possi-
ble effort to accomplish this object,) yet, if in your judgment it
cannot be undertaken with a reasonable prospect of success, you
will defer it, as above suggested, until spring. You are left unem-
barrassed by any specific directions in this matter.
It is expected that the naval forces of the United States, which
are now, or will soon be in the Pacific, will be in possession of all
the towns on the sea coast, and will co-operate with you in the
conquest of California. Arms, ordnance, munitions of war, and
provisions, to be used in that country, will be sent by sea to our
squadron in the Pacific for the use of the land forces.
Should you conquer and take possession of New Mexico and
Upper California, or considerable places in either, yeu will estab-
lish temporary civil governments therein — abolishing all arbitrary
restrictions that may exist, so far as it may be done with safety.
In performing this duty it would be wise and prudent to continue
in their employment all such of the existing officers as are known
to be friendly to the United States, and will take the oath of alle-
giance to them. The duties at the custom-houses ought, at once,
to be reduced to such a rate as may be barely sufficient to maintain
the necessary officers, without yielding any revenue to the govern-
ment. You may assure the people of those provinces that it is the
Ex. Doc. No. 60 155
wish and design of the United States to provide for them "a free
government, with the least possible delay, similar to that which
exists in our Territories. They will then be called on to exercise
the rights of freemen in electing their own representatives to the
territorial legislature. It is foreseen that what relates to the civil
government will be a difficult and unpleasant part of your duty,
and much must necessarily be left to your own discretion.
In your whole conduct you will act in such a manner as best to
conciliate the inhabitants, and render them friendly to the United
States.
It is desirable that the usual trade between the citizens of the
United States and the Mexican provinces should be continued, as
far as practicable, under the changed condition of things between
the two countries. In consequence of extending your expedition
into California, it may be proper that you should increase your
supply for goods to be distributed as presents to the Indians. The
United States superintendent of Irulian affairs at St. Louis will aid
you in procuring these goods. You will be furnished with a proc-
lamation* in the Spanish language, to be issued by you, and circu-
lated among the Mexican people on your entering into or approach-
ing their country. You will use your utmost endeavors to have
the pledges and promises therein contained carried out to the
utmost extent.
I am directed by the President to say that the rank of brevet
brigadier general will be conferred on you as soon as you com-
mence your movement towards California, and sent round to you
by sea, or over the country, or to the care of the commandant of
our squadron in the Pacific. In that way cannon, arms, ammuni-
tion, and supplies for the land forces will be sent to you.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Colonel S. W, Kearny,
Fort Leavenworth^ Missouri.
Secretary of War.
No. 2.
Extract of a letter from the Secretary of War to General Taylor.
[confidential.] War Department,
Washington, July 9, 1846.
Sir: The proclamation which you were directed to spread among
the Mexican people, will have put you in possession of the views
* Note. — No proclamation tor circulation was ever furnished to General Kearny# A few
copies of that prepared for and sent to General Taylor, were forwarded to General Kearny^
but he was requested not to use them. These copies were the only proclamations sent by
the War Department to him, and I am not aware that he ever used any of them. See let-
ter of the Secretary of War to General Kearny of the 6th of June, 1846, a copy of which is
with the papers sent to the President, in answer to the resolution of the House of Represen-
tatives of the 15th of December, 1846.
W, L. MARCY.
156 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
of the government in relation to the mode of carrying on tlie war,
and also in relation to the manner of treating the inhabitants. The
war is only carried on to obtain justice, and the sooner that can be
obtained, and with the least expenditure of blood and money, the
better. One of the evils of war is the interruption of diplomatic
communications between the respective authorities, and the conse-
quent ignorance under which each party may lie in relation to the
views of the other. The natural substitute of these interrupted
diplomatic communications, is the military intercourse which the
usages of war allow between contending armies in the field, and in
which commanding generals can do much towards re-opening ne-
gotiations, and smoothing the way to a return of peace.
The President has seen, with much satisfaction, the civility and
kindness with which you have treated your prisoners, and all th«
inhabitants with whom you have come in contact. He wishes that
course of conduct continued, and all opportunities taken to con-
ciliate the inhabitants, and to- let them see that peace is within
their reach the moment their rulers will consent to do us justice.
The inhabitants should be encouraged to remain in their towns and
villages, and these sentiments be carefully made known to them.
The same things may be said to officers made prisoners, or who
may visit your head-quarters according to the usages of war; and
it is the wish of the President that such visits be encouraged; and,
also, that you take occasions to send officers to the head-quarters of
the enemy for the military purposes, real or ostensible, which are
of ordinary occurrence between armies, and in which opportunity
may be taken to speak of the war itself as only carried on to ob-
tain justice, and that we had much rather procure that by negotia-
tion than by fighting. Of course authority to speak of your gov-
ernment will be disavowed, but a knowledge of its wishes will be ,
averred, and a readiness will be expressed to communicate to your
government the wishes of the Mexican government to negotiate
for honorable peace, whenever such shall be their wish, and with
the assurance that such overtures will be met in a corresponding
spirit by your government. A discreet officer, who understands
Spanish, and who can be employed in the intercourse so usual be-
tween armies, can be your confidential agent on such occasions, and
can mask his real under his ostensible object of a military inter-
view.
You will also readily comprehend that in a country so divided
into races, classes,- and parties, as Mexico is, and with so many
local divisions among departments, and personal divisions among
individuals, there must be great room for operating on the minds
and feelings of large portions of the inhabitants, and inducing
them to wish success to an invasion which has no desire to injure '
their •country; and which, in overthrowing their oppressors, may
benefit themselves. Between the Spaniards, who monopolize the
wealth and power of the country, and the mixed Indian race, who
bear its burdens, there must-be jealousy and animosity. The same
feelings must exist between the lower and higher orders of the
clergy; the latter of whom have the dignities and the revenues,
Ex. Doc. No 60 157
while the former have poverty and labor. In fact, the curates
were the chief authors of the revolution which separated Mexico
from Spain, and their relative condition to their superiors is not
much benefited by it. Between the political parties into which the
country is divided, there must be some more liberal and more
friendly to us than others; the same may be said of rival chiefs,
political and military; and even among the departments there are
local antipathies and dissensions. In all this field of division — in
all these elements of social, political, personal, and local discord
— there must be openings to reach the interests, passions, or prin-
ciples of some of the parties, and thereby to conciliate their good
will, and make them co-operate with us in bringing about an hon-
orable and a speedy peace. The management of these delicate
movements is confided to your discretion; but they are not to
paralyze the military arm, or in any degree to arrest or retard your
military movements. These must proceed vigorously. Policy and
force are to be combined; and the fruits of the former will be
prized as highly as those of the latter.
It is seen from the Mexican papers, that great attempts are made
to prejudice and exasperate the minds of the people against us.
The war is represented on their part as one of "national existence;"
as if it was our wish to destroy the Mexican nation! It is repre-
sented as a war of "rapine and plunder;" as if we intended to rob
and oppress the people? It is represented as a war of "impiety;"
as if we were going to rob churches and pull down altarfe! The
conduct of yourself, your officers, and men, has shown to all Mexi-
can citizens that you have met, and as far as you have gone, the
injustice and absurdity of all these imputations; but they are still
systematically propagated through the country, and must find be-
lievers in a country where ignorance is so great, and the means of
disseminating truth so small. The counteraction of these injurious
imputations will be your particular duty; first, by a continuation
of your just and honorable conduct towards the people, their pro-
perty and religion, and kindness to prisoners; and next, by making
it a point in your interviews with the commanders of the army of
the enemy to speak of these unjust imputations, for the purpose of
correcting them. It is the President's wish not only to brine the
war to a speedy conclusion, but so to conduct it as to leave no
lasting animosities behind to prejudice the future friendship and
commerce of the two countries; nor to permit injurious reports to
go forth to excite the ill will of the other republics, of Spanish
origin, against us.
Availing yourself of divisions which you may find existing among
the Mexican people — to which allusion has been made — it will be
your policy to encourage the separate departments or States, and
especially those which you may invade and occupy, to declare their
independence of the central government of Mexico, and either to
become our allies, or to assume, as it is understood Yucatan has
done, a neutral attitude in the existing war between the United
States and Mexico. In such of the departments or states as may
take this course, you will give the inhabitants assurances of the
158 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
protection of your army until the return of peace, so far as may be
consistent with your military plans of operation. When peace is
made, they may decide for themselves their own form of govern-
ment. In such departments as may be conquered, or assume a neutral
attitude, you may, at your discretion, observe the same course of
conduct as that presented in the instructions given to General Kear-
ny by the department on the 3d day of June, 1846. A copy of the
instructions to General Kearny is herewith transmitted to you.
*******
I have the honor to be, very respectfuliy, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY.
No. 3.
Letter of the Secretary of War to General Taylor.
War Department,
Washington^ July 6, 1848.
Sir: I have the honor to enclose you a circular of the Secretary
of the Treasury, relative to the commerce and trade with Matamo-
ras, and such other places in Mexico as may be in the actual oc-
cupancy or under the control of the American forces. I believe
the circular contains all the instruction you may need for the guid-
ance of your conduct. Should there be other points not embraced
in it, they will receive prompt attention when brought to the notice
©f this department.
I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Maj. Gen. Z. Taylor,
Commanding, ^c, 4c.
Secretary of War,
No. 4.
Cicular to collectors and other oncers of the customs.
Treasury Department, June 30, 1846.
The circular of this department, of the 11th instant, contained
the following paragraph:
" By the law of nations, as recognized by repeated decisions of
our judicial tribunals, the existence of a state of war interdicts all
trade or commerce between the citixerss of the two nations engaged
in the war. It consequently follows, that neither vessel nor mer-
chandise of any description can be allowed to proceed from ports
or places in "the United States to ports or places in the territories
of Mexico, with the exception of such ports or places in the latter
country as may be at the time in the actual posstssion of the United
States forces."
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 159
Matamoras is now in the actual possession of the forces of the
United States, and perhaps other ports and places on the same side
of the Rio Grande.
In case of the application of vessels for clearances for the port
of Matamorasj you will issue them under the following circum-
stances:
1st. To American vessels only.
2d. To such vessels carrying only articles of the growth, produce,
or manufacture of the United States, or of imports from foreign
countries to our own upon which the duties have been fully paid;
and upon all such goods, whether of our own or of foreign coun-
triss, no duties will be chargeable at the port of Matamoras so
long as it is in the possession of the forces of the United States.
In issuing this order, it is not intended to interfere with the
authority of General Taylor to exclude such articles, including
spirituous liquors or contraband of war, the introduction of which
he may consider injurious to our military operations in Mexico.
Foreign imports which may be re-exported in our vessels to
Matamoras, will not be entitled to any drawback of duty; for, if
this were permitted, they would be carried from that port into the
United States, and thus evade the payment of all duties.
Whenever any other port or place upon the Mexican side of the
Rio Grande shall h&ve passed into the actual possession of the
forces of the United States, such ports and places will be subject
to ail the above instructions which are applicable to the port of
Matamoras.
R. J. WALKER,
Secretary of the T"-easury.
No. 5.
Letter of the Secretary of War to Colonel Stevenson.
War Department, September 11, 1846.
Sir: The transports having on board the regiment under your
command are destined to the Pacific, and will repair to our naval
squadron now on the coast of California. Instructions, with a copy
of which you are herewith furnished, have been given to the naval
commander on the station in regard to his operations, and you are
directed to co-operate with him in carrying out his plans, so far as
the land forces may be needed for that purpose. Without under-
taking to give specific instructions as to the movements of our
forces in that quarter — for much must be left to the judgment of
the commanding officers — it is proper to state that the military oc-
cupation of California is the main object in view. There are three
point deemed to be worthy of particular attention. These are San
Francisco, Monterey, and San Diego. It is important to have pos-
session of the bay of San Francisco, and the country in that vicin-
160 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
ity. The necessity of having something like a permanent and se-
cure position on the coast of California, and probably at this place,
will not be overlooked. Assuming that such a position will Be
found and selected in the bay of San Francisco, it is expected that
a fortification, such as the means at your command may enable you
to construct, will be erected, and that the heavy guns heretofore
.sent out, and those taken by, the transports, to the extent needed,
will be used for its armament. This work should be designed for
a two-fold object — the protection of the,vessels in the bay, and the
security of the land forces. The selection of the site will be an
important matter. It should be preceded by a careful examination
of the place with reference to both objects, and the location made
under the advice and direction of the commanding naval officer.
It may, however, be that your first debarkation will not be at this
point. The circumstances which may be found to exist on your ar-
rival in that region must control in this matter.
It is probable that Monterey will have been taken by our naval
force before the land troops reach that coast, and they may be
needed to hold possession of it. This place is also secured by for-
tifications or temporary works from an attack eitheV by sea or land.
Judging from the information we have hereof what will be the state
of things on your arrival on the coast of California, it is concluded
that these will be found to be the important points, and the pos-
session of them essential to the objects in view in prosecutiag the
war in that quarter; but the particular mention of them is by no
means intended as instructions to confine our military operations to •
them. As to the third place suggested, San Diego, less is known
of it than the other two. Should the naval commander determine
to take and hold possession of it, and need the land force, or a part
of it, for that purpose, you will, of course, yield to his views in that
respect. Whatever is done upon the coast of California, or of any
other part of Mexico, will require, it is presumed, the co-opera-
tion of the land and naval forces, and it is not doubted that this
co-operation will be cordially rendered. •
The point, or points, of debarkation of the regiment under your
command should be settled as speedily as practicable after your ar-
rival upon the Mexican coast, and the transports discharged. The
land forces will thereafter be attended with the vessels of the squa-
dron. The ordnance, ammunition, arms, and all descriptions of
public property which ?re not required on shore, or cannot be safe-
ly deposited there, will be transferred to the public ships. Upon
them the land forces must rely for bringing supplies where water'
transportation is necessary. If the exigency of the service requires
these forces to remove from one place to another on the coast, the
public vessels will furnish the means of doing so.
The regiment under yor.r command, as well as the company of
Captain Tompkins, which has preceded it, is a part of General
Kearny's command; but it may be that he will not be in a situation
to reach you, by his orders, immediately on your debarkation. Un-
til that is the case, yours will be an independent command, ex-
cept when engaged in joint operations with the naral force.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 161
It is not expected that you will be able to advance far into the
country; nor is it advisable for you to undertake any hazardous en-
terprises. Until you shall fall under the command of General
Kearny, your force wriH be mostly, if not wholly, employed in seiz-
ing and holding important possessions on the sea coast.
The government 'here have received information which is deemed
lo be reliable, though not official, that our squadron in the Pacific
had taken possession of Monterey as early as the 6th of July last.
There is reason to believe that California is not favorably dis-
posed to the central government of Mexico, and will not be dis-
posed to make a vigorous resistance to our operations in that quar-
ter. Should you find such to be the state of things there, it will
be of the greatest importance that the good will of the people to-
■wards the United States should be cultivated. This is to be done
by liberal and kind treatment. They should be made to feel that
"we come as deliverers. Th^ir rights of person, jJroperty, and reli-
gion, must be respected and sustained. The greatest care must be
taken to restrain the troops from all acts of license or outrage; the
supplies drawn from the country must be paid for at fair prices;
and, as far as practicable, friendly relations should be established.
In the event of hostile resistance, your operations must be governed
by circumstances; and you must use the means at your command
to accomplish the objects in view — the military occupation of the
country. It is not, however, expected that much can be done, if
preparations have been made to resist, until the force under Gene-
ral Kearny shall have entered the country.
You are directed to embrace every opportunity to communicate
•with this department; and to furnish it with not only a full account,
of your movements and operations previous to your coming under
the direct command of General Kearny, but with such other infor-
mation as may be useful for the department to possess in regard to
conducting the war in that quarter.
Your attention is particularly directed to that portion of the in-
structions to the commanding officer of the squadron in the Pacific^
herewith, which has reference to the joint operation of the lan^
and naval force, and you will conform your conduct thereto.
You are also furnished with an extract from instructions to Gen-
eral Kearny, giving directions for the course of conduct to be pur-
sued while in the military occupation of any portion of the ene-
my's country; together with a copy of a letter to General Taylor j,
enclosing one from the Secretary of the Treasury in regard to com*
mercial intercourse with such parts of the enemy's ports, ■&c., as
may be in possession of our forces. These are to be regarded as
instructions to you, should you find yourself placed in the circum-
stances therein contemplated.. You will take the earliest opportu-
nity to make the commanding officer of the squadron in the Pacific
fully acquainted with your instructions, and the accompanying ps:-
pers. Where a place is taken by the joint action of the naval aB^
land force, the naval officer in command, if superior in rank t©
yourself, will be entitled to make arrangements for the civil gOT-
crnment of it while it is. held by the co-operation of both branches
11
162 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
of the military force. All your powers, in this respect, wilU of
course be devolved on General Kearny, whenever he shall arrive in
California and assume the command of the volunteer regiment. As
soon &s practicable, you will furnish him with a copy of this com-
munication, and the other papers herewith transmitted.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Col. J. D. Stevenson,
Commanding Regiment of Volunteers^
Governor's Island^ harbor of JVew York.
Ne. 6.
Letter of the Secretary of War to General Kearny.
War Department,
Washington, September 12, 1846.
Sir: A volunteer regiment raised in the State of New York, en-
p-aged to serve during the war with Mexico, and to be discharged
wherever they may be at its termination, if in a territory of the
United States, has been mustered into service, and is about to em-
bark at the port of New York for California. This force is to be
a part of your command; but, as it may reach the place of its des-
tination before you are in a condition to subject it to your orders,
the colonel of the regiment, J. D. Stevenson, has been furnished
with instructions for his conduct in the mean time. I herewith
send you a copy thereof, as well as a copy of the instructions of
the Navy Department to the commander of the naval squadron in,
the Pacific; a copy of a letter to General Taylor, with a circular
from the Treasury Department; a copy of a letter from General
Scott to Captain Tompkins; and a copy of general regulations
relative to the respective rank of naval and army officers. These,
so far as applicable, will be looked upon in the light of instruc-
tions to yourself. The department is exceedingly desirous to be
furnished by you with full information of your progress and pro-
ceedings, together with your opinion and views as to your move-
?raents into California, having reference as to time, route, &c.
Beyond the regiment under the command of Colonel S. Price, and
the separate battalion called for at the same time by the President
from the governor of Missouri, a requisition for one regiment of
infantry was issued on the I8th of July last; but the information
subsequently received here induced the belief that it would not be
needed- and the difficulty of passing it over the route at so late a
period in the season, with the requisite quantity of supplies, &c.,
Tjras deemed so great, that the orders to muster it into service have
been countermanded. It will not be sent. Your views as to the
~ Ex. Doc. No. 60. 163
sufficiency of your force, and the practicability of sustaining a
larger one, tScc, are desired.
I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Gen. S. W. K-earny,
Fort Leavenworth^ Missouri.
Secretary of War.
No. 7.
Letter of the Adjutant General te the Secretary of War.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington^ December 17, 1846.
Sir: In answer to the resolution of the House of Representa-
tives of the 15th instant, calling for copies of all orders and in-
structions given to Generals Taylor, Wool, Kearny, or any other
officer, relative to the establishment, or organization of civil govern-
ment in Mexico by United States officers; also, what forms of gov-
ernment such officers, or either of them, may have established, &.C.,
I have the honor to submit the enclosed copy of the letter of in-
structions of Major General Scott to Brigadier General Kearny,
dated JVovember 3, 1846, being the only communication from this
office, or that of the commanding general of the army, having any
Teference to the subject of the House resolution.
In respect to the secon : head of the inquiry, I have to state that,
on the 23d of JYovemher, a communication was received from.
Brigadier General Kearny, dated at "Santa Fe, New Mexico,'^
September 22, 1846, sending a copy of the laws established by his
authority for the government of that territory, and also a list of
the persons he had appointed to office. This communication was
immediately laid before the Secretary of War, and has not since
been returned to this office. No other communication touching the
subject of civil government in Mexico has been received at the
adjutant general's office.
Respectfully submitted:
R. JONES,
Adjutant General.
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War.
No. 8.
Letter from Major General Scott to General Kearny,
Head-quarters of the Army,
Washington, Jfovember 3, 1846.
Sir: We have received from you many official reports, the latest
dated September the 16th. A special acknowledgment of them, by
dates, will go, herewith, from the adjutant general's office.
164 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Your march upon and conquest of New Mexico, together with
the military dispositions made for holding that province, have, won
for you, I am authorised to say, the emphatic approbation of the
Executive, by whom, it is not doubted, your movement upon ^nd
occupation of Upper California wi,ll be executed with like energy,
judgment, and success. ,
You will, at Monterey, or the bay of San Francisco, find an en-
gineer otficer (Lieutenant Halleck) and a company of the United
States artillery, under Captain T.ompkins. It is probable that an
officer' of engineers, or of topographical engineers, has accompanied
you from Santa Fe. Those officers, and the company of artillery^
aided by other troops under your command, ought promptly to be
employed in erecting and garrisoning durable defencesfor holding
"the bays of Monterey and San Francisco, together with such other
important points in the sam^ province as you may deem it neces-
sary to occupy. Intrenching tools, ordnance, and ordnance stores,
"went out in the ship Lexington, with Captain Tompkins. Further
ordnance supplies may be soon expected.
It is perceived, by despatches received at the Navy Department
from the commander of the United States squadron on the coast of
the Pacific, that certain volunteers were taken into service by him
fpom the settlers about the bays of Monterey and San Francisco, to
aid him in seizing and holding that country. With a view to regu-
lar payment, it is desirable that those volunteers, if not originally
mustered, should be caused by you to be regularly mustered into
service (retrospectively) under the volunteer act of May 13, 1846,
amended by an act of the following month. This may be done
with the distinct understanding that, if not earlier discharged, as
no longer needed, you will discharge them at any time they may
signify a wish to that effect.
You will probably find certain port charges and regulations es-
tablished for the harbors of the province by the commanders of the
United States squadron upon its coast. The institution and alter-
ation of such regulations appertain to the naval commander, who
is instructed by the proper department to confer on the subject
-with the commander of the land forces. As established, you will,
in your sphere, cause those regulations to be duly respected and en-
forced. On the other hand, the appointment of temporary collec-
* tors at the several ports appertains to the civil governor of the
province, who will be, for the time, the senior officer of the land
forces in the country. Collectors, however, who have been al-
ready appointed by the naval commander, will not be unnecessarily
changed.
As a guide to the civil governor of Upper California, in our
hands, see the letter of June the 3d (last) addressed to you by the
Secretary of War. You will not, however, formally declare the
province to be annexed. Permanent incorporation of the territory
must depend on the government of the United States.
After occupying with our forces all necessary points in Upper
California, and establishing a temporary civil government therein^,
as well as assuring yourself of its internal tranquility and the ab-
Ex. Doc. No. 60: 165
gence of any danger of reconquest on the part of Mexico, you may-
charge Colonel Mason, United States 1st dragoons, the bearer of
this open letter, or land officer next in rank to your own, with your
several duties, and return yourself, with a sufficient escort of troops,
to ^t. Lou^s, Missouri; but the body of the United States dragoons
that accompanied you to California will remain there until furtlfbr
orders.
It is not known what portion of the Missouri volunteers, if any,,
marched with you from Santa Fe to the Pacific, If any, it is ne-
cessary to provide for their return to their homes and honorable
discharge; and, on the same supposition, they may serve you as a
sufficient escort to Missouri.
It is known that Lieutenant Colonel Fremont, of the United.
States rifle regiment, was, in July last, with a party of men in the
service of the United States topographical engineers, in the neigh-
borhood of San Francisco or Monterey bay, engaged in joint opera-
tions against Mexico with the United States squadron on that coast.
Should you find him there, it is desired that you do not detain him,
against his wishes, a moment longer than the necessities of the ser-
vice may require.
I need scarcely enjoin deference, and the utmost cordiality, on
the part of our land forces towards those of our navy in the joint
service on the distant coast of California. Reciprocity may be
cordially expected; and towards tlmt end, frequent conferences be-
tween commanders of the two arms are recommended. Harmony ia
co-operation, and success cannot but follow.
Measures have been taken to supply the disbursing officers, who
have preceded and who may accompany you, with all necessary
funds. Of those measures you will be informed by Colonel Mason.
I remain, sir, \<^ith great respect, your obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Brig. Gen. S. VV. Kearny, U. S. Ji.,
Commanding U. S. forces, 10th military department.
No. 9.
Letter of the Secretary of War to General Taylor.
War Department, June 4, 1846.
Sir: I send herewith a number of copfes of a proclamation in
the Spanish language, addressed to the people of Mexico, which
you are requested to sign and cause to be circulated in the manner
and to the extent you may deem proper. You will uSe your ut-
most endeavors to have the pledges and promises therein contain-
ed carried out to the fullest extent. There are also sent some
copies of the proclamation in the English language.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Brevet Maj. Gen. Z. Taylor,
Commanding army of occupation^ Texas.
166 ' Ex Doc. No. 60.
No. 10. ", - •
[Translition of a proclamation, in Spanish, furnished to General Taylor.]
A PROCLAMATION
t
"5y THE GENERAL COMMANDING THE ARMY OF THE U. S. OF AMERICA,.-
To the people of Mexico:
After many years of patient endurance^ the United States are at
leno-th constrained to acknowledge that a war now exists between
our government and the government of Mexico. For many years
our citizens have been subjected to repeated insults and injuries,
our vessels and cargoes have been seized and confiscated, our mer-
chants have been plundered, maimed, imprisoned, without cause
and without reparation. At length your government acknowledged
the justice of our claims, and agreed by treaty to make satisfaction,
by payment of several millions of dollars; but this treaty has been
violated by your rulers, and the stipulated payments have been
withheld. Our late effort to terminate all difficulties by peaceful
negotiation has been rejected by the dictator Paredes, and our
minister of peace, whom your rulers had agreed to receive, has
been refused a hearing. He has been treated with indignity and
insult, and Paredes has annomiced that war exists between us.
This war, thus first proclaimed by him, has been acknowledged as
an existing fact by our President and Congress, with perfect^ una-
nimity, and will be prosecuted v/ith vigor and energy against your
army and rulers; but those of the Mexican people who remain
neutral will not be molested.
Your government is in the hands of tyrants and usurpers. They
have abolished your State governments, they have overthrown
your federal constitution, they have deprived you of the rigSt ot
suffrage, destroj^ed the liberty of the press, despoiled you of your
arms, and reduced you lo a state of absolute dependence upon the
power of a military dictator. Your army and rulers extort from
the people, by grievous taxation, by forced loans, and military
seizures, the very money which sustains the usurpers in power.
Being disarmed, you are left defenceless, an easy prey to the
savage Cumanches, who not only destroy your lives and property^
but drive into a captivity, more horrible than death itself, your
wives and children. It*is yovir military rulers who have reduced
you to this deplorable condition. It is these tyrants, and their
corrupt and cruel satellites, gorged with the people's treasure, by
■whom you are thus oppressed and impoverished, some of whom
have boldly advocated a monarchical government, and would place
a European prince on the throne of Mexico. We come to obtain
reparation for repeated wrongs and injuries, we come to obtain
indemnity for the pr.st and security for the future, we come to
overthrow the lyrants who have destroyed your liberties; but we
come to make no war upon the people of Mexico, nor upon any
form of free government they may choose to select for themselves..
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 167
It is our wish to see you liberated from despots, to drive back the
savage Curaanches, to prevent the renewal of their assaults, and
to compel them to restore to you from captivity your long lost
wiVes and children. Your religion, your altars and churches, the
property of your churches and citizens, the emblems of your faith
and its ministers, shall be protected and remain inviolate. Hun-
'^•":ds of our ar^y, and hundreds of thousands of our people, are
members of the Catholic church. In every State, and in nearly
every city and village of our Union, Catholic churches exist, and
the priests perform their holy functions in peace and security, un-
der the sacred guarantee of our constitution. We come among the
people of Mexico»as friends and republican brethren, and all who
receive us as such shall be protected, whilst all who are seduced
into the army of youf dictator shall be treated as enemies. We
shall want from you nothing but food for our army, and for this
you shall always be paid, in cash, the full value. It is the settled
policy of your tyrants to deceive you in regard to the policy and
character of our government and people. These tyrants fear the
example of our free institutions, and constantly endeavor to mis-
represent our purposes, and inspire you with hatred for your re-
publican brethren of the American Union. Give us but the oppor-
tunity to undeceive you, and you will soon learu that all the
representations of Paredes were false, and were only made to in-
duce you to consent to the establishment of a despotic govern-
ment.
In your struggle for liberty with the Spanish monarchy, thou-
sands of our countrymen risked their lives and shed their blood in
your defence. Our own commodore, the gallant Porter, maintained
in triumph your flag upon the ocean, and our government was the
first to acknowledge your independence. With pride and pleasure
we enrolled your name on the list of independent republics, and
sincerely desired that you might in peace and prosperity enjoy all
the blessings of free government. Success on the part of your
tyrants against the army of the Union is impossible; but if they
could succeed, it would only be to enable them to fill your towns
with their soldiers, eating out your substance, and harassing you
with still more grievous taxation. Already they have abolished the
liberty of the press, as the first step towards the introduction of
that monarchy which it is their real purpose to proclaim and es-
tablish.
Mexicans, we must treat as enemies and overthrow the tyrants
who, whilst they have wronged and insulted us, have deprived you
of your liberty; but the Mexican people who remain neutral during
the contest shall be protected against their military despots, by the
lepublican army of the Union.
168 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
No. 11.
Letter of the Secretary of War to General Kearny.
War Departmen'P,
Washington J June 5, 1846.
Sir: I enclosed to you a few copies of a proclamation prepared
for General Taylor, to issue to the Mexicans. I discover that there
are parts of it that will not answer our purpose for Santa Fe or
Upper California. You will not, therefore, use these copies. It
Is intended to make the needful alterations in ity and, thus altered,
send on copies* to you before you will have occasion to distribute
them. I must, however, urge you not toiuse those which have
been forwarded.
Yours, respectfully,
W. L. MARCY.
Col. S. W. Kearny.
No. 12.
PROCLAMATION OF GENERAL KEARNY, OF 31st JULY.
«
Proclamation to the citizens of J^ew Mexico, by Colonel Kearny, corn-
manding the United States forces.
The undersigned enters New Mexico with a large military force,
for the purpose of seeking union with and ameliorating the condi-
tion of its inhabitants. This he does under instructions from his
government, and with the assurance that he will be amply sustained
in the accomplishmenl of this object. It is enjoined on the citizens
of New Mexico to remain quietly at their homes, and to pursue their
peaceful avocations. So long as they continue in such pursuits,
they will not be interfered with by the American army, but will be
respected and protected in their rights, both civil and religious.
All who take up arms or encourage resistance against the gov-
ernment of the United States will be regarded as enemies, and will
be treated accordingly.
S. W. KEARNY, -
Colonel First Dragoons.
Camp at Bent's Fort, on the Arkansas,
July 31, 1846.
*No proclamation, modified as proposed, was sent.
W. L. MARCY,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 169
No. 13.
Letter of General Kearny to the Adjutant General.
Head-quarters, Army'of the West,
Santa Fc, JYew Mexico , August 24, 1846.
Sir: I have to report that on the 18th instant, the army under my
command marched into this city, the capital of New Mexico, having
met vs^ilh no armed resistance; the Mexican troops, numbering
about 4,000, which had been collected on the road by Governor
Armijo to oppose us, having dispersed on our approaching them,
and the governor himself having fled, with a troop of his dragoons,
towards Chihuahua. On the 22d I issued a proclamation, claiming
the whole of New Mexico, with its then boundaries, as a territory
of the Unit-^d States of America, and taking it under our protection.
I send, herewith, copies of all official papers on the subject. The
people of the territory are now perfectly tranquil, and can easily
be kept so. The intelligent portion know the advantages they are
to derive from the change of government, and express their satisfac-
tion at it.
In a few days I shall march down the Del Norte and visit some
of the principal cities below, for the purpose of seeing the people
and explaining to them personally ou" intentions relating to the
territory. On my return (which will be in two or three weeks) a
civil government shall be organized, and the officers appointed for
it; after which, I will be ready to start for Upper California, which.
I hope may be by the latter end of next month, and in such case, I
shall expect to havq possession of that department by the close of
November. «
I have not heard from or of Colonel Price and his command,
which he was to raise and bring here, and have received but vague
rumors of Captain Allen and the Mormons. I suppose, however,
they will all be here in ^ few weeks. Captain Allen's command
will accompany me to the Pacific, and the number of efficient men
he brings will determine the additional number I must take from
here. After deciding upon that, and upon the number which will
be necessary to hold this territory, I shall send the surplus to Chi-
huahua, to report to Brigadier General Wool. I e«close a copy of '
my communication to him of the 22d instant.
On the 15th instant I received yours of 2d and 3d July, the for-
mer enclosing a copy of a letter to Captain Tompkins, 3d artillery,
from the general-in-chief — the latter enclosing for me a commission
of Brigadier General, which I hereby accept of, and for which I of-
fer to the President and Senate my acknowledgment and thanks for
the honor they have conferred on me.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
S. W. KEARNY,
Brigadier General.
Brigadier General R. Jones,
Adjutant General U. S. A., Washington.
170 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
No. 14.
PROCLAMATION OF GENERAL KEARNY, OF 22d AUGUST.
Proclamation to the inhabitants of Mew Mexico by Brigadier Gen-
eral S. W. Kearny^ commanding the troops of the United States
in the same.
As, by the act of the republic of Mexico, a state of war exists
between that government and the United States; and as the under-
signed, at the head of his troops, on the l8th instant, took posses-
sion of Santa Fe, the capital of the department of New Mexico, he
"now announces his attention to hold the department, with its ori-
ginal boundaries, (on both sides of the Del Norte,) as a part of the
United 'States, and under the name of " the territory of New
» Mexico."
The undersigned has come to New Mexico with a strong military
force, and an equally strong one is following close in his rear. He
has more troops than is necessary to put down any opposition that
can possibly be brought against him, and therefore it would be but
folly or madness for any dissatisfied or discontented persons to»
think of resisting him.
The undersigned has instructions from his government to respect
the religious institutions of New Mexico — to protect the property of
the church — to cause the worship of those belonging to it to be un-
disturbed, and their religious rights in the amplest manner preserved
to them — also to protect the persons and property of all quiet and
peaceabls inhabitants within its boundaries against their enemiesy,
the Eutaws, the Navajoes, and others; and when he assures all that
it will be his pleasure, as well as his duty, to comply with those
instructions, he calls upon them to exert themselves in preserving^
prder, in promoting concord, and in maintaining the authority and
efficacy of the laws. And he requires of those who have left their
homes and taken up arms against the troops of the United States, to
jeUirnforthivith to them, or else they will»be considered as enemies-
and traitors, subjecting their persons to punishment and their pro-
perty to seizure and confiscation for thebenefit of the public treasury..
It is the wish and intention of the United States to provide for
New Mexico a free government, with the least. possible delay, simi-
lar to those in fhe United States; and the people of New Mexico
"will then be called on to exercise the rights of freemen in electing
their own representatives to the territorial legislature. But until this
can be done, the laws hitherto in existence will be continued until
^ changed or modified by competent authority; and those persons
holding office will continue in the same for the present, provided
they will consider themselves good citizens and are willing to take
the oath of allegiance to the United States.
The United States hereby absolves all persons residing within
the boundaries of New Mexico from any further allegiance to the
republic of Mexico, and hereby claims them as citizens of the
United States. Those vrho remain quiet and peaceable, will be con-
sidered good citizens and receive protection — those who are found
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 171
in arms, or instigating others against the United States, will be
considered as traitors, and treated accordingly.
Don Manuel Armijo, the late governor of this department, ^as
fled from it: the undersigned has taken possession of it without
firing a gun, or spilling a single drop of blood, in which he most
truly rejoices, and for the present will be considered as governor of
the territory. ,
Given at Santa Fe, the capital of the territory of New Mexicoy
this 22.d day of August, 1846, and in the 71st year of the indepen-
dence of the United States.
S. W. KEARNY,
Brigadier General U. S. Army.
By the Governor:
Juan Bautista Vigil y Aland.
No. 15.
Letter from General Kearny to General Wool.
Head-quarters, Army of the West,
Santa Fe^ JSTew Mexico, August 22, 1846.
General: I have to inform you, that on the 18th instant, with-
out firing a gun or spilling a drop of blood, I took possession of
this city, the capital of the department of. new Mexico; and that I
have this day issued a proclamation claiming the whole depart-
ment, with its original boundaries, for the United States, and under
the title of " the territory of New Mexico."
Every thing here is quiet and peaceable. The people now under-
stand the advantages they are to derive from a change of govern-
ment, and are much gratified with it.
I have more troops (Missouri volunteers) following in my rear.
On their arrival, there will be more than necessary for this terri-
tory. ,1 will send the surplus to you. Should you not want them,
you can order them to Major General Taylor, or to their homes, as
you may think the good of the public service requires.
I am destined for Upper California, and hope to start from here
in the course of a few weeks. Success attend you.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
S. W. KEARNY,
Brig. Gen. U. S. Army.
Brig. Gen. Jno. E. Wool,
U. S. Army, Chihuahua.
172 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
No. 16.
Appointment^ by General Kearny, of Treasurer of Santa Fe.
m
Henry L. Dodg;e is appointed treasurer of Santa Fe, New Mexico,
in the place of Francisco Ortis, who, in consequence of sickness,
is unable to perform the duties.
Mr. Ortis will turn over to his successor any public funds, books,
or property, pertaining to his office, which he may have in his pos-
session.
S. W. KEARNY,
Brig. Gen. U. S. A.
Santa Fe, New Mexico,
August 28, 1846.
No. 17.
Appointment, by General Kearny, of Collector of Santa Fe.
Tomas Rivero is appointed collector of Santa Fe, territory of
New Mexico, in the place of Jose Garcia, who, from deafness, is
unable to perform the duties.
Mr. Garcia will turn over to his successor any public funds,
books, or property, pertaining to his office, which he may have ia
his possession.
Santa Fe, New Mexico,
August 29, 1846.
S. W. KEARNY,
Brig. Gen. U. S. A.
No. 18.
Letter of General Kearny to the Adjutant General.
Head-quarters, Army of the West,
Santa Fe, JYew Mexico, September 1, 1846.
Sir: I avail myself of a private opportunity to Missouri to send
to you copies of all papers, civil and military, which have passed
from under my hands since the 24th ultimo, the* date of my last
communication to you.
The troops composing this command are, ^ and have been since
the day after our reaching here, necessarily divided — one half the
officers and men (excepting of the infantry) are, with all the horses
and mules, about 25 miles from here, where they went for grass;
the other half are in and around this city, and a large number of
them daily employed, under the engineers, in erecting fortications
to insure the safety of it.
. Ex. Doc. No. 60. 173
We leave here to-morrow, taking about 700 mounted men with
us to visit the lower country, and to quiet the minds of the people,
■which are still a little excited by idle rumors and reports. I shall
be absent about a fortnight; after which an express will be sent to
Fort Leavenworth, with such information as I may obtain.
I am now endeavoring to raise from the inhabitants of the terri-
tory a company of infantry, (volunteers for one year.) I have ap-
pointed a Mexican captain, and an American first lieutenant of it.
I think much good will result from it.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
S. W. KEARNY,
Brigadier General.
Brig. Gen. Jones,
Adjutant General U. S. Jl.^ Washington.
No. 19. ;
Order of General Kearny abolishing the use of stamp paper.
From this day so much of the law, hitherto in force in New
Mexico, which requires that stamped paper shall be; used in certain
transactions, is abolished.
S. W. KEARNY,
Brig. Gen. U. S. A..
Santa Fe, Territory of New Mexico,
August 29, 1846.
No. 20.
ORDER OF GENERAL KEARNY REGULATING LICENSES.
Licenses for stores^ ^c. — Duties on wagons, Sfc.
The following sums will be collected in place of those estab-
lished April 11th, 1844:
License for dry goods store, per month $2 00
Do grocery, do do 4 00
Do taverns, do 5 00
Do public billiard tables, do 3 00
Do monte table, chuza or game of chance, per night, 1 50
Do balls, where money is charged for attending, 2 00
Licenses for the above must be obtained and paid for in advance;
if not, then five times the foregoing suras to be charged, and the
individuals confined until the amount is paid.
Wagons from the Arkansas or Chihuahua, with gdods be-
longing to individuals, and not public ones, each $4 00
174 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Pleasure carriages, from the above places, each -$2 00
Wao-ons or carriages, belonging to individuals, entering
the public Plaza • 25
The above sums will be collected by the collector of Santa Fe,
and turned over to the treasurer of the city for the benefit thereof;
the treasurer and collector keeping a correct account of all sums
received, and for which they will be held strictly responsible.
• The collector of Galisteo will collect the same amount for each
wagon or carriage as above; both to take effect from the 22d in-
stant, the day of New Mexico becoming a part of the United
States.
The above to continue in force until changed by proper author-
^^^' ^ S. W. KEARNY,
Brigadier General U. S. Army.
Santa Fe, New Mexico,
August 27, 1846.
No. 21.
Letter of General Kearny^ to the Adjutant General.
Head-quarters, Army of the West,
Santa Fe., New Mexico, September 16, 1S46.
Sir: Since my communication to you of the 1st instant, I have
inarched with 700 men about 100 miles down the Del Norte, to the
village of Tome. The inhabitants of the country were found to
be highly satisfied and contented with the change of government,
and apparently vied with each other to see who could show to us
the greatest hospitality and kindness.
There can no longer be apprehended any organized resistance in
this territory to our troops; and the commander of them, whoever
he may be, will hereafter have nothing to attend to but to secure
the inhabitants from further depredations from the Navajoe and
Eutaw Indians; and, for this object, paragraph three of Orders No.
2.3, was this day issued, a copy of which is enclosed herewith.
As this territory is now so perfectly quiet, I have determined
(knowing the wishes of the Executive) to leave here for Upper
California as soon as possible, and have fixed upon the 25th as the
day of departure. As 1 am ignorant when to expect Captain Allen
and his command, I have determined upon taking with me Major
Sumner and the efficient men (about 300) of the 1st dragoons.
Orders will be left for Captain Allen to follow on our trail. From
the most reliable information yet received as to the best route, we
have determined upon marching about 200 milts down the Del
Norte; then to. the Gila; down that river near to its mouth; leav-
ing which, we cross the Colorado; and then, keeping near the Pa-
cific, \ip to Monterey. This route will carry us not far from and
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 175
along the southern boundary of New Mexico and Upper Californiaj
and we hope to reach the Pacific by the end of November. No ex-
ertions will be wanting on the part of any one attached to this ex-
pedition in insuring to it full and entire success. .
I have now respectfully to ask that, in the event of our getting
possession of Upper California — of establishing a civil government
there — securing peace, quiet, and order among the inhabitants, and
precluding the possibility of the Mexicans again having control
there, I may be permitted to leave there next summer with the 1st
dragoons, and march them back to Fort Leavenworth, on the Mis-
souri; and I would respectfully suggest that troops, to remain in
California and Oregon, should be raised expressly for the purpose —
say for three years — to be discharged at the expiration of that time;
each man, from the colonel to the private, receiving a number of
acres of land in proportion to his rank. Regiments could easily
be raised on such terms; and when discharged,* military colonies
■would thus be established by them.
Surgeon Decamp will be left in charge of the hospitals at this
place, and to superintend the medical department in this territory.
He is very desirous, as are the other officers of the army now here,
to leave next summer. The doctor wishes to return to Jeflerson
barracks, St. Louis, or to the arsenal, and I recommend that he be
gratified.
A large number of troops are daily employed, under the direc-
tion of Lieutenant Gilmer, of the engineers, in erecting a fort for
the defence and protection of this city; and, as this is the capital
of the territory — a new acquisition to the United States — the fort
will be an important and a permanent one, and I have thi.s day named
it " Fort Marcy," and now ask for a confirmation of it.
I have not heard or received a line from Colonel Price, at, any
time, and know not if he, or any part of his regiment, has even
left Fort Leavenworth.
I will write to you again before leaving here, and will then in-
form you of the arrangements made relating to the civil govern-
ment for this territory, which has been and continues a delicate and
difficult task.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
S. W. KEARNY.
Brigadier General U. S. Army.
Brigadier General R. Jones,
Adjutant General of U. S. Army^ Washington.
No. 22.
Letter of General Kearny to the Adjutant General.
Head-quarters, Army of the West,
Santa Fcj JYew Mexico, September 22, 1846.
Sir: I enclose herewith a copy of the laws prepared for the gov-
ernment of the territory of New Mexico; and a list of appointments
176 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
•to civil offices in the territory, both of which I have this day signed
and published,
I take great pleasure in stating that I am entirely indebted for
these laws to Colonel A. W. Doniphan, of the 1st regiment of Mis-
souri mounted volunteers, who received much assistance from pri-
vate Willard P. Hall, ot his regiment.
These laws are taken, part from the laws of Mexico — retained as
in, the original — a part with such modifications as our laws and
constitution made necessary; a part are from the laws of the Missouri
territory; a part from the laws of Texas, and also of Texas and
Coahuila; a part from the statues of Missouri; and the remainder
from the Livingston code.
The organic law is taken from the organic law of Missouri terri-
tory. (See act ol Congress, June 4, 1842.)
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
S. W. KEARNY,
Brio-adier General U. S. Jl,
The Adjutant General 17. S. Ji.^ Washington.
[Received at the War Department November 23.]
No. 22.
Appointment, hy General Kearny, of civil officers.
Being duly authorized by the President of the United States of
America, I hereby make the following appointments for the gov-
ernment of New Mexico, a territory of the United States. The of-
ficers thus appointed will be obeyed and respected accordingly:
Charles Bent, to be governor.
Donaisano Vigil, to be secretary of the territory.
Richard Dallam, to be marshal.
Francis P. Blair, to be United States district attorney.
Charles Blumner, to be treasurer.
Eugene Seitzendorfer, to be auditor of public accounts.
Joab Houghton, Antonio Jose Otero, Charles Beaubian, ta
be judges of the superior court.
Given at Santa Fe, the capital of the territory of New Mexico^
this 22d day of September, 1846, and in the 71st year of the in-
dependence of the United States.
S. W. KEARNY,
Brigadier General U. S. A.
Francisco Sanacino (Pajarito) is hereby re-appointed prefect of
the district of the Southwest, in place of Francisco Ariliijo y Ortiz,
this day removed.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 177
Miguel Romero is hereby appointed alcalde at the Placeya, in
place of Ju'ien Tenoira, this day removed.
S. W. KEARNY,
Brigadier General U. S, A.
Santa Fe, New Mexico, Sept. 22, 1846.
f
[Received at the War Department November 23d.]
No. 24.
Organic law for the territory of JVew Mexico^ compiled under the
directions of General Kearny.
[Received at the War Department November 23, 1846.]
ORGANIC LAW OF THE TERRITORY OF NEW MEXICO.
The government of the United States of America ordains and es-
tablishes the following organic law for the territory of New
Mexico, which has become a territory of the said government:
ARTICLE I.
Sec. 1. The country heretofore known as New Mexico shall be
known hereafter and designated as the territory of New Mexico,
in the United States of America, and the temporary government of
the Said territory shall be organize;d and administered in the man-
ner herein prescribed.
ARTICLE II.
Executive power. '
Sec. 2. The executive power shall be vested in a governor, who
shall reside in the said territory, and shall hold his office for two
years, unless sooner removed by the President of the United
States.
He shall be the commander-in-chief of the militia of the said
territory, except when called into the service of the United States',
and ex officio superintendent of Indian affairs.
He shall have power to fill all civil and military offices which
shall be established, the appointments to which shall not be other-
wise provided for by law.
He shall cause the laws to be distributed and faithfully executed,
and shall be conservator of the peace throughout the territory.
He shalJ, from time to time, inform the general assembly of the
condition of the government, and shall recommend all necessary
measures, and may convene them on extraordinary occasions by
proclamation, stating the purpose for which they are convened.
Whenever any office shall become vacant he shall fill the same,
12
178 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
until, a successor shall be properly appointed and qualified. He
shall have power to remit fines and forieitures, and grant reprieves
and pardons for all offences against the laws of the territory, and
reprieves in all cases against the laws of the United States, until
the decision of the President thereof can be known.
Sec. 2. There shall be a secretary of the territory who shall hold
his office for two years, unless sooner removed Dy the President of
the United States.
He shall, under the direction of the governor, record and pre-
serve all the proceedings and papers of the executive, and all acts
of the general assembly, and transmit copies of the same to the
President every six months.
In case of a vacancy in' the office of governor, the secretary shall
discharge the duties of governor until another be appointed and
qualified.
Sec. 3. There shall be a marshal, a United States district attor-
ney, an auditor of public accounts, and a treasurer, for the terri-
tory, and a sheriff and coroner for each county, whose duty shall
be defined by law.
ARTICLE III.l
Legislative power. ,
Sec. 1. The legislative power shall be vested in a general assem-
bly, which shall consist of a legislative council and a house of re-
presentatives.
Sec. 2. The house of representatives shall consist of members to
be chosen every two years by the qualified electors of the seve'ral
counties; and the legislative council shall consist of members to be
chosen every four years by the qualified electors of their respective
districts.
Sec. 4. No person shall be eligible to the house of representa-
tives who shaltnot have attained to the age of twenty-four y-ears,
who shall not be a free male citizen of the territory of New Mexi-
co, and who shall not have been an inhabitant of the county he
may be chosen to represent at least six months next preceding his
election.
Sec 4. No person shall be eligible to the legislative council who
shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, who shall not be
a free male citizen of the territory of New Mexico, and who shall
not have been an inhabitant of the district which he may be chosen
to represent at least six months next preceding his election, if such
district shall be so long established; but if not, then of the district
or districts from which the same shall have been taken.
Sec. 5. The legislative council shall never be more than one-
third as numerous as the house of representatives, for the election
of whom the territory shall be divided into convenient districts,
which may be altered from time to time, and new districts estab-
lished, as public convenience may require.
Sec. 6. The general assembly shall divide the territory into a
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 179
convenient number of cour.ties, and shall apportion the members
of the house of representatives among the same according to the
free male population; but the whole number of its members shall
never exceed twenty-one, until otherwise directed by the law of
the United States.
Sec. 7. Until the legislative power shall otherwise direct, the
territory of New Mexico shall retain the division of counties and
districts established by the decree of the- department of New
Mexico, of June 17, 1844, and they shall be represented as follows:
In the house of representatives, the county of Santa Fe shall have
three members; the county of San Miguel del Bado, three; the
county of Rio Arriva, three; the county of Valencia) five; the
county of Taos, three; the county of Santa Anna, two; and the
county of Bernatillo, two. In the legislative council, the central
district shall have three members; in the northern district two mem-
bers; and the southeastern district two members; which apportion-
ment shall continue until otherwise directed by law.
Sec. 8. All free male citizens of the territory of New Mexico
who then are, and for three months next preceding the election
sliall have been, residents of the county or district in which they
shall offer to vote, shall be entitled to vote for a delega,te to the
Congress of the United States, and for members of the general as-
sembly, and for all other officers elected by the people.
Sec 9. The first electionfor a delegate to the Congress of the
United States, and for members of the general assemoly, shall be
on the first Monday in August, A. D 1847. And the governor, by
proclamation, shall designate as many places in each county as may
be necessary for'the public convenience, at which the electors may
Tote.
Sec. 10. The general assembly shall convene at the city of Santa
Fe on the first Monday in December, A. D. 1847, and on the first
Monday in December every two years thereafter, until otherwise
provided by law; and each house shall elect one of its own mem-
bers as a speaker, aud shall choose clerks and such other officers
as may be necessary; and shall sit from day to day, on its own ad-
journments, until all its business shall be finished.
Sec 11. In case of a vacancy in either house, by death or other-
wise, the governor shall issue a writ to the county or district
from which such member was elected, to elect another for the
residue of the term.
Sec. 12. No person who now is, or hereafter may be, a collector
or holder of public money, assistant, or deputy thereof, shall be
eligible to any office of profit or trust, until he shall have accounted
for, and paid over, all sums for which he may be accountable; and
no person holding any lucrative office under the United States or
this territory, except militia officers and justices of the peace,
shall be eligible to either house of the general assembly. No per-
son who shall be convicted of having, directly or indirectly, given
or offered any bribe to procure his own election or appointment,
or the election or appointment of any other person, or who shall
be convicted of perjury dr other infamous crime, shall be eligible
180 -Ex. Doc. No. 60.
to any office of honor, profit, or trust, within tHis territory, or shall
be allowed the right of suffrage.
Sec. 13. The general assembly shall have power to make laws
in all cases, both civil and criminal, for the good government of
the people of this territory, not inconsistent with, or repugnant to,
the constitution and laws of the United States; to establish infe-
rior courts, and prescribe their jurisdiction and duties; and to
create other offices in said territory, and to fix the fees of office
and provide for the payment of the same, except those whose pay-
ment is provided for by the government of the United States.
Each house shall judge of the election, qualifications, and returns
of its own members. A majority of each house shall constitute a
quorum to do business, but a smaller number may adjourn from
day to day. and compel the attendance of absent members. Each
house shall make its own rules of proceedings, punish its members
for disorderly behavior, and two-thirds of all the members elected
may expel a member; but no member shall be expelled twice for
the same offence. Each house shall keep, and publish from time
to time, a journal of its proceedings; all votes in the house shall
be ^^ viva voce^^"^ and, on the final passage of all bills, shall be en-
tered on the journals.
Sec. 14. Any bill may originate in either house, and may be al-
tered, amended, or rejected by the other, and shall be read on
three different days in each house; and, having passed both houses,
shall be signed by their respective speakers, and presented to the
governor for his approval. If he approve the same, he shall sign
it-|if he disapprove it, he shall return it to the house in which it
originated, within six days, with his objections; if he fail to re-
turn it within six days, or, after it shall have been returned, it
again pass both houses, it shall be a law without the governor's ap-
proval.
Sec. 15. The members of the general assembly shall, in all cases
except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged
from arrest in going to, returning from, and during their attend-
ance on their respective houses; and, for any speech or debate in
either house, they shall not be questioned in any other place.
Sec. 16. The sittings of each house shall be public, except when
secrecy shall be required; and each house may punish any person,
not a member, for disorderly or contemptuous behavior in their
presence while in session, by a fine not exceeding three hundred
dollars, or imprisonment not exceeding forty-eight hours, for one
offence.
Sec. 17. Each member of the general assembly shall receive
three dollars a day for each day he may attend the house of which
he is a member, arid three cjollars for every twenty-five miles he
must travel in going from his residence to the place of meeting,
and returning from thence; and the speaker of each house shall re-
ceive five dollars a day for every day he may attend the house of
which he is a member, and the same mileage with other members.
The other officers of the general assembly shall receive such com-
pensation as the law may provide. ^
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 181
Sec. 18. The style of all laws shall be, " Be it enacted byv the
general assembly of the territory of New Mexico."
ARTICLE IV.
Judicial power.
Sec. 1. The judicial power shall be vested in a superior court,
and inferior tribunals, to be established by law.
Sec. 2. The superior court shall consist of three judges, to be
appointed by the President of the United States. One of thenj
shall be the presiding judge, and the others associate judges. The
judges shall be conservators of the peace throughout the territory,
and shall hold courts at such times and places, and perform such
duties, as shall be prescribed by law.
Sec 3. The superior court shall have a general superintending
control over all inferior courts and tribunals of justice, and shall
have power to issue original writs to compel inferior courts, and
their officers, to perform their duties according to law, whenever
they may fail or refuse so to do.
Sec. 4. Every court and tribunal of justice shall appoint its own
clerk, who shall hold his office during the continuance of the tem-
porary government, unless sooner removed by his respective
court.
Sec. 5. All officers, both civil and military^ shall, before enter-
ing on the duties of their office, take an oath to support the con-
stitution of the United States, and to faithfully demean themselves
in office.
ARTICLE V.
Miscellaneous.
Sec 1. Members of the general assembly; the governor, whose
salary shall be $2,000 a year; the secretary of the Territory, whose
salary shall be $1,200 a year; the judges of the superior court,
whose salaries shall be $1,500 a year each; the marshal of the
Territory, whose salary shall be $500 a year; the United States dis-
trict attorney, whose salary shall be $500 a year, shall be paid out
of the treasury of the United States. The auditor and treasurer
shall each receive a salary of $500 a year, one-half of which shall
be paid out of the treasury of the United States, and the remain-
der out of the territorial treasury.
Sec 2. The governor, secretary of the Territory, marshal, and
United States district attorney, shall be appointed by the President
of the United States. The auditor and treasurer shall be elected
every two years by joint vote of the general assembly, and shall
hold their respective offices for two years, and until their succes-
sors are duly elected and qualified i
Sec 3. All offices in this Territory are hereby declared vacant,
except such as have been filled by the appointments of Brigadier
182 Ex. Doc. No. 60. .
General Kearny; and all offices created by this law shall be filled
by appointments of Brigadier General Kearny or his successor,,
until the government is fully organized in accordance with the
provisions of this law.
Sec. 4. Schools and the means of education shall be forever en-
couraged in this Territory. One or more schools shall be estab-
lished in each village as soon as practicable, where the poor shal!
be educated free of all charges.
i Bill of Rights.
That the great and essential principles of liberty and free govern-
ment may be recognized and established, it is hereby declared —
1st. That all political power is vested in and belongs to the peo-
ple.
2d. That the people have the right peaceably to assemble for
their common good, and to apply to those in power for redress of
grievances, by petition or remonstrance.
3d. That all men have a natural and indefeasible right to wor-
ship Almighty God according to the dictates of ti.eir consciences;
that no person can ever be hurt, molested, or restrained in his re-
ligious professions, if he do not disturb others in their religious
worship, and that all Christian churches shall be protected and
none oppressed, and that no person on account of his religious
opinions, shall be rendered ineligible to any office of honor, trust, or
profit.
4th. That courts of justice shall be open to every person; just
remedy given for every injury to person and property; that right
and justice shall be administered without sale, denial, or delayj
and that no private property shall be taken for public use without
just compensation.
5th. That the right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate.
6th. That in all criminal cases the' accused has the right to be
heard by himself and counsel, to demand the nature and cause of
the accusation, to have compulsory process for witnesses in his
favor, to meet the witnesses against him face to face, and to have
a speedy trial by a jury of his country.
7th. The accused cannot be compelled to give evidence against
himself, or be deprived of life, liberty, or property, but by a rer-
dict of a jury and the laws of the land.
8th. No person, after having been once acquitted by a jury, can
be tried a second time for the same offence.
9th. That all persons shall be bailed by sufficient sureties, except
in capital offences, where the proof of guilt is evident; and the
privileges of the writ of " habeas corpus" cannot be suspended
except the public safety shall require it, in the case of a rebellion
or invasion.
10th. Excessive bail shall not be required, excessive fines imposed,
nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
11th. That the people shall be secure in their persons, papers,
houses, and effects, from unreasonable searches and seizures; and
Ex. Doc No. 60. 183
•
that no writ shall issue for search or seizure without a probable
case of ^uilt is made out under oath. , /
12th. That the free communication of thoughts and opinions is
one of the invaluable rights of freemen, and that every person may
freely speak, write, and print on any subject, being responsible for
every abuse of that liberty.
13ih. That no vicar, priest, preacher of the Gospel, nor teacher,
of any religious denomination, shall ever be compelled to bear
arms, or to serve on juries, work on roads, or perform military
duty.
Done at the government house in the city of Santa Fe, in the
Territory of New Mexico, by Brigadier General Stephen W. Kear-
ny, by virtue of the power and authority conferred on him by the
government of the United States, this twenty-second September,
1846.
S. W. KEARNY,
Brigadier General^ U. S. A.
LAWS FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE TERRITORY OF NEW MEXICO.
Administration.
Sec. 1. The laws heretofore in force concerning descents, distri-
butions, wills, and testaments, as contained in the treatise on these
subjects, written by Pedro Murillo de Larde, shall remain in force,
so far as they are in conformity with the constitution and laws of
the United States, and the statute laws in force for the time being.
Sec. 2. The prefects shall grant letters testamentary and of ad-
ministratign.
Sec. 3. Letters testamentary and of administration shall be
granted in the county in which the mansion house or place of abode
of the deceased is situated. If he had no mansion house or place
of abode at the time of his death, and be possessed of lands, let-
ters shall be granted in the county in which the lands, or a pa'rt
thereof, lie. If the' deceased had no mansion house or place of
abode, and was not possessed of land, letters may be granted in the
county in which he died, or the greater part of his estate may be.
If he died out of the Territory, having no mansion house or place
of abode, or lands, within this Territory, letters may be granted in
any country in which any of the personal estate of the deceased
may be.
Sec. 4. All orders, settlements, trials and proceedings, touching
the administration of estates, shall be had or made in the county in
which the letters testamentary or of administration were granted.
Sec. 5. Letters of administration shall be granted, first, to the
husband or wife surviving ; second, if there be no husband or wife
surviving, to those who are entitled to the distribution of the estate,
or one or more of them, as the prefect shall believe will best man-
age the estate.
184 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Sfic. 6. If no person apply for such letters within thirty dayfe
after the death of the deceased, any creditor shall be allowed to
take out such 'letters ; and in defect of these, the prefect may select
as administrator such discreet person as he may choose.
Sec. 7. After probate of any will, letters testamentary shall be
granted to the person or persons therein appointed executor or
executors. If a part of the persons thus appointed refuse to act, or
be disqualified, the letters shall be granted to the other persons.there-
in appointed. If all such persons refuse to act, or be disqualified,
letters of administration shall be granted to the person to whom
'administration would have been granted if there had been no will.
Where there are two or more persons named executors in a will,
none shall have power to act as such except those who give bond.
Sec. 8. If the validity of a will be contested, or the executor be
a minor, or absent from the^Territory, letters of administration
shall be granted during the time such contest^ minority or absence,
to some other person, who shall take charge of the property, and
administer the same according to law, under the direction of the
prefect, and account for and pay and deliver all the money and
property of the estate to the executor or regular administrator,
when qualified to act.
Sec. 9. Every applicant for letters of administration, at the time
of the application, shall make an affidavit, stating, to the best of his
knowledge and belief, the names and places of residence of the
heirs of the deceased ; that the deceased died without a will, and
that he will make a perfect inventory, and faithfully administer all
the estate of the deceased, and account for and pay all assets which
shall come to his possession or knowledge.
Sec. 10. A similar affidavit, with variations, as the case may
require, shall be made by administrators of the goods remaining un-
administered, and by administrators during the time of a contest
about a will, or the minority or absence of the executor.
Sec 11. Every administrator, with the will annexed, and execu-
tor, at the time letters are granted to him, shall make an affidavit
that he will make a perfect inventory of the estate, and faithfully
execute the last will of the testator, and render just accounts, and
faithfully perform all things required by law touching such execu-
torship or administration. The prefect shall take a bond of the
person to whom letters testamentary or of administration are granted,
with two or more sufficient securities, resident in the county, to the
Territory of New Mexico, in such sum as the prefect shall deem
sufficient ; not less than double the estimated value of the estate,
conditioned for the faithful performance of his duties as executor
or administrator, and no person shall act as executor or adminis-
trator until he shall have given such bond. If any prefect shall
refuse or neglect to take such bond at the time of granting such
letters, he shall himself be liable for all the damages resulting from
such neglect or refusal, at the suit of any person injured.
Sec 12. All letters testamentary and of administration, and all
bonds and affidavits of executors and administrators, shall be re-
corded by the clerk of the prefect, in a well bound book, kept for
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 185
that purpose, before such letters are delivered to the exector or
administrator ; and the clerk shall certify on the letters that they
have been recorded ; and if any prefect shall deliver, without com-
plying with the foregoing requisitions, any such letters, he shall
forfeit to the party injured double the damages occasioned by such
default.
Sec. 13. Every executor and administrator shall exhibit a state-
ment of the accounts of his administration for settlement, with
proper vouchers, to the court of the prefect, at the first term after
the end of one yearfrom the date of his letters, and at the corres-
ponding term of such court every year thereafter, until the admin-
istration be completed; and upon every failure so to do, may be
fined not more than one hundred dollars, for the use of the county,
and shall forfeit to the party injured double the damages^ sustained
by such default.
Attachments.
Sec. 1. Creditors, whose demands amount to fifty dollars or more,
may sue their debtors in the circuit court by attachment, in the fol-
lowing cases :
First. When the debtor is not a resident of, nor resides in this
Territory.
Second. When the debtor has concealed himself, or absconded,
or absented himself from his usual place of abode in this Territory,
so that the ordinary process of law cannot be served upon him.
Third. When the debtor is about to remove his property or effects
out of this Territory, or has fraudulently conveyed or assigned his
property or effects, or has fraudulently concealed or disposed of his
property or effects, so as to defraud, hinder or delay his creditors.
Fourth. When the debtor is about fraudulently to convey or as-
sign, conceal or dispose of his property or effects, so as to hinder,
delay or defraud his creditor's.
Fifth. When the debt was contracted out of this Territory, and
the debtor has absconded, or secretly removed his property or effects
into this Territory, with the intent to hinder, delay or defraud his
creditors.
Sec. 2. A creditor wishing to sue his debtor by attachment, may
file in *he clerk's office of the circuit court of any county in this
Territory a petition or other lawful statement of his cause of action;
and shall also file an affidavit and bond ; and thereupon such credi-
tor may sue out an original attachment against the lands, tene-
ments, goods, mone}%, effects and credits of the debtor, in whoseso-
ever hands they may be.
Sec. 3. The affidavit shall be made by the plaintiff, or some per-
son for him, and shall state that the defendant is justly indebted to
the plaintiff, after allowing all just credits and offsets, in a sum to
be specified in the affidavit, and on what account ; and shall also
state the affiant has good reason to believe, and does believe, the
existence of one or more of the causes which, according to the pro-
186 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
visions of the first section, will entitle the plaintiff to sue by at-
tachment.
Sec 4. The bond shall be executed by the plaintiff, or some re-
sponsible person as principal, and two or more securities, residents
of the county in which the action is to be brought, in a sum at
least double the amount sworn to, payable to this Territory, con-
ditioned that the plaintiff shall prosecute his action without delay^
and with effect, and refund all sums of money that may be adjudged
to be refunded, to the defendant, and pay all damages that may
accrue to any defendant, or garnishee, by reason of the attachment,
or any process or judgment thereon.
Sec 5. The clerk shall judge of the sufficiency of the penalty^
and the security in the bond; if they be approved, he shall endorse
his approval thereon, and the same, together with the affidavit and
petition, or other lawful statement of the cause of action, shall be
filed before an attachment shall be issued.
Sec. 6. The bond given by the plaintiflf, or other person, in a
suit by attachment, may be sued on by any party injured, in the
name of the Territory; and he shall proceed as in ordinary suits,,
and shall recover such damages as he may have sustained.
Sec. 7. Original writs of attachment shall be directed to the
sheriff of the proper county, commanding him to attach the defen-
dant by all and singular his lands and tenements, goods, moneys,,
effects, and credits, in whosoever hands the same may be found,
with a clause of the nature and to the effect of an ordinary citation,
to answer the action of the plaintiff.
Sec. 8. Original writs of attachment shall be issued and returned
in-like time and manner as ordinary writs of citation; and whea
the defendant is cited to answer the action, the like proceedings
shall be had between him and the plaintiff as in ordinary actions or
contracts, and a general judgment may be rendered for or against
the defendant.
Sec. 9. The manner of serving writs of attachment shall be as
follows:
First. The writ and petition, or other lawful statement of the
cause of action, shall be served on the defendant as an ordinary
citation.
Second. Garnishees shall be summoned by the sheriff, declaring
to them that he summons them to appear at the return term of the
writ to answer the interrogatories which may be exhibited by the
plaintiff, and by reading the writ to them if required.
Third. When lands or tenements are to be attached, the officer
shall briefly describe the same in his return, an«l state that he at-
tached all the right, title, and interest of the defendant to the same;
and shall moreover give notice to the actual tenants, if any there
be.
Fourth. When goods and chattels, moneys, effects, or evidences
of debt are to be attached, the officer shall seize the same and keep
them in his custody, if accessible; and, if not accessible, he shall
summon the person in whose hands they may be, as garnishee.
Fifth. When the credits of the defendant are to be attached, the
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 187
officer Ishall declare to the debtor of the defendant that he attaches
in his hands all debts due from him to the defendant, or so much
thereof as shall be sufficient to satisfy the debt, interest and costs,
and summon su'.h person as garnishee.
Sec. 10. All persons shall be summoned as garnishee who are
named as such in the writ; and such others as the officer shall find
in the possession of goods, money, or effects of the defendant not
actually seized by the officer and debtors of the*defendant, and also
such as the plaintiff or his agent shall direct.
Sec. 11. When the defendant cannot be cited, and his property
or effects shall be attached, if he do not appear and answer to the
action at the return term of the writ, within the first two days
thereof, the court shall order a publication to be made, stating the
nature and amount of the plaintiff's demand, and notifying the de-
fendant that his property has been attached, and that, unless he
appear at the next term, judgment will be rendered against him,
and his property sold to satisfy the same; which notice shall be
published frur weeks successively in some newspaper printed in
this Territory, the last insertion to be not less than two weeks be-
fore the first day of the next term; but if there should be no news-
paper printed in this Territory, said notice shall be published by
not less than six hand-bills put up at six different public places in
the county at least six weeks before the first day of the next term.
Sec. 12. When the defendant shall be notified by publication as
aforesaid, and shall not appear and answer the action, judgment by
default may be entered, which may be proceeded on to final judg-
ment, as in ordinary actions, but such judgment shall only bind
the property attached, and shall be no evidence of indebtedness
against the defendant in any subsequent suit.
Sec. 13. When property of the defendant, found in his posses-
sion or in the hands of any other person, shall be attached, the de-
femlant or such other person may retain possession thereof, by giv-
ing bond and security, to the satisfaction of the officer executing
the writ, to the officer or his successor, in double the value of the
property attached, conditioned that the same shall be forthcoming
when and where the court shall direct, and shall abide the judg-
ment of the court.
Sec. 14. The officer executing the writ of attachment shall re-
turn with the writ all bonds taken by him in virtue thereof, a sche-
dule of all property and effects attached, and the names of all the
garnishees, the times and places when and where respectively sum-
moned. ^
Sec 15. If the officer wilfully fail to return a good and sufficient
bond in any case where bond is required by this law, he shall be
held and considered as security for the performance of all acts and
the payment of all money to secure the performance of which such
bond ought to have been taken.
Sec 16, In all cases where property or effects shall be attached,
the defendant may, at the court to which the writ is returnable, put
in his answer without oath, denying the truth of any material fact
which the plaintiff may reply. A trial
J J
contained in the affidavit, to whi
188 Ex. Doc. No. 60. . , ^
of the truth of the affidavit shall be had at the same term, and on
such trial the plaintiff shall he held to prove the existence of the
facts set forth in the affidavit as the ground of the attachment; and
if the issue be found for him, the cause shall proceed; but if 'it be
found for the defendant, the cause shall be dismissed, at the cost of
the plaintiff.
^ Sec. 17. The plaintiff may exhibit in the cause written allega-
tions and interrogatories at the return term of the writ, and not af-
terwards, touching the property, effects, and credits attached in the
hands of any garnishee. The garnishee shall exhibit and file his
answer thereto, on oath, during such term, unless the court, for
good cause shown, shall order otherwise. In default of such an-
swer, or of a sufficient answer, the plaintiff may take judgment by
default against him, or the court may, upon motion, compel him to
answer by attachment of his body.
^ Sec. 18. Such judgment by default may be proceeded on to final
judgment, in like manner as in case of defendants in actions upon
contracts; but no final judgment shall be rendered against the gar-
nishee till there sLall be a final judgment against the defendant.
Sec. 19. Plaintiff may deny the answer of the garnishee in
whole or in part, and the issue shall be tried as ordinary issues
between plaintiffs and defendants. If, on such trial, the property
or effects of the defendant be found in the hands of the gamishee,
the value thereof shall be assessed, and judgment shall be" for the
proper amount of money. If the answer of the garnishee be not
excepted to nor denied at the same term at which it is filed, it shall
be taken as true and sufficient."*
Sec 20. If by the answer not excepted to, nor denied, it shall
appear that the garnishee is possessed of property or effects of the
defendant, or is indebted to ti.e defendant, the value of the property
or the effects, or of the debt being ascertained, judgment may be
rendered against the garnishee.
Sec, 21. In all cases of controversy between the plaintiff and
garnishee, the parties may be adjudged to pay or recover costs as
in ordinary cases between plaintiff and defendant.
Sec. 22. Creditors whose demands are for a less amount than
fifty dollars may sue their debtors by attachment before an alcalde
in the same cases, and in the same manner, and under the same rules
as creditors are allowed to sue out writs of attachments in the
circuit court, provided that publication, when required, may be by
six hand-bills put up at different public places three weeks before
the return day of the writ.
' Attorney general and circuit attorneys.
Sec 1. Thg^e 'shall be an attorney general appointed by the
governor, who shall reside and keep his office at the seat of gov-
ernment; he shall act as circuit attorney for the circuit in which
the seat of government is, and in said circuit shall perform the du-
ties required by law of circuit attorneys, and receive the same fees
therefor. '
Ex. Doc. No. 60. '189
Sec. 2. When required, he shall give his opinion in writing to
the general assembly, or either house, to the governor, secretary
of the Territory, auditor, treasurer, and any circuit attorney, upon
any question of law relating to their respective duties or offices.
Sec. 3. The governor shall appoint a suitable circuit attorney in
every circuit in this Territory, who shall hold his office for two
years, and until his successor be appointed and qualified; he shall
reside in his circuit; he shall commence and prosecute all civil
and criminal actions in which the Territory or any county in his
circuit may be concerned, and defend all suits which may be
brought against the Territory, or any county in his circuit; he shall
prosecute forfeited recognizances and actions for the recovery of
debts, fines^ penalties, and forfeitures accruing to the Territory or
any county in his circuit.
Sec. 4. If the attorney general or circuit attorney be interested,
or shall have been counsel in any cause, or shall be absent at the tfial
of any cause, the circuit court may appoint some other person to
presecute or defend the cause.
Sec. 5, If the attorney general or circuit attorney be sick, or
absent, the circuit court shall appoint some person to discharge the
duties of,the office, until the proper officer resumes the discharge
of his duties; the person thus appointed shall possess the same
power and receive the same fees as the proper officer would if he
were present.
Sec. 6. The circuit attorney shall give his opinion without fee to
any alcalde or prefect in his circuit, if required, on any queation
of law in any case in which the Territory or any county in his cir-
cuit is concerned, pending before such officer.
Sec 7. In addition to the fees of office the attorney general shall
receive a salary of five hundred dollars a year, and each circuit
attorney shall receive an annual salary of two hundred and fifty
dollars, one-half to be paid out of the treasury of the United States,
and the other half to be paid out of the treasury of the Territory,
Clerks.
Sec 1. Every prefect shall appoint a clerk, who shall hold his
office for two' years, and until his successor is appointed and quali-
fied.
Sec 2. The clerk of the circuit court of the county in which
the superior court may sit shall be ex officio clerk of the superior
court.
Sec. 3. The clerks of the superior and inferior courts, and of
the prefect, shall seasonably record the judgments, rules, orders,
and other proceedings of their respective courts, and make a com-
plete alphabetical index thereto, issue and attest all process issu-
ing from their respective offices, and affix the seal of office thereto;
they shall preserve the seal and other property belonging to their
respective offices; they shall provide suitable books, stationery,
and furniture for their respective offices, and keep a correct ac-
count thereof.
190 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Sec. 4. Each court shall audit and allow such accounts, and all
such allowances made to the clerk of the superior court shall be
paid by the United States, and all others by their respective coun-
ties.
Sec 5. The said clerks, previous to entering on the duties of
their respective offices, shall give bond, with security, to the Ter-
ritory, to be approved by the judge making the appointment, con-
ditioned to do and perform al) the duties required by law.
Sec. 6. If any clerk shall wilfully and knowingly do any act
contrary to the duties of his office, or shall knowingly and wil-
• fully fail to perform any duty required of him by law, he shall be
removed from his ofiice by the court of which he is clerk, on mo-
tion founded on charges exhibited.
Sec 7. A notice of such motion and copy of the charges shall
be served on him at least ten days before the day on which the
motion is made. A jury shall be summoned to trj the truth of the
charges, if they are denied, or the whole may be submitted to the
€Ourt at the option of the accused.
Constables.
Sec 1. Every prefect shall appoint not more than four consta-
bles in his county, who shall hold their offices for not more than
two years.
Sec 2. Every constable, within ten days after his appointment,
shall appear before the prefect and enter into bond to the Territory,
with good securities, for not less"than four hundred nor more than
four thousand dollars, conditioned that he will execute all process
'to him directed and delivered, and pay over all money by him col-
lected by virtue of his office, and discharge all the duties of con-
stable according to law; which bond shall be approved by the pre-
fect and filed in the office of his clerk.
Sec 3. Whenever the prefect shall be satisfied that the bond of
any constable is likely to prove insufficient, by reason of the death
or failure of the sureties to his bond, or any of them, he shall re-
quire such constable to give a new bond; and, in default thereof,
shall remove hira from office.
Sec. 4. If any constable shall detain any money collected by him
as constable after demand made therefor, he ^■hall be removed from
his office by the prefect in the same manner as is prescribed for the
removal of clerks; and shall, moreover, forfeit to the party entitled
thereto two per cent, a month upon the amount so detained, from
the time of demand made until actual payment.
Courts and judicial powers.
Sec 1. The judges of the superior court shall be ex officio judges
of the respective circuit courts; and they shall determine, by vote
or otherwise, who shall be presiding or chief justice, and who shall
be first and v/ho second associate justice.
Sec 2. This Territory shall be divided into three judicial cir-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. • 191
cults, which shall correspond with the three municipal districts as
established in the organic law, to wit: the central, the northern,
and the southeastern.
Sec. 3. The presiding judge shall be judge of the central circuit;
the first associate judge shall be judge of the southe'astern circuit;
and the second associate judge shall be judge of the northern cir-
cuit. Each judge shall hold three courts a year in each county of
his circuit; and the three judges, as a superior court, shall hold
two courts in each circuit every year.
• Sec. 4. The superior court shall be held in the southeastern dis-
trict, at the town of Valencia, on the first Mondays of March and
September of every year; in the central district, at the city of
Santa Fe, on the third Mondays of March and September of every
year; and in the northern dietrict, at the town of Don Fernando,
on the first Mondays of April and October of every year.
Sec. 5. In the southeastern circuit, at the following times and
places, the circuit court shall be held, to wit: For the county of
Valencia, on the third Mondays of February, June, and October of
each year, at the town of Valencia; and, for the county of Ber-
nalillo, on the fourth Mondays of February, June, and October of
each year, at the town of Bernalillo.
Sec. 6. The circuit court for the central circuit shall be held at
the following times and places, to wit: For the county of Santa
Anna, on the first Mondays of February and June, and the third
Monday of October, of each year, at the town of Algadonco; for
the county of Santa Fe, on the second Mondays of February and
June, and the fourth Monday in October, in each year, at the city
of Santa Fe; for the county of San Miguel del Bado, on the third
Mondays in February and June, and first Monday in November, of
each year, at the town of San Miguel.
Sec. 7. The circuit court for the northern circuit shall be held
at the times and places following, to wit: For the county of Rio
Arriva, on the first Mondays of February and June, and the third
Monday in October, of each year, at the town of Los Lucerosj and
for the county of Taos, on the second Mondays of February and
June, and the fourth Monday of October, of each year, in the town
of Don Fernando.
Sec. 8. The superior court shall have appellate jurisdiction in
all cases, both civil and criminal, which may be determined in cir-
cuit courts.
Sec 9. Every per^n aggrieved by any judgment or decision of
any circuit court, in any civil case, may make his appeal to the
superior court.
Sec 10. No such appeal shall be allowed unless, first, the appeal
be taken at the same term at which the judgment or decision ap-
pealed from was rendered; and, second, unless the appellant, or
his agent, shall, during the same term, file in the court his affidavit
stating that such appeal is not taken for the purpose of vexation or
delay, but because the affiant believes that the appellant is aggrieved
by the judgment or decision of the court.
Sec. 11. Upon the appeal being made, the circuit court shall
192 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
make an order allowing the same. Such allowance shall stay the
execution in the following cases, and in no others: First, when the
appellant shall be executor or administrator, and the action by or
against him as such; and, second, when the appellant, or some re-
sponsible person for him, together with two sufficient sureties, to
be approved by the court, during some term at which the judgment
or decision appealed from was rendered, shall enter into a recogni-
zance to the adverse party in a sum sufficient to secure the debt,
damages, and costs covered by such judgment<or decision, together
with the interest that may grow thereon, and the costs and damages
which may be recovered in the superior court, conditioned that the
appellant shall prosecute his appeal with due diligence to a decision
in the superior court; and that, if the judgment or decision ap-
pealed from be affirmed, or the appeal be dismissed, he will perform
the judgment of the circuit court; and that he will also pay the
costs and damages that may be adjudged against him upon his
appeal.
Sec. 12. No exception shall be taken in an appeal to any pro-
ceeding in the circuit court, except such as shall have been ex-
pressly decided by that court.
Sec, 13. All appeals taken thirty days before the first day of the
next term of the superior court shall be tried at that term, and ap-
peals taken less than thirty days before the first day of such next
term shall be returnable to the next term thereafter. The appel-
lant sha'll file, in the office of the clerk of the superior court, at
least ten days before the firt^t day of the term of such court to which
the appeal is returnable, a perfect transcript of the record and
proceedings in the case. If he fail so to do, the appellee may
produce in court such transcript; and if it appear thereby that an
appeal has been allowed in the case, the court shall affirm the
judgment, unless good cause to the contrary be shown. On ap-
peals and writs of error, the appellant and plaintiff in error shall
assign errors on or before the first day of the term to which the
cause is returnable; in default of such assignment of errors, the
appeal or writ of error may be dismissed, and the judgment affirmed,
unless good cause for such failure be shown. Joinders ijti error
shall be filed within four days after the time required for the filing
of the assignment of error.
Sec. 14. The superior court, in appeals or writs of error, shall"
examine the record, and on the facts therein contained, alone, shall
award a new trial, reverse or affirm the judgment of the circuit
court, or give such other judgment as to them shall seem agreeable
to law.
' Sec. 15. And upon the affirmance of any judgment or decision,
the superior court may .award to the appellee or defendant in error
such damages, not exceeding ten per cent, on the amount of the
judgment complained of, as may be just.
Sec. 16. When the superior court shall be equally divided in
opinion, the judgment or decision of the cirduit court shall be af-
firmed.
Sec. 17. The superior court, on the determination of the case in
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 193
appeal or error, may award execution to carry the same into effect,
or may remit the accord, with their decision, to the circuit court
from which the cause came, and such determination shall be car-
ried into execution by such circuit court.
Sec. 18. The circuit courts in the several counties in which tkey
may be held shall have power and jurisdiction as follows:
First. Of all criminal cases that shall not otherwise be prorided
for by law.
Second. Exclusive original jurisdiction in all civil cases which
shall not be cognizable before the prefects and alcaldes.
Tkird. Appellate jurisdiction from the judgments and orders of
the prefects and alcaldes in all cases not prohibited by law, and
shall possess a superintending control over them.
Sec. 19. There shall be a prefect in each county in this territory
appointed by the governor, who shall hold his office for two years
and until his successor be appointed and qualified.
Sec. 20. Six terms of the prefects' courts shall be held in each
county annually, commencing on the first^ Mondays of January,
March, May, July, September, and November. Each prefect may
hold adjourned terms of his court at any time that business may
require it.
Sec. 21. The several prefects shall have exclusive original juris-
diction in all cases relative to the probate of last wills and testa-
ments; the granting letters testamentary and of administration, and
the repealing the same; the appointing and displacing guardians
of orphans and of persons of unsound mind; to binding out appren-
tices; to settlement and allowance of accounts of executors, ad-
ministrators, and guardians; to hear and determine all controversies
respecting wills, the right of executorship and administration of
guardianship, respecting the duties or accounts of executors, ad-
ministrators, and guardians, and all controversies between masters
and those bound to them; to hear and determine all suits and pro-
ceedings instituted against executors or administrators, upon any
demand against the estate of their testator or intestate: Provided.
That when such demand shall exceed one hundred dollars, the
claimant may sue either before the prefect or in the circuit
court of the first place. The prefect shall have the superintendence
of public roads in his county; may appoint overseers,. and allot
them hands for the purpose of establishing and repairino- the same.
He shall have the supervision of vagrants, and those who have no
visible means of support, and may have them arrested an,d tried by a
jury, and, in case of conviction, put to hard labor by binding them
out or placing them on public works for not more than three
months; he shall have appellate jurisdiction from the judgment of
the alcaldes, when the amount in controversy or the value of the
thing claimed does not exceed fifty dollars. Appeals shall be al-
lowed from all judgments of the prefect of the circuit court: Pro-
vided^ That all judgments in cases of appeals from the decision of
the alcaldes shall be final and conclusive.
Sec. 22. Appeals from the judgment of the pre'fects shall be al-
lowed to the circuit court in the same manner, and subject to the
13
194 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
same restrictions, as in cases of appeals from the circuit to the su-
perior court.
Sec. 23. The governor shall appoint not more than five alcaldes
in each county, who shall hold their offices for two years.
Sec. 24. Every alcalde shall have jurisdiction over the follow-
ing actions:
First. All actions founded upon bonds, or other contracts, when
balance due as damages claimed, exclusive of interest, shall not
exceed ninety dollars.
Seco7id. All actions of trespass, and of trespass on the case for
injuries to persons, or real or personal property, when the damages
claimed shall not exceed fifty dollars.
Third. To take and enter judgment on confession, when the
amount confessed shall not exceed one hundred doUarsj but no al-
calde shall have jurisdiction of any action against an executor or
administrator, or of any action of slander, malicious prosecution,
or false imprisonment, nor of any action in which the title to lands
or tenements shall come in question.
Sec. 25. Every alcade shall appoint a day in every month to re-
turn all summons by him issued, and every summons shall be made
returnable on such day, except in cases where it is otherwise spe-
cially provided.
Sec. 26. In all cases not otherwise specially provided for, the
process shall be a summons, and sh^ll be directed to some consta-
,ble of the county in which the alcalde who granted the same re-
sides, except where it is specially otherwise provided; and it shall
command the defendant to appear before the alcalde who issued
the same, at the time and place to be named in the summons, not
less than five nor more than thirty days from the date of the sum-
mons, to answer to the complaint of the plaintiff. All process
issued by alcaldes shall run in the name of the territory of New
Mexico, and be dated on the day it issued, and shall be signed by
the alcalde granting the same.
Sec 27. Every summons shall be served at least three days be-
fore the day of the appearance therein mentioned, and may be exe-
cuted either.
First. By reading the same to the defendant; or,
Second. By giving a copy thereof to the defendant; or,
Third. By leaving a copy of the summons at his usual place of
:abode, with some member of the family over the age of fifteen
years; but in all cases where the defendant shall refuse to hear the
summons read, or to receive a copy thereof, such refusal shall be a
sufficient service of such writ.
Sec. 28.. When both parties first appear before the alcalde on the
return of the process, the alcalde shall, upon the application of the
defendant, require of the plaintiff a brief verbal statement of the
mature of his demand.
Sec. 29. The alcalde shall issue subpoenas in all cases for wit-
nesses at the request of either party, which shall be served by the
constable in like manner as a summons.
Sec. 30. Every suit shall be determined at the return of the pro-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 195
■cess duly served, unless the cause be adjourned. The alcalde,
without the application or consent of either party, may, if it be
necessary, adjourn a cause to his next law day.
Sec. 31. The'alcalde, upon the application of either party, for
good cause shown by the party applying, under oath, may adjourn
a cause until his next law day.
Sec. 32. When both parties appear before the alcalde in person,
or by agent, at the time appointed for the trial of the cause, the
alcalde shall proceed to hear and determine the same accordino- to
equity and good conscience.
Sec. 33, Either party to any cause pending before an alcalde may,
before the commencement of the investigation of its merits, de-
mand that the same be tried by a jury, which jury shall consist of
six persons.
Sec. 34. The alcalde shall issue a summons to some constable of
the county wherein the cause is to be tried, commanding him to
summon six good lawful men of the county, qualified to serve as
jurors, to appear before such alcalde at the time and place to be
named therein, to make a jury, for the trial of the action between
the parties named therein. ,
Sec. 35. The constable shall execute such summons fairly and
impartially, in the manner prescribed for executing a summons on
the defendant; and if a sufficient number of competent jurors can-
iiot be obtained from those returned, the constable shall imme-
-tliately summon others to serve in their places.
Sec 36. The alcalde shall administer an oath to each juror well
■and truly to try the matter in difference between the plaintiff and
defendant, and, unless discharged by the alcalde, a true verdict to
■give according to the evidence.
Sec 37. After the jury are sworn, they shall sit together and
hear the testimony of the witnesses, which shall be delivered pub-
licly in their presence.
Sec 38. Every person offered as a witness, before any testimony
shall be given by him, shall be duly sworn that the evidence he
-shall give relating to the matter in dispute between the plaintiff
-and defendant shall be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but
the truth.
Sec 39. When the jurors have agreed on their verdict they shall
deliver the same to the alcalde publicly, who shall enter it upon
his docket.
Sec 40. The alcalde, whenever he shall be satisfied that a jury,
in any civil cause before him, after having been out a reasonable
time, cannot agree on their verdict, he may discharge them, and
shall issue a new jury summons, unless the parties consent that the
alcalde may render judgment upon the evidence already before
him; which, in such case, he may do.
Sec 41. If the defendant, after being duly summoned, fail to
appear at the time and place mentioned in the summons, the al-
calde shall render judgment by default against him, and proceed to
ascertain the amount due from the defendant to the plaintiff. If
. any witness fail to appear, unless good cause be shown, the alcalde
196 . Ex. Doc. No. 60.
;«hall issue an attachment against him to compel his attendance, and'
may fine him, not exceeding five dollars, for the use of the co,unty,
for a contempt of court.
Sec. 42, If the plaintiff fail to appear before the alcalde at the
time and place mentioned in the summons, the alcalde shall dis-
miss his suit and enter judgment for cost against him, unless his
suit be founded upon bond or note; in which case, the cause shall
3)roceed in the same manner and with the like effev.t as though the
plaintiff was personally present.
Sec 43. Appeals shall be allowed from judgments of alcaldes^
when the debt or damages do not exceed fifty dollars, to the pre-
fect: in all other cases, to the circuit court, in the same manner
and subject to the same restrictions as in cases of appeals from the
circuit to the superior court: Provided, That- an appeal may be-
"taken from the judgment of an alcalde within ten days after the
rendition of the judgment.
Costs.
Sec. 1. In all civil actions or pro(;eedings of any kind, the party
prevailing shall recover his costs against the other party, except iit
those cases in which a different provision is made by law.
Sec. 2. In all actions founded on debt or other contract, if the
plaintiff recover an amount which, exclusive of interest, is below
the jurisdiction of the court, he shall receive judgment therein^,
"but the 'Costs shall be adjudged against him unless the plaintiff's
claim, as established on the trial, shall be reduced by offsets below
the jurisdiction of the court.
Sec. 3. When an appeal shall be taken from the judgment of a
prefect or alcalde, against the appellant, the costs shall be ad-
judged as follows:
First. If the judgment be affirmed, or the appellee, on trial
anew, shall recover as much or more than the amount of the judg-
ment below, the appellant shall pay costs in both courts.
Second. If, on such trial, the judgment of the appellate court
shall be in favor of the appellant, the appellee shall pay costs ia
both courts.
Third. If the appellant shall, at any time before the appeal is
perfected, tender to the appellee any part of the judgment, and he
shall not accept it in satisfaction, and the appellee shall not re-
cover more than the amount so tendered, he shall pay costs in the
appellate court, but not in the court below.
Fourth. If no such tender be made, and the appellee recover
any thing in the appellate court, the appellant shall pay costs in
Taoth courts.
Sec 4. If such appeal shall be from a judgment in favor of the
appellant, cost shall be adjudged as follows:
First. If, upon the trial* anew, the appellant shall not recover
:inore than the judgment below, he shall pay the costs of the ap-
jpellate court,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 19T
Second. If he recover nothing, the costs shall be adjudged against'
iim in both courts.
Third. If he recover more than the judgraerit below, he shall re-
cover costs in both courts.
Sec. 5. In cases of appeals in civil suits, if the judgment of the
appellate court be against the appellant, it shall be rendered against
him and his securities in the appeal bond.
Sec. 6. When any demand shall be presented to the court of
prefect for allowance against the estate of any decedent, if the de-
mand be allowed, the estate shall pay the costs; if disallowed, the
party presenting the demand shall pay the costs.
Sec, 7. If any person commence a suit in the circuit court against
an estate within twelve months from the date of the administra-
tion, he may recover judgment, but shall pay all costs.
Sec 8. In criminal cases, if the defendant be convicted, costs
shall be adjudged against him.
Sec. 9. In all capital cases in which the defendant shall be con-
Ticted and shall be unable to pay the costs, they shall be paid by
the United States; in all other cases of conviction on indictment,
when the defendant shall be unable to pay the costs, they shall be
paid by the territory.
Sec. 10. In all capital cases, if the defendant be acquitted, the
costs shall be paid by the United States; and in all other cases of
acquittal on indictments the co-st shall be paid by the Territory.
Sec. 11. In all cases when any person shall be committed or
recognized to answer a criminal offence, and no indictment shall
be found against such person, the prosecutor shall be liable for the
costs.
Sec. 12. If a person charged with an offence shall be discharged
by the officer taking his examination, or if, on the trial before a
prefect or alcalde, of any criminal offence cognizable before such
officers, the defendant be acquitted, the costs shall be paid by the
prosecutor.
Sec 13. In all prosecutions instituted otherwise than by indict-
ment, if the offender be convicted, the costs shall not be taxed
agai-nst the United States, the Territory, or any county.
Sec 14. The person on whose oath or information any criminal
prosecution shall have been instituted shall be considered the
prosecutor.
Sec 15. Whenever any person shall be convicted of any crime
or misdemeanor, no costs incurred on his part shall be paid by the
United States, the Territory, or any county, except fees for
board.
■ Sec 16. When the costs in any criminal case shall be taxed
against the United States, the Territory, or any county, the fees of
clerk, sheriff, alcaldes, constable, attorney general, circuit attorney,
and all other ministeiial officers, shall be curtailed one-half.
Sec.' 17. No subpoena for a witness in any criminal case shall be
issued unless the name of such witness be indorsed on the indict-
ment, or the circuit attorney, or the prosecutor in the case, or tha
<lefendant or his attorney, shall order the same.
198 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Sec. is. Whenever a witness in a criminal case is recognized or
subpoenaed, he shall attend under the same until he be discharged
by the court, and no costs shall be allowed for any second recog-
3iizance or subpoena against the same witness.
Sec. 19. All fines and penalties imposed, and all forfeitures
incurred, in any case not triable by indictment, shall be paid into-
the treasury of the county in which the offence was committed, for
the benefit of said county.
Crimes and 'punishments.
Sec, 1. The crimes mentioned in the first article of this law
being defined with sufficient accuracy by the laws heretofore in:
force in this Territory, it is deemed unnecessary to do more than-
to annex the punishment to the respective offences.
Article I.
Sec. 1. If any person shall be convicted of the crime of wilful-
murder, such person shall suffer death. If any person or persons
be convicted of manslaughter, such person or persons shall be
imprisoned not exceeding ten years, and fined not exceeding one
thousand dollars.
Sec. 2. If any person or persons shall be convicted of the crime-
of arson, such person or persons shall be imprisoned not exceeding
ten years, and fined Hot exceeding five thousand dollars.
Sec 3. Every person v^^ho shall be convicted of robbery or
burglary shall be imprisoned at hard labor not exceeding ten yearS;-
and receive on his bare back thirty-nine stripes well laid on; and
if death ensue to any innocent person or persons from such robbery
or burglary, the perpetrator or perpetrators, and his accessories
before the fact, shall be deemed guilty of wilful murder, and pun-
ished with death.
Sec. 4. If any person shall be convicted of larceny or theft, he
shall be fined in a sum not exceeding one thousand dollars, or
imprisoned at hard labor not exceeding two years; and any person,
convicted of stea ing any horse, mare, gelding, mule, ass, sheep,
bog, or goat, shall be sentenced to not more than seven nor less
than two years' imprisonment at hard labor, or to receive not more
than one hundred nor less than twenty stripes, well laid on his
bare back.
Sec 5. Every person who shall be convicted of forgery or coun-
terfeiting shall be imprisoned not exceeding ten years, and receive
on his bare back not exceeding one hundred lashes well laid on.
Sec 6. Every person who shall be convicted of stealing, falsify-
ing, or altering any record, or making any fraudulent deed or con-
veyance, shall be fined not exceeding one thousand dollars, or
imprisoned not exceeding seven years.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 199
Article II.
Sec. 1. Every person who shall kill another in the necessary-
defence of his own life, or that of any other person, or of his own
house or property, or in the legal execution of any process, or in.
order to prevent great bodily harm to himself or another, shall be
deemed guiltless.
Sec. 2. If any person shall unlawfully have carnal knowledge of
any woman by force and against her will, he shall, on convicti®n
thereof, be castrated, or imprisoned not exceeding ten years, or
fined not exceeding one thousand dollars.
Sec. 3. Every person who shall be convicted of obtaining any
goods, moneys, or effects, with intent to defraud any other person,
under any false pretence, shall suffer the same punishment as in
case of larceny.
Sec 4. Every person who shall receive or buy any goods, or
effects, or chattels, knowing the same to be stolen, or shall know-'
ingly receive or harbor any thief or felon, shall, on conviction
thereof, be punished as in case of larceny.
Article III.
Sec 1. Every person who shall wilfully, and corruptly swear,
testify, or affirm falsely any material matter, upon any oath or
affirmation, or declaration legally administered in any cause, matter,
or proceeding before any court, tribunal, public body, or officer,
shall be deemed guilty of perjury, and shall be punished as
follows:
First. For perjury committed on the trial of any indictment for
a capital offence, with an express premeditated design to effect the
condeumation and execution of the prisoner, death, or confinement
in the county prison not less than ten years.
Second. For perjury committed on any other trial or proceedingj
or in any other case, by imprisonment not less than five years and
not more than ten years, and by not less than fifty nor more than
one hundred lashes on his bare back, well laid on.
Sec 2. Every person who shall procure any other person by any
means to commit any Vy^ilful and corrupt perjilry, in any cause, mat-
ter, or proceeding, in or concerning which such other person shall
be legally sworn or affirmed, shall be punished in the same manner
as hereinbefore prescribed, upon a conviction for the perjury which
shall have been so procured.
Sec 3. Every person who shall be convicted of having, directly
or indirectly, given any sum or sums of money, or any other bribe,
present, or reward, or any promise, contract, or obligation, or se-
curity for the payment or delivery of any money, present, or reward,
or any other thing, to obtain or procure the opinion, judgment, or
decree of any judge, prefect, or alcade, acting within this territory,
in any suit, controversy, matter, or cause depending before him, and
every judge, prefect, or alcade, who shall be convicted of having in
anywise accepted or received the same, shall be fined not more than
200 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
five thousand dollars nor less than five hundred dollars, and shall
receive not less than twenty nor more than one hundred lashes on
the bare back, well laid on.
Sec. 4. If any person or persons shall knowingly and wilfully
obstruct, resist, or oppose any officer of this Territory in serving or
attempting to serve or execute any process, or any rule or order of
any of the courts of this Territory, or any other judicial writ or pro-
cess, or shall assault, beat, or wound any officer or other person
duly authorized, in serving or executing any writ, rule, order, or
process aforesaid, he or they, on convictiot thereof, shall be im-
prisoned not exceeding twelve months, and fined^ot exceeding
three hundred dollars.
Sec 5. If any person or persons shall by force set at liberty or
rescue any person who shall be found guilty of any capital crime,
or rescue any person convicted of the said crimes, going to execu-
tion or during execution, he or they so offending, and being thereof
. convicted, shall suffer death; and if any person shall by force set at
liberty or rescue any person who, before conviction, shall stand
committed for any capital offence, or if any person shall by force
set at liberty or rescue any person committed for, or convicted o^,
any other offence against this territory, the person so offending
shall, on conviction, be fined not exceeding five hundred dollars,
and imprisoned not exceeding one year.
Sec. 6. Every person who shall agree or compound to take satis-
faction for any criminal offence, shall forfeit twice the value of the
sum agreed for or tak'en^ but no person shall be debarred from
taking his goods or property from, the thief, provided he prosecute
such thief.
Sec. 7. Every person who shall be convicted of shooting at or
stabbing another on purpose, or of assa'jlting or beating another
with a deadly .weapon, with intent to kill, maim, ravish, or rob
such person, or to commit any other crime, shall be imprisoned not
exceeding seven years nor less than two years.
Sec. 8. Every person who shall unlawfully assault, strike, or
•wound another, except as is provided for in the next preceding sec-
tion, shall, on conviction, be fined a sum not more than fifty dollars
nor less than one dollar.
Sec. 9. Every person who shall be convicted of bigamy or
polygamy shall be imprisoned not more than seven years nor less
than two*years.
Sec. 10. If three or more persons shall assemble together with
intent to do any unlawful act against the person or property of
another, or to do any other unlawful act against the peace and to the
terror of the people, or^ having lawfully assembled, shall make any
movement or preparation to do such act, they shall, on conviction,
pay a fine not exceeding fifty dollars and not less than five dollars
each.
Sec 11. The offences mentioned in the 8th and 10th sections of
this article shall be punished in a summary way before the alcades.
All other offences provided for in this law shall be punished by in-
dictment in the circuit court.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 201
Sec. 12. The manner of inflicting the punishment of death, shall
be by hanging the person convicted, by the neck, until dead, and
shall be executed by the sheriff in not less than twenty nor more
than thirty days from the time sentence was pronounced.
Sec. 13. In all cases of imprisonment for offences under this law, it
shall be lawful for the jailor to compel the prisoner to labor at some
useful employment, under such directions and regulations as may
from time to time be given by the judge of the court before whom
the conviction was had; and it shall be lawful to secure such con-
victs by chain and block, or otherwise, so as to prevent their escape
during the period of their imprisonment.
Sec. 14. In all cases of conviction under this law, or any other,
for any criminal offence, the convict shall remain in confinement
until all the costs attending the prosecution shall be paid, and his
sentence fully complied with; and -if such convict shall not dis-
charge and satisfy the fine and costs, it shall be lawful for the sheriff
of the county in which Ihe convict may be imprisoned, if the circuit
judge of that county shall so direct, to bind such convict to labor
fof any term not exceeding five years, to any person who will pay
suqU fine and costs;, and the person to whom such convict shall be
bound may secure him, without cruelty, to prevent his escape.
Sec. 15. This act shall extend to all crimes committed beyond
the limits of any county or settlement within this Territory, and the
offender shall be apprehended and brought to the most, convenient
county or district in the Territory, and prosecuted according td"
law.
Sec. 16. All fines and penalties accruing under the 8th and 10th
section of this article shall be paid into the treasury of the county
in which the offence was committed: all other fines and penalties
-accruing under this law shall be paid into the Territorial treasuiy.
Decisions of superior court.
Sec. 1. The attorney general shall be ex officio reporter of the
decisions and opinions of the superior court.
Skc. 2. The opinion of the court shall, in all cases, te reduced
to writing, and filed in thci,- cause to which it relates; which shall
apply as well to motions which will dispose of a cause, as to final
decisions.
Sec. 3. The opinion shall always contain a sufficient statement of
the case, so that the same may be understood without reference to
the record or other proceedings of the cause.
Sec. 4. The clerk of the superior court shall, when any opinion
of the court is filed in his office, endorse thereon the day it is fijed,
and enter the same on his minutes; and shall, within thirty days
thereafter, make a true copy thereof, and shall certify the same and
transmit it to the reporter within thirty days after he is required to
copy the same; and, upon failure to perform the duties required by
this section, he shall forfeit twenty dollars to the use of the Terri-
tory, to be recovered by indictment.
Sec. 5. The report'er shall publish the decisions of the superior
court under the directions of the court.
202 Ex. Doc. No. 60,
Elections.
Sec. 1. On the first Monday in August, eighteen hundred and
forty-seven, and every two years thereafter, an election shall be
held throughout this Territory for a delegate to Congress and mem-
bers of the general assembly.
Sec. 2. The governor of the Territory shall divide each county
into as many election precincts as the public convenience may re-
quire, and shall name a house in each precinct where the election
shall be held, and appoint three discreet persons to hold the same
at each place of election.
Sec. 3. If the governor shall not designate the election precincts,
or the house, nor appoint the judges, thirty days before the day of
election, it shall be the duty of the prefects to divide their respec-
tive counties into precincts, to name a house in each where the
election shall be held, and appoint the judges of the election.
Sec. 4. If both the governor and prefects fail to designate the
election precincts, the election shall be held at the seat of justice
of each county which is not so divided into precincts; and if no
house shall be named by the governor or prefects, it shall be' the
duty of the sheriff to fix the place of holding the election. And,
if no judge be appointed, or if those appointed fail to attend, the
voters, when assembled, may appoint the judges of the election.
Sec. 5. When the governor issues a writ of election to fill any
vacancy, he phall mention in said writ how many days the sheriff
shall give notice thereof.
Sec. 6. It shall be the duty of the clerks of the prefects, respec-
tively, one month before each general election, or six days before
a special electio7i, to make out and deliver to the sheriff of their
counties two blank poll-books for each election precinct in their
county, properly laid off with columns, with the proper certificates
attached. The sheriff shall forthwith deliver to the judges of the
election, in their respective precincts, the blank books aforesaid.
Sec. 7. There shall be allowed to the clerks for making out and
furnishing the poll-books aforesaid one dollar for each copy, to be
paid out of the county treasury.
Sec. 8. The judges, before they enter on their duties, shall take
an oath or affirmation, to be administered by one of their own body,
or by any magistrate authorized to administer oaths, that they will
impartially discharge the duties of judge of the present electioHj.
according to law.
Sec. 9. The judges shall appoint two clerks, who, before entering
upon the duties of their appointment, shall take an oath or affirma-
tion, to be administered by one of the persons appointed or elected
as judge of the election, that they will faithfully record the names
of all the voters, and distinctly carry out in lines and columns the
name of the person for whom- each voter votes.
Sec. 10. The judges of each election shall open the polls at 9
o'clock in the morning, and continue them open till 6 o'clock in
the evening, when they shall be closed.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 203
Sec. 11. All elections held in pursuance of this law shall con-
tinue one day, and no longer.
Sec. 12. At the close of each election the judges shall certify,
under their hand, the number of votes given for each candidate,
which shall be attested by their clerks; and they shall transmit the
same, together with one of their poll-books, by one of the clerks,
to the clerk of the prefect of the county in which the election was
held, within five days thereafter; the other poll-book shall be re-
tained in the possession of one of the judges of the election, open
to the inspection of all persons.
Sec. 13. The clerks of each prefect in this Territory shall, within
eight days after the close of each election, take to his assistance
the prefect of his county, and examine and cast up the votes given
to each candidate, and give to the person having the highest num-
ber of votes for any particular office a certificate of election.
Sec. 14. The clerks, in comparing the returns from the several
election precincts, shall do it publicly in the court-house of their
counties, first giving notice of the same by public proclamation at
the court-house door.
Sec. 15. In all districts for the election of members to the legis-
lative council, composed of two or more counties, the clerks of all
the counties of the district shall transmit to the clerk of the county
first named in the district, within twelve days after such election,
a certificate, under their hands, of the number of votes given to
each candidate in the respective counties. The clerk of the county
to which such return shall be made shall give to the person having
the highest number of votes a certificate of election, under bis
hand.
Sec. 16. The clerks of the several counties to whom a transcript
of the votes is directed shall, within two days after the time lim-
ited for the examination of the polls, transmit to the seat of gov-
ernment, by a special messenger, a fair abstract of the votes given
in their respective counties for delegate to Congress, members of
.the legislative council, and house of representatives.
Sec. 17. If there shall be a failure to receive any of the returns
at the seat of government for one week after the same shall be due,
estimating thirty miles as a day's travel, the secretary of the Ter-
ritory shall despatch a messenger to the county not returned, with
directions to bring up said abstract.
Sec. 18. If such failure shall happen by neglect of the clerk, he
shall forfeit to the Territory one hundred dollars, together with the
expense of such messenger, to be recovered by indictment.
Sec. 19. The secretary of the Territory may delay longer than
one week, if the circumstances will justify it, taking care that tbe
return in all cases be obtained in the time that the returns from th
most distant county ought to be made: Provided, That the secre-
tary shall in no case delay to despatch such messenger for said re-
turns more than forty days after such election.
Sec. 20. Within sixty days after each general election, or sooner
if the returns shall all have been made, the secretary, in the pre-
sence of the governor, shall proceed to cast up the votes given inr
204 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
all the counties in the -Territory for delegate to Congress, and shall
give to the person having the highest number of votes a certificate
of his election, under his hand, with the seal of the Territory affixed
thereto.
Sec. 21. Should any two or more persons have an equal number
of votes, and a higher number than any other persons, the gov-
ernor shall, in such case, issue his proclamation, giving notice of
such fact, and that an election will be held at tlie place of holding
elections in this Territory for such delegate to Congress, in which
shall be mentioned the day of election; which election shall be
conducted and returned according to the provisions of this law.
Sec. 22. Within two days after the meeting of each general as-
sembly, the secretary of the Territory shall lay before each house
a list of members elected, agreeably to the returns in his office; and
the two houses shall, without delay, assemble in the hall of the
house of representatives, and the speaker of the house of represen-
tatives and of the legislative council shall, in the presence of the
two houses, examine the returns, and declare who are elected to fill
said offices.
Sec. 23. If any two or more persons have an equal number of
votes for the same office, and more votes than ajiy other persons,
the two houses shall, by joint vote, determine the election; and
the speakers of the two houses shall deposite in the office of the
secretary of the Territory a certificate declaring what persons have
heen elected.
Sec. 24. There shall be allowed to clerks for sending or convey-
ing the returns of any election in any district into any other county
in the district, as occasion may require, and also to any messenger
■who may be employed to convey the returns of any election to the
seat of government, at the rate of five cents per mile going and re-
turning, to be paid out of the Territorial treasury.
Sec 25. If any judge or clerk, after he shall have undertaken to
perform the duties pointed out by this law, fails so to do, or if any
person employed to carry the returns of any election fails so to do,
he shall be fined two hundred dollars for the use of the county, to
be recovered by indictment: Provided, That said penalty shall not
"be inflicted on any person prevented by sickness or unavoidable
accident from performing the duties assigned him by this law.
Sec. 26. When any person offers to vote, w^ith v/hose qualifica-
tions neither of the judges is personally aqcuainted, either of the
judges may administer an oath and examine him touching his quali-
fications as a voter.
Sec 27. If any person offer to vote in a precinct of which he is
not a resident, if he possesses the necessary qualifications of a
voter, he may vote on taking an oath that he has not voted and
will not vote at any other precinct during this election.
Sec 28. When any person, who shall offer himself as a voter,
shall be excluded from voting by the judges, they shall cause his
name to be entered on the poll-book as a rejected voter, and shall
also take down the names of the persons for whom such person
wishes to vote.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 205
Sec. 29. All judges, clerks, and voters shall be free from arrest,
except for felony or breach of the peace, in going to, attending on,
and returning from elections.
Sec. 30. If any candidate of the proper county or district con-
tests the election of any person proclaimed duly elected to either
house of the general assembly, such person shall give notice in
•writing to the person whose election he contests, or leave a writ-
ten notice thereof at the house where such person last resided,
within fi^rty days after the return o? the election to the clerk's
office. The notice shall specify the names of the voters whose
votes are contested, the grounds on which such votes are illegal,
and the name of the alcalde who will attend to the taking of the
depositions, and when and where he will attend to take the same.
Sec. 31. It shall be the duty of the person whose election is con-
tested to select another alcalde to attend at the taking of the depo-
sitions at the time and place specified in the next preceding sec-
tion; and when the parties meet at the time and place specified for
taking the depositions, they shall, unless it is otherwise agreed
upon, select a third alcalde to assist in taking the depositions.
Sec. 32. If the person whose seat is contested fail to select an
alcalde, as provided for in the next preceding section, the person
contesting the same shall proceed to select another alcalde without
delay, and the two alcaldes thus selected by the contestor shall, in
such event, have full power and authority to take depositions of
witnesses who may be brought before them to be examined.
Sec. 33. The person whose seat is contested, if he intends to
contest the legality of any votes given to the candidate who con-
tests the same, shall, within twenty days after he is notified that
his election will be contested, give to the adverse party a similar
notice to that specified in the 30th section of this law; and the
candidate to whom the notice is given shall proceed to select an:
alcalde in the same manner as is provided for in the 3lst section*,
and, on his failing to do so, the party giving the notice shall, with-
out delay, select another alcalde, and the two alcaldes so selected
ty the party proclaimed duly elected shall proceed to take the
depositions of such witnesses as may be brought before them to be
examined: Provided, however, That either party may, without no-
tice, take rebutting testimony before the alcaldes at the time and
place specified for taking depositions.
Sec. 34. If, from sickness or from any other cause, the alcaldes
so selected by either party shall fail to attend at the time and
place specified for taking depositions, said party shall, without
delay, select some other alcalde to supply such vacancy.
Sec. 35. The taking of such depositions shall be commenced
within forty days from the day of election; and the said alcaldes,
or either of them, shall issue subpoenas to all persons required by
either party commanding such persons to appear and give testi-
mony at the time and place therein mentioned.
Sec. 36. The alcaldes shall hear and certify all testimony rela-
tive to such election to the speaker of the house a seat to which is
contested, «
206 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Sec. 37. No testimony shall be received by the alcaldes, or either
house of the general assembly, on the part of the eontestor or con-
testee, which does not relate to the point specified in the noticejia
copy of which notice, attested by the person who' served or de-
livered the same, shall be delivered to said alcaldes, and by thera
transmitted with the depositions; and no testimony, except that
contained in the depositions taken before the alcaldes, shall be re-
ceived as evidence by either house of the geucral assembly.
Executions.
Sec. 1. The party in whose favor judgment, order, or decree ia
any court may be rendered, shall have execution therefor in con-
formity to the order, judgment, or decree. *
Sec. 2. The execution shall be against the goods, chattels, lands,
and body of the defendant against whom the judgment, order, or
decree shall be rendered: Provided, That executions from alcaldes
shall not go against lands.
Sec. ^. When any execution shall be placed in the hands of
any officer for collection, he shall call upon defendant for payment
thereof, or to show him sufficient goods, = h.ttels, effects, and
lands whereof the same may be satisfied ; and if the officer fail to
find property whereof to make the same, he shall notify all persons
■who may be 'indebted to said defendant not to pay said defendant,
but to appear before the court out of which said execution issued,
and make true answers on oath concerning his indebtedness ; and
the like proceedings shall be had as in case of garnishees sum-
moned in suits originating by attachment. If the officer shall not
find sufficient goods, chattels, effects, lands, or debts, to satisfy
the execution, he shall arrest the body of the defendant, and in
default of payment commit him to jail.
Sec. 4. Any defendant so committed to jail, at the expiration
of five days from the day of his commitment, may be discharged
upon rendering a schedule, under oath, of all his property, money,
and effects, and delivering the same to the sheriff of the county.
The sheriff shall have power to administer the oath aforesaid to
said defendant.
Sec. 5. The truth of such schedule may be tried, on the return
of the execution, before the tribunal^ which issued the same ; and
if it be found untrue, the body of the defendant may be retakea
and committed to jail to await his trial for perjury.
Sec. 6. The person whose goods are taken on execution may
retain possession thereof until the day of sale, by giving bond in
favor of the plaintiff with sufficient securities, to be approved by
the officer, in double the value of such property, conditioned for
the delivery of the property to the officer at the time and place of
sale to be named in such condition ; which bond shall be returned
with the execution.
Sec. 7. Upon a failure of the officer to return such bond, or in
case of its insufficiency, the officer shall be subjected to the same
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 207
liability as is provided in the case of similar bonds in suits com-
menced by attachment.
Sec. 8. No goods and chattels, or other personal effects, taken
by virtue of any execution, shall be sold until the officer having
charge of the writ shall have given ten days' notice of the time
and place-.of sale, and of the property to be sold, by at least three
advertisements put up at public places in the county in which the
sale is to be made.
Sec. 9. When real estates shall be taken in execution by any
officer, it shall be his duty to expose the same to sale, at the
court-house door, on some day during the term of the court of the
county in which the same is situated, having previously given
twenty days' notice of the time and place of sale, and what lands
are to be sold, and where situated, by at least six hand-bills
signed by him and put up at different public places in the county.
Sec. 10. All executions issued by the circuit or superior court,
or court of a prefect, twenty days before the next term of such
court, shall be returnable to the said next term ; and all executions
issued from said courts less than twenty days before the next term
shall be returnable to the second succeeding term.
Sec 11. All executions issued by the alcaldes shall be return-,
able in thirty days from their date.
Fees.
Sec. 1. The attorney general and circuit attorneys, respectively,
shall be allowed fees as follows, which shall be taxed as other
costs :
1. For every conviction on indictment, where the punishment
assessed by the court or jury shall be fine or imprisonment, $5. :^
2. For judgment in every proceecling of a criminal nature other-
wise than by indictment, |5.
3. For his services in all actions which it is, or shall be made
bis duty to prosecute or defend, $5.
4. For a conviction for homicide other than capital, for rape,
arson', burglary, robbery, forgery, and counterfeiting, $10.
5. For a conviction in a capital case, $20.
Sec 2. The clerk of the prefect shall be allowed the following
fees :
1. For recording letters testamentary or of administration, $1.
2. For filing the bond of an executor or administrator, 50 cents.
3. For order appointing guardian or curator, 12^ cents.
4. For filing and preserving bond of guardian or curator, 50
cents.
5. For every order of publication, 25 cents.
6. For every order relating to executors, administrators, or
guardians, not otherwise provided for, 12^ cents.
7. For copying any order, record, or paper, for every 100 words,
10 cents.
8. For entering every verdict and judgment, 12^ cents.
208 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
9. For every instrument of writing, for every 100 words, 10
cents.
10. For proof of every will or codicil taken by the prefect, 25-
cents. 1 1 r.- ^
11. For every certificate and seal, 2d cents.
12. For issuing every subpcEna, 25 cents. *
13. For administering every oath, 3 cents.
14. For keeping abstracts of demands — for each demand, 3 cents^
15. For certifying the amount, date, and classes of any demand^
without seal, 5 cents.
16. For entering every motion or rule, 5 cents.
17. For swearing and entering a jury, 25 cents.
18. For entering every trial, 5 cents.
19. For commission to take depositions, 25 cents.
20. For every execution, 50 cents.
21. For every continuance of a cause, 5 cents.
22. For entering an appeal, 12^ cents.
23. For every writ to summon a jury, 12^ cents.
24. For every order to distribute assets among heirs, &c., 12|^
cents. -, r 1 • • 1-
25. For" every settlement of executor, administrator, or guardiam,
whether annual or final, 25 cents.
26. For every order appointing road overseers, 25 cents.
27. For filing and preserving constable's bond, to be paid by-
constable, 25 cents.
28. For all services in taking, filing, and keeping collector's
bond for territorial taxes, to be paid by the territory, $1.
29. For like services for collector's bond for county taxes, to
be paid by the county, $1.
30. For making out territorial and county taxes, to be paid by
the territory and county, (each for its own,) for every 100 words,
10 cents.
31. For issuing every license, to be paid for by the applicant, 50
cents.
32. For taking, filing, and safekeeping every other bond, not
otherwise provided for, 50 cents.
33. For issuing each writ, and receiving, filing, and docketing
the return, 50 cents.
34. For taking every acknowledgment to a deed or writing, 25-
Sec. 3. Clerks of the circuit courts shall receive the following
fees for their services:
1. For drawing, sealing, and entering every writ, and filing the
same, $1. . • ^^ .
2. For taking and entering every recognizance, 2o cents,
3. For taking and entering every bond in any case, 25 cents,
4. For every issue joined,, 25 cents,
5. For entering every motion, rule, or order, 25 cents.
6. For every continuance of a cause, 25 cents.
7. For every subpoena, 50 cents.
8. For a copy of every rule, or order, 25 ceata.
Ex. Doc. No. 60, 209
9. For entering every judgment, 50 cents.
10. For swearing and entering every jury, 50 cents.
11. For search of a record of 12 months' standing, 5 cents.
12. For entering an appeal to the superior court, 25 cents.
13. For every writ of attachment, $1.
14. For administering every oath, 5 cents.
15. For copies of records and papers, for every 100 words, 10
cents.
16. For producing any record of the court under any rule, or
order, 25 cents.
17. For taking and entering of record every acknow^ledgment of
-sheriff's deed, 50 cents.
1^. For certificate and seal, 50 cents.
19. For a venire to summon a jury, 50 cents.
20. For every execution, $1.
Sec. 4. Clerks of the severaT courts of this Territory possessing
criminal jurisdiction shall be entitled to the following fees in crim-
inal cases:
1. For every indictment returned by a grand jury, 50 cents.
2. For venire to summon grand or petit jury, 50 cents.
3. For issuing and filing every writ of capias or attachment, $1.
4. For taking and entering recognizance of every prisoner, 25
•cents.
5. For every issue of fact joined, 25 cents.
6. For every continuance of a cause, 25 cents. • •
7. For every subpoena, 25 cents.
8. For commission to take depositions, 50 cents.
9. For entering judgment on plea of guilty, 50 cents.
10. For swearing and entering each grand jury, 50 cents.
11. For swearing and entering each petit jury, and delivering
copy to each party, 50 cents.
12. For judgment on any issue of law, or fact, 25 cents.
13. For entering appeal to superior court, 25 cents.
14. For taking recognizance of such appeal, 25 cents.
15. For copies of papers and records, for every 100 words, 10
^ents.
16. For administering each oath, 5 cents.
17. For each certificate and seal, 50 cents.
18. For issuing execution, $1.
Sec. 5. Clerks of the superior court shall receive the following
fees:
1. For every writ, $1.
2. For taking bond and issuing supersedeas, $1.
3. For supersedeas alone, 50 cents.
4. For filing transcript, and docketing case, 50 cents.
5. For filing assignment or joinder ot error, 25 cents.
6. For recording the opinion of the court when required so t»
do, for every 100 words, 10 cents.
7. For copies of the same with certificates, for every 100 wordS|^
10 cents.
8. For certified copies of counsels' briefs, 10 centi,
14
210 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
9. For relaxing any bill of costs, to be paid by the clerk whose
till is relaxed, $1.
4 10. For every other service to be performed by said clerks, they-
shall be allowed the same fees that are allowed to clerks of the
circuit court for similar services.
Sec. 6. Sheriffs shall be allowed the following fees for their ser-
■vices:
1. For serving every citation or summons for each defendant, $1,
2. For serving writ of capias or attachment for each defend-
ant, $1.
3. For taking and returning every bond required by law, 50
cents.
4. For levying every execution, $1.
5. Fbr making, executing, and delivering every sheriff's deed.,
to be paid by the purchaser, $2. m
6. For every return of " non est inventus," on citation or sum-
iDons, 50 cents.
7. For a return of nulla bona on execution, 50 cents.
8. For executing a special summons for a jury, $1.
9. For summoning a jury in any other case, 50 cents.
10. For summoning each witness, 50 cents.
11. For serving every order or rule of court, 50 cents.
12. For attending each court, per day, $1 50.
J3. Fpr calling each jury, action, or party, 12^ cents.
14 For calling each witness, 5 cents.
15. For serving each' writ of capias in a criminal case, for each
defendant, $1.
16. For serving a writ of attachment for each jierson in a crim-
inal case, $1.
17. For serving each writ of execution in a crirranal case, $1.
18. For every return of non est inventus, or nulla bona, on an
€xecution in a criminal case, 50 cents
19. For summoning a grand jury, $5.
20. For committing any person to jail in any case, 50 cents.
21. For furnishing prisoners with board, each day, 25 cents.
22. For executing every death warrant, !^J5.
23. For commission for receiving and paying moneys on execu-
tion where lands or goods have been levied on, advertised, and
sold, 3^ per cent, on the first two hundred dollars, and two per
cent, on all sums above that amount, and one-half of such com-
mission when the mo-iey has been paid without a levy, or where
the land and goods levied on. have not been sold.
24. The party at whose application any writ, execution, sub-
poena, or other process is issued from the superior court, shall
cause the same to be returned without fee, unless the court shall,
for special reasons, order the personal attendance of the sheriff, in
"which case he shall be allowed for each mile going and returning
from the court house of the county in which he resides to the
jiace of sitting of the superior court, five cents.
25. Every court shall allow the sheriff, or other officer, reason-
«ible compensation for conducting prisoners from one county to
Ex. Doc. No. 60. ^ 211
anolher, or for keeping the same in custody befor^ they are com-
mitted to jail, which cost shall be taxed as other costs in criminal
proceedings.
Sec. 7. Witnesses shall be allowed fees for their services in all
cases, as follows: For attending any court, referee, clerk, or com-
missioner within the county where the witness resides, for each
day, fifty cents; for attendance as aforesaid, out of the county, for
each day, one dollar; for each mile of travel in going to and return-
itfg from the place of trial, five cents.
Sec. 8, Alcaldes shall be allowed fees for their services as fol-
lows:
1. For every summons, 25 cents.
2. For every subpoena, 25 cents.
3. For every attachment, 50 cents.
4. For every judgraent^a cents.
5. For every execution^25 cents.
6. For administering each oath, 5 cents.
7. For every order for a jury, 25 cents.
8. For taking acknowledgment to deed, or power of attorney,
25 cents.
9. For making certified copies on appeals, for each 100 words,
10 cents.
10. For every writ of habeas corpus, $1 50.
11. For certifying depositions, 25 cents.
12. For writing depositions, for every 100 words, 10 cents.
13. For issuing a warrant in criminal cases, 25 cents.
14. For swearing a jury, 25 cents.
15. For taking each recognizance, 25 cents.
Sec* 9. Constables shall be allowed the following fees for their
services:
1. For serving a warrant in a criminal case, for each defend-
ant, 50 cents.
2. For serving summons or notice in a civil case, 25 cents.
3. For summoning each jury, 75 cents.
4. For taking a criminal to jail, 75 cents.
5. For serving every execution, 25 cents.
6. For takiing a debtor to jail, 75 cents.
7- For taking every bond required by law to be taken by him,
25 cents.
8. For summoning each witness, 25 cents.
9. For^serving writ of attachment, 50 cents.
10. For collecting and paying over to plaintiu all sums collected,
3 per cent.
Sec. 10. Every prefect shall be allowed for his services two hun-
dred dollars a year, to be paid out of the treasury of the United
States, and two dollars a day for every day he may be necessarily
employed in the discharge of his duties, to bo paid out of the
county treasury.
212 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
' Guardians.
' Sec. 1. In all cases not otherwise provided for by law, the fa-
ther, Avhile living, and after his death, and when there shall be no
lawful father, then the mother, if living, shall be the natural guard-
ian of their children, and have the custody and care of their per-
sons, education, and estates; and, when such estate is not derived
from the parent acting as guardian, such parent shall give security,
and account as other guardians.
2. If a minor have no parents living, or the parents be adjudged,
according to law, incompetent or unfit for the duties of guardian,
the prefects in their respective counties shall appoint guardians to-
such minors.
3. Every appointment of guardian shall specify whether it be
of the person, or of the personal estatj^.
4. All guardians of the estate of any minor, and all guardians
and curators appointed by law, shall, before entering on the duties
as such, give bond, with security, to be approved by the prefect
by whom they were appointed, to the Territory of New Mexico,
for the use ot the minors respectively, in double the value of the
estate or interest to be committed to their care, conditioned for the
faithful discharge of their duties according to law.
5. Guardians and curators shall put the money of minors en-
trusted to their care to interest upon mortgage, to be approved by
the prefect; or they may, with the leave of the prefect and the
assent of their securities, retain the money in their hands, paying
interest therefor; but, if no person be found to take the money on
interest, and the guardian or curator should not choose to retain
the same, paying interest, then they shall be liable for the prin-
cipal alone until the same can be put to interest.
6. Guardians and curators'may put the money, of minors entrusted
to their care, in all sums under five hundred dollars, to interest,
upon any safficient security, to be approved by the prefect.
7. Guardians and curators shall make annual settlements with
the court of the prefect in which their proceeding shall be, begin-
ning at the first term after the beginning of a year from their ap-
pointments or admissions respectively, and at each corresponding
annual term, as near as may be, until their final settlement; and in
such settlements, guardians having the care and education of mi-
nors shall make a statement, on oath, of the application of all
money- directed by the court to be applied by ihera to the edu-
cation of their wards. Guardians and curators neglecting or refu-
sing to make such settlements or statements on oath, herein re-
quired, shall be liable to be attached and imprisoned until they
make such settlement and statement, the court first making a rule
on them, respectively, to show cause why they should not be so
proceeded against.
Habeas corpus.
Sec. 1. Every person detained in custody charged with a
criminal offence, or otherwise, may have a writ of habeas corpus,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 213
"by application by petition, verified, by affidavit, of the person in
custody,. or some other competent person, to any judge, prefect, or
two alcaldes.
2. The petition shall state, in substance, by whom the party for
whom relief is prayed is imprisoned, or restrained of his liberty,,
and the place where, and the true cause thereof, to the best of the
knowledge and belief of the party.
3. The jailor, or person having custody of the petitioner, shall
forthwith be commanded by the officer to whom application is
made, by a writ under his hand, to have the petitioner, together
with the cause of his detention, before the judge, prefect, or al-
caldes issuing the writ.
4. The proper officer shall proceed to hear all the evidence for
the prosecution and against it, and to determine the cause in a sum-
mary manner.
5. Parties to whom bail has been denied, or who were unable to
give bail, may have this writ for the purpose of being released from
bail, as required by law.
6. If the fffficer trying the same shall deem the party innocent,
he shall release him; but if he thinks him guilty, he shall remand
him, or bail him, according to the circumstance of the case.
Jails and jailors.
Sec. 1. There shall be kept and maintained in good and sufficient
condition and repair a common jail in each county within this Ter-
ritory, fo be located at the permanent seat of justice for such coun-
ty, and at the expense of said county.
2. The sheriff of each county in this Territory shall have the cus-
tody, rule, keeping, and charge of the jail within his county, and
of all prisoners in such jail.
3. It shall be the duty of the sheriff to receive from crnstables
and other officers all persons v/ho shall be apprehended by such
constables or other officers for ofifences against this Territory, or
who shall be committed to such jail by any competent authority.
4. When any person is confined in jail on civil process, and mo-
ney OF property of the person imprisoned cannot be found sufficient
for his maintenance, the plaintiff, at whose suit the person may be
imprisoned, shall pay for his maintenance, at the rate of twenty-
five cents per day, to be paid to the sheriff or jailor, to furnish such
prisoner with provisions to the full amount thereof. In case the
said plaintiff shall refuse to pay the money as aforesaid, and shall
be in arrear two weeks, the sheriff may discharge the prisoner,
and recover the same from said plaintiff in the same manner as other
debts.
5. Whenever any sheriff of any county of this Territory shall have
any parson in his custody, either on civil or criminal 'process, or
there shall happen to be no jail, or the jail of the county shall be
insufficient, it shall be lawful for such sheriff to commit such per-
son to the nearest jail of some other county, and it is hereby made
the duty of the sheriff of said county to receive such person so
214 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
committed as aforesaid, and him or them safely keep, subject to the
order or orders of the circuit judge for the county whence said pri-
soner was brought.
Jurors.
Sec. 1. The clerk of each circuit court shall issue an order, at
least thirty days before each term of said couit, to the sheriff, com-
manding him to summon eighteen good men to serve as grand jurors
at the next term of said court, who shall be citizens of the county,
over twenty-one years of age, and householders and freeholders,
and subject to no legal disability.
2. Each grand juror shall be summoned at least six days before
the first day of the term of the court.
3. There shall not be less than fifteen grand jurors sworn;' and
if that number fail to attend, the court shall order the sheriff to
summon of the bystanders enough others to make up that number.
4. The clerk shall issue subpoenas for, and the sheriff shall sum-
mon all witnesses v-ho are required by, the grand jury.
5. The court shall select and have sworn some competent mem-
ber of the grand jury as foreman, who shall swear all witnesses
coming before them.
6. The circuit attorney shall attend on the grand jury, and con-
duct all investigations, and prepare all indictments directed by the
foreman.
7. If any witness shall fail or refuse to appear before th^ grand
jury, or give evidence before them, the ccrurt shall imprison or
otherwise punish him for contempt.
8. No grand juror shall disclose any evidence given before the
grand jury, nor the name of any witness who appeared before them,
nor that any indictment has been found, nor how any member of
the grand jury voted on any question, nor what was said by any
juror, except when lawfully required to tes^tify in relation thereto.
9. In every case whenever a petit jury may be required, the
sheriff shall summon twelve free male citizens of the Territory, resi-
dents of the county, over the age of twenty-one years, and under
no legal disability. No person of kin to either party, or who has
formed or expressed an opinion in any case, and no witness, can
be sworn as •<« petit juror.
10. Every juror summoned to attend, and failing, without a good
excuse, shall be fined by the court, in its discretion, not exceeding
five dollars.
11. In all civil cases each party may object to three jurors per-
emptorily.
Laws.
Sec. 1. All laws heretofore in force in this Territory which are
n '\ /.e/ugn^nt to, or inconsistent vviih, the constitution of the United
StiUt'S and the laws thereof, or the statute laws in force for the
time being, shall be the rule of action and decision in this Territory-
• Ex. Doc. No. 60. 215
2. All acts of the general assembly of this Territory shall take
effect at the end* of ninety days after the passage thereof, except
%vhere it is otherwise specially provided.
3. When any person, party, or subject matter is described or re-
ferred to by fiords importing the singular number or the masculine
gender, several matters and persons, and females as well as males,
and bodies corporate as well as individuals, shall be taken to be in-
cluded.
Practice at law in civil suits.
Sec. 1. All actions brought in the circuit court shall be com-
menced by petition, which shall contain a plain statement of the
names of the parties, the cause of action," and the relief sought; it
shall be sworn to before the clerk of the circuit court by the plain-
tiff or his agent, and filed in the office of the clerk.
2. Upon any such petition being filed as aforesaid, thcclerk, ex-
cept wherfe it is otherwise specially provided, shall issue a citation
for the opposite party.
3. The citation, when issued, shall be endorsed u'.-ioa or annexed
to the petition or a copy thereof, and the petition or a copy there-
of shall be delivered, together with the writ, to the officer having^
execution thereof.
4. Suits instituted by citation shall be brought in the (X)unty in
which the defendant resides, or in the county in which the plaintiff
resides and the defendant may be found, in cases where the defen-
dant is a resident of this Territory; but if the defendant be a non-
resident of this Tarrilory, such suit may be commenced in any
county.
5. A citation shall be executed either by reading the petition and
writ to the defendant, or served by delivering to him a copy of the
petition and writ; or, third, by leaving a copy of the petition and
writ at his usual place of abode, with some member of the family
over the age of filteeu years.
6. In all cases where the defendant shall refuse to hear such
writ and petition read, or to receive a copy thereof, the offer of the
ofEcer to read the same, or to deliver a copy thereof, aipd such re-
fusal, shall be a sufficient service of such writ.
7. Any creditor whose demand amounts to fifty dollars or more
may r-tte out a writ of capias in the circuit court, by filing an affi-
davit si:ating that the defendant is justly indebted to him, after
allowing all set-oifs in a sum specified in the affidavit, and on what
account the affiant has reason to believe, and does believe, that the
defendant is about to abscond from the Territory, so as to endanger
the collection of his debt, and by also filing a boifd as is required
in attachments.
8. Creditors whose demands amount to less than fifty dollars may
sue their debtors before alcaldes, by writs of capias, subject to the
same rules as are prescribed in the preceding sections concerning
such writs.
9. A writ of capias shal' oe served by taking the body of thfe
^16 Ex. Doc. No. 60. •
43efeiulantj and retaining the same in custody until discharged by-
due course of law; but ihe defendant shall be discharged atanytime
bv giving bond and security to the sheriff' or constable that he will
render himself in custody to abide the judgment, oyler, or decree
of the court.
10. The defendant may, at the return term of the writ, deny the
truth of the affidavit by answer without oath, and the same pro-
ceedings shall be had thereon as in cases of attachment.
11. If the petition and writ shall be served ten days before the
first day of the next term of said court, the defendant shall, on or
before the second day of said term, file his legal exceptions to said
petition, if any he have, whicli exceptions shall be determined by
the judge in a summary manner,
12. if the exceptions be overruled, the defendant shall forthwith
file his answer under oath, fully admitting or denying, or confess-
ing and avoiding every material part of said petition.
1^. If no such exceptions be filed, the deiendant shall file such
answer on or before the second day of said term.
14. All subsequent pleadings shall be filed under oath, and in.
such times as the court shall prescribe.
15. All causes shall be tried at the next term after return of the
writ, unless continued for good cause. Every cause may be contin-
ued by a court upon application by either party, verified by affida-
vit, showing good cause for such continuance.
16. All appeals from inferior tribunals to the prefects or circuit
courts shall be tried anew in said courts on their merits, as if no
trial had been had below.
17. The courts may from time to time appoint interpreters and
translators to interpret the testimony of witnesses, and to translate
any writing necessary to be translated in such courts or cause
therein, who shall receive therefor the compensation and mileage
•allowed to witnesses, and tw-enty-five cents for every 100 words
translated.
Practice at law in criminal cases. '^
Sec. 1. Whenever complaint shall be made lo any judge, prefect,
or alcalde, that a criminal off"ence has been committed, it shall be
his duty to examine the complaint, and any witness who may be
introduced by him, under oath; if it appear, on such exarainationj,
that any crime has been commit-ted, the magistrate shall issue a
warrant commanding the sheriff or other officer forthwith to take
the accused and bring hira before such magistrate, to be dealt with
according to law. Warrants issued by a judge may be executed
in any part of ^the territory, and warrants issued by any other
inagisliate may be executed in any part of the county where such
officer resides.
2. Whenever any person, who shall have committed a criminal
offence in any county, shall escape into another, any magistrate
within the county in which such offender may be found may issue
Lis warrant for his apprehension, or may endorse a warrant which
ias been issued by a magistrate in the county from which the cri-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 217
some magistrate of the county in which the offender was committed
for trial
3. If the offence be an assault, battery, or affray, or gaming, or
-disturbance of a religious congregation, the prisoner shall be taken
before some alcalde and punished in a summary manner. The trial
of all such offences shall be by a jury of twelve competent men,
who, if they find the defendant guilty, shall assess the fine to be
paid by him, which shall not be less than one dollar nor more than
iiftyMollars.
4. In all other cases of crimes, the prisoner maybe taken before
any magistrate authorized to issue a warrant, who "shall proceed as
soon as may be to examine the complainant and the witnesses for
the prosecution, on oath, in the presence of the prisoner, with re-
gard to the offence. After the examination of the witnesses for
the prosecution, the witnesses for the defence shall be sworn and
examined.
5. While any witness for or against the prisoner is under exami-
nation, the magistrate may exclude all witnesses who have not been
examined, and may cause the witnesses to be kept apart and pre-
vented from conversing with one another until they have all been
examined.
6. If, upon the examination of the whole matter, it appear to the
magistrate that no offence has been committed by any person, or
that there is no probable cause to charge the prisoner therewith, he
shall discharge him; but if it appear that an offence has been com-
mitted, ^nd that there is probable cause to believe the person guilty
thereof,, the magistrate shall bind, by recognizance, the prosecutor
and all material witnesses against the prisoner to appear and testify
before the court having cognizance of the offence, on the first day
of the next term thereof, and not depart such court without, leave.
7. If the offence be bailable, and the persons offer suffii-.ient se-
curities, a recognizance shall be taken, with such securities, for his
appearance before the court having cognizance thereof, on the first
day of the next term thereof, and not depart such court without
leave.
8. If the offence be not bailable, or sufficient bail be not offered,
the prisoner shall be committed to jail, there to remain until he be
discharged by due course of law.
9. All examinations and recognizances taken in pursuance of the
provisions of this law shall be certified by the magistrate taking the
same, and delivered to the clerk of the court in which the offence
is cognizable, on or before the first day of the next term thereof,
^except v/here the prisoner is committed to jail. The examination
of the witnesses for or against him, duly certified, shall accompany
the warrant of commitment, and be delivered therewith to the jailor.
10. All criminal offences, except those cognizable before aloaldes
and prefects, shall be preferred by indictment of grand jury.
11. No indictment can be found without the concurrence of at
least twelve grand jurors. When so found, and not otherwise, the
foreman of the grand jury shall certify under his hand that such in-
dictment is a true bill.
218 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
12. Indictments found and presentments mide by a grand jury
shall be presented by their foreman in their presence, and shall be
there filed, and remain as records of such courts.
13. All trials of criminal offences shall be had in the county in.
which they were committed : Provided, Where an offence shall be
committed on the boundary of two counties, or within five hundred
yards of such boundary, or where the person com.mitting the ofJ'ence
shall be. on one side and the injury be done on the other si<le of
such boundary, a trial may be had in either cf such counties :* Pro-
vided, further, That if any mortal wouiid should be givet>, or any
poison shall be* administered, or any means shall be employt'd in
one county by which any human being shall be killed, wlio shall
die thereof in another county, the trial of such offence may be had
in either county : Provided, also, That if any such wound or mor-
tal injury shall have been inflicted in another State on any huuian
being, who shall die thereof in this Territory, a trial of such offence
may be had in the county in which the death happentd.
14. A warrant may be issued for the arrest of the defendant in-
dicted by the court in which such indictment may have been found,
or by the clerk or judge thereof, or by any judge of the superior
court, add by no other officer; such warrant may be directed to and
executed in any county in this Territory.
15. When the indictment is for a bailable offence, the defendant
may be let to bail by the court in which such indictment is pend-
ing, or, if such court be not sitting, by the juuge thereof, or by the
prefect, or any two alcaldes of the county in which the indictment
is pending, and by no other officer.
16. Whenever any person shall be let'to bail, the officer taking
the recognizance shall immediately tile the same with the clerk of
the co^rt in which such offence is cognizable.
17. All indictments shall be tried at the first term at which de-
fendant appisars, unless continued for good cause.
18. The defendant in every indictment for a criminal offence
shall be entitled to a peremptory challenge of jurors, as follows :
First. If the offence charged be punishable with deaih, to the num-
ber of twelve. Second. If punished by fine and imprisonment, or
stripes, to the number of eight. Third. In cases not punishable by
death or stripes, to the number of five, and no more.
19. The prosecutor shall have a peremptory challenge of three
jurors, and no more.
20. A list of the jurors summoned shall be given to the defend-
ant, in all capital cases, forty-eight hours before the trial, and in
all other cases before the jury be sworn, if required.
21. If any person indicted for an offence and committed to prison
shall not be brought to trial before the end of the second term of
the Oil urt which shall be held after the finding ol such imiict tnent,
he shall be entitled to his discharge, unless the delay happt-ned oa
his application.
22. All issues of fact in any criminal case shall be tried by a
jury, who shall assess the punishment in their verdict, and the
court shall render a judgment accordingly, and no trial of any
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 219
criminal offence shall be had unless the accused be personally-
present.
23. In all cases of final judgment rendered upon any indiclmeril,
an appeal to the sunerior court shall be ailowerl, if applied for
duriufi; the .term at which such judgment is rendered.
24. IS'o such appeal shallstay the execution of such judgment,
unless the circuit court shall be of opinion that there is probable
icause for such appeal, or so much doubt as to render it expedient
to take the judgment of the superior court thereon, and shall make
an order expressly directing that such appeal shall operate as a
stay of proceedings.
25. If the defendant in the judgment so ordered to be stayed
shall be in custody, it shall be the duty of the sheriff to keep tiie
defendant in custody, without executing the sentence which may
have bten passed, to abide such judgment as may be rendered upon
the appeal.
26. In all cases where an appeal is prosecuted from a judgment
in a criminal cause, except where the defendant is under sentence
of death or imprisoned for life, the court which is authorized to
order a stay of proceeflings under the preceding provisions, may
admit the defendant to bail upon a recognisance, with sufficient se-
curities, to be approved by such court, conditioned t'lat the de-
fendant shall appear in the superior court, at the next term thereof,
to receive judgment in the appeal, and abide its decision, render
himself in execution, and obey every order and judgment which
may be made in. the premises.
27. The Territory shall be allowed an appeal in criminal cases
only in the casts and under the circumstances mentioned in the
ntxt succeeding section.
28. When any indictment is quashed, or adjudged insufficient on
demurrer, or judgment is arrested, the circuit court may cause the
defendant to be conimitted or recognized to answer another indict-
ment, or an appeal to the superior court shall be granted, if the
prosecuting attorney desire it.
29 If an appeal be granted, the circuit court shall oider the de-
fendant to be committed or recognized, and the commitment or re-
cognizance shall be to thesame effect as when the defendant is him-
self the appellant.
30. Wiien an appeal shall be taken w^hich operates as a stay of
proceedings, it shall be the duty of the clerk of the, circuit court
to muke out a full transcript of the record in the cause, certify and
return the same to the office of the clerk of the superior couit,
without delay.
31. When the appeal does not operate as a stay of proceedings,
such transL!i[)t shall be made out, certified and returned, on the ap-
plication of the appellant.
32. No assignment or error, or joinder in error upon any appeal
in any criminal case, shall be required.
33. When the appeal is taken by the party indicted, if the supe-
rior court affirm the judgment of the circuit court, it shall direct the
sentence pronounced to be executed, and the same shall be executed
220 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
accordingly. If the judgment be reversed the superior court shall
direct a new trial, or that the defendant be absolutely discharged,
accordincj to the circumstances of the case.
34. When the appeal has been taken by the Territory, if the
judgment of the circuit court be affirmed, the party she^ll be dis-
charged; if reversed, the superior court shall direct the circuit
court to enter up judgment upon the verdict rendered, or when no
judgment has been rendered, to proceed to trial on the indictment.
35. The circuit court, to which any criminal cause shall be re-
manded for a new trial, shall proceed thereon in the same manner
as if such cause had not been removed to the superior court.
Register of lands.
Sec. 1. An office called the office of the register of lands is es-
tablished, which shall be kept at the city of Santa Fe.
2. Until otherwise tlirected by law, the duties of said office shal!
be discharged by the secretary of the Territory.
3. The- register shall procure, for the use of his office, large well-
bound books, wherein shall be recorded, in a fair legible hand, all
instruments of writing herein required to be recorded.
4. It shall be the duty of the register of lands to record all pa-
pers and documents of and concerning lands and tenements situated
in this Territory, which were issued by the Spanish or Mexican
government, remaining in the archives of the secretary of the Ter-
ritory, or which were in any of the offices of the department oT
New Mexico under the Mexican government.
5. Every person claiming land in this Territory by virtue of any
Spanish or Mexican grant may deliver to the register of lands a
notice, in writing, stating the nature and extent of his claim; and
shall, also, at the same time, deliver to the register of lands, for
the purpose of being recorded, \h.& grant, order of survey, deed,^
conveyance, or other written evidence of his claims, and the same
shall be recorded by the register, for which the' party shall p y him
twelve and a half cents per hundred words contained in such writ-
ten evidence of the claims.
6. When there is no written evidence of claim, the claimant may
take evidence in writing before some officer having authority to ad-
minister oaths, showing the nciture and extent of his claim, how
much of the land claimed has been actually cultivated and inhabited
by himself, ?nd those under whom he claims, and for what length
of time; and also as to any grant, deed, or conveyance relating to
said land having existed, or any record thereof ever having been
made, and as to the loss or destruction of the same, and how and
when such loss or destruction happened. If any person shall neg-
lect to deliver such evidence and notice of his claim, as presented
in this and the preceding section, within five years from the first
day of next .January, such claim shall be void.
7. The register of lands shall communicate to the governor, or
either house of the general a sembly, such information relative to
his office as may be called for by them respectively; he shall also
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 221
transmit to the Commissioner of the General Land Office, at the
city of Washington, mce a year, beginning on the first day of Jan-
tiary, 1848, a fair abstract of all lands claimed as aforesaid; for
which services he shall, be paid ten cents per hundred words con-
tained in the said abstract, by the United States.
8. The register of lands shall procure, keep, and use a seal of
office, and shall furnish every person desiring it a certified copy of
any record or paper in his office, authenticated by such seal; and
shall receive tor said copy, ten cents for every hundred words con-
tained in it, and one dollar for the certificate and seal, to be paid
by the applicant.
9. Tne register of lands shall faithfully keep all the records,
books, papers, and effects committed to his care; and shall •not
permit any or paper to be taken out of his office, unless
the same be called for by the governor, or the general assembly,
or the constituted authorities of the United States.
10. Nothing contained in the 5th or 6th article of this law shall
be taken to include infants, married women, persons of unsound
mind, nor those without the government of the United States,
while such di^bilities continue.
11. For every wilful neglect of duty or wilful violation of law
in his office, the register of lands may be indicted; and, upon con-
viction, shall be removed from office, and fined not exceeding one
thousand dollars.
Records a7id seals.
Sec. 1. The superior and circuit courts, and the court of the
prefect, shall procure and keep a seal, with such emblem and de-
vices as the court shall deem proper.
2. The impression of the seal of any court by stamp shall be a
sufficient sealing in all cases where sealing shall be required.
3. When no seal is provided, the clerk may use his private seal
for the authentication of any record, process, or proceeding re-
quired by law to be authenticated by the seal of his office.
4. All of said courts shall keep just and faithful records of their
proceedings in Spanish and English.
5. Every alcalde shall keep a docket, in which he shall enter —
First. The titles of all causes commenced before him.
Second. The time when the first process was issued against the
defendant, and ihe particular nature thereof.
Third. The time when the parties appeared before him.
Fourth. Every adjournment, stating at whose request, and at
what time.
Fifth. The time when the trial was had.
Sixth. The verdict of the jury.
Seventh. The judgment rendered by the alcalde, and the time of
rendering the same.
Eighth. The time of issuing an execution, and the name of the
officer to whom delivered.
fftnih. The fact of an appeal being allowed.
222 ♦ Ex. Doc. No. 60.
• Revenue,.
Sec. 1. No person shall, directly or indirectly, sell any spirituous
liquors or wints without a license, as a grocery or dram-shop.
2. No person shall deal as a merchant, without a license first ob-
tained according to law.
3. No person shall deal as a pedlar without a license.
4. No person shall keep, or permit to be used and kept, any bii*
liard table, without a license.
5. No person shall carry on the business of distilling liquor from
■wheat, corn, or any other grain; nor shall, under any pretence, keep
such distillery, or j-uffer or permitany spirituous liquors to be made or
distilled from wheat, corn, or any other grain, on his or Ler account,
or suffer or permit any such liquors to be made or distilled from
"wheat, corn, or any other grain, or any still belonging to him or
lier, or under his or her control, without a license.
6. A dram-shop keeper is a person permitted by law to sell wine
or spirituous liquors in a less quantity than one quart, or to be
drunk at the place of sale.
7. A grocer is a person permittee!', as aforesaid'', to sell goods,
■wares, and merchandise — all kinds of dry goods excepted; and in-
toxicating liquors and wines, in a quantity not less than one quart,
not to be drunk at the' place of sale.
8. A merchant is a person permitted, as aforesaid, to deal in sell-
ing goods, wares and merchandise, at any store, stand, or place
occupied for that purpose.
9. A pedlar is a person permitted, as aforesaid, to deal in the
selling of good.s, wares, and merchandise, other than the growth,
produce, or manufacture of this Territory, by going from place to
place to sell the same.
10. Upon every license to keep a billiard table there shall be
levied a tax, for Territorial purposes, of thirty dollars for each
table, for every period of six months.
11. Upon every license to a grocer or dram-shop keeper there
shall be levied a tax of not less than ten, nor more than fifty dol-
lars, for every period of six months,
12. Upon every license to a merchant, there shall be levied as
follows: where the amount of merchandise received for sale for the
last six months preceding the granting of the license does not <?:-
ceed the sum of one thousand dollars, a tax of fifteen dollars for
every period of six months.
13. Where the amount of merchandise received, as aforesaid, ex-
cet-ds in value one thousand dollars, but is less than three thousand
dollars, the sum of twenty dollars for every period of six months.
14. Where the amount of merchandise received for sale, as afore-i
said, is as much in value as three' thousand dollars, but less than
six thousand dollars, the sum of thirty dollars for every period of
six months.
15. Where the amount of merchandise received for sale, as afore-
said, shall exceed in value six thousand dollars^ a tax of forty dol-
lars for every period of six months.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 223
16. Before any pferson shall receive a license as a grocer, or as a
ineVchant, he shall deliver to the collector of the proper county an
aggregate statement in writing of the amount of all goods, wares,
and pjerchandise (except such as are'the growth or manufacture of
the Territory) received at his grocery, store, shop, stand, or ware-
house, for sale for the last six months preceding the application for
such license: such statement shall be signed and sworn to by the
person making application for such license, or some credible per-
son for him.
17. There shall be levied on all pedlars' licenses a Territorial
tax of the following rates:
First. If the pedlar travel, and carry his goods on foot, five dol-
lars for every period of six months.
Second. If on one or more horses or beasts of burden, five dol-
lars for every horse or beast of burden for every period of six
months.
T/iird. If in a cart or land carriage, eight dollars for every period
of six months.
18. The several prefects are empowered to lay such sum as may
he necessary annually to defray the expenses of their respective
counties by a tax upoii all property and licenses made taxable by
law for Territorial purposes; but the county tax shall in no case
€xceed the Territorial tax on the same subjects of taxation more
than one hundred per cent, for the same time.
19. There shall be levied on all distillers' licenses twenty-five
dollars for each still he may use, for every period of six months.
20. There shall be levied on all goods, wares and merchandise,
as contained in the statements required to be made by the 16th sec-
tion of this law, an ad valorem tax of one-fourth of one per cent.
21. The clerk of the prefect shall issue as many blank licenses
for billiard tables, dram shops, groceries, merchants, pedlars, and;
distillers, as the prefect may direct. Such clerk shall delivi r try
the collector of his county all licenses so issued, and shall cha;ue
him therewith in a book to be kept for that purpose.
22. Erich collector at each regular term of the court of the pi:t-
feet of his county shall return —
First. All blank licenses not granted by him.
Second. A list of licenses granted by him, and not before ac-
counted lor, showing the names of persons to whom granted, the
amount of taxes collected on each, and the commencement and.
termination of each license so granted by him.
Third. The aggregate statements of the amount of merchandise
sworn to and delivered to him by the person or persons to whom
license was granted.
23. The prefect, at each regular term of his court, shall settle
and adjust the account of collectors for licenses delivered to hira
under the provisions of this law, giving him credit for all b|ank
licenses returned, and charging him for all licenses not returned
according to the aggregate statements required to ht returned by
the t'hird subdivision of the next preceding section.
%i. If the .collector shall fail to return a number of such aggre-
224 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
gate statements corresponding in number with the licenses not re-
turned above the number of such aggregate statements returned^
the prefect shall, for each license not returned, charge hjim in such
settlement the sum of two hundred dollars.
25. The prefect, on ascertaining the amount received by the col-
lector for licenses and taxes, for which he shall become chargea-
ble under this law, shall cause his clerk at each term to certify to
the auditor of public accounts the amount so charged against the
colleetor of his county.
26. No license granted in virtue of this law shall authorize any
person to carry on the business authorized by such license in aay
other county than the one in which the license was granted, nor
at more than one place in the proper county at the same time, nor
for a longer period than six months.
27. At the time of granting a license the sheriff shall collect, in
addition to the sums aforesaid, the sum of fifty cents, as clerk's
fee.
28. Every collector shall receive, as a full compensation for his
services for collecting the revenue, two per centum on all sums so
collected.
29. Every collector of the revenue having made settlement, ac-
cording to law, of county revenue by him collected or received,
shall forthwith pay the amount found due from him into the county
treasury, and the clerk of the prefect shall give him a receipt there-
for under the seal of the court.
30. Every collector shall annually, on or before the first Monday
in December, pay into the Territorial treasury the vvhole amount of
revenue with which he may stand charged, deducting his commis-
sion, and the treasurer shall give duplicate receipts for the amount
paid, one of which shall be deposited with the auditor in five days
after its date.
31. Every collector who shall fail to make payment of the
amount due from him in the time and manner prescribed in the
two preceding sections, shall forfeit two and a half per centum
per month on the amount wrongfully withheld, to be computt'd
from the time the amount ought to have been paid until actual
payment.
32. When any person shall be found keeping a billiard table,
dram shop, grocery, or distillery, or vending goods as a merchant
or pedlar, contrary to the provisions of this law, tvery sheriff, col-
lector, coroner, and constable shall, and every otlrei person may,,
give information thereof to the prefect of the county without delay.
The prefect shall issue his warrant, directed to the sheriff or any
constable of the county, and cause the offender to be arrested and
brought before him, and he shall determine the case in a summary
manner, and assess the punishment, which shall not be more than
five hundred dollars nor less than fifty dollars.
33. Appeals may be taken from all such judgments of the pre-
fects to the circuit court, but no such appeal shall be allowed un-
less it be taken on day of trial.
Ex. Doc No 60 225
Sheriffs.
Sec. 1. The governor shall appoint some suitable person as sher-
iff'in every county in this Territory, who shall hold his office for
two years, and until his successor be appointed and qualified.
2. Every sheriff shall, within fifteen days after he receives such
appointment, give bond to the Territory in a sum not less than one
thousand nor more than fifty thousand dollars, conditioned for the
faithful discharge of his duties, with sureties to be approved by
the circuit judge, which bond shall be filed in the office of the clerk
of the circuit court of the county of which he is sheriff.
3. All process issued by the clerk of the circuit court and by the
clerks of the prefects shall be directed to the sheriffs of their re-
spective counties, who shall execute such process according to law,
and shall attend upon such courts during their sittings.
4. The sheriff shall be conservator of the peace within his coun-
ty; shall suppress assaults and batteries, and apprehend and com-
mit to jail all felons and traitors, and cause all offenders to keep
the peace, and to appear at the next term of the court and answer
such charges as may be preferred against them.
5. If any sheriff shall detain any money collected by him by vir-
tue of his office after the same shall have been demanded, he
shall be removed from his office by the circuit court, on motion
founded on charges exhibited. A notice of the motion and copy
of the charges shall be served on him at least ten days before the
day on which the motion is made.
6. A jury may be summoned to try the truth of the charges, if
they are desired, or the whole may be submitted to the determina-
tion of the court, at the option of the accused.
The sheriff of each county shall be ex officio collector of his
county, and shall, before entering on his duties as such collector,
enter into a bond to the Territory, to be approved by the prefect,
in a sum at least double the amount of the revenue to be collected
by him; conditioned that he will faithfully collect and pay over
all the revenue for the two ensuing years, and that he will faith-
fully perform all the duties of collector according to la\^ ; and shall
render an account to the prefect at his November court, in cash,
and pay over to the county treasurer whatever may be due the
county, and to the Territorial treasurer whatever may be due the
Territory. One month after such settlement and failure to do so,
he may be removed from office in like manner as the sheriff.
Treasury Department.
Sec. 1. The Territorial treasurer and auditor shall keep their
offices at the seat of government; they shall be commissioned by
the governor, anr! shall, before entering on the discharge of their
duties, respectfully execute and deliver to the governor a bond to
the Territory in the sum of at least three thousand dollars to be
approved by the governor, conditioned for the faithful discharge of
all duties required or which may be required of them by law.
15
226 Ex. Doc. No 60
2. The governor shall endorse on the bond his approval thereof,
stating the time of the approval, and deliver the same to the secre-
tary, who shall record the same in his office.
3. The .auditor of public accounts shall audit- adjust, and settle
all claims against the Territory payable out of the treasury; he
shall draw all warrants on the treasury for money; he shall express
in the body of every warrant the particular fund appropriated by
law out of which the same is to be paid; audit, adjust, and settle
the accounts of all collectors of revenue, and other holders of pub-
lic money, who are required by law to pay the s&me into the pub-
lic treasury; keep an account between the Territory and the Ter-
ritorial treasury; report to the general assembly, at the commence-
ment ol each regular session, a full and detailed statement of the
condition of the revenues, a full and detailed estimate of the reve-
nues and expenditures for the two succeeding years, and a tabular
statement, showing separately the whole amount of each appro-
priation of money made by law, the amount paid under the same,
l^ijd the balance unexpended.
4 All collectors of revenue, and others bound by law to pay
money directly in the treasury, shall exhibit their accounts and
vouchers to the auditor on or before the first Monday in December
of each year, to be audited, adjusted, and settled; and every such
officer shall be allowed five cents for every mile they may necessa-
rily travel in going to the seat of government and returning to
their residences, for the purpose of settling with the auditor and
payins; the revenue into the Territorial treasury.
5 The auditor, whenever he may think it necessary to the proper
settlement of any accounts, may examine the parties, witnesses,
and others on oath or affirmation, touching any matter material to
be known in the settlement of such account, and for that purpose
may issue subpoenas, and compel witnesses to attend before him
and give evidence, in the same manner and by the same means as
are allowed to courts of law.
6 The treasurer shall receive and keep all moneys of the Terri-
tory except when otherwise specially provided; disburse the pub-
lic money upon warrants drawn upon the treasury according to
law and not otherwise; keep a just, true, and comprehensive ac-
count of all moneys received and disbursed; render his accounts to
the auditor quarterly, or oftener if required; report to each house
of the general assembly, within ten days after the commencement
of each regular session, a detailed statement of the condition of
the treasury.
7 The treasurer shall grant duplicate receipts, under the seal of
his office for all sums of money wh.ch shall be paid into the treasury,
and the person receiving the same shall deposite one with the au-
ditor who shall credit such person accordingly, and charge the
treasurer.
■ ■% If the auditor or treasurer stiall wilfully neglect or refuse to
perform any duty enjoined by law, or shall be guilty of any op-
pression or extortion in the performance of any legal duty, he shall
forfeit to the Territory any sum not exceeding one thousand dollars,
*g be recovered by indictment.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 227
9. The prefect of each county shall appoint a treasurer therefor,
and when a vacancy occurs in the office shall fill the same.
10. So soon as he is appointed, the treasurer shall enter into a
bond to the county, in such sum and with such securities, residents
of the county, as shall be approved by the prefect, conditioned for
the faithful performance of the duties of his office.
11. He shall keep a just account of all moneys received and dis-
bursed, and regular abstracts of all warrants drawn on the treasurer
and paid; he shall make duplicate receipts, in favor of the proper
person, for all moneys paid into the treasury, and keep the books,
papers, and money thereto pertaining ready for the inspection of
the prefect at all times.
12. As often and in such manner as may be required by the pre-
fect, he shall furnish an account of the receipts and expenditures of
the county.
13. He shall, at least once in every year, settle his accounts with
the prefect, and at the close of the term for which he was appointed
the prefect shall immediately proceed to ascertain, by actual ex-
amination and count, the amount of balances and funds in the
hands of such treasurer, and to what particular fund it belongs. If
any county treasurer die, his executor or administrator shall imme-
diately settle his accounts as treasurer with the prefect, and de-
liver to his successor in office all things pertaining thereto.
14. All collectors, sheriffs, clerks, constables, and other persons
chargeable with moneys belonging to any county, shall render
their accounts to and settle with the court of the prefect at each
stated term thereof, pay into the county treasury any balance
which may be due the county, take duplicate receipts therefor, and
deposite one of the same with the clerk of the prefect within five
days thereafter.
15. It shall be the duty of the clerk of the prefect to keep reg-
ular accounts between the treasurer and the county, and to keep
just accounts between the county and all persons chargeable with
money payable into the county treasury, or who may be entitled
to receive pay therefrom; to file and preserve in his office all ac-
counts, vouchers, and other papers pertaining to the settlement of
any account to which the county shall be a party; to issue war-
rants on the treasury for all moneys ordered to be paid by the pre-
fect, keep an abstract thereof, present the same to the court of the
prefect at every regular terra thereof, balance and exhibit the ac-
counts kept by him as often as required by the prefect, and keep
his books and papers ready at all times to be inspected by the
prefect.
16. It shall be the duty of all clerks to keep just accounts of all
fines, penalties, forfeitures, and judgments rendered, imposed, or
accruing in favor of any. county, or of the Territory, ready at all
times for the inspection of the judge of their respective courts.
17. It shall be the duty of the circuit court, and the court of
the prefect, at each term thereof, to settle with the sheriffs of the
counties for which such courts are hoklen, for all moneys by them
received, or which they ought to have collected, for the use of
228 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
their respective counties, or the Territory, and have not before ac-
counted for; they shall cause their clerks to make out a list of all
sums chargeable to said sheriffs, payable to the counties or Terri-
tory, specifying on what account, and cause the same to be certi-
fied to the clerk of the prefect, or the auditor of the Territory, as
the case may require.
18. It shall be the duty of each alcalde, at each term of the
court of the prefect, to make out a list of all fines by him imposed,
to the use of the county, stating the name of the officer w^ho has
or ouo-ht to have collected the same; vv^hich he shall certify and
deliver to the clerk of the prefect, who shall charge the same ac-
cordingly.
19. Every sheriff, collector, clerk, constable, or other person,
chargeable with money belonging to any county, who shall fail to
pay the same into the county treasury without delay, shall forfeit
2^ per centum per month on the amount wrongfully withheld, to
be computed from the time the amount ought to have been paid,
until actual payment.
20. No sheriff, collector, constable, clerk, or deputy thereof,
shall be eligible to the office of county treasurer.
21. Each prefect shall have power to audit and adjust and settle
all accounts to which his county shall be a party, to order the pay-
ment out of the county treasury of any sum of money found due
by the county, and to allow the clerk and treasurer of the county,
for their respective services under this law, such compensation as
he may deem just and reasonable.
Water courses^ stock marks. &•€.
Sec. 1. The laws heretofore in force concerning water courses,
stock marks, and brands, horses, enclosures, commons, and arbitra-
tk)ns, shall continue in force; except so much of said laws as re-
quires the ayuntemtntos of the different villages to regulate^these
subjects, which duties and powers are transferred to and enjoined
uptan the alcaldes and prefects of these several counties.
Witnesses.
Sec. 1. In ail cases where witnesses are required in any cause
pending in any court having a clerk, such clerk, and in all other
cases the person holding the court, shall issue a subpcena for such
witnesses, stating the day and place when and where the witnesses
are to appear.
2. Such subpoena shall contain the names of all witnesses for
whom a summons is required by the same party at the same time>
in the same cause, and who reside in the same county, and may be
served in any county in this Territory in the same manner as a cita-
tion or summons for a defendant.
3. A witness summoned in any cause pending in any court, and
failing to attend, may be compelled to appear by writ of attach-
Ex, Doc. No. 60.
ment against his body, which may be served in any county in this
Territory.
Done at the government house, in the city of Santa Fe, in the
Territory of New Mexico, by Brigadier General Stephen W. Kearny,
by virtue of the authority conferred upon him by the government
of the United States,
S. W. KEARNY,
• Brigadier General U. S, A.
September 22, 1846.
Navy Department, December 19, 1846.
Sir: In obedience to the direction with which you transmitted a
copy of the resolution of the House of Representatives of the 15th
instant, requesting the President "to communicate any and all or-
ders or instructions to General Taylor, General Wool, General
Kearny, Captain Sloat, Captain Stockton, or any other officer of
the government, in relation to the establishment or organization of
civil government in any ^portion of the territory of Mexico which
has been or may be taken possession of by the army or navy of the
United States; also, what forms of government such officers, or
either of them, may have established and organized; and whether
the President has approved and recognized said governments," I
have the honor to transmit herewith copies of the despatches from
this department to the commanding officers of the United States
naval forces in the Pacific ocean, and in the Gulf of Mexico, as
enumerated in the subjoined schedule, with copies of communica-
tions from those officers.
These documents contain all the information in the department
on the subject embraced in the resolution of the House.
It will be perceived that the only subject on which the com-
mander of the naval forces in the gulf has been instr^ucted, which
appears to be within the range of the resolution, is the state of the
import and export trade of the ports of which he held temporary
military possession.
The last official despatch received from the specific squadron is
dated on the 28th of August last. At that date the despatches
from the department of the 13th of May had just arrived, and
those of subsequent dates appear not to have been received. The
operations of the squadron were conducted under the order of June
24, 1845, which required the commander of the naval forces to ex-
ercise all the belligerent rights which belonged to him on the
declaration of war or the commencement of hostilities by Mexico
against the United States.
In my despatch of November 5th last, Commodore Stockton was
required to relinquish the conduct of operations on land, and the
control of such measures of .civil government as the military oc-
cupation of the country conquered might devolve on the conqueror,
until a definite treaty of peace should' settle the right of possession
to the officer in command of the land forces of the United States,
230 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
who, in company with the bearer of my despatch, proceeded to the
west coast to assume the eoramand.
There has been no approval or recognition of any organized or
established form of civil government for the Calilornias, or any
other Mexican territory in the occupation of the naval forces,
through this department. The instructions have been confined to
the acknowledged rights, under the laws cf nations, resulting from
conquest and occupation; and the corresponding duties which the
conqueror owed temporarily to the inhabitants have been performed
in a spirit of kindness and conciliation, and in the only particulars
embraced by the instructions from this department, of liberality to
the commercial interests of citizens of the United States and of
neutrals.
It may be supposed that the documents transmitted embrace mat-
ters not within the call. But as the principal purpose of the de-
spatches has been the direction of naval operations against the
enemy, I have found it difficult to make extracts which would be
intelligible. I have, therefore, deemed it most satisfactory to
transmit the entire documents, with two exceptions; and in these
the whole despatch is not sent, because the parts withheld relate to
other subjects, which , the interests of the government would not
permit to be made public.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. Y. MASON.
To the President.
SCHEDULE.
L/onnor, JMovember 60, lo4b.
Connor, December 16, 1846.
12. Commodore Sioat to the Secretary of the Navy, July 31,
1846.
13. Commodore Stockton to the Secretary of the Navy, August
28, 1846.
14. Extracts from a despatch of Commodore Connor to the St
retary of the Navy, November 17, 1846.
5ec-
Ex. Doc. No 60. 231
No. 1.
[secret and confidential.]
United States Navy Department,
Washington.^ June 24, 1845.
Sir: Your attention is still particularly directed to the present
aspect of the relations between this country and Mexico. It is the
earnest desire of the President to pursue the policy of peace; and
he is anxious that you, and every part of your squadron, should be
assiduously careful to avoid any act which could be construed as
an act of aggression.
Should Mexico, however, be resolutely bent on hostilities, you
will be mindful to protect the persons and interests of citizens of
the United Slates near your station; and, should you ascertain be-
yond a doubt that the Mexican government has declared war
against us, you will at once employ the force under your command
to the best advantage. The Mexican ports on the Pacific are said
to be open and defenceless. If you ascertain with certainty that
Mexico has declared war against the United States, you will at
once possess youiself of the port of San Francisco, and blockade
or occupy such other ports as your force may permit.
Yet, even if you should find yourself called upon by the certainty
of an express declaration of war against the United States to
occupy San Francisco and other Mexican ports, you will be careful
to preserve, if possible, the most friendly relations with* the inha-
bitants; and, where you can do so, you will encourage them to
adopt a course of neutrality.
Should you fall in wi^h the squadron under Commodore Parker,
you will signify to him the wish of the department that, if the
state of his vessels will admit of it, he should remain off the coast
of Mexico until our relations with that power are more definitively
adjusted; and you will take directions from him, as your senior
officer, communicating to him these instructions.
The great distance of your squadron, and the difficulty of com-
municating with you, are the causes for issuing this order. The
President hopes most earnestly that the peace of the two countries
may not be disturbed. The object of these instructions is to pos-
sess you of the views of the government in the event of a declara-
tion of war on the part of Mexico against the United States — an
event which you are enjoined to do everything consistent with the
national honor, on your part, to avoid.
Should Commodore Parker prefer to return to the United States,
he has permission from the department to do so. In that event,
you will command the united squadron.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEORGE BANCROFT.
Commodore John D. Sloat,
Commanding United States naval forces in the Pacific.
232 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
No. 2.
[confidential. J
Navy Department, July 11, 1845.
Sir : The unanimous vote of the Texan Congress for annexation
leaves no doubt of the consummation of that measure. When you
ascertain, satisfactorily, that the Texan convention, which assem-
bled on the 4th, has also acceded to annexation, you will regard
Texas as a part of your country — to be defended like any other
part of it. At the same time, every honorable effort is to be made
to preserve peace with all nations. The lestoration of our
boundary on the southwest, by the consent and choice of the
people of Texas, is due to the strong attraction of the principles
of liberty, which endear America to every one of its sons, and is
a tribute before the world to the policy of peace, of political free-
dom, and of union on the principles of freedom. It is the Presi-
dent's desire that this great event should be consummated without
the effusion of blood, and without the exercise of force; be-
lieving that free institutions, in their own right, will achieve all
that can be desired.
To secure this end most effectually, you are charged to commit
no act of aggression ; and, at the same time, you are invested
with the command of a force sufficient to take from others a dis-
position to hostile acts. You have already the
Frigate Potomac, of 44 guns ;
Sloop Falmouth, of 20 guns :
Sloop Saratoga, of 20 guns;
Sloop St. Mary's, of 20 guns;
Brig Somers, of 10 guns ;
Brig Lawrence, of 10 guns.
The Mississippi and Princeton, steamships, the sloop John Adams,
and brig Porpoise, making an additional force of 52 guns, are
under orders to join you without delay. This is, perhaps, the
largest fleet that ever sailed under the American flag ; and while
it is sufficient, in case of war, to win glory for yourself, your as-
sociates, and the country, you will win still higher glory if, by
the judicious management of your force, you contribute to the
continuance of peace.
That you may precisely understand what is meant by the ag-
gression which you are instructed to avoid, I will add, that while
the annexation of Texas extends our boundary to the Del Norte,
the President reserves the vindication of, our boundary, if possible,
to methods of peace. You will, therefore, not employ force to
dislodge Mexican troops from any post east of the Del Norte
which was in the actual possession of the Mexicans at the time of
annexation.
While the action of Mexico is uncertain, you will employ the
force under your command, with a just regard to the health of the
officers and men at this season of the year, in such a manner' as
will be most likely to disincline Mexico to acts of hostility, and
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 233
will keep you fully informed of the movements of that power.
The number of small vessels under your command is such that
you will be able to obtain and to send promptly to the department
any information that may require its action.
Should Mexico declare war, you will at once dislodge her troops
from any post she may have east of the mouth of the Del Norte;
take possession of Tampico ; and, if your force is sufficient^ will
take the castle of San Juan d'Ulloa, it being the determination of
the President to preserve peace, if possible ; and, if war comes,
to recover peace by adopting the most prompt and energetic
aieasures.^
You are, herewith, possessed of the views of the department.
Much is entrusted to your sagacity and good judgment. Keep the
department fully advised of your movements. I invite you, also,
to communicate your views unreservedly.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEORGE BANCROFT.
Commodore D. Connor,
Commanding U. S. naval forces in the
Gulf of Mexico^ Pensacola.
No. 3.
United States Navy Department,
Washington^ May 13, 1846,
Commodore: The state of things alluded to in my letter of June
24, 1815, 'has occurred. You will therefore now be governed by
the instructions therein contained, and carry into effect the orders
then communicated, with energy and promptitude, and adopt such
other measures for the protection of the persons and interests, the
rights and the commerce of the citizens of the United States, as
your sound judgment may deem to be required.
When you establish a blockade, you will allow neutrals twenty
days to leave the blockaded portsj and you will render your block-
ade absolute, except against armed vessels of neutral nations.
Commending you and your ships' companies to Divine Provi-
dence,
I am, respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEORGE BANCROFT.
Commodore John D. Sloat,
Commanding U. S. Squadron, Pacific.
No. 4.
United States Navy Department,
Washington, May 13, 1846.
Commodore: Congress having declared that a state of war exists
between the United States and the republic of Mexico, you will
234 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
exercise all the rights that belong to you as commander-in-chief of
a belligtrent squadron.
Your own intimate acquaintance with the condition of Mexico,
will instruct you best, what measures to pursue in. the conduct of
hostilities, in addition to those suggested by the department.
You will declare and enforce a blockade of as many of the ports
of Mexico as your force will enable you to do effectually, and you
will "inform the department as speedily as possible of those which
you blockade. You wi'l duly notify neutrals of your declaration,
and give to it all the publicity in your power. It is believed, that
the ports between Guaxacualco and the Del Norte are those to
which your attention should principally be directed. Your block-
ade must be strict 'and absolute, and only public armed vessels
of neutral powers should be permitted to enter the Mexican ports
which you shall place in a state of blockade. To neutrals that are
already in the ports you will allow twenty days to leave them.
In your letter to the department of the I9ih of March, you ask if
the English mail-steamers that touch monthly at Vera Cruz and
Tampico should be included in any blockade which, in the event
of hostilities, may become necessary. You are hereby instructed,
until further orders, to follow the precedent set by the French in
their recent blockade of Vera Cruz, with regard to them.
You will seize all the ships and vessels of war belonging to
Mexico that may be accessible.
If your means will permit you to do so, you will approach Tam-
pico and take, and, if practicable, will hold possession of that
town.
The department does not suppose your forces to be adequate to
attempt the capture of San Juan d'Ulloa.
You will keep up a constant communication with our army on
the Del Norte, and adopt prompt and energetic measures to render
it all assistance that may be in your power.
If any of the Mexican provinces are disposed to hold themselves
aloof from the central government in Mexico, and maintain pacific
relations with the United States, you will encourage them to do
so, and regulate your conduct towards them accordingly.
You are enjoined to maintain a frequent correspondence with
the department.
The steamer "Princeton" has sailed to join your squadron, and
will be of service, especially as a despatch vessel.
The brig "Perry" will sail during the present week for Chagres ;
and, on its return, will join your command.
The brig "Porpoise" will rejoin you on its return from St.
Domingo.
The brig "Truxton" will follow in a few days.
Your force will then consist of the following vessels :
Frigate Cumberland, of 44 guns.
Raritan, 44 guns.
Sloop Falmouth, 20 guns.
John Adams, 20 guns.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 235
St. Mary's, 20 guns.
Steamer Mississippi, 10 guns.
Princeton, 9 guns.
Brig Porpoise, 10 guns.
Somers, , 10 guns.
Lawrence., 10 guns.
Perry, 10 guns.
Truxton, * 10 guns.
Schooner Flirt.
The country relies on you to make such a use of this force as
will most effectually blockacle the principal Mexican ports, protect
our commerce from the depredations of privateers, assist the opera-
tions of our army, and lead to the earliest adjustment of our diffi-
culties with Mexico.
You will adopt all proper precautions to preserve the health of
your men.
I commend you and your ships' companies to the blessings of
Divine Providence.
Very respectfully,
GEORGE BANCROFT.
Commodore David Connor, ,
Commanding Home Squadron.
No. 5.
United States Navy Department,
Washington^ May 15, 1846.
Commodore: By my letter of the 13th instant, forwarded to you
through different sources, in triplicate, of which a copy is enclosed,
you were informed of the existing state of war between this gov-
ernment and the republic of Mexico, and referred to your instruc-
tions bearing date June 24th, 1845, in reference to such a contin-
gency, and directed to " carry into effect the orders then commu-
nicated, with energy and promptitude, and adopt such other
measures for the protection of the pers.ons and interests, the rights
and the commerce of the citizens of the United States, as your
sound judgment may deem to be required."
I transmit you herewith, by the hands of Midshipman McRae,
whom you will employ on your station, a file of papers containing
the President's message, and the proceedings of Congress relative
to the existing state of war with Mexico. The President, by au-
thority of Congress, has made proclamation of war between the
United States and Mexico. You will find a copy of the proclama-
tion in the papers enclosed.
You will henceforth exercise all the rights that belong to you as
commander-in-chief of a belligerent squadron.
You will consider the most important public object to be to take
and to hold possession of San Francisco, and this you will do
without fail.
236 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
You will also take possession of Mazatlan and of Monterey, one
or both, as your force will permit.
If information received here is correct, you can establish friendly
relations between your squadron and the inhabitants of each of
these three places. «
Enymas is also a good harbor, and is believed to be defenceless.
You will judge about attempting it.
When you cannot take and hold possession of a town, you may
establish a blockade, if you have the means to do it effectually, and
the public interest shall require it.
With the expression of these views, much is left to your discre-
tion as to the selection of the points of attack, the ports you will
seize, the ports which you will blockade, and as to the order of
your successive movements.
A connexion between California, and even Sonora, and the pre-
sent government of Mexico, is supposed scarcely to exist. You
will, as opportunity offers, conciliate the confidence of the people
in California, and also in Sonora, towards the government of the
United States; and you will endeavor to render their relations with
the United States as intimate and as friendly as possible.
It is important that you shculd hold possession at least of San
Francisco, even while you encourage the people to. neutrality, self-
government, and friendship.
You can readily conduct yourself in such a manner as will render
your occupation of San*Francisco, and other ports, a benefit to the
inhabitants.
Commodore Biddle has left, or will soon leave China. If occa-
sion offers, you will send letters for him to our agent at the Sand-
wich Islands, conveying to him the wish of the department that he
should appear, at once, off California or Sonora.
You will inform the department, by the earliest opportunity, of
those ports which you blockade. You will notify neutrals of any
declaration of blockade you may make, and give to it all proper
publicity. Your blockade must be strict, permitting only armed
vessels of neutral powers to enter; but to neutrals already in the
ports you will allow twenty days to leave them.
The frigate "Potomac" ai>d sloop •' Saratoga" have been ordered
to proceed as soon as possible into the Pacific; and Captain Aulick
in the Potomac, and Commander Shubrick in the Saratoga, di-
rected to report to you at Mazatlan, or wherever else they may
find your forces. You would do well, if occasion offers, to send
orders to Callao and Valparaiso, instructing them where to meet
you.
Other reinforcements will be sent you as the exigencies of the
service may require.
You will communicate with the department as often as you can;
and you will, if practicable, send a messenger with despatches
across the country to the Del Norte, and so to Washington.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEORGE BANCROFT
Commodore John D. Sloat,
Commanding U, S. naval forces in the Pacific.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 237
No. 6.
United States Navy Department,
Washington^ June 8, 1846.
Commodore: You have already been instructed, and are now in-
structed, to employ the force under your command, first, to take
possession of San Francisco; next, to take possession of Montereyj
next, to take possession of such other Mexican ports as you may
be able to hold; next, to blockade as many of the Mexican ports
in the Pacific as your force will permit; and to watch over Ameri-
can interests and citizens, and commerce, on the west coast of
Mexico.
It is rumored that the province of California is well disposed to
accede to friendly relations with the. United States. You will en-
courage the people of that region to enter into relations of amity
with our country.
In taking possession of their harbors, you will, if possible, en-
deavor to establish the supremacy of the American flag without any
strife with the people of California.
The squadron on the east coast of Mexico, it is believed, is in
the most friendly relations with Yucatan. In like manner, if Cali- *
fornia separates herself from our enemy, the central Mexican gov-
ernment, and establishes a government of its own under the auspices
of the American flag, you will take such measures as will best pro-
mote the attachment of the people of California to the United
States; will advance their prosperity; and will make that vast
region a desirable place of residence for emigrants from our soil.
Considering the great distance at which you a-e placed from the
department, and the circumstances that will constantly arise, much
must be left to your discretion. You will bear in mind generally,
that this country desires to find in California a friend, and not an
enemy; to be connected with it by near ties; to hold possession of
it, at least during the war; and to hold that possession, if possible,
with the consent of its inhabitants.
The sloop-of-war "Dale," Commander McKean, sailed from New
York on the 3d instant, to join your squadron. The "Lexington,"
Lieutenant Bailey, will sail as soon a<! she can take on board her
stores. The "Potomac" and "Saratoga" have also been ordered to
the Pacific.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEORGE BANCROFT.
Commodore John D. Sloat,
Commanding U. S. naval forces in the Pacific ocean.
238 Ex. Doc. No. 60
No. 7.
United States Navy Department,
Washhigtouy July 12, 1846.
Commodore: Previous instructions have informed you of the in-
tention of this government, pending the war with Mexico, to take
and hold possesion of California. For this end a company of
artillery, with cannon, mortars, and munitions of war, is sent to
you in the Lexington, for the purpose of co-operating with you,
according to the best of your judgment, and of occupying, under
your direction, such post or posts as you may deem expedient in
the bay of Monterey, or in the bay of San Francisco, or in both.
In the absence of a military officer higher than captain, the selec-
tion of the first American post or posts on the waters of the Pacific,
in California, is left to your discretion.
The object of the United States is, under its rights as a belliger-
ent nation, to' possess itself entirely of Upper California.
When San Francisco and Monterey are secured, you will, if pos-
sible, send a small vessel of war to take and hold possession of the
port of San Diego; and it would be well to ascertain the views of
the inhabitants of Pueblo de los Angeles, who, according to infor-
mation received here, may be counted upon as desirous of coming
under the jurisdiction of the United States. If you can take pos-
session of it, you should do so.
The object of the United States has reference to ultimate peace
with Mexico; and if, at that peace, the basis of the ufi possidetis
shall be established, the government expects, through your forces,
to be found in actual possession of Upper California.
This will bring with it the necessity of a civil administration.
Such a government should be established under your protection;
and, in selecting persons to hold office, due respect should be had
to the wishes of the people of California, as well as to the actual
possessors of authority in that province. It may be proper to re-
quire an oath of allegiance to the United States from those who
are entrusted with authority. You will also assure the people of
California of the protection of the United States.
In reference to commercial regulations in the ports of which you
are in actual possession, ships and produce . of the United States
should come and go free of duty.
For your further instruction I enclose to you a copy of confiden-
tial instructions from the War Department to Brigadier General
S. W. Kearny, who is ordered, overland, to California. You will
also communicate your instructions to him, and inform him that
they have the sanction of the President.
The government relies on the land and naval forces to co-operate
with each other in the most friendly and effective manner.
After you shall have secured Upper California, if your force is
sufficient, you will t^ke possession, and keep the harbors on the
Gulf of CaUfornia as far down, at bast, as Guayroas. But this is
not to 'nterfere with the permanent occupation of Upper California.
A regiment of volunteers from the State of New York, to serve
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 239
during the war, have been called for by the government, and are
expected to sail from the first to the tenth of August. This regi-
ment vrill, in the first instance, report to the naval commander on
your station, but will ultimately be under the command of General
Kearny, who is appointed to conduct the expedition .by land.
The term of three years having nearly expired since you have
been in command of the Pacific squadron, Commodore Shubrick
will soon be sent out in the Independence to relieve you. The de-
partment confidently hopes that all Upper California will be in our
hands before the relief shall arrive.
Very respectfully,
GEORGE BANCROFT
Commodore John D. Sloat,
Comd' g U. S. naval forces in the Pacific ocean.
No. 8,
United States Navy' Department,
Washington J August 13, 1846.
Sir: The United States being' in a state of war by the action of
Mexico, it is desired, by the prosecution of hostilities, to hasten
the return of peace, and to secure it on advantageous conditions.
For this purpose orders have been given to the squadron in the
Pacific to take and keep possession of Upper California, especially
of the ports of San Francisco, of Monterey, and of San Diego; and
also, if opportunity offer, and the people favor, to take possession,
bj; an inland expedition, of San Pueblo de los Angeles, near San
Diego.
Your first duty will be to ascertain if these orders have been car-
ried into effect. If not, you will take immediate possession of
Upper California, especially of the three ports of San Francisco,
Monterey, and San Diego, so that if the treaty of peace shall be
made on the basis of the uti possidetis, it may leave California to
the United States.
The relations to be maintained with the people of Upper Cali-
fornia are to be as friendly as possible. The flag of the United
States must be raised; but under it the people are to be allowed as
much liberty of self-government as is consistent with the general
occupation of the country by the United States. You, as com-
mander-in-chief of the squadron, may exercise the right to inter-
dict the entrance of any vessel or articles, that would be unfavor-
able to our success in the war, into any of the enemy's ports which
you may occupy. With this exception, all United States vessels
and merchandise must be allowed, by the local authorities of the
ports of which you take possession, to come and go free of duty
but on foreign vessels and goods reasonable duties may be imposed,
collected, and disposed of by the local authorities, under your gen-
eral superintendence.
A military force has been directed by the Secretary of War to
240 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
proceed to the western coast of California for the purpose of co-
operation with the navy, in taking possession of and holding the
ports and positions which have been specified, and for otherwise
operating against Mexico.
A detachment of these troops, consisting of a company of artil-
lery, under command of Captain Tompkins, has sailed in the
United States ship Lexington. A regiment of volunteers, under
Colonel Stevenson, will soon sail from New York; and a body of
troops under Brigadier General Kearny may reach the coast via
Santa Fe. Copies of so much of the instructions to Captain Tomp-
kins and General Kearny as relates to objects requiring co-opera-
tion are herewith enclosed.
By article 6 of the "General Regulations for the Army," edition
of 1825, which is held by the War Department to be still in force,
and of which I enclose you a copy, your commission [that is, the
commission of Commodore Biddle) places you in point of prece-
dence, on occasions of ceremony or upon meetings for consultation,
in the class of major general, but no officer of the army or navy,
whatever may be his rank, can assume any direct command, inde-
pendent of consent, over an officer of the other service, excepting
only when land forces are specially embarked in vessels of war to
do the duty of marines.
The President expects and requires, however, the most cordi*al
and effectual co-operation between the officers of the two services,
in taking possession of and holding the ports and positions of the
enemy, which are designated in the instructions to either or both
branches of the service, and wmH hold any commander of either
branch to a strict responsibility for any failure to preserve harmony
and secure the objects proposed.
The land forces which have been or will be sent to the Pacific
may be dependent upon the vessels of your squadron for transpor-
tation from one point to another, and for shelter and protection in
case of being compelled to abandon positions on the coast. It may
'be necessary also to furnish transportation for their supplies, or to
furnish the supplies themselves, by the vessels under your direc-
tion.
In all such cases you will furnish all the assistance in your power
which will not interfere with objects that, in your opinion, are of
greater importance.
You will, taking care, however, to advise with any land officer of
high rank — say of the rank of brigadier general — who may be at
hand, make the necessary regulations for the ports that may be oc-
cupied.
Having provided for the full possession of Upper California, the
next point of importance is the Gulf of California. From the best
judgment I can form, you should take possession of the port of"
Guayraas. The progress of our arms will probably be such that,iik
conjunction with land forces, you will be able to hold possession^
of Guaymas, and so to reduce all the country north of it on the
gulf.
As to the ports south of it, especially Mazatlan and Acapulco,.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 241
it is not possible to give you special instructions. Generally, you
will take possession of, or blockade, according to your best judg-
ment, all Mexican ports as far as your means allow; but south oi
Guaymas, if the provinces rise up against the central government,
and manifest friendship towards the United States, you may, ac-
cording to your discretion, enter into a temporary agreement of
neutrality. But this must be done only on condition that our ships
have free access to their ports, and equal commercial rights with
those of other nations; that you are allowed to take in water and
fuel, to purchase supplies, to go to and from shore without obstruc-
tion, as in time of peace; and that the provinces which are thus
neutral shall absolutely abstain from contributing towards the con-
tinuance of the war by the central government of Mexico against
the United States,
Generally, you will exercise the rights of a belligerent; and bear
in mind that the greater advantages you obtain, the more speedy
and the more advantageous will be the peace.
The Savannah, the Warren, and the Levant ought soon to return.
If you hear of peace between the United States and Mexico, you
will at once send them home.
If war continues, you will send them home singly, or in compa-
ny, at the earliest day they can be spared. The Savannah will go
to New York, and the Warren and Levant to Norfolk.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant.
GEORGE BANCROFT.
To Com. James Biddle, or
Com. R. F. Stockton, or
The Senior Officer in command of the
United States naval foxes in the Pacific ocean.
Head-quarters"of the Army,
Washington jf May 31, 1846.
Sir: In arranging with his excellency the governor of Missouri
the force to march against the province of New Mexico, under the
instructions to you from the Adjutant General's office, (two letters,
dated respectively the iSth and 14th instant,) it is desirable that
you should add as many of the valuable men at and about Bent's
fort to that force as practicable, and as may be needed. The gov-
ernor's attention, when here, was invited to that object by both the
Secretary of War and myself.
With a view to these men, and a further accession to the strength
of the expedition under your orders from among American citizens
residing or trading in New Mexico, who may volunteer into the
service of the United States, it is desirable that you take with you
additional supplies, including arms, accoutrements, and ammuni-
tion. .
To hold Santa Fe, and other points you may deem it necessary
to capture and to occupy, it is suggested, if you think the routes
16
«2!42 Ex. Doc. No 60.
practicable, that you take with you some guns beyond and heavier
thnn a field battery.
I am desired to intimate to you, (confidentially,) from the high-
'est in authority, that you will probably soon be followed by an ad-
ditional volunteer force, (say of a ihousand men,) to be raised in
Missouri, arvl to come under your orders. When so reinforced, or
before, if you deem your means adequate, after garrisoning Santa
Fe, and other points you may have captured and desire to occupy,
you will march (say via the most southern practicable route — the
caravan route) to North California; take and occupy some of the
principal points (say Monterey and San Francisco bay) in that
province also; communicating and co-operaling with the com-
mander of the United States naval forces whom you may find at
hand. You will probably receive en route lurther instructions on
those subjects.
It is deemed highly important thai the expedition with which
you are to commence operations should be filled out and pressed
forward with as liitle delay as practicable.
This communication is despatched in triplicate — one copy ad-
dressed to St. Louis, JeiTer>on city, and Fort Leavenworth, each;
and a fourth will be put under cover to his excellency the governor
of Missouri, for his information.
The chief of topographical engineers will despatch for service
with you, very soon, two officers of his cor[)S.
I remain, with great respect your obedient servant,
WIISFIELD SCOTT,
Col. S. W. Kearny,
U. S. army, commanding j ^c, ^c.
A true copy:
H. ]
Aid-de-camp, fyc.
H. L. SCOTT,
[confidential.] War Department,
Washington^ June 3, 1846. \
Sir: I herewith send you a copy of my letter to the governor of
Missouri for an additional force of one thousand mounted men.
The object of thus adding to the force under your command is
not, as you will perceive, fully set forth in that letter, for the rea-
son that it is deemed prudent thrit it should not ai this time become
a matter of public notoriety; but to you it is proper and necessary
that it should be stated.
It has been decided by the President to be of the greatest import-
ance, in the pending war with Mexico, to take the earliest posses-
sion of Upper California. An expedition, with that view, is hereby
ordered, and you are designated lo command it. To enable you to
be in sufficient force to conduct it successfully, this additional force
of a thousand mounted men has been piovided to follow you in
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 243
the direction of Santa Fe, to be under your orders, or the officer
you may leave in command at Santa Fe.
It cannot be determined how far this additional force will be be-
hind that designed for the Santa Fe expedition, but it will not pro-
bably be more than a few weeks. When you arrive at Sdnta Fe
with the force already called, and shall have taken possession of
it, you may find yourself in a condition to garrison it with a small
part of your commandj (as the additional force will soon be at that
place,) and with the remainder press forward to California. In
that case you will make such arrangements as to being followed by
the reinforcement before mrntioned as in your judgment may be
deemed safe ^nd prudent. I need not say to you that in case you
conquer Santa Fe, (and with it will be included the department or
State of New Mexico,) it will be important to provide for retaining
safe possession of it. Should you deem it prudent to have still
more troops for the accomplishment of the objects herein designa-
ted, you will lose no time in communicating your opinion on that
point, and all others connected with the enterprise, to this depart-
ment. Indeed, you are hereby authorized to make a direct requi-
sition for it upon the governor of Missouri.
It is known that a large body of Mormon emigrants are en route
to California, for the purpose of settling in that country. You are
desired to use all proper means to have a good understanding with
them, to the end that the United States may have their co-opera-
tion in taking possession of, and holding that country. It has been
suggested here that many of these Mormons would willingly enter
into the service of the United States, and aid us in our expedition
against California. You are hereby authorized to muster into ser-
vice such as can be induced to volunteer; not, however, to a num-
ber exceeding one-third of your entire force. Should they enter
the service, they will be paid as other volunteers; and you can
allow them to designate, so far as it can be properly done, the per-
sons to act as officers thereof. It is understood that a considerable
number of American citizens are now settled on the Sacramento
river, near Suter^s establishment called " Nueva Helvetia," who
are well disposed towards the United States. Should you, on your
arrival" in the country, find this to be the true state of things there,
you are authorized to organize and receive into the service of the
United States such portion of these citizens as you may think use-
ful to aid you to hold the possession of the country. You will, ia
that case, allow them, so far as you shall judge proper, to select
their own officers. A large discretionary power is invested in you
in regard to these matters, as well as to all others in relation to
thf expeditions confided to your command.
The choice of routes by which you will enter California will be
left to your better knowledge and ampler means of getting accu-
rate information. We are assured that a southern route, called the
Caravan route, (by which the wild horses are brought from that
country into New Mexico,) is practicable; and it is suggested as
not improbable that it can be passed over in the winter months, or
244 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
at least late in autumn. It is hoped that this information may
prove to be correct.
In regard to routes, the practicability of procuring needful sup-
plies for men and animals, and transporting baggage, is a point to
be well considered. Should the President be disappointed in his
cherished hope that you will be able to reach the interior of Upper
California before winter, you are then desired to make the best ar-
rangement you can for sustaining your forces during the winter,
and for an early movement in the spring. Though it is very desi-
rable that the expedition should reach California this season, (and
the President does not doubt you will make every possible effort
to accomplish this object,) yet, if in your judgment it cannot be
undertaken with a reasonable prospect of success, you will defer
it, as above suggested, until spring. You are left unembarrassed
ty any specific directions in this matter.
It is expected that the naval forces of the United States which
are now, or will soon be in the Pacific, will be in possession of all
the towns on the sea coast, and will co-operate with you in the
conquest of California. Arms, ordnance, munitions of war, and
provisions, to be used in that country, will be sent by sea, to our
squadron in the Pacific, for the use of the land forces.
Should you conquer and take possession of New Mexico and
Upper California, or considerable places in either, you will estab-
lish temporary qivil governments therein — abolishing all arbitrary
restrictions that may exist, so far as it may be done with safety.
In performing this duty, it would be wise and prudent to continue
in their employment all such of the existing officers as are known
to be friendly to the United States, and will take the oath of alle-
giance to them. The duties at the custom-houses ought, at once,
to be reduced to such a rate as may be barely sufficient to main-
tain the necessary officers, without yielding any revenue to the gov-
ernment. You may assure the people of those provinces that it is
the wish and design of the United States to provide for them a
free government, with the least possible delay, similar to that which
exists in our territories. They will then be called upon to exercise
the rights of freemen in electing their own representatives to the
Territorial legislature. It is foreseen that what relates to the civil
government will be a difficult and unpleasant part of your duty,
and much must necessarily be left to your own discretion.
In your whole conduct you will act in such a manner as best to
conciliate the inhabitants, and render them friendly to the United
States.
It is desirable that the usual trade between the citizens of the
United States and the Mexican provinces should be continued, as
far as practicable, under the changed condition of things between
the two countries. In consequence of extending your expedition
into California, it may be proper that you should increase your
supply for goods to be distributed as presents to the Indians The
United States superintendent of Indian affairs at St. Louis will aid
you in procuring these goods. You will be furnished with a pro-
clamation in the Spanish lauguage, to be issued by you, and circu-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 245
lated among the Mexican people on your entering into or approach-
ing their country. You will use your utmost endeavors to have
the pledges and promises, therein contained carried out to the ut-
most extent.
I am directed by the President to say that the rank of brevet
brigadier general will be conferred on you as soon as you commence
your movement towards California, and sent round to you by sea,
or over the country, or to the care of the commandment of our
squadron in the Pacific. In that way cannon, arms, ammunition,
and supplies for the land forces, will be sent to you.
&c., &c., &c.,
Col. S. W. Kearny,
WM. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Fort Leavenworth^ Missouri.
[confidential.] Head-quarters of the Army,
Washington^) June 20, 1846.
Sir: As the commander of a company of the 3d artillery, you
have been ordered to embark with the same on board of the United
States ship the Lexington, now lying in the harbor of New York,
and bound to the northwest coast of America.
I am now to inform you that, with your company, you are des-
tined to act in conjunction with the United States naval forces in
the Pacific against the republic of Mexico, with which we are at
war. The commander of that squadron may desire to capture and
to bold certain important points, as Monterey, and towns or posts
in San Francisco bay. The company under your command may
be needed for both purposes, and you will, on consultation, give
your co-operation.
It is not intended to place you under the orders, strictly speak-
ing, of any naval officer, no matter how high in rank. That would
be illegal, or, at least, without the authority of any law; but you
will be held responsible, when associated in service, whether on
land or water, with any naval officer, without regard to relative
rank, to co-operate in perfect harmony, and with zeal and efficien-
cy. Great confidence is reposed in you, in those respects, as also
in your intelligence, judgment, temper, and prowess. See in this
connexion paragraphs 24, 25, and 26, in the old General Regula-
tions for the Army^ (edition of 1825,) a copy of which book I handed
to you in my office.
Your condition, and that of your company, on board the Lexing-
ton, commanded by Lieutenant of the navy, or other United
States vessel to which you may be transferred, will be that o^ pas-
sengers^ not marines; but in the event of the ship finding herself
in action, you, and the company under your command, will not fail
to show yourselves at least as efficient as any equal number of ma-
rines whatsoever. In such case, again, the utmost harmony, upon
-consultation, would be indispensable; and in no case will you fail,
246 Ex. Dec. No. 60.
so far as it may depend upon your best exertions, to conciliate such
harmony.
On the lahding of the ordnance and ordnance stores belojiging to
the army, placed on board of the Lexington, you will take charge
of the same, unless you should be joined for that purpose by an
ordnance officer, in which case you will give him aid and assist-
ance in that duty.
On effecting a succcessful landing in the enemy's country, it may
be necessary, after consultation with the naval commander, as
above, and with his assistance, to erect and defend one or more
forts, in order to hold the conquered place or places. In such ser-
vice you will be on your proper element.
It is proper that I should add, you may find on the northwest
coast an army officer, with higher rank than your own, when, of
course, you will report to him by letter, and if ashore, come under
his command.
It is known that you have made requisitions for all the proper sup-
plies which may be needed by your company, for a considerable time
after landing. Further supplies, which may not be sent after you
from this side of the continent, you will, when ashore, in the ab-
sence of a naval force, and in the absence of a higher officer of the
army, have to purchase on the other side; but always in strict con-
formity with regulations. On board, it is understood that your
company will be subsisted from the stores of the ship or navy.
Should you not come under the orders of an army officer, or
should you not be landed by the naval commander, as above, you
■vrill remain on board of the squadron, and be sent home on some
ship of the same.
I need scarcely add that, afloat or ashore, you wnll always main-
tain the most exact discipline in your con^pany, for the honor of
the army and country, and never neglect to make, in the absence of
an army superior, to the Adjutant General, the stated reports re-
quired by regulations, besides special reports on all subjects of in-
terest.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
To 1st Lieutenant C. Q. Tompkins,
(now Captain) 3d Artillery.
Head-Quarters of the Army, July 9, 1846.
The foregoing is a true copy.
H. L. SCOTT,
Aid-de-camp^ Sfc^
[Extract from the General Regulations of the Army — edition of 1825.]
"Article 6.
" Relative rank and precedetice of land and sea officers.
''24. The military officers of the land and sea services of the
United States shall rank together as follows : 1st. A lieutenant of
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 247
the navy with captains of the army. 2d. A master qommandant
■with majors. 3d. A captain of the navy, from the date of his com-
mission, with lieutenant colonels. 4th. Five years thereafter, with
colonels. 5th. Ten years thereafter, with brigadier generals ; and,
6th. Fifteen years after the date of his commission, with major
generals. But, should there be created in the navy the rank of rear
admiral, then such rank only shall be considered equal to that of
major general.
*'*25. Nothing in the preceding paragraph shall authorize a land
officer to command any United States vessel or navy yard ; nor any
sea officer to command any part of the army on land ; neither shall
an officer o^ the one service have a right to ricmand any compliment,
on the score of rank, from an officer of the other service.
''26. Land troops, serving on board a United States vessel as
marines, shall be subject to the orders of the sea officer in command
thereof. Other land troops embarked on board such vessels for
transportation merely will be considered, in respect to the naval
commanders, as passengers ; subject, nevertheless, to the internal
regulations of the vessels."
No. 9.
[confidential.]
United States Navy Department,
Washington^ JYovember 5, 1846.
Commodore : Commodore Sloat has arrived in this city, and de-
livered your letter of the 28ih July ultimo, with the copy of your
address to the people of California, which accompanied it. The
department is gratified that you joined the squadron before the state
of the commodore's health rendered it necessary for him to relin-
quish his important command.
The difficulties and embarrassments of the command, without a
knowledge of the proceedings of Congress on the subject of the
war with Mexico, and in the absence of the instructions of the de-
partment which followed those proceedings, are justly appreciated;
and it is highly gratifying that so qauch has been done in anticipa-
tion of the orders which have been transmitted.
You will, without doubt, have received the despatches of the 15th
of May last, addressed to Commodore Sloat, and I now send you,
for your guidance, a copy of instructions to Commodore Shubrick,
of the 17th of August. He sailed early in September, in the rJizee
Independence, with orders to join the squadron with the least pos-
sible delay. On his assuming the command, you may hoist a red
pendant. If you prefer, you may hoist your pendant on the Savan-
nah, and return home with her and the Warren.
The existing war with Mexico has been commenced by her.
Every disposition was felt and manifested by the United States
government to procure redress for the injuries of which we com-
248 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
plained, and to settle all complaints on her part in the spirit of peace
and of justice which has ever characterized our intercourse with
foreign nations. That disposition still exists ; and whenever the
authorities of Mexico shall manifest a willingness to adjust unset-
tled points of controversy between the two republics, and to restore
an honorable peace, they will be met in a corresponding spirit.
This consummation is not to be expected, nor is our national
honor to be maintained, without a vigorous prosecution of the war
on our part. Without being animated by any ambitious spifit of
conquest, our naval and military forces must hold the ports and
territory of the enemy of which possession has been obtained by
their arms. You will, therefore, under no circumstances volun-
tarily lower the flag of the United States, or relinquish the actual
possession of Upper California. Of other points of the Mexican
territory which the forces under your command may occupy, you
will maintain the possession, or withdraw, as in your judgment may
be most advantageous in prosecution of the war.
In regard to your intercourse with the inhabitants of the country,
your views are judicious, and you will conform to the instructions
heretofore given. You will exercise the rights of a belligerent;
and if you find that the liberal policy of our government, in pur-
chasing and paying for required supplies, is misunderstood, and its
exercise is injurious to the public interest, you are at liberty to
take them from the enemy without compensation, or pay such
prices as may be deemed just and reasonable. The best policy in
this respect depends on a knowledge of circumstances in which you
are placed, and is left to your discretion.
The Secretary of War has ordered Colonel R. B. Mason, first
United States dragoons, to proceed to California, via Panama, who
will command the troops and conduct the military operations in the
Mexican^territory bordering on the Pacific, in: the absence of Briga-
dier General Kearny. The commander of the naval forces will
consult and co-operate with him, in his command, to the same ex-
tent as if he held a higher rank in the army. In all questions of
relative rank, he is to be regarded as having only the rank of
colonel.
The President has deemed it best for the public interests to invest
the military oflEicer commanding with the direction of the operations
on land, and with the administrative functions of government oVer
the people and territory occupied by us. You will relinquish to
Colonel Mason, or to General Kearny, if the latter shall arrive be-
fore you have done so, the entire control over these matters, and
turn over to him all papers necessary to the performance of his
duties. If officers of the navy are employed in the performance of
civil or military duties, you will withdraw or continue them at your
discretion, taking care to put them to their appropriate duty in the
squadron if the army officer commanding does not wish their ser-
vices on land.
The establishment of port regulations is a subject over which it is
deemed by the President most appropriate that the naval comman-
der shall exercise jurisdiction. You will establish these and com-
Ex. Doc. No. 60, 249
municate them to the military commander, who will carry them into
effect so far as his co-operatiou may be necessary, suggesting for
your consideration modifications or alterations.
The regulation of the import trade is also confided to you. The
conditions under which vessels of our own citizens and of neutrals
may be admitted into ports of the enemy in your possession will be
prescribed by you, subject to the instructions heretofore given. To
aid you, copies of instructions to the collectors in the United States,
from the Treasury Department, on the same subject, are enclosed.
On cargoes of neutrals imported into such ports, you may impose
moderate duties, not greater in amount than those collected in the
ports of the United States. The collection of these duties will be
made by civil officers, to be appointed, and subject to the same rules
as other persons charged with civil duties in the country. These
appointments will be made by the military officers, on consultation
with you.
The President directs me tc impress most earnestly on the naval
officers, as it is impressed on those of the array, the importance of
harmony in the performance of their delicate duties while co-oper-
ating. They are arms of one body, and will, I doubt not, vie with
each other in showing which can render the most efficient aid to the
other in the execution of common orders, and in sustaining the
national honor, which is confided to both.
You will make your communications to the department as fre-
quent as possible.
The great distance at which your command is placed, and the
impossibility of maintaining a frequent or regular communication
with you, necessarily induce the department to leave much of the
details of your operations to your discretion. The confident belief
is entertained, that, with the general outline given in the instruc-
tions, you will pursue a course which will make the enemy sensible
of our power to inflict on them the evils of war, while it will secure
to the United States, if a definitive treaty of peace shall give us
California, a population impressed with our justice, grateful for
our clemency, and prepared to love our institutions and to honor
our flag.
On your being relieved in the command of the squadron, you will
hand your instructions to the officer relieving you,
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J, Y. MASON.
Commodore R. F, Stockton,
Commanding United States naval forces
on the west coast of Mexico.
[No. 1.]
Navy Department, August 17, 1848.
Commodore : The United States being in a state of war by the
action of Mexico, it is desired by the prosecution of hostilities to
250 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
hasten the return of peace, and to secure it on advantageous condi-
tions. For this purpose orders have been given to the squadron in
the Pacific to take and keep possession of Upper California, especially
of the ports of San Francisco, of Monterey, and of San D;eg0j and
also, if opportunity offer and the people favor, to take possession^
by an inland expedition, of San Pueblo de los Angeles, near Saa
Diego.
On reaching the Pacific, your first duty will be to ascertain if
these orders have been carried into effect. If not you will take im-
mediate possession of Upper California, especially of the three ports
of San Francisco, Monterey, and San Diego, so that if the treaty of
peace shall be made on the basis of the uti possidetis^ it may leave
California to the United States.
The relations to be maintained with the people of Upper Califor-
nia are to be as friendly as possible. The flag of the United States
must be raised, but under it the people are to be allowed as much
liberty of self-government as is consistent with the general occupa-
tion of the country by the United States. You, as commander-in-
chief of the squadron, may exercise the right to interdict the en-
trance of any vessel or articles that would be unfavorable to our
success in the war into any of the enemy's ports which you may
occupy. With this exception, all United States vessels and mer-
chandise must be allowed, by the local authorities of the ports of
which you take possession, to come and go free of duty; but on
foreign vessels and goods reasonable duties may be imposed, col-
lected, and disposed of by the local authorities, under your general
superintendence.
A military force has been directed by the Secretary of War to
proceed to the western coast of California for the purpose of fo-oper-
ation with the navy, in taking possession of and holding the ports
and positions which have been specified, and for otherwise operat-
ing against Mexico.
A detachment of these troops, consisting of a company of artillery,
under command of Captain Tompkins, has sailed in the United States
ship Lexington. • A regiment of volunteers, under Colonel Steven-
son, will soon sail from New York, and a body of troops under
Brigadier General Kearny may reach the coast over Santa Fe, •
Copies of so much of the instructions to Captain Tompkins and
General Kearny as relates to objects requiring co-operation are
herewith enclosed.
By article six of the General Regulations for the Jirmy^ (edition of
1825,) which is held by the War Department to be still in force, and
of which I enclose you a copy, your commission places you, in point
oi precedence^ on occasions of ceremony or upon meetings for con-
sultation, in the class of major general, but no officer of the army
or navy, whatever may be his rank, can assume any direct com-
mand, independent of consent, over an officer of the other service,
excepting only when land forces are especially embarked in vessels
of war to do the duty of marines.
The President expects and requires, however, the most cordial
and effectual co-operation between the officers of the two services,
in taking possession of and holding the ports and positions of the
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 251
enemy, which are designated in the instructions to either or hoth
branches of the service, and will hold any commander of either
branch to a strict responsibility for any failure to preserve harmony
and secure the objects proposed.
The land forces which have been, or will be sent to the Pacific,
may be dependent upon the vessels of your squadron for transpor-
tation from one point to another, and for shelter and protection in
case of being compelled to abandon positions on the coast. It may
be necessary also to furnish transportation for their supplies, or to
furnish the supplies themselves, by the vessels under your direc-
tion.
! In all such cases you will furnish all the assistance in your power
which will not interfere with objects that, in your opinion, are
of greater importance.
You will, taking care, however, to advise with any land officer
of high rank (say of the rank of brigadier general) who may be at
hand, make the necessary regulations for the ports that may be oc-
cupied.
Having provided for the full possession of Upper California, the
next point of importance is the Gulf of California. From the best
judgment I can form, you should take possession of the port of
Guaymas. The progress of our arms will probably be such, that,
in conjunction with the land forces, you will be able to hold posses-
sion of Guaymas, and so to reduce all the country north of it on
the gulf.
As to the ports south of it, especially Mazatlan and Acapulco, it
is not possible to give you special instructions. Generally, you
•will take possession of, or blockade, according to your best judg-
ment, all Mexican ports, as far as your means allow; but south of
Guaymas, if the provinces rise up against the central government,
and manifest friendship towards the United States, you may, ac-
cording to your discretion, enter into a temporary agreement of
neutrality. But this must be done only on condition that our ships
have free access to their ports, and equal commercial rights with
those of other nations; that you are allowed to take in water and
fuel; to purchase supplies; to go to and from shore without ob-
struction, as in time of peace; and that the provinces, which are
thus neutral, shall absolutely abstain from contributing towards
the continuance of the war by the central government of Mexico
against the United States.
Generally, you will exercise the rights of a belligerent, and bear
in mind that the greater advantages you obtain, the more speedy
and the more advantageous will be the peace.
Should Commodore Biddle be in the Pacific, off the shores of
Mexico, at the time you arrive there, you will report yourself to
him; and as long as he remains off the coast of Mexico, you will
act under his dii-ection in concert with him, communicating to him
.these instructions.
The Savannah, the Warren, and the Levant, ought soon to re-
turn. If you hear of peace between the United States and Mexico^
you will at once send them home.
252 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
If war continues, yon will send them home singly, or in compa-
ny, at the earliest day they can be spared. The Savannah will go
to New York, and the Warren and Levant to Norfolk.
Very respectfully, yours,
GEORGE BANCROFT.
Com. W. B. Shubrick,
Appointed to command the United States naval forces
in the Pacific ocean.
[Enclosures.]
1. Copy of a letter from Major General Scott to Colonel S. W.
Kearny, United States army, dated May .31, 1846.
2. Copy of a letter from the Secretary of War to Colonel S. W.
Kearny, dated June 3, 1846.
3. Copy of a letter from Major General Scott to Lieutenant C. D.
Tompkins, dated June 20, 1846.
4. Copy of extract from article 6 of the General Regulations of the
Army, edition of 1825.
No. 10.
Navy Department, J^ovemher 30, 1846.
Commodore: Your despatches, Nos. 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110,
111, 112, 113, 114, and 115, and letters from Commodore Perry of
the 15th, 16th, and 21st November, have been received.
The information communicated has been very satisfactory, espe-
cially that contained in your No. 106, of the 7th October, 1846.
The successful operations in the Tabasco river reflect great
credit on the officers and men charged with its execution. In this
bold incursion so far into the interior, the skill and courage dis-
played, the humane and generous course of conduct observed, and
the sweeping capture or destruction of the enemy's shipping, have
given the liveliest satisfaction to the President and to the depart-
ment.
The success of your expedition against Tampico entitles you and
those under your command to the thanks of the department.
Your course in sending Commodore Perry to New Orleans, and
the measures taken by him and the officers of the army in co-ope-
ration with him, as detailed in his letters, are approved.
Your determination to hold possession of Tampico meets my earn-
est wishes. It is difficult to estimate the important consequences
which will result, directly and indirectly, from its occupation in
the prosecution of the war. The Secretary of war will immediate-
ly issue the necessary orders to furnish an adequate garrison and
the arms to secure it.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. , 253
So soon as the troops shall arrive, you will turn over to the com-
manding officer the place, and, reluming your detachments to their
respective vessels, and manning and arming your prizes, resume
your operations with the naval forces, co-operating with the mili-
tary force as shall be deemed best for the secure possession of Tam-
pico, and harrassing the enemy at other points.
Your movements in this respect are confidently left to your own
discretion.
It will be well to despatch one of the frigates, or other vessels,
to the Brazos, to communicate with the commandilig officer at Point
Isabel, and aid in the transportation of troops to Tampico.
Your charter of the Abrasia was at a favorable rate; but the high"
prices to which the present demand for freights has raised the char-
ter of suitable vessels has made it economical to purchase, for the
use of the squadron, another store-ship to supply water and provi-
sions, and a large w^ell-found vessel to supply the steamers with
coal. The necessary examinations have been made, and Commo-
dore Morris leaves here to-day to make the purchase at Baltimore,
New York, or Boston. They will sail without delay, with provi-
sions and coals; and the arms which you have requested will be
forwarded by the first which shall sail, or sooner if an opportunity
offer.
A rendezvous will be opened at New Orleans without delay, with
orders to ship four or five hundred men, who will be sent forward
to Tampico for duty in the squadron, as the enlistments are made
in numbers justifying the expense.
A list of the officers ordered to report to you is enclosed. There
is a strong desire amongst the officers for service in the gulf, and
the department has withheld orders to many, under the supposition
that the complements were full. The necessity for an increased
number is appreciated ; and further additions will be made, if found
important to the greater efficiency of the for-ces under your com-
mand.
The important duty in regard to commercial intercourse with
Tampico, while in our occupation by military conquest, will be
regulated by the directions given in regard to Matamoras. Copies
of the instructions in regard to the trade of that place are enclosed.
The circumstances in which your command is placed, and the
difficulty of frequent communication with you, make it proper that
you should have authority, in your discretion, to send any of the
vessels north which you may think it important to detach, either
from the condition of the crew or the vessel. That authority is
given ; but you will take care not to weaken your squadron by the
exercise of this authority without advising the department, so that
the deficiency may be supplied with as little delay as possible.
I have taken measures to provide some light field-pieces, with
carriages, for operations on shore. They will be sent to the
squadron as soon as they are ready.
Congratulating you on the important results achieved, under the
254 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
disadvantages which have surrounded you, I am, very respectfully,
vour obedient servant,
^ J. Y. MASON.
Commodore David Connor,
Commanding U. S. naval forces
in the Gulf of Mexico.
List of officers ordered for duty, in the home squadron, since the
ISth Jfovemher, 1846.
Lieutenant Thomas T. Hunter, to rejoin the steamer Princeton.
Lieutenant W. May, ordered to the steamer Mississippi.
Lieutenant William P. Griffin, ordered to Pensacola for duty in
the home squadron.
Lieutenant H. S. Stellwagen, ordered to Pensacola for duty in
the home squadron.
Lieutenant Charles C. Barton, ordered to Pensacola for duty in
the home squadron.
Lieutenant A. S. Baldwin, ordered to Pensacola for duty in the
home squadron
Lieutencints William Green and D. D. Porter, ordered to recruit
men at New Orleans, and, when they shall obtain 400 men, to re-
port for duty in the home squadron.
Midshipman E. Charles Genet, to Pensacola, for duty in the
home squadron.
Lieutenant Charles W. Chauncey, to command store-ship, to be
sent to the gulf squadron.
Navy Department, J^ovemher 30, 1846.
Circular to collectors and other officers of the customs.
Treasury Department,
June 11, 1846.
It is deemed important in the present juncture of affairs, growing
out of the existing state of war between the United States and
Mexico, to furnish the officers of the customs with proper directions
for their government. The department has accortiingly prepared
the following instructions, to which their especial attention is
called, and a strict conformity thereto enjoine.l.
By the law of nations, as recognized by repeated decisions of our
junicial tribunals, the existence of a state of war interdicts all trade
or commerce between the citizens of the two nations engaged in the
war. It consequently follows that neither vessels nor merchandise
of any description can be allowed to proceed from ports or places
in the United States to ports or places in the territories of Mexico,
with the exception of such ports or places in the latter country as
may be at the lime in the actual possession of the United States
forces.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 255
The interdiction referred to applies equally to neutral vessels and
their cargoes, proceeding directly from any of our ports o ports or
places in the territories of Mexico. In all such cases, th refore, it
becomes your duty, and you are accordingly directed rn rf-fuse
clearances to all vessels and their cargoes departing from our ports
to ports or places in the country mentioned, with the exception
before stated.
The 26th article of the freaty concluded between the United
St<ites of America and the united Mexican States, bearing date the
5th of April, 1831, contains the following stipulations, which are
in full force and binding on the contracting parties, and are to be
strictly observed and respected by the United States and their
officers, to wit :
" For the greater security of the intercourse between the citizens
of the United States of America and of the united Mexican States,
it is agreed now for then, that if there should be at any time here-
after an interiuption of the friendly relations which now exist, or a
war unhappily break out between the two contracting parties, there
shall be allowed the term of six months to the merchants residing
on the coast, and one year to those residing in the interior of the
States and Territories of each other respectively, to arrange their
business!, dispose of their eflfects, or transport them wheresoever
they may please, giving them a safe conduct to. protect them to the
port they may designate. Those citizens who may "be established
in the States and Territories aforesaid, exercising any other occupa-
tion or trade, shall be permitted to remain in the uninterrupted en-
joyment of their liberty and property, so long as they conduct them-
selves peaceably and do not commit any offence against the laws;
and their goods and effects, of whatever class and condition they
may be, shall not be subject to any embargo or sequestration what-
ever, nor to any charge nor tax other than may be established upon
similar goods and effects belonging to the citizens of the State in
which they reside respectively ; nor shall the debts between indi-
viduals, nor moneys in the public funds, or in public or private
banks, nor shares in companies, be confiscated, embargoed or de-
tained."
It is to be specially noted, that the privileges mentioned in the
article of the tr-eaty quoted apply exclusively to citizen merchants
actually residing in the countries, respectively, at the breaking out
of the war. Hence the removal from this country of any property
or effects belonging to merchants not residing therein is not au-
thorized by the treaty^and is consequently^ prohibited by the rules
of international law.
It is deemed proper to call the attention of the respective officers
of the customs to any private arming and equipment of vessels that
may take place in their ports, with a view to ascertain, as far as
may be practicable, the true object and destination of all such
vessels, in order that due measures may be taken to frustrate any
design or attempt to afford aid or assistance of any kind to the
enemy.
Should any case arise occasioning doubt in your mind as to the
256 Ex. Doc. Na. 60.
proper course to be pursued, you will advise with the United States
district attorney, and, if found necessary, will cubmit the matter
to the department for instructions.
The latest intelligence received at the department leads to^the
conclusion that the State of Yucatan would at least remain neutral
during the present war, and probably assume the attitude of a
separate and independent sovereignty, desiring to maintain the
most friendly relations with the ^United States. That being the
case, the ports of Yucatan would not be subject to the interdiction
of commerce applicable to Mexico generally.
R. J. WALKER,
Secretary of the Treasury.
Circular to collectors and other officers of the customs.
Treasury Department,
Ju7ie 30, 1846.
The circular of this department of the 11th instant contained the
following paragraph:
" By the law of nations, as recognised by repeated decisions of
our judicial tribunals, the existence of a state of war interdicts all
trade or commerce between the citizens of the two nations engaged
in the war. It consequently follows, that neither vessels nor mer-
chandise of any description can be allowed to proceed from ports
or places in the United States to ports or places in the territories
of Mexico, with the exception of such ports or places in the latter
country as may be at the time in the actual possession of the
United States forces."
Matamoras is now in the actual possession of the forces of the
United States, and perhaps other ports and places on the same side
of the Rio Grande.
In case of the application of vessels for clearances for the port
of Matamoras, you will issue them under the following circum-
stances:
1st. To American vessels only.
2d. To such vessels carrying only articles of the growth, pro-
duce or manufacture of the United States, or of imports from for-
eign countries to our own, upon which the duties have been fully
paid- and upon all such goods, whether of our own or of foreign
countries, no duties will be chargeable at the'port of Matamoras so
long as it is in the possession of the forces of the United States.
In issuing this order, it is not intended to interfere with the au-
thority of General Taylor to exclude such articles, including spirit-
uous liquors or contraband of war, the introduction of which he
may consider injurious to our military operations in Mexico.
Foreic^n imports which may be re-exported in our vessels to
Matamoras will not be entitled to any drawback of duty; for, if
this were permitte.l, they would be carried from that port into the
United States, and thus evade the payment of all duties.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 257
Whenever any -other port or place upon the Mexican side of the
Rio Grande shall have passed into the actual possession of the
forces of the United States, such ports and places will be subject
to all the above instructions which are applicable to the port of
Matamoras.
R. J. WALKER,
Secretary of the^ Treasury.
Circular to collectors and other officers of the customs.
Treasury Department,
October 23, 1846.
In consequence of the intelligence received at the department, it
becomes expedient and proper to rescind the privilege granted to
the ports of Yucatan in my circular instructions of the 11th of
June, 1846, and to subject said ports to the interdictions of com-
merce applicable to the ports of Mexico generally, as enjoined by
said instructions. You are accordingly directed to refuse clear-
ances to all vessels and their cargoes departing from our ports to
ports or places in Yucatan.
R. J. WALKER,
Secretary of the Treasury.
No. 11.
Navy Department,
December 16, 1846.
Commodore: Your despatch dated t.t Tampico, November 17th
ultimo, is received.
It seems proper, to meet your wishes, that I instruct you more
fully on the subject of the import and export trade of that port.
In my letter of the 30th November ultimo, I informed you that
your duty in regard to commercial intercourse with Tampico,
while in our occupation by military conquest, will be regulated by
the directions given in regard to Matamoras. Copies of the in-
structions of the Treasury Department on that subject were en-
closed.
You will perceive that the privilege of entry is confined —
1. To American vessels only.
2. To such vessels carrying only articles of the growth, produce,
or manufacture of the United States, or of imports from foreign
countries to our own, upon which the duties have been fully paid
in a collection district of the United States, with proper clearances
from the officers of the customs of the United States; and upon all
such goods, whether of our own or of foreign countries, no duties
will be chargeable at the port of Tampico so long as it is in the
possession of the United States.'
17
258 Ex, Doc. No. 60.
Beyond this it is not deemed proper, by »the President, that
vessels or cargoes of other nations shall be admitted.
But, in the spirit of accommodation to neutral commerce, the
Secretary of the Treasury will, without delay, authorize clearances
for Tarapico of foreign cargoes in American bottoms to be
granted at our custom-houses on payment of duties, and without
unlading.
In regard to the export trade, vessels thus admitted to entry
at Tampico may take out return cargoes of the property of
citizens of the United States, or neutrals, without payment of any
export duty; and the British steamer or national vessels of war
may, without obstruction, be permitted to export specie, the pro-
perty of neutrals. Such export should rather be encouraged,
because it promotes the interests of general commerce, and with-
draws from Mexico means which might be seized on to aid our
enemy in prosecution of the war.
You will, if you are still in military command at Tampico, make
the substance of this despatch publicly known as the regulation of
the trade of the place while in the military occupation of the
United States. If you shall have turned over the command to the
army officer commanding, you will furnish him with a copy of this
despatch. The honorable Secretary of War will immediately com-
municate with him.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant.
J. Y. MASON.
Com. David Connor,
Comm^ng U, S, naval forces, Gulf of Mexico.
No. 12.
Flag Ship Levant,
M sea, July 31, 1846.
Sir; I have the honor to report that on the 7th June I received,
at Mazatlan, information that the Mexican troops, six or seven
thousand strong, had, by order of the Mexican government, invaded
the territory of the United States north of the Rio Grande, and
had attacked the forces under General Taylor, and that the squad-
ron of the United States were blockading the coast of Mexico on
the gulf.
These hostilities I considered would justify my commencing
offensive operations on the west coast; I therefore sailed on the
8th, in the Savannah, for the coast of California, to carry out the
orders of the department of the 24th June, 1845, leaving the War-
ren at Mazatlan, to bring me any despatches or important informa-
tion that might reach there. I arrived at Monterey on the 2d of
July, where I found the Cyane and Levant, and learned that the
Portsmouth was at Sa'n Francisco, to which places they had been
previously ordered to await further instructions.
On the morning of the 7th, having previously examined the
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 259
defences and localities of the town, I sent Captain Mervine with
the accompanying summons (A) to the military commandant of
Monterey, requiring him to surrender the place forthwith to the
forces of the United States under my command. At 9h. 30m. a.
m., I received his reply, (B) stating he was not authorized to sur-
render the place, and referred me to the commanding general of
California, Don Jose Castro.
Every arrangement having been made the day previous, the
necessary force (about 250 seamen and marines) was immediately
embarked in the boats of the squadron, and landed at 10 o'clock,
under cover of the guns of the ships, with great promptitude and
good order, under the immediate command of Captain Wm. Mer-
vine, assisted by Commander H. N. Page, as second.
The forces were immediately formed and marchetl to the custom-
house, where my proclamation to the inhabitants of California (C)
was read, the standard of the United States hoisted, amid three
hearty cheers of thi' troops and foreigners present, and a salute of
21 guns fired by all the ships. Immediately afterwards, the proc-
lamation, both in English and Spanish, was posted up about the
town, and two justices of the peace appointed to preserve order
and punish delinquencies, the alcades declining to serve.
Previous to landing, the accompanying " General Order" (D)
was read to the crews of all the ships, and I am most happy to
state that I feel confident that the inhabitants of Monterey, and all
other places where our forces have appeared, will do them and
myself the justice to say that not the least depredation or slightest
insult or irregularity has been committed, from the moment of our
landing until my departure.
Immediately after taking possession of Monterey, I despatched
a courier to General Castro, the military commandant of California,
with i letter (E) and a copy of my proclamation, to which I
received a reply, (F.) On the 9th, I despatched a letter, (G.) by
courier, to Seiior Don Pio Pico, the governor, at Santa Barbara.
On the 16th of July I despatched orders, by sea, to Commander
Montgomery, to take immediate possession of the bay of San Fran-
cisco, &c. ; and, on the 7th, a duplicate of that order, by landj
which he received on the evening of the 8th; and at 7 a. m., of
the 9th, he hoisted the flag at San Francisco, read and posted up
my proclamation, and took possession of that part of the country
in the name of the United States.
« «: * * # # * *
On the 23d, my health being such as to prevent ray attending to
so much, and such laborious duties, I directed Commodore Stock-
ton to assume the command of the forces and operations on shore;
and, on the 29th, having determined to return to the United States
via Panama, I hoisted my broad pendant on board the Levant and
sailed for Mazatlan and Panama, leaving the remainder of the
squadron under his command, believing that no further opposition
would be made to our taking possession of the whole of the Cali-
fornias, (as General Castro had less than one hundred men,) and
that I could render much more important service by returning to
260 ^ Ex. Doc. No. 60.
the United States with the least possible delay, to explain to the
government the situation and wants of that country, than I could
by remaining in command in my infirm state of health.
Hoping the course I have pursued will meet the approbation of
the department, I have the honor to be, most respectfully, your
obedient servant, &c.,
JOHN D. SLOAT.
Hon. George Bancroft,
Secretary of the JVauy, Washington^ D. C.
United States Ship Savannah,
Monterey^ July 7, 1846.
Sir : The central government of Mexico, having commenced
hostilities against the United States of America, the two nations
are now actually at war. In consequence, I call upon you, in the
name of the United States of America, to surrender forthwith to
the arms of that nation, under my command, the forts, military
post?, and stations under your command, together with all
troops, arms, munitions of war, aad public property of every
description under your control and jurisdiction in California.
The immediate compliance with this summons will probably
prevent the sacrifice of human life and the horrors of war, which I
most anxiously desire to avoid.
JOHN D. SLOAT,
Commander-in-chief of the United States
naval forces in the Pacific ocean.
To the Military Commandant
of Monterey.
B.
[Translation.]
MILITARY COxMMANDANCY OF MONTEREY.
The undersigned, captain of artillery in the Mexican army and
military commandant of this post, represents to the Senior commo-
dore of the naval forces of the United States in this bay that he is
not authorized to surrender the place, having no orders to that
effect; for the said matter may be arranged by the Senoj commo-
dore with the commandant general, to whom I transmitted the
communication delivered to me for the said Seilor, the undersigned
withdrawing and leaving the town peaceful and without a soldier;
Ex. Doc. No. 60, 261
nor, according to information from the treasurer, is there any pub-
blic property or munitions.
With which the note of the Senor commodore is answered, and
tendering him my respects.
MARIANO SILVA.
God and liberty ! Monterey, June [July] 7th, 1846.
Senor Commodore
of the naval forces of the U. 5., in this bay.
To the inhabitants of California :
The central government of Mexico having commenced hostilities
against the United States of America, by invading its territory
and attacking the troops of the United States stationed on the
north side of the Rio Grande, and with a force of seven thousand
men under the command of General Arista, which army was totally
destroyed, and all their artillery, baggage, &c., captured- on the
8th and 9th of May last, by a force of two thousand three hundred
men under the command of General Taylor, and the city of Mata-
moras taken and occupied by the forces of the United States, and
the two nations being actually at war by this transaction, I shall
hoist the standard of the United States at Monterey immediately,
and shall carry it throughout California,
I declare to the inhabitants of California that, although I come
in arms with a powerful force, I do not come among them as an
enemy to California : on the contrary, I come as their best friend,
as henceforward California will be a portion of the United States,
and its peaceful inhabitants will enjoy the same rights and privi-
leges they now enjoy, together with the privilege of choosing their
own magistrates and other officers, for the administration of justice
among themselves, and the same protection will be extended to
them as to any other State in the Union. They will also enjoy a
permanent government, under which life, property, and the con-
stitutional right and lawful security to worship the Creator in the
way most congenial to each one's sense of duty, will be secured,
which, unfortunately, the central government of Mexico cannot
afford them, destroyed as her resources are by internal factions
and corrupt officers, who create constant revolutions to promote
their own interests and oppress the people. Under the flag of the
United States, California will be free from all such troubles and
expense; consequently, the country will rapidly advance and im-
prove both in agriculture and commerce, as, of course, the revenue
laws will be the same in California as in all other parts of the
United States, affording them all manufactures and produce of the
United States free of any duty, and all foreign goods at one-
<juarter of the duty they now pay. A great increase in the value
of real estate and the products of California may also be anticipated.
262 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
With the great interest and kind feelings I know the government
and people of the United States possess tcM'ards Uie citizens of
California, the country cannot but improve more rapidly than any
other on the continent of America.
Such of the inhabitants of California, whether native or foreign-
ers, as may not be disposed to accept the high privileges of citizen-
ship, and to live peaceably under the government of the United
States, will be allowed time to dispose of their property, and to
remove out of the country, if they choose, without any resiriction ;
or remain in it, observing strict neutrality.
With full confidence in the honor and integrity of the inhabi-
tants of the country, I invite the judges, alcaldes, and other civil
officers, to retain their offices, and to execute their functions as
heretofore, that the public tranquility may not be disturbed; at
least, until the government of the Territory can be more definitely
arranged.
All persons holding titles to real estate, or in quiet possession of
lands under a color of right, shall have those titles and rights
guarantied to them.
All churches, and the property they contain, in possession of the
clergy of California, shall continue in the same rights and posses-
sions they now enjoy.
All provisions and supplies of every kind, furnished by the in-
habitanis for the use of the United States ships and soldiers, will be
paid for at fair rates; and no private property will be taken for
public use without just compensation at the moment.
JOHN D. SLOAT,
Commander-in-chief of the United States
' naval forces in the Pacific ocean.
D.
GENERAL ORDER.
Flag Ship Savannah, July 7, 1846.
We are about to land on the Territory of Mexico, with whom
the United States are at war. To strike her flag, and to hoist our
own in the place of it, is our duty.
It is not only our duty to take California, but to preserve it
afterwards as a part of the United States, at all hazards. To ac-
complish this, it is of the first importance to cultivate the good
opinion of the inhabitants, whom we must reconcile.
I scarcely consider it necessary for me to caution American sea-
men and marines against the detestable crime of plundering and
maltreating unoffending inhabitants.
That no one may misunderstand- his duty, the following regula-
tions must be strictly adhered to, as no violation can hope to es-
cape the severest punishment:
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 263
1st. On landing, no man is to leave the shore until the command-
ing officer gives the order to march.
2d. No gun is to be fired, or other act of hostility committed,
without express orders from the officer commanding the party.
3d. The officers and boat keepers will keep their respective boats
as close to the shore as they will safely float, ta'<ing care they do
not lay aground, and remain in them, prepared to defend themselves
against attack, and attentively watch for signals from the ships, as
well as from the party on shore.
4th. No man is to quit the ranks or to enter any house for any
pretext whatever, without express orders from an officer. Let
every man avoid insult or offence to any unoffending inhabitant,
and especially avoid that eternal disgrace which would be attached
to our names and our country's name by indignity offered to a
single female, even let her standing be however low it may.
5th. Plunder of every kind is strictly forbidden. Not only does
the plundering of the smallest article from a prize forfeit all claim
to prize money, but the offender must expect to be severely pun-
ished.
6th. Finally, let me entreat you, one and all, not to tarnish our
hope of bright success by any act that we shall be ashamed toac-
knowledge before God and our country.
JOHN D. SLOAT,
Commander-in-chief of the U. S. naval forces
in the Pacific ocean.
E.
United States Ship Savannah,
Monterey, July 7, 1846.
Sir: The central government of Mexico having commenced hos-
tilities against the United States of America, the two nations are
now actually at war. In consequence, I call upon you, in the
name of the United States of America, to surrender forthwith to
the arms of that nation under my command, together with all
troops, arms, munitions of war, and public property of every de-
scription under your control and jurisdiction in California.
The immediate compliance with this summons will probably pre-
vent the sacrifice of human life and the horrors of war, which I
most anxiously desire to avoid.
I hereby invite you to meet me immediately in Monterey, to
enter into aiticles of capitulation, that yourself, officers, and
soldiers, with the inhabitants of California, may receive assurances
of perfect safety to themselves and property.
JOHN D. SLOAT,
Commander-in-chief of the U. S. naval forces
in the Pacific ocean,
Senor Don Jose Castro,
Commandant General, California.
264 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
F.
[Translation.] i
COMMANDANCY GENERAL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF CALIFORNIA.
The undersigned, commandant general of Upper California, has
the honor to represent to the Senor commander-in-chief of the
naval forces of the United States in the Pacific ocean, now in Mon-
terey, that a band of adventurers, headed by Mr. J. C. Fremont, a
captain in the army of the United States, forcibly took possession
of the post of Sonoma, hoisting an unknown flag, making prisoners
of the chiefs and officers who were there, and committing assassi-
nations and every kind of injury to the lives and property of the
inhabitants there. The undersigned is ignorant to what govern-
ment belong the invaders of that part of the department, and a
party of them who are in the neighborhood of Santa Clara; and as
he cannot believe that they belong to the forces commanded by the
said Senor Commodore, he wi:l be obliged to him if he will be
pleased to make him an explanation on this subject, in order that
he may act in conformity with his reply, for neither the under-
signed, nor a single citizen of the country, will permit excesses of
any kind to be committed by these bands.
God and Liberty !
JOSE CASTRO.
To the Senor Commander-in-chief
of the. naval forces of the United States
in the Pacific ocean ^ in Monterey.
Head-quarters, San Juan de Bavtista,
July 9, 1846.
G.
Flag Ship Savannah,
Bay of Mo?iterey, July 9, 1846.
I have the honor to enclose, herewith, to your excellency, co-
pies of my summons to General Castro to surrender the country,
&c., under his jurisdiction, to the United States forces under my
command, together with a copy of my proclamation to the inhab-
itants of California, and the general order issued to the forces un-
der my command just previous to my landing; and I assure your
excellency that not the least impropriety has been committed, and
that the business and social intercourse of the town have not been
disturbed in the slightest degree.
I beg your excellency to feel assured that although I come in
arms with a powerful force, I come as the best friend of California;
and I invite your excellency to meet me at Monterey, that I may
satisfy you and the people of California of the fact.
I pledge the word and honor of an American officer that your ex-
Ex. Doc; No. 60. 265
cellency will be received ^ith all the respect due to your distin-
guished situation; and that you can depart at any moment you may
think proper, and feel every confidence that an American officer
expects when his word of honor is pledged.
I have already employed all the means in my power to stop the
sacrifice of human life by the party in the north, and trust I shall
succeed, provided there is no further opposition.
I tender your excellency my cordial respect and high considera-
tion.
JOHN D. SLOAT,
Commander-in-chief of the United States naval forces
in the Pacific ocean^ and of the Territory of California,
To his Excellency Sr. Don Pio Pico,
Angeles.
No. 13.
ClUDAD DE LOS AngELES,
August 28, 1846.
Sir: You have already been informed of my having, on the 23d
of July, assumed the command of the United States forces on the
west coast of Mexico. I. have now the honor to inform you that
the flag of the United States is flying from every commanding posi-
tion in the Territory of California, and that this rich and beautiful
country belongs to the United States, and is forever free from Mex-
ican dominion.
On the day after I took this command, I organized the " Califor-
nia battalion of mounted riflemen" by the appointment of all the
necessary officers, and received them as volunteers into the service
of the United States. Captain Fremont was appointed major, and
Lieutenant Gillespie captain, of the battalion.
The next day they were embarked on board the sleop-of-war
Cyane, Commander Dupont, and sailed from Monterey for San Di-
ego, that they might be landed to the southward of the Mexican
forces, amounting to 500 men, under General Castro and Governor
Pico, and who were well fortified at the " Camp of the Mesa,"
three miles from this city.
A few days after the Cyane left, I sailed in the Congress for San
Pedro, the port of entry for this department, and thirty miles from
this place, where I landed with my gallant sailor army, and marched
directly for the redoubtable "Camp of the Mesa."
But when we arrived within twelve miles of the camp, General
Castro broke ground and run for the city of Mexico. The governor
of the territory, and the other principal officers, separated in dif-
ferent parties, and ran away in different directions.
Unfortunately, the mounted riflemen did not get up in time to
head them off. We "have since, however, taken most of the princi-
pal officers; the rest will be permitted to remain quiet at home,
under the restrictions contained in my proclamation of the 17th.
266 Ex. Doc. No. 60]
On the 13th of Augnst, having been joifled by Major Fremont
with about eighty riflemen, and Mr, Larkin, late American consul,
we entered this famous " City of the Angels," the capital of the
CaliforniaSj and took unmolested possession of the government
house.
Thus, in less than a month after I assumed the command of the
United States force in California, we have chased the Mexican
army more than three hundred miles along the coasi; pursued them
thirty miles in the interior of their own country; routed and dis-
persed them, and secured the Territory to the United States; ended
the war; restored peace and harmony among the people; and put
a civil government into successful operation.
The Warren and Cyane sailed, a few days since, to blockade the
west coast of Mexico, south of San Diego; and having almost finished
my work here, I will sail in the Congress as soon as the store-ship
arrives, and I can get supplied with provisions, on a cruise for the
protection of our commerce; and dispose of the other vessels as
most effectually to attain that object, and, at the same time, to keep
the southern coast strictly blockaded.
When I leave the Territory, I will appoint Major Fremont to be
governor, and Lieutenant Gillespie to be secretary.
I enclose you several papers, marked from 1 to 14 inclusive., in-
including this letter and the first number of the " Californian," by
which you will see what sort of a government I have established,
and how I am proceeding.
I have not time to specify individual merit; but I cannot omit
to say that I do not think that ardent patriotism and indomitable
courage have ever been more evident than amongst the officers
and men, 360 in number, from the frigate Congress, who accom-
panied me on this trying and hazardous march — a longer march,
perhaps, than has ever been made in the interior of a country by
sailors, after an enemy. I would likewise say, that the conduct of
the officers and men of the whole squadron has been praiseworthy.
I have received your despatch of the 13th of May, and at the
same time a Mexican account of the proceedings of Congress,
and the President's proclamation, by the United States ship
Warren, from Mazatlan.
Faithfully, your obedient servant,
R. F. STOCKTON.
To the Hon. George Bancroft,
Secretary of the J^avy, Washington^ B.C.
No. 3.
To the people of California:
On my approach to this place with the forces under my com-
mand, Jose Castro, the commandant 'general of California, buried
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 257
his artillery and abandoned his fortified camp ''of the Mesa," and
fled, it is believed, towards Mexico.
With the sailors, the marines, and the California battalion of
mounted riPieraen, we entered the "City of the Angels," the
capital of California, on the 13ih of August, and hoisted the
North American flag.
The flag of the United States is now flying from every command-
ing position in the Territory, and California is entirely free from
Mexican dominion.
The Territory of California now belongs to the United States,
and will be governed, as soon as circumstances will permit, by
officers and laws similar to those by which the other Territories of
the United States are regulated and protected.
But, until the governor, the secretary, and council are appointed,
and the various civil departments of the government are arranged,
military law will prevail, and the commander-in-chief will be the'
governor and protector of the Territory.
In the mean time the people will be permitted, and are now re-
quested, to meet in their several towns and departments, at such
time and place as they may see fit, to elect civil officers to fill the
places of those who decline to continue in office, and to administer
the laws according to the former usages of the Territory. In all
cases where the people fail to elect, the commander-in-chief and
governor will make the appointments himself.
All persons, of whatever religion or nation, who faithfully ad-
here to the new government, will be considered as citizens of the
Territory, and will be zealously and thoroughly protected in the
liberty of conscience, their persons, and property.
No persons will be permitted to remain in the Territory who do
not agree to support the existing government; and all military
men who desire to remain are required to take an oath that they
will not take up arms against it, or do or say anything to disturb
its peace.
Nor will any persons, come from where they may, be permitted
to settle in the Territory, who do not pledge themselves to be, in
all respects, obedient to the laws which may be from time to time
enacted by the proper authorities of the Territory.
All persons who, without special permission, are found with
arms outside of their own houses, will be considered as enemies,
and will be shipped out of the country.
All thieves will be put to hard labor on the public works, and
there kept until compensation is made for the property stolen.
The California battalion of mounted riflemen will be kept in the
service of the Territory, and constantly on duty, to prevent and
punish any aggressions by the Indians, or any other persons, upon
the property of individuals, or the peace of the Territory; and
California shall hereafter be so governed and defended as to give
security to the inhabitants, and to defy the power of Mexico.
All persons are required, as long as the Territory is under mar-
268 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
tial law, to be within their houses from 10 o'clock at night until
sunrise in the morning.
R. F. STOCKTON,
Commander-in-chief and Governor of
_ the Territory of California.
ClUDAD DE LOS AnGELES,
August 17, 1846.
No. 5.
To the people of California:
On the 15th day of September, 1846, an election will be held in
tne several towns and districts of California, at the places and
Hours at which such elections have usually been holden, for the
purpose of electing the alcaldes and other municipal officers for
one year.
In those places where alcaldes have been appointed by the pre-
sent government, they will hold the election.
In places where no alcaldes have been appointed by the present
government, the former alcaldes are authorized and required to
noJd the election.
Given under my hand this twenty-second day of August, anno
IJomini one thousand eight hundred and forty-six, at the govern-
ment house, " Ciudad de los Angeles."
R. F. STOCKTON,
Commander-in-chief and Governor of
the Territory of California.
No. 6.
I, Robert F. Stockton, commander-in-chief of the United States
forces in the Pacific ocean, and governor of the Territory of Cali-
fornia, and commander-in-chief of the army of the same, do hereby
make known to all men that, having by right of conquest taken
possession of that Territory, known by the name of Upper and
Lower California, do now declare it to be a Territory of the United
States, under the name of the Territory of California.
And I do by these presents further order and decree that the gov-
ernment of the said Territory of California shall be, until altered
by the proper authority of the United States, constituted in manner
and form as follows — that is to say:
The executive power and authority in and over the said Territory
shall be vested in a governor, who shall hold his office for four
years, unless sooner removed by the President of the United States.
The governor shall reside within the said Territory; shall be com-
mander-in-chief of the army thereof; shall perform the duties and
receive the emoluments of superintendent of Indian affairs, and shall
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 269
approve of all laws passed by the legislative council before they
shall take effect,. He may grant pardons for offences against the
laws of the said Territory, and reprieves for offences against the
laws of the United States, until the decision of the President can
be made known thereon: he shall commission all officers who shall
be appointed to office under the laws of the said Territory, and shall
take care that the laws be faithfully executed.
There shall be a secretary of the said Territory, who shall reside
therein, and hold his office for four years, unless sooner removed
by the President of the United States. He shall record and pre-
serve all the laws and proceedings of the legislative council herein-
after constituted, and all the acts and proceedings of the governor
in his executive department. He shall transmit one copy of the
laws and one copy of the executive proceedings, on or before the
first Monday in December in each year, to the President of the
United States; and, at the same time, two copies of the laws to the
Speaker of the House of Representatives, for the use of Congress.
And, in case of the death, removal, resignation, or necessary ab-
sence of the governor from the Territory, the secretary shall have-
and he is hereby authorized and required to execute and perform
all the powers and duties of the governor, during such vacancy or
necessary absence.
The legislative power shall be vested in the governor and legis-
lative council. The legislative council shall consist of seven per-
sons, who shall be appointed by the governor for two years; after
which they shall be annually elected by the people.
The power of the legislative council of the Territory shall extend
to all rightful subjects of legislation; but no law shall be passed
interfering with the primary disposal of the soil; no tax shall be
imposed upon the property of the United States; nor shall the land
or property of non-residents be taxed higher than the lands or other
property of residents.
All the laws of the legislative council shall be submitted to, and,
if disapproved by, the governor, the same shall be null and of no
effeet.
The municipal officers of cities, towns, departments or districts,
heretofore existing in the Territory, shall continue to exist, and all
their proceedings be regulated and controlled by the laws of Mexico
• until otherwise provided for by the governor and legislative coun-
cil.
All officers of cities, towns, departments or districts, shall be
elected every year by the people, in such manner as may be pro-
vided by the governor and legislative council.
The legislative council of the Territory of California shall hold
its first session at such time and place in said Territory as the gov-
ernor thereof shall appoint and direct; and at said session, or as
soon thereafter as may by them be deemed expedient, the said gov-
ernor and legislative council shall proceed to locate and establish
the seat of government for said Territory, at such place as they
may deem eligible; which place, however, shall thereafter be subject
to be changed by the said governor and legislative council, and the
270 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
time and place of the annual commencement of the session of the
said legislative council thereafter shall be.on such day a.id place as ,
the governor and council may appoint.
No. 7.
[Cironlar,]
From this date, August the 15th, 1846, the tonnage duties on all
foreign vessels arriving in the ports of California will be fifty cents
per ton.
And the duties on all goods imported from foreign ports will be
fifteen per cent., " ad valorem," payable in three instalments of 30,
80, and 120 days.
R. F. STOCKTON,
Commander-in-chief and Governor of the
Territory of California.
No. 8.
CiuDAD DE LOS Angeles, August 15, 1846.
Sir: It has been deemed advisable to adopt the enclosed tariff
of duties.
To ascertain the true value of the goods in the ports at which they
are entered, two judicious and disinterested persons must be ap-
pointed to make the appraisement; one selected by the government,
the other by the party owning the goods.
Bonds with good security must be given for the payment of the
duties.
Faithfully, your obedient servant,
R. F. STOCKTON,
Commander-in-chief and Governor of the.
Territory of California.
No. 14.
Extracts from a despatch of Commodore D. Connor j dated " Before
Tarnpicoj Movember 17, 1846."
* * * * "On approaching the town, a depu-
tation from the ayuntamiento of the city came on board the flotilla,
with proposals for its surrender, which are herewith enclosed, with
conditions upon which its surreniler was accepted by Commanders
Tatnall and Ingrahara, under my instructions."
* * * * u£ transmit, herewith, copies of
communcations from the English consul at Tampico, and the com-
Ex. Doc. No. 60, 271
raander of H. M, sloop Daring, in relation to British interests in
that city. I have stated in my replies^that, at present, no relax-
ation in the rules of the hlockade already established can be made,
and that the port will remain closed to all neutral nations, as here-
tofore. On these matters, as well as in regard to the continued
shipment of treasure from this place, on the account of English
merchants, in the steam packet, I shall be glad to be made ac-
quainted with the views of the department."
U. S. Steamer Spitfire,
OJ^ the city of Tampico, JVovember 15, 1846,
Commodore Connor declines a capitulation with the authorities
of Tampico, as he considers it unnecessary.
He accepts the surrender of the city, and takes military pos-
session of it.
He assures the inhabitants, at the same time, that he will not in-
terfere with their municipal regulations, or their religion; and
that private property shall be respected, provided that the public
property of all kinds be delivered up at once, and in good faith.
Should an assault be made by the inhabitants of the city on the
American forces, the inhabitants will be held responsible for the
consequences.
Commodore Connor, so long as the authorities and inhabitants of
the city observe good faith towards him, will consider them under
his protection. A different course will expose them to serious
evils.
JOSIAH TATNALL,
Commander United States J^avy.
D. N. INGRAHAM,
Commander United States JYavy,
Approved:
D. CONNOR,
Commanding Home Squadron.
La coraision del ayuntamiento de Tampico acepta las garantiasque
por la precedente contestacionofrece a la Ciudad el Comadore
Connor, por conducto de los oficiales arriba firmados.
FRANCISCO CERVANTES,
Juan Jose de Layor,
Apolinar Marques,
272 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
CORRESPONDENCE WITH GENERAL TAYLOR.
MESSAGE
FROM THE
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES,
TRANSMITTING
The correspondence with General Taylor since the commencement of
hostilities with Mexico^ not already published.
' March 1, 1847.
Read, and laid upon the table.
To the House of Representatives of the United States:
1 communicate, herewith,.a report of the Secretary of War, with
the accompanying documents, in answer to the resolution of the
House of Representatives of the 1st instant, requesting the Pre-
sident "to communicate to the House of Representatives all the
correspondence with General Taylor since the commencement of
hostilities with Mexico, which has not yet been published, and the
publication of which may not be deemed detrimental to the
public service; also, the correspondence of the quartermaster
general, in relation to the transportation for General Taylor's
army; also, the reports of Brigadier Generals Hamar and Quit-
man of the operations of their respective brigades on the 21st of
of September last."
As some of these documents relate to military operations of our
forces which may not have been fully executed, I might have
deemed it proper to withhold parts of them, under the apprehension
that their publication, at this time, would be "detrimental to the
public service;" but I am satisfied that these operations are now so far
advanced, and that the enemy has already received so much infor-
mation from other souices in relation to the intended move^ients
of our army, as to render this precaution unnecessary.
JAMES K. POLK.
Washington, February 27, 1847.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 273
War Department, February 27, 1847.
Sir: Pursuant to your direction, I have caused to be copied, and
herewith transmit to you, the correspondence called for by the
resolutioa of the House of Representatives, passed the 1st of this
month.
The docunients are numerous, and an attempt has been made so
to arrange them as to bring together letters relating to the same
subjects; but it has been found impracticable to carry this out to
the fullest extent. In regard to the correspondence with General
Taylor, from one to two months usually intervened between the
date of the letters written by and to him, and the receipt of the
answers; and, within that period, several other letters, upon dif-
ferent subjects, were sent and received. Had a strictly chronolo-
gical order of the correspondence been observed in the arrangement,
many different subjects would have been introduced between the
letters and the replies to them. An attempt has been made to bring
together the letters and the replies, and it has been done to a con-
siderable extent, in regard to those which have reference to the
campaign and to military movements. Those which relate to trans-
portation have also been brought together, as far as practicable.
Among the letters embraced in the call, several merely formal —
such, for instance, as enclosed returns, proceedings of courts-mar-
tial, &c. — have not been copied; but the dates are given, and their
contents briefly stated, in the accompanying synopsis.
In the correspondence of the quartermaster's department, in re-
ference to transportation, only letters and parts of letters relating^
particularly to that subject have been selected.
In answer to that part of the resolution which calls "for the re-
ports of Brigadier Generals Hamar and Quitman of the operations
of their respective brigades on the 21st of September last," I have
the honor to state, that no such reports have been received at this
department, nor has any other reports from these generals been re-
ceived, except those of the 28th of that month, which have been
already published.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient ser-
vant,
W. L. MARCY.
The President of the United States.
18
21i Ex. Doc. No. 60.
SYNOPSIS OF CORRESPONDENCE
Letters from the Secretary of War to General Taylor.
1846 May 13. — Transmits proclamation of the existence of a state of war.
jyiay 23 —Calls of General Gaines for voluntee;s recognised to a certain extent.
May 28.— Disposition to be made of the troops called out by General Gaines.
jyiay 30.— Assigning General Taylor to duty as brevet major general, and encloeiisgf
copy of letter to General Taylor from the President. -
June 4.— Sends proclamation in the Spanish language.
Letters from General Taylor.
1846, April 26, (No. 30.)— Reports arrival of Arista; an afiiiir of cavalry, in which a party
of dragoons is cut off; has called for volunteers.
April 30, (No. 31.)— Encloses descriptive rolls and acknowledges orders. [Not
copied.]
May 3, (No. 32.) — Reports demonstration of the enemy on the left bank of the Rio
Grande; movement of the main army to Point Isabel; encloses reports of Captains
Thornton and Hardee; reports surprise of a camp of rangers; encloses sketch of
posit.ion opposite Mataraoras.
May 5, (No. 33.)— Reports result of cannonade against the field work opposite Mat-
araoras; Major Brown's report; is awaiting at Point Isabel the arrival of recruits,
when he shall assume offensive operations.
May 7, (No. 34.) — Shall march to open communication with Major Brown; arrival
of recruits; four companies 1st infantry and volunteers expected.
May 9, (No. 35.) — Reports the action of Palo Alto.
May 9, (No. 36.) — Reports the action of Resaca de la Palma.
May 12, (No. 37.) — Has come to Point Isabel to have an interview with Commodore
Connor; shall invest Matamoras; death of Major Ringgold and Lieutenant Blake;
statement of killed and wounded; has exchanged some prisoners.
May 16, (No. 38.) — Detailed report of the action of Palo Alto. [Published in Sen-
ate document No. 388, 1st session 29th Congress; not here copied.
May 17, (No. 39 ) — Detailed report of the battle of Resaca de la Palma. [Published
in Senate document No. 388, 1st session 29th Congress; not here copied.]
May 18, No. 40) — Reports occupation of Matamoras; retreat of Arista's army.
May 19, (No. 41.) — Encloses report of Iwrnbardment of Fort Brown. [Published ia
Senate document No. 388, 1st session 29ih Congress; not here copied.]
May 20, (No. 42.) — In relation to the great number of volunteers on iheir way from
New Orleans — beyond 2,500; not required by him; fears they may have exhausted
the supply of tents in New Orleans for regulars; asks that one thousand tents be
sent from the north.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 275
S846, May 21, (No. 43.) — Solicits further instructions; rennarks upon the navi<rability of the
Rio Grande; Has detached cavalry in puctuit of Arista's army; expects General
Smith's column from Barita.
May 24, (No. 44.) — Arrival of General Smith with battalion of 1st infantry and one
regiment of volunteers; Lieutenant Colonel Garland has returned from pursuing the
enemy; solicits instructions as to disposition of part of General Arista's baggage.
May 26. — Distribution of clothing [Not copied.]
May 29, (No. 4.t.) — Encloses returns of the army. [Not copied.] •
May 29; (No. 46.) — Relative to the relief of Captain Waggaman; declines relieving
bim.
May 30, (No. 47 ) — Answers a call relative to deserters.
June 2, (No. 48.) — Relative to tlie muster-roll of Captain Gillespie's company; had
given instructions about mustering volanteers; difficulty of communicating with
San Antonio; has authorized a call for auxiliary force on the governor of Texas by
Colonel Harney.
June 3, (No. 49.) — Return of troops; is detained for the want of the means of trans-
portation; last intelligence of Arista; ordnance, &c., found in Matamoras.
June 7, (No. 50.) — Return of the army; intelligence from the, interior; awaits water
transportation to push forward a depot to Camargo.
June 24, (Nos. 53 and 54.) — 'Arrival of volunteers; intelligence from the interior.
Letters from the Secretary of War to General Taylor.
m
1846, June 26. — Embarrassment caused by the call of General Gaines for troops.
July 1, (No. 57) — From General Taylor, in relation to volunteers enrolled for less
than twelve months; asks permission to retain them.
August 3. — In relation to the retention of' six-months' men, (from the Secretary of
War.)
Letters from General Taylor.
1846, July 16, (No. 60.) — Relative to the obligation of Louisiana volunteers to serve more
than three months.
July 22, (No. 64.) — Acknowledges instructions relative to the discharge of volunteers,
and reports measures for their execution.
July 25, (No. 65.) — Return of volunteer force; adverts to the case of Alabama volua-
teers, which he has ordered to be^ mustered out of service in Mobile.
July 31, (No. 70.) — Position of volunteers from Texas; necessity of retaining them
beyond three months; regiments of Kentucky and Tennessee horse will not arrive
in time.
August 31, (No 82.) — 'Relating to volunteer regiments, and some detached companies
from Texas and Louisiana.
' Letter from the Secretary of War to General Taylor.
1846, June 8.— Relative to conducting the war. . . »
Letter from General Scott to General Taylor.
1846, June 12.— Gener-tl instructions in relation to his asiijnment to the ch'ef command of
the army in inexico, and the enumeration of foiC3 sent to him, &<?., with a copy of
a letter of instructions to General Wool, &c.
276 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Letters from General Taylor.
1846, Jane 26, (No. 56.) — Acknowledges communications from the Secretary of War of
28thj 29th and 30th May, [with letter from the President,] and 4th and 8th of June.
July 2, (No. 58.) — His views on the subject of operations against the interior, ineU'
swer to communications of the 28th of May and 8th of June.
• Letter from the Secretary of War,
1846, July 9. — Plan of campaign, &c.
Letter from General Taylor to the President.
1846, August 1. — His views in regard to operations, in answer to letter of 9th of July.
Letters from Secretary of War.
1846, September 2. — Intention to make a descent on Tampico; [intercepted by the enemy. 3
September 22. — Change of instructions in relation to^^operations.
Letters from General Taylor.
1846, September 25, (No. 91.)— Capitulation of Monterey.
October 12, (No. 96.)— Acknowledges despatches of the 22d September,
October 15, (No. 98.) — His views on the general subject of the campaign and war,
• in answer to the letter of the 22d September; adverts to instructions to General
Patterson.
October 26, (No. 100.)— Further reply to the letter^of 22d September from the Secre-
tary of War.
Letters from the Secretary of War to Generals Taylor and Patterson,
1846, October 13. — Directing that the armistice shall cease, and in relation to the opera-
tions of the war.
Letters from General Taylor.
1846, November 3, (No. 105.) — Acknowledges the receipt of the despatch of 13th October.
November 8, (No. 107.) — Replies to despatch of 13th October, relative to armis-
tice.
November 8, (No. 108.) — Has notified the Mexican general of the conclusion of the
armistice; shall occupy Saltillo; adverts to the position of General Wool; has taken
the first step towards an expedition to Tampico.
Letters from the Secretary of War.
1846, October 22. — Instructions in regard to operations.
October 22. — Major McLane, bearer of despatches.
October 29. — Forwards copy of letter to General Patterson.
November 25. — Encloses copy of letter of the 2d September, and relates to operations
on the gulf coast. General Scott has been directed to repair tothe seat of war.
November 23, — Directing General Scott in regard to operations.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 277
.September 12. — Letter from General Scott applying for the command of the army in
Mexico.
September 14. — From the Secretary of War in reply.
November 25. — From General Scott to General Taylor, announcing his assignment to
command. ,
November 25. — From the Secretary of War to General Taylor, sending a copy of a
letter received by Commodore Conner from a reliable som"ce.
Letters from^General Taylor.
1846, November 12, (No. 110.)— His views in answer to the despatch of the 22d October.
November 16. — Acknowledging communications. [Not copied.]
N(»rember 24, (No. 113.)— Occupation of Saltillo, and disposition of General Wool.
November 26, (No. 114.) — Occupation of Tampico.
November 30, (No. 115.)— Sends return of troops. [Not copied.]
December 1, (No. 116.)— Sends muster rolls. [Not copied.]
December 2, (No. 117.)— Sends pension certificates. [Not copied.]
Decembers, (No. 121.)— Arrangements for the defence of the line occupied by the
army.
December 14, (No. 122.)— Departure of troops for Victoria; calls attention to the va-
rious interferences of his plans and orders; letter from General Patterson, 8th De-
cember, 1846.
December 22, (No. 123.)— Return of force from Monterey in consequence of intelli-
gence from the frontier ; measures taken to reinforce General Worth ; shall march
again for Victoria ; correspondence with Santa Anna.
December 26, (No. 124.) — Arrives at Montemorelos ; shall march for Victoria on the
27th ; intelligence from the interior.
December 26, (No. 125.) — Acknowledges communications ; capture of Tampico ; con-
fusion and embayassment have resulted from the correspondence with General Pat-
terson by the department.
1847, January 7, (No. 1.) — Occupation of Victoria.
From the Secretary of War to General Taylor.
1847, "January 4.— Secretary of War to General Scott in relation to operations.
January 27.— On the subject of the publication of General Taylor's letter to General
Gaines.
1846, July 6.— Letter from the Secretaiy of War to General Taylor in relation to coratnerce
and trade with Matamoras.
July 11. — Calling for a list of officers for brevets. ,
July 27, (No. 66.)— General Taylor in reply.
Letters from the Secretary of War.
1846, July 17.— Transmits resolution of the State of Connecticut.
July 27.— Relative to a captive Mexican boy.
October 5.— On the subject of a medal voted by Congress to General Taylor
December 8.— From General Taylor in reply.
October 30.— Relative to communication from R. C. Hall in respect to thp death, 8cc. o f
an officer.
278 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Letters from General Taylor.
1846, June 25, (No. 55.)— Encloses proceedings of courts-martial. [Not copied.]
July 2. — Acknowledges comraunications. [Not copied.]
July 3, (No. 59.) — Supplies an omission in his report of the action of the 9th of May.
July 11, (JNo. 60.) — Arrival of boatsj commencement of movement to Caraargo.
July 16. — Acknowledges receipt of commission as brevet major general.
July 16, (No. 61.) — Encloses returns.
July 16, (No. 62.) — Encloses proceedings of court-martial. [Not copied.]
July 18, (No. 63.) — Encloses returns. [Notcopi^d.]
July 22, (No. 63.)— Occupation of Camirgo; regular course of moving, thither; diffi-
culty of throw;ing supplies up the river.
July 28, (No. 67.) — Reporte aciion in the case of a lieutenant in the army.*
July 29, (No. 68.) — Unauthorized proceedings of Colonel Harney in an expedition on
the Presidio.
July 30, (No. 69.) — Arrival and forward movement of twelve-months volunteers; dis-
charge of Louisiana vulunteers.
July 31. — Encloses muster rolls. [Not copied.]
August 1, (No. 71.) — Proceedings of court-martial; list of killed and wounded.
Augu.st 3, (No. 72.) — Statement of officers in the affairs of the 8th and 9th of May,
August 10, (No. 73.) — Ariived at Camargo; shall move by the 1st of September with
6,000 troops; valley of San Juan reconnoitred; Mier occupied.
August 14, (No. 74.) — Relative to Captain Taylor's company and its battery.
August 15, (No. 75.) — Copies of instructions to General Wool.
August 19, (No. 76.') — Forward movement of the 1st brigade to Serralvo.
August 23, (No. 77.) — Prcceedings of court-martial. [Not copied.]^
August 25, (No. 78.)— Intelligence from the interior; Paredes deposed; state of things
at Monterey; 2d brigade has marched; volunteers have been organized.
August 26, (No. 79.) — Sends papers relative to projected %novemcnt of the federal
party in the department of Tamaulipas, [the enclosures not copied, being confiden-
tial.]
^ " August 28, (No. 80.) — Suggests a clothing depot.
August 31, (No. 81.) — Proceedings of couft-martial. [Not copied.]
September 2, (No. 84.) — Scarcity of medical officers with the army, with a copy of
the Surgeon General's report of the 29th of July.
September 3, (No. 85.) — Organization of troops en route; is about to take the field;
no recent intelligence from the interior; state of things at San Antonio; General
Patterson will remain in command in rear.
September 4, (No. 88.) — Report from General Worth, giving intelligence from the in-
terior; sends proclamation of Ampudia.
September 12, (No. 87.) — Concentration of troops at Cerralvo; shall march on Mon
terey on the 13th; news from the interior.
September 17, (No. 88.) — Concentration of force at Marin; particulars of advance.
September 22, (No. 89.)— Reports operations before Monterey. [Published in Senat©
Doc. No. 1, 2d session 29th Congress; not here copied.
September 23, (No. 90.)— Operations of 22J and 23d. [Published in Senate Doc. No.
1, 2d session 29th Congress; not here copied.]
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 279
S846, September 28, (No. 92. — Departure of the enemy; reports from General Wool of the
15th of September.
October 6, (No. 93.) — Discharge of Texas mounted volunteers; 2d infantry ordered
forward.
October 9, {\o. 94.) — Detailed report of operations before Monterey. [Published ia
Senate Doc. No. 1, 2d session 29lh Congress; not here copied.]
October 11, (No. 95.) — Relative to a murder at Monterey,
October 13, (No. 97.) — Reports death of Lieutenant Graham, and refers to an inter°
cepted mail.
October 20, (No. 99.) — Acknowledges communications.
October 27, (No. 101.) — Intelligence from General Wool's column.
October 28, (No. 102.)— Reports death of Captain Ridgely.
November 2, (No. 103.) — Rejiorts death of Major Lear.
November 3, (No. 104.) — Report in case of disabled men; acknowledges commumca^
tions.
Novembers, (No. 106.) — Acknowledges communications with respect to Captain
Bragg.
November 10. — Acknowledges communications.
November 11, (No. 109.) — Proceedings of court-martial. [Not copied.]
November 16, (No. HI.) — Has taken possession of Saltillo.
November 16. — Acknowledges communications. [Not copied.]
November 23, (No. 112.) — Correspondence with Santa Anna.
December 3, (No. 118.) — Reports death of General Haraer.
Dopember 4, (No. 119 ) — Correspondence with Santa Anna; exchange of prisoners.
December 7, (No. 120.) — Return of troops. [Not copied.]
December 26, (No. 126.) — Colonel Croghan sent to Austin to muster in Texas regU
ment.
3(847, February 6. — Lettertof Adjutant General, with papers marked —
A. Letters fi-om Major General Scott to Major General Taylor.
B. Letters from Adjutant General to General Taylor.
C. Synopsis of ditto.
D. Orders issued by General Taylor.
E. Synopsis of ditto.
F. Special orders i&sued by General Taylor.
G. Synopsis of ditto.
Relative to transportation.
Memoranda for the chiefs of staff biu-eaus from Major General Scott, of the loth
and 18th of May, 1846.
** Letters from General Taylor.
584€, June 10, (No. 51.) — Refers to the great number of volunteers arriving at Point Isabel,
and the entire want of suitable transportation for a movement up the river.
July 1. — From the Secretary of War to General Taylor, in answer, with memoranda
of the Quartermaster General.
June 17, (No. 52) — From General Taylor ; no recent advices from general hcad=
quarters j failure in New Orleans to send out other means of transportation, or a
280 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
mail ; intelligence respecting the Mexican troops at Linares ; arrival of volunteers,
[not those under the act of 13th May ;] can do nothing with them for want of trans-
portation, and recommends that they return home ; has sent Captain McCulIoch
towards Linares.
June 5. — From Captain Sanders, of the engineer corps, to the Secretary of War ; re-
ports that he is sent as an agent by General Taylor to procure means of transpor-
tation.
June 24. — Quartermaster General to Captain Sanders, authorizing the purchase of
boats.
July 2. — Captain Sanders to Quaftermaster General ; has completed his purchases.
July 5. — Quartermaster General in reply, with a note by the Secretary of "War, and*
statements of Second Comptroller and requisition clerk.
1847, ^February 10. — Secretary of War to the Quartermaster General.
February 18. — The Quartermaster General's reply.
i846,'_September 1, (No. 83.) — From General Taylor, complaining of a deficiency in the
means of transportation in the Quartermaster's department.
September 21. — From the Secretary of War to the Quartermaster General, enclosing
the above.
December 5. — Reply of the Quartermaster General.
October 1.— From the Secretary of War to General Taylor, enclosing a copy of an
appli^^ation from the Quartermaster General for orders to proceed to New Orleans
to direct the operations of his department in the southwest, and the answer of the
Secretary of the 1st October.
November 7. — From Quartermaster General to Secretary of War, relative to trans-
portation.
November 25. — From Quartermaster General to Secretary of War, relative to trans-
portation.
Novenaber 26. — From Quartermaster General to Secretary of War, relative to trans-
portation.
November 28. — From Quartermaster General to Secretary of War, relative to trans-
portation.
December 3. — From Quartermaster General to Secretary of War, relative to trans-
portation.
December 27. — From Quartermaster General to Secretary of War, relative to trans-
portation.
December 29. — From Quartermaster General to Secretary of War, relative to trans-
portation.
1847, January 1.— From Quartermaster General to Secretary of War, relative to transpor-
tation.
January 2. — From Quartermaster General to Secretary of War, relative to transpor-
tation, and the deficiency of ordnance and topographical officers.
February 25. — Letter of Colonel Stanton, submitting letters from Quartermaster
General's ofilce in relation'to transportation for General Taylor's army.
Letters from officers and agents of the Quartermaster's department, to the Quarter-
master General's office, in relation to transportation for the same.
Letters from the Quartermaster General, after leaving Washington, in relation to
transportation for the same.
Ex. Doc. No. 60, 281
CORRESPONDENCE.
[Circular.]
War Department,
Washington, May 13, 1846.
Sir: Enclosed I send you a proclamation of the President of the
United States, of this day, announcing the existence of war between
this country and the republic of Mexico. You will act in refer-
ence to this change of our foreign relations, in the discharge of
your official duties, so far as they may be affected by it.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Brigadier General Z. Taylor,
Commanding Army of Occupation
on the Rio Grande, Texas.
[Addressed also to generals of divisions, generals commanding
military departments, and officers commanding posts.]
War Department, May 23, 1846.
Sir: Major General Gaines having made calls on the governors
of Alabama, Mississippi, and Missouri, for volunteers to be sent to
your aid, you are informed that these calls have been recognised
by the President to the extent of the number already furnished by
them. You will receive them in the same manner as those embraced
in your requisition. The department is not yet advised of the num-
ber sent to join you.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Brigadier General Z. Taylor,
Commanding Army of Occupation
on the Rio Grande, Texas.
War Department, May 28, 1846.
Sir: As it appears that Major General Gaines, in sending for-
ward volunteers to Texas, has exceeded the call made by you for
282 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
that description of force, it would seem proper that this excess
should be disposed of in such manner as to cause as little expense
and embarrassment to the service as possible. The call of General
Gaines has been recognised to the extent of the number of volun-
teers already sent io you, and you will thereiore receive them into
service. But as all these troops, as well as those embraced in your
requisitions, have been called out under the act of the 28th Februa-
ry, 17£5, which limits their term of service to three months, it is
sufigested that you organize out of that number such as may be
disposed to volunteer for the period of twelve months, under the
act of the I3lh of May instant, until you may have a force of that
description sufficient to meet your views and wishes, and then dis-
charge and send home the remaining three months men. The go-
vernors of the several States, from which these three-months men
have come, will be requested to aid you in changing them into vol-
unteers for a year, under the recent act of Congress, by giving
commissions to those who (not having received them) may volun-
teer to serve as officers. Should companies, battalions, or regi-
ments, of the present three-months men, organize and offer their
services under ihe act ot the 13th of May, you are hereby authorized
by the President to accept and at once muster them into service.
It is important that you should give the department the earliest in-
formation of your proceedings in this respect.
You are advised to prosecute the war with vigor, in the manner
you may deem most effective. Not knowing what are the opera-
tions you propose to carry on, I cannot well determine the number
of volunteers you will be likely to want. I am anxious to hear
your views as to the measures you propose to execute. It is hoped
that while the season favors, you will make such progress as that
your troops may be enabled safely to occupy healthy positions be-
fore the less healthy season commences. I wish to be favored with
your views as to what should be the future operations of the army
on the Rio Grande, and the movement you propose to make before
the commencement of the rainy season, which is supposed to be
such as may arrest or impede, for a short time, effective hostilities.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding Army of Occupation
on the Rio Grande^ Texas.
War Department,
Washington^ May 30, 1846.
Sir: Enclosed I transrhit an order assigning you to duty accord-
ing to your rank as brevet major general. I also send you a copy
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 283
of a letter from the President, the original of which, with your
conimission, has been forwardeH by this ((ay's mail.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ♦■
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War,
Brevet Major General Z. Taylor.
Washington City, May 30, 1846.
Sir: I transmit to you herewith a commission as major pjeneral
by brevet in the army of the United States, conferred upon you
for gallant conduct and distinguished services in the successive vic-
tories over superior Mexican forces at Palto Alto and Resdca de la
Palma, on the 8th and 9th days of May, I8l6.
It gave me sincere pleasure, immediately upon the receipt of
official intelligence from the scene of your achievements, to confer
upon you, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, this
testimonial of the estimate which your government places upon
your skill and gallantry. To yourself and the brave officers and
soldiers under your command the gratitude of the country is justly
due. Our army-have lully sustained their deservedly high reputa-
tion, and added another bright page to the history of American
valor and patriotism. They have won new laurels for themselves
and for their country. My confidence in them never faltered. The
battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma rank among our most
brilliant victories, and will long be remembered by the American
people. When all the details of these battles, and of the noble
defence of the camp opposite to Matamoras, shall have been re-
ceived, it will be my pleasure, as it will be my grateful duty, to
render to the officers and men under your command suitable testi-
monials for their conduct in the brilliant victories which a super-
intending Providence has enabled them to achieve for their country.
In transmitting to you this commission, and in communicating to
the officers and soldiers under your command my profound sense of
their meritorious services, I but respond to the patriotic enthusiasm
manifested by the people in behalf of their brave defenders.
Whilst my warmest thanks are tendereil to the survivors, the
nation mourns the loss of the brave officers and soldiers who fell
in defence of their country upon the field ot victory. Their names
also shall be remembered, and appropriate honors be paid to their
memory, by a grateful country.
You will cause thi^ communication to be made known to the
army under your command.
JAMES K. POLK.
Brevet Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding U. S. Army on the Rio Grande.
284 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
War Department, June 4, 1846.
Sir: I send herewith a number of copies of a proclamation in
*lhe Spanish language, addressed to the people of Mexico, which
you are requested to sign and cause to be circulated in the manner
and to the extent you may deem proper. You will use your ut-
most endeavors to have the pledges and promises therein contain-
ed carried out to the fullest extent. There are also sent some
copies of the proclamation in the English language.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War,
Brevet Maj. Gen. Z. Taylor,
Commanding army of occupation^ Texas.
PROCLAMACION.
POR EL GENERAL COMANDANTE DEL EXERCITO DE LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DE AMERICA.
j3 la nacion Mcjicana:
Despues de muchos anos de sufrimiento pacieote, los Estados
Unidos estan al fin forzados de reconocer que hay guerra entre nu--
estro gobierno y el gobierno de Mejico. Durante muchos aiios
nuestros ciudadanos han sido espuestos a injurias y perdidas, nues-
tros buques y cargazones han sido asidos y confiscados, nuestros
negociantes robados, mutilados, encarcelados sin causa alguna. En
conclusion vuestro gobierno reconocio la justicia de nuestras recla-
maciones, y agredecio por un tratado de satisfacernos con el paga-
miento de unos millones de pesos; pero este tratado lo han violado
vuestros caudales, y no se han hecho los pagamientos. Nuestros
ultimos esfuerzos para poner fin a todas las difficultades con negoci-
aciones pacificas han sido desechados por el dictator Paredes, y
nuestro Ministro de Paz, a quien vuestros gobernadores habian
agredecido recibir, se le ha despues rehusado toda comunicacion.
Ha sido tratado con indignidad e insulta; y anucio Paredes, que
hay guerra entre nosotros. Esta, guerra proclamada asi primiera-
mente por el ha sido reconocida con una perfecta unanimidad, y se
perseguira con vigor y energia, contra vuestro exercito y vuestros
gobernadores, pero aquellos Mejicanos quienes quedaran neutrales,
no se les hara ninguna molestia.
Esta vuestro gobierno en las manos de tiranos y usurpadores.
Ellos han destruido el gobierno de los Estados, han aniquilado
vuestra constitucion federal, os han privado del derecho de eleccion,
han destruido la libertad de la imprenta, os han robado vuestras
armas, y reducido a un estado de entera sumision al poder de un
dictator irilitar. Vuestro exercito y vuestros maestros sacan del
pueblo con injustos impuestos, con forzados prestamos, y asidas
militares, aquel mismo dinero el cual soporta el poder de vuestros
gobernadores. Estando desarmados quedasteis en preda a los sal-
vages Camanchos, los cuales destruyeron uo solamente vuestras
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 285
vidas y propiedades, pero llevaron vuestras mugeres e hiJT)S en una
captividad mas horrible qua la misma muerte. Son vuestros gober-
nadores militares que os han reducido a esta condicion deplorable.
Con estos tiranos y sus satelites corrumpidos y crudeles, enriqueci-
dos con el tesoro del pueblo, por quienes estais oprimidos y empo-
brecidos de este mode, aljjunos de ellos han atrevidamente hablada
en favor de una Monarquia, y quisieran colocar un Principe Eu-
ropeo sobre el trono de Mejico. Veniraos para obtener reparacion
de injurias y perdidas repetidas, venimos para obtener indemnida-
des por lo pasado y seguridad por lo futuro, venimos para desechar
a los tiranos que han destruido vuestras libertades; pero no veni-
mos nosotros para hacer la guerra al pueblo Mejicano 6 contra
ninguna forma de gobierno que la nacion quisiere eligirse. Nuestro
deseo es de veros libertados de los despotas, de expeler a los Ca-
manchos, de impedir que se renueven sus asaltos, y forzarlos a re-
stituir vuestras mugeres y vuestros hijos detenidos despues de tanta
tieropo. Se protegeran vuestra religion, vuestros altares e iglesiasj
las propiedades de vuestras iglesias y de vuestros cuidadanos, las
emblemas de vuestra fe sus ministros quedaran inviolados. Cientos
de nuestra exercito y cientos mil de nuestra nacion son miembros
de la religion Catolica. En cada estado, y en casi todas las ciuda-
des y todos los pueblos de nuestra Union hay iglesias Catolicas, y
los sacerdotes hacen sus santas funciones en paz y seguridad debajo
la garantia de nuestra sagrada constitucion. Venimos entre la
gente Mejicano como amigos y hermanos republicanos, y todas los
que nos recibiran en esta calidad estaran protegidos, pues cuantoSj
se dejaran atraer a llevar las armas se trataran como enemigos.
No necesitaremos de vosotros nada sino sustento para nuestro exer-
cito, y esto OS sera siempre pagado en dineros y por su valor entera.
La politica acostumbrada de vuestros tiranos consista en engaiiaros
tocante a la politica y al caracter de nuestro gobierno y de nuestra
gente. Temen estos tiranos el exemplo de nuestras libres institu-
ciones, y esfuerzanse constantemente de falsificar nuestros desig-
nios e inspiraros el odio de vuestros hermanos republicanos de la
Union Americana.
i Dadnos solo la ocasion de desenganoros, y luego sabreis que
todas las representaciones de Paredes son falsas, y hechas solo con
la intencion de inducir os en consentir al establecimiento de un
gobierno despotico.
En vuestra guerra para la libertad, contra la monarquia Espanola,
miliares de nuestros conciudadanos esnusieron sus vidas y derrama-
ron su sangre para vuestra defensa. Nuestro commodore, el bravo
Porter, sostuvo vuestro pabellon triumfante en el oceano, y nuestro
gobierno fue el primero en reconocer vuestra independencia. In-
scribimos con orgulio y placer vuestro nombre en la lista de las
republicas independentes, y tuvimos deseo que pudieseis gozar en
paz y prosperidad todas las ventajas de los gobiernos libres. Es
impossible que tengan buen suceso vuestros tiranos contra el exer-
cito de la Union, pero si ellos sucedieren solo seria para darlos el
medio de llenar vuestras ciudades con sus soldados, comer vuestra
sustento, y cargaros de impuestos aun mas duros. Ya han aboiido
286 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
la libertad de la imprenta, siendo este el primer paso acia la iatro-
duccion de aquella monar^uia la cual ellos tieneu en realidad el
designio de proclamar y establecer.
Mejicanos, heraos de tralar como enemigos y destruir a los
tiranos quienes, mientras nos ban agraviado e insultado, os ban
privado de vuestra libertad, per© los Mejicanos que quedaran neu-
trales durante la guerra, seian protegidos contra sus despotas mili-
tares per el exercito republicano de la Union.
A PROCLAMATION
BY THE GENERAL COMMANDING THE ARMY OF THE U. S. OF AMERICA.
To the people of Mexico:
After many years of patient endurance, tbe United States are at
leno-th constrained to acknowledge tbat a war now exists between
our government and tbe government of Mexico. For many years
our citizens bave been subjected to repeated insults and injuries,
our vessels and cargoes bave been seized and confiscated, our mer-
cbants bave been plundered, maimed, imprisoned, without cause
and witbout reparation. At length your government ackriowledged
the justice of our claims, and agreed by treaty to make satisfaction,
by payment of several millions of dollars; but this treaty has been
violated by your rulers, and the stipulated payments have been
"withheld. Our late effort to terminate all difficulties by peaceful
negotiation has been rejected by the dictator Paredes, and our
minister of peace, whom your rulers had agreed to receive, has
been refused a hearing. He has been treated with indignity and
insult, and Paredes has aenounced that war exists between us.
This war, thus first proclaimed by him, has been acknowledged as
an existing fact by our President and Congress, with perfect una-
nimity, and will be prosecuted with vigor and energy against your
army and rulers; but those of the Mexican people who remain
neutral will not be molested.
Your government is in the hands of tyrants and usurpers. They
have abolished your State governments, they have overthrown
your federal constitution, they have deprived you of the right of
suffrage, destroyed the liberty of the press, despoiled you of your
arms, and reduced you to a state of absolute dependence upon the
power of a military dictator. Your army and rulers extort from
the people, by grievous taxation, by forced loans, and military
seizures, the very money which sustains the usurpers in power.
Being disarmed, you are left defenceless, an easy prey to the
savage Curaanches, who not only destroy your lives and property,
but drive into a captivity, more horrible than death itself, your
wives and children. It is your military rulers who have reduced
you to this deplorable condition. It is these tyrants, and their
corrupt and cruel satellites, gorged with the people's treasure, by
whom you are thus oppressed and impoverished, some of whom
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 287
have boldly advocated a monarchical ofovernment, and would place
a European prince on the throne of Mexico. We come to obtain"
reparation for repeated wrongs and injuries, we come to obtain
indemnity for the past and security for the future, we come to
overthrow the tyrants who have destroyed your liberties; but we
come to make no war upon the people of Mexico, nor upon any
form of free government they may choose to select for themselves.
It is our wish to see you liberated from despots, to drive back the
savage Cumanches, to prevent the renewal of their assaults, and
to compel them to restore to you from captivity your long lost
wives and children. Your religion, your altars and churches, the
property of your churches and citizens, the emblems of your faith
and its ministers, shall be protected and remain inviolate. Hun-
dreds of our ar -^y, and hundreds of thousrinds of our people, are
members of the Catholic church. In every State, and in nearly
every city and village of our Union, Catholic churches exist, and
the priests perform their holy functions in peace and security, un-
der the sacred guarantee of our constitution. We come amon^- the
people of Mexico as friends and republican brethren, and all who
receive us as such shall be protected, whilst all who are seduced
into the army of your dictator shah be treated as enemies. We
shall want from you nothing but food for our army, and for tiiis
you shall always be paid, in cash, the full value. It is the settled
policy of your tyrants to deceive you in regard to the policy and
character of our government and people. These tyrants fear the
example of our free institutions, and constantly endeavor to mis-
represent our purposes, and inspire you with hatred for your re-
publican brethren of the American Union. Give us but the oppor-
tunity to undeceive you, and you will soon learn that all the
representations of Paredes were false, and were only made to in-
duce you to consent to the establishment of a despotic govern-
ment.
In your struggle for liberty with the Spanish monarchy, thou-
sands of our countrymen risked their lives and shed their blood in
your defence. Our own commodore, the gallant Porter, maintained
in triumph your flag upon the ocean, and our government was the
first to acknowledge your independence. With pride and pleasure
we enrolled your name on the list of independent republics, and
sincerely desired that you might in peace and prosperity enjoy all
the blessings of free government. Success on the part of your
tyrants against the army of the Union is impossible; but if they
could succeed, it would only be to enable them to fill your towns
with their soldiers, eating out your substance, and harassino- you
with still more grievous taxation. Already they have abolished the
liberty of the press, as the first step towards the introduction of'
that monarchy which it is their real purpose to proclaim and es-
tablish.
Mexicans, we must treat as enemies and overthrow the tyrants
who, whilst they have wronged and insulted us, have deprived you
of your liberty; but the Mexican people who remain neutral during
the contest shall be prot cted against their military despots, by the
republican army of the Union.
288 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
[No. 30.] Head-quarters 5 Army of Occupation,
Camp near MatamoraSj Texas, April 26, 1846,
Sir: I have respectfully to report that General Arista arrived in
Matamoras on the 24th instant, and assumed the chief command of
the Mexican troops. On the same day he addressed me a commu-
nication conceived in courteous terms, but saying that he considered
hostilities commenced and should prosecute them. A translation
of his note and a copy of my reply will be transmitted the moment
they can be prepared. I despatch this by an express which is now
waiting.
I regret to report that a party of dragoons, sent out by me on
the 24th instant to watch the course of the river above on this bank,
became engaged with a very large force of the enemy, and after a
short affair, in which some sixteen were killed and wounded, ap-
pear to have been surrounded and compelled to surrender. Not
one of the party has returned, except a wounded man sent in this
morning by the Mexican commander, so that I cannot report with
confidence the particulars of the engagement or the fate of the offi-
cers, except that Captain Hardee was known to be a prisoner and
unhurt. Captain Thornton, and Lieutenants Mason and Kane, were
the other officers. The party was 63 strong.
Hostilities may now be considered as commenced, and I have this
day deemed it necessary to call upon the governor of Texas for
four regiments of volunteers — two to be mounted and two to serve
as foot. As some delay must occur in collecting these troops, I
have also desired the governor of Louisiana to send out four regi-
1 lents of infantry as soon as practicable. This will constitute an
auxiliary force of nearly 5,000 men, which will be required to
prosecute the war with energy, and carry it, as it should be, into
the enemy's country. I trust the department will approve my
course in this matter, and will give the necessary orders to the staff
departments for the supply of this large additional force.
If a law could be passed authorizing the President to raise vol-
unteers for twelve months, it would be of the greatest importance
for a service so remote from support as this.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brev. Brig. Gen. U. S. Army commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, D. C.
[No. 32.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Point Isabel, May, 3, 1846.
Sir: Since the date of my despatch No. 30, advising you of the
state of things in this quarter, the enemy has made demonstrations
on this side of the river, leading to the belief that he intended an
enterprise against our depot at this place.- Owing to the peculiar
nature of the country, and our deficiency in the proper description
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 289
of light troops, I have b^en kept ignorant, to a great degree, of
his movements. It was known, however, that he had crossed above
in considerable force, as the unfortunate result of the reconnois-
sance conducted by Captain Thornton clearly showed Owing to
the unfinished state of the field work at our position, I could not
prudently attempt any enterprise against this force for several days.
In the meantime I received information, on which I could rely
with tolerable certainty, that the enemy was preparing to cross be-
low my position, with the view of effecting a junction with the
force from above I could not believe that even with 4,000 men
he would make an attempt upon my camp opposite Matamoras, and
I was therefore compelled to suppose that the depot at this point
was the object of his movement. I was strengthened in this be-
lief by the know^ledge that provisions had become exceedingly
scarce in Matamoras since the blockade of the river. I therefore
hastened the operations on the field work, and was able, by great
exertions on the part of the troops, to bring it into a good state of
defence by the 1st of May. The 7th infantry, under Major Brown,
with Captain Lowd's and Lieutenant Bragg's companies of artil-
lery, and the sick of the army, were left in the work, and the main
force marched under my immediate command at 3| p. m. on that
day. At 11 o'clock the ^rmy bivouacked in the prairie about ten
miles from this depot, which it reached the next day without c|is-
covering any signs whatever of the enemy. Some scouts, from a
company of rangers sent forward last night, report a large force
encamped in the road, and even surprised one of its pickets, shoot-
ing several men.
I propose remaining here, if not necessarily called back to the
river, until the arrival of some ordnance supplies, and perhaps re-
cruits from New Orleans.
I respectfully enclose the reports of Captain Thornton and Cap-
tain Hardee of the recent affair, in which, witli nearly fifty dragoons,
they were made prisoners of war. Captain Hardee's, which alone
gives particulars, was of course made under tlie supposition of Cap-
tain Thornton's death. A copy of my instructions to Captain
Thornton, which will be furnished as soon as I can again have ac-
cess to my papers, will show^ that nothing was wanting on my part
in the way of caution to that officer. I abstain from further com-
ment, as a judicial investigation will no doubt be finally had in the
case. There seems no doubt that Lieutenant Mason was killed.
I regret to be under the necessity of reporting that the camp of
Captain Walker's company of rangers, betw^een this point and
Matamoras, was surprised on the morning of the 28th instant, by a
party of ranchero cavalry. Five rangers are known to have been
killed, and five others are missing. The enemy sustained some
slight loss, but of what extent is not knownu The officer of the
company and about half its strength were absent on detached ser-
vice at the time the surprise occurred. Had the men who were
left obeyed the injunctions of the captain, a tried frontier soldier,
they would never have met such a disaster. Our men and officers
19
290 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
have spirit enough, but lack prudence, which a little active service
will soon teach them.
I enclose a sketch, showing the position of the fort and the lines
occupied by the corps of the army from the 13th April to the 1st
May.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brev. Brig Gen U. S Army commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, D. C.
J
Matamoras, Mexico, April 27, 1846.
Sir: I have the honor to report my arrival at this place to-day,
and to state that agreeably with your orders I proceeded to within '
three miles of La Rosia, .when I was informed that the enemy had
crossed in large numbers. Upon receiving this information, our
guide refused to go any farther. I was therefore compelled to move
on without him, in order to carry out your instructions to me. The
advanced guard was increased, and Lieutenant Mason placed in
command of it, with orders to keep about one-quarter of a mile
ahead. When he had gone about two miles, I discovered some
Mexicans near a house in a large field. I halted the advanced guard,
and went into the field myself to see them. I had not gone more
than a hundred yards when they fled; I turned round and motioned
to the advanced guard to come on. In the mean time the main body
of the squadron had come up to the advance guard, and, mistaking
my order, followed in after them; and while I was questioning a
Mexican the enemy appeared. I immediately ordered a charge, in
order to cut n^y way through them; but finding their numbers too
large to contend with any longer, I ordered a retreat; and although
entirely surrounded, we endeavored to cut our way through to
camp. In the retreat my horse fell upon me, and I was unable to
rise. I am now fully convinced that we were watched from the time
we left camp, and that preparations were so made as to prevent our
ever returning. It affords me great pleasure to say that the officers
and men under my command, both individually and collectively,
behaved in the most gallant manner.
As a prisoner of war, I am happy to inform you that attentions
and kindness have been lavishel upon m.e; as a proof of which, I
will state that upon my reporting to General Arista that a dragoon
had treated me rudely, he ordered him immediate punishment.
I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant,
T. B. THORNTON,
Captain 2d dragoons.
Captain W. W. S. Bliss,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Ex Doc. No. 60. 291
Matamoras, Mexico, Jipril 26, 1846.
SiRi'It becomes my painful duty to inform you of the circum-
stances which led to our being brought to this place as prisoners of
■war. Captain Thornton's command, consisting of fifty-two dragoons,
left camp, as you know, at night on the 24th instant; it marched 15
miles and halted until daylight, when the march was again resumed.
Captain Thornton's orders, as I understood them, were to ascertaiu
if the enemy had crossed the river above our camp, and to recon-
noitre his position and force. All his inquiries on the way tended
to the conviction that the enemy had crossed in strength. About
28 miles from our camp our guide became so satisfied of this fact
that he refused to go any further, and no entreaties on the part of
Captain Thornton could shake his resolution. About three miles
from this latter place we came to a large plantaiion borderino- the
river, and enclosed with a high chapparal fence, with some houses
at its upper extremity. To these houses Captain Thornton endea-
vored, by entering the lower extremity, to approach; but failing to
do so, he was compelled to pass round the fence, and entered the
field by a pair of bars, the house being situated about 200 yards from
the entrance. Into this plantation the whole command entered in
single file, without any guard being placed in front, without any
sentinel at the bars, or any other precaution being taken to prevent
surprise. Captain Thornton was prepossessed with the idea that
the Mexicans had not crossed; and if they had, that they would not
fight. I had been placed in rear, and was therefore the last to en-
ter. When I came up to the house I found the men scattered in
every direction, hunting for some one with whom to communicate.
At last an old man was found; and while Captain Thornton was
talking with him, the cry of alarm was given, and the enemy were
seen in numbers at the bars. Our gallant commander immediately
gave the command to charge, and himself led the advance; but it
was too late; the enemy had secured the entrance, and it was im-
possible to force it. The officers and men did every thing that fear-
less intrepidity could accomplish; but the infantry had stationed
themselves in the field on the right of the passage way, and the
cavalry lined the exterior fence, and our retreat was hopelessly cut
off. Seeing this. Captain Thornton turned to the right and skirted
the interior of the fence, the command following him. During
this time the enemy were shooting at us in every direction; and
when the retreat commenced, our men were in a perfect state of
disorder. I rode up to Captain Thornton and told him that our
only hope of safety was in tearing down the fence', he gave the
order, but could not stop his horse, nor would the men stop. It was
useless, for by this time the enemy had gained our rear in great
numbers. Foreseeing that the direction which Captain Thornton
was pursuing would lead to the certain destruction of himself and
men, without the possibility of resistance, I turned to the right and
told the men to follow me. I made for the river, intendino- either
to swim it or to place myself in a position for defence. I found
the bank too boggy to accomplish the former, and I therefore
292 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Tallied the men, forming them in order of battle in the open fieldy
and without the range of the infantry behind the fence. I counted
twenty-five men and examined their arms, but almost every one
had lost a sabre, a pistol, or carbine: nevertheless, the men were
firm and disposed, if necessary, to fight to the last extremity. In
five minutes from the time the first shot was fired, the field was
surrounded by a numerous body of men. However, I determined
to sell our lives as dearly as possible if I could not secure good
treatment, and accordingly I went forward and arranged with an
officer that I should deliver myself and men as prisoners of war, to be
treated with all the consideration to which such unfortunates are
entitled by the rules of civilized warfare. I was taken to General
Torrejon, who by this time had his whole force collected in the fitld.
I found that some prisoners had already been taken; which, together
with those I had and those which were subsequently brought in,
amounted to 45 men, exclusive of Lieutenant Kane and myself.
Four were wounded. I know nothing certain of the fate of Captain
Thornton and Lieutenant Mason: the latter I did not see after the
fight commenced. I am convinced they both died bravely. The
former I know was unhorsed, and killed, as I learn, in single
combat, Romano Falcon. Lieutenant Mason's spurs were seen, after
the fight, in possession of the enemy. The br..ve Sergeant Tredo
fell in the first charge. Sergeant Smith was unhorsed and killed.
The bodies of seven men were found, including, as I believe, the
two officers above mentioned.
I was brought to Matamoras to-day about 4 o'clock, and I take
pleasure in stating that since our surrender I and my brave com-
panions in misfortune have been treated with uniform kindness and
Attention. It may soften the rigors of war for you to be informed
tuUy of this fact. Lieutenant Kane and myself are living with
General Ampudia: we lodge in his hotel, eat at his table, and his
frank, agreeable manner and generous hospitality almost make us
forget our captivity. General Arista received us in the most gra-
cious manner; said that his nation had been regarded as barbarous,
and that he wished to prove to us the contrary. Told Lieutenant
Kane and myself that we should receive half pay, and our men
should receive ample rations, and in lieu of it for today 25 cents
a piece. On declining the boon on the part of Lieutenant Kane
and myself, and a request that we might be permitted to send to
camp for money, he said no; that he could not permit it; that he
intended to supply all our wants himself. These promises have
already been fulfilled in part,
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. T. HARDEE,
* Captain 2d Dragoons,
[No. 33.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Point Isabel, May 5, 1846.
Sir: On the morning aad during the day of the 3d instant, a
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 293
heavy cannonade was heard in the direction of Matamoras.
Though n6t at all solicitous in regard to the safety of our fort, I
was anxious to hear from Major Brown, and despatched a party to
communicate with him under cover of a squadron of cavalry. The
squadron returned on the morning of the 4th, after reconnoitring
the enemy's position on the prairie, but without bringing news
from Major Brown, the party sent forward to communicate not
having returned. This morning, however, the party which was
conducted by Captain Walker, of the rangers, returned to this place,
bearing a despatch from INIajor Brown, which I have the honor to
submit herewith. I cannot speak too highly of the good conduct
of Major Brown and his command, and the excellent dispositions
of himself and the engineer oificer, Captain Mansfield, by which so
severe a cannonade was sustained with so little loss.
I am waiting at this place the arrival of the recruits from New
Orleans, when I shall move forward to join Major Brown and
assume offensive operations.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. A. commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army.,
Washington y D. C.
Head-quarters, Fort Texas,
May 4, 1846.
Sir: I have the honor to report that on the morning of the 3d
instant the enemy's batteries opened on us at 5 o'clock. The firing
commenced at the small sandbag fort, and was continued w^ith "
seven guns. Our batteries were immediately manned, and a strong
fire kept upon it from our batteries of eighteen and six-pounders
until the firing ceased from it; this battery ceased firing in thirty
minutes after our batteries opened upon it, two of the guns of the
enemy supposed to be dismounted.
The enemy then commenced firing from the lower fort and mortar
battery. One mortar only observed, which was removed from the
sand-bag fort, from whence the first shell was thrown; this fire was
kept up briskly; and although the shot were generally well aimed,
they did us no harm.
After this removal of the guns of the enemy from the sand-bag
fort, I ordered a deliberate tire from Captain Lowd's battery on
their guns and the town, ordering the consulate flags to be respected.
My men were sent to work at 7 o'clock on the unfinished curtain
and gateway, which was continued during the firing on the 3d
instant, and was nearly completed at 9 p. m. Although the fire of
the enemy was kept up with little cessation until half-past 7, there
was but one casualty, a sergeant of company " B, 7th infantr]^,'"
killed. At half-past 9 I ordered Captain Lowd to throw hot shot
into the town; the attempt was made, but the shot could not be
sufficiently heated to effect my object, to fire the town.
294 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Finding that our six-pounders effected little the enemy's gun'^y
owing to the distance, and wishing to husband our men and means,
I ordered the fire to cease and the guns posted to repel an assault
from the rear. The enemy's fire was then concentrated on Captain
Lowd's battery, but doing no harm, although the embrasures were
frequently struck. Our 18 pounders were tired deliberately and
effectually until about 10 o'clock, when, finding that the enemy
could do us no harm, I ordered the firing to cease, as it was impos-
sible to silence the enemy's mortar, and from this we were only in
danger; at this time, 10 o'clock, the enemy's fire was suspended
temporarily, but recommenced and continued at intervals until 12
o'clock at night. It is believed that during this period the enemy
fired twelve or fifteen shot. Between two and three o'clock this
morning Captain Walker came in, and left here about 4j shortly
after reveille he returned. At 5 o'clock this morning the firing
was recommenced by the enemy, continued for about twelve or
fifteen shots, and kept up at long intervals; one shell at 11 o'clo<"ky
one at 12, one howitz and shell at 5 — all ineffectual. We are con-
stantly on the alert, and I cannot speak too highly of the efficiency
of the officers and men of my command. Our defences are con-
tinued daily, and, when necessity requires, at night.
I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. BROWN,
Major 1th Infantry^ commanding.
Capt. W. W. S. Bliss,
Assist. AdjH Gen. Army of Occupation^ Texas. ,
[No. 34.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Point Isabel, Texas, May 7, 1846.
Sir: I respectfully report that I shall march this day with the
main body of the army to open a communication with Major Brown^
and throw forward supplies of ordnance and provisions. If the
enemy oppose my march, in whatever force, I shall fight him. Oc-
casional guns are heard in the direction of Matamoras, showing
that every thing is right in that quarter.
Yesterday the /ecruits under Lieutenant McPhail arrived here.
After filling up the companies of the permanent garrison, (A, 1st
artillery, and G, 4th artillery,) th'C remainder of the detachment,
with its officers, was placed under Major Monroe's orders to assist
in the defence of the depot. The men are yet two raw to take the
field, though efficient for garrison defence. They will be perma-
nently assigned as soon as practicable.
The four companies of the 1st infantry are hourly expected, and
will be a seasonable reinforcement. The first shipment of volun-
teers from New Orleans may also soon be looked tor; their arrival
will enable me to open the river and free our communications.
I iiave to acknowledge your communication of April 20; copies
of your letters to Major Clark, April 11; General Brook;e, of
April 18; and Lieutenant Colonel Pierce, of April 20; "general
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 295
orders," Nos. 7 and 8; "special orders," Nos. 28, 29, 30, 32, and
38; and the Official Army Register for 1846.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant.
Z. TAYLOR,
Brev. Brig. Gen. U. S. Ji., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C. '
[No. 35.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near '■^Palo Alto,^^ May 9, 1846.
Sir: I have the honor to report that I was met near this place
yesterday on my march from Point Isabel by the Mexican forces;
and after an action of about five hours, dislodged them from their
position, and encamped upon the field. Our artillery, consisting
of two 18 poundfers and two light batteries, was the arm chiefly
engaged, and to the excellent manner in which it was manoeuvred
and served is our success mainly due.
The strength of the enemy is believed to have been about 6,000
men, with 7 pieces of artillery and 800 cavalry; his loss is probably
at least 100 killed. Our strength did not exceed, all told, 2,300,
while our loss was comparatively trifling — 4 men killed, 3 .ofl^cers
and 39 men wounded; several of the latter mortally. I regret to
report that Major Ringgold, 3d artillery, and Captain Page, 4th in-
fantry, are severely wounded; Lieutenant Luther, 2d artillery,
slightly so.
The enemy has fallen back, and it is believed has repassed the
river. I have advanced parties now throw;i forward in his direc-
tion, and shall move the main body immediately.
In the haste of this first report, I can only say that the officers
and men behaved in the most admirable manner throughout the ac-
tion.
I shall have the pleasure of making a more detailed report when
those of the diff"erent commanders shall be received.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. A.^ comfnanding.
The Adjutant General
Of the Army, Washington, D. C.
[No. 36.] Head-quarters, Army, of Occupation, "'*^'"'^
Camp 3 miles from Matamoras, 10 p. m.. May 9, 1846.
Sir: I have, the honor to report that I marched with the main
body of the army at 2 o'clock to-day, having previously thrown for-
ward a body of light infantry into the forest which covers the
Matamoras road. When near the spot where I am now encamped,
my advance discovered that a ravine crossing the road had been
296 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
occupied by the enemy with artillery. I immediately ordered a
battery of field artillery to sweep the position, flanking and sus-
taining it by the 3cl, 4th, and 5th regiments, deployed as skirmishers
to the right and left. A heavy fire of artillery an'd musketry was
kept up for some time, until finally the enemy's batteries were
carried in succession by a squadron of dragoons and the regiments
of infantry that were on the ground. He was soon driven from his
position, and pursued by the battalion of artillery and a light bat-
tery, to the river. Our victory has been complete. Seven pieces
of artillery, with a great quantity of ammunition, three standards,
and some 100 prisoners, have been taken; among the latter Gen-,
eral La Vega and several other officers. On* general is understood
to have been killed. The enemy has recrossed the river, and I am
sure will not again molest us on this bank.
The loss of the enemy in killed has been most severe: our own
has been very heavy; and I deeply regret to report that Lieutenant
Inge, 2(1 dragoons. Lieutenant Cochrane, 4th infantry, and Lieu-
tenant Chadbourne, 8th infantry, were killed on the field. Lieu-
tenant Colonel Payne, 4th artillery, Lieutenant Colonel Mcintosh,
Captain Hooe, and Lieutenant Fowler, 5th infantry, and Captain
Montgomery, Lieutenants Gates, Selden, Burbank, Maclay, and
Jordan, 8th infantry, were wounded. The extent of our loss in
killed and wounded is not yet ascertained, and is reserved for a
more detailed report.
The affair of to-day may be regarded as a proper supplement to
the cannonade of yesterday; and the two taken together exhibit
the cooiness and gallantry of our officers and mon in the most
favorable light. All have done their duty, and done it nobly. It
will be my pride, in a more circumstantial report of both actions,
to dwell upon particular instances of individual distinction.
It affords me peculiar pleasure to report, that the field work op-
posite Matamorps hns sustained itself handsomely during the can-
nonade and bombardment of ICO hours. But this pleasure is alloyed
with profound regret at the loss of its heroic and indomitable com-
mander. Major Brown, who died to-day from the effects of a shelL
His loss would be a severe one to the service at any time, but to
the army under my orders it is indeed irreparable. One officer and
one non-commissioned officer killed, and 10 men wounded, com-
prise all the casualties incident to this severe bombardment.
I inadvertently omitted to mention the capture of a large number
of pack mules, left in the Mexican camp.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
J^rev. Brig. Gen. U, S. J2.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Jirmy^
Washington^ D. C.
Ex. Doc. No. GO. 297
[No. 37.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Point Isabel, Texas, May 12, 1846.
Sir: I am making a hasty visit to this place for the purpose of
having an interview with Commodore Connor, whose squaiiron is
now at anchor off the harbor, and arranging with him a combined
movement up the river. I avail myself of the brief time at my
command, to report that the main body of the army is now occu-
pying its former position opposite Matamoras. The Mexican forces
are almost disorganized, and I shall lose no time in investing Ma-
tamoras, and opening the navigation of the river.
I regret to report that Major Ringgold died the morning of the
11th instant, of the severe wounds received in the action of "Palo
Alto." With the exception of Captain Page, whose wound is
dangerous, the othec wounded officers are doing well. In my re-
port of the second engagement I accidentally omitted the name of
Lieut. Dobbins, 3d infantry, among the officers slightly wounded,
and desire that the omission may be supplied in the despatch
itself. I am under the painful necessity of reporting that Lieu-
tenant Blake, topographical engineers, after rendering distin-
guished service in my staff during the affair of the 8th instant,
accidentally shot himself with a pistol on the following day, and
expired before night.
It has been quite impossible, as yet, to furnish detailed reports
of our engagements with the enemy, or even accurate returns of the
killed and wounded. Our loss is not far from 3 officers and 40
men killed, and 13 officers and 100 men wounded, while that of the
enemy has, in all probability, exceeded 300 killed. More than 200
have beeu buried by us on the two fields of battle.
I have exchanged a sufficient number of prisoners to recover the
command of Captain Thornton. The wounded prisoners have been
sent to Matamoras; the wounded officers on their parole. General
La Vega, and a few other officers, have been sent to New Orleans,
having declined a parole, and will be reported to Major General
Gaines. I am not conversant with the usages of war in such cases,
and beg that such provision may be made for these officers as may
be authorized by law. Our own prisor^ers have been treated with
great kindness by the Mexican officers.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. A., cominanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, D. C.
[No. 40.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
City of Matamoras, May 18, 1846.
Sir: I have the honor to report that my very limited means for
crossing rivers prevented a complete prosecution of the victory of
the 9th inst. A ponton train, the necessity of which I exhibited
to the department last year, would have enabled the array to cross
on the evening of the battle, take this city, with all the artillery
298 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
and stores of the enemy, and a great number of prisoners; in short,
to destroy entirely the Mexican army. But I was compelled to
await the arrival of heavy mortars, with which to menace the town
from the left bank, and also the accumulation of small boats. In
the meantime the enemy had somewhat recovered from the confu-
sion of his flight, and ought still, with the 3,000* men left him, to
have made a respectable defence. I made every preparation to
cross the river above the town, while Lieutenant Colonel Wilson
made'a diversion on the side of Burrita,and the order of march was
given out for 1 o'clock yesterday, from the camp near Fort Brown,
when I was waited upon by General Requena, empowered by Gen-
eral Arista, commanding in chief the Mexican, forces, tr> treat for
an armistice until the governments should .finally settle the ques-
tion. I replied to this that an armistice was out of the question;
that a month since I had proposed one to General Ampudia, which
was declined; that circumstances were now changed; that I w.as
receiving large reinforcements, and could not now suspend opera-
tions which 1 had not initiated or provoked; that the possession of
Matamoras was a si7ie qua non; that our troops would occupy the
town, but that General Arista might withdraw his forces, leaving
the public property of every description.
An answer to the above was promised in the afternoon; but none
came; and I repaired at sundown to join the army, already in po-
sition at a crossing some two miles above the town. Very early
this morning the. bank was occupied by our two 18 pounders and
three batteries of field artillery, and the crossing commenced. The
light companies of all the battalions were first thrown over, fol-
lowed by the volunteer and regular cavalry. No resistance was
made, and I was s®on informed, from various quarters, that Arista
had abandoned ^the town with all his troops the evening before,
leaving only t^e sick and wounded. I immediately despatched a
staff officer to the prefect to demand a surrender, and in the mean
time a commission was sent by the prefect to confer with me on
the same point. I gave assurances that the civil rights of the citi-
zens would be respected; and our troops at once dropped down
opposite the town and crossed at the " upper ferry," the American
flag being displayed at " Fort Paredes," a Mexican redoubt near
the crossing. The different corps are now encamped in the out-
skirts of the city. To-morrow I shall make suitable' arrangements
for the occupation of the town, and for taking possession of the
public property. More that 300 of the enemy's wounded have been
left in the hospitals. Arista is in full retreat towards Monterey
with the fragments of his army.
I deeply regret to report that Lieutenant George Stevens, a very
promising young officer of the 2d dragoons, was accidentally
drowned this morning while attempting to swim the river with his
squadron.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. ^., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 299
[No. 42.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
MatamoraSj Mexico, May 20, 1846.
Sir: On the 26th of April, I had occasion to advise the depart-
ment that hostilities had actually broken out, and that, in conse-
quence, I had found it necessary to use the authority with which I'
was vested, and call upon the governors of Louisiana and* Texas
for a force each of four regiments. The eight regiments thus
called for would make a force of nearly 5,000 men, which I deemed
sufficient to meet the wants of the service in this quarter.
At the same time that I wrote to the governor of Louisiana re-
questing this volunteer force, I addressed a letter to General Gaines
desiring him to assist in organizing these regiments and having
them properly supplied. In my communication to the governor,
the organization was very exactly prescribed, being that indicated
from your office on the 25th of August, 1845. I find, however,
that this organization has been" exceeded; and, moreover, that
General Gaines has called for many more volunteers than I deemed
necessary, extending the call to other States besides Louisiana. It
will, of course, be for the government to decide whether the future
operations in this quarter will require the amount of force (entirely
unknown) which is coming hither. I only desire to say that this
reinforcement, beyond the eight regiments mentioned above, was
never asked for by me, and that, in making the call of the 26th of
April, I well knew that if the Mexicans fought us at allj it would
be before the arrival of the volunteers.
It was for the rurpose of clearing the river, and performing such
further service as the government might direct, that I thought it
proper to ask for leinforcements.
It is extremely doubtful whether the foot regiments from Texas
can be raised, and I shall desire the governor, who is expected
here, to suspend the call lor them. None of the mounted com-
panies, except Capt. Price's, already in service, have reported to
me.
I fear that the volunteers have exhausted the supply of tents de-
posited in New Orleans for the use of this army. We are greatly
lin want of them, and I must request that immediate measures be
taken to send direct to Brazos Santiago say 1,000 tents for the use
of the army in the field. The tents of the 7th infantry were cut
up to make sand-bags during the recent bombardment of Fort
Brown.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. A., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, B.C.
300 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
[No. 43.] Head-quakters, Army of Occupation,
Matamorasj Mexicoy May 21, 1846.
Sir: Not being fully in possession of the views or policy of the
government in regard to operations in this quarter, modified, as
they perhaps have been, by the recent defeat of the Mexican army,
I have th*e honor respectfully to solicit fuither instructions for my
guidance.
Our future movements must depend, in a great degree, on the
extent to which the Rio Grande is navigable for steamboats, and I
fear that my expectations in this particular will not be realized.
Though at limes navigable as high as Camargo, or even Mier, it is
doubtlul whether a boat can now be pushed higher than Reinosa.
Indeed, the "Neva," which is in the river and accompanied the
expedition under General Smith, has not yet reached this place,
though hourly expected. Could we establish and keep up by
water a depot at Camargo, operations might be carried on in the
valley of the San Juan, towards Monterey, the first city of import-
ance in that direction. A direct movement from this point to
Monterey would require vast transportation, chiefly by pack-mules,
and would, moreover, be hazardous in summer on account of the
scarcity of water, part of the route being supplied by wells only.
The country between this and Monterey, by whatever route, can-
not support an army.
I shall lose no time in ascertaining the practicability o*f the river
for steamboats, ind shall occupy Reinosa and such other points aS
a boat may be able to reach.
All the cavalry, regular and irregular, of the army, under com-
mand of Lieutenant Colonel Garland, is in pursuit of the retreating
army, to harass its rear and capture prisoners and baggage. We
have no authentic intelligence from the lieutenant colonel since his
departure; deserters, however, are coming in from the Mexicans.
Lieutenant Colonel Wilson's battalion 1st infantry, with some
200 volunteers, was at Burrita on the 17th, and has since been re-
inforced by General Smith with about 700 Louisiana volunteers.
This column is ordered to move up the right bank of the river, and
I look hourly for its arrival.
A large amount of public stores, chiefly ordnance, has been found
concealed in this town. We are gradually recovering it from the
places where it was hidden. Two field pieces, several hundred
muskets, and 200 shells, are among the articles recovered.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. Ji.j commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington J B.C.
Ex, Doc. No. 60. 301
[No.' 44.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
City of MatamoraSj May 24, 1846.
Sir: I have to report the arrival this day of General Smith, with
the battalion of the 1st infantry, the Washington regiment of the
Louisi;na volunteers, and a company of volunteers from Mobile.
Another regiment of Louisiana volunteers is below, and will prob-
ably arrive this evening or to-morrow. This command was accom-
panied from the mouth of the river by the steamboat "Neva,"
which succeeded without diffiiulty in reaching this place.
Lieuten-ant Colonel Garland rtturned on the 22d from his expe-
dition in pursuit of the retreating army. He succeeded in captur-
ing a small rear party, after a trifling skirmish in the night, in which
a man, and unfortunately a woman, were killed on the Mexican sidcj
and two fnen slightly w^ounded on our own. He pursued the route
of the' array for sixty miles, and then returned agreeably to his in-
structions. The scarcity of water and condition of his horses made
it useless to proceed further.
I would -respectfully solicit instructions as to the disposition to
be made of certain property captured in the camp of General Aris-
ta. A pavilion and several pieces of massive plate are among the
articles. His clothing and other property, purely personal, have
been deposited in this city, Avith a view of being returned to him.
I would suggest that the pavilion be sent to Washington, to be dis-
posed of as the President may direct.
The recovery of ordnance and other public stores still continues
here. Two pieces of cannon have been taken from the river, and
small arms in. considerable numbers have been taken in the town,
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. Jl., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the ./irmy,
Washington, D. C. ■
[No. 46.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Matamorasy May 29, 1846.
Sir: The communication addressed to your office by the Commis-
sary General of Subsistence, dated the 9th instant, relative to the
relief of Captain Waggaman, together with a copy of your reply
thereto, has been received. In reply, I beg leave to state that the
interests of the service will not, in my opinion, justify the relief of
Captain Waggaman, except by an officer of the subsistence depart-
ment proper. In this opinion the captain himself fully concurs.
Indeed, the wants of the service in this quarter, particularly in the
event of otFensive operations, will require an increase rather than
admit of a dimihuticn of officers ,of the subsistence department;
302 . Ex. Doc. No. 60.
•with these views, I must decline giving orders for the relief of
Captain Waggaman, by an officer taken from the line.
1 am, sir, verv respectfully, your obedient servant,
' ' Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. ^., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
. Washington J D. C.
. Office of Commissary General of Subsistence,
Washington, May 9, 1846.
General: I have to request that Captain George G. Waggaman,
Commissary of Subsistence, may be relieved from duty with the
^' Army of Occupation," and orderied to report for duty at this office.
I regret the necessity of relieving an officer who has been so effi-
cient as Captain Waggaman, but his health is much impaired by the
climate, and another summer in that region will endanger his eye-
sight. This information in relation to Captain Waggaman is de-
rived from General Worth and other officers. He has not applied
to be relieved.
I have further to request that General Taylor maybe directed to
select an experienced assistant commissary to take charge of the
commissariat with this army for the present.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEO. GIBSON, C. G. S.
Brigadier General R. Jones,
Jidjutant General, Head-quarters.
[No. 47. J Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Matamoras, May 30, 1846.
Sir: In reply to your communication of the 8th instant, calling
for information relative to deserters who were shot near Matamo-
ras, I have to state that soon after my arrival on the Rio Grande
the evil of desertion made its appearance, and increased to an alarm-
ing extent; that inducements were held out by the Mexican autho-
rities to entice our men from their colors, and that the most efficient
measures were necessary to prevent the spread of this contagion.
As our deserters, by merely swimming the river, were at once in the
enemy's lines, pursuit and apprehension with a view to trial were
out of the question. I therefore deemed it my duty, and warranted
by the hostile attitude of the Mexicans, whose commanders as-
sumed that a state of war existed, to give orders that all men seen
swimming across the river should be hailed by our pickets and or-
dered to returnj and in case that they did not return, that they
w.ould be shot. These orders were verbally given to the several
commanders on or about the 1st of April. I annex a description
of two soldiers who are supposed to have been shot under this or-
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
303
der, remarking that it was impossible in the first instance to iden-
tify the individual with absolute certainty while in the act of cross-
ing the river; and, in the second, to ascertain whether he were
actually killed, the occurrence taking place at night. I beg leave
to add, that these measures seem to have checked and nearly stopped
the practice.
How far I should have been justified in seeing our ranks daily
thinned by the insidious arts of the Mexican general, without re-
sorting to the most efficient steps to stop it, I cheerfully leave to
the decision of the War Department. It may not be improper to
say that it is known that some of oiir deserters were employed
against us, and actually served guns in the cannonade and bombard-
ment of Fort Brown.
As connected with this subject, I enclose an original draught,
found in General Arista's papers, of an invitation to our soldiers
to 'desert. A similar call was previously made by Ampudia, and
has already found its way into the public prints. The department
may see from these documents what arms were used against us.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brev. Brig. Gen. U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington^ D. C.
Description of deserters supposed to have heen shot in attempting to
cross the Rio Grande.
No.
Name.
Rank.
Regiment.
Comp'y.
Where born.
Remarks.
1
2
Carl Gross..
Henry Laub.
Private
Private
7th inf.
5th inf.
I
France
Switzerland
1
Deserted April 1st. Sup-
posed to have been shot in
attempting to cross the
Rio Grande.
Dese^rted April 5th. Fired
upon and supposed to have
been killed in attempting
to cross the Rio Grande.
Head- QUARTERS, Army or Occupation,
Matamoras, May 31, 1846.
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant Generdl.
General Aristah advice to the soldiers of the United States army.
Soldiers! You have been enlisted in time of peace to serve in
that army for a specific term, but your obligation never implied
304 EiX. Doc. No. 60.
that you were bound to violate the laws of God, and the most sa-
cred rights of friends! The United States government, contrary to
the wishes of a majority of all honest and honorable Ameiuans,
has ordered you to take forcible possession of the territory of a
friendly neighbor, who has never given her consent to such occu-
pation In other words, while the treaty^ of peace and commerce
between Mexico and the United States is in lull force, the United
Slates presuming on her strength and prosperity, and on our sup*
posed imbecility and cowardice, att<^mpts to make you the blind,
instruments of her unhaly and mad ambition, ^iid forces you to ap-
pear as the hateful robbers of our dear homes, and the unprovoked
violaters of our dearest feelings as men and patriots. Such villainy
and outrage 1 know are perfectly repugnant to the noble sentiments
of any gentleman; and it is base and foul to rush you on to cer-
tain deaths in order to aggrandize a lew lawless individuals, in
defiance of the laws of God and man! It is to no purpose if they
tell YOU that the law for the annexation of Texas justifies your oc-
cupation of the Ilio Bravo del Norte; for by this act they rob us
of a great part of Tamaulipas, Coahuila, Chihuahua, and JYew
Mexico, and it is barbarous to send a handful of men on such an
errand against a powerful and warlike nation. Besides, the most
of you are Europeans, and we are the declared friends of a majority
of the nations of Europe. The North Americans are ambitious,
overbearing, and insolent, as a nation, and they will only make use
of you as vile tools to carry out their abominable plans ol pillage
and rapine. I warn you, in the name of justice, honor, and your
own interests and self-respect, to abandon their desperate and un-
holy cause, and become peaceful Mexican citizens. I guaranty
you in ^uch case, a half section of land, or 320 acres, to settle
ipon, gratis. Be wise, then, and just and honorable, and take rio
part in murdering us who have no unkind feelings lor you. Lands
shall b£ given to officers, sergeants, and corporals according to
rank; privates receiving 320 acres, as stated.
If in time of action you wish to espouse our cause, throw away
your arms and run to us, and we will embrace you as true friends
and Christians. ti . i i i c
It is not decent or prudent to say more. But should any ot you
render any important service to Mexico, you shall be accordingly
considered and preferred.
Head-quarters at Matamoras, April 20, 1846. , ^^^^ ,
M. ARTS 1 A,
Commander-in-chief of Mexican army.
r^Q 48 1 Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
I' ' '^ Matamoras, June 2, 1846.
Sir- I respectfully acknowledge your communication of May 9,
returning the muster roll of Captain Gillespie's company, to be
tent to Colonel Harney for completion. The necessary instruc-
tions have been given for the due completion of these rolls.^
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 305
I deem it proper to remark that the most careful instructions
■were given by ray stalf officers for the execution of the duty of
mustering the voIunteers'Ht Austin and San Antonio. Extracts of
the laws and gt^neral orders governing the subject were communi-
cated to the mustering officers, and no means omitted, by written
directions, of securing a proper performance of the duty. It ap-
pears that in Major Beall's case it was correctly performed.
It will not, I hope, be deemed out of place to call your attention
to the great delay which results from forwarding any communica-
tion to San Antonio by way of my head-quarters. Our communi-
cations with that point are to the last degree uncertain, and gen-
erally occupy nearly as much time as to communicate with the seat
of sfovernment.
While serving on the Rio Grande, or beyond it, I cannot be ex-
pected to exercise a very direct supervision over affairs on the In-
dian frontier of Texas.
In view of my necessary remoteness from the frontier stations,
snd my inability to reinforce them by regular troops, I authorized
Colonel Harney, when hostilities first broke out in this quarter, to
call upon the governor of Texas for an auxiliary force, if one should
be indispensable, to hold the Indians in check. He has availed
iiimsflf of this authority, and called upon the governor for seven
companies.
I have no very recent advices from that quarter.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington, D. C.
[No. 49.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Mutamoras, June 3, 1846.
Sir: I respectfully enclose herewith a field return of the forces
in and near Mutamoras, both regular and volunteer. The corps
known to have arrived at Point Isabel, of which no returns have
yet been received, will carry the entire force under my orders to
nearly 8,000 men.
I am necessarily detained at this point for want of suitable trans-
portation to carry on offensive operations. There is not a steam-
boat at my command proper for the navigation of the Rio Grande,
and without water transportation I consider it useless to attempt
any extensive movement. Measures have been taken to procure
boats of suitable draught and description, and one or two may be
now expected. In the mean time I propose to push a battalion of
infantry as far as Reinosa, and occupy that town. For any opera-
tions in the direction of Monterey it will be necessary to establish.
a large depot at Camargo, which I shall lose no time in doing as
20
306 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
soon ss proper transports arrive, unless I receive counter instruc-
tioBS from the department.
I trust the department will see that I could not possibly have
anticipated the arrival of such heavy reinforcements from Louisiana
as are now here and on their way hither. Without large means of
transportation, this force will embarrass rather than facilitate our
operations. I cannot doubt that the department has already given
instructions, based upon the change in our position, since my first
call for volunteers.
Our last accounts of Arista represent his force to be halted at
Coma, an extensive hacienda on the Monterey road, about 100
miles from this point. He has pickets covering the roads leading
to Matamoras, with a view to cut off all communication with the
interior. The departmental authorities have issued a decree, de-
nouncing as traitors all who hold intercourse with us, or with those
who do so. I am nevertheless disposed to believe that in some
quarters, at least, our presence is not unfavorably viewed. We
liave no intelligence from the city of Mexico.
Ordnance stores and other munitions of war are continually dis-
covered in the town. Five pieces of cannon and a very large
amount of balls, shells, and ammunition generally, have been
brought to light.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Bi evet Brig. General U. S. Ji.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army.,
Washington y D. C.
[No. 50.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Matamoras^ June 7, 1846.
Sir: I respectfully enclose herewith the return of the army of
occupation for April.
We have been many days without intelligence from the north;
our last date from New Orleans being May 26th, and from Wash-
ington May 16th. I anxiously await advices and instructions from
general head -quarters.
The body of the Mexican forces is understood to be in the vicin-
ity of Linares. We hear from quite good authority that General
Garcia has died, and General Torrejon is severely ill from fever,
and that the troops are suffering from the same cause.
From the south we learn — but I hardly know what dependence
to place upon the information — that General Alvarez, who some
time since raised the standard of revolt, has declared in favor of
Henera, and that the troops ordered against him by Paredes had
joined his party. There can be little doubt that there is some com-
motion in or near the capital. I have not heard from Vera Cruz
since tha arrival of the fleet.
Lieutenant Colonel Wilson's command marched yesterday. I
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 307
await the proper kind of transportation to push forward supplies
to Camargo.
I have to acknowledge "general orders" No. 12, and "special
orders" Nos. 40 and 41.
I am, sir, very resDcctfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brigadier General U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Was king ton J D. C.
[Nos. 53 & 54.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Matamoras, June 24, 1846.
Sir: I respectfully enclose herewith the return of the regular
troops of the army of occupation for May, 1846.
We are still without advices from general head-quarters later
than the 26th of May, although the newspapers bring intelligence
as late as the 8ih of June. A mail is hourly expected, and 1 can-
not explain why it has been so long delayed in New Orleans.
Some volunteers have arrived at Brazos Santiago from Tennes-
see, presumed to be of the 12-months quota- but I have received
no report from their commander. The volunteers w^hich previously
arrived from New Orleans have nearly all moved to Barrita, except
two regiments at this place; and I shall bring them up the river as
soon as I can procure transportation, which I am impatiently await-
ing, and for want of which I am still unable to make a forward
movement. The volunteers from Texas are encamped near Point
Isabel, and are now organizing under the direction of the gover-
nor.
We have no authentic intelligence from the interior of Mexico.
The army at Linares is believed to be moving towards Monterey,
much reduced in numbers by desertion and sickness. It is rumored
that Bustamente is at the head of the government, and that Parede*
is advancing with a large force to this frontier. Another report
places Herrera at the head of affairs, but there seems to be no in-
telligence on which we can safely rely.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, B.C.
War Department,
Viashington, June 26, 1846,
Sir; The cjeparlment has been very much embarrassed by the
proceedings ot Genera] GaMies in calling out, mustering into ser-
vice, and sending to yod troops not comprised within your requisi-
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
lions on Texas and Louisiana. Those embraced in your calls, and
5ome from Alabama and Mississippi, who had left these States be-
fore General Gaines's calls could be countermanded, (the Presi-
di-nt having given validity to his proceedings to that extent,) are
legally in service; but there is some question as to the period for
\v)i ch they can be held for service. As they do not come within.
the provisions of the act of Congress of the 13th of May last, the
conclusion to which the department has arrived is that they are to
be regarded as in service by virtue of the act of 1795, and conse-
quently for the term of three months. If the exigencies of the
service should require their employment for this entire period, you
■will of course retain them to the end thereof; otherwise they are
to be discharged.
But a considerable body of troops beyond those embraced by
your requisitions and the President's sanction have been mustered
into service for six months by order of General Gaines, and have
before this time reported themselves to you. It is in relation to
these six- months volunteers that the greatest embarrassment has
been felt. They have yielded to invitations which they thought
were authoritatively made or would be sanctioned, have in most
instances made personal sacrifices to obey the impulses of patri-
otism, and gone forth in the hope of having an opportunity of ren-
dering valuable services to their country. To decline to receive
them, to send them back to their homes without giving them em-
ployment, will undoubtedly cause regret, disappointment, and
mortification; yet, after mature consideration, the government does
aot discover that there is any other alternative. They are not
lep-ally in the public service under any existing law, and the Presi-
dent cannot receive them as volunteers unless they should tender
their services for twelve months, or during the war with Mexico.
This latter alternative — that is, to become volunteers under the act
of the 13th of May — you have been authorised to tender to them.
S.ould they decline it, there is no other course but to cause them
to be returned to their respective homes. This is truly a painful
alternative, and most gladly would the government here avoid it,
if it could be done consistently with official obligations and a due
regard to existing laws.
It is presumed tha* Congress will make provision to pay them,
and authorise the expense which has been incurred in fitting them
out and in sending them to you, together with that attending their
return. Should your arrangements be such as to require the im-
mediate service of the six-months volunteers — as distinguished from
i^hose State troops legally in service — you will be justified in de-
ferring the execution of the order for their discharge. Indeed, it
is hoped that many of them will become volunteers for twelve
months or during the war, so that they can be placed in service
under the sanction of law. Those who responded to your call, or
were recognized by the order of the President, can be retained
three months; but if their services are not needed, or likely to be
aeeded, you will cause them also to be sent hgme and discharged.
You will perceive from the copy of a letter to the governor of
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 309
Louisiana, herewith sent, that the order heretofore given to yoK
has occasioned great dissatisfaction, and is regarded as a violation
of contract. I also send you my reply to it, which contains Xh<e
views of the government upon the whole matter. I sincerely wish
there was a course open to be pursued which would avoid the dif-
ficulties; but the dictates of duty and respect for the laws must
overrule all other considerations In executing these orders yoa
Avill do what you can to raake the pfoceedings acceptable to the
public spirited and patriotic troops who are to be aifected by it.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War,.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding Army of Occupation en the Rio Grands.
Executive Office,
jYtw Orleans^ June 12, 1846,
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of a commu-
nication from the War Department, dated the 2d instant, the con-
cluding paragraph of which relates to a matter fully explained and
answered, I hope satisfactorily, in my reply to a previous despatch
from that department, of the 19th ultimo.
The communication in other respects has, I must confess, given
me the greatest surprise and uneasiness; and I cannot contemplate
the result likely to arise from the alternative which you have in-
structed General Taylor to impose on the Louisiana volunteers, of
heing sent home and disbanded, or of enlisting for twelve months
under the act of Congress of the 13th ultimo, without emotions of
decided repugnance.
, I therefore earnestly entreat the government to ponder and re-
flect upon the circumstances attending the enlistment of these
troops before consummating, as to them, an ex post facto measure
of hardship and of flagrant injustice. They were not enlisted, or-
ganized, nor mustered into the service of the United Sta'es, in
virtue of the provisions of the act of the 13th of May; and, in ray
judgment, it would be a harsh and unnecessary proceeding to sub-
ject them to the torture of enlisting under it for twelve months, or
of being ordered home in the event of an unwillingness so to enlist.
General Taylor's requisition upon this S;ate is couched, in part, in
the following terms: "I have the honor, under the authority of the
War Department, to call upon the Stale of Louisiana for four regi-
ments of intantry, to be ordered into the service with the utmost
despatch^ and for the longest period authorised by law."
The law governing and prescribing the period of enlistment is of
course the State law, section 80, of an act entitled "An act for the
organization and discipline of the militia of the State of Louis-
iana," and in the following language: "No detachment shall be re-
quired to serve more than three months at one time, unless in case
310 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
of urgent necessity, when the commander-in-chief is authorized to
detain them sixty days longer. The time in going to the place of
rendezvous and return ng from the place of discharge is not
counted in the time of service." It will be seen, by this section,
that it was necessary to strain a point to extend the period to six
months.
But the emergency appeared to demand it, and with cheerful ac-
quiescence the volunteers engaged for six months, in order that
General Taylor's requisition might be met in the spirit as well as
in the letter. The act of Congress of 28th February, 1795, (Gor-
don's Digest, article 2,411,) provides that "no officer, non-com-
missioned officer, or private of the militia, shall be compelled to
serve more than three months." Thus it is apparent that the
Louisiana volunteers were enlisted '-'for the longest period author-
ised by law," as the law then stood, and their position under it
cannot now be changed by the act of the 13th of May, unless
forced by the exercise of arbitrary power.
I also beg the department to consider, for one moment, the
circumstances under which the enlistment of these volunteers was*
required. The call upon the patriotism of Lousiana presented a
startling view of the critical and perilous situation of the army
and of Point Isabel, and left no time for calculating reflection,
and hone for delay. An absorbing, energetic sentiment of duty to
the country possessed the minds and hearts of this entire commu-
nity. The judge deserted the bench, the lawyer his clients, the
physician his patients, the merchant his counting-house, the me-
chanic his workshop, and the minister of the Gospel his pulpit, to
respond to the proclamation for volunteers; and though we had se-
vere difficulties to encounter, by union and decision of action they
were speedily overcome. In an incredible short space of time sev-
eral thousand brave and devoted men were forwarded to the seat
of war, where they happily arrived in time to enable General Tay-
lor more confidently to assupe an offensive attitude against the
enemy, and to cro.vn the brilliant victories of the 8fh and 9th, al-
ready achieved, with the conquest of Matamoras. These men were
despatched with the express condition and understanding that they
were enlisted for the term of six months, unless sooner discharged
by the cessation of hostilities.
Would it be just or expedient, I ask, or would it be in good
faith, to disband these troops now, because they might be unwil-
ling to change their terms of enlistment? I feel sure it would not,
and trust with confidence that the department will reconsider and
countermand the instructions to General Taylor on the subject.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
ISAAC JOHNSON.
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War, Washmgfon.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 311
War DepartmenTj June 25, 1846.
Sir: I have had the honor to receive your letter of the 12th
instant, and regret to learn, as I do by its contents, that there is
considerable misapprehension as to the import of my instructions
to General Taylor in relation to organizing into volunteers for
twelve months, under the act of the 13th May last, all those troops
•which had been sent to him for a shorter term of service, and to
discharge those who should not choose to become such volunteers.
I am not a little surprised that you should characterize such a pro-
ceeding as " ex post facto measure of hardship and of flagrant in-
justice," and I am quite sure you will not view it in that odious
light when it is properly understood. Both the President and this
department too sincerely and highly appreciate the disinterested
patriotism of the volunteers, and their devotion to their country's
iaterest, to be capable of inflicting upon them any wrong or injus-
tice whatever. On the contrary, there is not a compenstion, nor a
tribute of honor, to which their services and sacrifices justly enti-
tle them, that would not be cheerfully conceded to them to the
fullest extent within the power of the government.
Your excellency does not seem to be apprized of the true import
of the order to General Taylor. You will perceive by the enclosed
extract of that order, containing all that relates to this subject,
that it is not an absolute direction to him to discharge those called
into service who do not choose to become volunteers under the
law of the 13th May. Its explicit language is, that he should pro-
ceed to organize into a volunteer force, under that act, the three-
months men; and when he should have a suflicient force of that
description — that is, of volunteers for.twelve months — to meet his
views and wishes, he was directed to discharge the remainder of
those serving for three months.
The militia from Louisiana and some other States, legally in ser-
vice with General Taylor, to whom the instructions to that otlicer
applied, were those, and only those, who were embraced in and
had responded to that general's requisitions, and those from Loui-
siana, Alabama, and Missouri, who had left their homes on General
Gaines's unauthorized calls, before notice from this department
was received that his action was irregular, and could not be sanc-
tioned. Such as had left for the Rio Grande before this notice,
though not included in General Taylor's requisition, were legally
placed in service by authority of the President. These were the
only State troops, except the volunteers under the act of the 13th
May, with whom it can be said there is any contract. And what,
let me ask, is the character of that contract? Your excellency is
clearly right in the position that the six-months volunteers are not
in service under the provisions of the act of 13th of May; and al-
low me respectfully to say, that, in my view of the case, you are
clearly wrong in supposing that the six-months volunteers are in
service for that period, or can be so received, under the law of the
State of Louisiana. Without stopping to show, as I think it could
be clearly done, that your State law does not authorize the organ-
312 Ex. Doc. No. GO.
ization of such a corps, I confidently maintain the position that by
i)o Slate law whatever can the militia be called into the service of
the United States. The federal constitution ^ives expressly and
exclusively to Congress the power " to provide for calling forth
the luilitia," &c. As your excellency concedes that " six-monlhs
Tolunteers were not called into servi^-e under the act of th*^ 13lh
of May," I am not aware of any other act of Congress providing
for calling forth the mililia but that of 1195. If, therefore, they
are legally in the service of the United States, it must be by virtue of
this act, and by its provisions their term of service must be regu-
lated. This act ex[>ressly provides that no officer or private shall
be compelled to serve more than three months in any one year after
arriving at the place of rend'^;^vous. This is " the longest period
authorized by law.'' There was no existing authority prior to the
13th of May for the employment of volunteers, except such ,as
might be turned out by the executive of a State on the President's
requisition for the State militia, and whose term of service must be,
limited to three months. Those volunteers who entered the ser-
Tic'^ before the passage of the act of the 13th of May, or subse-
quently entered the service, not under its provisions, can only be
regarded as militia; and whatever may be the militia laws of the
States with respect to the period of service, or whatever the term
for which the) may have entered, they can only be held to service,,
under the laws of the United States, for the term of three months.
It has never been understood that there is any " contract" or obli-
gation on the part of the government to retain them during that
"vvhole term. On the contrary, it has been the frequent prjactice tO'
discharge them before its expiration, and I have never learned that
such a discharge was characteriztd as a " measure of hardship and
flagrant injustice." Indeed, it is considered the imperative duty
of the governrntnt to discharge tlie militia, when thus called outj
as soon as their services are no longer needed. Considering the
short period of engagement, and the sacrifices necessarily resulting
from a sudden abandontnent of their ordinary avocations, (the ur-
gent circumstances which prompted them to hasten to the field
having ceased to exist,) it was reasonable to believe that many
would desire to return to their homes as soon as they could be
honorably discharged.
Your excellency will perceive, by my letter to General Taylor
on this subject, that I bad no reft-renip to any but three-months'
men. I haci, then, no idea that six-mouths'' volunfeers, a description of
force unknown to any law whatever, would be organized, mustered
into service, and sent to the Rio Grande. Such an organization,
even througli a call upon the executive of a State, and with his ap-
probation, would be unwarranted by law. The President himself
could not exercise, or confer on any one, the pov/er to organize
six months' volunteers; atid, consequently, he cannot give a valid
sanction to such organization, under whatever circuuistances it may
have been marie. From a high sense of duty, he has been com-
pelled to withhold his approval of what has been done in relation
lo troops thus organized, except those embraced in General Tay-
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
313
lor's requisitions, and those who had left under General Gaines's
calls belore fountermanded. These are legally in service, bul only
for a term of three months. No officer, with his express authority,
could legally muster them into service for a longer period.
While the President has been obliged to disavow the whole pro-
cecuings in relation to the six-months'' vohmteers from Louisiana^
no' embraced in General Taylor's call, he is fully sensible of the
high and patriotic feelings which have led them to embark in the
cause of their country. He properly appreciates the individual
sacrifices they have made, and sincerely regrets the disappointment
they must feel when they discover the position in which they have
"been placed, by the assumption of a power not given by law; and
the measurt^s of which you complain have been adopted with a
view to place them on a legal footing, and to afTord them an op-
portunity of serving their country without a violation of its laws.
Their case may well be regarded as a hard one; but, with the ex-
ecutive government, there is no authority to afford other relief.
Were it otherwise, it would give the President most sincere
pleasure, as it certainly would this department, to apply the rem-
edy. The best that, under existing laws, could be done, was to
offer to those six-months' volunteers, who could not be legally re-
cognised as in service, thus to put them into it by receiving them
under the law of the l3th of May. This is not only the best, but
all that could be done for these public spiiited and meritorious
men; and I exceedingly regret that this course, influenced by these
motives, has given so much uneasiness to your excellency, and, as
you think, will give so much dissatisfaction tq the troops affected
by it. The department did not seek to coerce them into service
for twelve months, as your excellency's letter would seem to im-
ply, but simply to afford an opportunity to such as might feel dis-
posed to do so, to extend their engagements to that period. If I
have here taken the right view of the law, and the duty of the Ex-
ecutive— and I am quite confident I have — you will, I trust, be con-
vinced that no alternative was left to the Executive, and that your
wishes cannot be carried out. However much you may desire that
a different course should be taken, I am quite sure you would
neither ask nor expect it, if it involved a disregard of official duty,
and a palpable violation of law.
I am apprehensive that these irregular proceedings, in sending
troops to General Taylor — not called for by him, not authorised by
the Executive of the United States, not warranted by any existing
legislative enactment — may create m.uch dissatisfaction, but it is
not in the competence of the Executive to remove the cause of it.
Having adapted, in advance, the necessary measures to meet any
emergency in the condition of the troops under the command of
General Taylor, these irregular proceedings could not be anticipated j
but, as soon as known to the department, the most prompt meas-
ures were taken to arrest them; and it is a matter of the deepest
regret that they progressed so far as they did, before the check
could be effectually applied. This department is disposed to use
all the authority it possesses to mitigate the evils which have thus
314 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
resulted. It has already asked from Congress a liberal appro-
priation to defray the expenses which have been thus incurred.
But I desire to remind your excellency, that the consequences
Avhich you so Severely lament, irremediable by the government, as
I conceive them to be, are not the only evils likely to flow from -
this unauthorised procedure. Should those troops not legally in
service be employed, it may well be questioned whether, with or
without special legislation, they will be subjected to the rules and
articles of war; whether the disbursements to them, and, on their
account, not being pursuant to any existing law, can be passed by
the accounting officers, even with the sanction of this department,
if it could be given; and, whether the public property committed
to them can be regarded as being disposed of in a legal manner.
It is true, that most of these difficulties may be removed by future
legislation; but it yet remains to be seen to what extent Congress
will feel disposed to apply the remedy. The recent debate in the
Senate on the resolution calling for the correspondence between
this department and General Gaines, will show the views enter-
tained by some of the prominent members of that body upon the
subject, and the obstacles to be apprehended in the way of pro-
curing the favorable interposition of Congress. While I commend
the patriotic spirit which animated the citizens of your State, I
cannot but regret that it had not been more cautiously <iirected.
Had such been the case, the country might have been as well
served, a profitless expenditure avoided, and tke extent of personal
sacrifices greatly circumscribed. But as it is, I can assure your
excellency I am disposed, and ready, to do all that can be legally
and properly done to comply with your wishes, and carry out the
expectations of those who think they have cause to complain of
hardships and injustice.
Considering the heavy sacrifices to which most of those patri-
otic men had submitted, it certainly was not anticipated that the
execution of the instructions to General Taylor would have been
so unwelcome to them, or, at least, to such of them as were un-
willing to volunteer under the act of the 13th of May. Indeed, it
might well have been supposed that "the judge [who] deserted the
bench, the lawyer his clients, the physician his patients, the mer-
chant his counting-house, the mechanic his workshop, and the
minister of the gospel his pulpit, to respond to the proclamation
for volunteers," would have desired to return to their respective
avocations, when the exigencies of the publ'c service no longer re-
quired the continuance of the praiseworthy sacrifices of individual
interest and duty, imposed by a devotion to their country.
It is hoped that the explanations which have been given will
satisfy your excellency that, so far from an entire disregard to the
feelings and rights of the patriotic volunteers from your State, and
of the obligations of the United States towards them, I was governed,
in issuing the order referred to, by high considerations of public
duty, and by the most sincere desire to do whatever I could within
Ex. Doc. No. 60, 315
the range of that duty to gratify the wishes and promote the best
interests of the volunteets themselves.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
WM. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
His Excellency Isaac Johnson,
Governor of Louisiana, JVew Orleans.
[No. 57.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
MatamoraSj July 1, 1846,
Sir: Your communication of May 25, and that of the Secretary
of War, dated May 28, relative to the volunteers who have been
mustered for a less period than twelve months, have been carefully
considered, and I have now respectfully to state that the volunteers
from Louisiana and Texas that were raisefl in obedience to my
original call, volunteered for the term of six months, and beyond
doubt consider themselves bound for that period. The same remark
applies to the two additional Louisiana regiments, the regiments
from St. Louis and Louisville, and seven companies from Alabama.
After consultation with General Smith, 1 have deemed it best not
to open the subject of volunteering for twelve months to any of
these corps, believing that whatever number might be willing to
enrol themselves for that period, the evils of disorganization would
far outweigh any practical good likely to result from the change.
Much alarm and dissatisfaction have already been exhibited by these
volunteers at receiving from home the rumor that they were to be
disbanded unless they would volunteer for twelve months. They
volunteered, with a promptness and enthusiasm seldom exhibited
in any country, for the period of six months, and are willing and
anxious to serve out their term if there be any prospect, however
remote, of actual collision with the enemy. Should the expiration
of the six months find them engaged in active operations, I doubt
not a vast majority, perhaps all, would gladly continue their ser-
vice until the close of the campaign.
I need not assure the department that the excess of volunteer
force bejopd my requisition, was sent to the army against my ex-
pectation and wish; but now that the regiments are on the ground,
naturally anxious for service, already well organized and somewhat
instructed, I would respectfully recommend that I be allowed to
retain them until the expiration of their service, exercising the dis-
cretion of discharging any corps who may desire it before that time.
They are impatient for service, and I shall spare no exertions to
employ them actively and usefully while they remain.
In a day or two I will furnish a return of all the volunteer force.
In the mean time the strength of the regiments who are enrolled
316 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
for less than twelve months may be approximately estimated at
SjOOO men.
1 am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Major General U. S. Ji.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, D. C.
War Department,
Washington, August 3. 1346.
Sir: Your let,ter of the 1st ultimo, requesting permission to retain
the six months volunteers in service to the emi of the term for
which they en^r-aged, has been received, and laid before the Presi-
dent for his consideration.
When you take into view my letter of the 25th of June to the
governor of Louisiana, (with a copy of which you have been fur-
nished,) you will perceive the legal embarrassments which are ap-
prehended to be in the way of complying with this request. The
positions laid down in that letter are deemed to be correct, and to
extend the term of service of the volunteers to six months in such
a manner as not to come in conflict with them, is the difficulty now
presentt'd.
Upon a further consideration of the subject, I am confirmed in
the opinion that by operation of the law of 1795, which gave
the authority to call out the troops in question, the legal term of
service is only three months. Their voluntary engagement for a
longer term could not, it is apprehended, be made obligatory on
tht-m by any subsequent executive sanction. I do not question that
you are right in assuming that there is no reason to doubt the readi-
ness, on the part of the troops, to continue m service for the entire
six months; s;iil, many difficulties would arise from attempting to
txtend the teim beyond the legal limit by an executive order or
permission to that etfect. I scarcely need point them out to you.
Ttiey have reference to the authority to pay for their services, to
make disbursements on their account, and to enforce the laws and
regulations for the government, of the army in respect lo them.
Tiie executive could not give his sanction to retaining troops in
public employment for any period of time, however brief, unless he
was clearly convinced it could be done with the unquestionable
sanction of law.
You will perc<?ive by what is here stated, and by the views pre-
sented in the letter to the governor of Louisiana, the difficulties of
coHiplyiniT with your request; yet I can assure you that on my own
pHri, as Well as on that of the President, a most sincere desire is
fell to >urmount these difficulties and to carry out your wishes, con-
viiH-ed as we both are that they have a special regard to the good
of the Service.
It 's believed that the services of these volunteers for the period
of six months can be obtained in a way which will avoid all legal
Ex, Doc. No. 60. 317
embarrassments. No doubt is entertained here, that, under the Itiw
of the 13th of May last, the President may accept voluntrers with
an understanding, either expressed o"* implied, that th'y shall be
disfharged at any period short of twelve months. The six tnoiiths
volunteeis could all be brought legally into service under and by
virtue of this act, and retained only to the end of the period of
their voluntary agreement. You are, therefore, authorizetl to re-
ceive all or any part of those referred to in your letter of the 1st
of July into tjie service of the United States, as a portion of the
fifty thousand volunteers which the President is authorized to ac-
cept, and to discharge them at or before the end of the period for
which they volunteered.
Should they be taken into service in this way, and with the un-
derstanding that they are to be discharged at the end of six ninnihs
from the time when they entered the service, it is not doubttd
your expectation would be realized, that " should the expiration of
the six months find them engaged in active operations, a vast ma-
jority, perhaps all, would gladly continue their service until the
close of the campaign."
Such as have received clothing, or pay in lieu thereof, for six
months, w-ould, of course, have no further claim upon the govern-
ment on that account.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War,
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding Army of Occupation on the Rio Grande.
[No. 60.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupatiox,
Matamoras, July 16, 1846.
Sir: In my communication of July 1st, I stated that the volun-
teers from Louisiana and Texas, raised in pursuance of my original
call and the requisitions of Major General Gaines, had been mus-
tered for six months, and doubtless considered themselves bound
for that period. Such was my impression, and it was, I believe, a
correct one at the time. It seems, however, that the question has
been started'among the Louisiana volunteers, perhaps by mischiev-
ous persons, whether they can be held for a longer term than three
months; and,' at the request of Brigadier General Smith, I now
have the honor to submit the question to the highest authority.
General Smith contends that they may be retained; and to do jus-
tice to his argument, I enclose herewith his communication on the
subject. My own view certainly is, that they cannot be legally
held after the expiration of three months' service; but, at any rate,
I should deem it highly impolitic to keep them against their will,
except with the law clearly in favor of such retention. I shall,
therefore, order the discharge and muster out of service of any
regiments that may claim it at the expiration of the three months'
service. I do this the more readily, as I shall soon have more 12
318 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
months volunteers than I can possihly provide transportation for
into the interior of the country.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Mrmy,
Washington^ D. C.
Head-quarters, Louisiana Brigade of Volunteers,
Camp at San Juan de Buena Vista, July 15, 1846.
Captain: I find myself very much embarrassed by the opinion
expressed by General Scott, in a letter to the Secretary at War, on
the subject of his plan of campaign here. Arguing on the impos-
sibility of commencing operations here before the fall, he says that
the six months volunteers cannot be retained legally a day over
three months, and any exertion of martial law over them after that
day will subject any one attempting it to punishment or retribution.
Now, this letter has been circulated by some one interested in pro-
ducing disorder, and there is great danger that an attempt will be
made, at the end of three months, to claim a release from service,
and that officers will be afraid to incur the responsibility of resist-
ing it in the face of the opinion of the commanding general of the
army. Having neither the letters nor the laws at hand, I can quote
only from memory; but I will briefly slate my view of the ques-
tion.
Under the laws of the United States the President could only
(previous to May 13, 1846) compel the militia to serve three
months. This evidently was one of those jealous restrictions on
the power of the general government in favor of the rights of the
States and of the people. The President cannot exact or compel a
longer service than three months. But a provision of law made
to protect the rights of any class or person, and with no other view,,
may be waived by that class or person. The object of the law is
to restrain the exertion of power over them, not to limit or restrain
their own action. So in Louisiana certain acts of married women,
and obligations contracted with them, are null; but they can waive
the benefit of these provisions, and are bound by the .obligations
then made. Now, both the State of Louisiana, by the law pro-
viding for the raising of this brigade, and the volunteers, by their
enrolment and mustering into service, by their acceptance of the
bounty, and other advantages offered by the State to those who
should engage for six months, have expressly waived the restriction
made in ihsir favor, and the volunteers are bound by the engage-
ments so made. Besides, the 2d section of the act of 13ih May,
1846 may have an important bearing on this point. The claim is
m?de, that, being militia called into the service by the President
through his delegate, they cannot be compelled to serve but three
months. Now, if they have been so called into service by the
President by virtue of "any other act," they " iaay, if in the opi-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 319
nion of the President of the United States the public interest re-
quires it, be compelled to serve for a term not exceeding six
months after," &c.; and they cannot say that they are surprised
into an engag|ment they did not foresee, for this is precisely the
term they themselves stipulat^'d for. Whatever may be the law on
the subject, it is of vital importance that it be settled before any
act is done which may involve individuals irrevocably. I therefore
respectfully ask, that the general would submit this question to
the President, for the opinion of the law officers of the government,
that, let the law be as it may, we may conform ourselves to it.
I presume that those mustered into service after the 13th of May,
though ignorant of the passage of the law of that day, cannot in-
voke against iheir own voluntary contract a law which was then
virtually repealed.
As the period of those first mustered into service is within twenty
days of its close, if three months be the term, little time is left
to hear from Washington; but they can, no doubt, be induced to
wait an answer.
Your obedient servant,
PERSIFOR F. SMITH,
Brigadier General Louisiana volunteers.
Capt. W. W. S. Bliss,
Assistant Adjutant General.
[No. 64.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Matamorasj July 22, 1846.
Sir: I have respectfully to acknowledge the receipt, on the 20th
instant, of the instructions of the Secretary of War, dated the 26th.
ultimo, relative to the discharge of certain regiments of volunteers.
I had already, on the 16th instant, advised you that I should not
attempt to retain, against their consent, any of the six-months vol-
unteers. A large number of those composing General Smith's
brigade had expressed a wish to return home at the end of three
months before the receipt of the Secretary's instructions; and,
agreeably to the views expressed in my communication of the 16th
instant, I should have ordered their discharge even without those
instructions. With them, however, it became a double duty; and
you will see from my "orders" No. 91, of the 21sl instant, what
measures have been taken for its execution. I think very few of
these volunteers will consent to be mustered for twelve months.
Since the publication of " orders" No. 91, 1 have found it neces-
sary so far to modify its provisions as to cause the St. Louis regi-
ment to be mustered out at St. Louis, requesting the comraandirg
officer of the 3d department, or at the barracks, to detail a proper
officer for the purpose.
I hope there will be no unnecessary delay or difficulty attending
the payment of these volunteers, or in making an appropriation, if
necessary, (as it seems to be,) for the payment of those not regard-
ed as legally in service. They leave the field under circumstances
320 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
rather mortifying to many of them; and it is very desirable that
any unpleasant feelings arising from the legal and necessary action
of the government should not be aggravated by delay in procuring
their Jittle dues. H
You will perceive that I have assigned Captain McCall to the
impirtant duty of mustering these volunteers (except the St. Louis
legipn) out of service. Pie has been selected from his known ex-
perience and fitness, and also in view of his expected appointment
to a majority in the staff. I beg that no disposition may be made
of him from your office until the completion of this duty.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
[No. 65.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Mataraoras^ July 2b, 1846.
Sir: I respectfully enclose herewith a return of the volunteer
force on the Rio Grande for the month of June. Much delay has
unavoidably occurred in the preparation of this return. It will be
seen that it exhibits separately the strength of the volunteers to be
discharged under the recent instructions of the secretary, the vol-
unteer force from Texas, which has yet some time to serve, and the
twelve-mouths volunteers.
I have found it advisable to order the Alabama volunteers mus-
tered out in Mobile, and have given instructions- to that effect to
Captain Van Home, 3d infantry. Upon a comparison of dates, I
discover that the battalion of Lieutenant Colonel Raiford comes
within the operation of the President's sanction, and will be enti-
led to pay.
One regiment of. Louisiana volunteers has already embarked for
New Orleans, and- the remaining ones will be shipped as rapidly as
possible. In a week I trust the entire force \vill have sailed.
It is probable that a few companies may be organized from these
volunteers to serve for the term of twelve months. I will cause
all such to be mustered in and duly organized.
General Smith, colonel of .mounted riflemen, is desirous of re-
mainino-, and I am equally anxious to secure the benefit of his ser-
vices on the campaign. I propose, if it be not disapproved, to
retain the colonel, and give him a command according to his rank.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major Gen. U. S. A.j commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, D. C.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 321
[No. 70. J Hkad-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Matamorasj July 31, 1846.
Sir: I have respectfully to acknowledge your communication of
the 17lh instant, relative to the astiignment of general officers, of
volunteers, &c.
In regard to the disposition of the volunteers from Texas, I
would remark that there seems to be some misunderstanding in re-
gard to the kind of volunteers already organized from that State.
The Texan volunteers "that have assembled on the lower Rio
Grande" are those called for in my requisition on the governor of
the State of the 26th of April, properly three months men; while
it is presumed that the ''quota" assigned to General Wool's com-
mand was intended to be one of the twelve-months volunteers. I
have advised your office, from time to time, of the gradual arrival
of the Texan volunteers, and have even reported that the governor
designed to take the field in person. It was not doubted for a mo-
ment that the case was perfectly understood; and when advised
from your office, under date of June 20th, that one mounted regi-
ment and one foot battalion from Texas were assigned to General
Wool, it was taken for granted that a requisition had been made
upon the executive of the State for that force, of tv/elve-months
volunteers.
The Texas volunteers now in service in this quarter, of which I
enclose a consolidated return, entered the service upon the same
terms with those from Louisiana, viz: for six months. Of course
they can be legally held for only three months, and at the expira-
tion of that time I shall have them mustered out of service, and
paid. But I deem their services, particularly of the mounted regi-
ments, indispensable to my opeiaUons, and I propose at the end of
their service to muster them again for three months; discharging,
liovvever, all who wish it. The Texas regiment of foot under Col-
onel A. S. Johnston, formerly of the army, is an excellent corps,
inured to frontier service. All the Texan troops are anxious to go
forward; they are hardy, and can subsist on little, and I trust I
shall be allowed to retain them in the manner indicated. I may
add that very few, if any, of those now mustered in would consent
to serve for twelve months.
The original call upon the State of Texas was for four regiments;
two of horse, and two of foot. As these four regiments, under the
organization of May 8, 1792, would constitute two brigades, or a
division, I accepted Governor Henderson, who took the field with
them, as a major general, and caused him to be mustered accord-,
ingly . Although but three of the four regiments have been organized,
I deem it best to retain the governor in the capacity of major gen-
eral, and beg that he may be recognised, with his appropriate staffj
as established by the acts of May 8, 1792, and April 18, 1814.
It will be impossible for the mounted regiments fiom Kentucky
and Tennessee to join me before I take the field; and without those
froDQ Texas I would be quite too weak in that description of force,
21
322 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
It is not likely, moreover, that the horses of those regiments will
be in suitable condition for service for some time after their arrival.
I am. sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR',
Major General U. S. A., commanding
The x\djutant General of the Arrny^
Washington. D. C.
j[No. 82. J Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camargo, August 31, 1846.
Sir : I have already had occasion to address the department on
the subject of the regiments from Texas. Called into service for
six months, and thus on the same footing with those of Louisiana,
they came of course under the same rule, and could not be retained
beyond three months, the term fixed by law. But, owing to the
great scarcity of regular cavalry, I felt compelled to retain the two
mounted regiments, and proposed in my communication to you of
July 3lst to do so, re-mustering them at the end of their term for
another three months. Their term of service expires about this
time, and they have this day been mustered for pay. All individuals
claiming discharge are of course at. liberty to quit the service; but
nearly all the men seem willing to remain for another term. This
has not been the case with Colonel Johnston's regiment of foot
(riflemen,) which has accordingly been mustered out of service and
discharged.
One company of this regiment, commanded by Captain Shivers,
expressed a great desire to remain, and entered the service under
such peculiar circumstances — having come from Mississippi to Gal-
veston in order to find an opening — that I have accepted it for three
months, and attached it to the third brigade of regular infantry.
Another company, raised by Captain Seefeld, in Galveston, under
the orders of Governor Henderson, arrived at this place after Col-
onel Johnston's regiment was discharged; and being willing to enter
the service for twelve months, I have directed its muster and or-
dered it to Port Lavaca, to be reported to General Wool as a part
of the twelve-months quota from Texas. Still another company
(Captain Wood's) arriving under similar circumstances, I have dis-
charged and sent back to Galveston, at government expense. For
the protection of the settlements about Corpus Christi, a company
under Captain Gray has been mustered tor tv»"elve months and
stationed there.
Of all the Louisiana volunteers, but one company is retained for
twelve months — an excellent body of men, under command of Cap- ■
tain Blanchard. I have attached it to the second brigade of regu-
lar infantry.
The above comprises a statement of all the volunteers in service
in this quarter for other periods than twelve months, and all de-
tached companies of twelve-months men. The necessities of the
service have compelled me to deviate, in one or two instances, from
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 323
the .precise instructions of the department. But I have had no
other motive than the good of the service, and I trust the depart-
ment will find, ih the circumstances attending the various cases,
sufficient reasons for the course taken.
Two of the companies of the first regiment of Texas horse
(McCuUoch's and Gillespie's") are detached from the head-quarters
of the regiment, and employed under my immediate orders as spy
companies. This will account for their rolls bfeing transmitted
separately.
Colonel Johnston, late commander of the rifle regiment from
Texas, has expressed an anxious desire to participate in the cam-
paign. I fully appreciate the value of his services, and the disap-
pointment which the disinclination of his regiment to continue in
service has occasioned him, and have therefore given him a position,
during the campaign, in General Butler's staff, authorizing the issue
of forage and subsistence, but*of course clothing him with no rank
and giving no assurance as to pay.
I am. sir, verv respectfully, vour obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major Gemeral U. S. Army^ commanding .
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington^ D. C.
War Department,
Washington, June 8, 1846.
Sir : You will have received before this will reach you a brevet
commission of major general, and the President's order assigning
you to the command of the army on the Rio Grande, according to
your brevet rank. It is the President's intention to continue you
in that command, and to commit to you the conduct in the ensuing
campaign.
Owing to the irregular proceedings of General Gaines, in muster-
ing into service volunteers without authority, it is impossible for
the department to tell at this time what amount of force you have
under your command- but such as you have it is not doubted you
will employ to the 'best advantage in prosecuting vigorous opera-
tions against Mexico.
In my letter of the 28th ultimo, you were left to your own dis-
cretion and judgment as to the measures to be pursued before the
end of the unfavorable season shall be passed; and it is not now in-
tended to control that discretion. You best know what amount of
force you will have under your command, and what can be' best
accomplished with that force.
It is presumed you will hold both banks of the Rio Grande, to a
considerable distance from its mouth, and secure the uninterrupted
use of that river for the transportation of supplie-i. I hope you
will be able to take and hold in possession all places on it as hio-h
up as Laredo.
It is proper that I should advise you that a considerable force
324 Ex. Boc. No. 60.
"which will be also under your command, will scon assemble atSan
Antonio de Bexar. . The ultimate destination of this force is Chi-
huahua, if it should be determined that such an "expedition would
have a favorable operation in the conduct of the v;ar; but it mig;ht
be at once used to take and secure the several places on the Rio
Grande. Though we have no despatch from you since those giving
an account of the battles on the 8th and 9th of May, we have such
information as induces the belief that you are in possession of
Matamoras, and that you are not now threatened with any consid-
erable Mexican force. It is desirable that you should find yourself
in sufficient strength to capture and hold Monterey with your
present force. You are apprized that large reinforcements are pre-
paring to join you. Besides the regular forces now under your
command, and which will be speedily augmented, you will soon
have nearly 20,000 volunteers, (including those to rendezvous at
San Antonio de Bexar,) who are to serve for one year. Your de-
terminations as to immediate movements will, therefore, be some-
what influenced by the consideration of the additional force which
will soon join you.
Much apprehension is felt as to uhat is called the unhealthy
season. All agree that it is sickly on the coast, and it is the gen-
eral opinion that it is healthy in the interior. Your positions
should have a particular reference to this consideration. All the
towns on the Rio Grande above Matamoras are represented to be
healthy, and Monterey, in the interior, particularly so. It is there-
fore hoped that you may be enabled to place a considerable part of
your troops in these towns until the fall campaign shall open. In
taking positions, I scarcely need observe that Ihe means of getting
supplies, transporting munitions of war, as well as the ability to
keep open the channels by which these supplies and munitions are
to be furnished, are-points to be well considered. Your informa-
tion as to the practicability of effecting these objects, and as to the
probable ability of the enemy to interrupt your lines of communi-
cation, and to oppose formidable obstacles to your controlling both
banks of the river and to taking and holding MonJ;erey, is far better
than any which can be obtained here.
I have nothing to add to w^hat was said in my last letter to you
in regard to retaining in the service those now with you who have
epgaged for a less term than a year. You will not discharge, until
the end of their term, those who will not engage as volunteers
under the act of the I3th May last, if they can be advantageously
employed in carrying on your immediate operations.
The President is desirous of receiving, and hopes soon to be
favored with, your views and suggestions in relation to the fall
campaign. His determination is to have the war prosecuted with
vigor, and to embrace in the objects to be compassed in that cam-
paign such as will dispose the enemy to desire an end of the war.
Shall the campaign be conducted with the view of striking at the
city of Mexico; or confined, so far as regards the Torce-s under your
immediate couimand, to the northern provinces of Mexico? Your
views on this point will doubtless have an important influence upon
^ . Ex. Doc. No, 60, 325
the determination of the government here. Should our army pene-
trate far into the interior of Mexico, how are supplies to be ob-
tained? Can they be, to any considerable extent, drawn from the
enemy's country, or must they be obtained from the United Statesi
If the latter, what are the facilities and difficulties of transporta-
tion? These are very important questions, and the ans^yers to them
will have an essential bearing in settling the plan and objects of
the campaign; and it is desired that you should express your views
fully in regard to them.
Again, it is important to know your opinion of the description of
troops best adapted to operations in the interior of Me^cico; what
proportion should be infantry, artillery, and cavalry, &c. A peace
must be conquered in the shortest space of time practicable. Your
views of the manner of doing it are requested. It is not doubted
that you will push your advantages to the utmost extent it can be
done with the means at your command.
With this you will receive a statement of the volunteer force
which it is proposed to muster forthwith into service, the descrip-
tion thereof, and the places designated for rendezvous.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding Array of Occupation on the Rio Grande Texas.
[No. 3.j Head-quarters of the Army,
Washington^ June 12, 1846.
Sir: Having been assigned to duty in your present position ac-
cording to your higher brevet rank, by order of the President of
the United States, it is his intention to charge you with the gen-
eral command of all the United States land forces, regular and vol-
unteer, operating or to be directed against the republic of Mexico,
below the province of New Mexico, .with a view to the conque^ of
a speedy and honorable peace of that republic.
After the zeal, intelligence, and prowess you have exhibited in
the military service of your country, it is considered that no ex-
ternal stimulus to promptitude and energy, in the further prosecu-
tion of the present war, is deemed necessary.
The adjutant general will make you acquainted with the forces, '
regular and twelve-month volunteers, who have been recently or-
dered to report to you.
Of other yolunteers for shorter periods of service, who have joined
or may join you, and who, after reaching you, may volunteer for a
twelve month, we can here make no accurate estimate. Thewhole
volunteer force, for twelve months, it is now intended to place
under your general command, is (say) 16,280.* Should you deem
•Exclusive of those who may re-volunt&er, as suggested above, for twelve months.
326 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
an augmentation necessary, your wishes will be favorably consid-
ered. Recruits to fill up the ranks of the regular companies which
are with you, or ordered to join you, to (say) about seventy men
each, shall be sent forward as fast as practicable, so as to give you^
we hope, in a short time, a total force of about 23,070 men.
Without jvaiting for the arrival of that amount of force, but be-
fore, and as soon as you shall deem it safe, in respect to the rela-
tive pumbers and positions of the enemy, your knowledge of the
country, your supplies and means of transportation, it is the wish
and expectation of the President that, with your accustomed en-
ergy, you take up lines of march beyond the Rio Grande, and press
your operations towards the heart of the enemy's country; that is,
upon such important points as you may deem necessary to conquer
and to hold. The high road to the capital of Mexico wall, of
cour.se, be one of those lines; and, if successful in your advances,
the establishment of posts in your rear, well guarded, according to
their distances from each other, and the dangers of recapture, will
be objects demanding your care. How far it may be necessary for
for you to penetrate, if not, at least, to the capital, and what halts
you may find it proper to make short of that mark, will, of course,
depend upon the events of the war. Should continued success at-
tend your operations, you may some time before be met by the
proposition to treat for peace, with an intermediate armistice. No
such proposition will be entertained by you, without your being
first satisfied that it is made in good faith, and without your being
in possession, or put by stipulation into possession, of such com-
manding positions as will insure good faith on the part of the en-
emy. Being satisfied on this point, you may conclude an armis-
tice for a limited time, and refer the proposition to treat of peace
to the government here. In such case, it should be stipulated that,
pending the armistice, the authorities of the enemy's country shall
furnish your army with all necessary supplies, according, &nd as
near as practicable, to our regulations, for which you may agree
to pass the proper receipts; leaving the payment or the settlement on
account of such supplies to the definitive treaty of peace between
th^belligerents. But, as th-e credit of the Mexican government
may be bad even with its own people, you may still be forced, du-
ring the armistice, as before, to rely on cash payments for all your
necessary supplies. The contingent difficulty is here suggested,
that you may turn it in your mind in advance. Instructions will
be given here at once, to cause the disbursing staff officers with
you to be well supplied with cash, for prompt payments, to satisfy
justice, and to conciliate the people among whom you are to carry
on military operations.
An expedition set on foot against the province of N^w Mexico,
and probably North California, under Colonel Kearny, is consid-
ered, on account of the distance of his theatre of operations from
yours, as independent of your general command, unless, indeed,
events should bring him, unexpectedly, down the Rio Grande, or
south, within your sphere. In such event, you may extend yoifr
orders to him, directly, or through Brigadier General Wool-.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 327
Of the troops ordered upon San Antonio, it is intended by the
President, as intimated in the copy of instructions (herewith) to
Brigadier General Wool, that a large portion should, under his
immediate command, be directedvby you, under the proper general
instructions, against the city of Chihuahua and other important
points you may indicate within the province of that . name, in
order to capture and to hold the same, subject to a dejinitive treaty
of peace. The particular forces to constitute this expedition, the
President has, to some degree, himself designated, viz: The cav-
alry, or mounted regiments from Tennessee arfd Arkansas, (two in
all,) and one regiment of infantry or rifle from each of the States
of Kentucky and Illinpis. Such I understand to be his wish — not
his positive command — in respect to those regiments of twelve-
month volunteers. Thinjiing an addition of regular troops might
be needed with that expedition, I have ordered upon San Antonio
de Bexar two companies of the 1st United States dragoons, from
Fort Gibson; one company of the United States 4th artillery^
(Washington's,) with a harnessed battery, and two companies of
the 6th United States infantry from Fort Smith. All those regular
companies may be computed at about seventy men each. ' So many
of them as you may deem necessary, you will put under the imme-
diate command of Brigadier General Wool, as a part of the expe-
dition against Chihuahua. The latter should be instructed by you
not to interfere with the expedition under Colonel Kearny, except
as above; but avail himself of, or make, opportunities to commu-
nicate occasionally with the colonel. In respect to reciprocal com-
munications, Colonel Kearny will receive instructions from me, as
such intercommunications may become useful or necessary to all
parties.
Any forces remaining at San Antonio, beyond those you may
order to march upon Chihuahua, will, of course, be subject to be
disposed of according to your general plan of operations.
I need scarcely to direct your attention to the high importance
of obtaining frequent, and, as far as possible, accurate intelligence
of the enemy's numbers, positions, movements, and designs. For
this purpose, many employes^ each known only to yourself or (^le
of your staff, will probably be needed. They, of course, must be
more oc less liberally p'aid by the quartermaster's department — in
each case on your orders, or, in highly confidential cases, directly
by yourself, out of money drawn by you specially from that de-
partment. You may extend like instructions to the commanders
of any columns under your orders on detached and distant ser-
vice. . •
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
• Brevet Major Gen. Taylor,
U. S. .'^rrny, commanding^ 8fc.
328 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Adjutant GeneraVs OJjice^ Washington^ June 11, 1846.
General: On completing the duties to which you were specially
assigned, in instructions from this office d ited the 28th ultimo, I
am directed by the major general commanding the array to desire
you to repair without delay to San Antonio de Berxar, Texas, and
there assume the immediate command of the troops, regulars and
volunteers, ordered to that point.
Brevet Major Gen^eral Taylor having been assigned to duty ac-
cording to his higher brevet, by the President of the United States,
and charged with the command of all the land forces of the United
States operating, or to operate against the 'republic of Mexico in
that quarter, you will previously, and after your arrival, report
yourself, by letter, to him, from whom you will probably soon re-
ceive instructions to march, with a part of the troops assembling
at San Antonio, against Chihuahua, the capital of the province
of that name. In advance of such instructions, you will hold
yourself in readiness for that particular expedition.
Captain Washington's company of light artillery (full battery)
is en route for San Antonio de Bexar; and two companies of the
1st dragoons, and two companies of the 6th infantry, drawn from
Forts Smith and Gibson, are under orders for the same point.
This regular force will, it is supposed, constitute a part of your
command.
As soon as you can dispense with the services of Colonel Groghan,
the general-in-chief directs that you order him to report in person
to Brevet Major General Taylor for duty as inspector general.
In reply to your letter of the 5th instant, on the subject of arms
and equipments required for the volunteer regiments, I may refer
you to Lieutenant Colonel Talcott's communication of the 5th in-
stant, which apprizes you of the measures adopted by the Ordnance
Department to insure the prompt and adequate supply.
I am, general, ve^y respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. JONES, Adjutant General.
Brigadier General John E. Wool,
• United States Jirmy, Cincinnati^ Ohio,
[With the approbation of the War Department, I propose to write
immediately to General Taylor, as follows:]
[No. 4.] Head-quarters of the Army,
Washington J June 15, 1846.
Sir: For the greater certainty of reception, I send, herewith, 'a
duplicate of my letter to you of the 12th instant.
• You will please consider this not.e as a post scriptum to that
letter.
Should you be met, as therein supposed, by a proposition to
treat for a peace, under circumstances which you may deem suffi-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 329
ciently formal and sincere, you may, with or without agreeing to
an armistice, at your own sound discretion — looking to the intima-
tions of that letter on the subject — grant written passports for the
use of any minister or commissioner, and his suite, who may be
duly appointed by the Mexican government to treat with that of
the United States, to enable such legation to communicate with
our blockading squadron on the gulf of Mexico coast, or to enable
the legation to pass, by land, our military posts in your rear. In
the latter case, a small military escort to (say) Point Isabel, with
permission to the legation to take passage in some vessel thence to
(say) New Orleans, may be necessary.
I remain, sir, with high respect, your most obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
[I think the within should be sent, to General T. W. L, M.]
[No. 56. J Head-Quarters, Army of Occupation,
Mafamoras, June 26, 1846.
Sir: I have only time, before the mail leaves, to acknowledge
the receipt, by the steamer " Alabama," of the following commu-
nications and orders from the War Department and general head-
quarters:
From the Secretary of War, of May 28, 29, and 30, and June 4
and 8, that of May 30 enclosing an order assigning me to duty as
brevet major general, and a copy of a letter from the President,
and that of June 4, accompanying several packages of printed pro- "
clamations.
From your office, of May 30 and June 9, copies of your commu-
nications to General Wool of June 1, and Colonel P. F. Smith of
June 2, and a copy of memoranda for the chiefs of the staff depart-
ments, dated May 18.
"General orders" Nos. 14 to 19 inclusive.
"Special orders" Nos. 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, and 51.
The many points requiring my attention in the above communi-
cations will receive it without delay. '
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brev. Maj. Gen. U. S. Army, commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, D. C.
[No. 58.] Head-quarters, Aemy of Occupation,
Matamoras, July 2, 1846.
Sir: In re'ply to the communications of the Secretary of War
dated May 28 and June 8, and to that of the general-in-chief dated
June 12, I have the honor to submit the following views in regard
330 Ex Doc. No. 60.
to the operations against Mexico from this quarter. I will remark
that my constant efforts to procure information in relation to the
nature of the country, amount of supplies, &c , have not been as
satisfactory as I could wish, the various accounts often differing
even in important particulars. Either from the ignorance or inte-
rested .motives of those who profess to give information, it is ex-
tremely difficult to obtain any upon which we can implicitly rely.
In calling upon the States of Louisiana and Texas for an auxiliary
force of about 5,000 men, it was my expectation with that force to
be able to clear the course of the Rio Grande as high as Laredo,
and to occupy or control the country to the foot of the mountains,
capturing and holding Monterey, if circumstances permitted. With
the proper river transportation, this could have been easily done:
a depot would now have been established at Camargo, and our
operations pushed up the valley of the San Juan. The difficulties
and embarrassments that I have experienced for want of such trans-
portation have already been sufficiently made known. These diffi-
culties have been increased by the great excess of volunteers that
have been sent out — say 3,000 men beyond my original call. I
nevertheless propose, upon ihe arrival of the steamers now hourly
expected, to throw^ forward this force wdth the regular troops to
Camargo, and establish there a depot and base from which to
operate towards the mountains. My reasons for retaining these
six- months volunteers in service have been set forth in another
communication; and 1 desire, from motives of health and other
considerations, to keep them employed as actively as possible.
The twelve-months volunteers can in the mean time form camps at
healthy points in my rear, and, while receiving instruction, await
the season for more extensive operations. The above dispositions
can be made in the rainy seasons perhaps better than at any other
time, as the river is then in a good navigable state. For operating
%vith a heavy force, say 6,000 men, from this point towards Monte-
rey and Saltillo, through which passes the only artillery route
across the mountains, it is indispensable to employ the river as a
channel of supply, and the valley of the San Juan, on one of the
heads of which Monterey is situated, as a line of operations-. The
direct land route from this point to Monterey is much longer than
the line from Camargo; in wet weather, impassable for artillery or
heavy wagons, and in dr}' scantily supplied with water. Assuming,
then, Camargo as the depot, and the valley of the San Juan as the
line of operations, the question arises, what amount of supplies
can be obtained, and how can a column be subsisted on this route?
It is pretty v.-ell determined that we cannot depend upon any con-
siderable supply of breadstuffs short of Monterey, or perhaps Sal-
tillo, seventy-five miles further south. Beef in abundance, it is
believed, may be procured; and on this, with perhaps occasional
issues of mutton, we must mainly depend for the meat part of the.
ration. From Camargo to Saltillo, then, we must expect to depend
upon our depot for bread; and I am of opinion, from aU I can learn
of the resources of the country in pack mules and means of trans-
portation generally, that a column exceeding 6,000 men cannot be.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 331
maintained in bread alone as far as Saltillo. Saltillo itself is at no
great distance from two 5r three fertile grain-growing districts;
but how far the production in those districts may exceed the supply,
I cannot with any certainty determine.
The above calculations in regard to subsistence are made on the
supposition that we shall find the people of the country, if not
friends, at least passive, and willing to part with their produce to
the best advantages. I believe we shall find such to be their tem-
per on this side of the mountains; whether this neutrality or indif-
ference extends beyond, may well be questioned. Should they
prove hostile, destroy their corps, and drive away their stock, it
will be an extremely difficult matter to sustain a column at Sal-
tillo— still more so to pass beyond that city.
Supposing a column of the above strength (say 6,000 men) able
to maintain itself at Saltillo, it will become a question, depending
for its solution upon the elements above indicated, how far -that
force may be increased, or what amount of the twelve months vol-
unteers may be safely and profitably thrown forward from the rear,
with a view to future operations.
From Camargo to the city of Mexico is a line little if any short
of 1,000 miles in length. The resources of the country are, to say
the best, not superabundant, and over long spaces of the route are
known to be deficient. Although the road, as we advance south,
approaches both seas, yet the topography of the country, and the
consequent character of the communications, forbid the taking up
a new line of supply either from Tampico or the l^'acific coast.
Except in the case (deemed improbable) of entire acquiesence, if
not support, on the part of the Mexican people, I consider it im-
practicable to keep open so long a line of communication. It is,
therefore, my opinion that our operations from this frontier should
not look to the city of Mexico, but should be confined to Cutting
off the northern provinces — an undertaking of comparative facility
and assurance of success.
With the view of cutting off the northern provinces, the pro-
jected expedition from San Antonio to Chihuahua may be of great
importance. From the best information, ho\vever, which I now
possess, I would suggest mounted troops alone for that expedition.
I am satisfied that the route from that point to Chihuahua is not
practicable for artillery or wagons, and infantry would rather em-
barras the movement of a mounted expedition. Mounted howitz-
ers, to be packed, with their carriages, on mules, might be advan-
tageously employed on that service, and indeed with the column"
designed to penetrate to Saltillo. There may be a great difficulty
in supplying any considerable force between San Antonio and Chi-
huahua, although the line is not very long — probably not exceeding
300 miles. I hope to procure better information than any I now
possess in regard to this route.
It will be perceived that my remarks on the line of operations
from the Rio Grande southward have been confined to the question
of subsistence, which is certainly the mest important one to be
considered. There are military obstacles on the route, particularly
332 ' Ex. Doc. No. 60.
in the space between VTonterey and Sa^illo, where the defile cf
"La Riconada" is represented to be of great strength. This point,
and perhaps others, if fortified, may give us some trouble; but if
they can be turned by light troops — and such I believe to be the
case — they will not long impede our march.
In regard to the " description of troops best adapted to operations
in the interior of Mexico," I am scarcely prepared at this tune to
give a definite reply. The facility or difficulty of obtaining forage
must necessarily control to some extent the amount of cavalry em-
ployed. At the estate of the Conde de Jarral, some 40 leagues
from Saltillo, there will, I understand, be no difficulty in obtaining
a remount v/hen necessary, and forage for the cavalry. The field
artillery under my orders (four batteries, including Washington's)
will, particularly if filled up to the complement of guns, be quite
sufficient for any operation in this quarter. We may have occasion
for heavier guns, and I have directed two 12-pounder field guns to
be procured, which, with the 24-pounder howitzers now in depot at
Point Isabel, will constitute an efficient battery. We shall have
two, perhaps three, regiments of horse from Texas under ray orig-
inal call. They are now organizing, under the governor's direc-
tions, at Point Isabel. These are six-months men. Should I find
it necessary to increase the eavalry force, I can draw certainly one
regiment from San Antonio and still leave quite enough for the ex-
pedition to Chihuahua.
I have given my views on most of the points connected with the
operations from this frontier, purposly abstaining from any refer-
ence to movements against Tampico or Vera Cruz. The former
place, I am induced to believe, could have been easily taken a month
since, and could be so even now; but the yellow fever would not
have permitted us to hold it, and I deemed it best to undertake no
movement in that direction at this season of the year. Should we
advance as far as San Luis Potosi, which has a communication,
though not for wheels, with Tampico, the possession of the latter
place would be important.
I am awaiting with the utmost impatience the arrival of -steam-
boats suited to the navigation of this river to establish a depot at
Camargo, and throw the troops gradually forward to that point.
The rainy season has commenced, and the river is now in the best
possible condition for navigation. Several boats were to leave New
Orleans about the 20th of June. If not wrecked in the recent se-
vere gales, they may be hourly expected here.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, general, your obedient
servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Major General U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 333
[confidential. j War Department,
Washingtofij July 9, 1846.
Sir: The proclamation which you were directed to spread among
the Mexican people, will have put you in possession of the -views
of the government in relation to the mode of carrying on the war,
and also in relation to the manner of treating the inhabitants. The
war is only carried on to obtain justice, and the sooner that can be
obtained, and with the least expenditure of blood and money, the
better. One of the evils of war is the interruption of diplomatic
communications between the respective authorities, and the conse-
querrt ignorance under which each party may lie in relation to the
views of the other. The natural substitute of these interrupted
diplomatie, communications, is the military intercourse which the
usages of war allow between contending armies in the field, and in
which commanding generals can do much towards re-opening ne-
gotiations, and smoothing the way to a return of peace.
The President has seen, with much satisfaction, the civility and-
kindness with which you have treated your prisoners, and all the
inhabitants with whom you have come in contact. He wishes that
course of conduct continued, and all opportunities taken to con-
ciliate the inhabitants, and to let them see that peace is within
their reach the moment their rulers will consent. to do us justice.
The inhabitants should be encouraged to remain in their towns and
villages, and these sentiments be carefully made known to them.
The same things may be said to officers made prisoners, or who
may visit your head-quarters according to the usages of war; and
it ig the wish of the President that such visits be encouraged; and,
also, that you take occasions to send officers to the head-quarters of
the enemy for the military purposes, real or ostensible, which are
of ordinary occurrence between armies, and in which opportunity-
may be taken to speak of the war itself a.s only carried on to ob-
tain justice, and that we had much rather procure that by negotia-
tion than by fighting. Of course authority to speak of your gov-
ernment will be disavowed, but a knowledge of its wishes will be
averred, and a readiness will be expressed to communicate to your
government the wishes of the Mexican government to negotiate
for honorable peace, whenever such shall be their wish, and with
the assurance that such overtures will be met in a corresponding
spirit by your government. A discreet officer, who understands
Spanish, and -who can be employed in the intercourse so usual be-
tween armies, can be your confidential agent on such occasions, and
can mask his real under his ostensible object of a military inter-
view.
You will also readily comprehend that in a country so divided
into races, classes, and parlies, as Mexico is, and with so many
local divisions among departments, and personal divisions amono-
individuals, there must be great room for operating on the minds
and feelings of large portions of the inhabitants, and inducing
them to wish success to an invasion which has no desire to injure
their country; and which, in overthrowing their oppressors, may
benefit themselves. Between the Spaniards, who monopolize the
334 Ex. Doc. No. 60
wealth and power of the country, and the mixed Indian race, who
bear its burdens, there must be jealousy and animosity. The same
feelino-s must exist between the lower and higher orders of the
clergyj the latter of whom have the dignities and the revenues,
while the former have poverty and labor. ^ In fact, the curates
were the chief authors of the revolution which separated Mexico
from Spain, and their relative condition to their superiors is not
much benefited by it. Between the political parties into which the
country is divided, there must be some more, liberal and more
friendly to us than others; the same may be said of rival chiefs,
political and military; and even among the departments there are
local antipathies and dissensions. In all this field of division — in
all these elements of social, political, personal, and Ic^cal discord
— there must be openings to reach the interests, passions, or prin-
ciples of some of the parties, and thereby to conciliate their good
will, and make them co-operate with us in bringing about an hon-
orable and a speedy peaae. The management of these delicate
movements is confided to your discretion; but they are not to
paralyze the military arm, or in any degree to arrest or retard your
military movements. These must proceed vigorously. Policy and
force are to be combined; and the fruits of the former will be
prized as highly as those of the latter.
It is seen from the Mexican papers, that great attempts are made
to prejudice and exaspei'ate the minds of the people against us.
The war is represented on their part as one of "national existence;"
as if it was our wish to destroy the Mexican nation! It is repre-
sented as a war of "rapine and plunder;" as if we intended to rob
and oppress the people? It is represented as a war of "impiety;"
as if we were going to rob churches and pull down altars! The
conduct of yourself, your officers, and men, has shown to all Mexi-
can citizens that you have met, and as far as you have gone, the
injustice and absurdity of all these imputations; but they are still
systematically propagated through the country, and must find be-
lievers in a country where ignorance is so great, and the means of
disseminating truth so small. The counteraction of these injurious
imputations will be your particular duty; first, by a continuation
of your just and honorable conduct towards the people, their pro-
perty and religion, and kindness to prisoners; and next, by making
it a point in your interviews with the commanders of the army of
the enemy to speak of these unjust imputations, for the purpose of
correcting them. It is the President's wish not only to bring the
war to a speedy conclusion, but so to conduct it as to leave no
lasting animosities behind to prejudice the future friendship and
commerce of the two countries; nor to permit injurious reports to
go forth to excite the ill will of the other republics, of Spanish
origin, against us.
Availing yourself of divisions which you may find existing among
the Mexican people — to which allusion has been made — it will be
your policy to encourage the separate departments or States, and
especially those which you may invade and occupy, to declare their
independence of the central government of Mexico, and either to
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 335
become our allies, or to assume, as it is understood Yucatafi has
done, a neutral attitude in the existing war between the United
States and Mexico. In such of the departments or states as may
take this course, you w'ill give the inhabitants assurances of the
protection of your army until the return of peace, so far as may be
consistent with your military plans of operation. When peace is
made, they may decide for. themselves their own form of govern-
ment. In such departments as may be conquered, or assume a neutral
attitude, you may, at your discretion, observe the same course of
conduct as that presented in the instructions given to General Kear-
ny by the department on the 3d day of June, 1846. A copy of the
instructions to General Kearny is herewith transmitted to you.
No reply has yet been received to the inquiries contained in my
letter addressed lo you on the 8th of June last. From your supe-
rior opportunities of acquiring correct information of the country
to be invaded, and the facilities or difficulties of conducting a suc-
cessful campaign through it, much reliance will be placed on your
opinions. If, from all the information which you may communi-
cate to the department, as well as that derived from other sources,
it should appear that the dilflculties and obstacles to the conductino-
of a campaign from the Rio Grande, the present base of your opera-
tions, for any considerable distance into the interior of Mexico,
will be very great, the department will consider whether the main
invasion should not ultimately take place from some other point on
the coast — say Tampico, or some other point in the vicinity of Vera
Cruz. This suggestion is made with a view to call your attention
to it, and to obtain from you such information as you may be able
to impart. Should it be determined that the main army should in-
vade Mexico at some other point than the Rio Grande — say the vi-
cinity of Vera Cruz — a large and sufficieat number of transport ves-
sels could be placed at the mouth of the Rio Grande by the time
the healthy season sets in — say early in November. The main
army, with all its munitions, could be transported, leaving a sufh-
cient force behind to hold and occupy the Rio Graqjde, and ail the
towns and provinces which you may have conquered before that
time. In the event of such being the plan of operations, your
opinion is desired what increased force, if f'ny, will be required to
carry it out with success. We learn that the army could be disem-
barked a few miles distant from Vera Cruz, and readily invest the
town in its rear, without coming within the range of the guns of
the fortress of San Juan d'Ulloa. The town could be readily taken
by land, while the fortress, being invested by land and sea,*and all
communication cut off, must soon fall. From Vera Cruz to the
city of Mexico there is a fine road, upon which the diligences or
stage coaches run daily. The distance from Vera Cruz to the city
of Mexico is not more than one-third of that from the Rio Grande,
to the city of Mexico. Upon these important points, in addition to
those mentioned in my letter of the Sth of June, your opinion and
views are desired at the earliest period your duties will permit you
to give them. In the mean time the department confidently lielies
on you to press forward your operations vigorously to the extent
336 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
of yotur means, so as to occupy the important points within your
reach on the Rio Grande, and in the interior. It is presumed that
Monterey. Chihuahua, and other places in your direction, will be
taken and held. If in your power to give the information, the de-
partment desires to be informed of the distance from Chifiuahua to
GiiaymaSy on the gulf of California; whether there be a road over
which ordnance and baggage wagons could be taken, and whether
it be practicable for an army to march from the former to the latter
place, and what time would probably be required for mounted men,
and what time for infantry or artillery, to do so. This information
is desired before the department can be prepared to decide upon
the propriety of sending forward such an expedition.
Your answer to this communication you will please to address
directly to the President of the United States.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient ser-
vant,
W. L. MARCY.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding J ^c.
Head-quarters, Abmy of Occupation,
Matamoras^ Jiugust 1, 1846.
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of the confi-
dential communication of the Secretary of' War, dated July 9, and
to present the following remarks in relation to the several poinds
embraced in it. Agreeably to the injunction of the Secretary, this
communication is addressed directly to the President of the United
States.
1st. As to the intercourse with the enemy, and means of obtain-
ing information with regard to his movements, &c., I fear that no
very satisfactory results will be obtained in the way proposed. The
Mexican generals and other officers have exhibited, since the com-
mencement of hostilities, a determination to hold with us as little
intercourse as possible. A m.o«t rigid non- intercourse has been ob-
served throughout, and since the 17th of June no communication
whatever has passed betv/een the head-quarters of the two armies.
I shall not fail to improve such occasions, when they present them-
selves, in the manner pointed out by the Secretary. Since crossing
the Rio Grande, it has been my conj^tant aim to conciliate the peo-
ple of the country; and I have the satisfaction of believing that
much has been done towards that object, not only here, but at Rci-
nosa, Camargo, and other towiis higher up the river. The only
, obstacle I encounter in carrying out this desirable policy, arises
from the employment of volunteer troops. Some excesses have
been committed by them upon the people and their property, and
more, I fear, are to be apprehended. With every exertion, it is
impissible effectually to control these troops, unaccustomed as they
are to the discipline of camps, and losing in bodies the restraining
Ex. Doc. No. 60.. 337
sense of individual responsibility. With increased length of ser-
vice, these evils, it is hoped, -vvill diminish.
2d.' In regard to availing ourselves of internal divisions and dis-
cords among" the Mexicans, it is hardly time yet to say how far this
may be relief upon as an element of success. I have good reason
to believe that the^country lying between the Rio Grande and Sierra
Madra is disposed to throw of the yoke of the central government^
and will, perhaps, do so as soon as it finds a strong American force
between it and the capital. I shall do all in my power to encour-
age this movement, of -which I received indications from many
quarters, and shall comply fully with the instructions of the Secre-
tary on that point.
3d. As to the military operations best calculated to secure an
early and honorable peace, my report of 2d July will have put the
department in possession of my views touching operations in this
quarter, and I ha've now little to add to that report. V/hether a
large force can be subsisted beyond Monterey, must be determined
by actual experiment, and will depend much upon the disposition
of the inhabitants towards us. If a column (say, 10,000 men) can
be sustained in provisions at Saltillo, it may advance thence upon
San Luis Potosi, and I doubt not w^ould speedily bring proposals
for peace. If, on the other hand, a column cannot be sustained
beyond Monterey, it will be for the government to determine, from
considerations of state, whether a simple occupation of the frontier
departments, (including Chihuahua and New Mexico,) or, in addi-
tion to such occupation, an expedition against the capital, (by way
of Vera Cruz,) be most expedient. I cannot give a positive opinion
as to the practicability of an expedition against Vera Cruz, or the
amount of force that would probably be required for it. The De-
partment of War must be much better informed than I am on that
point. From the impracticable character of the routes from Tam-
pico, particularly that leading to Mexico, I should judge an expe-
dition against the capital from that point to be out of the question.
The simultaneous embarkation of a large body of troops at Brazos
Santiago, as proposed in the Secretary's communication, would be
attended with great difficulty, if we may judge from the delays and
danger which accompany the unloading of single transports, 'owing
to the almost perpetual roughness of the bar and boisterous charac-
ter of the anchorage. It may also well be questioned whether a
force of volunteers, without much instruction, more than those now
here can receive in season for such an expedition, can prudently be
allowed to form the bulk of an army destined for so delicate an
operation as a descent upon a foreign co.ast, where it can have no
proper base of operations or supplies.
I have already had occasion to represent to the department that
the volunteer force ordered to report to me here is much greater
than I can possibly employ — at any rate in the first instanc-e; the<.
infliux of twelve-months volunteers has even impeded my forward
movement by engrossing all the resources of the quartermaster's
department to land them and transport them to healthy positions.
This circumstance, in connexion with the possibility of an expedi-
22
338 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
tioa against , leads me to regret that one division of the
volunteers had not been encamped^ say, at^Pass Christian, where it
could have been instructed until its services were required in the
field.
These embarrassments, however, are now mostly overcome; the
regular force is nearly all at Camargo, and all the arrangements
are made to throw forward the volunteers to the same point.
The President may be assured that no one laments more than I
do the inevitable difficulties and delays that have attended our
operations here, and that no exertion of mine has been or will be
wanting to press forward the campaign with all possible vigor.
But I deem it indispensable to take such amount of force and ob-
serve such precautions as not to leave success a matter of doubt.
In answer to the inquiry relative to the route from Chihuahua to
Guaymas, I have the honor to submit a memorandum derived from
, an American gentleman residing in this place, who has
lived in Chihuahua, and travelled over the routes. The distances
on the mule route are probably overrated, as it is a direct route
■across the mountains. The wagon road by the city of Arispe is the
only one practicable for artillery.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, sir, your obedient
servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. »/5., commanding.
To His Excellency the Hon. James K. Polk, ,
President of the United States, Washington, D. C.
Memorandum of two routes from Chihuahua to Guaymas — one a
^ wagon road, the other to he travelled only with mules and packs.
The wagon road from Chihuahua to Guaymas leads at first in a
northwest direction 'to the small village of Carmel, upon a large
creek, 110 miles; the next village is Galeuna, also on a Large creek,
50 miles; then Casas Grandes, 36 miles; then Presidio de Yanos,
39 miles. This is the most northwest settlement, at a distance of
235 miles from Chihuahua. From this point the road bears to the
southward, having made this turn to avoid the high mountains. At
70 miles from Yanos the Sonora line is crossed, and we enter the
department or State of that name. It is thence 80 miles to Fron-
teras, thence 60 to Bacuachi, and 40 thence to Arispe, the capital
of the State; making from Yanos to Arispe 250 miles. Arispe con-
tains 5,000 inhabitants, and is on a small river called the Sonora
river. From Arispe to Pitic or Hermosillo it is 250 miles, and
thence to Guaymas 60 miles; making from Arispe to Guaymas 310
-miles, and from Chihuahua to Guaymas, by the wagon route, 795
miles. The mule route from Chihuahua to Guaymas, to be travelled
with packs only, leaves Chihuahua in a direction a little south of
west, to the mining town of Cosiquiriachi, 70 miles, then 40 miles
to Sierra Prieta, then-40 miles , to Conception, then over the first
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 339
mountain to .Tpsus Maria, 140 miles; making from Chihuahua to
Jesus Maria 260 miles. Jesus Maria being an extensive mining
town, numbers 10,000 inhabitants. Thence to Real de Alamos,
240 miles; thence to Pitic or liermosillo, 250 miles; and thence to
Guaymas, as before, 60 miles; making the distance from Chihuahua
to Guaymas, by the mule route, 810 miles. This route is over
stupendous mountains: it crosses the Hiaqui river, and passes
through the tribe of Indians of that name.
Wagon route.
€hihuahua to Carmel 110 miles.
to Galeuna 50 "
to Casas Grandes 36 "
to Presidio de Yanos 39 "
to Line of Sonora 80 "
to Fronteras 70 '*
to Bacuachi 60 "
to Arispe 40 '^
to Pitic 250 ''
to Guaymas 60 "
Chihuahua to Guaymas 795 "
Mule route.
Chihuahua to Cosiquiriachi 40 miles
to Sierra Prieta 40 ''
to Conception 40 "
to Jesus Maria 140 "
to Real de Alamos 240 <«
to Pitic 250 "
to Guaymas 60 ''
Chihuahua to Guaymas 810 "
[This despatch was intercepted by the enemy-]
War Department,
Washington, September 2, 1846.
Sir: It is intended to make a descent on the gulf coast of Mex-
ico as soon as the season shall have so far advanced as to render it
safe in regard to the health of our troops.
Our attention is turned to Tampico, as one of the places for the
attack. It may be important to take that place, and hold possession
of it and the surrounding country, with reference to yoiir line of
operations. Though our information is not so full and accurate as
we desire in relation to the interior of the country in the vici-
340 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
nity of Tampico, yet it is such as induces us to believe that this
■will be an important position to be occupied to facilitate the future
prosecution of the war. The possession of the northern provinces
of Mexico, as far south as San Luis de Potosi, is undoubtedly ari
important object with reference to bringing the war to a successful
termination. The difficulties you will encxDunter in pushing your
forces thus far can be much better appreciated by yourself than any
other. San Luis de Potosi is stated to be from 150 to 180 miles from
Tampico; and if there be a good road between these two places, as
some allege to be the case, while it is questioned by others, it
will be highly advantageous to have possession of Tampico, and to
penetrate the country from that point in the direction of San
Luis de Potosi with a considerable force. This matter is under con-
sideration, and will receive the attention it deserves. It is impor-
tant, in respect to the plan of operations to be adopted for a
movement on this point, that you should furnish the government
here at the earliest period with your opinion of the progress you
will be able to make on your present line of operations. When
you shall have arrived at Monterey, you w^ill be enabled to deter-
mine as to the practicability of your further progress. It is im-
portant that we should know whether you can reach San Luis de
Potosi, and your opinion on this point is particularly desired. The
administration is, to some extent, aware of the obstacles you will
have to encounter, of the difficulties of sustaining so long a line of
communication, and of the uncertainty as to the force which will
oppose you; but your better information on these several points will
enable you to form much more accurate opinions.
Your views, also, as to the effect of taking possession of Tampico,
of penetrating the enemy's country from that point, of the
amount and kind of force to be assigned to that service, are de-
sired.
It is not intended to weaken the force of your advancing column
by any movements on the coast. It is supposed that 1,500 or 2,000
men will be a sufficient number of troops to take and hold posses-
sion of Tampico. At least half of this force ought to be of the
regular army. These, it is presumed, can be obtained without with-
drawing any of that description of force now with you. The
amount of the volunteer force required for this purpose can be
taken from the Rio Grande, it is presumed, without too much weak-
ening that line.
As you are in a situation to obtain more full and accurate infor-
mation in relation to all the matters touched on in this communica-
tion, it is desirable — irfdeed, quite important — that the adminis-
tration should have your views upon them. It is unnecessary to
assure you that they will have an important influence upon its de-
terminations.
I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War,
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding U, S. army in Mexico.^ Camargo^ Mexico,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 341
War Department,
Washington, September 22, 1846.
Sir: You will perceive by a copy of a despatch, herewith confi-
dentially communicated, from the Mexican government, in reply to
one from our own, proposing to open negotiations for termi-
nating the existing war by a peace, just and honorable to both par-
ties, that the Mexican authorities have declined to treat at
this time, and defer definitive action on our offer until the advice
of a new" Congress, to assemble on the 6th of December next, can
be taken.
This determination on the part of our enemy has an important
bearing on our military movements, and suggests the propriet»y of a
change of policy in regard to our dealings with the people of the
country occupied by our troops.
Public opinion, it is to be presumed, will have some influence
upon the decision of that Congress. The progress of our arms,
and the positions we may occupy when that body shall come
together, cannot fail to have effect upon its action in regard to
our proposal to negotiate. Should the campaign be successful, and
our troops be in possession of important departments of the enemy's
country, the inducements for a speedy peace will be greatly
strengthened.
It is far from being certain that our military occupation of the
enemy's country is not a blessing to the inhabitants in the vicinity.
They are shielded from the burdens and exactions of their own au-
thorities, protected in their persons, and furnished 'with a most pro-
fitable%arket for most kinds of their property. A state of things
so favorable to their interests may induce them to wish the contin-
uance of hostilities.
The instructions heretofore given have required you to treat with
great kindness the people, to respect private property, and to ab-
stain from appropriating it to the public use without purchase at a
fair price. In some respects this is going far beyond the common
requirements of civilized warfare. An invading army has the un-
questionable right to draw its supplies from the enemy without pay-
ing for them, and to require contributions for its support. It may
be proper, and good policy requires, that discriminations should be
made in imposing thes* burdens. Those who are friendly disposed
or contribute aid should be treated with liberality, yet the enemy
may be made to feel the weight of the war, and thereby become in-
terested to use their best efforts to bring about a state of peace.
It is also but just that a nation which is involved in a war, to ob-
tain justice or to maintain its just rights, should shift the burden
of it, as far as practicable, from itself by throwing it upon the
enemy.
Upon the liberal principles of civilized warfare, either of three
modes may be pursued in relation to obtaining supplies from the
enemy. First, to purchase them on such terms as the inhabitants
of the country may choose to exact. Second, to pay a fair price,
without regard to the enhanced value resulting from the presence
342 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
of a foreign army; and, third, to require them as contributions,
"without paying or engaging to pay therefor.
This last mode is the ordinary one, and you are instructed to
adopt it, if in that way you are satisfied you can get abundant sup-
plies for your forces. But should you apprehend a difficulty in
this respect, then you will adopt the policy of paying the ordinary
price, without allowing to the owners the advantages of the en-
hancement of the price resulting from the increased demand.
Should you apprehend a deficiency under this last mode of dealing
with the inhabitants, you will be obliged to submit to their exact-
ions, provided by this mode you catt supply your wants on better
terms than by drawing what you may need from the United States.
Should you attempt to supply your troops by contributions or the
appropriation of private property, you will be careful to exempt
the property of all foreigners from any and all exactions whatso-
ever. The President hopes you will be able to derive from the
enemy's country, without expense to the United States, the sup-
plies you may need, or a considerable part of them; but should
you fail in this, you will procure them in the most economical
manner.
It is proposed to take possession of the department of Tamauli-
pas, or some of the principal places in it, at the earliest practica-
ble period. In this enterprise it is believed that a co-operation of
our squadron in the gulf will be important, if not necessary. It is
presumed that a force of about three or four thousand men will be
sufficient for this. purpose, one-third of which should be of the reg-
ular army. #
We have not now sufficiently accurate knowledge of the country
to determine definitively as to the manner of conducting this enter-
prise. The dangerous navigation of the gulf at this season of the
year induces the hope that a column may be advanced by land
from the present base of operations — the Rio Grande — and that it
may have an occasional communication with our ships in the gulf.
Should thisland route be adjudged impracticable, or a debarkation be
preferred, two points of landing have been suggested; one at the
bay of Santander, and the other at Tampico. If a force be landed
at the bay of Santaiider, or in the vicinity of Soto la Marina, it
could probably reach, without much difficulty, some of the princi-
pal places in the department of Tamaulipas,*and march to and take
possession of Tampico. While the route is yet open to be settled
as a better knowledge of the country may indicate, it is proper to
speak more in detail of the force to be employed in this service.
It is not proposed to withdraw ?ny of that now with you in your
advance into the interior, nor to divert any of the reinforcements
that you may need to carry on your operations in that quarter.
It is believed that a sufficient force of the regular army for this ex-
pedition— about on'e regiment — may be drawn from the seaboard,
including such companies as may have been left on the lower Rio
Grande, and can be spared for that purpose. If a column should
advance beyond that river into the interior of Tamaulipas, a part
of the troops now on that line might, it is presumed, be safely
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 343
■withdrawn to augment the invading column. It is not, however,
intended to weaken the force on that line any further than it can,
in your opinion, be safely done. m
It is also proposed to put the force for the invasion of Tamauli-
pas under the immediate command of Majot General Patterson, to
be accompanied by Brigadier Generals Pillow and Shields, unless
it should interfere with your previous arrangements with regard to
these officers. To prevent delay, General Patterson will be direct-
ed to make preparations for this movement, so far as it can be done
without disturbing your present arrangements on the Rio Grande,
and proceed immediately, and without further orders from the de-
partment, unless you should be of opinion that the withdrawal of
the force proposed for this expedition would interfere with your
operations. ' This direction is given to General Patterson because
the time necessary to receive information from you and return an
answer from the department may be the propitious moment for
operating with effect. The movement ought to be made with the
least possible delay consistently with the health of the troops. It
will be left to General Patterson, under your instructions, to decide
whetjier the movement shall be by land or by sea, or partly by
each. It is desired that you should give him your views in re-
gard to the last' mode of prosecuting this expedition, particularly
as to the amount and description of force, and the quantity and
kind of ordnance, &c., which may be required. Preparatory ar-
rangements will be immediately ordered here for fitting out the
expedition herein proposed, by which transports, provisions, &c.,
will be in readiness at the Brazos Santiago. By the time this com-
munication will be received by you, it is expected you will have
reached Monterey, and perhaps Saltillo, and be able to present to
the department a satisfactory opinion of your ability to progress
beyond that point. We shall anxiously look for information from
you. Your advance to San Luis Potosi, if practicable, is rendered
greatly more important by the movement contemplated to Tampico,
by which you will, it is believed, be enabled to effect a co-opera-
tion with the squadron, and with the column under Major General
Patterson, on a line in advance of the Rio Grande. The squadron
is now under orders to attack Tampico, with every prospect of
success, and the probability is that the place will be captured in
advance of General Patterson's movement.
I enclose for your perusal the last despatch received from Com-
modore Connor, which contains interesting information on Mexican
affairs.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
WM. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding Jirmy of Occupation on the Rio Grande.
344 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
War Department,
Washington, September 22, 1846.
• Sir: With this you will receive a copy of a despatch forwarded
to Major General Taylqr. In that despatch you will find the views
of the government in relation to an expedition to be fitted out to
take possession of the southern part of the department or State of
Tamaulipas. Unless General Taylor has made arrangements to
employ you otherwise, it is designed that this expedition shall be
under your iimiediate command. We have not the requisite infor-
mation to enable us to determine whether it shall be conducted by
land or by water or in part by each. It is very important that the
department here should be put in possession of all the information
which can be collected on the subject at the earliest period. You
are therefore directed to forward to this department, with the least
possible delay, all the facts you can collect on this subject. We
are aware that the land route is long; and butffor the dangerous
navigation at this season of the year, we should at once determine
to proceed along the coast by water and make debarkations at cer-
tain points. Your particular attention should be directed to this
matter. In case of a debarkation oa the coast, it is presumed a
smaller force would effect the objects of the enterprise than would
be required for a land expedition. You will perceive that I have
suggested in my communication to General Taylor that three or
four thousand men maybe considered a column of sufficient strength
for penetrating the interior of the department of Tamaulipas. Per-
haps w^e have not rightly estimated the obstacles which may be
brought to resist this movement. On this point the department de-
sires to be favored with your views. It is not anticipated that any
part of ihe force now with General Taylor can be withdrawn, and
it may be that he is calculating upon reinforcements. If so, then
it may be difficult to assemble a larger force than that named for
this undertaking.
The Rio Grande is regarded the base of operations, and that must
be firmly maintained. It is left, to General Taylor to determine
what force is necessary for that purpose. But the movement of
the expedition is not, as you will learn from my letter to General
Taylor, to be delayed for further direction from this place as to
the mode of advancing into the enemy's country. As soon as you
shall learn from General Taylor that a sufficient force for the enter-
prise can be spared, and receive his directions in regard to it, you
will Iqse no time in putting theto in execution. If General Taylor
should not give direction as to moving by land or water, the choice
will then be left for your determination. As soon as you have
settled this point, you will at once make known to the officers of
the several branches of thii public service now on the Rio Grande
what may be required. They will be instructed to comply with
your requisitions as expeditiously as practicable. Measures will be
adopted, by direction from this department, to have them prepared
to answer the requisitions you may make on them.
Should you determine to embark your troops in transports, it will
Ex. Doc. No. GO. 345
be necessary to give the earliest notice not only to the department,
but also to the commander of our squadron in the gulf, who will
be instructed to despatch a force to attend your movements and to
co-operale with you, should there be occasion for such aid.
It is proper to apprize you that the squadron has orders to attack
and capture Tampico. This may be done without waiting for the
presence of the land forces.
Your attention is directed to that part of the despatch to General
Taylor which relates to subsisting our troops while in the enemy's
country by supplies to be procured from the inhabitants thereof.
Should the representations which have been made of the friendly
feelings of the people of Taumaulipas towards the United States,
and of their dispositio-n to withdraw from the Mexican government,
be realized, you will treat them with great kindness and cherish
friendly relations with them. But should they manifest decidedly
hostile feelings towards our people and government, you will act
on the same principles in your treatment of them which have been
prescribed to General Taylor. This matter is left to your discre-
tion, which will be influenced and controlled by circumstances.
You will perceive that it is suggested in the communication to
General Taylor that Brigadier Generals Pillow and Shields should
be assigned to the expedition under your command. Should this
suggestion be adopted by him, you will, as a matter of course, avail
yourself of their services in collecting the information desired, and
in preparing for as well as in conducting the contemplated enter-
prise.
The department will expect from you, without the delay of send-
ing through General Taylor, a reply to this communication, em-
bracing your views and all the facts you may possess on the points
suggested for your consideration, and on any other having a bear-
ing on matters connected with the proposed expedition. This com-
munication, as well as that to General Taylor, will be sent by a
messenger, with instructions to deliver it to you, or in your ab-
sence, to either General Pillow or General Shields. He will pro-
ceed with that to General Taylor to his head-quarters. You will,
if in your power, afford him all necessary facilities for sending him
forward.
I have the honor to be, with great respect, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Patterson.
[No. 91.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp before Monterey ., September 25, 1846.
Sir: At noon on the 23d instant, whilst our troops were closely
engaged in the lower part of the city, as reported in my last de-
spatch, I received by a flag a communication from the governor of
the State of New Leon, which is herewith enclosed, ^No. 1.) To
this communication I deemed it my duty to return an answer, de-
346 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
dining to allow the inhabitants to leave the city. By 11 o'clock,
p. m., the second division, which had entered the town from the
direction of the bishop's palace, had advanced within one square
of the principal plaza and occupied the city up to that point. The
mortar had in the mean time been placed in battery in the cemetery,
within good range of the heart of the town, and was served through-
out the night with good effect.
Early in the morning of the 24th I received a flag from the town,
bearing a commusication from General Ampudia, which I en-
close, (No, 2,) and to which I returned the answer, (No. 3.) I
also arranged with the bearer of the flag a cessation of fire
until 12 o'clock, which hour I appointed to receive the final
answer of General Ampudia, at General Worth's head-quarters.
Before the appointed time, however. General Ampudia had signi-
fied to General Worth his desire for a personal interview with me,
for the purpose of making some definitive arrangement. An inter-
view was accordingly appointed for one o'clock, and resulted in
the naming of a commission to draw up articles of agreement regu-
lating the withdrawal of the Mexican forces, and a temporary ces-
sation of hostilities. The commissioners named by the Mexican
general-in-chief were Generals Ortega and Raquena, and Don Ma-
nuel M. Llano, governor of New Leon: those named on the Ame-
rican side were G. neral Worth, General Henderson, governor of
Texas, and Colonel Davis, Mississippi volunteers. The commission
finally settled upon the articles of which I enclose k copy, (No. 4,),
the duplicates of which (in Spanish and English) have been duly
signed. Agreeably to the provisions of the 4th article, our troops
have this morning occupied the citadel.
It will be seen that the terms granted the Mexican garrison are
less rigorous than those first imposed. The gallant defence of the
town, and the fact of a recent change of government in Mexico,
believed to be favorable to the interests of peace, induced me to
concur with the commission in these terms, which will, I trust, re-
ceive the approval of the government. The latter consideration
also prompted the convention for a temporary cessation of hostili-
ties. Though scarcely warranted by my instructions, yet the
change of affairs since those instructions were issued seemed to
warrant this course. I beg to be advised as early as practicable
whether I have met the views of the government in these particu-
lars.
I regret to report that Captain Williams, topographical engineers,
and Lieutenant Terrett, first infantry, have died of the wounds re-
ceived in the engagement of the 21st. Captain Gatlin, 7th infantry,
was wounded (not badly) on the 23d.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 347
• • No. 1.
GOBIERNO DEL ESTADO DE NUEVO LEON.
Resulto V. S. a ocupar esta plaza por la fuerza de las armas y
el general-en-gefe Mejicano a sostenerla a toda costa, como lo ex-
igen su honor y su deber, millares de victimas que por su indigencia
y falta de recursos se encuentran hoy en el teatro de la guerra y
que se sacrificarian inutilmente, reclaman los derechos que en todos
tiempos, y en todos Jos paises, conserva la humanidad.
Como gobernador del Estado, y como legitimo representante del
puebloj los hago valer ante V. S., y espero de su civilizacion y
cultura que sea creer fuere el excito de la presente lucha, dictara
sus ordenes para que scan respetadas las familias, 6 concedera un
termino precedente para que salgan fuera de la capital.
Tengo el honor de saludar a su senoria el general en gefe del
ejercito de ocupacion de los Estados Unidos, y protestarle mi mas
alta consideracion.
Dios y libertad! Monterey, Setiembre 23 de 1846, a los ocho de
la manana.
FRANCO. DE P. MORALES.
Sefjor General-en-Gefe del Ejercito
de Ocupacion de los Estados Unidos,
„ [Translation.]
GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF NEW LEON.
Your excellency having resolved to occupy this place by force
of arms, and the Mexican general-in-chief to defend it at every
cost, as required by his honor and duty, thousands of victims, who,
from their poverty and want of means, find themselves still upon
th*e theatre of war, and who would be uselessly sacrificed, claim
the rights which in all times and in all places humanity holds
sacred.
As governor of this State, and as the legitimate representative of
the people thereof, I now address your excellency, and I hope,
from your regard to humanity, and from your sense of the rules
which govern civilized nations, that whatever may be the result of
the present struggle, you will give orders that the resident families
shall be respected, or will concede a sufficient time for them to re-
move from this capital.
I have the honor to salute your excellency, general-in-chief of
the army of occupation of the United States, and to assure you of
my highest consideration.
God and liberty! Monterey, September 23, 1846, 8 o'clock in
the morning.
FRANCISCO DE P. MORALES.
To the General-in-chief of the Army
of 'Occupation of the United States.
348 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
No. 2. •
QuARTEL General en Monterey,
' A 23 de Setiemhre de 1846, a las 9 de la noche.
Senor General: Habiendo hecho yo la defensa de que he creido
susceptible a esta ciudad, he llenado obligacion y dejado bien pu-
esto el honor militar, que en cierta manera es comun a todos los
ejercitos del mundo civilizado; asi que de proseguir la defensa,
sola se lograran males a la poblacion que bastante ha padecido con
las desgracias consiguientes a la guerra. Y supuesto que el gobierno
Americano ha raanifestado sentimientos de transaccion, pro pongo
a V. S. evacuar la ciudad y su fuerte, llevando me el personal y
material de guerra que ha quedado, y bajo la seguridad de que no
se siga perjuicio alguno a los paisanos que han tornado parte en la
defensa.
Sirvase V. S. acepta las protestas de mi mas distinguida con-
sideracion.
PEDRO DE AMP¥DIA.
Al Senor Don Z. Taylor,
General-m-gefe del Ejercito Americano.
[Translation.]
Head-quarters, Monterey,
September 23, 1846, at 9 o'clock at night.
General: As I have made all the defence of which I believe
this city capable, I have fulfilled my obligation and done all re-
quired by that military honor whibh, to a certain degree, is com-
mon to all the armies of the civilized world; and as a continuation
of the defence would only bring upon the population distresses to
which they have already been sufficiently subjected by the evils
consequent upon war, and believing that the American government
will appreciate these sentiments, I propose to your excellency to
evacuate the city and citadel, taking with me the personnel and
materiel of war which is left, and under the assurance that no pro-
secution shall be undertaken against the citizens who have taken
part in the defence.
Be pleased to accept the assurance of my most distinguished con-
sideration.
PEDRO DE AMPUDIA.
Senor Don Z. Taylor,
General-in- chief of the American Army.
[No. 3. J Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp before Monterey^ Sept. 24, 1846, 7 o''clockj a. m.
Sir: Your communication bearing date at 9 o'clock, p. m., on
the 23d, has just been received by the hands of Colonel Moreno.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 349
In answer to your proposition to evacuate the city and fort with
all the personnel and materiel of war, I have to state that my duty
compels me to decline acceding to it. A complete surrender of the
town and garrison, the latter as prisoners of war, is now demanded.
But such surrender will be upon terms, and the gallant defence of
the place, creditable alike to the Mexican troops and nation, will
prompt me to make those terms as liberal as possible. The garri-
son will be allowed, at your option, after laying down its arms, to
retire to the interior, on condition of not serving again during the
war, or until regularly exchanged. I need hardly say that the
rights of non-combatants will be respected.
An answer to this commuication is required by 12 o'clock. If
you assent to an accommodation, an officer will be despatched at
once under instructions to arrange the conditions.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General J U. S. Ji.^ commanding.
Seilor D. Pedro de Ampudia,
General -in -chiefs Monterey.
Terms of capitulation of the city of Monterey^ the capital of JYuevo
Leon^ agreed upon by the undersigned commissioners, to wit:
General Worth, of the United States army, General Henderson,
of the Texan volunteers, and Colonel Davis, of the Mississippi
riflemen, on the part of Major General Taylor, commanding in
chief the United States forces, and General Raquena and General
Ortega, of the army of Mexico, and Senor Manuel M. Liana, gov-
ernor of J\^uevo Leon, on the part of Senor General Don Pedro
• ^impudia, commanding in chief the army of the north, of Mexico.
Art. I. As the legitimate result of the operations before this
place, and the present position of the contending armies, it is
agreed that the city, the fortifications, cannon, the munitions of
war, and all other public property, with the under mentioned excep-
tions, be surrendered to the commanding general of the United
States forces now at Monterey.
Art. II. That the Mexican forces be allowed to retain the fol-
lowing arms, to wit: The commissioned officers their side arms, the
infantry their arms and accoutrements, the cavalry their arms and
accoutrements, the artillery one field battery, not to exceed six
pieces, with twenty-one rounds of ammunition.
Art. III. That the Mexican armed forces retire; within seven
days from this date, beyond the line formed by the pass of the
Rinconada, the city of Linares, and San Fernando de Presas.
Art. IV. That the citadel of Monterey be evacuated by the
Mexican and occupied by the American forces to-morrow morning
at ten o'clock.
Art. V. To avoid collisions, and for mutual convenience, that
the troops of the United States will not occupy the city until the
350 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Mexican forces have withdrawn, except for hospital and storage
purposes.
Art. VI. That the forces of the United States will not advance
beyond the line specified in the 3d article before the expiration of
eight weeks, or until the orders or instructions of the respective
governments can be received.
Art. VII. That the public property to be delivered shall be
turned over and received by officers appointed by the commanding
generals of the two armies.
Art. VIII. That all doubts as to the meaning of any of the pre-
ceding articles shall be solved by an equitable construction, and on
principles of liberality to the retiring army.
Art. IX. That the Mexican flag, when struck at the citadel, may-
be saluted by its own battery.
Done at Monterey, September 24, 1846.
W. J. WORTH,
Brigadier General U. S. Ji.
J. PINKNEY HENDERSON,
Major General commanding Texan volunteer's.
JEFF. DAVIS,
Colonel Mississippi riflemen.
^ T. RAQUENA.
T ORTEGA.
MANUEL M. LLANO.
Approved: Z. TAYLOR,
Maj. Gen. U. S. A.^ commanding.
PEDRO AMPUDIA.
[No. 96.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
\ Camp near Monterey^ October 12, 1846.
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the communication of the
Secretary of War, with enclosures, dated the 22d ultimo; also one
from your office of September 21, relative to the resignations pf
volunteer officers, and " general orders" No. 41; all of which were
delivered by Lieutenant Armistead on the 10th instant.
It will be seen at once that, under the terms of the capitulation
of Monterey, I cannot detach a force south of a line from Linares
to San Fernando, and cannot therefore, even were there no other
obstacles, comply at present with the instructions of the Secretary.
I cannot doubt that, on seceiving the intelligence of the capture of
Montf rev, modified instructions were issued by the department.
I shall, with as little delay as possible, reply at length to the
Secretary's communication, and present my views in extenso on all
topics connected with the campaign.
I ara, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. ^., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 351
[No. 98.] Head-quartees, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ October 15, 1846.
Sir: In my acknowledgment, dated the 12th instant, of the in-
structions of the Secretary of War, of September 22, I briefly
stated that the detachment to Tampico could not be made without
contravening the convention of Monterey. Other reasons and more
detailed views on this point, and the general question of the cam-
paign, I left to a subsequent communication, which I have now the
honor to submit for the information of the general-in-chief and
the Secretary of War. Such a point has been reached in the con-
duct of the war and the progress of our arms, as to make it proper
lb place my impressions and convictions very fully before the gov-
ernment.
I wish to remark, first of all, that I have considered Brigadier
General Wool, though formerly under my orders, yet as charged
by the government with a distinct operation, WMth which I was not
at liberty to interfere. - Though greatly in doubt as to the practi-
cability of his reaching Chihuahua with artillery, and deeming the
importance of the operation at any rate to be not at all commen-
surate with its difficulty and expense, I have accordingly refrained
from controlling his movements in any way. His force, therefore,
forms no element in my calculations, particularly as it is now, or
soon wnll be, entirely beyond my reach.
The Mexican army under General Ampudia has left Saltillo, and
fallen back on San Luis Potosi — the last detachment, as I under-
stand, being under orders to march to-day. General Santa Anna
reached San Luis on the 8th instant, and is engaged in concentra-
ting and organizing the army at that point. Whether the with-
drawal of the forces to San Luis be intended to draw us into the
country, far from supplies and support, or whether it be a political
movement, connected with Santa Anna's return to power, it is im-
possible to say; it is sufficient for my present argument to know
that a heavy force is assembling in our front. Saltillo, the capital
of Coahuila, is virtually in our possession, and can be occupied, if
necessary, the moment the convention is at an end. The occupa-
tion of Saltillo will lengthen our line seventy-five miles, but, on
the other hand, may enable us to draw at least a portion of our
breadstuffs from the country. San Luis is about three hundred
miles from Saltillo — perhaps more.
San Luis is a city of some sixty thousand inhabitants, in a coun-
try abundant in resources, and at no great distance from the heart
of the republic, whence munitions of war and reinforcements can
readily be draw^n. It is at the same time ne?.rly six hundred miles
from the Rio Grande, which must continue to be the base of our
operations, at least until we reach vSan Luis.
In view of the above facts, I hazard nothing in saying that a
column, to move on San Luis from Saltillo should, to insure success
be at least 20,000 strong, of which 10,000 should be regular troops.
After much reflection, I consider the above as the smallest number
of effective troops that could be employed on this service, without
352 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
incurring the hazard of disaster, and perhaps defeat. There would
be requiredj besides, to keep open our long line, protect the depots,
and secure the country already gained, a force of 5,000 men; this,
without including the force necessary to send to Tampico, to take
or hold that place.
The above estimate may seem large when it is remembered that
important results have been gained with a much smaller force.
But we have hitherto operated near our own base, and the Mex-
icans at a great distance from theirs. Saltillo may be considered
about equi-distant from the Rio Grande and San Luis. Every day's
march beyond it lengthens our already long line, and curtails
theirs; weakens us, and gives them strength. Hence, the mov^
ment should not be undertaken except with a force so large as to
render success certain.
In the above calculation I have supposed the Mexicans able to
concentrate at San Luis a force of 40,000 to 50,000 men. With toler-
able stability in the government, I doubt, not their ability to do
this; and it is not safe to assume any less number as a basis.
The force of twe'lve-months' volunteers has suffered greatly from
disease. Many have died, and a great number have been dis-
charged for disability. So much has their effective strength been
reduced by this cause, and present sickness, that, in the absence of
official returns, I am satisfied that 500 men per regiment would be
a large average of effectives among the volunteers. This would
give, including the cavalry, a force a little short of 9,000 men;
or, adding 4,000 regulars, (our present strength is not 3,000,) a total
force of 13,000 men. Leaving the very moderate number of 3,000
to secure our rear, I should not be able to march from Saltillo,
with present and expected means, at the head of more than 10,000
men; a number which, from considerations above stated, I deem to
be entirely inadequate.
And I now come to the point presented in the Secretary's letter.
A simultaneous movement on San Luis and Tampico is there sug-
gested; but it will leadily be seen that, with only half the force
which I consider necessary to march on one point, it is quite im-
possible to march on both; and, that nothing 'short of an effective
force of 25,000 to 30,000 men would, on military principles, jus-
tify the double movement. And it is to be remarked that the pos-
session of Tampico is indispensable in case we advance to San Luis,
for the line hence to the latter place is entirely too long to be
maintained permanently, and must be abandoned for the shorter
one from Tampico the moment San Luis is taken.
I have spoken only of the number of troops deemed necessary
for the prosecution of the campaign beyond Saltillo. It will be
understood that largely increased means and materiel of every kind,
will be equally necessary to render the army efficient; such as
cavalry and artillery horses, means of transport, ordnance stores,
&c.
The department may be assured that the above views have not
been given without mature reflection, and have been the result of
experience and careful inquiry. It will be for the government to
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 353
determine whether the war shall be prosecuted by directing an
active campaign against San Luis and the capital, or whether the
country already gained shall be held, and a defensive attitude as-
sumed. In the latter case, the general line of the Sierra Madre
might very well be taken; but even then, with the enemy in force
in my front, it might be imprudent to detach to Tampico so large
a force as 3,000 or 4,000 men, particularly of the description re-
quired for that operation. If the co-operation of the army, there-
fore, be deemed essential to the success of the expedition against
Tampico, I trust that it will be postponed for the present.
I have not been unmindful of the importance of taking Tampico,
and have at least once addressed the department on the subject.
Nothing but the known exposure of the place to the ravages of
yellow fever prevented me from organizing an expedition against
it last summer. I knew that if taken, it could not, with any cer-
tainty, be held, and that the cause would not be removed before
the last of November or first of December.
It may be expected that I should give my views as to the policy
oi" occupying a defensive line, to which I have above alluded. I
am free to confess that, in view of the difficulties and expense at-
tending a movement into the heart of the country, and particularly
IB view of the unsettled and revolutionary character of the Mexi-
can government, the occupation of such a line seems to me the best
course that can be adopted. The line taken might either be that
on which we propose to insist as the boundary between the repub-
lics— say the Rio Grande — or the line to which we have advanced,
viz: the Sierra Madre, including Chihuahua and Santa Fe. The
former line could be held with a much smaller force than the
latter; but even the line of the Sierra Madre could be held with a
force greatly less than would be required for an active campaign.
Monterey controls the great outlet from the interior. A strong
garrison at this point, with an advance at Saltillo and small corps
at Monclova, Linares, Victoria, and Tampico, would eflfectually
cover the line.
' I have limited my remarks to the position of the army on this
frontier and the requirements for a campaign against San Luis Po-
tosi, the suggestions in the Secretary's letter being confined to this
general theatre of operations. Should the government determine
to strike a decisive blow at Mexico, it is my opinion that the force
should land near Vera Cruz or Alvarado; and, after establishing a
secure depot, march thence on the capital. The amount of troops
required for this service would not fall short, in my judgment, of
25,000 men, of w^hich at least 10,000 to be tegular troops.
In conclusion, I feel it my duty to make some remarks which I
would gladly have been spared the necessity of submitting. I feel
it due to my position and to the service to record my protest
against the manner in which the department has sought to make
an important detachment from ray command, specifically indicat-
ing not only the general officers, but to a considerable extent the
troops, that were to compose it. While I remain in command of the
army against Mexico, and am therefore justly held responsible by
23
354 Ex. Doc No.
le government and the country for the conduct of its operations,
must claim the right of organizing all detachments from it, and
th(
I mi
regulating the time and manner of their service. Above all do I
consider it important that the Department of War should refrain
from corresponding directly with my subordinates, and communi-
cating orders and instructions on points which, by all military pre-
cept and practice, pertain exclusively to the general in chief com-
mand. Confusion and disaster alone can result from such a course.
The reason alleged, viz: the loss of time in communicating with
General Patterson, has no application, for the Secretary's despatch
came from that officer to my head-quarters in sixty hours, and he.
could not move, at any rate, without' drawing largely upon this
column for artillery and regular troops.
I beg it may be understood that my remarks have no personal
application. It is quite probable that in the event of making such
a detachment, I would have placed it under Major General Patter-
son; but I conceive that this mode of regulating details and order-
ing detachments direct from the Department of War is a violation
of the integrity of the chief command in the field, pregnant with
the worst evils, and against which I deem it my duty respectfully
but earnestly to protest.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Maj. Gen. v. S. A.^ cow.manding.
The Adjutant General of the Army, •
Washington. D, C.
I No. 100.1 Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, October 26, 1846.
Sir: In reply to so much of the communication of the Secretary
of War, dated September 22, as relates to the mode of supplying
the army, I beg leave to submit the follow remarks:
It would have been impossible hitherto, and is so now, to sustain
the army to any extent by forced contributions of money or sup-
plies. The country between the Rio Grande and Sierra Madre is
poor furnishing only corn and beef. These articles we obtain at
moderate rates; but if a different system had been adopted, it is
certain that they would not have been procured at all in sufficient
quantities. The prompt payment in cash for the few articles of
supply we have drawn from the country has neutralized much of
the unfriendly feeling with which we were regarded, and has con-
tributed greatly to facilitate our operations. The people have it
in their power at any time to destroy their crops, and would un-
doubtedly do so rather than see them taken forcibly. Add to
which, they would have no inducements to plant again. The prices
that have been paid are reasonable, being in almost all cases the
prices of the country.
Should the army in its future operations, reach a portion of the
Ex. Doc, No. 60 ^ 355
country which may be made to supply the troops with advantage,
I shall not fail to conform to the wishes and instructions of the
department in this particular.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major Gen. U. S. Jl.j commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, D. C.
War Department,
Washington, October 13, 1846.
Sir: Your communications of the 22d, 23d, and 25th ultimo, de-
tailing the operations of the army under your immediate command
at Monterey, have been received. The skill, courage, and gallant
conduct displayed on that occasion by the troops under your com-
mand, both regulars and volunteers, have added glory to our arms,
and merit from the government and people of the United States the
warmest expressions of gratitude and praise.
In relation to the terms of the capitulation of Monterey, the
President instructs me to say that he regrets it was not deemed
advisable to insist upon the terms which you had first proposed.
The circumstances which dictated doubtless justified the change.
The President, uninformed of these circumstances, does not know
in what degree the recent change in the government of Mexico
may have contributed to this result. Certain it is, however, ttat
the present rulers of that republic have not yet given any evidence
that they are " favorable to the interests of peace." Of this you
will have already been informed by my despatch of the 22d ultimo.
The government did not contemplate, as you will perceive by the
tenor of the despatches from this department, that there would
probably happen any contingency, in the prosecution of the war,
in which it would be expedient to suspend hostilities before the
offer of acceptable terms of peace.
In my despatch of the 22d ultimo, which had not reached you
when you entered into the arrangement with General Ampudia on
the 25th ultimo, there are considerations and facts stated which
render the continuance of the armistice extremely embarrassing.
As the offer lecently made by the United States to open negotia-
tions for a peace was not acceded to by the present rulers of Mexi-
co,, but reserved to be submitted to and acted on by a congress to
be assembled on the 6^h of December next, it was deemed by the
-government here highly important that the war in the mean time
should be prosecuted with the utmost vigor, to the end that they
might be made sensible of the evils of its continuance, and thereby
become more inclined to bring it to a speedy close. In pursuance
of this policy, an expedition was proposed, in my despatch of the
22d ultimo, for the purpose of taking possession of the entire de-
partment of Tamaulipas; and, under the belief that it would not
356 * Ex. Doc. No. 60.
interfere with your plans and operations, no doubt was entertained
that it ■would receive your concurrence and support. In anticipa-
tien thereof, measures have been already takien to carry it out at
the earliest practicable period.
By the arrangement you have made for a temporary suspension
of hostilities within certain limits of the enemy's country, if con-,
tinued to the end of the time stipulated, a considerable part of Ta-
maulipas will be exempted from military operations until within a
few days of the time fixed for the meeting of the Mexican congress,
and the expedition thereby delayed, or if prosecuted by the land
or naval forces, might bring into question the good faith of the
United States.
In the despatch before referred to you will perceive that an at-
tack by our naval force upon some places on the coast of Tamauli-
pas is also ^contemplated. Whatever may be the advantage or the
necessity of the eo-operation of a land force, it must be withheld
until near the close of November, if the armistice is continued to
the end of the stipulated period.
The government is fully persuaded that if you had been aware of
the special reasons disclosed in the despatch of the 22d ultimo, and
the intentions, of the government still entertained, you would not
have acceded to the suspension of hostilities for even the limited
period specified in the articles of capitulation; but as its continu-
ance depends upon the orders of your government, you are in-
structed to give the requisite notice that the armistice is to cease
at once, and that each party is at liberty to resume and prosecute
hostilities without restriction.
The city of Monterey is regarded as an important acquisition.
While held by a competent force, the authorities of Mexico may
be considered as dispossessed of the department of New Leon. It
is therefore proposed that you should make the necessary arrange-
ments for retaining possession of it during the war. For this pur-
pose it is suggested that you should strengthen its defences, and
take the proper measures for procuring supplies for the forces
which may he there stationed, not only for holding it securely, but
for carrying on military operations in the northern provinces of
Mexico.
Not only Monterey, but the State of New Leon, may, it is pre-
sumed, be regarded as a conquered country; and, as a consequence,
the civil authorities of Mexico are in a measure superseded, or at
least subject to your control. You will give this subject your con-
sideration, and permit only such civil functionaries to retain and
exercise power as are well disposed towards the United States.
It is an object of much interest to the government to be put in
possession of your views as to your future operations. The advan-
tages and the difficulties of penetrating further into the interior of
Mexico, are now probably satisfactorily ascertained by you.
Would it, in your judgment, be advisable, under existing circum-
stances, to advance beyond Monterey, or the positions necessary
to its security? The department has not the requisite information
to enable it to answer this question, but must leave it to your de-
Ex. Doc, No. 60. 357
termination and to your discretion to act in accordance with your
views upon that point.
In your communications of the 2d of July and 1st of August, you
express the opinion that your operations should be confined to the
northern provinces of Mexico; but whether, in carrying out your
views, you proposed to advance beyond the point you have already
reached, or Saltillo, is not stated, and probably could not be de-
termined till your arrival at Monterey. It is desirable to do what-
ever can be done to make an impression upon the enemy; but to
determine what it shall be, requires knowledge of the localities of
the country; of the means at your command; the force and re-
sources of the enemy; in fine, such knowledge as you possess or
have the means of acquiring.
The season for carrying on military operations in the enemy's
country lying on the gulf has now arrived. It is deemed impor-
tant that we should have possession of the whole of Tamaulipas
before the meeting of the Mexican congress in December. It is
hoped that the expedition for that purpose, suggested in my com-
munication of the 22d September, can be organized and sent for-
ward without at all interfering with the contemplated operation of
the forces under your immediate command.
Among the officers presented to your consideration to be em-
ployed in this expedition was Brigadier General Shields. Atten-
tion was directed to hira by the knowledge that he had become ac-
quainted with some of the principal inhabitants of Tamaulipas, and
by that means had acquired information which would have been
useful in conducting the enterprise. He has, however, since re-
ceive-d orders to join General Wool, and probably cannot be con-
veniently recalled. If this can be done, and another brigadier sent
to General Wool, it might be advantageous to the public service
to make the exchange. This is, however, left entirely to yourself.
As to the employment of Major General Patterson and Brigadier
General Pillow, the wishes of the President and department are
unchanged.
It is under consideration by the government, though not yet fully
determined, to land a considerable force in the vicinnity of Vera
Cruz and invest that city. Should this be undertaken, a larger
force of regular troops will be required than that assigned to the
Tamaulipas expedition. It is desired to know if in your opinion
a detachment of two thousand of this description of force can be
spared for that purpose from those under your command, without
essentially interfering with your plans and operations. It is not
desired or intended to weaken the force with you at Monterey, or
to embarrass you by diverting troops from the Rio Grande which
you may deem necessary as reinforcements to the execution of
your own contemplated operations.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
To Major General Z. Taylos,
Commanding Army of Occupation^ Monterey, Mexico*
358 - Ex. Doc. No. 60.
War Department,
Washington^ October 13, 1846.
Sir: A messenger will leave this place to-jQorrow morning with
despatches for General Taylor. It is proper to apprize you that an
end will be put to the armistice agreed on by him and General
Ampudia for eight weeks, subject to the orders of their respective
governments by instructions from this department. General Tay-
lor, when he entered into it, was not apprised of the determination
(subject to his concurrence) of the government to send an expedi-
tion into the southern part of Tamaulipas. The continuance of
the armistice for eight weeks might interfere with that expedition.
You will not suspend your arrangements and efforts to move for-
ward with that expedition at the earliest period.
You will have been apprised, by my communications of the 22d'
of September, of the views of the government in regard to this
expedition. As the force to compose it is to be organized from the
troops under the command of General Taylor, and of course the
movement subject to his approval, you will receive orders from hins
in regard to it. It is not doubted that it will receive his hearty
approval. It is very desirable that the department of Tamaulipas
should be occupied by our troops before the meeting of the Mexi-
can Congress. All the regular troops which can be spared from
the seaboard, &c., have been or will be immediately ordered to the
Rio Grande. It is probable they will be needed for your com-
mand.
We shall anxiously await your determination as to the route tO'
be taken. Since w^riting the last despatch to you, I have received
information which induces me to believe that it can be made by
land; but that information is not of such a character as to warrant
any limitation to the discretion given by the department on that
point.
I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General R. Patterson,
17. S. A.J MatamoraSy Mexico.
[No. 105. J Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ JVov ember 3, 1846.
Sir; I have only time before the departure of the mail to report
the arrival last evening of Major Graham, (topographical engi-
neers,) with despatches from the Department of War and Adjutant
General's office.
I acknowledge the receipt, by Major Graham, of the communi-
csitioQ of the Secretary of War dated October 13th; yours of Oc-
Ex. Doc. No, 60. 35^
tober 13th; copy of your letter to Lieutenant Parham, of October
7thj and " special orders" No. 99.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Arnxy^
Washington J D. C.
(No. 107.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ JYovember 8, 1846.
Sir: In reply to so much of the communication of the Secretary
of War, dated October 13th, as relates to the reasons which,induced
the convention resulting in the capitulation of Monterey, I have
the honor to submit the following remarks:
The convention presents two distinct points:
First. The permission granted the Me|^can army to retire with
their arms, &c. Secondly. The temporary cessation of hostilities
for the term of eight weeks. I shall remark on these in order.
The force with which I advanced on Monterey was limited, by
causes beyond my control, to about 6,000 men. With this force,
as every military man must admit who has seen the ground, it was
entirely impossible to invest Monterey so closely as to prevent the
escape of the garrison. Although the main communication with
the interior was in our possession, yet one route was open to the
Mexicans throughout the operations, and could not be closed, as
were also other minor tracks and passes through the mountains.
Had we, therefore, insisted on more rigorous terms than those
granted, the result would have been the escape of the body of the
Mexican force, with the destruction of its artillery and magazines;
our only advantage being the capture of a few prisoners of war, at
the expense of valuable lives and much damage to the city. The
consideration of humanity was present to my mind during the co.n-
ference which led to the convention, and outweighed ia my judg-
ment the doubtful advantages to be gained by a resumption of the
attack upon the town. This conclusion has been fully eonfirmed
by an inspection of the enemy's position and means since the sur-
render. It was discovered that his principal magazine, containing
an immense amount of powder, was in the cathedral, completely
exposed to our shells from two directions.- The explosion of this
mass of powder, which must have ultimately resulted from a con-
tinuance of the bombardment, would have been infinitely disas-
trous, involving the destruction not only of the Mexican troops
but of non-combatants, and even our own people, had we pressed
the attack.
In regard to the temporary cessation of hostilities, the fact that
we are not at this moment (within eleven days of the termination
of the period fixed by the convention) prepared to move forward in.
force, is a suflScient explanation of the military reasons which
dictated this suspension o%arms. It paralyzed the enemy during a
360 Ex. Doc. No> 60.
period when, from the want of necessary means, we could not pos-
sibly move. I desire distinctly to state, and to call the attention
of the authorities to the fact, that with all diligence in breaking
mules and setting up wagons, the first wagons in addition to our
original train from Corpus Christi (and but 125 in number) reached
my head-quarters on the same day with the Secretary's communi-
cation of October I3th, viz: the 2d inst. At the date of the surren-
der of Monterey our force had not more than ten days' rations; and
even now, with all our endeavors, we have not more than twenty-
five. The task of fighting and beating the enemy is among the
least difficult that we encounter: the great question of supplies
necessarily controls all the operations in a country like this. At
the date of the convention I could not, of course, have foreseen that
the department would direct an important detachment from my
command without consulting me, or without waiting the result of
the main operation under my orders.
I have touched the prominent military points involved in the con-
vention of Monterey. Where were other considerations which
weighed with the commissioners in framing, and with myself in ap-
proving, the articles of the convention. In the conference with
General Ampudia I was distinctly told by him that he had invited
it to spare the further effusion of blood, and because General Santa
Anna had declared himself favorable to peace. I knew that our
government had made propositions to that of Mexico to negotiate,
and I deemed that the change of government in that country since my
last instructions fully warranted me in entertaining considerations
of policy. My grand motive in moving forward with very limited
supplies had been to increase the inducements of the Mexican gov-
ernment to negotiate for peace. Whatever may be the actual views
or disposition of the Mexican rulers, or of General Santa Anna, it
i's not unknown to the government that I had the very best reason
for believing the statement of General Ampudia to be true. It was
my opinion at the time of the convention, and it has not been
changed, that the liberal treatment of the Mexican army, and the
suspension of arms, would exert none but a favorable influence in
our behalf.
The result of the entire operation has been to throw the Mexican
army back more than 300 miles to the city of San Luis Potosi, and
to open the country to us, as far as choose to penetrate it, up to the
same point.
I has been my purpose in this communication not so much to de-
fend the convention from the censure which I deeply regret to find
implied in the Secretary's letter, as to show that it was not adopted
without cogent reasons, most of vv-Jiich occur of themselves to the
minds of all who are acquainted with the condition of things here
To that end [ beg that it may be laid before the general-in~chief
and the Secretary of War.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Armyf
Washington^ D. C.
Ex. Doc. No. 60, 361
[No. 108.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ J^Qvemher 9, 1846.
Sir : I have the honor to report that, in compliance with the in-
structions of the Secretary of War, communicated in his letter of
October 13th, I hav^e formally notified the Mexican general-in-chief
that the temporary suspension of arms agreed upon in the conven-
tion of Monterey will cease on the 13th instant, the date at which
the notice will probably reach San Luis de Potosi. This notifica-
tion was sent by Major Graham, topographical engineers, who left
on the 6th instant.
You will perceive from my "orders" No. 139 what arrangements
have been made for the occupation of Saltillo, at the earliest mo-
ment, by our troops. Whether our operations are pushed forward
towards San Luis or not, the occupation of Saltillo is important;
politically, as the capitally of Coahuila, and in a military view as
oovering an important region from which we may draw supplies-
Brigadier General Wool, with a portion of his force, arrived at
Monclova on the 29th of October, and is ^o\v joined by the rear
division. He reports no practicable route to Chihuahua, except the
one by Paras, which will bring within a few leagues of Saltillo.
He inquires what is to be gained by going to Chihuahua'? And lam
free to answer, nothing, at all commensurate with the excessive
length of his line of operations. Chihuahua, moreover, is virtually
conquered, and can be occupied at any moment while we hold Sal-
tillo and Santa Fe. I shall instruct General Wool to remain at
Monclova, where there are supplies, until 1 can determine what
disposition to make of his column, which cannot be done until I
visit Saltillo.
I have taken the first steps towards organizing the expedition on
Tampico, and propose to accompany it, for the purpose at least of
commanding a covering force. There will be some delay for the
want of means of land transports-
The information received since ray communication of October
15th, relative to the route hence to San Luis, renders it more than
probable that, from the want of permanent water, it will be impos-
sible to march a large force from Saltillo to that city. I hope to
acquire certain information on this point in a few days.
At the latest advices from the interior the army was yet at San
Luis, some 12,000 strong. It is reported, also, that Tampico has
been entirely evacuted; but I deem this hardly credible. Some ru-
mors that Santa Anna had been proclaimed dictator have not been
confirmed.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient 4ervaut.
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A,^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Arviy^
Washiri^ton, D. C.
362 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
[Orders No. 139.]
Head-quarters, Army of OccupatioNj
Caynp near Monterey, November 8, 1846.
I. Under instructions from the Department of War, the general-
in-chief of the Mexican forces has been duly notified that the tem-
porary cessation of hostilities, agreed upon at the convention of
Monterey, will cease and determine from the 13th inst., after which
date the American forces will be free to cross the line of demarca-
Tion established in said convention.
II. Saltillo, the capital of the State of Coahuila^ will be occupied
by the United States troops. The following corps of the 2d divi-
sion will form the garrison in the first instance, to be increased as
circumstances may require; Lieutenant Colonel Duncan's battery,
artillery battalion, (8 companies,) 8th infantry, 5th infantry, and
Captain Blanchard's company of Louisiana volunteers; the whole to
be commanded by Brigadier General Worth. Lieutenant MackalPs
battery, the 7th infantrj*, and one company of the artillery battalion,
(to be selected by General Worth,) will remain in Monterey, under
command of Colonel Smith, regiment of mounted riflemen.
III. The corps above designated for the occupation of Saltillo
will march, under General Worth, on the 12th inst. The command-
ing general will march at the same time, with the two squadrons of
the 2d dragoons under Lieutenant Colonel May. The troops will
take four rations in their haversacks. Rations of salt meat for tea
days, of bread for five days, and small rations for twenty days, will
be thrown forward at the same time.
IV. Suitable arrangements will be made by the medical director
for the care of the invalids necessarily left behind by the 2d divi-
s,ion. They will be sent forward to their companies as rapidly as
they may recover health and strength.
V. The quartermaster's department will provide the necessary
transportation to carry out the above order.
By order of Major General Taylor.
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General .
Official:
H. S. GARNETT,
Liexitenant and .i. D. C
Washington, October 22, 1846.
S}R ; Major Robert W, McLane, who is charged with the de-
spatches which he will deliver to you, possesses the entire confi-
dence of the President and myself, and has had communicated to
him the purport of the despatches which he will deliver to you, and
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 363
you can confer freely and safely with him. He is commended to
your favorable consideration and kind attention. *
Very respectfullyj your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding U. S. Army in Mexico.
* War Department, October 22, 1846.
Sir : It is apprehended here that the recent change in the political
affairs of Mexico will have an important bearing upon our military
movements, and may render it necessary to modify in some respects
the plans of operation.
Santa Anna is at the head of the war party, and appears to have
entered with zeal upon his duties as general-in- chief of the Mexi-
can army. It is not improbable that he may succeed in collecting
and keeping together a considerable'force; but the promise of change
in the form of government is probably a more important considera-
tion in regard to the prosecution of the war. The northern depart-
ments of Mexico were opposed to the central, and in favor of the
federal system. The former was forced upon them and maintained
by military power. This undoubtedly produced throughout these
provinces considerable disaffection to the central government.
The existence of this disaffection was not overlooked either by
yourself or the government here in the plan of the campaign, de-
signed to be principally confined to these provinces, and it was pre-
sumed that it would materially affect the extent to which our oper-
ations in them could be safely carried.
The views presented in your communications of the 2d of July
and 1st of August appeared to be sound, and were fully concurred
in by the government. According to these views, the extent to
which you could penetrate the enemy's country in the direction of
Montery would depend mainly upon the facility of obtaining sup-
plies, and of keeping open your line of communication with the Rio
Grande. In both these respects, it was foreseen that much would
depend upon the disposition and feelings of the Mexican people.
Though there was, when, you wrote your letter of the 1st August,
as you state, good reason to believe that the country lying between
the Rio Grande and the Sierra Madre was disposed to throw off the
yoke of the central government, and there was then a hope that it
would do so when there should be a strong American force between
it and the city' o.f Mexico, the aspect of things in this particular
appears to have since changed. The new rulers of Mexico have
declare'd in favor of the federal system, and thus gratified the wishes
of the northern provinces. It is, I apprehend, no longer reasonable
to expect from them evenneutrality, and our measures must be taken
on the assumption that they will co-operate with the enemy in car-
rying on the war, and do all they can to impede our. movements.
364 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
In your communication of the 1st of August you state that ''whether
a large force can be subsisted beyond Monterey must be determined
by actual experience, and will depend much upon the disposition
of the inhabitants towards us." We are led tobelieve, from all the
information we have received, that the inhabitants are not only
hostile, but will be active in obstructing our march into the interior;
and that it wnll not be safe to proceed beyond Monterey, with a
view of taking and holding a permanent position. The risk of ex-
tending your line beyond that point, or such positions as you may
occupy for its defence and security, would probably counterbalance
the advantages of proceeding further into the interior, unless you
have an adequate force, and could command ample means to reach
San Luis Potosi, with a view to its secure occupation. It is believed
you are not in a condition to do this, if the disposition of the Mexi-
can people is such as has been indicated. Indeed, serious doubts
are entertained here whether you ought to extend your line beyond
the place you have reached and its necessary dependencies. Should
your concur in this view, as it is presumed you will from the tenor
of your despatches, you will then turn your attention to securing
your position at Monterey, keeping open your line of communica-
tion with the Rio Grande. I refer you to what was said on this
subject in my letter of the 13th instant. It is not intended, by what
is here said, that you should be restrained from making excursions
beyond Monterey and the department of New Leon, if you should
see occasion to do so. The enemy should be impressed wuth the
belief that you intend to move forward, to the end that they may
not withdravr their forces and employ them on ether points. Should
the force assembled to resist you be withdrawn, or ascertained not
to be in sufficient number to oppose serious obstacles to your further
advance, you will exercise your own discretion, under all the cir-
cumstances, in regard to any forward movement; but it is not
thought here that this can be done with a view to take a permanent
position much beyond that you now occupy, unless you should deem
it proper for your own security at Monterey to advance so far as to
occupy the difficult passes between that city and Saltillo. This,
however, is left altogether to your own judgment. Monterey may
be considered a position in advance of Monclova and Chihuahua,
and it is questionable whether, in a military point of view, the oc-
cupation of them, with the ascertained change in the circumstances
and feelings of the inhabitants, will produce compensating advan-
tages, as a considerable force, which might be usefully employed in
other quarters, will be required to take and hold them.
It is not doubted that General Wool will be able to capture Chi-
huahua^ but if the population should be disposed, as it is appre-
hended they will be, to obstruct his movements and withhold sup-
plies, it is doubtful whether he has a sufficient force to sustain him-
self long in that position. Should the contemplated military and
naval operations on the gulf coast be put in execution, troops to
reinforce him, in case his condition required it, cannot well be
spared. Under a full view of all the circumstances, it is siiggested
whether it would not be best to have his forces united with yours
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 365
at Monterey, or on the Rio Grande. If he should not have ad-
vanced too iar on his march to Chihuahua before you can commu-
nicate with him, it may be advisable that he should at once form
a junction M^ith you. With these suggestions, which are necessarily
vague for want of more full and particular information on the sub-
ject, this matter is left entirely to your discretion.
In a communication received from General Kearny, written soon
after he had taken Santa Fe, he informed the department that he
might have more troops than were necessary for his purposes, and
in that event should detach a few hundred men and send them to
General Wool. Should General Wool be ordered to join you, it
will be important that information should be sent to notify this de-
tachment of the change in his position, and to give it instructions
for its conduct. Should it proceed to Chihuahua, and General Wool
not be there, it wnll be exposed to be cut off. I am not prepared
to say what disposition should be made of this detachment, if it has
in fact been sent forward to join the Chihuahua expedition. It
is important that it should receive such orders as will lead to its
safety. General Wool will be instructed by you to look to this.
The mere intimation from General Kearny that he might send off
such a detachment, renders it necessary that proper steps should be
taken to prevent it from falling into the hands of the enemy.
I informed you in my last despatch that, in connexion with an
invf.sion of Tamaulipas and attack on Tampico, an erxpedition
against Vera Cruz was then under advisement. Upon a more full
consideration of the subject, it is believed that Vera Cruz may be
taken; and, having possession of that city, the castle of San Juan
d'Ulioa might probably be reduced or compelled to surrender. If
the expedition could go forth without the object being known to the
enemy, it is supposed that four thousand troops would be a sufficient
force for the enterprise, receiving, as they would, the co-operation
of our naval force in the gulf; but at least fifteen hundred or two
thousand of them should be of the regular army, and under the
command of officers best calculated for such an undertaking. In
looking at the present disposition of the troops, it appears to be
scarcely possible to get the requisite number of regulars without
drawing some of those now with you at Monterey, or oh the way
to that place. Should you decide against holding military posses-
sion of any place in Coahuila or Chihuahua, and order the troops
under Gener'.l Wool to join you, it is presumed that the requisite
force for the expedition to Vera Cruz could be detached without
interfering with your plans of operation. Whilst the government
is anxious that nothing should occur to prevent the expedition to
Vera Cruz, regarding it of great importance, yet if by withdrawing
from your immediate command the force necessary for this purpose
the army with you may be placed in danger, this expedition must
for the present, be either deferred or abandoned; a result deeply to
be regretted. On the spot, you will know the strength of the force
advancing against you, and the number of troops necessary to resist
it; you will by no means weaken yourself so as to expose the
army under your command to the probable hazard of disaster. It
366 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
is desirable to avoid delay; you will, therefore, unless it materially
interferes with your own plan of operations, or weakens you too
much in your'present position, make the necessary arrangements for
having four thousand men (of whom fifteen hundred or two thou-
sand should be regular troops) ready to embark for Vera Cruz, or ||
such other destination as may be given them, at the earliest prac-
ticable period. The place of embarkation will probably be the
Brazos Santiago, or in that vicinity.
The preparations for such a movement will necessarily attract ,
public attention, and give rise to rumors as to its destination; and"
knowledge of it may reach the enemy in season for them to take
additional measures to defend that place unless great caution is ob-
served. It seems now to be generally understood that an expedi-
tion is about to be fitted out against Tarapico, or some place in the
department of Tamaulipas. It may be well to have such generally
considered the point of attack; and should unforeseen difficulties
arise in regard to Vera Cruz, the movement may be turned in that
direction. If the impression generally prevails«that an expedition
is fitting out for Tampico, or some place on the coast of Tamaulipas,
the enemy will more readily expect a forward movement ,on your
part towards San Luis Potosi as cotemporaneous with such an
attack, and, under this view of our operations, would be diverted
from any extraordinary preparations for the defence of Vera Cruz.
Tampico may be attacked by the squadron alone, before the em-
barkation of the land force; but to accomplish the primary object,
the military expedition will proceed directly to Vera Cruz, and with
the CO operation of the squadron have better assurance of success
in the cornbine.l attack on that place. Secrecy is, therefore, of the
utmost importance. The belief should be encouraged that Tampico
is the destination of the expedition, and its real object be made
known only to such officers as must be apprised of it, to enable
them to perform their duty in the enterprise, and to them under the
strictest injunctions of confidence.
Enclosed you will receive a copy of a communication from
Mr. J and it is believed that entire confidence may be placed
in the accuracy of his representations, as they are founded on his
personal observations. You will also receive herewith a rough
sketch of the topography of Vera Cruz and the adjacent localities.
These you are desired to place in the hands of the commanding offi-
cer of the expedition, with such remarks and suggestions of your
own as may be useful to him.
As it was suggested in former communications that Major Gen-
eral Patterson should be placed in comrnand of the expedition
against Tamaulipas, it is deemed proper that he should still occupy '
that position in the expedition fitted out against Vera Cruz. I have
no further suggestions to make as to a brigadier general to com-
mand the volunteers. In regard to the commanding officer of the
regular force, it would meet the views of the government if you
should select Brevet Brigadier General Worth. In that event you
are directed by the President to assign him to that command by
virtue of his brevet rank.
Ex. Doc- No. 60, 367
It is proposed that Colonel Totten, the chief engineer, Major
Baker, of the ordnance corps, and some officer of rank and experi-
ence of the topographical corps, shall accompany the expedition,
with others of inferior rank in these respective branches of the public
service. Such of these officers as are not now with the army will
be ordered to proceed to the Rio Grande, and report to the com-
mander of the expedition.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient ser-
vant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.-
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commandi7ig U S Army in Mexico.
War Department,
Washi?7gton, October 29, 1846.
Sir: As the views in relation to the expedition on the o-ulf coast
presented in my last despatch, embraced some matters not set forth
in that of the 22d of September, I thought it might be useful to
make Major General Patterson acquainted with them sooner thar.
it could be done through you. I have, therefore, transmitted a copy
of it to him. I send you herewith a copy of the letter to General
Patterson, and a copy of instructions from the Navy Department to
the commander of our squadron in the gulf, relating to the contem-
plated expedition and the co-operation of the naval force.
I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding U. S. Army in Mexico.
\\ AR Department,
Washington, October 28, 1846.
Sir: I herewith enclose to you a copy of a despatch of the 22d
instant to Major General Taylor, and also a copy of one from the
Secretary of the Navy to the commander of our squadron in the
gulf of Mexico.
By the former you will perceive that, beyond the objects pro-
posed in ray communications to you and to General Taylor of the
22d ultimo, for the expedition therein suggested, the attention of
the government has been since turned towards an attack upon Vera
Cruz.
The fitting out of such an expedition was a suggestion, and de-
pended upon General Taylor's concurrence in its expediency.
Should he approve of it, and find himself in a condition to detach
the necessary force, it. will then become an important question
368 Ex Doc, No. 60.
whether it shall be directed against Vera Cruz, or confined to opera-
tions in the department of Tamaulipas; and this question can only
be determined by a full view of all the circumstances as they shall
exist when the expedition is prepared to begin operations. If, at
the time it is so prepared, the latest information shall warrant the
belief that Vera Cruz cannot be attacked with a reasonable pros-
pect of success, it is not expected it will be attempted.
Our object is to strike an elTective blow at the enemy; and, if
Vera Cruz can be taken, and by that means the castle of San Juan
d'Ulloa reduced, it would be an important event in the war; but
the force which is proposed to be sent against that place, or the
largest which could be assembled for that purpose without mate-
rially interfering with other operations, may not be sufficient to
insure reasonable hopes of success, provided the enemy should an-
ticipate our design upon that place in season to strengthen its de-
fences and greatly increase his forces at that point. Whether Vera
Cruz will be found in a condition to be attacked by such means as
may be collected for that purpose, must be left to your own deter-
mination, and that of the commander of our gulf squadron. As
you are to co-operate with the naval force, your movements will
necessarily be the result of your joint counsels. If Vera Cruz
should, al! circumstances considered, be found to be too dangerous
an enterprize tx) be attempted, your attention will then be directed,
to the capture of Tampico. It is not doubted that you will have-
ample means, aided as you will be with the co-operation of the
squadron, to take that place, or make a descent on any other place
in Tamaulipas, and subdue the whole department.
You will not expect from this place directions m regard to the
particular movements of the expedition, for they must depend in a
great measure upon the condition of things at the moment of action.
The objects which it is desirable to accomplish have been indicated,
but how far the expedition can go in obtaining these objects, or any
of them, you must judge, comparing, as you will, your means with
the obstacles to be met and overcome.
For the Information necessary to guide your movements, you must
depend in a great measure upon the navy; and you will perceive,
by the orders from the Navy Department, that steps have been
already taken for constant communication between you and the
commander of the squadron. You will avail yourself of it to con-
fer freely with him, and to indicate such aid and co-operation as
you may need from the naval force.
The department is anxious for your reply to my communication
of the 22d ultimo. The Quartermaster General is, I presume, at
this time on the Rio Grande. He has general instructions to pre-
pare all that may be required for the expedition to be fitted out
under your command. Officers in the other branches of the mili-
tary service will be sent, as stated in the copy of the despatch to
General Taylor, to accompaiy the expedition, and will be with you
in season to attend your movements.
It is proper that I should remark that the department has not
received from General Taylqr, and could not have received, on ac-
Ex. Dob. No. 60. 369
count of the short perio4 since he was addressed on the subject,
any information as to what are his views in regard to the expedi-
tion. In ray despatches to him you were presented to his consid-
eration as the commanding officer, and this is addressed to you, as
otheY communications have been, on the supposition that orders will
be given by him for the employment of yourself, as well as the
other officers therein named, for duty as suggested.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War,
Major General Robert Patterson,
U. S. Army^ commanding on the Rio Grande.
War Department,
Washington, J^ov ember 25, 1846.
Sir: You will have perceived by my despatch of the 13th ult.
that the government apprehended at that time that you would'^^e
likely to encounter many and serious difficulties in extending your
line of operations as far as San Luis Potosi. These apprehensions
are confirmed by your despatch of the 15th ult., which was received
on the 20th inst. In the belief that it might not be advisable, un-
less circumstances favored, to push forward in that direction, it be-
came more important that operations should be undertaken on the
gulf coast. In case that it should be decided not to attempt at
present to take any place beyond Monterey or Saltillo, with a view
of holding permanent possession, it was believed that a sufficient
force would be detached from the troops now in the field (with
such additions as can be soon made) for a successful attack upon
the most important points on the coast, still leaving enough to hold
the positions you have gained, and menace the enemy with a foj*-
ward movement.
By intercepting my despatch of the 2d of September, (a copy of
which I herewith transmit,) and probably through other means, the
enemy has already become aware of our intentions to operate in
that quarter, and undoubtedly will be prepared to make a vigorous
resistance. It has become quite evident that a larger force than
that indicated in my communication of the 13th ult. will be required
for that expedition. The President having decided to send Major
General Scott to the seat of war, communicated this determination
to him on the l8th inst. Since that time the general has been en-
gaged in m king preparations here, principally with a view to mili-
tary operations on the shores of the gulf, and left yesterday for the
Rio Grande.
The competence of a military tribunal to take cognizance of such
a case as you have presented in your communication of the 11th
ult., viz: the murder of a Mexican soldier, and other otfences not
embraced in the express provision of the articles of war, wasdeemed
80 questionable that an application was made to Congress at the
last session to bring them expressly within the jurisdiction of such
24
370 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
a tribunal, but it .was not acted on. I am not prepared to say that,
under the peculiar circumstances of the case, and particularly by
the non-existence of any civil authority to which the offender could
be turned over, a military court could not rightfully act thereon;
yet very serious doubts are entertained upon that point, and the
government do not advise that course. It seriously regrets that
such a flagrant offender cannot be dealt with in the manner he de-
serves. I see no other course for you to pursue than to release him
from confinement, and send him away from the army; and this is
recommended. It is intended to invite the attention of Congress
again to this subject, in order to have provision made for such
cases; but it cannot be so done as to operate ex post facto, and of
course will not embrace the case in question.
I refer with reluctance to your remarks upon that part of my
despatch of the 22d of September which relates to the Tampico
expedition. As you have misconceived the views of the govern-
ment, and made the course pursued here the ground of a formal
protest, it seems to be proper that I should notice your animadver-
sions upon it. I think you have erred in regarding what was put
forth as suggestions, in the light of peremptory commands. It was
intended to leave the whole subject, as well the organizing and
sending forth the expedition as the designation of the officers to
command it, to your approval and final judgment. Such I think
the fair import of the language used to manifest this intention. Con-
sidering the large number of troops on the Rio Grande, and on the
way there, it was presumed here that a part of them could bespared
for the Tampico expedition; but you were expressly informed that
none would be withdrawn from that line if, in your opinion, it
" would interfere wuth your operations;" and it was not then sug-
gested that any should be taken from your advancing column. So
in relation to the general officers proposed for the command of the
force: they were not to be taken if " it should interfere with your
previous arrangement in regard to these officers." They were pre-
sented to your consideration for that service, because they were not
employed with the column advancing into the enemy's country,
but were with the troops on the Rio Grande, from w^hich most of
the force for the expedition, it was presumed, would be detached.
Certainly no disrespect was intended towards you as command-
ing general; nothing was proposed which could deprive you of the
means of securing success to your own plans of operation. After
a respectful consideration of your remarks, and a re-examination of
that part of my despatch which you deem exceptionable, I cannot
regard it as an encroachment upon your just rights, or " a violation
of the integrity of the chief command in the field."
You must be aware that in my official communications I am only
the medium of presenting the views of the President; and you will
not question his right as commander-in-chief to make suggestions
as to the movements of the forces under your command, or as to the
officers to be employed in these movements. Having, in this in-
stance, carefully qualified his suggestions so as to prevent them
from being regarded as positive directions or commands, and ex-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 371
pressly disclaimed the intention of employing any part of the
troops which, in your opinion, " would interfere with your opera-
tions," he is entirely unconscious of having given any just cause
for protest or complaint.
The reason otFered for communicating directly with General Pat-
terson, and instructing him "to make preparations for the move-
ment, (the Tampico expedition,) so far as it can be done without
disturbing your present arrangements on the Rio Grande," &c., was
"to prevent delay." This you declare to be inapplicable. Your
language is: "The reason alleged, viz: the loss of time in commu-
nicating with General Patterson, has no application, for the Secre-
tary's despatch came from that officer to my head-quarters in 60
hours, and he could not move without drawing largely upon this
column for artillery and regular troops." To vindicate the good
faith with which this reason was assigned, I deem it proper to ap-
prise you that it was not known here that General Patterson was at
Camargo; but as he was in command on the Rio Grande, it was rea-
sonable to conclude that my communication would reach him at
Matamoras, or in that vicinity: neither was it known at what place
in the enemy's country my despatch would reach you. The casual-
ties of sending communications to and from you after you had pen-
etrated far into it, was not overlooked. The fact that one from
this department of the 2d of September, having relation to the
Tampico expedition, was intercepted by the enemy, shows that it
was not unreasonable to apprehend delay from this cause.
There were causes for delay in the contemplated expedition other
than that suggested in your remarks, viz: the concentration of
troops. By my letter to General Patterson, it will be perceived
that it was here considered important that he should be at once en-
gaged in acquiring accurate information as to the routes, whether
by land or sea, and in forwarding it, with the least possible delay,
to the department. The early receipt of this information was
deemed important for the reasonable preparation of transports, and
collecting needful supplies, &c.
With the disposition which I am sure you possess to judge fairly
on the subject, I allow myself to hope that on reflection you will
perceive that the reason alleged for a direct communication with
General Patterson was not an idle one; and perhaps you may re-
gard it as it was and still is here regarded, as of sufficient impor-
tance to justify the course adopted.
In conclusion, I assure you that nothing could be further from
the views of the department than any intention to interfere with,
or derogate from, the authority belonging to you by right or
usage as commanding general; and allow me to add, that after full
consideration of the part of the despatch deemed by you excep-
tionable, I am unable to convince myself that either in the manner
or matter, all circumstances considered, it furnishes just grounds
for your animadversions.
Very respectfullv, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Maj-or General Z. Taylor, ^c, Sfc.
372 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Wa& Department,
Washington^ Jfovemher 23, 1846.
Sir: The President several days since communicated in person
to you lis orders to repair to Mexico, to take command of the
forces there assembled, and particularly to organize and set on foot
an expedition to operate on the gulf coast, if on arriving at the
theatre of action you shall deem it to be practicable. It is not pro-
posed to control your operations by definite and positive instruc-
tions but you are left to prosecute them as your judgment, under
a full view of all the circumstances, shall dictate. The work is
before you, and the means provided, or to be provided, for accom-
plishing it, are committed to you, in the full confidence that you
will use them to the best advantage.
The objects which it is desirable to obtain have been indicated,
and it is hoped that you will have the requisite force to accom-
plish them.
Of this you must be the judge when preparations are made, and
the time for action has arrived.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
• W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Winfield Scott,
Commanding the Army^ Washington.
Head-quarters of the Army,
West Pointy JVeio York., September 12, 1846.
Sir: In the letter I had the honor to address to you the 27th of
May last, I requested that I might be sent to take the immediate
command of the principal army against Mexico — either ^^ to- day or
at any better time he (the President) may be pleased to designate.''^
The horse regiments (twelve months volunteers) destined for
that army being, I suppose, now within fifteen or twenty marches
of the Rio Grande, and the season for consecutive operations at
hand, I respectfully ask to remind the President of that standing
request. I do this without any hesitation in respect to Major Gen-
eral Taylor, having reason to believe that my presence at the head
of the army in the field, in accordance with my rank, is neither
unexpected nor undesired by that gallant and distinguished com-
mander.
A slight return of chills and fevers may detain me here with my
family long enough to receive your reply to this note. Should the
President yield to my wishes, a few hours in New York and Phila-
delphia would enable me to make certain arrangements and save
the necessity of a return to those cities from Washington. I sup-
pose it would be easy for me to reach the Rio Grande by the end
of this month.
With high respect, I have the honor to be, sir, your most obe-
dient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Hon. W. L. Marcy, Secretary of War.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 373
War Department,
WaskingtoTij September 14, 1S46.
Sir: I have received your letter of the 12th instant, and sub-
mitted it to the President. He requests me to inform you that it
is not within the arrangements for conducting the campaign in
Mexico to supersede General Taylor in his present command, by
assigning you to it.
I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Major General W. Scott.
[Private and confidential.] New York, Jfovemher 25, 1846.
My Dear General: I left Washington late in the day yester-
day, and expect to embark for New Orleans the 30th instant. By
the 12th of December I may be in that city, at Point Isabel the
17th, and Camargo, say, the 23d, in order to be within easy corres-
ponding distance from you. It is not probable that I may be able
to visit Monterey, and circumstances may prevent your coming to
me. I shall much regret not having an early opportunity of felici-
tating you in person upon your many brilliant achievements; but
we may meet somewhere in the interior of Mexico.
I am not coming, my dear general, to supersede you in the im-
mediate command on the line of operations rendered illustrious by
you and your gallant army. My proposed theatre is different.
You may imagine it, and I wish very much that it were prudent at
this distance to tell you all that I expect to attempt or hope to
execute. I have been admonished that despatches have been lost,
and I have no special messenger at hand. Your imagination will
be aided by the letters of the Secretary of War, conveyed by Mr.
Armistead, Major Graham, and Mr. McLane.
But, my dear general, I shall be obliged to take from you most
of the gallant officers and men (regulars and volunteers) whom you
have so long and so nobly commanded. I am afraid that I shall,
by imperious necessity — the approach of yellow fever on the gulf
coast — reduce you, for a time, to stand on the defensive. This
will be infinitely painful to you, and for that reason distressing to
me. But I rely upon your patriotism to submit to the temporary
sacrifice with cheerfulness. No man can better afford to do so.
Recent victories place you on that high eminence, and I even flat-
ter myself that any benefit that may result to me personally from
the unequal division of troops alluded to will lessen the pain of
your consequent inactivity.
You will be aware of the recent call for nine regiments of new
volunteers, including one of Texas horse. The President may
soon ask for many more, and we are not without hope that Con-
gress may add ten or twelve to the regular establishment. These,
by the spring — say April — may, by the aid of large bounties, be in •
the field, should Mexico not earlier propose terms of accommoda-
374 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
tion; and long before the spring (March) it is probable you will
be again in force to resume offensive operations.
I am writing at a late hour of the night, and more than half sick
of a cold. I may despatch another note before I embark; but from
New Orleans, Point Isabel, &c., you shall hear from me officially
and fully.
It was not possible for me to find time to write from Washing-
ton, as I much desired. I only received an intimation to hold my-
self in preparation for Mexico on the 18th instant. Much tras been
done towards that end, and more remains to be executed.
Your detailed report of the operations at Monterey, and reply to
the Secretary's despatch, by Lieutenant Armistead, were both re-
ceived two days after I was instructed to proceed south.
In haste, I remain, my dear general, yours faithfully,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Uriited States Jirmy^ commanding ^ &fc.
War Department, '
JVovember 25, 1846.
Sir: A letter, of which the enclosed is a copy, w^as sent to Com-
modore Connor, commander of the United States squadron off Vera
Cruz, and by him has been transmitted to the Secretary of the
Navy, with the remark that it is from a reliable source, and is cor-
roborated by similar information obtained through other channels.
It is deemed important that you should be in possession of the
statements contained in that paper, to the end that means may be
taken to ascertain whether they are w^ell founded; and^ if there be
any reason to believe them true, that you may act with reference
to the movements of the enemy therein indicated.
A copy of the enclosed paper has been sent to Major General
Scott and to General Patterson.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, *
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Z. Taylor.
[No. 110.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey.^ November 12, 1846.
Sir: The communication of the Secretary of War, of October
22, with its enclosures, by the hands of Major McLane, was
received this morning. You will have seen by my orders, and my
despatch of the 9th, what measures have been taken to conclude the
armistice and to occupy Saltillo. Being advised, by special ex-
press from Matamoras, of Major McLane's approach, I had post-
poned my intended departure this day for Saltillo until his arrival.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 375
As I deem it still important to occupy that position, for reasons to.
be explained below, I shall march thither to-morrow, according to
my first intention. On my return, say by the 20th instant, I shall
probably be able to inform the department more fully on certain
important points connected with our operations; but I now avail
myself of the return of Major McLane to Washington to state
briefly my views on some of the topics embraced in the Secretary's
communication.
Without active operations towards San Luis Potosi from this
quarter, I still deem the occupation of Saltillo important, for three
reasons:
First. As a necessary outpost of the main force at Monterey,
covering, as it does, the important defile which leads from the low
country to the table land; and also the route to Monclova.
Secondly. As controlling a region from which we may expect
considerable supplies of breadstuff's and cattle, viz: the fertile coun-
try around Parras; and
Thirdly. As the capital of Coahuila, which renders it very im-
portant in a political point of view.
I have already represented to the department the difficulties to
be encountered in a forward movement upon San Luis, and the
amount of force which would be necessary to insure success. Those
reasons only apply to the country beyond Saltillo. I consider the
occupation of that point as a necessary complement to our opera-
tions and to the policy of holding a defensive line, as the Sierra
Madre, and trust the department will concur with me in this view.
As already reported. Brigadier General Wool is now at Mon-
clova, having found no practicable route to Chihuahua, save the
well-known but very circuitous one by Parras. I fully agree with
the department that no commensurate benefit is likely to result
from the march on Chihuahua of General Wool's column, and shall
accordingly direct him to suspend, his movement in that direction.
The occupation of Saltillo in force renders it still less necessary
that Chihuahua should be occupied. I cannot yet determine spe-
cifically what disposition to make of General Wool's column.
Meanwhile I have directed him to remain in his present position
until further orders.
In regard to the expedition against Vera Cruz, after a good
deal of reflection upon the subject, I feel bound to express my
conviction that four thousand men will be a force quite too small
for the purpose contemplated. In my despatch of October 15 I
stated twenty-five thousand troops, of which ten thousand to be
regulars, as the least force that should make a descent in that quar-
ter, with a view of marching on the capital. I now consider that
simply to invest and take Vera Cruz, and of course hold the posi-
tion, we should have ten thousand troops, of which four thousand,
if possible, should be regulars. It is quite probable that a smaller
force, even foi*r thousand, might eff'ect a landing and carry the
town; but could they sustain themselves until the castle of San
Juan d'Ulloa should be reduced by famine'? The country lying
between Vera Cruz and the city of Mexico is populous, and at
376 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
least one portion (Puebla) understood to be very loyaL Would not
a force be brought against us before the castle could be reduced,
sufficiently strong to endanger our safety, cut off, as we should be,
from succor? When to these considerations we add the uncertain-
ty of weather during the winter season, rendering our communica-
tion with the fleet liable to interruption, I think it will be seen
that the force should be large enough not only to land and invest
the town, but also to hold itself secure against any attack from
the interior, and for such purpose I consider ten thousand men
quite as small a force as should be ventured.
A force of ten thousand men cannot be spared from the occupa-
tion of the line of the Sierra Madre. Four thousand may be di-
verted from that object; and if to these, six thousand fresh troops
from the United States were added at the proper time, the expedi-
tion might be undertaken with a promise of success. 1 propose,
therefore, to proceed wuth the preparation for a movement on Tam-
pico; and after accomplishing every thing that is to be done in
that quarter, I will, if the department approve, hold four thousand
men, of which perhaps three thousand regulars, ready to embark
at some point on the coast, and effect a junction with the additional
force from the States. The movement towards Tampico will not
produce any delay if my views are adopted; and I consider it quite
important to occupy Victoria and the lower portion of Tamaulipas,
after securing properly the line to be held in this quarter.
I conceive it all-important, having in view the Mexican charac-
ter, that as little should be left to accident as possible, and that
we should be careful, as far as human foresight can provide, to
avoid the smallest liability to disaster. A descent upon a hostile
coast, notoriously dangerous, and in an inclement season of the
year, is an operation requiring the most careful preparations and
exact management, and possessing, under the most favorable cir-
cumstances, more or less elements of failure. It seems the part of
prudence, therefore, to take a sufficient force to meet any contin-
gency that may arise.
Being pressed for time, I have given my views briefly, and per-
haps somewhat crudely, on the most important points presented in
the despatch of the secretary. There are other topics which will
probably claim my attention, but which must now be passed over.
I would only suggest that, in the event of an expedition to Vera
Cruz, the heavy ordnance, engineers' stores, &c., should be shipped
direct from the north. The additional force from the Atlantic sea-
board might embark, say, by the 10th of January.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of fhe Array ^
Washington^ D. C.
Ex. Doc. No. 60, 377
[No. 113.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ JVovember 24, 1846.
Sir: I reported briefly from Saltillo, on the 16th instant, the oc-
cupation of that city by our troops. A duplicate of that report is
transmitted herewith. I seize the first opportunity after my re-
turn from that place to report more in detail the circumstances of
its occupation, and also to refer to the position of Brigadier Gen-
eral Wool, and the orders which I have given to that officer.
While in route to Saltillo on the 14th instant, I was met by a
white flag conveying a- despatch from GeneraLSanta Anna, in re-
ply to the notice given him of the cessation of the armistice.
Copies of these letters and of my final reply are forwarded by this
mail.
On approaching the city of Saltillo a messenger placed in my
hands a document, herewith enclosed, protesting, in the name of
the State of Coahuila, against the occupation of the city. The
individual signing the protest had been elected governor the day
previous, and left the city in the morning of the day on which we
took possession. The troops of General Worth's division were
immediately quartered in the town, and arrangements were made
before I left for procuring a supply of breadstuff's and forage at
reasonable rates.
A reconnoissance was also made of the country some 25 miles in
front, and one projected, to be executed after my departure, of the
Parras route as far as Patos, a rich hacienda about 35 miles from
Saltillo. I left a squadron of the 2d dragoons to serve under Gen-
eral Worth's orders until relieved by other ca-^'alry, proposing to
assign Lieutenant Kearny's company 1st dragoons and a squadron or
two of the Kentucky horse to his division as soon as they can be
brought forward. I shall also reinforce him by a volunteer force —
probably a brigade.
The division at Saltillo covers the direct route from San Luis
Potosi. The other route would be covered by a force at Parras,
which would at the same time control the abundant supplies to be
drawn from the neighboring country, the richest of the north of
Mexico. Brigadier General Wool being in position at Monclova,
and it being now fully ascertained that he cannot march thence on
Chihuahua, even were it desired, I have ordered him to move on
Parras. The State of Coahuila will then be-completely occupied
and covered; and in case active operations towards the interior
should hereafter be determined on, we shall be in position to march
on San Luis, Zacatecas or Durango. Brigadier General Wool will
at once abandon his communications by San Antonio and Lavaca,
and adopt that by the Rio Grande and Monterey.
1 am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A., commanding^
The Adjutant General
Of the army, Washington, DC.
378 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
GOBIERNO DEL ESTADO DE COAHUILA.
El movimiento emprendido por V. con las fuerzas que militan i
sus ordenes, no deja la menor duda que tiene por objeto invadir
esta ciudad, lo mismo que lo ban sido la majoria de los pueblos de
Coahuila por las tropas que ban abanzado hasta Monclova. La falta
de armas en el Estado de mi cargo para oponer la fuerza d la
fuerza, dara lugar a que V. ocupe sin obstaculo esta capital com-
peliendome las circunstancias i retirarme de ella; mas al alejarme
debo y quiero que conste de una manera autentica, la protesta que
hago solemnemente^ nombre del Estado de Coahuila, contra el go-
bierno de los Estados Unidos del norte, por la usurpacion del terri-
torio ocupado por sus armas; por los ultrajes y perjuicios que se
infieran en las personas y haciendas de los habitantes de estos pue-
blos indefensos; por las depredaciones que sufran los intereses pub-
licos, y por cuantos males son consiguientes d la invasion mas injus-
tificable que conoce el mundo.
Dios y libertad! Saltillo, Novembre 16 de 1846.
JOSE MARIA DE AGUIRRE.
Senor Mayor General Don Z. Taylor,
General-en-gefe del Ejercito de los Estados Unidos.
[Translation.]
The movement you are making with the forces under your com-
mand leaves no doubt that your object is to invade this city,
as have been the greater part of the towns of Coahuila, by the
troops whicji have advanced to Monclova. The want of arms in
this State leaves me no means to oppose force to force, and will
enable you to occupy this capital without opposition, and compel
me to retire from it; but in doing so I ought, and I desire, to place
upon record, in the most authentic manner, this protest, which I
solemnly make in the name of the State of Coahuila, against the
government of the United" States of the north, for the usurpation
of the territory occupied by their arms; for 'the outrages and
damages which may accrue to the persons and property of
the inhabitants of these defenceless towns; for the injuries the
public interests may suffer, and for all the evils consequent upon
the most unjustifiable invasion ever known to the world.
God and liberty! Saltillo, November 16, 1846.
JOSE MARIA DE AGUIRRE.
Major General Taylor,
General-in- chief of the army of the United States.
[No. 114.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, JYovember 26, 1846.
Sir: I have to report that I received official information last eve-
ning of the occupation of Tampico on the 14th instant, by the
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 379
naval forces under Commodore Perry. I had before learned from
the Mexican newspapers that the garrison had been withdrawn on
the 27th of October. , i, v. .v, ^..f
On the requisition of Commodore Perry, who brought the first
intelligence of the occupation to Brazos Santiago, Major General
Patterson promptly gave orders for Lieutenant Colonel Belton s
battalion (six companies) to proceed to and gar-rison Tampico, and
also took measures to ship thither a sufficient supp y of heavy ord-
nance and provisions. These orders have been fully approved by
me, and I have directed a regiment of voli^nteers to be added to
the garrison, the whole to be under the command of a brigadier
genera], probably Brigadier General Shields, who is now here and
will soon report to Major General Patterson. _
I propose still to throw forward a force as far as Victoria, with
the view of examining the country, and particularly the passes
which lead from Linares and.other points towards the interior.
I shall take the earliest occasion to reply to the communication
of the Secretary of War, dated October 29, but am obliged to post-
pone it for a day or two.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAiLUK,
Major General U. S. Ji., commanding.
The Adjutant General
Of the Army^ Washington, D. C.
[No. 121.1 Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
^ ' Camp near Monterey, December 8, 1846.
Sir: As I expect to march in a few days for Victoria, I consider
the present a proper occasion to explain somewhat in detail the dis-
positions which have been made, and which are contemplated, for
the occupation and defence of this frontier. With this view, I en-
close a sketch exhibiting the line from Parras to Tampico, and
showing how a portion of that line is naturally marked by the chain
of the "Sierra Madre."
It will be seen at once, that San Luis Potosi is a position almost
equally distant from the points of this line. This would give a
force at San Luis a very great advantage over us, were it not for
the nature of the country and the communications— the region be-
tween San Luis and the mountains being scantily supplied with
water and subsistence, and the road by Saltillo and Monterey
being the only practicable route for artillery across the mountains.
Without artillery, the Mexican troops are not at all formidable,
and, I think, have but little confidence in themselves. I therefore
consider the positions of Saltillo and Parras as of prime import-
ance. With an intermediate post at Patos, and the means, by a
good road, of rapidly uniting, if necessary, I deem the columns of
Brigadiers General Wool and Worth quite equal to hold that tlank
of the line. I shall, however, reinforce the latter general, particu-
larly in cavalry, and shall establish a reserve at this place to sup-
380 Ex. Doc. No. 60,
port the advanced positions, shoil!d the movements' of the enemy
require it.
Brigadier General Wool is understood to be now at Parras with
his column — say 2,400 strong, with six guns. Brigadier General
Worth has hi's head quarters at Saltillo, his command consisting of
some 1,200 regular troops, with eight guns. I pr ^pose to reinforce
him by two regiments of volunteer foot, and a portion of the Ken-
tucky cavalry. Lieutenant Kearny's company is all the regular
cavalry force I can assign to him at present.
At Monterey will % the head-quarters of Major General Butler,
commanding the reserve. Two companies of artillery, and one of
the weak infantry battalions, (4th,) will compose the garrison of
the place. The troops of General Butler's proper division (Ohio,
Indiana, and Kentucky) will be at this point, and in echellon on
the route hence to Camargo and the moutli of the Rio Grande,
except those which may be ordered to reinforce General Worth,
as above indicated.
Tampico is now garrisoned by eight strong companies of artil-
lery and the Alabama regiment of volunteers — say 1,000 effectives.
I consider this force quite sufficient to hold the place, controlling,
as we do, the harbor. Between Tampico and this place, Victoria
offers itself at once as an important position to be held by us. It
is the capital of the state of Tamaulipas^ it is situated at the de-
bouchee of a pass through the mountains, and it has a port, Soto la
Marina, where we shall probably be able to establish a convenient
depot. It also threatens the flank of the Mexican army, should it
advance from San Luis. These considerations attracted my at-
tention to Victoria before the surrender of Tampico; but I now
deem it more than ever important, for I have reason to believe that
a corps of observation is in that quarter, under the orders of Gen-
eral Urrea, having its head-quarters, perhaps, at Tula, and sending
forward advanced parties as far as Victoria. I have, therefore,
changed nothing in my original purpose of moving on Victoria,
believing it important to occupy that point, and knowing that any
surplus force would then be* in position for the ulterior views of
the government, should any further operations on the gulf coast be
ordered. Major General Patterson has accordingly been instructed
to march from Matamoras on Victoria with three regiments of vol-
unteers from his division, one being the Tennessee horse. I pro-
pose to move from this point, say by the 12th instant, wi^h the
regular troops now here under Brigadier General Twiggs, (except
those to be left in garrisons, as above,) and the regiments of Gen-
eral Patterson's division under Brigadier General Quitman. At
Montemorelos, 68 miles from this, I shall effect a junction with
Riley, who is now there, and incorporate with the column the sec-
ond Tennessee regiment under orders for that place. With this
augmented force I expect to effect a junction with Major General
Patterson before Victoria.
After establishing a depot, if it be found practicable, at Soto la
Marina, examining the passes of the mountains, and making such
dispositions as may be found necessary for the security of the po-
sition, it is my intention, unless otherwise instructed, to return
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 381
with a portion of the regular force, and establish my head-quarters
in advance of Saltillo, which, after all, I consider to be our most
important point.
You will perceive, that one effect of the arrangements above in-
dicated, will be, to throw Major General Patterson, with the
troops of his appropriate division, (Tennessee, Illinois, Mississippi,
Alabama, and Georgia,) on the left, and near the coast, while Ma-
jor General Butler, with his division, occupies the line of commu-
nication from the Rio Grande to Saltillo.
Intelligence, received this moment from Saltillo, represents all
quiet in front. We have reports of a revolution in Mexico, em-
bracing two or three States, and directed against General Santa
Anna, but the information dioes not come in an authentic form.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major Gen. U. S. A..^ commanding.
The Adjutant General
Of the Army^ Washington^ D. C.
[No. 122.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, December 14, 1846.
Sir: I have respectfully to report that the movement toward
Victoria has commenced. The regular troops (except a portion of
the dragoons to join in route) marched yesterday, under Brigadier
General Twiggs; the volunteers, under Brigadier General Quitman,
marched this morning. I shall leave to-morrow, and expect to
overtake the columns at Montemorelos. ^
In my communication of the 8th instant, I alluded to the occu-
pation of Tampico, and the force which I considered sufficient to
hold that place. I fully approved of the first measures taken by
Major General Patterson, to garrison Tampico; and, after giving
him instructions to despatch thither a regiment of volunteers in ad-
dition to the battalion of artillery, was not a little surprised to
hear from him that he had, besides, ordered the Illinois brigade
by water, and proposed going there himself to assume the com-
mand.' This proceeeding I considered not only wholly unneces-
sary, but as a direct and unwarrantable interference with the plan
which I had already communicated to General Patterson, for a
combined movement upon Victoria; for, while the Illinois regi-
ments were to proceed by water to a place where their services
were not needed, the Tennessee regiment of horse was to be
compromitted by marching, unsupported by infantry, from Mata-
moras to Victoria. By special express I succeeded in arresting
this fatal misdirection, and have now hopes of concentrating a re-
spectable force at Victoria, as first intended.
I wish my report of interferences could stop here; but another qf
the gravest character has been brought to my notice, to which I beg
leave to invite the earnest attention of the general-in-chief and the
Department of War. In an official letter addressed, under date of
382 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
November 26th, to the commanding officer at Point Isabel, Com-
modore Perry, of the navy, writes thus:
"Since I wrote you by Lieutenant Anderson, I have visited New
Orleans, conferred with Governor Johnson and Generals Jesup and
Brooke, all of whom unite "with me in placing great importance
upon the immediate possession, by a military garrison, of Tampico.
"I have on board this ship eight pieces of artillery, with all the
requisite appurtenances and munitions, borrowed from the State
arsenal of Louisiana by General Brooke; also Lieutenant Critten-
den with forty-five infantry, (recruits.) General Brooke assures
me that four hundred mounted riflemen, hourly expected at New
Orleans, will be imlnediately despatched in the steamer ' Massa-
chusetts' so soon as they arrive; but I fear there will be difficulty
in landing the horses, on account of the roughness of the sea at the
bar of Tampico."
It is hardly necessary to make any comment upon the above. It
will be seen at once that by the advice of officers at a distance, totally
ignorant of my views, and incurring no responsibility for the failure
of operations, a large and efficient corps of cavalry, upon which I
had reckoned for important service in the interior, has been inter-
cepted without authority, and sent where it is not needed, and
where it may lose many of its horses. Had the mounted riflemen
been sent back to Jefferson barracks, they could not have been
more completely lost to the present operations.
I have now no assurance that any reinforcements or supplies will
reach me through New Orleans. The advice of General Brooke or
" Governor Johnson" may divert recruits and the most important
objects of supply to Tampico, under the new principle of war that
the anemy, after destroying his heavy guns, will attack a place
which he dared not defend.
With such proceedings on the Rio Grande and in New Orleans, I
cannot be held responsible for the efficient prose-ution of the objects
of the government here. The departure of General Patterson from
the full and precise instructions I had given him is, in my opinion,
a leo-itimate result of the position of quasi-independence given to
that officer by the Department of War, against which I have pro-
tested, and again protest. As for the interference of General
Brooke, the War Department, I cannot doubt, will give that officer
the most stringent orders in no case to stop or divert the troops or
supplies that may be destined for the army under my command.
While I am considered competent to exercise the chief command
in the field, it is no more than reasonable that subordinates, and
above all, officers not serving with the army against Mexico, should
be compelled to keep in their proper places, and not expose to
hazard, by mischievous meddling, the success of military operations
involving the reputation of the army and the country.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z, TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. ./?., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. * 383
Head-quarters, 2d Division, Army of Occupation,
Matamoras, Mexico, December 8, 1846.
Sir: On the 22d of November I had the honor to inform you that
I|had been apprized of the capture of Tampico, and of the measures
adopted by me for occupying and holding that place, and that I in-
tended to go there by sea and assume the command. * * I regret
to say that the general commanding the army in Mexico has disap-
proved of my proceedings. Herewith I send copies of the letter of
disapproval, and of my answer. * * * j ^m ordered to move
by land from this point, and am using every exertion to obtain
means of transportation, and will leave here as soon as those means
can be obtained. I hope to march in eight or ten days, but as
transportation has not been provided for me, or officers of the
quartermaster's department assigned to me in time to procure a
sufficient amount, I do not consider myself responsible in any de-
gree for delay caused by want of it.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
• R. PATTERSON,
Major General U. S. A., commanding.
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War, Washington, D. C.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, JYovember 28, 1846.
Sir: Your communication of the 24th inst. has just been received
and laid before the commanding general, who directs me to express
his entire disapproval of your orders respecting the Illinois regi-
ments of foot and the Tennessee horse. He now directs that the
movement of these corps towards Tampico, in the manner suggested,
be at once suspended, and then carried out only in the mode pre-
scribed by him in previous instructions. It is considered by the
general that 1,000 men, of which say one- half regular troops, are
more than sufficient to defend Tampico; and it is not his purpose
to divert a larger force to that object. The battalion under Colonel
Gates, or Lieutenant Colonel Belton, together with one regiment
of volunteer infantry, as directed in the instructions by Major
McCall, are intended to compose the garrison of that place, and
may even be reduced if circumstances require. The Alabama regi-
ment having already started, will not be recalled, although a dif-
ferent arrangement was proposed. The Tennessee horse and the
Illinois brigade will now march from Matamoras, the former recri-
ment being immediately recalled to that point until it can march
supported by a column of infantry. This march will be under your
own orders, and the general desires to be informed when it will
commence, that he may regulate his own march accordingly,
I am directed further to say that the general disapproves of your
order directing Captain Hunter to proceed to New Orleans. No
officer in the field, except the general himself, has any right to or-
384 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
der an officer out of the country; and the general sees nothing in
the case to justify a departure from regulations and usage.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Major General R. Patterson,
Commanding 2d division^ Camargo, Mexico.
A true copy:
SETH WILLIAMS, 2d Lieut. 1st Artillery, A. D. C.
Head-quarters, 2d Division, Army of Occupation,
U. S. steamer Corvette, December 3, 1846.
Major: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your
letter of the 28th of November. In accordance with the orders of
the commanding general, I have suspended the embarkation of the
Illinois foot until I have received the instructrons which you say
were sent by Major McCall, who I hope will soon join me, I de-
sire to say that I have given no orders to the Tennessee regiment
of horse, except for its improvement in police and discipline, Ip.
my letter of the 24th of November I informed you that I should
order the regiment of Tennessee horse to proceed as directed in
your letter of the 5th of the same month. I am therefore some-
what at a loss to understand why the commanding general should
in this case direct you to express to me " his entire disapproval"
of i^ proposing to do precisely what I had been ordered by him
to do. Although I think I had a clear right to order " Captain
Hunter, 2d dragoons, to proceed to New Orleans and bring out the
horses and equipments for companies H and K of that regiment, so
that the men may be at once mounted, and prepared for the field,"
and that there has been no departure from the regulations of the
army, yet as the commanding general disapproves of this step, and
as Captain Hunter is now on the boat with me, I will order him
back to Camargo. As I have been very anxious that all my pro-
ceedings in Mexico should merit and receive the approbation of the
general commanding, I cannot but regret that any act of mine
should meet with his disapprobation.
I have also to acknowledge the receipt of extract from special
orders No. 179, the original of which was sent direct to Colonel
Baker, although he was under my immediate command, and sta-
tioned at the same place. I have to remark that I neither sent up
nor approved any application of Colonel Baker to go to Washing-
ton; that his correspondence with head-quarters was direct, and did
not pass through the usual channe!. Colonel Baker's regiment will
now march with only one field officer, the major. I venture to re-
quest that hereafter all correspondence with officers under my com-
mand be passed through the usual channel. This is a courtesy due
me, and 1 shall expect it.
On my arrival at Matamoras I will ascertain the means of trans-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 385
portation, and inform you when the column under my command
will move.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. PATTERSON,
Major General U. S. ./2., commanding.
Major W. W. S. Bliss,
JissH Adj. Gen., Head-quarters A. 0., Monterey, Mexico.
[No. 123.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, December 22, 1846.
Sir: Agreeably to the plan announced in m^ despatch, No. 122,
I left this place on the 15th instant for Victoria, having previously
put in motion the troops destined for that point. At Montemorelos
a junction was effected, on the 17th, with the 2d infantry and 2d
regiment of Tennessee foot from Camargo, and it was intended
with the whole force, say 3,500 men, to march on the 19th for
Victoria. But the very evening of my arrival at Montemorelos a
despatch arrived from General Worth, commanding at Saltillo,
with the intelligence that Santa Anna designed to take advantage
of the diversion of force towards Victoria, and by a rapid move-
ment to strike a heavy blow at Saltillo; and, if successful, then at
General Wool's force at Parras. Under these circumstances, and
with no means of judging how far this information might be well
founded, I deemed it proper to return to this point with the regu-
lar force, and thus be in position to reinforce Saltillo, if necessary.
The volunteers under Brigadier General Quitman, reinforced by a
field battery, were ordered to continue their march, and effect a
junction with General Patterson, at Victoria, while I returned
hither with General Twiggs's division, now increased by the 2d
infantry.
In the mean time Major General Butler and Brigadier General
Wool, being advised by General Worth of a probable attack upon
his position, moved rapidly to join him with all the available force
at Parras and Monterey, while orders were despatched by Major
General Butler to hasten up troops from the rear. The latter
general proceeded in person to Saltillo and assumed the command,
agreeably to instructions which I had given before my departure
to meet a case like the present.
I had proceeded beyond this point, on my way to Saltillo, when
I was met on the 20th by a despatch from the front, announcing
the early arrival of General Wool's column, and also that the ex-
pected concentration and movement of the Mexican troops upon
that position had not taken place; indeed, that their advanced posts
had rather been withdrawn. Deeming the force now and soon to
be at Saltillo quite sufficient to repel any demonstration at this
season from San Luis Potosi, I have not thought it worth while to
throw forward General Tsviggs's division to that place; and, after
25
386 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
resting it to-day, I shall to-morrow put it again in march for Vic-
toria, moving forward myself to that point.
Major General Patterson is supposed to be now well on his march
from Matamoras to Victoria, where his division, except the Ala-
bama regiment, (in garrison at Tampico,) will be brought together.
With a torce holding in observation the passes from Tula, the gar-
rison at Tampico may be much reduced, with advantage to the ser-
vice. I shall withdraw from that place, at once, the mounted rifle-
men and recruits that have been sent there.
I respectfully enclose a letter received yesterday from General
Santa Anna, in reply to my communication of December 4, a copy
of which has been forwarded.
My last official date from Washington is November 10,
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major Geiieral U. S. ^., commanding.
The Adjutant General
Of the army J Washington^ D. C.
SoR General: La communicacion de V. S. de 4 del corriente e
impreso que a eila accorapana, me ha impuesto que el gobierno de
los Estados Ur.idos ha mandado poner en libertad al General Diaz
de la Vega y a los oficiales Mexicanos que lo accorapanaban, que
dando asi verificado el cange de los prisioneros del bergantin Trux-
ton, pactado entre el commandante general de Vera Cruz y el Com-
odoro Connor. De este aconteciraiento dare cuenta a mi gobierno
para su debido conocimiento.
Asi mismo le participare le dispuesto por V. S. para la libertad
de los Mexicanos que se hallan detenidos cerca de Matamoras; y en
nombred e la republica le doy las mas espresivas gracias, por ese
zay go de humanidad y cortesia que hasta cierte punto atemia las
desgracias conseguientes al estado de guerra.
El honor de ofrecer a V. S. mi aprecio y atenta consideracion.
Cuartel general de San Luis Potosi, Diciembre 17 de 1846.
ANT. LOPEZ DE SANTA ANNA.
Senor General Z. Taylor,
Mayor General commandante del Ejercito
de los Estados UnidoSj Monterey.
[Translation.]
General: The communication of your excellency, of the 4th
instant, and the enclosed printed sheet, inform me that the govern-
ment of the United States have ordered the release of General Dias
de la Vega, and of the Mexican officers who accompanied him, thus
carrying into effect an exchange for the prisoners of the brig Trux-
toH; as agreed upon between^the commanding general of Vera Cruz
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 387
and Commodore Connor. I shall give notice of this event to my
government.
I shall also make known to it the measures your excellency has
taken for the liberation of the Mexicans who were detained near
Matamoras; and in the name of the republic I give you most sin-
cere thanks for this'trait of humanity and generosity, which, to a
certain extent, alleviates the distresses ccftisequent on a state
of war.
I have the honor to offer to your excellency my esteem and high
■consideration.
Head-quarters, San Luis Potosi, December 17, 1846.
ANTO. LOPEZ DE SANTA ANNA.
General Z Taylor,
Major General J commanding the army of the United States.
[No. 124.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
MontemoreloSj December 26, 1846.
Sir: I have the honor to report that I reached this place yester-
day, and shall to-morrow resume my march towards Victoria. I
have despatched a topographical officer, with a squadron of cavalry,
to reconnoitre a pass through the mountains from this point to Lab-
radores, and thence to Linares. General Twiggs's division came
up this morning, and encamps three miles in advance. It will also
march to-morrow.
It is understood that Major General Patterson was to march on
the 21st fiom Matamoras, having been delayed at that point by un-
avoidable causes. He will probably join me near Victoria.
I learned yesterday that the Mexican Congress had elected Santa
Anna president, and Gomez Farias |vice president, of the republic,
and have heard from several quarters that that body is favorably
disposed towards negotiation. I hope, at Victoria, to obtain more
-precise intelligence as to the state of things in the interior.
I have to acknowledge your letter to Captain Turpin, (v. s.,) of
November 25; copy of your letters to Major Johnson and Lieuten-
-ant Bell, (v. s.,) of November 11; "general orders" No. 50, and
"special orders" Nos. 108 and 111.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A., commanding.
The Adjutant General
Of the army J Washington^ D. C.
[No. 125,] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
MontemoreloSj December 26, 1846.
Sir: Your communication of November 30, with enclosures, re=
lative to the occupation of Tampico, has been received.
388 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
The prompt and, in my opinion, sufficient measures taken to gar-
rison Tampico the moment that Commodore Perry arrived at the
Brazos, were duly reported to the department, and I regret that it
should have been considered necessary to give orders from Wash-
ington to garrison a place voluntarily abandoned by the enemy and
within the theatre of my operations; but above all, that the diver-
sion of a large body x>f regular troops to that point by the orders
of Brigadier General Brooke should be approved, as seems to be
the case. Those troops are not required at Tampico, but are much
wanted at other points.
In regard to the direct correspondence with Major General Pat-
terson, I have nothing to add to what has been said in former let-
ters, except that confusion and embarrassment have resulted from
this unusual course; and I must again insist, while invested with the
chief command, upon being left perfectly free to employ the officers
and the troops under my orders as may, in my own judgment, seem
most expedient for the public service.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Jl.j commanding.
The Adjutant General
Of the Jirmy, Washington^ D. C.
[No. 1.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Victoria, Mexico, January 7, 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to advise you that on the 29th ultima
Brigadier General Quitman occupied, without resistance, the city of
Victoria, capital of the State of Tamaulipas. The enemy had a
body of some 1,500 cavalry in the town, with its advanced picket
at Santa Engracia, but it fell back as General Quitman approached,
and is understood to be now at Jaumave, in the direction of Tula.
At Tula there is a strong division of observation under the com-
mand of General Valencia.
An examination of the mountain pass leading to Tula shows that
it is entirely impracticable for artillery or wagons. Such is also
believed to be the character of the Santa Barbara pass, which opens
in the direction of Tampico.
I arrived here with the division of Brigadier General Twiggs on
the 4th instant, and was joined on the same day by the force which
Major General Patterson conducted from Matamoras. The force
now collected here is over 5,000 strong, and, I am happy to add,
in excellent health, and in good condition for service.
I am unofficially advised that Major General Scott is now in the
country, under orders from the government. I propose to remain
at this point until I can hear from him and determine what disposi-
tion to make of the troops now here. I am constantly expecting
despatches from his head-quarters.
The reconnoissance of the mountain passes leading to Labradores,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 389
alluded to in my communication of December 26, was completely
successful, so far as to determine the character of the routes, &c.;
but I regret to report that on the return of the party to Linares,
the escort was attacked in a difficult pass of the mountain, and the
baggage and ten men of the rear guard cut off. It is hoped that the
rear guard may have effected their escape, and will yet join us.
The officer and non-commissioned officer of the rear guard are in
arrest, and the former under charges. I am happy to say that no
blame can attach to Lieutenant Colonel May, who commanded the
escort, for this unfortunate occurrence. His detailed report will
be forwarded hereafter.
We have newspapers from the city of Mexico to the 19th of De-
cember, at which date the congress had taken no action in regard
to the war or the election of president. The country seems to be
in a very distracted condition, and the tone of the public press more
desponding than heretofore.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. ^., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, D. C.
War Department,
Washington, January 4, 1847.
tr(
enemy — „„. ^ , „.
cation. We are not fully advised what lines it is proposed to sus-
tain, or what posts are to be held. The line, should it not extend
beyond Monterey, is a long one, and a considerable force will be
required to keep it open, and to hold that place. If, in addition to
retaining possession of Monterey, an attempt should be made to
establish posts at Parras, Saitillo, Linares, Victoria, &c., it is feared
that an opportunity will be offered to the enemy to gain some ad-
vantage over us at one or more of these points, or along the chain
of connexion neccessarily to be kept up with them. You are well
acquainted with the present plans of operation. While engaged ia
an expedition on the seacoast, it is not proposed to penetrate the
country beyond Monterey, with a view to its permanent occupation,
though it is desirable to maintain a threatening attitude at that
point. Monterey must be held with a sufficient force. Such a
force being provided for that object, the remainder will of course
be at your disposal to maintain other proper positions, and to ope-
rate on the gulf coast, and especially at Vera Cruz. Your position
will enable you to determine, better than can be done here, what
should be the best disposition for the safety of our troops, and to
disappoint the expectations of the enemy, who is undoubtedly
watching for opportunities to fall upon them while in detachments
390
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
of small bodies, with greatly superior numbers. No positive di-
rections will, therefore, be given touching these matters.
It was expected that General Taylor would have deemed it ex-
pedient to order the force under General Wool to join him at Mon-
terey, and not to extend his line to Saltillo, with a view to hold
permanent possession of it. At the last advices from Gen. Wool
he had not received orders to unite his forces with those under the
immediate command of General Taylor, but it is hoped that before
this time the suggestions in my despatch to General Taylor of the
22d of October have been received, approved, and carried into
effect. The detachment which it is proposed to make from the
forces at and near Monterey, for the expedition on the coast, will
render it proper, if not indispensable, that they should be rein-
forced by General Wool's command.
As a considerable part of the forces under General Taylor may
be withdrawn for the expedition you are to conduct against Vera
Cruz, it is urged that great caution should be observed in regard to
the safety of those which may be left on the present line of opera-
tions.
If any reliance can be placed on the accounts which have
reached us as to the number and condition of the army under the
command of the Mexican general, he could have rendered it diffi-
cult and hazardous for our troops to advance to Saltillo, aad his
retiring beyond that place wears the appearance of a ruse to draw
us far into the country in that direction, to the end that he may
practise, with better hopes of success, his system of guerrilla war-
fare. If such be his object, I trust proper measures will be taken
to disappoint him. It seems now to be generally understood that
he is at Tula with a large body of cavalry. The object of this
movement is not clearly perceive(J. The withdrawing of the Mexi-
can force from Tampico would seem to indicate a determination on
his part to yield up Tamaulipas to our arms; but the occupation of
Tula with a strong force does not appear consistent with such a
course of policy, unless he is apprehensive that we may move upon
San Luis Potosi through the passes of the mountains in that vi-
cinity. Should we undertake to hold Victoria with a small force,
might he not move from his present position at Tula against that
place, and surprise it; or fall upon some of our detachments mov-
ing by land to Tampicol Though the Sierra Madre is difficult to
pass, and with wagons or wheel-carriages impassable, yet may not
the enemy's cavalry find a way through the gorges of this moun-
tain? It is not unreasonable to expect that some such movement
is contemplated. It is therefore suggested that this matter should
be well considered, and great care taken to guard against any sur-
prise in this quarter.
We have no news from Mexico on which much reliance can be
placed; but from such information as we have, it is doubtful
■whether a Mexican Congress will have assembled at the time fixed
for it — the 6t.h of December; and it is equally doubtful whether,
■whenever it shall come together, it will be disposed to enter upon
negotiations for peace. Mexico is undoubtedly in a wretched con-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 391
dltion, and without the prospect of improvement. A hope was en-
tertained, and not now wholly abandoned, that the northern depart-
ments would see that their interest would be promoted by with-
drawing from the central government and forming an independent
republic. Should any such disposition manifest itself, it ought to
be encouraged, and those engaged in the movement should have all
the protection and support from our forces that can be properly
given to them; without any pledge, however, that its separate ex-
istence will be made a condition in the treaty of peace which may
be entered into between Mexico and the United States.
We have not yet learned that Mexico is makinir any extraordi-
nary efforts to assemble a large covering army at Vera Cruz, and it
is hoped that you w\\\ not find a formidable force to oppose your
landing. Securely on shore in the vicinity of Vera Cruz, I have
but little doubt of your success in getting possession of the city,
and hope the surrender of the castle will follow.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Major General Winfield Scott.
Secretary of War.
War Department,
Washington J January 27, 1847.
Sir: I deem it proper to send you a letter (taken from a news-
paper) which first appeared in the "New York Morning Express,"
and has since, as a matter of course, been transferred to many other
journals. I learn from General Gaines that the letter is genuine.
This information, I am assured, he had previously given to others.
As the letter was not marked " confidential," he adjudged that cir-
cumstances existed which justified the publication of some part of
it, though he expresses an opinion that it was not written wulh such
a view.
It will in a short time be in possession of our enemy; and coming,
as it does, from the general to whom the conduct of the war on our
part was confided, it will convey most valuable information to the
Mexican commander, not only in relation to our present line of
operations, but as to the new one, which alone, in your opinion,
can be taken with a prospect of success, if an attempt is to be made
on the city of Mexico.
The disclosure of your views as to the future operations of our
forces, accompanied, as it is, with your opinion that the fruits of
the war, if completely successful, will be of little worth to us, will,
it is greatly to be feared, not only embarrass our subsequent move-
ments, but disincline the enemy to enter into negotiations for peace.
With particular reference to these effects, the publication is most
deeply to be regretted.
The 650th paragraph of the General Regulations for the army,
published March 1, 1825, declares that "Private letters or reports
392 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
relative to military marches and operations are frequently mis-
chievous in design, and always disgraceful to the army. They are,
therefore, strictly forbidden; and any officer found guilty of making
such report for publication, without special permission, or of placing
the writing beyond his control, so that it finds its way to the press,
within one month after the termination of the campaign to which
it relates, shall be dismissed from the service."
This paragraph was not included in the compilation of the gen-
eral regulations published in 1841, but is deemed peculiarly appli-
cable to a state of war; and the President has directed it to be re-
published, and the observance of it strictly enjoined upon all
officers.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient ser-
vant,
Major General Z. Taylor,
United States Armyy in Mexico.
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
War Department, July 11, 1846.
Sir: The President and this department feel no little embarrass-
ment on the subject of brevets to the officers who served with dis-
tinction in the affairs of the 8th and 9th of May, and in the de-
fence of Fort Brown. With every wish and desire to reward those
who distinguished themselves by their gallant conduct on these
several occasions, in the presence of the enemy, efforts have been
made to form a list of brevet appointments for the favorable action
of the Senate; but it has been found impossible to do that justice
to the subject .here, which the occasion seems to demand, under
the apprehension that, for the want of full and particular infor-
mation, so necessary in deciding questions of this nature, some
highly meritorious officers might be passed over, whose gallantry
and efficiency on the occasions would lose nothing by a compar-
ison with others more favorably noticed. In this doubt and un-
certainty, the President naturally looks to you for advice and as-
sistance, which, from your knowledge of the character and conduct
of the officers under your command, and of the services rendered
by each on the occasions referred to, he does not question you will
be able and willing to give; and he therefore requests that you
will furnish a list of such officers as, in your opinion, are entitled
to reward for their gallant conduct.
You are also requested to state whether there are any non-com-
missioned officers or privates whose general conduct and gallantry
in these affairs are such as to warrant their being favorably noticed
by the government, or whose claims would entitle them to pro-
motion.
An early answer is requested, as the President is desirous of
submitting the list to the Senate before the adjournment of Con-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 393
gress, which, it is presumed, will not be protracted beyond four
weeks from this time.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
^ ^ ^'^ WM. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Z. Taylor, _
Commanding Army of Occupation on the Rio Grande.
^ Mr. Brooke, who is the bearer of this, will take charge of any
;/ communication you may make.
[No. 66.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Matamorasj July 21 j 1846.
Sir: The communication of the Secretary of War, dated the 11th
instant, requesting me to furnish a list of such officers as, in my
opinion, are entitled to the distinction of brevet commissions for
their services in the affairs of the 8th and 9th of May, and in the
defence of Fort Brown, was received yesterday by the hands of
Mr. Brooke.
The task of making the selection desired by the Secretary is
one of peculiar delicacy and difficulty, increased, at this particular
moment,, by the fact that nearly all the corps of the army have
moved forward to Camargo; and I am thus deprived of consultation
with their chiefs. I fear that the list which I shall present will
appear large; but where all behaved so well, it has been impossi-
ble, without unjust distinctions, to form a more restricted one; and
it may be that I shall find it necessary, hereafter, to recommend a
few names in addition. The list which I subjoin presents the
names of such officers as I conceive entitled to brevet commissions
for their participation in the affairs of the 8th and 9th of May, and
the defence of Fort Brown.
Affairs of the 8th and 9th of May.
General ^^a/".— Lieutenant Colonel Payne, Captain Bliss, Lieu-
tenant Eaton, A. D. C, Captain Crosman, (affair of the 8th, only,)
Captain Waggaman, Lieutenant Scarritt, engineers. Lieutenants
Meade and Wood, (affair of the 8th, only,) topographical engineers,
Major Craig, ordnance.
Light artillery. — Captain Duncan, Lieutenants Ridgely, Roland,
Shover, Fremont, Hays, Peck, and French.
Second Dragoons.— Colonel Twiggs, Captain May, Lieutenant
and Adjutant McDonald. _ cr • /
Artillery battalion.— hieutendint Colonel Childs, Captain Smith,
2d artillery; Captain Scott, 4th artillery; Lieutenant Luther, 2d
artillery;. Lieutenants Chase and Daniels, 2d artillery; Lieutenant
Churchill, (affair of the 8th, only,) Lieutenant and Adjutant
Garnett.
394 Ex, Doc. No. 60.
Third rvfantry. — Captain Morris^ Captain Barbour, Lieutenant
and Adjutant Irwin.
Fourtk infantry. — Lieutenant Colonel Garland, Major ^lleUj
Captain McCall, Captain Buchanan, Lieutenants Jilvord^ Hoskins,
adjutant, Bearaan, Woods, and Hays.
Fifth, infantry. — Lieutenant Colonel Mcintosh, Major Staniford,
Captains Scott, Hooe^ and Chapman, Lieutenant and Adjut&nt
Deas.
Eighth Infantry. — Lieutenant Colonel Belknap, Captain Mont-
gomery, Lieutenants Gates, Lincoln, Lee, Maclay, Clark, adjutant,
and Jordan. ,
Defence of Fort Brown.
Captain Mansfield, enpjineers; Captain Lowd, 2d artillery; Lieu-
tenant Bragg, 3(1 artillery; Captain Miles, and Lieutenant and Ad-
jutant Page, 7ih infantry.
I have underscored such names as may properly be selected, to
form a smaller list, should the above be found too large.
I will only add, that the above list has been prepared in great
haste, in order to allow the bearer of the Secretary's communica-
tion, Mr. Brooke, to proceed to New Orleans in the return steam-
boat.
The inquiry relative to such non-commissioned officers and
soldiers as were distinguished, cannot be answered until I
can have an opportunity of consulting the various subordinate
commanders.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
• Major Gtn. U. S. A., commanding.
The Adjutant General of tke Army,
Washington, D. C,
War Department, July 17, 1846,
General: It affords me sincere pleasure to be the medium of
conununicating to you the complimentary notice of yourself and
the array under your command, as conveyed in the accompanying
resolutions of the general assembly of the State of Connecticut.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding Army of Occupation on the Rio Grande, Texas.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 395
War Department,
Washington^ July 21 j 1846.
Sir: The commissioners appointed by the United States to treat
"with the Camanche Indians redeemed from them a captive Mexican
boy, by paying a ransom of $150. He accompanied a deputation
of the Prairie Indians to this city. It has been determined to re-
store him to his parents and friends, who reside in the department
of Chihuahua, and in order to do this he has been sent to the quar-
/termaster at New Orleans, with directions to send him to you,
^ou will, in the way you deem most expedient, return him to his
friends. All we know of him or them we have learned from him-
self. He will inform you of the particular part of the department
from which he was taken. By the treaty between the United States
and Mexico, that republic would be bound to refund the sum paid
for his ransom and the expenses of returnins^ him, but the occur-
rence of war has abrogated that treaty in this respect. It is thought
the sending him to his parents would have a good effect upon the
people of that province.
Mr. Wm. S. Parrott, now of this city, long a resident in Mexico,
is personally acquainted with the present governor of Chihuahua^
and has written him a letter on the subject of returning this cap-
tive. I herewith enclose it to you, to be forwarded to him.
I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War,
Major General Z. Taylor,
War Department, October 5, 1846.
Sir: By a joint resolution of Congress, approved July 16th, the
President is authorized and requested to have a medal of gold pro-
cured, with appropriate devices and inscriptions thereon — presented
to you in the name of the republic, as a tribute due to your good
conduct, valor, and generosity to the vanquished. Preparations are
being made to carry this resolution into effect, and the only dif-
ficulty that seems to present itself is the want of a faithful bust
likeness of yourself, in order to enable the artist to prepare the die.
It is possible that you may have a faithful miniature likeness of
yourself, which could be made use of for this purpose: if so, and
you will direct it to be sent to this department, it shall be taken
good care of and safely returned to you. If you have no such
likeness, it is suggested that one may be taken by a competent
artist and forwarded to the department — the expense of which will
be defrayed by the government. It is believed that a daguerreo-
type likeness would answer every purpose, and insure a faithful re-
semblance.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding Army of Occupation^ Monterey^ Mexico.
396 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey J Mexico ^December 8, 1S46.
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your com-
munication of October 5th relative to the furnishing a likeness of
myself for the purpose of aiding the artist in preparing the die for
a medal designed for me.
This communication came to me when absent at Saltillo, and
hence the reason why it has remained so long unanswered. I regret,
however, to say that I have neither portrait nor miniature of my-
self, and there is not in the army or this place an artist who could
execute one sufficiently accurate for the purpose. The earliest op-
portunity shall be devoted to procuring a good likeness, and which
shall at once be appropriated to the use of the artist employed
upon the medal.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Jirmy.
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War., Washington^ B.C.
War Department,
Washington^ October 30, 1846.
Sir: In transmitting the enclosed communications from Colonel
R. C. Hall, of Lewistown, Pennsylvania, I beg to say that the de-
partment would feel gratified by an early attention to his request,
with as full and circumstantial account of the death, burial, and
place of interment of the late gallant officer who is the subject of
the inquiry, as may be obtained.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding J Sfc.^ Army of Occupation^ Monterey y Mexico.
[No. 59.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Matamorasj July 3, 1846,
Sir: It has been brought to my notice that an omission occurred
in my detailed report of the action of May 9, which I beg leave to
supply in the following words, to follow immediately after the
mention of Lieutenant Colonel Mcintosh as "being twice severely
wounded:"
The command of the 5th infantry then devolved upon Major Stani-
fordy who conducted it with zeal and ability to the close of the en-
gagement.
I need hardly say that this omission was entirely accidental; and
I beg, as an act of justice to Major Staniford, as well as myself,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 397
that the above paragraph may be inserted in the original report,
and may receive the same publicity.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Maj. Gen. U. S. A., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
[No. 60.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Matamorasy July 11, 1846.
Sir: I respectfully report that several of the steamboats procur-
ed for the navigation of the Rio Grande have arrived since my last
communication to your office, and that with their aid a forward
movement to Camargo has been commenced. The 7th infantry,
with two pieces of artillery and a company of Texan rangers, is
now, or will very soon be, in position at that place, and a depot of
supplies established. General Smith, with his brigade, (four regi-
ments Louisiana volunteers,) has taken a position on the river be-
tween this point and Reinosa, which town is still held by the bat-
talion of the 1st infantry, under Lieutenant Colonel Wilson.
There has been an extraordinary rise in the river, and our boats
most of which have little power, find it difficult to stem the current
ascending. I nevertheless hope soon to transfer the greater part
of the regular force to Camargo, with such regiments of volunteers
as I may determine to move forward. Any delay in our movement
is the#ess important, as the whole country, from ten days' incessant
storm and rain, is now under water and impracticable.
The court for the trial of Colonel Whistler and Captain Thorn-
ton meets to-day. Lieutenant Colonel Whiting and Major Craig
are necessarily absent from head-quarters on duties connected with
their departments; and to have waited for the arrival of Colonel
Gates would have prevented the session of the court altogether, as
in a few days the army will commence its movement.
No mail has been received from the United States since the 1st
instant. Newspapers three days later than the last letter dates
have reached us by way of Mobile, bringing out the news by the
'' Caledonia" relative to the proffered mediation of England. I
am looking with gre'at anxiety for the next advices.
I have no authentic intelligence from the interior.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Major General U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjitant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
398 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Matamoras, Mexico, July 16, 1846.
Sie: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of commis-
sions from your office of brevet major general and of major general
of the army of the United States, and to signify my acceptance of
them.
I am, sir, very respectfully^ your "obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
[No. 61. j Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Matamorasj July 16, 1846.
Sir: Agreeably to your instructions of June 20th, just received,
I respectfully enclose such returns, for the month of June, of the
volunteer regiments and battalions, as have been received at my
head-quarters. The returns of the regiments of General Smith's
brigade, and of the tvro regiments of Texas mounted riflemen, have
not been received. It is believed that the returns now forwarded
embrace all the other regiments that had arrived prior to the 1st of
July. No return of Lieutenant Colonel Watson's battalion is fur-
nished, as it is supposed you already have one in your office.
There are slight imperfections in some of these returns, which
could not well be corrected, owing to the distance of the corps
from head- quarters. As soon as the missing returns shall be re-
ceived, I will furnish a consolidated return of the volunteef force
for June.
I may remark that all the volunteers embraced in the returns here
enclosed were mustered for six months, except the Tennessee regi-
ment, which belongs to the twelve months' quota.
I have received one package containing fifty blank returns, in-
tended for regiments, brigades, or divisions; also a package of
blank department returns.
I am, sir, verv respectfully, your obediet servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. ^., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, D. C.
[No. 63.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Matamoras, July 22, 1846.
Sir: I have respectfully to report that the city of Caraargo was
occupied, without opposition, on the 14th instant, by a detachment
of two cmipanies of the 7th infantry, under command of Captain
Miles. The captain was joined the next day by the remainder of
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 399
the regiment, two pieces of artillery, and a company of irregular
cavalry. He has since been reinforced by the 5th infantry, and
the first brigade of infantry under General Worth is now in route
to Camargo, except a guard of two companies left to escort the
train by land — the main body proceeding by water. The third
brigade will immediately follow, and in a few days all the active
regular force will be at Camargo, or in motion thither. I am un-
avoidably compelled, much to my regret, to leave several compa-
nies of the artillery regiments to guard the different depots in my
rear.
We have now several steamboats in the river, and the business
of sending up troops and supplies is urged as much as possible. I
find the difficulty of throwing supplies up the river to be very
great, in consequence of the rapidity of ihe current, and the en-
tire absence of dry steamboat fuel. But every effort will be em-
ployed to overcome these difficulties, and I have no dou'H that we
shall be able to keep up a depot at Carmargo quite sufficient for
any operations from that point.
As yet the land route to Camargo is impassable for wagons, ow-
ing to the recent rains and freshets. As soon as it shall become
practicable, the field artillery and train of the army will move for-
ward to Camargo.
As soon as I can complete the necessary arrangements for throw-
ing forward the volunteer troops to Camargo, I propose to estab-
lish my head-quarters at that point, and organize, without delay, a
marching column to move to Monterey.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
^ j\Iajor General U. S. Ji.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
[No. 67. J Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Matamorasj July 28, 1846.
Sir: Your communication of the 8ih instant, relative to the
case of * * * has been duly received. In conformity with its
instructions, ' * * * has been released from arrest, and the pa-
pers connected with the case are herewith returned.
I beg leave to remark, in regard to this case, that, owing to the
active service of the array soon after the charges were received,
and the distance of important witnesses afterwards, no proceed-
ings had been instituted * * # ^ nor was he placed in arrest
until further delinquencies of the same character were reported
against him, late in June, when the commanding officer of his regi-
ment deemed it his duty to arrest him, and report the case to gen-
eral head-quarters. Although the decision ot the Secretary seems
to refer only to the original charges, I have still deemed it best to
400 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
release # * * , leaving it for the department to determine
whether further proceedings shall be instituted against him.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S Ji..^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
[No. 68.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
MatamoraSj July 29, 1846.
Sir: On the 26th of April last, after hostilities had commenced
in this quarter, I addressed a communication to Brevet Colonel
Harney, commanding at San Antonio, saying that at such a dis-
tance I could not give him precise instructions, but authorizing
him, if the safety of the country required it, to call upon the gov-
ernor for an additional military force. I gave this discretionary
power with reluctance, but felt it necessary in the existing state of
things. Colonel Harney accordingly called out seven companies,
as I have already reported to your office.
On the 6th of July, he reports that he has concentrated at San
Antonio three companies of the 3d dragoons, seven companies of
mounted volunteers, and one company of Delaware Indians — mak-
ing a total force of about 600 men, with which he intended to
march to the Presidio, Rio Grande, on the 15th July.
I need not say that this concentration of force at San Antonio,
and intended employment of it, were not only wholly without my
authority, but in direct opposition to my views and wishes, ^hey
were likely to cause the utmost embarrassment to General Wool,
and delay, if not defeat, the expedition with which he has been
entrusted. At the date of his communication. Colonel Harney was
in receipt of the general orders directing a heavy force upon San
Antonio.
I fortunately learned, on the day his report'was received, (28th
instant,) that he could not move for sometime for want of supplies,
and availed myself of an opportunity, direct to San Antonio, to
send him the most peremptory orders to stop his projected move-
ment, and if already in route, to return forthwith to San Antonio,
and await the arrival of General Wool; to arrest any measures
in progress to organize an additional force on his requisition; and
to employ Indians under no circumstances, except as guides or spies.
How far an officer so regardless of orders and the known inten-
tions of the government may be safely entrusted with an important
independent command, may be well inferred from this example.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington.) D. C.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 401
[No. 69.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,*
Matamorasj Mexico, July 30, 1846.
Sir: You will receive herewith my " orders," No. 93, of this date,
regulating the forward movement of a portion of the volunteer
force. All the foot regiments of 12-months volunteers intended
for this quarter, as indicated in your communication of June 30,
have arrived, except those from Illinois and Missouri, and pos-
sibly a few rear companies of other States. I propose eventually to
throw all this force, except two or three regiments to protect the
depots in rear, forward to Camargo, or its vicinity, where I hope
healthy camps may be established. The difficulties of transporta-
tion and subsistence, before reported, will prevent me from taking
in the direction of Monterey more than a small portion of the
12-months volunteers. If it be found that a large force can be
subsisted at that point, or at Saltillo, the corps in rear may be
brought forward.
The volunteers from Louisiana and other States to be discharged
under recent instructions are now embarking as rapidly as possible
for New Orleans. It is hoped that in a very few days the last
of them will sail.
I have to acknowledge the communication of the Secretary of
War dated July 6th; from your office of June 27th, July 2d, 7th,
and 9Lh; copies of your letters to Generals Wool, Patterson, and
Butler, of July 3d and 16th; "general orders" Nos. 25,26, 27, and
29, and "special orders" 57 to 61, inclusive.
■^t I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A., comman.ding ,
The Adjutant General of the Army,
, Washington, D. C.
[No. IIT] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Matamoras, August 1, 1846.
Sir: I respectfully enclose herewith the proceedings of a general
court martial recently convened at this place for the trial of * *
* * * *, 3d infantry.
I also enclose lists of the enlisted men killed and wounded in
the affairs of the 8th and 9th of May, and in the defence of Fort
Brown; prepared in conformity with your instructions of June 27th.
This list is chiefly derived from the regimental returns, the only
accessible source of information in most cases. The deficiencies
in these returns have been supplied in regard to the corps that had
not marched for Camargo; other defects, such as omission of first
names, maybe supplied from the muster-rolls on file in your office.
I have deemed it better to forward the list, imperfect as it is, than
to hold it back until it could be completed.
The list of commissioned officers present in the several engage-
26 '
402 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
ments, called for by the Secretary of War, will be furnished as
soon as practicable
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
' ' -^ Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Jirmy^
Washington J D. C.
[No. 72. j Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Matamoras, jiugust 3, 1846.
Sir: I respectfully enclose statements of the commissioned
officers present in the affairs of the 8th and 9th of May, and during
the bombardment of Fort Brown, prepared agreeably to your in-
structions of July 11th.
I am in hourly expectation of leaving for Camargo. The regu-
lar troops, except the cavalry and two or three batteries of artil-
lery, will have left by to-morrow, to be followed immediately by a
large portion of the volunteer force.
I regret to report that the Camanche Indians have been commit-
ting extensive depredations upon the Mexican inhabitants near
Mier. This circumstance, taken in connexion with our recent
treaty with those Indians, is calculated to give much embarrass-
ment; but I deem it a paramount duty to protect the Mexican citi-
zens from their ravages, and to apprehend and punish them if pos-
sible. Active measures have already been taken by Gen. Worth
to give security to Mier and the vicinity. Should we exhibit any
liikewarmness in this matter, the cry would instantly be raised that
the Indians are our allies — an impreti^sion already carefully dissem-
inated by the Mexican chiefs.
Captain Gillespie, with his company of rangers, recently marched
from San Antonio to the Rio Grande, passing through Laredo,
Revilla or Guerrerro, and Mier, to Camargo. He represents all
quiet in that quarter, and the inhabitants well disposed toVards us..
I trust the irruption of the Camanches may not have an effect to.
diminish this feeling.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A. ,^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington J D. C.
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
403
List of the commissioned oncers of the United Slates army present
in the actions of " Palo Alto^'' and " Resaca de la PalmaJ'^ on the
8th and 9th of May, 1846.
Names.
GENEKAL STAFF.
!. Brig. Gen. Z. Taylor, commanding.
2. Lieut. Col. M. M. Payne, 4th artillery...
3. Capt. W. W. S. Bliss, assistant adj't gen
4. 1st Lieut. J. II. Eaton, 3d infantry
5. Capt. G. G. Waggaman, com. of subsist.
6. 1st Lieut. J. M. Scarritt. mil. engineers.
7. J. E. Blake, top. engineers...
8. 2d Lieut, George Meade, top. engineers,
9. Bvt. 2d Lieut. T. J. Wood, top. engineers.
10. Major H. K. Craig, ordnance. '
11. Bvt. 2d Lieut. T. J. Brereton, ordnance.
12. Surgeon P. H. Craig, medical director.
13. Capt. G. H. Crosraan, ass't quartermaster.
Remarks.
14.
A. C. Myers, ass't quartermaster.
15. Surgeon N. S. Jarvis.
16. J. J. B. Wright.
17. Assistant Surgeon J. B. Porter.
18. . M. Mills.
19. B. M. Byrne.
20.
J. R. Conrad.
D. C.DeLeon.
J. W. Russell.
J. Simons.
T. C. Madison.
A, W. Kennedy.
J. K. Barnes.
SECOND REGIMENT OF DHAGOONS.
Colonel D. E. Twiggs.
Captain C. Ker.
C. A. May.
N. W. Hunter.
L. P. Graham.
1st Lieutenant R. A. Arnold, brevet captain.
Z. M. P. Inge
W. H. Saunders.
A. Lovsry.
F. Hamilton.
O. F. Winship.
R. P. Campbell.
2d Lieutenant William Steele
P. W. McDonald.
A. Pleasanton.
Brevet 2d Lieutenant D. B. Sackett.
Inspector general army of occupation; wound-
ed in the action of the 9th.
Aide-de-camp.
In the action of the 8ih only ; accidentally
killed by the discharge of his own pistol on
the morning of the 9th.
In the action of the 8th only — remaining with
the 18-pounder battery at Palo Alto.
In the action of the 8th only — remaining at
Palo Alto in charge of the train.
In the action of the 8th only — remaining at
Palo Alto with the train.
In the action of the 8th only; detached with
wounded at Point Isabel.
In the action of the 8th only; detached with
wounded at Point Isabel.
In the action of the 8tli only — remaining with
the train at Palo Alto.
Killed in the action of the 9th.
In the action of the 8ih oaly: detached with
the wounded in charge, to Point Isabel.
404
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
LIST— Continued.
Names.
Remarks.
FIRST REGIMENT OF ARTILLERY.
Captain J. Dirnick, brevet major.
1st Lieutenant J. B. Magruder.
J. S. Hatheway.
W. H. Fowler.
2d Lieutenant S. H. Dawson.
J. F. Irons.
Seth Williams.
Brevet 2d Lieutenant T. J. Curd.
T. B. J. Weld.
SECOND REGIMENT OF ARTILLERY.
Captain S. Mackenzie.
C. F. Smith.
James Duncan.
1st Lieutenant R. A. Luther
Wounded in the action of the 8th, and was not
J. F. Roland.
C. B. Daniels.
2d_ Lieutenant L. Chase.
A. A. Gibson.
\v illiam Hays.
Brevet 2d Lieutenant J. J. Peck.
H. F. Clarke.
THIRD REGIMENT OF ARTILLERY.
Brevet Lieutenant Colonel T. Childs.
Brevet Major S . Ringgold
present in the action of the 9th.
Wounded in the actioa of the 8th ; died of
i
Captain M. Burke.
1st Lieutenant G. Taylor, brevet captain.
R. Ridgely.
W. H. Shover.
W. Gilham.
W. H. Churchill
wounds on the 10th.
In the action of the 8th only — remaining in
command of the 18-poundar batterv at Paio
Alto.
•
Adjutant artillery battalion.
>
G. W. Ayers.
2d Lieutenant S. L. Fremont.
C. L. Kilburn.
BrcTet 2d Lieutenant S. G. French.
FOURTH RESIMENT OF ARTILLERY.
Captain.W. W. Morris, brevet major.
J. B. Scott.
R.C.Snead.
1st Lieutenant J. C. Pcmberton.
J. P. McCown.
2d Lieutenant S. S. Fahnestock.
R. S. Garnett
C. Benjamin.
Brevet 2d Lieutenant J. F, Farry.
THIRD REGIMENT OF INFANTRY.
Captain L.N. Morris,
H. Bainbridge,
G. P. Field.
P. N, Barbour.
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
LIST— Continued.
405
Names.
Remarks.
THiRr REGIMENT OF INFANTRY — Continued.
1st Lieutenant W. S. Henry.
L. S. Craig. •
J. M. Smith.
W. H. Gordon.
D. T. Chandler.
S. D. Dobbins
, B. R. Johnson.
0. L. Shepherd.
W. B, Johns.
£d Lieutenant D. S. Irwin, bvt. l&t It. Siadjt.
Thomas Jordan.
D. C. Buell.
' J. B. Richardson.
W. T. H. Brooks.
A. W. Bowman.
A. J. Williamson.
R. Hazlitt.
Prevet 2d Lieutenant J. C. McFerran.
H. B. Sehroeder.
J. J. C. Bibb.
J. P. Hatch.
B. E. Bee.
FOI'RTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY.
Lieutenant Colonel J. Garland.
Captain G. W. Allen, brevet major.
John Pajje
Wounded in the action of the 9th slightly.
W. M. Graham, brevet major.
P. Morrison.
G. A. McCall.
G. Morris.
R. C. Buchanan.
C. H. Larnard.
1st Lieutenant B. Alvord.
C. Hoskins, adjutant.
R. H. Graham.
R. E. Cochrane
£d Lieutenant S. Smith.
G. O. Haller.
H. D. Wallen.
J. Beaman.
C. R. Perry.
C. C. Cugur.
U. S. Grant
Brevet 2d Lieutenant J. S. Woods.
A. Hays.
♦ J. A. Richey.
P. A. Farrelly.
FIFTH REGIMENT OF 1NF.A.NTRY.
Wounded in the action of the 8th ; died of
wounds July, 1846.
Killed in the action of the Qth.
Lieutenant Colonel J. S. Mcintosh.
Major T. Staniford.
Captain M. Scott.
M. E. Merrill.
E. K. Smith.
A. S. Hooe
W. Chapman.
Wounded in the action of the 9th.
Wounded in the action of the 9ih.
406
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
LIST — Continued.
Names.
FIFTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY — Continued
Ist Lieutenant R. B. Marcj'.
D. Ruggles.
C. L. Stevenson.
J. A. Whitall.
G. Deas, adjutant.
S. H. Fowler
2d Lieutenant S. Norvell.
J. C. Robinson.
M. Rosencrants.
Brevet 2d Lieutenant J. P. Smith.
E. K. Smith.
T. G. Pitcher.
W. L. Crittenden.
EIGlHTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY.
Brevet Lieutenant Colonel W. G. Belknap.
Captain W. R. Montgomery
H. McKavet,.
J. V.'Bomford.
1st Lieutenant J. V. D. Reeve.
C.R.Gates
G. Lincoln.
A. L. Sheppard.
J. Selden
A. T. Lee."
R.P. Maclay
J. G. Burbank
2d Lieutenant J. Beardsley.
C. F.Morris
J. D. Clark, adjutant.
C. D. Jordon
J. Longstreet.
J. B. Booker.
T. L . Chadbourne
E. B. Holloway.
L. B. Woods.
A. Crozet.
Brevet 2d Lieutenant H. M. Judah.
C. G. Marchant.
G. Wainwright.
J. G. S. Sneiling.
Remarks.
Wounded in the action of the 9th.
T. J. Montgomery.
Wounded in the action of the 9th.
Wounded in the action of the 9th.
Wounded in the action of the 9th.
Wounded in the action of the 9th,
Wounded in the action of the 9th.
Wounded in the action of the 9th.
Wounded in the action of the 9th.
Killed in the action of the 9th.
Hbad-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Matmnoras, August 3, 1846.
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
407
List of the commissioned oncers of the United States army present
at the bombardment and defence of Fort Browuj from the 3d to
the 9th of May, 1846.
Names.
GENERAL STAFF.
/i Captain J. K. T. Mansfield, enorineers.
\| Assistant Surgeon L. C. McPhail.
V H. E. Cruttenden.
G. M. Prevost.
SECOND REGIMENT OF ARTILLERY.
Captain A. Lowd.
1st Lieutenant A. Elzey.
2d "Lieutenant A. B. Lansing.
THIRD REGIMENT OF ARTILLERY.
1st Lieutenant B. Bragfr.
G. H. Thomas.
2d Lieutenant J. F. Reynolds.
FOURTH REGIMENT OF ARTILLERY,
Brevet 2d Lieutenant J. P. Johnstone.
SEVENTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY'
Major J. Brown.
Captain E. S. Hawkins.
F. Lee.
D. S. Miles.
W. Seawell, brevet major.
G. J. Rains, brevet major.
T. H. Holmes.
R. H. Ross.
D. P. Whiiing.
R. C. Gatlin.
G. R. Paul.
1st Lieutenant F. Britton.
N. Hopson.
C. Hanson.
J. C. Henshaw.
H. Little.
C. H. Humber.
-2d Lieutenant F. N. Page, adjutant.
L. Gantt.
W. J. T. Dana.
L- McLdws.
S. B. Hayman.
E. Van Dorn.
F. Gardner.
J. H. Potter.
Brevet 2d Lieutenant E. B. Strong.
J. M. Henry.
H. B. Clitz.
W. H. Wood.
Remarks.
•Wounded on the 6th ; died of wotinds on tii»
9th.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
MatamoraSj August 3, 1846.
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
408 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
[No. 73.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
' CamargOj August 10, 1846.
Sir: I have to report my arrival at this place on the evening of
the 8th instant. As previously reported, a large proportion of the
regular troops Is now concentrated here. The battalions, though
most of them very weak, are in good order and ready for the field.
The means of transportation are rapidly accumulating, and I hope
to commence a movement on Monterey at latest by the 1st of Sep-
tember, with about six thousand troops, of which, say 3,200 regu-
lars. A larger force cannot with present means be transported or
subsisted on the route.
A reconnoissance has been made up tke valley of the San Juan -
as far as China, a distance of 62 miles, where an irregular force
was quartered of 115 men, under a noted leader, Seguin. Captain
McCulloch, who conducted the reconnoissance with about 50 men
of his company, made his dispositions to attack Seguin, but the
latter became apprised of his approach, and promptly took to flight.
This expedition has given valuable information touching one of
the routes to Monterey. I shall despatch another on the Mier
route, before determining which to follow in the march.
Captain Vinton's company is temporarily at Mier, to give secu-
rity to the inhabitants, who have recently suffered from the depre-
dations of the Indians. The people seem well disposed at Mier,
and at Guerrerro, a town higher up.
From Monterey I acquire no positive information, nor do I ex-
pect to obtain it until we advance and occupy the country.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Ji., commanding^
The Adjutant General of the Jirmy,
Washington^ B.C.
^ [No. 74.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
CamargOj August 14, 1846.
Sir: From the copy of your letter to Captain T. Taylor, 1st ar-
tillery, dated July 21st, I perceive that measures have been taken
at general head-quarters to provide a battery for his company.
On the 21st of June, I communicated to your officci, in an endorse-
ment upon a report of Captain Duncan, that I had the means,
through Captain Taylor's company, of manning a fourth battery at
once; and in my "orders" No. 90, of July 20th, directions were
given for that purpose. The company has already received its
battery, and is daily receiving its horses. It has been filled up by
transfers and with recruits, and will take the field before Captain
Taylor can possibly join it. His absence at this time is a matter
of regret; but I have found it essential to push the preparation of
the company, as its services will be greatly needed with its proper
arm.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 40»
I have to acknowledge the communication of the Secretary of
War dated July 27th; your communication of July 21st, with
copies of your letters to certain recently appointed surgeons and
assistant surgeons, and to Major Plympton, 2d infantry, and Cap-
tain Taylor, 1st artillery; memoranda of divisions and brigades of
volunteers,
The commission of Surgeon McPhail has been received, and is re-
turned by this mail. Surgeon McPhail having died at Matamoras
on the 13th of July. The other commissions are not yet received^
but will be duly distributed when they come to hand.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A..^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
[No. 75.] Head-quarters, Army of Occ|j[pation,
CamargOy August 15, 1846.
Sir: I respectfully enclose a copy of the instructions this day
transmitted to General Wool for the conduct of his operations
against Chihuahua. It will be seen, that owing to my distance
from his rendezvous, and the limited knowledge of the country
through w^hich he must pass, I have been able to give only very
general instructions — leaving all points of detail, and many more
important ones, to his own judgment and decision, in which 1 need
hardly say I have full confidence.
After the main column, under my immediate orders, shall reach
Saltillo, the occupation of Chihuahua will be attended with no dif-
ficulty except that of procuring transportation and subsistence, in
regard to which I apprehend General Wool will meet with con-
siderable embarrassment. I have, therefore, advised him to move
w-ith as small a force as consistent with safety, in order the better
to insure a sufficiency of supplies.
I find it next to impossible to gain accurate information respect-
ing the country, except by actual examination. '
One of the routes to Monterey has been examined as far as China,
and another is now under reconnoissance to Seralvo. At one of
these points it will probably be found expedient to establish a tem-
porary depot, to facilitate our forward movement.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A., commanding.
T|ie Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington J D. C.
410 Ex, Doc. No. 60.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camargo, August 14, 1846.
Sir: On the 2d of this month I had the honor to address you a
communication by directi-on of the commanding general, prelim-
inary to further instructions, and touching particularly upon the
recent proceedings of Colonel Harney, in calling out volunteers
and projecting a march towards the Rio Grande. The opportunity,
however, failed, by which we hoped to forward that communica-
tionj and, as it now becomes necessary to employ a special express,
the general avails himself of the occasion to communicate his final
orders, so far as it can be done.
The instructions which the commanding general has rece'ved from
general head-quarters, as well as those to yourself of June 11, bring
your movement under his orders, and perhaps contemplate detailed
instructions from him in reference to it. These it is quite impos-
sible to give, for reasons mentioned in my communication o/ Au-
gust 2. The commanding general therefore can only cffrect that,
after receiving and organizing your force, you march on the city of
Chihuahua with^such portion of it as can be transported and sub-
sisted. From the best information that can be obtained here, it is
not supposed that more than a moderate portion of your command
— say the regular troops of all arms, one regiment of volunteer
horse, and possibly one of volunteer foot — can be sustained between
San Antonio and Chihuahua. The forward movement of the main
body to Saltillo, which will precede your march, .vill render it
entirely safe to penetrate with the above force to Chihuahua by
the Monclova route, particularly as the people of Coahuila are un-
derstood to be well disposed towards us.
In regard to the route, it is presumed that you may obtain at San
A.ntonio satisfactoi-y information. I enclose a memorandum embra-
cing all the information we have at head-quarters on this subject.
It is taken for granted that you will find the Presidio and Monclova
route the most eligible, if not indeed the only practicable one.
On the supposition that Monclova will be a point in your route,
the commanding general desires that particular pains be taken to
conciliate the people on the route, and generally in the State of
Coahuila, of which Monclova is a principal town. The people of
that State are understood to be of the federal party, opposed to
Paredes, and so far favorable to us. It is not doubted that their
neutrality, if not co-operation, may be secured by judicious man-
agement. I respectfully enclose a number of proclamations in the
Spanish language, which the general desires you to distribute after
entering Mexico, in such manner as you may deem most expedient.
It is the wish (-f the government that you should occupy the city
of Chihuahua, and such other points in the State of that name as
may be necessary to a thorough occupation of the country. "The
Pat>o del Norte" will probably be one of these points. Another
will be found in the direction of Parras or Saltillo; but the general
cannot at this distance, and in advance of your operations, pretend
to give definitive instructions on this subject.
' E,x. Doc. No 60. ' 411
In regard to supplies, beyond what you may transport from San
Antonio, your command will be obliged to <lepend upon the coun-
try which it occupies. It is impracticable at this time to throw
supplies up the Rio Grande above this point. It is believed that
sufficient supplies of beef and mutton may be obtained on the entire
route from Presidio; but no pork. Flour may be obtained at Mon-
clbva, or in that vicinity, to the extent perhaps of a thousand bar-
rels. Beyond that amount the general has no assurance of supply.
I In case of a deficiency of flour the troops must depend upon. corn,
jf the breadstuff principally used in this part of Mexico. Hand-mills
are almost indispensable for the preparation of corn, and the gen-
eral advises that you take immediate measures to procure a suffi-
cient number of them.
The proper dispositions for the defence and protection of the
Indian frontier of Texas are necessarily left to your direction, and
the commanding general desires you to make the suitable arrange-
ments for that object. It is not supposed that it will be necessary
to retain any of the companies called out by Colonel Harney.
After designating the corps to march in the direction of|/[^hihuahua,
and*such detachments as may be necessary for the protection of the
border settlernents, the remainder, I am directed to say. had better
fall back on Port Lavacca, where they can be easily subsisted and
held in readiness for any service that may be ordered at Tampico
or other points on the- coast.
The regular troops, except the cavalry and three batteries of
artillery, are- now concentrated at this point. The 12-months
volunteers are daily arriving, and the general hopes to move on
Monterey by the 1st September, with a force say of 6,000 men. It
is quite possible that our advance to t*hat point may be resisted;
but the general anticipates no serious difficulty in reaching and
occupying Saltillo, say by the 1st of October.
Please avail yourself of the return of tlie express to forward any
communications you may have for head-quarters.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Brigadier General J. E. Wool,
^ Commanding, Sfc, San Antonio de Bexar.
[No. 76. J Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
CamargOj August 19, 1846.
Sir: I have respectfully to report that the 1st brigade of regular
troops, under the immediate command of Brigadier general Worth,
has taken up the line of march for Seralvo, a point on the Monte-
rey route, say 70 miles in advance of this position, where I have
taken measures to establish a depot of supplies for the consumptioxt
of the army in route. This brigade will be followed as rapidly as
practicable by the remaining regular corps and such regiments of
volunteers as I may be able ro throw forward.
412 ' Ex. Doc. No. 60.
The regular cavah-y and remaining batteries of artillery will
join me in a /ew days. .In the mean time, the volunteer regiments
are gradually arriving and taking up a position at this place. Two
brigades (Indiana, and Illinois and Missouri) remain in rear, near
the mouth of the river, until further orders. One regiment (3d
Ohio) has been halted at Matamoras for the better protection of
that important point.
Brigadier Generals Pillow, Hamer, Lane, and Quitman have
reported to me, and are now on duty with their proper brigades.
Major General Butler and Brigadier Generals Marshall and Shields
have, I understand, arrived at Brazos Santiago, but have not yet
reported. Of the numerous quartermasters and commissaries, but
'two or three have yet reported. Their services are greatly needed
wijh the army.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
, Major General U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
• Washington J B.C.
[No. 78.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camargo] August 25, 1846.
Sir: I have to report that the intelligence has reached us by
several sources from the interior, and is believed to be authentic,
that the government of Paredes has been overthrown, and that
Gomez y Farias is now at thie head of affairs. It is reported that
Paredes was on his march to this frontier with 8,000 men; that
while at San Luis Potosi he heard of revolutionary movements at
Valadolid and Queretaro; that he returned with his troops, and on
reaching Queretaro, where the revolutionary troops seem to have
assembled, his own not only refused to fight, but themselves
declared against him and for federa ion, and even made him pri-
soner. Many of these details may be inaccurate, but I am inclined
to believe the material fact, that Paredes has been deposed.
This intelligence is brought from Monterey by a confidential
messenger, who says there are at Monterey not more than 2,000 or
2,500 regular troops, the remnant of those who fled from Matamo-
ras, and a considerable number of militia of the country gathered
together, many of them forcibly. Some attempt has been made to
fortify the city by the erection of batteries which command the
approaches. He heard of no reinforcements in rear.
The 2d brigade, 624 strong, marched this morning, and will
occupy a point on the route "Vvithin supporting distance of the 1st
brigade. The remaiaing brigades, whether of regulars or volun-
teers, will be thrown forward in like manner, in echelon, along the
route. I hope to march with the rear column say by the 5th
proximo. The means of transportation come in slowly, and many
inevitable delays are encountered.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 413-
The regular force is now entirely brought forward except the 2d
infantry, of which no portion has been reported. I am extremely
anxious to secure the services of this regiment, and hope that a
portion of it at least may join before I march.
You will perceive from my orders that the volunteer force has
been duly organized. The general officers have all arrived except
Major General Patterson. A majority of the regiment of Texas
foot, under Colonel Johnston, having expressed a disinclination to
serve for another term of three months, I have ordered their dis-
charge, and they have already been mustered out of service.
Colonel Wood's regiment of Texas horse is now encamped in this
neighborhood, and its companies are rendering useful service as
escorts, &c. Col. Hay's regiment is on its march from Matamoras,
having taken San Fernando in its route, w*hich passed through a
part of the country not before examined.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A. ^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington J B.C.
[No. 79.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Cainarg'o, August 26, 1846.
Sir: I respectfully enclose, herewith, a communication (No. 1)
addressed to me by , a citizen of Victoria, and my reply
to it (No. 2.) These translations were made or obtained by
I do not know the full extent or character of the movement pro-
posed in these papers, or whether it would be calculated at this
time either to forward our own views or benefit its projectors. I
have accordingly given but little encouragement to , who
has visited me at this place. On reaching Monterey I can tell bet-
ter how far it may be advisable to encourage such projects. My
instructions from the Department of War do not authorize me to
promise any protection to independent States after the conclusion
of a peace, and it is very doubtful whether a movement will be
made without such pledge. I respectfully submit the case to the
department, to the end that additional instructions, if necessary,
may be given to me.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obeditnt servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Army, commandin'g.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, D. C.
[The enclosures are of a confidential character, ar.d are not
copied.]
414 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
[No. 80. 1 %. Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
CamargOj Atigust 28, 1846.
Sir: No general depot of clothing has yet been established for
this army. The " clothing depot," so called, is simply a place of
deposite for clothing, &c., drawn on regimental estimates, and not
suited for promiscuous issue. We heed very much a depot similar
to those established in Florida, the officer in charge of which shall
make his requisitions direct for clothing and camp equipage, and
issue to all officers who may require such articles. Only the fa-
tigue or undress clothing would be necessary, with a large propor-
tion of boots. I beg that the subject may be submitted to the
proper authorities, and if my suggestion be approved, that the
quartermaster general may be at once instructed to establish a
proper clothing depot, say at Point Isabel.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Army^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army, '
Washington, D. C.
9
[No. 84.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camargo, September 2, 1846.
Sir: I feel it my duty to call your attention to the great scarcity
of medical officers with this army. While nearly two thirds of the
regular array is now^ serving on this frontier, we have not more
than two- sevenths of the medical staff — a manifest disproportion,
to the great injury of the service.
Our general hospitals at St. Joseph's island. Point Isabel, and ^
Matamoras, are scantily supplied with officers, and yet we take the
field with no more than one medical officer to a battalion, and in
eight battalions of regular troops but one full surgeon. This allow-
ance is quite too small for the field, and the public interest demands
that it be at once increased; but it is now too late to do so for this
campaign.
The great deficiency of medical officers brings with it the obvious
necessity of hiring less competent physicians, and often at higher
rates. There are many surgeons and assistant surgeons at garrisons
on the seaboard, and elsewhere, whose places might be filled at
moderate cost, while their valuable services might be secured where
most needed in the field^ during active operations.
Under the circumstanC'e above stated, I i egret that I cannot pos-
sibly spare the services of Assistant Surgeon Wells at this juncture.
Until a considerable increase shall be made in the strength of the
medical staff serving with this army, I should deem myself culpable
to permit any medical officer to leave who is able to perform duty.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
WdshinQion^ D, C,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 415
Remarks of the surgeon general on the Utter of Surgeon P. H.
Craig.) medical director^ army of occiipation, asking for a leave
of absence^ with the endorsement of General Taylor thereon^ to
the following effect:
f: " Owing to the scarcity of medical officers,! find it impossible to
dispense with the services of Surgeon Craig at this time, and there-
fore forward his application, with the urgent recommendation that
additional medical officers be sent to this army to admit of the re-
lief of Surgeon Craig and others, who are more or less broken
down by long and arduous service in the field," Sec.
. j A copy of these remarks was sent to General Taylor on the 18th
September, 1846, by the adjutant general of the army.]
Surgeon General's Office,
July 29, 1846.
Upon the subject of the scarcity of medical officers in the field,
I have no hesitation in expressing the belief that the regular troops
employed against Mexico have comparatively as large a number of
medical officers as any other army in the world.
The laws of the land in former times, as on a late occasion,
awarded two medical officers to a full regiment of about 750 meuy
or one medical officer to 375 men; and this proportion of medical
officers to a consolidated regiment or body of 750 men has been
found, from long experience, sufficient to meet the requirements of
the service.
From the monthly returns in the adjutant general's office for
May last, (the latest report received,) it appears that on the 30th
of that month the strength of the army of occupation in officers and
men was 3,938; and from the returns in the surgeon general's office
it is found that there were at that time 24 medical officers serving
with that army.
Now-, if we divide 3,938 men, the strength of the command, by
24, the number of medical officers present with it, the result will
give one medical officer to every 164 men, instead of 375, or 100
per cent, more of medical officers than is contemplated by the laws
providing for the organization of military corps.
If we give twelve medical officers to the 3,938 men in the field,
which is the full complement recognised by law, we shall have,
after furnishing one for medical director, two for a general hos-
pital, and one to perform the duty of medical purveyor, still eight
officers, or one-third of the whole number, in reserve to meet the
, contingencies of the service, the incidents and accidents growing
out of active operations in the field.
Since the last return from the ariay, one medical officer has gone
into the field with a body of recruits; two are now en route with
detachments of the 2d infantry towards the theatre of action, and
one is about to sail in a day or two with another portion of the 2d
infantry for the seat of war.
In this way — that is, by sending a medical officer with each de-
tachment of troops which goes into the field — the standard number
416 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
of medical officers (originally large) will be kept up with th*e army
•of occupation.
To do more than this would be making a sacrifice of military
propriety and the public interest, to save a little labor to some of
the medical officers, who, if the duties are equitably distributed
among them, I am free to say, from analogy and from experience,
hare not more to do than the government has a right to claim of
them.
I know what a man can perform and ought to do in time of need.
I have myself acted as medical director, medical purveyor, and at-
tending surgeon to a body of troops, at one and the same time;
nay more, I have frequently prescribed for 250 men a day; and
I have a right to expect that those under my control will per-
form something like the same amount of duty.
As to the " exposure and privations incident to a camp life
making serious inroads upon a man's health," or his being " broken
down by long and arduous service in the field," of less than one
year's duration, I can scarcely entertain the idea.
Why, I never would permit myself to be sick when honor and
duty claimed from me active exertion; but whether sick or well, I
was never known to quit the field until called off by authority. It
is very easy for an officer, who is called upon to do a little more
duty than the very little service he has been accustomed to perform
at a small military post, to speak in round numbers of the arduous
duties, the privations and suflferings, he has experienced in the field,
when a statistical examination into the matter will prove that his
grievances are all imaginary — mere trifles, as light as air.
It may be proper to remark, in connexion with this subject, that
there are other armies or bodies of troops operating in the field,
besides the army of occupation, to be provided with medical offi-
cers; and as they are further removed, being more in the interior
of the country, from the facilities of obtaining reinforcements or
relief in the way of medical aid in the event of a fatality, it is
perhaps proper that they should be furnished in the outset with a
comparatively larger medical corps; also, there are some important
and indispensable duties to be performed by medical officers of the
army other than those of prescribing for the sick and administering
to the wounded; and for cases of this kind, provision must be
made.
'Again, we must have some officers in reserve to meet contingen-
cies nearer at home; such as may arise from the hasty assemblage
of recuits for transportation to the theatre of war, the getting up of
new expeditions, &c., &c.; each case requiring the employment of
medical officers of the army, and therefore constituting a good rea-
son for not sending ill the medical officers at once iato the field,
I have been thus particular in my statements, to show that, in
the fulfilment of my obligations generally to the goverment, in-
volving a due regard to the public interests as well as to the lights
and claims of individuals, I have not been unmindful of the legiti-
mate claims and wants of the army of occupation.
I have given all in the way of medical aid which military propriety,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 417
the customs of the service in like cases, and the actual wants of
the army, seemed to require; but if they desire more medical offi-
cers they shall have them, with myself to boot, if acceptable, and
I am borne out in the measure by the government.
Far be it from me to wish to withhold aught that will contribute
to the comfort, the convenience, or to the gratification of either
one of those gallant souls who so valiantly fought and so signally
triumphed on the battle fields of Palo Alto and Resaca de la
Palma.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
TH. LAWSON,
SiLrgeon GeneraL
Brig. General R. Jones,
Adjutant General U. S. A.
]No. 85.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camargo, September 3, 1846.
Sir: My '« orders" Nos. 98, 100, and 108, will have advised you
of the organization which I have given to the regular and volun-
teer forces now taking the field. For reasons already set forth I
have found it impossible to throw forward more than a small por-
tion of the volunteers, and I deem it best to select that portion
from as many States as possible, organizing a temporary division
for the campaign. If the state of supplies in the country will be
found to warrant it, I shall bring forward other portions of the
volunteers.
REGULARS.
One heavy battery (24-lb. howitzers) detached- 1st artillery.
1st Division — Brigadier General Twiggs.
Cavalry. — 2d dragoons. ,
Ridgely's battery.
2)d brigade. — Bragg's battery.
3d infantry.
4th infantry.
Captain Shiver's company of volunteers.
itk brigade. — 1st infantry.
Baltimore battalion.
<^
2d Division — Brigadier General Worth.
l&t brigade. — Duncan's battery.
Artillery battalion.
8th infantry.
2d brigade. — Taylor's battery.
5th infantry.
' 7th infantry.
Blanchard's company of Louisiana volunteers,
27
418 Ex, Doc. No.
VOLUNTEERS.
f 1st brigade, j 1st Kentucky reg^t.
Field Division, j Brig. Gen. Hamer, | 1st Ohio regiment.
Major Genenal Butler. | 2ii brigade, C 1st Tennessee reg't.
1^ Brig. Gen. Quitman. I Mississippi reg't.
Texas Division, ( 1st regiment Texas mounted volunteers.
Major Gen. Henderson. \ 2d do do ' do do.
Of the last division it is quite uncertain how many will go for-
ward; with it we shall have a force of 6,000 men. Ha~d Riley joined
me, the regular force would have amounted to 3,300 men. I feel
the absence of his regirsent, but have replaced it by the Maryland
and Washinc'ton battalion.
The 2d division, except Taylor's battery, is now thrown forward
to Seralvo and Puntiaguda; the 1st division, except the cavalry and
artillery, is e7i route for the latter point. Major General Butler's
division will march, say, by the 6th instant; 1 shall move with the
head-quarters on the 5th, and pass rapidly forward to Seralvo, the
advanced depot of the army.
I respectfully enclose a map of the valley of the San Juan, exhibit-
ing the routes to Monterey and Saltillo. The usual travelled route
from this place to Monterey crosses the river at Paso de las Cula-
bazas, and passes through Manlcca and Caiderita. The difficulty
of crossing the San Juan when swollen, and some other considera-
tions, have induced me to prefer the route by Mier and Seralvo.
At the latter place, an admirable healthy position, a large depot of
supplies has been established, and I propose there to concentrate
the whole or a greater portion of the marching force. The route
from that point to Monterey, whether by Caiderita or Marin, will
be determined hereafter. Spy companies are now sent forward to
make the necessary examinations in front.
We have no very recent intelligence from the interior, nor have I
yet sati^actory means of judging whether our occupation of Monte-
rey and Saltillo will be disputed. A confidential messenger is now
sent forward, and I hope to communicate his intelligence before we
inarch.
Despatches this day received from San Antonia represents that
Brigadier General Wool, on account of delays resulting from CoL
Harney's movement and other causes, would not be able to move
before the last of this month. On the 23d of August it seems that
no portion of the general's command had arrived. The Illinois and
Arkansas troops were daily expected. Colonel Harney had crossed
the river with difficulty at Presidio Rio Grande; and while halted
there received my orders to return to San Antonio, which I learn
from General Wool he had obeyed. General Wool had taken mea-
sures to arrest that officer. He had encountered no opposition at
Presidio, and seems to have been well received by the authorities
and inhabitants.
Major Ge:.eral Patterson, daily expected here, will have com-
mand of all the troops left in my rear, and will be specially charged
Ex. Doc. No 60. 419
with providing for the sick. I have used every effort to extend the
hospital accommodations and the medical force, but the service is
suffering greatly in this latter particular. There has been great
sickness and mortality in some of the volunteer regiments; their
surgeons are not always men of education and experience, and our
army surgeons are too few even for their appropriate duties. Great
numbers of volunteer sick are taken into the several general hospi-
tals, and no exertion is spared to ameliorate their condition.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major Gen. U. S. j3., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the jirmy,
Washington^ D. C.
[No. 86.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupatiokt,
Camargo, September 4, 1846.
Sir: I respectfully enclose herewith a report this day received
from Brigadier General Worth, conveying recent intelligence from
the interior of an important character, and transmitting a proclama-
tion of Ampudia, the new general-in-chief.
I shall lose no time in moving forward with the marching columns,
and bringing the matter to an issue of arms, if the enemy attempt
to hold his position.
I am gratifif d to report that Major General Patterson has arrived
in time to assume the command of all the troops left in rear.
I respectfully enclose a return of the army of occupation for July.
It is necessarily defective in some particulars, but it is impossible,
under existing circumstances, to furnish one more satisfactory. As
reported in my last, I shall march with the head-quarters to-mor-
row.
I am. sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major Gen. U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
Heab-quarters, Second Division,
Cerahwj September 3, 1846,
Sir: I have to acknowledge you letter of the 28th (2d of that date)
by .
My messenger returned last evening from Monterey. Herewith
you will receive Ampudia's bulletin: it is ingenious, and well cal-
culated through the clergy, to operate upon the fears of the ignorant
Mexicans. Santa Ana had reached the capital and t ken the reins
of government, as general-in-chief. It is understood at Monterey
that he proposes to place himself at the head of the army of the
420 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
east. Two thousand troops of the line arrived on Monday with four
pieces of field artillery: ten guns had previously been placed in
position, and efforts are making to remount some old discarded
pieces. Previous to the arrival of the troops from Potosi, deser-
tions were numerous from Arista's men, after hearing of -our ap-
proach: severe measures are taken with those apprehended or sus-
pected. There is no cavalry at Monterey — supposed to be at Cai-
derita. Canales is at Marin, with six hundred, having an advance
between that and Papayallos. Many families are leaving the city,
which would appear to iiidicate a design to stand siege. When the
general arrives I shall be able to lay before him a tolerable accu/ate
map or plan of the city, showing with some details the approaches
and projected points of resistance. Lieutenant Meade has the sub-
ject in hand.
The weather has been for several days very unpropitious, and
wnll, I fear, have impeded the trains; but a few days fair weather
will restore the roads to good condition.
We have secured some five hundred bushels of corn, and might
have had as many thousand with funds.
I have sent a trusty agent, , to Sabinos, in w^hich neigh-
bourhood he lives, and where he does not doubt being able to con-
tract, for delivery here in fifteen days, for some five or six thousand
bushels. To secure the delivery, however, it will be necessary to
advance a cavalry command on that road, as otherwise the enemy
may oppose obstacles. Nothing has arrived from the depot since
my last report. Lieutenant Colonel Garland will, I suppose, reach
Pentiaquo to-day at furthest.
On Monday last one hundred and three mules started for Camargo,
rendered on my requisition upon the authorities of Aqualiqus and
Pentiuguado; to-morrow or next day a like or greater number will
start.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. J. WORTH,
Brevet Brigadier General.
To Major Bliss, Assist. Adjt. General^
Head- quarters J Jirmy of Occupation^ Camargo.
[Translation.]
GENERAL-IN-CHIEF OF THE ARMY OF THE NORTH.
•Considering that the hour has come for taking energetic and
tirnely measures to free the department of the east from Anglo-
American rapacity, and that by the laws of nations and of war
every traitor to his country or spy of the enemy should suffer the
penalty of death — and, finally, considering that it is my indispensa-
ble duty to oppose a barrier to the torrent of evils caused by the
contraband traffic which has been carried on in the most barefaced
manner with the usurpers of our sacred territory, in virtue of the
powers confided upon me by existing la\vs I have determined to
decree;
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 421
*
1st. Every native or foreigner who, of his own accord, shall give
aid directly or indirectly to the enemy, shall be shot.
2d. Those who, after the publication of this decree, shall con-
tinue contraband traffic with the enemy shall suffer the penalty
stated in the preceding article.
3d. The authorities of every branch of the public administration
will take care, strictly and under the most rigid responsibility, that
these provisions be punctually fulfilled.
4th. This decree is intended to produce action among the people,
since all citizens have the right and are under obligation to de-
nounce any infraction of it, and to apprehend the criminals in order
to (ieliver them up to the judicial authority; and, that it may reach
the notice of all, and that none may allege ignorance, I order it to
be published and circulated to all to whom it belongs to see that it
be faithfully executed.
Given at head-quarters, Monterey, 31st of August, 1846.
PEDRO DE AMPUDIA.
[No. 87.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Servalo, September 12, 1846.
Sir: I have the honor to report my arrival at this place on the
9th inst. with the first division, under command of Brigadier Gen-
eral Twiggs. The regular troops are now concentrated here with
one brigade of Major General Butler's volunteer division. The
other brigade will arrive to-morrow morning, when I shall com-
mence the forward movement towards Monterey. It is three
marches hence to Marin, distant 24 miles from Monterey. At that
point, if the enemy show a disposition to oppose our advance, I
propose to bring the columns together. To the Texas mounted
troops, under Governor Henderson, I have given the route by China
and Caiderita, and expect them to join me at Marin.
The enemy is reported in considerable force at Monterey, and
may give us battle there. It is also reported that Santa Anna is on
his way from the interior, and expected in a few days.
The health of the army is much improved since approaching the
mountains, and it is generally in excellent condition for service.
Agreeably to your special instructions of August 13, Brigadier
General Shields has been ordered to report to Brigadier General
Wool, for service with the column against Chihuahua.
* I have to acknowledge copies of your communications to Col.
Harney, of July IS and August 14; to Colonel Clarke, of August
14; the letter of Brigadier General Gibson to your office, dated Au-
gust 6, and of Mr. George E, Blake, of August 17; " general^r-
ders" Nos. 35, 36, and 37, and special orders Nos. 71 and 77,
inclusive.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
422 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
«
.[No. 88.] Head-quartees, Aemy of Occupation,
Camp near Marin, 24 7ml€s JY. E. of Monterey, Sept. 17, 1846.
Sir: I have the honor to report my arrival at this place on the
15th inst. with the 1st division, under Brigadier General Twiggs.
The 2d division, under Brigadier General Worth, arrived yesterday,
and that of volunteers, under Major General Butler, to-day. I am
looking impatiently for the arrival of the Texan cavalry from China.
It should be here to-day; but I shall not delay my march in case
it does not arrive. To morrow I propose to move forwaid to Mon-
terey.
From Papayallos to this place our advance was continually, in
sight of the Mexican pickets, but drove them in without combat,
except at Ramas, where a trifling affair took place betweem McCul-
loch's rangers and the enemy's rear guard. One or two Mexicans
were wounded, with no damage on our side. A cavalry force, per-
haps IjOOO strong, under General Torrejon, has been constantly in
our front, driving otF the citizens and committing many outrages
upon persons and property.
I cannot communicate any authentic intelligence from the in-
terior. Vague reports of Santa Anna's advance, with reinforce-
ments, reach us from time to time. It is even yet doubtful whether
Ampudia will attempt to hold Monterey. A few days will now
deteimine. His regular force is small — say 3,000; eked out per-
haps to 6,000 by volunteers — many of them forced.
I am gratified to state that our own force is in excellent condi-
tion, fully prepared for the most active and arduous service.
I respectlully enclose a proclamation of Ampudia and a circular
to his commanders, which have been dropped in numbers on the
road. It will be seen that the enemy has not forgotten his former
arts.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
, Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. M., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Jirmy, '
Washington, D. C.
[Translation.]
GENERAL-IN-CHIEF OF THE ARMY OF THE NORTH.
Circular.
The annexed publication, in English, has for object to make
known to individuals of the troops of the United States, who, as I
am informed, wish to abandon their colors, the good disposition
with which they will be received and admitted under the auspices
of the Mexican flag, whose only desire is to resist the unjust ag-
gression of the neighboring republic, and to receive with open
arms those who may approach it as friends: wherefore I give you
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 423
notice, that all indivklaals from th"e ranks of the enemy, who may
present themselves with this intention clearly manifested, shall be
succored and conducted to the interior of the republi:; by proper
routes; but those who may present themselves in hostile attitude,
or who, under pacific appearances, shall conceal sinister designs
against the sacred rights of the nation, you will cause to be at-
tacked and harrassed in every way; and in case the conduct of
those who may present themselves shall appear to be doubtful, or
it should not be possible to ascertain whether their intent be good
or evil, you will send them under guard to these head-quarters;
and should this not be practicable, under the diverse circumstances
of war, you will cause them to be marched, in the same manner, to
some point in the interior out of reach of the enemy. All which I
communicate for your punctual and exact compliance, holding you
responsible for the slightest omission in relation to all the points
contained in the present order, the high importance of which is
well known.
God and liberty2 September 5, 1846.
PEDR(3 DE AMPUDIA.
ARMY OF THE NORTH.
General-in-chief, HEx\D-QUARTERS,
Monterey, September 15 j 1846.
It is well known that the war carried on to the republic of Mex-
ico by the government of the United States of America is unjust,
illegal, and anti- Christian, for which reason no one ought to con-
tribute to it.
The federal government having been happily re-established, a
large number of battalions of the national guard in the States of
Coahuila, St. Louis Potosi, Guanajuato, Zacatecas, Queretaro, and
others, are ready to be on the field and fight for our independence.
Acting according to the dictates of honor, and in compliance
with what my country expects from me, in the name of my govern-
ment I oflfer to all individuals, that will lay down their arms and
separate themselves from the American army, seeking protection,
they will be well received and treated in all the plantations, farms,
or towns where they will first arrive, and assisted for their march
to the interior of the republic by all the authorities on the road, as
has been done with all those that have passed over to us.
To all those that wish to serve in the Mexican army their offices
will be conseived and guarantied.
PEDRO DE AMPUDIA.
424 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
[No. 92. J Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near MonUrey^ September 28, 1846.
Sir: I have to report that the last brigade of Mexican troops
marched for Saltillo this morning. The town is now fully in our
possession, and i^ occupied for the present by the 2d division. The
public stores turned over to us under the capitulation have con-
sisted mainly of ordnance and ordnance stores. The guns captured
and surrendered to us amount to about thirty-five serviceable pieces
of various calibres, and the amount of ammunition and other stores
is very great. Proper measures are taken to secure these stores,
and they will be rendered available for our own purposes as far as
possible.
Suitable buildings have been taken in town for the care of our
wounded, who are now mostly removed thither and rendered com-
fortable. The troops, except those necessarily quartered in the
city, will be disposed in good camps in the neighborhood.
The Texas troops have expressed a desire to return home, and I
shall soon give the necessary orders for their discharge and pay-
ment. They will be replaced in time for operations by the Ken-,
lucky and Tennessee regiments of horse, now under orders to
report to me.
I am advised that a portion at least of the 2d infantry has ar-
rived on the Rio Grande. This reinforcement will be most season-
able, after our recent losses; and I hope it will soon be followed
by a good number of recruits, for our companies are greatly re-
duced.
Brigadier General Wool reports, under the date of September 15,
that his advance, 1,200 strong, would march about the 22d^ instant,
to be followed by the same number as soon as supplies and trans-
portation could be provided. I shall probably find it expedient to
instruct General Wool to occupy Monclova \\\\\\ a portion of his
force, w^hile the remainder may penetrate to Chihuahua, by way of
Santa Rosa. The command left by Colonel Harney at the Presi-
dio crossing having been fired upon by the Mexicans, with the loss
of one killed and two wounded, set fire to the public stores they
were left to protect, and retreated to San Antonio; thus conclud-
ing, not very creditably, the unauthorized expedition of which it
formed a part.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. ./3, coinmanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington, D. C.
Head quarters, San Antonio, Texas,
September 15, 1846.
Sir: Since my communication of the 23d ultimo I had the honor
to receive yours (through your assistant adjutant general) of the
25th, by the return express, Mr. Adams.
Ex. Doc. No. 60 425
Colonel Harney, as I intimated in my letter of the 24th, returned
on the 28th with part of his command. He left, however, three
companies of the Texan volunteers on the Rio Grande; for what
purpose I have not been informed. On the receipt of ray order
they were ordered to return to this place. The order was not
obeyed until five days after the receipt of the order, when, as Cap-
tain Cady and Lieutenant Rogers report, they were fired upon by a
small party of Mexicans on the opposite side of the river; and not
being able, on account of the distance, to return it with effect, they
retreated after burning all the public stores, except provisions just
sufficient to sustain them on the march to this place, where they
arrived on the 5th instant. Thus ended an expedition no less un-
fortunate than its termination was disgraceful to our arms.
Colonel Harney having returned to this place, I relieved him
from arrest, and ordered him to duty, although I was very far from
being satisfied with his explanation, leaving any further action in
relation to his conduct to yourself.
The eight companies of the Texan volunteers called into service
by Colonel Harney have been discharged, which I had determined
to do previous to your communication of the 25th ultimo; the re-
maining two companies at Austin and St. Mark's will be discharged
in the course of two or three days.
The Kentucky and Tennessee regiments of volunteer cavalry have
been ordered to La Vaca, or in the neighborhood, to recruit, w^here
they can get supplies; after which they wnll be ordered to continue
their march to Caraargo, and report to you or the commanding of-
ficer at that place.
So much of your communication as relates to the depredations of
theCamanches,Lepans, and Tonkaways, I had previously anticipated.
Small parties of the Lepans, Tonkaways, and Mescaleros, encamped
near this place some three weeks since, were just from the Rio
Grande; and I discovered they had Mexican prisoners among them,
and ordered them to be delivered up, which was complied with to
tMe number of four — one woman, two girls, and a boy; at the same
time I informed them that if they committed any more depredations
^n this side of the Rio Grande, I would pursue and chastise them.
They have promised to obey my orders, and not to cross the Rio
Grande to plunder the Mexicans, and to communicate my orders to
■ the Camanches.
Owing to the want of supplies, now arriving, the most of which
will be here in the course of a few days, I have been delayed in
my movements towards the Rio Grande. I shall, however, send
forward my advance, the regulars, six hundred strong, and a part
of the volunteers, amounting to some 1,200 men, on Monday,
Tuesday, or Wednesday next. The residue of the force, not ex-
ceeding 1,200 men, wnll follow as soon as they can be prepared
with supplies and a wagon train. I assure you it has been exceed-
ingly difficult, and attended with immense trouble, and you may
add great expense, to get the supplies and to forward them to this
place.
From all the information I have been able to obtain, my route
426 Ex. Doc. No. 60. •
■will be to the Presidio, Santa Rosa, where I expect to be able to
ascertain my route to Chihuahua. Whether or not Monclova
should be in my direct route, it may not be improper to visit that
place, it being but 75 miles from Santa Rosa.
Mr. Lewis, a young gentleman from Camargo, and who brought
me a letter from Governor Henderson, will be the bearer of this
letter. I recommend him to your favorable consideration.
I have the honor to be, with considerations of the highest res-
pect, your obedient servant,
JOHN E. WOOL,
Brigadier General U. S. Army.
To Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding the Army of Occupation.
Head-quarters, San Antonio, Texas.
September 15, 1846.
Sir: In addition to what I have communicated in my letter of
this date, I would inform you that Captain Cady reports that, on
the 28th of August, a party of seven men, commanded by Lieuten-
ant Rogers, had been to Presidio to collect supplies. Lieutenant
Rogers had purchased 350 bushels of corn, and 400 pounds of
flour, and sent it to the river. As they were about to transport it
across to the volunteer camp, a party of Mexicans fired on them,
and killed one man, wounded two, two were missing, and two re-
turned. The corn and flour were taken by the Mexicans. After
this they commenced the fire, which caused the volunteers to burn
their stores and retreat, as mentioned in my first letter.
Herewith, I send you a return of my command, exclusive of the
two companies of the Texan volunteers stationed at the head of St.
Mark's creek and Austin.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant.
JOHN E. WOOL,
Brigadier General U. S. Army.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding the Army of Occupation, Mexico.
Head-quarters, San Antonio, Texas,
September 15, 1846.
General: Your communication of the 8th ultimo was received
this morning.
In answer to so much of it as relates to returns of regiments, I
would remark that it has been anticipated, and that the attention of
colonels and adjutantsof regiments have again and again been called
to the subject, whilst my aid-de-camp devoted days in endeavoring
to show them how to make out their returns; and yet I doubt
"whether we shall be able to give you a correct return at the end of
Ex. Doc. No. GO. 427
the present month, without the aid of the muster-rolls recently
made out by Colonel Churchill.
I should extremely regret if a momentary misapprr hension of
the instructions of the ' 1st of July should have caused you the
slightest une'asiness. It was only for a moment that I imagined
that Major General Butler might have received "special instruc-
tions," not communicated to me, in regard to the movement of the
troops not en route for Mexico; hence I hesitated, for a single mo-
ment, whether or not I should countermand my orders to the Ken-
tucky and Tennessee cavalry and the Mississippi infantry, until the
arrival of General Butler. I concluded, howt-ver, such could not
have been the intention, and my orders remained unchanged. I
am happy, however, to find that my conduct has met the approba-
tion of the general-in-chief. I assure you I have had but a sin-
gle object in view, and that was to execute the duties assigned me
faithfully, and with all the zeal, promptness, and ability I was
master of. This, I feel assured, will be conceded to me by all that
witnessed my exertions. In saying thus much of myself, I would
do great injustice to others if 1 should omit to say that every staff
officer, with a single exception, placed under my authority, exerted
himself, I have no doubt, to the utmost of his ability to execute
the orders and instructions of the authorities at Washington. They
were always ready, day or night, to execute any duties required.
I have recently seen a letter of Colonel Yell, published in the
Union, with comments. It may not be improper to state the rea-
sons for ordering the arms of his regiment to San Antonio, via La
Vaca. In descending the Mississippi, on my way to New Orleans
and this place, I stopped at Baton Kouge to inquire about the arms
intended for the Tennessee regiment. They had been shipped the
day before (the 23d of July) for Memphis; at the same tirhe, I in-
quired if the arms for Colonel Yell's regiment had been forwarded,
and found they had not. I asked the cause of the delay, when
Captain Whitely informed me that he had to wait for the carbines
sent from New York, which had arrived, and was then only wait-
ing for Colonel Hunt to send him a boat to take them up the Red
river.
I left orders with him to forward them, without the least delay.
The same day I arrived at New Orleans, where I found that the
camp equipage for Colonel Yell's regiment had been returned to
New Orleans, because the water was too low to transport them to
Fulton. I immediately countermanded the order to Captain
Whitely to send the arras up the Red liver, and to forward them
with all possible despatch to New Orleans, and from thence, with
the camp equipage, via La Vaca, to San Antonio de Bexar.
Herewith I enclose two letters of this date to Major General
Taylor. The general has not deemed it necessary to gi^e me any
definite instructions in regard to my expedition to Chihuahua. He
says, in his communication of the 2d ultimo, that the distance is
too greet, and his knowledge of the route and country so limited,
that he leaves all the details of the expedition, as well as the fron-
tier of Texas, to my discretion, in which he says "he has the fullest
428 Ex. Doc. No. 60. 5
confidence." He, however, remarks that I can only sustain in that
section of Mexico a limited force, unless supplied from the United
States; not exceeding one regiment of mounted men, one regiment
of foot, and the regulars — amounting to about 600. The two regi-
ments of Illinois infantry, the Arkansas cavalry, with tiie regulars,
will not give an effective force to exceed the force he has sug-
gested, as capable of being supplied between the Presidio and Chi-
hUahua. I have no doubt I shall find it very difficult to supply any
number of troops exceeding 2,W)0 or 2,500. To guard against ac-
cidents, I shall establish a depot of provisions and other supplies
at the Crossing of the Rio Grande, at or near Presidio. The only
difficulty in the way of this is the means of transportation, which
I think can be overcome.
The Rio Grande is reported to be high, and that it is not prob-
able we shall be able to cross it without boats. To meet this con-
tingency, I have ordered four boats to be prepared by Captain
Frazer, of the engineer corps. They will be ready for transporta-
tion in the course of the present week. Every thing is doing that
can be done to hasten the march of the troops. To show how
much we have done, and how difficult it has been to forward the
expedition in accordance with my pwn wishes and desires, I here-
with enclose a copy of a letter, dated the 9th instant, from Major
Thomas, quartermaster at La Vaca. The wagons have been hith-
erto 15 to 20 days from La Vaca to this place. As the roads have
greatly improved within the last two weeks, I am in hopes the last
train will arrive in the course of from ten to twelve days.
In conclusion, I have only to add that I am greatly in want of
experienced medical officers. But one of the new appointments.
Surgeon Price, who is enabled to attend to duty, has reported.
We have three citizens surgeons for the three regiments of volun-
teers. The one attached to Colonel Yell's regiment will not re-
main, because he was not appointed an assistant surgeon, which he
had expected. Surgeon Foote is somewhere on the road between
this and La Vaca. Surgeon Wharton is dangerously ill at La Vaca.
Captain Prentiss has arrived, and reported for duty as assistant
adjutant general. He was in the office a day, when he was taken
sick. I am apprehensive he will not be able to perform the duties
I require. My aid-de-camp is discharging the duties of his office.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JOHN E. WOOL,
Brigadier General U. S. Army.
To Brigadier General R. Jones,
Jidjutaiit General.
Port La Vaca, Texas,
September 9, 1846.
'General: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your
letter dated 5th instant. I am as anxious as possible to do every
thing to enable you to put your advance in motion, and have been
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 429
exerting myself to the utmost to do so; but I assure you that it is a
great labor: the wagons from New Orleans are parts of different
lots, and now after a week's work we have numerous parts of
wagons which fit nothing. A vessel has just arrived below, bring-
ing some more wagons, and parts of others left behind on former
shipments. I trust that these will enable me to complete the
wagons. I have a large train preparing; shall commence loading
in the morning, and send them off as quick as possible, with every
thing you require, as far as it is here.
I had intended leaving here to-day for your head-quarters, but
find it impossible to do so in justice to you and myself. It is my
intentioi) to personally attend to the wants of your army, and not
leave things %o be done by others, satisfying myself by uttering-
complaints; and then I wish to join you, and take my proper po-
sition, as in fact I have, since my arrival at this place, been as hard
at work as the youngest assistant quartermaster with your division.
I have cheerfully done this to remedy the errors of others higher
in authority; for the baggage and supply train should have been at
La Vaca long before the arrival of the troops. A magazine of pro-
visions and supplies of all kinds should have been at San Antonio
before your arrival, so as to enable you to take the field as soon as
the troops were ready. I have done all in my power to remedy the
delays of others, but cannot altogether overcome them.
The train which is now loading will have the best supply 0/
quartermaster's stores of any which has left, and will also be the
largest train. I hope that, together with the private wagons now
loading, and to be loaded in a day or two, it will amount to at least
fifty wagons. I cannot send a list of the articles, but it will have
all the articles you mention, and many others. The loading of
previous trains was attended to by Captain Irwin, and I supposed
he had duly notified Lieutenant Newton, to whom they were con-
signed; but I learn he had not done so particularly. Of the train
now loading, a list shall be forwarded as soon as it leaves.
The brig Oriole arrived to-day from New Orleans with 50 mules,
24 wagons, and a lot of harness. The captain reports that he has
also the missing parts of the wagons heretofore sent by Colonel
Hunt; and I hope that he has, as I have many parts of wagons en-
'tirely useless. Captains Davis and Ralston have been of oreat as-
sistance in getting together what we have here: without their ser-
vices much more delay would have taken place.
Colonel Hunt has not sent the articles required by Captain Frazer*
previous to the receipt of a duplicate of his requisition I had written
to him on the subject, urging him to send them on.
Many of the articles I required are yet behind, and the delay is
unpardonable. I wrote him on this subject also.
I remain, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
CHAS. THOMAS,
Major and Quartermaster.
Brig. Gen. John E. Wool,
Commanding division U. S. A.^ San Antonio j Texas.
430 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
[No. 93.] HEAD-QaARTERS, ArmY OF OCCUPATION,
Camp near Monterey.^ October 6, 1846.
Sir: I have respectfully to report that the entire force of mounted
Texas volunteers has been naustered out of servicej and is now re-
turning home by companies. With their departure we may look
for a restoration of quiet and order in Monterey, for I regret to re-
port that some shameful atrocities have been perpetrated by them
since the capitulation of the town. One company of Texas foot
volunteers, which has rendered excellent service in the campaign,
is now on the march to Camargo, there to be mustered out of ser-
vice. It is deemed necessary to station a small force at Laredo,
on the east bank of the Rio Grande, for the purpose of protecting
that frontier from Indian depredations, and enabling the govern-
ment of Texas to extend its jurisdiction with more facility to the
river. I have accordingly, with the advice of Governor Hender-
son, authorised GeneralLamar, ex-president of Texas, to raise a'
mounted company of 80 men for this service, to be mustered for
twelve months. As a very small force is now in service from the
State of Texas, I trust this step will be approved by the depart-
ment.
The 2d infantry, with some of the artillery companies left in
rear, and an additional volunteer force, has been orcjered forward,
together with a heavy battery train. Colonel Belknap, acting in-
spector general, has proceeded to tlie posts and depots in rear, for
the purpose of breaking up the establishment at St. Joseph's island,
and bringing up all men who have been left behind and may be
able to rejoin their companies. In case of a resumption of hos-
tilitits, it is ray wish to be as strong as possible in regular troops.
We have no credible intelligence from the interior. Some rumors
of a counter movement in tavor of Paredes want confirmation.
General Ampudia at the last advices was at Saltillo, probably with
the whole or a greater part of his army.
I have been unable as yet to prepare my detailed official report
of the operations before Monterey, the last report from subordinate
commanders being this moment received. Our loss in killed,
wounded, and missing will vary very little from 500; 400 of which
was sustained in the attack on the lower part of the city on the 21st.
I regret to report that Lieutenant Dilworth, 1st infantry, died of
his wounds on the 27th ultimo.
Our last date from Was ington is August 28.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S, A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Jirmy^
Waikinston, D. C
* Ex. Doc. No. 60. 431
[No. 95.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation, •
Camp near Monterey ^ October 11, 1846.
Sir: I respectfully enclose a statement relating to a recent
atrocity committed in the stfreets of Monterey. The man, Fitzsim-
mons, is now in confinement. It will be perceived at once that
there is no American tribunal here competent to meet the case, and
I respectfully ask for instructions as to the proper disposition to
be made of the culprit. In reply to a communication from the
Mexican general, desiring that the man might be brought to merited
punishment, I was obliged to answer that the case must be sub-
mitted to my government before any action could be taken here,
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
• Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General ef the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
Having been called on by General Worth to state what I saw
relative to the murder of a Mexican lancer, on the 5th instant, I do
hereby certify to the following:
I was standing in front of Captain McCowan's quarters, in com-
pany with several others, when my attention was attracted by a
remark (I think) coming from an individual who had just issued
from a small house on the opposite side of the street. As well as
I recollect, he observed to an individual who was on the opposite
side of the street from himself, that here comes a Mexican lancer,
with his lance and gun. The individual observed, in reply, stop
him and take them away; when the young man advanced as though
he intended to do so, but passed immediately in front of the lancer,
withoi^t interfering with him. When the lancer had passed about
ten or fifteen paces, as I think, he would range with a window in
the small house across the street. I heard the report of a gun, and,
on turning my eyes to the window in the small house across the
street,' I saw what could not be anything else but the smoke issuing
from a gun that had been discharged through the w^indow; after
.•which report, the lancer advanced some five or ten paces, and fell
dead from his horse. Colonel Hays arrived soon after the gun had
been discharged, and went immediately into the small house across
the street from which the gun had been discharged, and there found
a man quietly seated, without any individual with him. (He called
himself Fitzsimmons.) Colonel Hays asked him if the gun was
fired from that house; when Fitzsimraons appeared to be much ex-
cited, and answered that it was not. Colonel Hays then picked up
a gun and opened the pan, when smoke came out, and the gun had
every appearance of having just been fired. Colonel Hays remarked
to him that he, Fitzsimmoas, had killed that rgan, or knew who had
done it. Fitzsimmons denied the charge, and said he knew nothing
of it.
W. B. P. GAINES,
Lieutenantj Brazoria company.
432 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
I. do certify that the latter part of this statement, from where my
name is mentioned in it, came under my own observation, and is
correct.
JOHN C. HAYS,
Colonel^ commanding Ist reg^t Texas volunteers.
Monterey, October 6, 1846.
[No. 97.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ October 13, 1846.
Sir: I deeply regret to report that First Lieutenant R. H.
Graham^ 4th infantry, died last night (12th instant) %i wounds re-
ceived in the engagement of the 21st of September.
I have to acknowledge your communications of August 31st,
September 12th and 15th, (two) regimental orders, No. 65, (head-
quarters 2d artillery,) with your endorsement, and " special orders"
Nos. 82, 87, 88, and 89; also, 200 blank certificates of discharge
for volunteers.
One of our mails was intercepted by the Mexicans before the
capitulation, containing most probably the Washington dates be-
tween August 25th and 31st, which are wanting to complete our files.
The dates between September 1st and 12th are also due, but are
believed to have been delayed by stormy weather in the gulf.
Will you please supply duplicates of the intercepted communica-
tions and orders?
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General. -
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
[No. 99.] Head-quarters, Army of^ Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, Vctober 20, 1846.
Sir: In reply to your communication of September 19th, I have
to state that it is not probable that the mail lost between Galveston
and New Orleans in September contained despatches from the army,
as the steamer is believed to have sailed only from Galveston, and
not from Brazos Santiago.
I have to acknowledge your communication of September 21st,
and "general orders" No. 41, duplica.tes of which were received
by Lieutenant Armislead; copies of your communications to Briga-
dier General Shields of September I8th, to the general officers of
volunteers of September 19th, and to Lieutenant William O'Brien,
Maryland and Distwct of Columbia battalion, of September 22d,
and '' special orders" No. 83 to 86 inclusive. " General orders"
Nos. 39 and 40, and " special orders," No. 81, are now wanting to
complete the files, and were probably contained in the intercepted
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 435
Baai]. We have no dates from your office or the War Department
between August 25th and Aus;ust 31st.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. ^., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
'fNo. 101.] Head-quartebs, Army of Occupation,
Camp near M'nterey, October 27, 1846.
Sir: By a report received from Brigadier General Wool, dated
the 19th instant, it appears that, with his advance, he was at that
date at San Jose, about 75 miles this side of the Rio Grande. He
reports 50 days' rations on hand, and expects to obtain further sup-
plies from the country. He is advancing on Monclova, at which
•point he proposes to establish a depot of supplies. His report is
necessarily brief, as it was sent by a Mexican, and might have fallen
into the enemy's hands, and it leaves me in doubt as to his precise
route towards Chihuahua. I hope to hear more definitely from
Monclova.
We have no recent intelligence from the interior. Our latest
official dates from Washington are still those brought by Lieuten-
ant Armistead.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ B.C.
[No. 102.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ October 28, 1846.
Sir: It is with no ordinary regret that I find myself under the
painful necessity of reporting the decease of Brevet Captain R.
Ridgely, Assistant Adjutant General. While riding in the city of
Monterey, on the 25th instant, his horse accidentally slipped and
threw him with such force upon the ground as to produce concus-
sion of the brain, of which he expired last night, (27th.)
His activity and gallantry before the enemy render his death a
serious loss to the service, while the melancholy circumstances
under which it occurred will make it peculiarly afflicting to his
family and friends.
28
434 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
His remains will be interred, this evening, with the honors of
■war.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Ji.j commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
[No. 103.] Head-quai^tebs, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, JVovember 2, 1846.
Sir: ii becomes my melancholy duty to report the decease of
Major W. W. Learj 3d infantry. The wound received by the la-
mented major in the action of the 21st September, though very se-
vere, was doing well, and hopes were entertained of his recovery^
but his feeble system could not recover from the consequent ex-
haustion, and he sunk gradually until the 31st October, when death
put a period to his sufferings. I enclose a copy of the order an-
nouncing to the army the decease of this gallant and meritorious
officer.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, B.C.
[No. 104.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, JVovember 3, 1846.
^ Sir: I respectfully enclose, herewith, a copy of the report of the^
board of medical officers convened to examine certain men of the
2d infantry and mounted riflemen. Certificates of disability in all
the cases marked in the margin have been forwarded to my head-
quarters, and under the circumstances of the case, I have ordered
discharges accordingly. The certificates will be duly forwarded to
your office by Colonel Riley. Many of the cases are of recent en-
listment, and appear to be such as should have been detected be-
fore the men were enlisted.
I enclose a return of the regular troops of the army of occupa-
tion for the month of August. It has been impracticable to furnish
this return earlier; and as for a complete return, embracing the
volunteers as well as regular troops, it is entirely impossible as yet
to prepare one, owing to the extreme difficulty of procuring re-
turns from the volunteer regiments.
I have to acknowledge your communications of September I8lh,
28th, and 30th, and October 5th; the letter of Lieutenant Hart-
stene, United States navy, of September 24th, referred to me;
copies of your communications to Colonel Gates, September 26thj
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 435
Lieutenant Colonel Belton, Septeniber 17th; Captain Hunter, Sep-
tember 26th; duplicate of that to Captain Mason of August 24th_;
and a copy of the letter of Brevet Major Hawkins to your office,
dated September 17th; also " general orders," No. 42, and " spe-
cial orders," Nos. 90 to 94, inclusive. The above communica-
tions, with the revised official register, were received by mail on the
29th of October.
I have also to acknowledge the receipt, on the 2d instant, of a
box containing several thousand blank muster rolls, and returns,
for the use of the volunteers.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR, »
Major General TJ. S. ./3., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington, D. C.
[No. 106.] Head-quakters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, JYovember 8, 1846.
Sir: Your communication of October 8th, relative to the posi-
tions of Captains Sherman and Bragg, 3d artillery, was received
yesterday. You will perceive from my " special orders," No. 172,
.dated the 6th instant, that Captain Sherman had been already or-
dered to join his proper company, and that Captain Bragg had been
assigned to the command of company C.
In regard to this latter assignment I beg leave to say, that on
the I8th of June, when Captain Bragg legally succeeded to his
^rade. Captain M. S. Miller, in whose place he was promoted, was
captain of company C, to which company Captain Bragg was
therefore naturally carried. It is not seen how this assignment
could be affected by the transfer announced in " special orders,"
No. 69, of August 6th; for, at the date of said transfer, Captain
Miller, it seems to me, was no longer, in point of law, an officer of
the 3d artillery.
However the question of succession may be viewed, it is vitally
important, for the good of the service, that a permanent and effi-
cient captain, experienced in the field service of artillery, should
be attached to company C, which is greatly in want of administra-
tive care and management. I deem Captain Bragg eminently quali-
field in all respects for this command; and the battery which he
leaves has by his care been brought into such good condition, and
is withal so well officered, that it may suffer a change of comman-
ders without material injury. I shall therefore retain the presen
assignment until otherwise ordered.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major Gen. U. S. Army, commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington^ D. C.
436 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, ^ Js^ovemher 10, 1846.
Sir: I have to acknowledge the communication of the Secretary
of War dated October 1, enclosing copies of a correspondence with
the Quartermaster Generalj copy of the letter of appointment of
Captain Kebb, quartermaster's department; your communication of
October 14th, and duplicate of that of October 13th; copies of your
communications to Surgeon Hunt of Octob=:?r 14th, and to Captains
Barnum and Gates of October 10th; also, general orders No. 43,
and special orders Nos. 96, 97, and 98 — 95 yet wanting.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Jirmy^
Washington^ D. C.
[No. 111.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
SaltillOy Coahuila^ Movember 16, 1846.
Sir: I avail myself of the first moment to report, for the infor-
mation of the general-in-chief and Department of War, that I have
this day occupied and taken peaceable possession of this place — the
capital of the State of Coahuila. Being desirous that this intelli-
gence should reach Washington as soon as possible, I defer all par-
ticulars for a future report.
I am, sir, very respectfuly, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Ji.j commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington^ D. C.
[No. 112.1 Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, JVovember 23, 1846.
Sir : I respectfully enclose herewith the following papers, form-
ing the correspondence between the Mexican general-in-chief and
myself in relation to the conclusion of the armistice and other
points, viz: ^ ^ , -.t ^ ■ ,
No. 1. My communication of 5th November, announcing the ter-
mination of the armistice, &c.
No. 2. Reply of General Santa Anna to No. 1.
No. 3. Reply to No. 2, and particularly to the imputation of
want of faith on the part of the United States.
All of which are respectfully submitted for the information of
the general-in-chief and Department of War.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
' ' -^ Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington^ D. C.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 437
No. 1.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey y JVov ember 5, 1846.
Sir: The convention concluderl at this place on the 24lh of Sep-
tember prescribed that the Amerii. an forces should not pass a cer-
tain line for the term of eight weeks, or until the orders or instruc-
tions of the respective governments could be received. I have now
the honor to notify you that I have received instructions from my
government to conclude- the cessation of hostilities, and I shall
accordingly consider myself at liberty to cross the specified line
after the 13th instant, the date at which I suppose this communica-
tion will be received at San Luis.
I am informed that several Americans, captured at China and
elsewhere, are now prisoners in San Luis. I hope you will find it
compatible with justice and propriety to release these men and
allow them to return within our lines. At the capitulation of this
place, impressed with the hope and belief that the way might be
opened to an honorable peace between the two republics, I was in-
duced to accede to liberal terms, and I restored immediately the
prisoners of war in my hands, including three commissioned officers.
I did not know at that time that any American prisoners had been
sent to the interior. I trust you will find in this proceeding good
reason for complying with the request which humanity dictates in
behalf of the prisoners understood to be now a1 San Luis.
Should Major Graham, the bearer of this communication, proceed
as far as your head-quarters, I beg leave to recommend him to your
kind attention, and I should be pleased to receive by him any com-
munication which you may desire to make.
I have the honor to be, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant,
• Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A.^ commanding ~
Snr. General D. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna,
Commanding in chief, St. Luis de Potosi.
No. 2.
Senor General: A las diez de la manana de hoy, y con oficio
del E. S. gobernador del estado de Coahuila del 8 de este mes, he
recibido el de V. S. del 5, en que me participa que, par orden de
su gobierno, esta dispuesto a romper el convenio celebrado en Mon-
terey el 24 de Setierabre ultimo, y en consecuencia a traspasar el
dia 13 de este propio mes la linea senalada en aquel, en cuya fecha
consideraba V. S. que habria yo recibido su nota relativa.
Creido yo de que el termino estipulado en dicho convenio debra
ambas partes, no habia dictado providencia alguna que tendiese a
faltar a el; mas atendida la obligacion en que V. S. se considera a
yirtud de la orden de su gobierno, me limitada a responderle, que
438 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
puede cuanJo guste comenzar sus hostilidades, a que corresponder6
debidamente.
Respecto de prisioneros Americanos, dice a V. S. que solo existen
en este cuartel general los siete, de que le acorapano lista nominal^
y confiado en lo que V. S. me manifesta de haber puesto en liber-
tad a varies Mexicanos, he determinado para corresponder a su
generosidad hacerlo proprio con los siet? referidos, y que la cpm-
isaria de este egercito los socorra con seienia pesos para sus ali-
mentos en el camino.
Dice V. S., que cuando se verified en Monterey el convenio citado,
tenia la esperanza de que los terminos en que se concibio abririan
un camino para que entre ambas republicas se celebrate una paz
honorosa. Prescindiendo de si ese convenio fue efecto de la ne-
cesidad, 6 dela noble mira que V. S. indica, me reducire a decirle,
que por el espiritu y decision que advierto en todos los Mejicanos,
debe V. S. desechar toda idea de paz entretanto un solo Norte
Americano pise arraado el territorio de esta. republica, y subsistan
al frente de sus puertos, las escuadras que los hostilizan. Sin em-
bargo, el Congreso estraordinario debe reunirse en la capital, a fines
del presente mes; y este augusto cuerpo resolvera lo que juzgue
mas conveniente al honor y a los intereres de la nacion.
El Mayor Graham no ha llegado hasta este cuartel general, y si
lo hubiera hecho, le habria attendido como lo ecsigen su caracter y
empleo, obsequiando a la vez la recomendacion que V. S. se sirve
hacerme. Mando esta coramunicacion por estraordinario al Saltiilo,
para que de la misma raanera se remita a V.- S.
Tengo el honor, con este motivo, de ofrecer a V. S. las seguri-
dades de mi distinguida consideracion.
Dios y libertad! Cuartel general de San Luis ,Potosi, a 10 de
Noviembre de 1846.
ANTO. LOPEZ DE SANTM. ANNA.
Senor Mayor General D. Z. Taylor,
General'in- gefe del ejercito de loa Estados Unidos
del norte, Monterey de JV*. Leon.
Lista de los prisioneros que condujo a la ciudad de San Luis Potosi
el sargento Mars. Hernandez y echan puesto en libertad de orden
del E. S. General- en- gefe D. Anto. Lopez de ^'anta Anna.
Charles W. Tufts, Plenry P. Lyon,
Thomas Gellespey, Elisha Puett,
Edward J. Feeney, James J. Read.
John Harrisman,
Saltiilo, Setiembre 23 de 1846.
VASQUEZ.
Son copias. — S. Luis Potosi, Oct. 23 de 1846.
JOSE BERNARDO HUERTAS, Secretario.
.Es oopia. — Cuartel general de S. Luis Potosi, Nov. 10 de 1846. .
MANUEL M. GEL, Secretario.
Ex Doc. No. 60. 439
[Translation.]
General: At 10 o'clock this morning (under cover of a despatch
from his excellency the governor of the State of Coahuila of the
8th instant) I received yours of the 5th, in which you inform me
that by order of your government you intend to break the conven-
tion agreed upon at Monterey on the 24th September last, and con-
sequently on the 13th of the present month to pass the line then
established, by which date you suppose I will have received your
note on the subject.
Believing that the terms stipulated in said convention ought to
be religiously observed by both parties, I had taken no measures
whatever which might tend to a violation of them; but in view of
the obligation under which you consider yourself in consequence
of the order of your government, I limit myself to this reply, that
you may. commence hostilities when you please, and that I shall
duly correspond to them.
With respect to American prisoners, I have to say that there are
but seven of them at head-quarters, of which I send you a list by
their names; and satisfied, as you state, that you have liberated a
number of Mexicans, I have determined, in order to meet your
generosity with a like spirit, to do the same in regard to the seven
referred to, and have directed the commissariat of this army to sup-
ply them with seventy dollars to pay their expenses on the road.
You say that when the convention above cited was entered into
at Monterey, you entertained the hope that the terms in which it
was conceived might open a way to an honorable peace between
the two republics. Leaving out of view the question whether this
convention was the result of necessity, or of the noble sentiments
you express, I will content myself with saying that, from the spirit
and decision which I observe in all Mexicans, you ought to discard
every idea of peace while a single North American treads in arms
the territory of this republic, or while hostile squadrons reaiain in
front of her ports. However, the extraordinary congress is to as-
semble in the capital about the end of the present month, and that
august body will determine what it may judge best for the honor
and interest of the nation.
Major Graham has not arrived at these head-quarters. If he had
come, I would have received him with the attentions which his
character and rank demand; showing at the same time my regard
to your recommendation on the subject. I send this communication
to Saltillo by courier, whence it will be forwarded in the same way
to you.
I have the honor to offer you the assurance of my distinguished
consideration.
God and liberty! Head-quarters, San Luis Potosi, 10th Novem-
ber, 1846.
ANT. LOPEZ DE SANTA ANNA.
Major General Z. Taylor,
General-in- chief of the army of the United States of the north.
440 Ex. Doc; No. 60.
No. 3.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Saltillo, JYovember 20, 1846.
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your com-
munication of the 10th instant, and beg leave to return my thanks
for your humane attention in ordering the release of the prisoners
referred to in my letter of November 5. I shall not fail to report
to my government this generous proceeding; and I am sure that it
will be justly appreciated, as tending to alleviate the rigors neces-
sarily attending. a state of war, and which it becomes enlightened
nations to reduce as far as circumstances will permit.
In regard to the convention of Monterey, I need hardly invite
your attention to the provision of that convention which limited
the cessation of hostilities to eight weeks, or, until the orders
or instructions of the respective governments should be received;
plainly leaving it to either government to prescribe a termination
to said cessation when it might deem proper. I mention this subject
because your communication seems to imply the imputation of a
want of faith on the part of the government of the United States — ■
an imputation which, -in my judgment, is not warranted by the
terms of the convention or the facts of the case.
In conclusion, permit me still to express the hope that the au-
gust Mexican congress, soon to assemble in the capital, will find
it for the interest and honor of the great people which they repre-
sent to accept the offer of the United States, to enter upon an ami-
cable negotiation of the difficulties, and thus to establish per-
manent relations of good will and friendship between the re-
publics.
I have the honor to be, with the highest respect, sir, your obe-
dient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Jlrmy, commanding.
El Seiior General D. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna,
Commanding in chief the Mexican army,
Sa7i Luis Potosi.
[No. 118.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, December 3, 1846.
Sir: It becomes my melancholy duty to report the death of
Brigadier General Hamar, of the volunteer service, who expired
last evening, (2d,) after a short illness.
The order to the army announcing this sudden dispensation*"ex-
presses but feebly the high estimation in which the deceased was
held by all who knew him. In council, I fornd him clear and ju-
dicious; and in the administration of his command, though kind,
I yet always impartial and just. He was an active participant in
the operations before Monterey, and since had commanded the vol-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 441
unteer division. His loss to the army at this time cannot be sup-
plied, and the experience which he daily acquired in a new pro-
fession rendered his services continually more valuable. I had
looked forward with confidence to the benefit of his abilities and
judgment in the service which yet lies before us, and feel most
sensibly the privation of them.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
[No. 119.] Head-quarters, x\rmy of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, December 4, 1846.
Sir: I respectfully enclose, herewith, a letter received on the
30th ultimo, from General Santa Anna, with a copy of my reply,
(Nos. 1 and 2.)
If General Vega has been exchanged, as I do not doubt, it is to
be regretted that I was not officially in possession of the fact, as,
in that case, I could have addressed a much more satisfactory reply
to General Santa Anna. It is quite unnecessary for mi; to invite
the attention of the department to the request of that general.
The news brought by the messenger from San Luis is not very
important. 20,000 troops are said to be in the city, and a large
cavalry force scattered through the country for forage and subsist-
ence. Their cavalry parties are thrown forward some 100 miles,
or more, on the road to Saltillo, as far as water and supplies ex-
tend. From all the information I have obtained, it is, at this
time, quite impossible for a large column to move on that route,
from a want of water.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. ^., commanding.
^. The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, D. C.
No. 1.
SoR. General: He recibido la comunicacion de V. S. fecha 20
del corriente, en que contesta a la mia del dia 10, refercnte a la
cesacion del armisticio estipulado en el convenio de Monterey, y
hechome cargo de la observacion que me hace V. S. para destruir
el concepto que talvez pudiera forniarse contra la buena fe del go-
bierno de los E. Unidos por haber principiado los hostiJidades
antes del vencimiento de las ocho semanas, tengo el honor de de-
442 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
cirle, que me conformo con el juicio que ha formado sobre el par-
ticular.
Agradesco a V. S. la honorosa calificacion que hizo de mi pro-
cedimiento en favor de los prisioneros Americanos que se contraban
en este cuartel general, y aguardo por parte de V. S. en los casos
que puedan ocurrir igual correspondencia. Con este motivo le mani-
festare, que el gefe, oficiales, y tripulacion del bergantin Truxton
que se perdio frente a la barra de Tuzpan fueran hecho prisioneros de
guerra por las tropas Mexicanas; y a peticion del Comodoro Connor,
se pusieron en absoluta libertad, con la condicion de verificarse un
cange por el General Diaz de la Vega y los tres oficiales Mexicanos
que le acompanan, lo cual fue aceptado por el gobierno de los Es-
tados UnidoSj segun comunico el mismo comodoro al comandante
general de Vera Cruz con fecha 7 de Octiibre ultimo. Pero, corao
hasta el dia 24 del mismo mes exista el General Diaz de la Vega
en Nueva Orleans en el mismo estado en que lo coloco el exito de la
tatalla del dia 9 de Mayo, me veo en el caso de reclamar a V. S.
el cumplimiento de lo acordado entre el gobierno Mexicano y el de
los Estados Unidos, respecto al cange de todos los prisioneros del
Truxton por el General Vega y los tres oficiales citados; espe-
rando que V. S. hara a su gobierno la comunicacion que corres-
ponde, para que aquello tenga efecto segun lo exige el honor, y la
buena fe empenada.
Concluire esta nota asegurando a V. S, que yo tambien tengo
esperanza deque el soberano Congreso nacional, que queva a insta-
larse procsimamente, acordara lo que mas convenga a los intereses
de la Republica; pero creo que no me equivoco al asegurar a V.
S., que ni el Congreso, ni ningun Mexicano, podran jamas oir pro-
puestas de paz sin que el terntorio nacional sea evacuado por las
fuerzas de los Estados Unidos, y desaparesca la actitud hostil de
sus buques de guerra: ese ha de ser sin duda el preliminar de
cualquiera negociacion que se abra; y seame licito expresar a V.
S. que con movida la nacion por un sentimiento de patriotismo, y
dispuesta a defender a todo trance palmo a palmo su territoria,
nunca dejara de calificar como merece, y como lo ha el hecho
ya el mundo civilizado, la conducta de los Estados Unidos, y hara
cuanto puede y debe por merecer dignamente el titulo que lleva de
independiente y libre.
Tengo el honor de asegurar a V. S. mi atenta consideracion.
Dios y libartad! Cuartel General de San Luis Potosi, Noviem-
bre 24 de 1846.
ANT. LOPEZ DE SANTA ANNA.
Sor. Mayor Gen. Z. Taylor,
General- en- gefe del Egercito de los Estados Unidos.
[Translation.]
General: I have received your communication of the 20th in-
stant, in which you reply to mine of the 10th, in relation to the
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 443
cessation of the armistice stipulated in the convention of Monterey;
and, impressed with the remarks you make in opposition to the
opinion which perhaps might be entertained against the good faith
of the government of the United States, for having commenced hos-
tilities before the termination of the eight weeks, I have the honor
to say to you that I submit to the judgment you have formed upon
this matter. I thank you for the honorable notice you take of my
(^ proceedings in relation to the American prisoners who were at these
' head-quartery, and 1 expect from you in like cases similar conduct.
/ In this understanding, I have to state that the commissioned officers
and crew of the brig Truxton, wrecked on the bar of Tuspan, were
made prisoners of war by Mexican troops, and, at the request of
Commodore Connor, were placed at absolute liberty, with the con-
dition of being exchanged for General Dias de la Vega and the
three Mexican officers w^ho accompany him, which was accepted by
the govc-nment of the United States, as made known by the com-
modore himself to the commanding general at Vera Cruz, under
date of the 7th of October last. But as up to the 24th of the same
month General Dias de la Vega was still at New Orleans, in the
.same condition in which he was placed by the result of the battle
of the 9th of May, I find myself under the necessity of claiming
from you a compliance with the agreement between the Mexican
government and that of the United States, in respect to the ex-
change of all the prisoners of the Truxton for General Vega and
the three officers mentioned, in the hope that you will make to your
government the necessary communication, that said agreement may
be carried into effect, as required by honor and the faith pledged.
I will conclude this note by assuring you that I also -entertain a
hope that the sovereign national congress about to assemble will
determine upon what may be best for the interests of the republic;
but 1 believe that I am not mistaken when I assure you that neither
congress nor any Mexican can ever listen to any proposition for
peace until the national territory shall have been evacuated by the
forces of the United States, and the hostile attitude of their ships
of war shall have ceased.
This, without doubt, must be preliminary to any negotiation that
may be opened; and allow me further to say to you that this nation,
moved by sentiments cf patriotism, and determined to defend her
territory at every hazard, inch by inch, will never cease to qualify
as it deserves, and as the civilized world has already done, the
conduct of the United States, and will do all it can and oughi to
do to deserve worthily the title it holds to independence and
freedom.
I have the honor to assure you of my high consideration. God
and liberty! Head-quarters, San Luis Potosi, November 24, 1846.
ANTONIO LOPEZ DE SANTA ANNA.
Major General Z. Taylor,
G en eral-in- chief of the United States Army.
444 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
No. 2.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp licar Monterey^ December 4, 1846.
Senor General: I have had the honor to receive your commu-
nication of November 24, in which you allude to the case of General
Dias de la Vega, and request that the United States government
may be reminded of the agreement to exchange him, and the offi-
cers who shared his fate, for the comm.ander, officers and crew of
the brig Truxton.
I regret that I am not officially advised of the action of my gov-
ernment in relation to General Vega, and that therefore I am not
able to assure you with certainty in regard to the exchange in
question. But I cannot doubt that .whatever may have been
promised has been strictly performed; indeed, it is stated in the
New Orleans journais of the 10th of November that General Vega
had been exchanged, and would soon leave for Mexico. I shally
nevertheless, address the United States government on this subject,
as you request."
I beg leave to assure you that I shall not fail on all proper
occasions to reciprocate your kindness in releasing the American
prisoners lately at San Luis Potosi, and that orders will accord-
ingly be given for liberating a small number of Mexican prisoners
who were captured in May last, and are yet in depot near Mata-
moras. They will be transported to Vera Cruz and delivered to
the commimdant general of that place.
I have the honor to be, with high respect, sir, your obedient ser-
vant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Ji.^ commanding.
Senor General D. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna,
Commanding in chiefs San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
[No. 126. j Head-quarters, i rmy of Occupation,
Montemordos, December 26, 1846.
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt, on the 24th
instant, while in route, of the instructions from your office, dated
November 18, relativ'e to the muster of the regiment of volunteer
horse called out from the State of Texas; also of the copy of in-
structions of the mustering officer.
In compliance with those instructions. Colonel Croghan, inspector
general United States army, has this day been ordered to proceed to-
Austin, or the rendezvous of the new regiment, and report to the
governor of Texas for the duty of mustering it. I have associated
Surgeon Finley with Colonel Croghan on this duty, and, in view
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 445
of the state of his health, have permitted him, after its completion,
to repair to the city of Washington.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Jl.j commandina-.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington J D. C.
I
War Department,
Adjt. GeneraVs Office^ Washington^ February 6, 1847.
Sir: In compliance with your instructions, and the resolution of
the House of Representatives of the 1st instant, calling for '' all
correspondence with General Taylor since the commencement of
hostilities with Mexico," &c., I respectfully lay before you the
accompanying papers, arranged in separate series from A to G, in-
clusive, which contain all the information relative to the subject of
inquiry, afforded by the records of the offices of the general-in-chief
and adjutant general of the army, viz:
Series A. — Containing copies of all the letters addressed by Major
General Scott, commanding the army, to Major General
Taylor, since April 24, 1846, when hostilities com-
menced.
Series B. — Containing copies of all letters, except those of mere
detail, addressed to Major General Taylor from the
office of the Adjutant General of the army.
Series C. — Containing a synopsis of every letter from the Adjutant
General's office to Major General Taylor, not copied at
length in series B.
Series D. — Containing copies of all the ''orders" of any particular
interest issued by Major General TayJor.
Series E. — Containing a synopsis of every order issued by Major
General Taylor, not copied at length in series D.
Series F. — Containing copies of all the important '•''special orders^^
issued by Major General Taylor.
\ Series G. — Containing a synopsis of every special order issued by
' Major General Taylor, not copied at length in series F.
The above embraces all the correspondence with General Taylor
■during the time specified in the resolution of the House, except the
general's own letters to the Adjutant General, all of which are now
in possession of the War Department, whence it is understood copies
will be furnished.
The 2ith of April, 1846, is fixed upon as the commencement of
hostilities, it being the day on which General Arista, commanding
the Mexican army at Matamoras, announced to General Taylor that
he considered hostilities as having commenced.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant
R. JONES, *
Adjutant General.
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War,
446 Ex. Doc. No. €10.
A.
Head-quarterSj of the Army,
Washington^ May 18, 1846.
Sir: We have no report from you later than the 26th alt., and
but little through unofficial sources so late as the morning of the
29th. Of course, notwithstanding our high confidence in you and
your little army, we are anxious to hear further from you. All the
success that may be expected, under the circumstances, is confi-
dently relied upon.
Congress having recognised the existence of war between the
United States and the republic of Mexico, and having authorized
the acceptance of 50,000 volunteers, the War Department has al-
ready called upon several States for quotas of twelve-month volun-
teers— making a total of about 20,000, say, one-fourth horse, to
march upon Mexico from different points upon the Rio Grande.
Of course, at this early moment, and at this distance from the
scene of intended operations, no definite plan of campaign has
been laid down. Being destined to the chief command of ihe aug-
mented forces, I shall delay as much as possible of that plan until
I can profit by your better knowledge of the enemy's country,
when it is my hope to have the benefit of your valuable servicesy
according to your brevet rank, and with the column that may be
the most agreeable to you.
We have multiplied our force on the general recruiting service,
and hope in two or three months to bring up the privates of com-
panies to 70 or 80 — at least in the regiments with you.
1 fear that we shall not be able to put on the Rio Grande, with
our utmost efforts, more than 10 or 15,000 volunteers by the 1st of
September — the best jyeriod, we learn here, for the commencement
of operations beyond, with the view to a conquest of a peace.
What you may have done since the 26th ult., or what you may be
able to accomplish before September, with your limited means^
towards that general end, (an honorable peace,) cannot now be as-
sumed. We may hope that with the small reinforcements you have
by this time received, you have forced back the Mexicans to the
right bank of the Rio Grande, and perhaps may have taken Mata-
moras; or possibly, by the greatly superior army of the enemy, you
may now be placed strictly on the defensive. By this note it is
not intended to embarrass you with new instructions, but to give
you information as to expectations or intentions entertained here — -
leaving you under the instructions you have already received, and
to your own good judgment, zeal, and intelligence.
I do not now expect to reach the Rio Grande much ahead of the
heavy reinforcements alluded to above, or to assume the immediate
command in that quarter before my arrival.
With great respect, I remain, sir, your most obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
To Brevet Brigadier General Taylor,
Commanding^ Sfc.^ Sfc. '
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 447
Head-quarters of the Army,
Washington J June 11, 1846.
Sir: Your letter of the 24th ultimo, addressed to the Adjutant
General, has been laid, by the Secretary of War, before the Presi-
dent.
We are all gratified at the disposition you have made of the Mex-
ican general's effects, captured in the battles of the 8th and 9th,
which you considered to be strictly his private property.
Perhaps the pavilion (though not probable) and the pieces of
plate you mention may also be considered as parts of his personal
effects. If so, they may be disposed of in like manner. In no case
will it be necessary to send the pavilion here. If public property,
and suitable to your purposes, no better use of it can be made than
at your head-quarters in the field. On the same supposition, the
President directs that the plate be deposited in some safe place,
subject to further orders.
The captured colors and standards may be sent here, to be pre-
served as national trophies.
All other public property captured by the gallant army under
your command, which may be adapted to its current use, will be
turned over for that purpose to the appropriate officers of the gen-
eral staff, under your orders. Any pieces of artillery or ordnance,
not so adapted, may also be shipped to this place, to be deposited
in the Washington arsenal as national trophies.
I remain, sir, with great respect, your obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Brevet Major General Z. Taylor,
U. S. Army J commanding ^ Sfc.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Washington, June 16, 1846.
Sir: I have the honor, by direction of the general-in-chief to
transmit herewith a copy of Notes on Mexico, furnished him by
Colonel A. Butler, an officer of the war of 1812-'14, and for some
years minister of the United States in that republic.
In furnishing these notes, I am desired by the general-in-chief to
say that they are communicated simply as aids, perhaps, to fur-
ther inquiry, and without any intention of changing his general
instructions to you of the 12th inst.
I have the honor to be, with great respect, vour obpdipnt servant,
H. L. SCOTT,
Jl. D. C"., ^c.
Brevet Major General Z. Taylor,
V. S. Army, commanding, fyc.
448 Ex. Doc. Na 60.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Washington^ August 20, 1846.
Sir: In the numerous volunteer corps now in the service of the
United States, vacancies in commissions, by resignations, deaths
and otherwise, will probably occur.
The commissions of volunteer officers cannot properly be ac-
cepted by any functionary of the United States. You may, how-
ever, grant discharges from the service of the United States,
^'honorable" or otherwise, according to conduct in that ser-
vice, upon the presentation of such circumstances as may appear to
you of grave interest to the officers themselves, .or to the public
service.
Vacancies in volunteer commissions, up to the rank of colonel
inclusive, however created, may be filled in accordance with the
laws of the States to which the discharged or deceased officers re-
spectively belonged. Those laws may prescribe elections, or pro-
motions by seniority. In the former case, you may announce in
orders the vacancies to be filled, and appoint the times of election.
Where the principle of promotion prevails, the next in rank may
be put in orders to act in the higher places (as also in the case of
elections) until the pleasure of the governor or governors interested
can be made known in the form of commissions. Hence it will be
necessary to cause to be reported to the particular governors the
discharges, deaths, elections and promotions which may occur
among the officers in their respective corps.
A similar letter is addressed to Brigadier General Wool, with this
addition :
"Considering your remoteness from the general head-quarters
of the army against Mexico, but without intending to withdraw
you from the command of Major General Taylor, you are author-
ized to act in the matters presented above, while you shall remain
at a considerable distance from him."
I remain, sir, with high respect, your most obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
To Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding army against Mexico.
To Brigadier General Wool,
San Antonio^ Texas.
To Brigadier General Kearny,
Santa Fe, Mexico.
B.
No. 1.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, May 7, 1846,
General: Pursuant to the instructions of the Secretary of War,
orders have this day been despatched to Brevet Major Beall to pro-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 449
ceed with his company from Austin to join the squadron now en-
camped near San Antonio de Bexar, under the command of the
lieutenant colonel.
I acknowledge the receipt this day of your despatches Nos. 26
and 28, respectively, dated the 2d and 15th of April; "orders"
Nos. 37, 38, 44, 46, 47, and 48; and "special orders" Nos. 39, 40,
41,48,49,50,51,52,53.
I am, g-eneral, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. JONES,
Adjutant GeneraL.
Brevet Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding Jirmy of Occupation^
Camp opposite Matamoras^ Texas,
No. 2.
• • Adjutant General's Office,
Washington^ May 8, 1846.
General: In obedience to the instructions of the Secretary of
War, I enclose herewith a copy of the " Daily Union," of the 7th
instant, containing certain resolutions offered yesterday to the
House of Representatives by the Hon. J. Q. Adams, under the
head of " desertions from the army," and also the debate which
follows thereon. As it is probable the resolutions will pass the
House; with a view, in that event, to enable the President to an-
swer the call wnth the least delay, you are requested to transmit, at
as early a day as possible, the names and description of all deser-
ters who may have been killed in the act of desertion from your
command, with a special report of all the orders and instructions,
if any, issued to any officer or non-commissioned officer relative
thereto, and all the circumstances connected with the subject, so
as to enable the department to understand the character of the
transaction, and furnish such information as may be required in
relation to it.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
• R. JONES,
Jidjutant General.
Brevet Brigadier General Z. Taylor,
Commanding Army of Occupation^ ^
opposite MatamoraS) Texas.
Note. — In connexion with the foregoing I send you a copy of
my report of the 5th instant, in answer to a previous resolution of
the Hon. Mr. Adams.
R. JONES, A. G.
29
450 Ex. Doc. No. 60.'
No. 3.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, May 12, 1846.
General: A bill for increasing the number of privates in all our
regiments to one hundred per company having become a law, it is
desirable to increase our force on the recruiting service, general
and special.
Accordingly, the general-in-chief directs that you will immedi-
ately (as soon as active operations on the Rio Grande may allow
you the necessary time) select one or two companies of each regi-
ment of artillery, (other than Ringgold's and Duncan's,) and three
or four of each of the other regiments with you, to be broken up,
and transfer all the privates from such companies to the remaining
companies of their respective regiments. Lieutenants, the musi-
cians, and half the non-commissioned officers, may also be trans-
ferred to fill vacancies, taking the most efficient for field service,
other than 1st sergeants. So, also, of artillery artificers, and the
remainder, if any, temporarily attached to the companies of their
respective regiments.
The companies left blank by transfers you will send to the points
designated below, where they will find instructions from this office;
The blank companies of the 2d dragoons and 4th regiment of ar-
tillery to Baltimore;
The blank companies of the 3d regiment of artillery and 5th of
infantry to Pniladelphia;
The blank companies of the 2d artillery and 8th infantry to New
York;
The blank companies of the 1st artillery and 7th infantry to Bos-
ton; and
The blank companies of the 3d infantry to Newport, Kentucky.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. JONES,
Adjutant General.
Brevet Brigadier General Z. Taylor,
Commanding the Jirmy in Texas.
No. 4.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, May 25, 1846.
General: I am directed by the Secretary of War to say, as it is
quite probable, and highly desirable, that many of those patriotic
volunteers from Louisinna an<l other States who have sailed from
New Orleans, or who may be assembling to follow, under the re-
quisitions and calls suddenly made m that quarter, may, Irom the
same patr otic ardor, be willing to re-enrol themselves, under the
act of the 13th instant, as twelve-mont/i volunteers, that you be,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 451
and you are accordingly requested to invite them to do so; and
that you cause all such as may consent to be enrolled in companies
and regiments, giving credit for the time passed under their first
hasty enrolment.
Previous to the new act (May 13) there was no legal authority
for requiring or accepting the services of volunteers for a period
exceeding three months; and any enrolment prior thereto, for a
longer time, cannot, of course, be enforced, though it is probable
most of those who volunteered for six months will consider them-
selves bound for that term.
It is of great importance, however, to secure the services of the
volunteers now with you for the longest legal period, [twelve
months,) and you are accordingly requested to use every proper
effort to accomplish this desirable object.
The Secretary of War will correspond with the governors upou
this subject, and request their co-operation in effecting the arrange-
ment herein proposed.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. JONES, Adjutant General.
Brevet Brig. General Z. Taylor,
Commanding Arm.y of Occupation^
Camp opposite Matamoras^ Texas.
No. 5.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington^ May 25, 1846.
General: I have the pleasure to acknowledge the receipt of the
several despatches and orders from your head-quarters since my
letter of May 7th, viz: letters dated April 23d, 26th, 30th, and
May 3d and 5th, (numbered 29, 30, 31, 32, and 33;) ''orders" from
49 t» 55; and "special orders" from 54 to 58; all inclusive. -
Your correspondence with General Ampudia in relation to the
•blockade of the mouth of the Rio Grande, reported in a previous
communication, and the measures taken to increase the force under
your command by calls upon the States of Louisiana and Texas for
volunteer troops, are fully approved by the War Department; and
it affords me much pleasure to express the perfect confidence that
is reposed in you and the army under your command.
Your despatch of May 5, covering the report made by Major
Brown, 7th infantry, of the attack upon the field works opposite
Matamoras, has satisfied the department that the reliance of the
country upon the troops under your command is not misplaced,
and that they will be found equal to every emergency.
It is h«ped that the battalion of the 1st infantry, from Jefferson
barracks, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Wilsonj and
452 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
the volunteers hastily enrolled at New Orleans, will afford you
timely aid.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. JONES, Adjutant General.
Brevet Brig. General Z. Taylor,
Commanding Army of Occupation^
Camp opposite Matam,oraSj Texas.
No. 6.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, May 30, 1846.
General: I acknowledge your two reports of the 9th of May,,-
received since my letter of the 25th instant; and I have the plea-
sure to inform you it is with great satisfaction that the President,
the Secretary of War, and the general-in-chief, see in the succes-
sive conflicts of "Palo Alto" and " Resaca de la Palma" the deci-
sive triumph of our arms over a superior force — victories which
distinguished the commander and his gallant associates, as well as
shed honor upon the whole army of the republic.
Your despatches Nos. 34, 35, 36, 37; also "orders" from 55 to
60, and " special orders" from 58 to 62, all inclusive, have been
received.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. JONES, Adjutant General.
Brevet Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding Army of Occupation,
Camp opposite Matamoras, Texas.
No. 7.
Gen. orders ^ Head-quarters of the Army,
No. 15. ^ Adjutant GeneraPs Office, Washington, May 29, 1846.
1. Instructions have already been given to Brigadier General
Wool, and through him to several officers placed at his disposition,
for the early inspection and muster into the service of the United
States of the quotas of twelve-month volunteers who have been
called for by the President of the United States from Ohio, In-
diana, Kentucky, Illinois, Tennessee, and Mississippi, and who
may present themselves for acceptance, under that call, at the ren-
dezvous of those States respectively.
2. Instructions have also been given to other officers of the army
to inspect and muster the quotas, called for in like manner, from
Oeorgia, Alabama, and Arkansas.
3. As soon as inspected and mustered, as above, the several
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 453
regiments and battalions of volunteer horse and foot will, without
delay, be put 'en route, as follows:
4. The regiments of cavalry or mounted men called for from.
Kentucky and Tennessee will, from their respective State rendez-
vous, take up their lines of march, by the best routes, via Mem-
phis, Little Rock, o'n the Arkansas, Fulton, on the Red river, and
Robins''s Ferry, on the Trinity river, upon San Antonio de Bexar,
Texas. The regiment of cavalry or mounted men called for from
Arkansas will, from its State rendezvous (say) Washington, take
the same route from Fulton to San Antonio de Bexar.
5. Excepting one regiment of the Kentucky and one of the Illi-
nois quotas of foot, to which Brigadier General Wool is charged
with giving different routes, and also excepting the Arkansas bat-
talion, which will receive instructions through Brevet Brigadier
General Arbuckle, all the other regiments and battalions of volun-
teer infantry or rifle, called for from the said States, will be em-
barked at the nearest navigable points to their respective State
rendezvous, and thence proceed by water, with or without tran-
shipment at Mobile or New Orleans, to Point Isabel or Brazos
Santiago, Texas, where, like the troops ordered to San Antonio de
Bexar, the whole will come under the orders of the general officer
in the chief command of the United States land forces operating
against Mexico.
6. The chiefs of the general staff of the army at this place will
■each, in what concerns his department, charge himself, through his
subordinates, with supplying the said volunteers (horse and foot)
the necessary arms, accoutrements, ammunition, knapsacks, haver-
sacks, canteens, (for water,) camp equipage, subsistence, medicines
and hospital stores, and means of transportation, by land and water,
according to routes and destinations, and according to law and
regulations.
By command of Major General Scott:
R. JONES, Adjutant General,
[Note on the above order.]
Brevet Major Gen. Z. Taylor,
Commanding army in Texas:
I am directed by the general-in-chief to say to you, informally,
on this order, that a portion of the twelve-month volunteers (foot)
mentioned herein will find orders, in passing by New Orleans, to
proceed not to Point Isabel but to La Vaca, (Matagorda bay,) and
thence march to San Antonio be Bexar; but the portion of the foot
that may be so directed is, I believe, not yet exactly determined.
I have the honor to be, &c.,
W. G. FREEMAN,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Adjutant General's Office,
May 31, 1846.
454
Ex. Doc. Nci 60.
^0. 8.
Adjutant General's Office,
^ * Washington^ June 16, 1846.
Geneeal: The instructions of the general-in-chief of the army,
dated June 12, will yut you in possession of the views of the
government in regard to your operations beyond the Rio del Norte,
which you ma) consider as the answer to your communication of
May 21, requesting further instructions for your guidance.
The instructions of the 12th inform you that about 16,280
twelve-month volunteers will be placed under your general com-
mand. These volunteers have been called from the following
States:
Ohio
Indiana
Kentucky . . .
Horse reg'ts.
1
Foot reg'ts.
3
3
2
Places of rendezvous.
Cincinnati.
New Albany.
Louisville for horse, Newport
and Smithland for foot — one
Illinois
Tennessee . . .
1
3
2
regiment at each place.
Alton and Springfield.
Memphis for cavalry, Nashville
for foot.
Georgia
Alabama ....
Arkansas ....
1 &2cos.
3
1
1
cos.
Columbus.
Mobile.
Washington for cavalry, and
Fort Smith for foot.
Missouri ....
Mississippi . ,
Texas
1
5
1
1
cos.
Fort Leavenworth.
Natchez.
Austin.
4regt's2cos. 17 reg'ts 8 cos.
Of this force the following regiments have been directed upon
San Antonio de Bexar; the horse via Fulton, Robin's Ferry. &c.:
and the foot via New Orleans and La Vaca bay, to wit:
4 regiments of horse from Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, and
Texas;
2 regiments of foot from Kentucky and Illinois;
6 regiments of volunteers, horse and foot, \o- San Antonio.
If we estimate each regiment at 740 men, exclusiv-e of officers,
(the minimum which any mustering officer has been authorized to
accept,) although many regiments of foot will exceed that number,
you will have a division of volunteers at San Antonio^ horse and
foot, of 4,440 men.
Deducting this number from 16,280, leaves 11,840 men, which
will be about the volunteer force (twelve-months men) ordered to
Point Isabel, exclusive of your requisitions for three months men,
*and the other volunteers gone to the seat of war under orders from
Brevet Major General Gaines.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 455
A battalion of Baltimore and Washington volunteers, under
Lieutenant Colonel Watson, sailed two days since for Point Isa-
bel, which in the above statement may be computed in the place of
five Arkansas companies (two mounted) which will be retained in
the Cherokee country.
Five companies of regulars have been ordered to San Antonio de
Bexar, to wit: two of the 1st dragoons, two of the 6th infantry,
with the major, drawn from Forts Gibson and Smith, and Captain
Washington's company of light artillery (4th regiment) from Car-
lisle. This regular force may amount to about four hundred, if
the privates of dragoons and infantry be carried up to the standard
which has been ordered — sixty-four and eighty.
Five companies of artillery, averaging more than ninety each,
(by consolidation, excellent troops, &c.,) drawn from Newport,
New York, Virginia, and Charleston, are now some days at sea, for
Point Isabel, besides one hundred and ten good dragoon recruits.
At the end of the month two hundred recruits (most of them pretty
"well instructed) will be sent from New York, which you will please
to assign to such regiments as you may judge best for the service.
Until otherwise directed, the standard of companies for the ar-
tillery and infantry will be eighty privates; the light artillery
companies may exceed that number, if necessary, as full batte-
ries have been ordered for those fine companies which proved so
efficient and skilful in the late conflicts with the enemy. The
standard of dragoon companies will not exceed seventy privates.
I acknowledge the following despatches received from your head-
quarters at Matamoras, to wit: Letters, Nos. 45 and 46, " circular"
of May 26, " orders" 66 and 67, and " special orders" 68 to 73,
inclusive.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. JONES, Adjutant General.
Brevet Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding^ ^c, ^c, Matamoras.^ Mexico.
No. 9.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington^ June 19, 1846.
General: I send, herewith, for your information, a copy of a
letter from H. L. Kinney, esq., to the honorable D. S. Kaufman,
dated Corpus Cliristi, May 14, 1846, representing the unprotected
condition of the inhabitants of Corpus Christi, Texas, since the re-
moval of the -United States troops to the Rio Grande. I also re-
spectfully transmit a copy of my letter to honorable S. Houston,
dated the 17th instant, dn the same subject.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. JONES, Adjutant General. ,
Brevet Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding Army of Occupation, Matamoras^ Mexico.
456 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
[The following is a copy of H. L. Kinney's letter to honorable
D. S. Kaufman, alluded to above. — R. J.]
Corpus Curistij May 14, 1846.
Dear Sir: As you will perceive, I am once more at the ranche.
I obtained leave of absence more than a fortnight since, and returned
here in consequence of representations, forwarded to me, of the
unprotected condition of the place since the removal of the United
States troops to the Rio Grande. If I had not done so, the strong
probability is that, by this time, the place would have been en-
tirely abandoned, as the inhabitants generally feel that their prop-
erty and persons are in imminent danger from Indians and Mexi-
cans who are hovering around us, almost nightly stealing our
horses, cattle, and sheep, and from whom we are also in danger of
an attack. As you already fully understand, all the United States
troops under Gent^ral Taylor are opposite the town of Matamoras,
or at Point Isabel; and the whole western frontier is now far more
exposed to the depredations of Indians, or other marauding parties^
than at any previous time. There is nothing, whatever, to prevent
the Camanches from coming here — anywhere between the Nueces
and the Rio Grande — the whole region of country being without
the slightest protection. Mexican troops can cross the Rio Grande
at any place they choose above General Taylor's camp — Meir, Rei^
nosa, Camargo, Laredo, or at any point between these places — and
cross the prairie to this place, or any other frontier town, without
encountering a single soldier; and, in our present unarmed con-
dition, one hundred men could take this place and plunder it, if
they were equal to our own troops.
The call for volunteers is not only draining this whole frontier
of effective men, but it occasions serious and well-grounded alarm
of danger to such as cannot leave their families to join in the
contest; and, unless some kind of protection is afforded to this
place by the United States government, it will be wholly aban-
doned by its present inhabitants, and then not a single settlement
•will remain in this State vcest of the Nueces; besides, my dear sir,
the smaller 'towns east of this will share the same fate; and the
whole country, in the absence of its natural defenders, on the
Rio Grande, will be left without inhabitants from this to the Colo-
rado.
This is no overdrawn picture, but a matter of sober fact. It
may become the subject of historical regret. The United States
government has stores of provisions here for vglunteers, unpro-
tected by a single soldier save one unarmed, unserviceable in-
fantry man, left to serve out rations to such volunteers as pass
through here to join General Taylor, via Padre island; for the in-
land route has, for the last three weeks, been so infested by ma-
rauding parties, that all communication between us and the Rio
Grande has been cut off. Several parties who left here for Gen-
•eral Taylor's camp never have arrived, and others coming here
from thence, have been killed or made prisoners.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 457
The fact of annexation being completed, disarmed our whole
population. They literally turned their swords into pruning hooks,
and began to forget the calamities and anxieties naturally incident
to a border residence, and to cultivate the arts of peace. We are,
therefore, without arms or ammunition.
We require a small force of regular troops for our protection,
and, to do us any good, that assistance should be afforded us with-
out delay. But in case the government cannot do this, I implore
you to endeavor to procure arms and ammunition for such as re-
main, and to get me some authority to organize the inhabitants to
make the best defence we can. Without this done, and that speed-
ily, we must once more, to our great loss and damage, abandon our
homes. You know well what I have suffered for this frontier; but
you can scarcely imagine the ariguish with which I should turn
my back upon a place for which I have so long, hitherto unaided,
combatted against all sorts of difficulties, I have no time to say
more, as the boat waits. You know what is wanted. I rely on
our long friendship for you to do what is necessary.
In haste, as ever, yours truly,
H. L. KINNEY.
Hon. David S. Kaufman.
[The foilowing is a copy of the Adjutant General's letter to
honorable S. Houston, alluded to in the letter to Major General
Taylor, of June 19, 1846.— R. J.j
War Department,
Adjutant GeneraVs Office^* Washington^ June 17, 1846.
General: The letter of William Mann, of the 14th ultimo, ask-
ing that troops be stationed at Corpus Christi for the protection of
that place, referred by you to the War Department, has been re-
ceived; and, in reply, I respectfully inform you that, Texas being
within the limits of General Taylor's command, it is not doubted
he will take ample measures for the security of the several towns
and settlements. If there be cause of alarm for Corpus Christi,
the matter should be immediately represented to the general, who
will promptly extend such assistance as the nature of the case may
require.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
I R. JONESj Adjutant General,
Hon. S. Houston,
Senate United States.
458
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
No. 10.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, June 20, 1846.
Sir: By direction of the general-in-chief, I have the honor to
communicate, for your information, a statement of the volunteer
force destined for offensive operations, under your orders, against
the republic of-Mexico, and arranged into brigades by the Presi-
dent of the United States, viz: »
For Chihuahua.
1 mounted regiment from Arkansas, '
1 mounted regiment from Texas,
2 regiments of foot from Illinois,
1 battalion of foot from Texas.
Brigade under Brig. Gen.
Wool.
For the Rio Grande.
1 mounted regiment from Tennessee, ? t> • j
2 regiments of foot from do. )
1 mounted regiment from Kentucky, ( t. • i
2 regiments of foot from do. ) ^^S^^^- .
1 regiment of foot from Alabama, "j
1 regiment of foot from Georgia, \ Brigade.
1 regiment of foot from Mississippi. J
2 regiments of foot from Illinois, )
1 regiment of foot from Missouri. 5
3 regiments of foot from Indiana. — Brigade.
3 regiments of foot from Ohio, ^ T? " /I
1 battalion of foot from District of Columbia. ] -^^^^g^^^-
Brigadier General Wood has been this day notified of the vol-
unteer force you may assign to his command, besides such regulars
as are to be assembled at San Antonio de Bexar, for the Chihuahua
expedition; and he has been instructed to send two, instead of one,
of the Illinois regiments of foot, as directed by " general orders"
No. 15, and the Adjutant General's letter of the 1st instant, from
New Orleans to La Vaca bay, to march thence to San Antonio de
Bexar; and should there be yet time for the change, to send the
Kentucky regiment of foot to Point Isabel, and not to La Vaca
bay.
I enclose, herewith, a copy of the instructions referred to.
I have the honor to be, &c.,
W. G. FREEMAN, J. A. General.
Brevet Major General Z. Taylor,
United States Army, commanding, ^c,
Matamoras, Mexico.
Ex. Doc. No. 6a 459
No. 11.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington^ June 27, 1846.
General: I request you will forward, as soon as convenient, a
list of the non-commissioned officers, soldiers, &c., killed or wounded
in the battles of the 8th and 9th of May. This list is the more
necessary at this time, to enable me to answer the daily inquiries
of the friends of the soldiers belonging to the regiments known to
have participated in those engagements.
I am, sir, &c.,
R. JONES, Adjutant General.
Brevet Major Gen. Z. Taylor,
Commanding Army of Occupation^
MatamoraSy Mexico.
No. 12.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, July 7, 1846.
General: Herewith I respectfully enclose "special orders" No.
58, directing Major L. Thomas, assistant adjutant general, to report
for duty with the army under your command. Of the high qualifi-
cations of this officer no one is better able to judge than yourself,
he having served with you when commanding in Florida.
In ordering the senior staff officer of the department available to
report to your head-quarters, it is by no means the intention of the
general-in-chief, nor the wish of Major Thomas, to interfere
in any degree with your choice or wishes in regard to the position
of Captain Bliss, who has all along, with so much ability and entire
satisfaction in every quarter, as I have reason to believe, performed
the arduous duties of chief of your staff.
Such an array in the field as the one now under your command,
whether as regards numbers or composition, will require as numer-
ous a staff as our organization will afford; and it is the intention to
send you other assistant adjutants general as soon as they may be ap-
pointed.
Please to inform Captain Bliss that in a few days I hope to have
the pleasure of forwarding his commission of major in this depart-
ment.
I am, general, with great respect, your obedient servant,
R. JONES, Adjutant General.
Major Gen, Z. Taylor,
Commanding y ^c, Matamoras, Mexico.
460 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
[The following is a copy of the special order referred to in the
above letter. — R. J.]
Special orders ? ' Adjutant General's Office,
No. 58. \ Washington, July 7, 1846.
1. Brevet Major L. Thomas, assistant adjutant general, is as-
signed to duty with the army in Mexico, and will report accordingly
to the commanding general.
2. Brevet Captain J. H. Prentiss, assistant adjutant general, will
report for duty to Brigadier General Wool; and Captain E. Schriver,
assistant adjutant general, is for the present assigned to duty at the
head-quarters of the army, and will report to the Adjutant General's
office without delay.
By command of Major General Scott:
R, JONESj Adjutant General.
No. 13.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, July 9, 1846.
Sir: The general-in-chief instructs me to say that the following
officers of the adjutant general's .department have been ordered to
report to you in person for duty at your head-quarters, and with
divisions and brigades of the army under your command. You will
please to instruct them accordingly.
Brevet Major G. A. McCall, assistant adjutant general.
Brevet Major W. W. S. Bliss, do do.
Brevet Captain R. Ridgely, do do.
Brevet Captain G. Lincoln, do do.
Brevet Captain O. F. Winship, do do.
Brevet Captain J. H. Prentiss, assistant adjutant general, has
been instructed to report in person to Brigadier General Wool for
duty.
I received orders the 7th instant to report to you for duty, and
expect to set out in three or four days.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
L. THOMAS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding, 4'c., Matamoras, Mexico.
No. 14.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, July 11, 1846.
General: I enclose herewith a copy of instructions from the Sec-
retary of War to the Adjutant General, calling for a list of all the
Ex. Doc. No. 60. ' ' 461
officers who were in the actions of the 8th and 9th of May, under
your commandj and of those who were in Fort Brown during the
bombardment. As this office cannot furnish the information de-
sired, I have to request that you will take measures to forward, as
early as practicable, the list required.
I am, general, very respectfully, &c,,
L. THOMAS,
Assistant Jidjutant General.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding^ ^c, Matamoras, Mexico.
[The following is a copy of the Secretary of War's instructions
referred to in the foregoing letter. — R. J.]
The Adjutant General will furnish, with the least delay practica-
ble, a list showing the name of every commissioned officer of the
army who was present in the actions of the 8th and 9th of May, as
well as those in Fort Brown during its bombardment.
W. L. MARCY,
War Department, July 10, 1846.
Secretary of War.
No. 15.
Adjutant General's Office,
Wdshington, July 17, 1846.
General: The communication from this office of June 20th in-
formed you of the arrangement of the volunteer regiments into
brigades by the President, and I have now to communicate the in-
structions of the department respecting the assignment of the gen-
eral officers who already have been ordered to join the army under
your command, and to report to you in person.
Major General Butler will be assigned to the 1st division of
volunteers, to be composed of the Kentucky, Ohio and Indiana
brigades, to be commanded respectively by the brigadier generals
appointed from those States; and Major General Patterson will be
assigned to the command of the 2d division, to be composed of the
Illinois and Tennessee brigades, and the brigade formed of the
three regiments raised in Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi, to
which must be attached the Washington and Baltimore battalion,
instead of the Ohio brigade, as first ordered, according to the order
of arrangement forwarded to you June 20th. You will assio-n the
brigadier generals to the brigades of the 2d division according to
the States in which they are raised and appointed.
If there be other major generals appointed, this arrangement of
divisions would necessarily be changed.
It is seen from newspaper accounts that the Texan volunteers
have assembled on the lower Rio Grande, while the arrano-ements
at Washington assigned the quota from that State to the division to
462 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
ijoe concentrated and organized at San Antonio de Bexar. Unless
your plan of operations requires a different arrangement, the Texan
volunteers should be ordered to San Antonio as a part of General
Wool's division.
General orders of July 2 (No. 25) will apprize you of the 2d
regiment of infantry being en route, which will be a handsome ac-
cession of 650 efficient men to your array.
Since the last acknowledgment (June 16th) of despatches from
your head-quarters, the following letters and orders have been duly
received and laid before the commanding general and Secretary of
War, to wit: Letters Nos. 47 to 56, (except No. 53, missing,)
^'orders" 68 to 79, and "special orders" 74 to 96, all inclusive.
I am, general, witli great respect, your obedient servant,
R. JONES, Adjutant General.
Major Gen. Z. Taylor, U. S. A.,
Commanding Army of Occupation^ Matamoras.
' [Memorandum— July 18, 1846.]
Organization of the First Division of volunteers, to be commanded
by Mjaor General William 0. Butler.
KENTUCKY QUOTA.
One mounted regiment, ) ^.^^^ ^^
Two regiments oi loot. ^
OHIO QUOTA.
Three regiments of foot — Second brigade.
INDIANA QUOTA.
Three regiments — Third brigade.
Organization of the Second Division of volunteers, to be commanded
by Major General Robert Patterson.
ILLINOIS AND MISSOURI QUOTA — in part.
Two regiments of foot, ? j^.^^^ brigade
One regiment of foot from Missouri. ) °
TENNESSEE QUOTA.
One regiment of mounted men, > ^^^^^^ brigade.
Two regiments ot loot. ^ °
GEORGIA, ALABAMA AND MISSISSIPPI QUOTAS.
Three
Wdsh
regiments of foot, 1 from each State, ? Third brigade
ington and Baltimore batt'n of foot, 6 com. 5 °
Ex. Doc. No. 60. . 463
This memorandum, prepared to-day, will be sent to General Tay-
lor, with the following correction noted, (which is supplied above:)
the addition of the Missouri regiment to the 1st brigade of the 2d
division, omitted in the Secretary's memorandum yesterday — being
now supplied, July 18.
R. JONES,. .^(/;"u^a7?i General.
No. 16.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington^ July 29, 1846.
General: I respectfully enclose for your information a copy of
the communication of the acting governor of Texas to the Secre-
tary of War, dated June 23, from which it appears that the quota
of volunteers called for from that State will not, in all probability,
be obtained. I also enclose a copy of my letter to Colonel Harney
upon the same subject.
The general-in-chief has several times inquired of me if his letter
to you, sent direct, in his own name, dated May 18, had ever been
acknowledged; and repeating the inquiry to-day, my reply was, as
heretofore, that its receipt had not been acknowledged, as s^een by
your correspondence with this office. The communications from
this office to you have, I believe, been uniformly noticed. The one
referred to above, from the general-in-chief, under his own sign
manual, I had supposed might have been answered direct: but as
this appears not to be the case, I apprehend the letter of May 18
may never have reached you.
1 am, general, very respectfully, &c.,
R. JONES, Adjutant General.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding the army in Mexico^ Matamoras.
[The following is a copy of the communication from the governor
pro tempore of Texas to the Secretary of War, referred to in the
above letter. — R. J.J
State of Texas, Executive Department,
Austin, June 23, 1846.
Sir: Your communication of the 16th May last was duly
received, but a temporary absence from the seat of government will
account for my not having answered it until the present time.
You, no doubt, ere this have been officially informed by General
Taylor of his requisition on this State for four regiments of volun-
teer riflemen, two of mounted and two of foot, to serve for the
term of six months, unless sooner discharged; also, the reouisition
of Brevet Colonel Harney, commanding at San Antonio, for serea
464 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
companies for the protection of the southwestern frontier; making
an aggregate of three thousand men.
Those required by General Taylor, from every information, are
now mustered into service at head-quarters of the army. The latter
have all reported to the adjutant general of the State, and will in
a few days to Colonel Harney, to be mustered into service and for
orders.
While the executive of the State feels certain of the promptness
with which any call made upon her militia would be unhesitatingly
responded to, the sparseness of our population, the exposed condi-
tion of our extensive line of frontier, together with the recent pe-
tition from citizens of several frontier counties for two compa-
nies of mounted men for their protection^ in consequence of recent
hostile demonstrations having been made, notwithstanding the
treaty recently [madej by the commissioners of the United States,
obliges me to request that the requisition be made upon some other
State or States,
Although there is no immediate apprehensions, we are all alike
exposed to the attacks of marauding bands of Mexicans and disaf-
fected prairie Indians.
Your request relating to the organization of companies and regi-
ments has been attended to by publishing in the newspapers of this
place, and shall be strictly observed.
1 have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
A. C. HORTON,
Governor. ^pro tempore.
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War.
[The following is a copy of the communication to Colonel Har-
ney, referred to in the foregoing letter from the Adjutant General
to General Taylor of July 29, 1846— R. J.J
i
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington^ July 24, 1S46.
Colonel: It is seen from the communication of the lieutenant
governor of Texas, of the 23d ultimo, to the Secretary of War, that
you have made a requisition on that State for seven companies of
volunteers, which force, it is also stated, was at that date fully
raised and nearly in readiness to join you at San Antonia de Bexar.
Although you were not authorized* to call for volunteers or mi-
litia into the service of the United States, yet, as your requisition
has been thus answered by the governor of Texasj 1 am directed by
the Secretary of War to inform you that the force thus furnished
•/This was a mistake, for it .appears that Colonel Harney was authorized by General Tay-
lor 10 call for what volunteer force he did make requisition for. which fact Vvas brought to the
notice of the Adjutant General in a letter of the general's of a subsequent date to the within.
• ^ R. JO>^ES.
Apjvtant Genebai-'s Office, Septanier 5, 1846,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 465
may be received in lieu of the force required under the requisition
from the War Department. It will be necessary, however, that
you take immediate steps to re-enrol these troops (if mustered into
service; if not, to muster them accordingly) " to serve for twelve
months or during the war, unless sooner discharged," agreeably to
the terms of the act approved May 13, 1846. Unless this change
be made in the term of service fo: which they have engaged to
serve, they cannot be retained, but must be discharged, as it is not
lawful to enrol and receive volunteers for any period less than
twelve months.
The governor of Texas has been corresponded with to the same
effect.
I am, sir, &c.,
' R. JONES,
Adjutant General.
Brevet Colonel W. S. Harney, 2d dragoons,
Commanding at i:>an Antonio de Bexar^ Texas.
No. 17.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington^ July 30, 1846.
General: To enable the paymaster to deduct from the volunteers
advances made to them by their respective States, before being
mustered into the service of the United States, it will be necessary
that the amount required to be deducted to reimburse the States
which have made such advances, be charged to each volunteer on
the first muster-rolls. This can only be done by the officers who
make out the rolls, as in the case of deductions made from the
United States troops. To accomplish the end in view, I am in-
structed by the Secretary of War to direct that you will please to
give all the necessary orders and instructions to the officers of the
volunteer corps, the mustering and inspecting officers, and the pay-
masters.
I respectfully enclose, for your information, a copy of the Pay-
master General's letter of this date to the Secretary of War on the
subject, which presents the case more in detail.
I am, general, very respectfully, &c ,
R. JONES,
Adjutant General.
Major Gentral Z. Taylor,
Matamorasj Mexico.
30
466 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
[The following is a copy of the Paymaster General's letter re-
ferred to in the Adjutant General's letter to Major General Taylor
of July 30, 1846.— R. J.]
Paymaster General's Office, July 30, 1846.
Sir: To enable paymasters to deduct from the volunteers the ad-
vances made to them by their respective States, before they were
received into the service of the United States, it will be necessary
that the amount to be deducted should be charged to each volun-
teer on the muster rolls, as in the case of deductions required to be
made from the United States troops. This can only be done by
the officers who make out the rolls.
The governors of some of the States have furnished statements
of the expenses incurred in fitting out volunteers and getting them
to places of rendezvous, and of the sums- advanced to them. I
shall furnish the senior paymaster, serving with the troops, state-
ments of the deductions to be made from them on account of such
expenses and advances, as soon as I obtain them from the account-
ing officers who are preparing them; but I fear this wnll be too late
for the first muster and inspection, and it is highly important that
the deductions should be made at the first payment. I would,
therefore, respectfully suggest, that the officers commanding regi-
ments and companies be instructed to have the amount required to
be deducted charged to each volunteer on the muster rolls. It is
presumed the officers commanding regiments ^now what advances
were made to the field and staff officers of their regiments, and that
the captains know the advances made to their companies, and, of
course, what deductions should be made. It is the special duty of
the mustering and inspecting officers to see that the rolls contain
the information which is to govern the payment, and that nothing
important is omitted. I shall instruct the paymasters to furnish
the inspectors such information as I may be able to communicate
from time to time, by which means they can correct mistakes and
supply omissions in the muster rolls. The inspectors can best in-
struct volunteer officers how the rolls are to be prepared; and if
that is done in time, much trouble and difficulty in settling the ad-
vances made by States will be prevented.
Respectfully, your obedient servant,
N. TOWSON, P. .¥. G.
Hon. W. L. Marcy, ' '
Secretary of War.
No. IS.
' Adjl'tant General's Office,
Washington^ Mugust 13, 1846.
General: Pursuant to the instructions of the Secretary of War,
you will please to assign one of the brigadier generals, who have
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 467
been ordered to report to you, to duty with the volunteer force
ordered to concentrate at San Antonio de Bexar, with instructions
to report in person to Brigadier General Wool, the commander of
the centre division.
One of the brigadier generals would have been ordered direct
from this office at an earlier day to San" Antonio, but it could not
be ascertained until near the close of the late session of Congress
what other appointments might not be made, upon which, of course,
in some degree would depend the most suitable selection.
I am, general, very respectfully, &c.,
R. JONES,
Adjutant General.
Major General Z. Tayi^or,
Commanding^ Sfc, Matamoras, Mexico.
No. 19.
Adjutant General's Office
Washington, August 20, 1846,
General: As the act of June 18 allows an additional second
lieutenant to each volunteer companyin the service of the United
States, I am directed by the Secretary of War to say, that when
such additional second lieutenants may be present with the troops,
and duly commissioned by the authorities of the State in which the
company has been raised, and present themselves to be mustered
into the service of the United States, you will receive and muster
them accordingly.
I am, general, very respectfully, &c.,
. . . 'R. JONES,
Adjutant General.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding, ^'c, Matamora^, Mexico.
No. 20.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, August 22, 1846.
General: Your intention to retain Colonel P. F. Smith, of the
mounted rifle regiment, reported in your letter of July 25, is fully
approved by the general-in-chief, being in conformity with the in-
&trU';trons from this office when the colonel received his commis-
sion. In like consideration of the public service, (Jolonel Clarke,
recently promoted to the 6th, (stationed in the Cherokee country,'^
was directed (August 14) " to continue on duty with the army in
468 Ex/ Doc. No. 60.
Mexico until otherwise ordered, at" the discretion of Major General
Taylor, to whom you will please report."
I am, ceneral, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
^ . R. JONES,
Adjutant General.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding, ^c, Matamoras, Mexico.
No. 21.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, August 25, 1846. .
General: Captain Mason's company mounted riflemen will em-
bark at Baltimore the 3d of September for the army in Mexico, to-
serve temporarily on foot with ihe 2d regiment of infantry, as you
will see by the captain's instructions, of which I respectfully
enclose a copy. It will be seen that provision is made for the
mounting of the company at your discretion, whenever the means
and the opportunity may be afforded you.
I am, general, very respectfully, &c.,
R. JONES,
Adjutant General.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Com,manding the Army in Mexico,
Matamoras, Mexico.
[The following is a copy of the letter to Captain Mason referred
to in the above letter.]
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, August 24, 1846.
Captain: You will hold your* company in readiness to embark
for the army in Mexico, as soon after the 2d of September as trans-
portation can be provided for the quartermaster.
The company will be armed and equipped for active service on
foot with the 2d infantry, until means and opportunity may enable
Major General Taylor to direct that it be mounted.
If you arrive at Point Isabel before the infantry, wait their ar-
rival, and report to the officer in command for temporary duty with
it- but if the contrary, follow in the same direction, and join either
battalion that you may fall in with.
I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. JONES,
Adjutant General.
To Captain S. T. Mason,
Mounted rifle regiment. Fort McHenry, Md.
Ex. Doc. No. 60, • 469
Note. — Consult with Colonel Belton as to the expediency of
paying o£F your company before they embark; soti.e question of the
public good is to be considered in determining the measure.
R. JONES,
Adjutant General. '
No. 22.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington^ August 31, 1846.
General: Your communication of the 10th instant from Ca-
margo (No. 73) has this day been received, and submitted to the
general-in-chief and Secretary of War.
The departure of the 2d regiment of infantry from Newport,
Kentucky, and Fort Columbus, for the army in Mexico, has been
delayed no longer than necessary to fill up the companies with re-
cruits to a respectable standard. Both battalions will embark and
proceed to their destination the 2d proximo, as you will see by the
instructions of the 21st instant, of which you were duly apprized
at the time. The regiment in the aggregate, it is hoped, will be
about 650 strong. In addition to the nine companies of the 2d
infantry, Captain Mason's company, and a detachment of Captain
Walker's company (C) mounted rifle regiment, under Lieutenant
McLane, will embark at Baltimore on the 3d of September for
Point Isabel, for active service with the army in Mexico, as you
will see by the instructions to the company commanders of the 24th
and 26th, of which copies were duly forwarded at the time. These
companies will be mounted at the earliest day practicable — prob-
ably sooner than they could receive horses if they were concen-
trated at Jefferson barracks, where the regiment is to be organized
and equipped. Their service with the 2(1 infantry on foot, there-
fore, is only temporary, and of course does not impair their right
to cavalry pay for the time being, any more than the fact of their
remaining at Jefferson barracks, or elsewhere, without horses,
while undergoing for a month or two the necessary course of pre-
paratory instruction before receiving them. Captain Walker is
already in Mexico, and under your orders, and it will be for you
to direct when he will join his company in the regular army.
The authority communicated in my letter of the 17th of July,
relative to Bre^^^et Brigadier General Worth appointing Lieutenant
Lee his aid-de-camp, extends, of course, to the appointment of his
successor, Lieutenant Pemberton.
I am, general, very respectfully, &c.,
R. JONES,
Adjutant General.
Major General Z. Taylor,
United States Army. Camargo, Mexico.
470 . Ex. Doc. No. 60.
No. 23.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington^ September 12, 1846,
, General: Before the receipt, on the 5th instant, of your letter
of August 14, Captain Taylor, 1st artillery, was en route with
some recruits and horses for his company in Mexico, his battery
having been sent by sea. By your letter, it is perceived that these
horses may probably not be required for Captain Taylor's com-
pany; but it is thought that their arrival in Mexico may not be in-
opportune. As they are mostly of good quality and many of them
already trained, should they be not needed for the artillery ser- '
vice, it is not doubted that they will be required to remount the
three companies of the 2d dragoons about to be organized at Point
Isabel, as you will have seen by " special orders" No. 83, dated
the 2d instant, which was forwarded to you at its date.
Captain Taylor reports this day that he arrived at Newport, Ken-
tucky, with forty horses, on the 7th instant, and that he should
proceed on his route as soon as he procured the additional horses
required for his battery, which would be in a few days.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. JONES,
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding y ^c, CamargOj Mexico.
'J
Adjutant General.
No. 24.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington J September 15, 1846.
General: Learning informally that the suggestions of the gen-
eral-in-chief, communicated in my letter of September 1, 1845,
relative to the assignment of Lieutenant Colonel Payne, of the
4th, and Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Childs, of the 3d artillery, may
have influenced your arrangement of the artillery companies into
battalions, &c., beyond the period contemplated at the time, I am
desired to say that the arrangements intimated were not intended
to be permanent. The general in-chief regrets, therefore, (if, in-
deed, it be so,) that you regard the suggestions communicated in
September last at all abiding, as the circumstances of the service
have altogether changed since the army (now no longer the "army
of occupation") was stationed at Corpus Christi. It was not
doubted, therefore, that your arrangements of the artillery com-
mands, whether as infantry or with batteries, would be made only
with reference to the requirements of the service in the field.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. JONES,
Adjutant General.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding, ^-c.^ Camargo, Mexico.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 471
.No. 25.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, September 21, 1846.
General: It may be necessary that prompt action should some-
times be given to the proffered resignations of officers of volunteer
corps. Under ordinary circumstances, the resignation of a com-
mission should be tendered to the authority which conferred it;
but in the case of volunteer officers in the service of the United
States, it is thought that during the period for which they are en-
gaged the executive of a State cannot accept their resignation
without the consent of the President. With a view to avoid de-
lays and embarrassments growing out of this subject, I am in-
structed by the Secretary of War to say it has been deemed proper
to give you discretionary authority to discharge volunteer officers
and men whenever, in your judgment, the interest of the service
may be promoted thereby. Notice of the discharge of commis-
sioned officers should be reported to the War Office, and to the
governor of the particular State.
Vacancies which may be created, must be filled, agreeably to the
fifth section of the act of the 13th of May last; but as there may
be good and sufficient reasons for not receiving and mustering into
service some of the candidates who may be offered for promotion,
you will please to exercise a sound discretion in the matter.
With respect to the additional 2d lieutenant of volunteers, autho-
rized by the act of June I8th, the Secretary of War's instructions
upon the subject were communicated in my letter of August 20th.
The great number of volunteer officers who Lave, so soon after
their arrivals on the frontiers, left the army on furlough, has at-
tracted the notice of the department, and I am desired to suggest
for consideration whether the good of the service may not, in
many cases, require their discharge altogether, rather than to be
allowed to be absent for so considerable a portion of the short pe-
riod (12 months) for which they engaged to serve.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. JONES,
Adjutant General.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding the army in Mexico^ Camargo.
No. 26.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, September 28, 1846.
General: I respectfully forward, for your information, a copy
of my letter of this date to Major General Patterson, the officer
charged by the Secretary of War with the immediate command and
conduct of the expedition soon to move upon the department of
472 Ex. Doc. No. 60
Tamaulipas, pursuant to the instructions of the War Department
of the 22(i instant.
You will perceive that not more than seven companies can be
drawn from the seaboard to make up the compliment of the regu-
lar force to join the division about to be organized for the invasion
of the enemy's country in the direction of Tampico. The other
three companies referred to, to complete the regiment of regulars,
(to be composed of companies of several regiments,) will, it is
presumed, be taken from the stations on the lower Rio Grande, as
intimated by the Secretary of War, in his letter of instructions,
and be designated at your head-quarters.
Knowing the value of experienced officers of the regular army
to command important stations and depots left in your rear, the
general-in-chief instructs me to say that Colonel Crane will so'>n
be ordered to Mexico for such sedentary command, (as he is not
able to take the field in the saddle,) with instructions to report to
you from Matamoras or Camargo, where he will await your orders.
Brevet Colonels Mcintosh and Payne will receive like orders as
soon as they may be able to travel without inconvenience to their
wounds, which are not yet quite healed.
The last communications received from your head -quarters are
letters Nos. 80, 81, 82, 83, and 84; '' orde^rs''' Nos. 108, 109, 110,
111, and 112j ^^ special orders'^ Nos. 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, and
135.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. JONES,
Adjutant General.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding J fyc.f Camargo, Mexico.
[The following is a copy of the letter to General Patterson re-
ferred to in the foregoing letter. — R. J.]
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, September 28, 1846.
General: I am instructed . by the 'general-in-chief to inform
you that seven companies of artillery are under orders to proceed
to Point Isabel, which is all the regular force that can now be
drawn from the seaboard to join the expedition soon to advance
upon the department of Tamaulipa's, with the command of which
you have been charged by the Secretary of War, as seen in his in-
structions of September 22(1. The other three companies required
to make up the complement of the regiment of regulars, intended
for this expedition, it is presumed, must be drawn from the force
on the lower Rio Grande, as intimated by the Secretary of War in
his instructions to Major General Taylor, a copy of which was
forwarded at its date (September 22d) for your information. Some
of the seven companies are all recruits; and of the rest, more than
Ex. Doc. No.. 60. 473
one-half of the privates have been but recently enlisted; but with
the advantage of experienced commissioned and non-commissioned
officers, you will find them well instructed and efficient. These
seven companies will be about 700 strong.
Colonel Gates and Lieutenant Colonel Belton, of the 3d regi-
ment of artillery, and Brevet Major W. W. Morris, of the 4th,
have been assigned to duty with this regiment, organized, as it
probably will be, out of companies taken from the several regi-
ments of that arm. The Colonel will report to [you,] and aw^it
your orders at Point Isabel
The quartermaster's and commissary's departments at Washing-
ton have been notified of the contemplated expedition under your
command, and your requisitions for transportation and supplies
will be promptly met by the proper officers of the respective de-
partments as soon as made and received. I' enclose, for your in-
formation, a copy of the quartermaster general's instructions to
Lieutenant Colonel Hunt, the resident quartermaster at New Or-
leans.
Company H, 2d dragoons, recently recruited and reorganized at
Fort Columbus, will proceed without delay to Point Isabel, at which
place its commander, Captain Hunter, on his arrival, has been or-
dered to report to you, subject, of course, to the further orders of
Major General Taylor. The company will be available for service
either as cavalry or infantry, as you or Major General Taylor may
deem expedient.
I am, genera!, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. JONES,
Major General R. Patterson,
Commanding, Sfc, ^'c.
Adjutant General.
No. 27.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, September 30, 1846.
General: Four hundred recruits, in separate detachments of 100
each, have this day been ordered to join their regiments — the 4th,
5th, 7th and 8th infantry, now in the field — as may be seen by the
instructions of this date to Colonel Mason, the superintendent, rif
which ;i copy is herewith respectfully forwarded for your informa-
tion. These recruits would have been organized as permanent com-
panies to replace one of the broken up companies in each of the
regiments* named; but it was seen that those serving in the fipld
were weak, scarcely averaging 50 privates at the last returns. ■ It
was, therefore, deemed preferable to send them as recruits for their
regiments, to be distributed equally among the respective compa-
nies. This arrangement, made here for the reasons stated, I am de-
sired by the general-in-chief to say, can be so far changed as to
assign the detachment to their regiments as permanent companies,
474 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
to supplj^ the place of one of the blank companies in each, if, on
their arrival in the field, you shall deem such arrangement best; but
it is desirable not to allow them to serve as an organized body of
recruits^ irrespective of regimental organization. You are also au-
authorised to retain the officers in charge of the recruits, if neces-
sary for the efficiency of their regiment.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. JONES, Adjutant General.
'Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding J ^c, CamargOj Mexico.
[The following is a copy of the letter to Colonel Mason, referred
to in the above letter. — R. J.]
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington^ September 30, 1846.
Colonel: Your report of the 25th instant has been laid before
the general-in-chief, and it is decided to dispose of the infantry re-
cruits in depot as follows:
1st. Organize four companies of recruits^ each of one hundred
men, to join their respective regiments, to wit: the 4th, 5th, 7th and
8th infantry, to each of which a captain and one subaltern will be
assigned, who will take with them their non-commissioned officers.
It is seen that the recruits in depot belonging to these regiments
fall short of one hundred, except those for the 5th; the deficiency
must, therefore, be made up from the general service, which it is
supposed you may be able to do as soon as the transport shall have
been provided. The last reports show" that there were twenty-one
recruits for the 8th infantry at Fort Monroe, w^hich will be ordered
to proceed to Point Isabel with the battalion of artillery to embark
from that post, with instructions to join the company of recruits to
be sent from New York, and thus make up the complement of one
hundred men for the 8th.
2d. On the arrival of the four detachments of recruits at Point
Isabel, instruct the commanding officer of the battalion (which must
be organized as such for the time being) to join the division of the
army in which' their respective regiments are serving, as soon as
circumstances will permit, when the hundred recruits for each will
be equally distributed among the respective companies now in the
field, which, it is seen, do not average fifty privates per company.
3d. The following are the officers it is proposed to assign to this
body of recruits: '
Captain G. Morris and First Lieutenant H. D. Wallen, 4th
infantr/.
Captain D. "Ruggles and Brevet Second Lieutenant W. H. Tyler,
5th infantry.
Brevet Major E. S. Hawkins and "First Lieutenant S. G. Sim-
mons, 7th infantry.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 475
Brevet Major G. Wright and First Lieutenant J. Beardsley, 8th
infantry.
The officers above named, of the broken up companies, you will
order to return to the United States to rejoin the recruiting service,
unless Major General Taylor should deem it necessary to retain
them. The other officers recently relieved or appointed will,
of course, join their regiments in the field. •
If you judge it expedient that other officers be named in place of
some of those assigned, or some be added to the number, you will
please to write me on the subject.
You will make your requisition upon the quartermaster's depart-
ment for transportation without waiting further instructions; and it
is expected that the battalion of recruits will embark at the earliest
day practicable. Report the day which you calculate the recruits
may put to sea.
The recruits at this place. Fort McHenry and Philadelphia, &c.,
I suppose, will be conducted to the depot by Captain Ruggles, of
the 5th.
I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. JONES, Adjutant General.
Colonel R. B. Mason,
\st dragoons^ Supt. recruitiyig service^ JVew York, JV. Y.
Note. — With regard to the supply of clothing which may be re-
quired for the recruits, you will take the necessary measures to
procure it.
R. JONES, Adjutant General.
No. 28.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, October 8, 1846.
General: Captain T. W. Sherman, 3d artillery, having addressed
the general-in-chief upon the subject of his assignment to duty in
the quartermaster's department, and his claim to succeed to the
company to which he has been promoted, I am desired by the
general-in-chief to inform you that company D, 3d artillery, to
which Captain N. B. Bragg has just succeeded by his promotion,
is now under orders for Point Isabel. This will afford you an op-
portunity of placing both Captains Sherman and Bragg at the head
of their companies, to which they have been respectively promoted.
Should you, however, deem it essential to the good of the service
in the field to transfer the two. captains, you are authorized, by the
general-in-chief to do so. *
I am, general, very respectfully, «&,c.,
R. JONES, Adjutant General.
Major General Z. Taylor,
L^. S. Army, Camargo, Mexico.
476 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
No. 29. I
\
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington J October 13, 1846.
General: Instructions have this day been despatched to Major
Burbridge, of the rifle regiment, to organize and equip four oi" his
companies, now at St. Louis, and proceed, without unnecessary
•delay, to Point Isabel, there to await your orders, or such as he i
may receive from Major General Patterson. These troops are now\^
made available for service in Mexico, with some reference to the
force to be organized for the expedition to Tamaulipas, under Major
General Patterson, agreeably to the instructions of the Secretary
of War of the 22d ultimo. You were duly apprized, in my letter
of September 28ih, that, to make up the complement of the regular
force which is to form a part of the expedition under that general,
it was supposed that these companies must be drawn from the sta-
tions on the lower Rio Grange, as but seven companies of regulars
could be sent from the east. The companies of the new regiment
now under orders for the Rio Grande will be in position in time to
replace [if by you deemed necessary] the veteran troops which may
be taken fiom the line of posts*in that quarter for active service in
the direction of Tampico, or for any other service that you may
think proper to direct.
Major Burbridge has been informed that nothing could be said at
this time with respect to the mounting of his battalion, as it -was
not known that the active service in immediate view would allow
time to provide horses and other equipments.
I am, general, very respectfully, vour obedient servant,
R! JONES, Adjutant General.
Major General Z. TayLor,
Commanding, See, Monterey, Mexico.
No. 30.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, October 14, 1846,
General^ In sending to-day by mf)il a duplicate of my letter of
yesterday's date, the opportunity is afforded to add in the last
sentence of the first paragraph, after the word " replace," the
words " if by you deemed necessary," inserted by the general-in-
chief, in order to avoid the slightest chance of misapprehension
respecting the availability of the battalion of riflemen under Major
Burbridge, for any service you may deem necessary. Please to in-
sert thiE five words above in the original borne to you by Major
Graham.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R: JONES, Adjutant General.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding, Sfc, Monterey, Mexico.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 477
No. 31.
AojufANT General's Office,
Washington, Octohet 29, 1846.
General: I enclose a copy of a letter from his excellency Gov-
ernor Whitcomb, of. Indiana, to the Secretary of War, dated the
16th instant, requesting that certain individuals holding civil offices
in the State, and now serving with the Indiana volunteers in the
service of the United States,' raay be furloughed or discharged, to
enable them to return and perform their civil duties; and I am in-
structed by the Secretary of War to say that you will permit the
individuals named by the governor to retire from the army, should
they desire to do so, either by furlough or discharge.
I have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient
servant,
W. G. FREEMAN,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding, Sfc, Monterey, Mexico.
[The letter af Governor Whitcomb, referred to above, does n(
jpear to be on. the files of the Adjutant General's office.]
No. 32.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, JVovember 3, 1846.
General: I am instructed by the general-in-chief to say that the
held batteries belonging to the light companies of the 2d and 3d
regiments of artillery, commanded by Brevet Lieutenant Colonel
Duncan and Brevet Captain R. Ridgely, having been in use since
1839, it is deemed expedient to supply them with new batteries, in
order that the old may be thoroughly repaired or refitted at some
arsenal. Accordingly, it is suggested that the batteries taken to
the Rio Grande by Major Munroe and Captain F. Taylor, neither
of which it is believed is in use, be given Brevet Lieutenant Colonel
Duncan's and Captain Ridgely's companies. Should, however,
either of these batteries be in use, then the general thinks you had
better direct the battery at Baton Rouge arsenal, which is subject
to your orders, to be immediately sent to you. •
I have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient
servant,
W. G. FREEMAN,
, Assistant Adjutant General.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding, Sfc, Monterey^ Mexico.
478 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
No. 33.
AIdjutant General's Office,
Washington^ Jfovember 18, 1846.
General: By direction of Major General Scott, I have the honor
to enclose you copies of two letters from the Secretary of War to
•the governors of certain States, dated the 16th instant, calling for
additional regiments of volunteers* one to Acting Governor Hor-
ton, of Texas, calling for a regiment of cavalry; and the other,
addressed to the governors of Massachusetts, New York. Pennsyl-
vania, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Louisiana, and
Mississippi, calling for one regiment of infantry from each of
those States, and designating the several places of rendezvous
therein.
You will perceive from the letter to Governor Horton, that you
are expected to furnish the mustering officer and examining sur-
geon for the Texas regiment; and the general-in-chief requests
that, to expedite matters, these officers be directed to repair, with-
out delay, to Austin, and report in person to his excellency, or
repair to such place as he may have appointed for the rendezvous of
the new regiment. You are alsa requested to give the mustering of-
ficer exact instructions as to the manner of performing his duty, fur-
nishing him with a copy of such parts of the Secretary of War's
letter as may be necessary for his guidance, and enjoining upon
him to be very careful not to accept any volunteer who does not
possess the prescribed qualifications. A supply of blank rolls, for
mustering the regiment into service, will be this day sent to
Austin, directed to the care of the governor of Texas, from whom
the mustering officer can obtain them. Four rolls are required for
each company, and an equal number for the field and staff; the same
blank forms being used for companies and for the field and staff.
One of these rolls must be sent to this office, one delivered to the
captain, (and in the case of the field and staff, to the colonel,) and
two handed to the United States paymaster, who will be at the
place of rendezvous to pay the travelling allowances, and six
months' advance for clothing. A consolidated return of the force
mustered, must also be forwarded to this office, agreeably to para-
graph 463 of the regulations, and a duplicate should be transmitted
to you.
The general-in-chief desires that you will keep the governor of
Texas advised of any orders you may issue in relation to the regi-
ment from.that State, up to the moment of its reception into the
service of the United States. The commissary general of subsist-
ence will take measures for its subsistence.
I have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient
servant,
W. G. FREEMAN, .
Assistant Adjutant General.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Cornmand'tng^ tVc, Monterey^ Mexico.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 479
[The following is the form of requisition from the Secretary of
War to the governors of States, calling for additional regiments,
allur'ed to in the communication from the adjutant general's office
to General Taylor, dated November 18, 1846. — R. J. |
War Department,
Sir: I am instructed by the President to request that you will
cause ro be raised in the State of , and organised at
the earliest practicable period, for service during the war with
Mexico^ unless sooner discharged, , which, as soon as or-
ganised, will be mustered into the service of the United States.
The regiment will consist of —
( 1 colonel.
I 1 lieutenant colonel.
Field and staff. \ 1 major.
I 1 adjutant — a lieutenant of one of the
(^ companies, but not in addition,
f 1 sergeant major.
JYon-co7nmiisioned staff. -^ 1 quarte^jmaster sergeant.
(^ 2 principal musicians; and
10 companies, each of which to consist
of— ' .
1 captain,
1 first lieutenant,
2 second lieutenant?.
4 sergeants,
4 corporals,
* 2 musicians, and
80 privates.
Should the number of privates, on being mustered, not fall be-
low sixty-four effective men in a company, it will be received.
is designated as the place of rendezvous for
the several companies, as fast as they shall be organized, and
where they may be farther organized into a regiment. The regi-
ment will be inspected and mustered into service by an officer, or
officers, of the United States army, who will, in every case, be in-
structed to receive no man who is in years, apparently, over forty-
five, or under eighteen, or who is not of physical strength and
vigor. To this end, the inspector will be accompanied by a medical
officer of the army, and the volunteer will be submitted to his ex-
amination. It is respectfully suggested that public notice of these
-requirements will prevent much disappointment to the zealous
and patriotic citizens of your State who may be disposed to vol-
teer.
By the enclosed copy of an act authorizing the President to call
.for volunteers, it will be perceived that all the field and company
officers with volunteers, taken into the service of the Uniteci
States, are to be appointed and commissioned, or such as have
been appointed and commissioned in accordance with the laws
of the State whence they are taken; and I would suggest the ex-
480 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
treme importance to the public service, that the officers for the
above regiments be judiciously selected.
It may be proper to remark, that the law provides for the clothing
(in money) and subsistence of the non-commissioned officers, mu-
sicians, and privates of volunteers who are received into the service
of the United States.
In respect to clothing, the law requires that the volunteers shall
furnish their own clothing, for which purpose it allows to each
non-commissioned officer, musician, and private, three dollars and
fifty cents per month during the time he shall be in the service of
the United States. In order that the volunteers who shall be mus-
tered into service under this requisition may be enabled to provide
themselves with good and sufficient clothing, the commutation al-
lowance for six months (twenty-one dollars) will be advanced to
each non-commissi'oned officer, musician, and private, after being
mustered into service, but only with the express condition that the
volunteer has already furnished himself with six months' clothing
— this fact to be certified to the paymaster by the captain of the
company — or that the amount thus advanced shall be applied, under
the supervision of his captain, to the object contemplated by law.
In this latter case the advance commutation for clothing will be
paid on the captain's certificate that he is satisfied it will be so ap-
plied.
In respect to subsistence before arriving at the place of rendez-
vous, and for travelling home from the place of discharge, the
allowance is fifty cents for every twenty miles dii^tance.
The President requests that you will be. as prompt as possible in
the arrangement of this whole matter, in order that the volunteers
may be ready for immediate service. Officers of the quartermaster
and subsistence departments will be immediately ordered to the
place of rendezvous, with funds to defray the necessary expenses
which may be incurred.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
No. 34.
AjDJUTANT General's Office,
Washington^ JSTovember 30, 1846.
General: The capture of Tampico, on the 14th instant, by the
naval forces under Commodore Connor, and the sudden call for
troops by that officer to garrison the captured town, it is highly
probable' may have caused the withdrawal of some portion of the
army stationed on the lower Rio Grande, as it is understood that
Commodore Perry, after leaving New Orleans, proceedt-d to Brazos
Santiago for the purpose of procuring troops, &C.5 to meet the
emergency of the public service.
It having been decided to hold Tampico with a garrison of 1,500
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 481
6r 2,000 men, pursuant to the instructions of the Secretary of War,
such measures have been promptly taken as the exigency seemed
to require, qr at least as were within the reach of the War Depart-
ment at the moment of receiving the official despatches of the naval
commander at the seat of government.
I respectfully enclose, for your information, a copy of my letter
of yesterday's date, addressed to Major General Patterson, or com-
manding officer on the Rio Grande, on the subject of the requisition
supposed to have been made by Commodore Connor for the aid of
the land forces near at hand, from which you will see what troops
may be expected from other quarters, as well as the views of the
Secretary of War, with respect to the propriety of weakening (tem-
porarily) that portion of the base of your operations, &c.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servaijt,
R. JONES,
Adjutant General.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding^ §'c., Moiiterey.
[The following is a copy of the letter to General Patterson re-
ferred to in the foregoing letter, — R. J.]
War Department, Adjutant General's Office,
Washington^ JYovember 29, 1846.
Sir: It is supposed that a requisition has been made upon you by
the commander of the naval forces in the gulf, for assistance in
holding the post of Tampico, taken by him on the 14th instant; and
I am instructed by the Secretary of War, to say, that he hopes the^
state of the service on the lower Rio Grande may have been such
as to justify a prompt compliance with the request of the naval
commander.
It IS necessary to apprize you, that it is decided forthwith to.
throw into Tampico a garrison of 1,500 or 2,000 men, a part of
which, as above mentioned, it is expected will be drawn from the
Rio Grandej but, as already intimated, the propriety of weakening
that portion of the base line of operations, must be determined by
the commander on the spot, possessed as he must be of a better
knowledge of the actual state of affairs than the authorities at
Washington can have.
On the 21st instant General Brooke, commanding at New Or-
leans, ordered about 2U0 recruits, en route for Point Isabel, to
Tampico, and he will give the same direction to six or seven com-
panies of the rifle regiment which probably reached New Orleans
soon after. To-day one company of artillery from Fort Columbus,
(perhaps two,) and the two companies now at Tampa Bay, have
also been ordered to that place, but the departure of the last two
may be considerably delayed for want of transportation.
This would make a regular force, including the rifle companies
,and recruits sent from New Orleans, of about a thousand men.
. 31
482 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
I am further directed by the Secretary of War, to say that the
force which may be drawn, in this emergency, from the Rio Grande
-will be more than replaced by a portion of the new levies which it
is expected will soon be ready to be pushed forward to join the
army in Mexico.
Please to send, by express, a copy of this communication to Ma-
jor General Taylor.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. JONES,
Adjutant General.
Major General Patterson,
(Or commanding officer U. S. forces on the Rio Grande.)
No. 35.
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington^ January 23, 1847.
General: In forwarding a copy of my letter of yesterday's date
to Captain L. B.Kinton, of the 2d regiment of Ohio volunteers, for
your information, I write this note merely to say that the pfficer,
-who is represented to be a very clever man, Y\^assomuch concerned
at having left the army, and so anxious to get back, that the Sec-
retary of War was disposed to view his absence (as stated in the
official letter) in the character of one of leave, &c. In looking over
my communication of September 21, referred to in the letter to
Captain Kinton, it may be that I did not very clearly express the
Secretary's intention with respect to granting discharges when
furlouo-hs could not be given to the volunteer officers. The inten-
tion was, that when furloughs were applied for, inslead of granting
the same, which the good of the service would not justify to any
great extent, it would be best for the public interest that the offi-
cers should quit altogether, that others might take their placesj,
and in case they should desire to do so (but not without) that they
might leave their regiments, by resignation; i. e. discharge. The
first paragraph of the letter of September 21 explains the mode of
the acceptance of resignations when tendered, which is by granting
a discharge from the United States service for the reasons stated^,
&c.
As you may suppose, we are all very busy here, as we know you
are in the field.
Wishing you continued success, health and happiness, I remain,,
general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
^ R. JONES, Adjutant General.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding, 4t., Victoria, Mexico.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. ' 483
[The following is a copy of the Adjutant General's letter to
Captain Kinton, referred torn the preceding communication. — R. ,].]
War Department,
Adjutant GeneraPs Office^ Washington^ January 22, 1847.
Sir: Your wishes expressed to the Secretary of War with respect
to returning to your regiment in Mexico have been duly considered,
and I am directed to say that, as your health has been restored, you
are hereby authorized to return to the army and join your company
for duty, which 'you will proceed to do without unnecessary delay.
Your discharge from the service, to take effect the 31st Decem-
ber, which you say it was not your intention to obtain when you
applied lor leave of absence, may have resulted from some misap-
prehension as to the character of your application, as the discharge
states that you had tendered your resignation, or was directed by
the commanding general in Mexico, in consequence of the sugges-
tion found in the letter to him from the department of the 21st of
September, touching the subject of furloughs granted to so many
officers of the volunteers — the general supposing at the time, it may
be inferred, that if you could not receive the furlough for the re-
covery of your health, it would be necessary to leave the army by
resignation or discharge, which he was authorized to grant.
In either case I doubt not that Major General Taylor, on learn-
ing your anxiety to return to the seat of w^ar, (your health being
restored,) will be gratified on being informed that your absence is
now viewed by the War Department as one of leave, and that you
are now authorized to resume your station in your regiment.
I am, respectfully, &c.,
R. JONES, Adjutant General.
To Captain S. B, Kinton,
2d regiment of Ohio volunteers, Washington, D. C.
C.
Synopsis of letters addressed to Major General Z. Taylor, from the
office of the Adjutant General of the army, since the " commence-
ment of hostilities with Mexico,^'' to wit: April 24, 1846, that
being the day when General Arista, on the part of Mexico, an-
nounced said commencement ; furnished in compliance with the
resolution of the House of Representatives, February 1, 1847.
{Those not marked B are unimportant, and not copied.)
May 5, 1846. — Acknowledging receipt of despatches, orders, &c.
May 7, ]846 — Full copy furnished — series B.
May 8, ]8i6. — Full copy furnished — series B.
May 12, 1846.^ — Full copy furnished — series B.
May 18, 1846. — Memorandum of resignations of officers.
May 25j 1846. — Full copy furnished — series B.
484
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
May 25
May 30
May 31
June 9
June 12
June 15
June 16
June 19
June 20
June 20
June 27
July 7
Jufy 8
July 9
July 11
July 17
July 18
July 21
July 2<
July 3(
August
1846. — Full copy furnished — series B.
1846. — Full copy furnished — series B.
1846 — Full copy furnished — series B.
1846. — Acknowledging receipt of despatches, orders, &c-
1846. — Relative to the trial of an officer.
1846. — Relative to the resignation of a medical officer.
1846. — Full copy furnished — series B.
1846. — Full copy furnished — series B,
1846.— Full copy furnished — series B.
1846. — Calling for returns.
1846. — Full copy furnished — series B.
1846. — Full copy furnished — series B.
18l6. — Directing investigation into the conduct of an
officer.
1846. — Full copy furnished — series B.
1846. — Full copy furnished — series B.
1846 — Full copy furnished — series B.
1846. — Requesting a copy of the charges preferred against
an officer.
1846. — Enclosing commissions for surgeons and assistant
surgeons to volunteer reginr-nts.
1846. — Full copy furnished — series B.
1846. — Full copy furnished — series B.
3, 1846. — Acknowledging receipt of letters, orders, &c.,
relative to returns.
5, 1846. — Relative to discharging a soldier.
5, 1846. — Desiring that a medical officer be relieved
from duty in Mexico, and to report in per-
son to surgeon general.
13, 1846. — Full copy furnished — series B.
20, 1846. — Full copy furnished — series B.
22, 1846. — Full copy furnished — series B,
25, 1846. — Full copy furnished — series B.
31, 1846. — Full copy furnished — series B.
12. 1846. — Full copy furnished — series B.
15, 1846.— -Full copy furnished — series B.
16, 1846. — Relative to I^'^ijK returns, rolls, &c.
18, 1846. — Refusing leave of absence to a medical
cfiicer.
September 19, 1846. — Relative to a lost mail; acknowledging re-
ceipt of despatches, orders, &c.
September 21, 1846. — Full copy furnished — series B.
S pteraber 28, 1846. — Full copy furnished — series B.
September 30, 1846. — Full copy furnished — series B.
October 5, 1846. — Relative to an officer whose resignation the
Secretary declines accepting.
October 8, 1846. — Full copy furnished — series B.
October 13, 1846. — Full copy furnished — series B.
October 14, 1846. — Full copy furnished^— series B.
October 15, 1846. — Acknowledgment of despatches, orders, &c.
October 29, 1846. — Full copy furnished — series B.
August
August
August
August
August
August
August
September
September
September
September
^ Ex. Doc. No. 60. 485
October 31, ]846. — Forwarding blanks.
November 3, 1846. — Full copy furnished — series B.
^November IS, 1846. — Full copy furnisiied" — series B.
!November 30, 1846. — Full copy furnished — seriifS B.
December 15, 1846. — Acknowledgment of despatches, orders, &c.j
approving the transfer of officers.
December 24, 1846. — Rebviirt :; uiieration of the returns for the
use of the army in the field.
December 29, 184§. — Requesting the withdrawal from Mexico of
a medical officer for duty in Surgeon Gen-
eral's office.
December 31, 1846. — Acknowledgment of despatches, orders, &c.
January 23, 1847. — Full copy furnished — series B.
"R. JONES, Adjutant General.
Adjutant General's Office,
February 6, 1847.
D.
Orders 1 Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 50. ) • Camp near Matamoras, Texas, April 23, 1846.
The commanding general has the painful duty of announcing to
the army that the doubt which has so long prevailed in regard to
the fate of the laie Colonel Cross has at len«ith been resolved into
the melancholy certainty of his death — there is too much reason
to fear, by violent hands.
The high rank of the deceased, and the ability and energy
"which he carried into the discharge of the important duties of his
offi.ce, will cause his loss to be seriously felt in the service, while
the untoward circumstances of his demise will render it peculiarly
affiicting to his family and personal friends.
The remains of the late colonel will be interred with military
honors at four o'clock, p. m., to-morrow. The funeral escort will
be composed of a squadron of dragoons and eight companies of
infantry — the latter to be taken from the 2d brigade, and the whole
to be organized and commanded by Colonel Twiggs.
The necessary arrang^^ments for the funeral ceremony will be
made by Lieutenant Colonel Payne, inspector general.
All officers off duty are respectfully invited to attend the funeral.
By order of Brigadier General Taylor.
W. W. S. BLTSS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders ? Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 53. \ Camp near Matamoras, Texas, April 29, 1846.
The great irnDortance of bringinff the field work into a state of
defence renders it necessary for the commanding general to call
486 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
upon the commanders of battalions and company officers to use all
their exertions to forward the work. Every man will be sent out
with the working battalions that is not detained by other indis-
pensable duty, and the battalion commanders will thtmselves super-
intend their commands, and cause all to do their duty.
A report will be made daily to head-quarters, from each brigade,
of the number of men sent to work from each battalion.
By order of Brigadier General Taylor:
W. W.. S. BLI-^S,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders ? Head-quarters, Army or Occupation,
No. 55. ) Camp near Matamoras, Ttxas^ May 1, 1846.
1. The 7th regiment of infantry, with companies I 2d. artillery,
and E 3d artillery, will form the garrison of the fort under Major
Brown, who wall receive special instiuctions for his government.
Captain Mansfield will remain with the work, and report to Major
Brown.
2. The remaining corps of the army will march as soon as prac-
ticable after 2 o'clock, p. m., this day. Captain McCall will
march with his detachment at 12. The army will march through,
the chapparal in the following order:
1 company dragoons, ^
5th ini'antry, I
Ringgold's artillery, ati i ii.' j r rt i i t" •
A^x.- c . -^ ' ^ All under the command of Colonel Iwiggs-
4th infantry, [ ^^
3d infantry,
2 companies dragoons.
8th infantry,
Duncan's artillery, 1 tt i t • . i. n i i -d n
. ,11 1 4.. T \ Under Lieutenant Colonel Belknap.
Artillery battalions, j ^
2 companies dragoons. J
The wagons w^ill be distributed between the different corps.
In the event of an attack while passing through the chapparal,
the alternate companies of the battalions nearest the point of
attack will face to the right and left, and enter the chapp.iral de-
ployed as skirmishers, driving back any force they may meet.
By order of Brigadier General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
J
Orders / Head-quarters, Army or Occupation,
No. 56. ^ Point Isabel^ Texas^ May 5, 1846.
In ovder to strengthen the defences at this depot, and enable the
army to assume the offensive, the alternate battalions of eai;h bri-
gade will work upon the entrenchments under the superintendence
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 487
of their officers, commencing to-morrow. The wings of the 5th
infantry will alternate in the same manner as the battalions of the
1st and 3d brigades. The morning battalions will work from 6^
initil 12|,and the evening battalions from 12^- until 6 o'clock, p. m.
By order of Brigadier General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders 1 Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 58. I Point Isabel^ Texas, May 7, 1846.
1. The army will march, at 3 o'clock, to-day, in the direction of
Matamoras. It is known that the enemy has recently occupied the
route in force; if still in position, the general will give him battle.
The commandin-g general has every confidence in his officers and
men. If his orders and instructions are carried out, he has na
doubt of the result, let the enemy meet him in what numbers he
may. He wishes to enjoin upon the battalions of infantry that their
main dependaiice must be in the bayonet.
2. Major Charles Thomas, quartermaster, is announced as the
chief of the quartermaster's department with the army of occupa-
tion. All officers of the department, and of the line serving in it,
will receive his orders and instructions. Major Thomas will remaia
for the present at this depot.
3. Captain Crosman, the senior assistant quartermaster, will have
charge of the operations of his department with the marching
force. All officers doing duty in that department with the march-
ing columns will receive the instructions of Captain Crosman.
4. Orders cornmunicated by the chief of the subsistence depart-
ment, and by officers of the engineers, topographical engineers and
ordnance, attached to head-quarters, wUl be obeyed and respected
as if delivere 1 by the commanding general in person.
By order of Brigadier General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders ? Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 59. ) Resaca de la Pahna, May 11, 1846.
1. The commanding general congratulates the army under his
command upon the signal success which has crowned its recent
operations against the enemy. The coolness and steadiness of the
troops during the action of the 8ih, and the brilliant impetuosity
with which the enemy's position and artillery were carried on the
9th, have displayed the best qualities of the American soldier. To
every officer and soldier of his cammand the general publicly re-
turns his thanks, for the noble manner in which they have sustained
the honor of the service, and of the country. While the main body
488 Ex. Doc. No. 60. ^
of the army has been thus actively employed, the garrison left op-
posite Matamoras has rendered no less distinguished service, by
sustaining a severe cannonade and bombardment for many succes-
sive days. The army and the country, while justly rejoicing in
this triumph of our arms, will deplore ihe loss of many brave offi-
cers and men, who fell gallantly in the hour of combat.
2. It being necessary for the commanding general to visit Point
Isabel on public business. Colonel Twiggs will assume command of
the corps of the army near Matamoras, including the garrison of
the field-work. He will occupy the former lines of the army,
making such disposition for defence, and for the comfort of his
command, as he -may deem advisable. He will hold himself strictly
on the defensive until the return of the commanding general.
By order of Brigadier General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLTSS,
Assista7it Adjutant General.
Orders ) Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
2^0. 60. \ Fort Polk J Texas, May 12, 1846.
As a mark of respect to the Chief Magistrate of the republic, the
"work constructed at this place, to cover the main depot of the
army, will be known as " Fort Polk."
The .commanding general takes this occasion to express his satis-
faction with the dispositions made for the defence and protection of
this point, so vitally important to the efficiency and security of the
array. To Major Monroe, the commanding officer. Captain SanderS;
of the engineers, Majors Thomas and McRee, and Captains Sibley
and Hill, of the quartermaster's department. Captain Ptamsey, of
the ordnance, and Lieutenant Montgomery, of the subsistence de-
partment, credit is especially due for their zeal and activity. The
general returns his thanks to the numerous citizens who volunteered
thair services in the defence of the depot. Their assistance added
materially to its strength, and to his confidence in its ability to
resist an attack. The reinforcement from the brig " Lawrence,"
under Lieutenant Renshaw, and the large force of seamen and ma-
rines so promptly furnished by the squadron on its arrival, requires
a special acknowledgment to Commodore Connor and Commander
Mercer of, the navy. The army is deeply grateful for this support
and cooperation from a kindred branch of the public service.
By order of Brigadier General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders ? Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
JVo. 61. ) Camp near jylaiamoras^ Texas, May 15, 1846.
The corps of the army will be held ready to march at 1 o'clock.
p. m., to-day. Lieutenant Bragg's battery will rejoin the 3d bri~
I
Ex. D,ic. No. 60. 489
ga(le,and march with it. The usual order of march will be ob-
served.
The 8lh infantry and Captain Lowd's company of artillery will
remain as the garrison of the field-work.
The two 18-pounders lately under the command of Lieutenant
Churchill will again be placed under his direction, and will ac-
company the army. Lieutenant Wood, topographical engineers,
will report to Lieutenant Churchill for service with these guns.
By order of Brigadier General Taylor:
W. W.'S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders 1 Head-qtjartkrs, Army of Occupation,
!No. 62. ) Camp near Fort Brown, Texas, May 17, 1846.
1. In memory of the gallant commander who nobly fell in its
defence, the field-work constructed by the labor of the troops op-
posite Matarfloras will be known as '• Fort Brown."
The commanding general takes this occasion to express his ac-
knowledgments to the engineer department for tfie skilful direc-
tion, and to the officers and troops of the line for the energetic ex-
ecution, of the works at Fort Brown. In enabling a small force
to maintain intact a position on the river surrounded by more
tliousands of enemies than they numbered hundreds, the importance
and value of the work is eminently shown.
2. The commanding general is pained to find himself under the
recessity of issuing orders on the subject of plundering private
property. Instances have been brought to his knowledge where
volunteers have seized private cat*:le, and sold them for their private
benefit. Such conduct will not be tolerated. The general wishes
to impress it distinctly upon every officer and soldier of his com-
Biand, whether of the regular or volunteer force, that all property
captured from the enemy becomes from that moment the property
of the L^nited States, and must be turned over to the proper de-
partment. All cattle and articles of subsistence will be delivered
to the commissary, all arms and ammunition to the ordnance offxCer,
and all means of transportation to the quartermaster's department.
Any officer who may be found violating or sanctioning a violation
of this order shall answer for it before a court martial. Any reg-
ular soldier detected in violating its provisions shall be brought to
trial; and any volunteer soldier so detected will be instantly dis-
charged with disgrace -from the service. The commanding gt-neral
is determined that the army under his command shall not be dis-
graced by scenes of plunder.
By order of Brigadier General Taylor:
W. V/. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 491
named privates, most, if not all, of whom participated in those
services, but who are now under charges for a general court
martial, aie restored to dutv without trial; the commanding gen-
eral being pleased to withdrp'v the charges against them.
James Cahill, B company. "j
John Brown, ? t-, !■ 2d dragoons.
-p. n ,^ M' • company. °
Uan. Lreltsen, ^ J
Oswald Bury, ? ^^ o i ^■^^
T> Tj 1 u i J^- company, 6d artillery.
F. Holcomb, J f j ^ j
Thomas Joice, B company, 4th infantry.
James Hamilton, D company, ? p;,, • ^ , .
D- I r 1 Tr / "-/(.ii iniantry.
avui Lands, H. company, ) '
James Gerard, A. company, 7th infantry.
The general trusts that this exercise of clemency, which is extend-
ed to some cases of a grave nature, w^ill have the effect of stimula-
ting these men to exemplary conduct in future.
2. The guard at the ferry, composed of two non-commissioned
officers and ten privates, will, alter to-day, be furnished by the
corps of infantry under command of Colonel Twiggs. The non-
commissioned officer in command of the guard, will report to the
senior quartermaster for instructions.
By order of Brigadier General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
ji. A. General.
Orders ) Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. ,73.'^ Matamoras, June 7, 1S46.
1. Captain A. C. Myers, jissistant quartermaster, will have the
exclusive charge and direction of the supply tram, receiving his
orders from head-quarters and the chief of his department. He
will be relieved in all other duties and responsibilities.
2. The established ferry near the round battery will be in ope-
ration only between sunrise and sunset, making no trips after sun-
set, except in cases ordered by the commanding general, or for the
crossing of expresses with the mail, or despatches from head-quar-
ters. The proper load for each trip will be determined by the
agent of the quartermas'.er's department who may be in charge.
By order of Brigadier General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS.;
Orders ) Head-quarters, Army of Occr'^'^^° ' .(?
No. 74. J Matamoras,J^'''^^^^^^
1. The court of inquiry, of which Maj.or ^j f l",f-^'^V6 ^
fantry, is president, convened pursuant to "^"rderb V,- ' .
rent series, at the request of Captain W. J. Hardee, 2d diagoc
492 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
"to examine into the nature of certain imputations affecting his
character, as connected with his conduct in the engagement be-
tween Captain Thornton's command and the Mexicans on the 25th
■ultimo, and also to examine and report upon certain statements
contained in his official report of said engagement," have pro-
nounced the following opinion:
"1st. That the conduct of Captain W. J. Hardee, of the 2d regi-
ment of dragoons, in the affair of the 25th of April, 1846, between
Captain Thornton's command and the Mexican forces, was in all
respects that of an intelligent and gallant soldier; that he did all
in his power, by word and deed, to sustain his commanding officer
in the discharge of his duty; and, that any imputations against his
character, growing out of his conduct as connected with that af-
fair, are utterly without foundation.
"2(lly. That the official report of Captain Hardee to the com-
manding general ' of the army of occapation, dated Matamoras,
April 26, is correct in ail its particulars."
2. The proceedings and opinion of the court are approved.
3. The court of inquiry, of which Major Thomas Staniford, 5th
infantry, is president, is hereby dissolved.
By order of Brigadier General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
A. A. General.
Orders ? - Head-quarters, Army or Occupation,
!No. 76. ) ' Matamoras, June 16, 1846.
It becomes the agreeable duty of the commanding general to
communicate to the corps of the army under his orders, the ac-
companying resolutions of the legislature of Louisiana. They will
be read at the head of each battalion and separate command.
The general has also recei-ved resolutions passed at large public
meetings in the cities of K^ew York and New Orleans, of a tenor
similar to the above. He is sure that the officers and soldiers of
the army will duly appreciate these marks of approbation and con-
fidence from the body of the people and their representatives, and
that they will find in them new motives for zeal and exertion in
the discharge of their duties.
By order of Brigadier General Taylor,
W. W. S. BLISS,
A. A. General. ,
Orders )
"i^o 11 C Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
^ Matamoras, June 17, 1846.
^ ■..■ !?^t!\- ^^P'sented to the commanding g-eneral, by the au-
orities of IVTnf Ob ^ J _
V s, that Mexican servants, who, according to
om ot the couii'-jy, are paid in advance, have, in several
th
the
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 493
instances, left the sej-vice of their masters and taken refuge in the
American camp. The general wishes to caution officers, and all
persons connected with the army, against the employment of such
servants, and to say that, where recognised and claimed on this
side of the river, they will, in all cases, be given up to their for-
mer masters.
^By order of Brigadier General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
A. A. General.
Orders ) Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 78. \ Matamoras, June 27, 1846.
The following letter from the President of the United States to
the commandinggeneral is communicated, in obedience to its closing
paragraph, to the army of occupation, and will b£ read .at the head
of each company:
Washington, May 30, 1846.
"Sir: I transmit to you, herew^ith, a commission as major gen-
eral by brevet in the army of the United States, conferred upon you
for gallant and distinguished services in the successive victories
over superior Mexican forces at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma
on the 8th and 9th days of May, 1846.
"It gave me sincere pleasure, immediately upon the receipt of
official intelligence from the scene of your achievements, to confer
upon you, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, this
testimonial of the estimate which your government places upon
your skill and gallantry. To yourself and the brave officers and
soldiers under your command the gratitude of the country is justly
due. Our army have fully sustained their deservedly high reputa-
tion, and added another bright page to the history of American
valor and patriotism. They have Won new laurels for themselves
and for their country. My confidence in them never faltered. The
battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma rank among our most
\ brilliant victories, and will long be remembered by the American
people. When all the details of these battles and of the noble de-
fence of the camp opposite Matamoras shall have been received it
will be my pleasure, as it will be my grateful duty, to render to
the officers and men under your command suitable testimonials for
their conduct in the brilliant victories which a superintending
Providence has enabled them to achieve for their country.
"In transmitting to you this commission, and in communicating
to the officers and soldiers under your command my profound sense
of their meritorious services, I but respond to the patriotic enthu-
siasm manifested by the people in behalf of their brave defenders.
Whilst my warmest thanks are tendered to the survivors, the nation
mourns the loss of the brave officers and soldiers who fell in de-
fence of their country upon the field of victory. Their names
494 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
shall be rememhered and appropriate honors be paid to their mem-
ory by a grateful country.
"You will cause this communication to be made known to the
army under your command.
"JAMES K. POLK."
By order of Ma^or General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General,
Orders ? Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 82. ] Matamoras^ July 6, 1846.
1. Lieutenant Colonel H. TF/wh'wg-, deputy quartermaster generaly.
having reported to the commanding general, is announced to the
army as chief of the quartermaster's department, and will be obeyed
and respec^ted accordingly. All officers of that department, ^or of
the line doing duty in it, will report to Lieut. Col. Whiting, and
receive his orders and instructions.
2. Captain W. G. Williams, corps of topographical engineers,
having reported to the commanding general, is announced to the
army as chief of that corps serving with it, and will be obeyed and
respected accordingly. Officers of topographical engineers will re-
port to Captain Williams, and receive his orders and instructions.-
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders ? Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 90. I Matamoras, July 20. 1846.
1. Captain Taylor's company (K) 1st light artillery will be held
ready to receive and serve a harnessed battery of four guns. With
a view to receive its materiel, and to perfect its organization with
more facility, the company will proceed by the river route to Point
Isabel, where it will at once commence its instruction and prepare
for field service. The quartermaster's department will furnish the
proper transportation.
2. Captain Webster's company (C) 1st artillery is assigned to
the service of the heavy gun battery and the train of artilleryj
under the direction of the chief of artillery, to whom it will be at
once reported by its captain.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant Generals
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 495
Orders ? Head-quarters, Army or Occupation,
No. 91. I Matamoras, July 21 y 1846.
1. It having been decided by the War Department that the
Louisiana volunteers composing General Smith's brigade, the St.
Louis legion, and the three companies from Alabama, under Cap-
tains Desha, Piatt, and Elmore, cannot be legally retained beyond
the period of three months, and a large number of them having ex-
pressed a wish for their discharge, they will be furnished as rapidly
as possible with transportation to New Orleans, and will there be
mustered out of service by Captain McCall, 4th infantry, who is
specially detailed for that duty.
2. It having been also decided by the War Department that the
regiments of Louisiana volunteers, commanded by Colonels Peyton
and Featherston, and the battalion from Alabama, under Lieutenant
Colonel Raiford, are not in service under any existing law, they
will, agreeably to instructions from the Secretary of War, be trans-
ported to New Orleans, and there mustered out of service as above.
3. The volunteer troops above indicated will take their arms and
accoutrements, knapsacks ^nd haversacks, to New Orleans, where
they will be turned over to the proper departments. Their camp
equipage of every kind will be turned over to the quartermaster at
JBrazos island as they embark.
4. The regiments under command of General Smith will be pre-
pared for embarkation in such order as he may prescribe. The
other regiments will embark after General Smith's command, and
in the order in which they joined the army.
5. At the same time that the Department of War has found itself
under the necessity of ordering the discharge of the above regi-
ments and companies, it makes provision for the retention of such
as may be willing to serve for twelve months or during the v/ar,
under the act of May 13, 1846. Any companies or battalions that
may offer for such periods will be received by the commanding
general and duly mustered into service. The organization of a
company will be 1 captain, 1 1st lieutenant, 1 2d lieutenant, 4 ser-
g-eants, 4 corporals, 2 musicians, and a number of privates not less
than 64, nor more than 80.
6. Individual volunters who may desire to remain with the army
for employment in the quartermaster's department, or elsewhere,
will be permitted to do so, being mustered absent when the rolls
are made up in New Orleans.
7. In thus executing the instructions of the War Department to
discharge a large number of patriotic volunteers, the commanding
general would do violence to his feelings were he to omit the ex-
pression of regret that these brave men have been disappointed in
their wish to meet the enemy, and must now, under an inevitable
necessity, be discharged from the service. The general cannot
forget that, with an enthusiasm seldom exhibited in any country,
they were the first to flock to his standard when he was menaced
with a superior force^ that, with a generous disregard of self, they
sacrificed the higiiest personal interests to aid in sustaining the
496 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
reputatior of the American arms. Their prompt and gallant move-
ment to the seat of war will be held in grateful remembrahce by
tl^eir comrades in the regular service. The commanding general
wishes them a safe voyage and happy return to their families and
friends.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders } Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 93. \ Matamoras, July 30, 1846.
1. The commanding general being about to leave for Camargo,
the following arrangement for regulating the movements of the
troops, and the service generally, in the rear, are announced for
the government of all concerned.
2. Four companies of artillery, under the command of Brevet
Major Erownj now under orders for Camargo, will be the first to
ascend the river. They will be followed as rapidly as transporta-
tion'can be provided by the following corps, in the order named:
Louisville legion, Colonel Ormsby.
Baltimore and Washington battalion. Lieutenant Colonel Watson.
Ohio brigade. Brigadier General Hamer.
Second Kentucky regiment, Colonel McKee.
Mississippi regiment. Colonel Davis.
First Tennessee regiment. Colonel Campbell.
Alabama regiment, Colonel Coffee.
Georgia regiment, Colonel Jackson.
Second Tennessee regiment, Colonel .
3. The Indiana brigade and the regiment from Missouri and Illi-
nois will remain below until further orders. The regiments of
Texas volunteers will receive particular orders for their movement.
4. Brigadier General Hamer is assigned to the command of the
Ohio brigade. He will designate one of the regiments to proceed
immediately by water to Maiamoras, and take such position as may
be indicated by Colonel Clarke, commanding in the town, to whom
the colonel of the regiment will report for orders.
5. The first four corps destined for Camargo, viz: the Louisville
legion, Baltimore battalion, and two regiments Ohio volunteers,
will send their heavy baggage forward by water, with four compa-
nies of each regiment and two of the Baltimore battalion- The
remaining companies of each corps, with their lig t baggage, will
take up the line of march for Camargo as soon as provided witli
wagons by the quartermaster's department — say by the 10th Au-
gust.
G. The other corps destined for Camargo, viz: the Tennessee,
Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia regiments, and the 2d Kentucky
rec^imeni, wall move forward by water as rapidly as practicable, in
the order prescribed in the second paragraph.
7. Brigadier General Twiggs will remain at Matamoras in com-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 497
maml t)f all the troops in the vicinity, until the last volunteer regi-
ment shall pass up by land, when he will move forward with the
dragoons and horse artillery to Camargo. On his departure. Colonel
Clarke will assume command of all the troops in and near Mata-
moras, on both banks of the river. Colonel Clarke will receive
special instructions for his government in this command. In the
mean time, the ordnance department will comply with his requisi-
tions for such ordnance and ordnance stores as may be necessary to
arm the different works.
8. The artillery and train of the 3d brigade, with the rear com-
panies, will march by the 5th of August, under Lieutenant Colonel
Garland.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders ? Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 94. ) Matamoras, August 2, 1846.
No spirituous liquors will be permitted to enter the river or the
city of Matamoras, for, the purposes of barter or traffic, on account
of any person whatever, whether sutlers in the army or private
dealers. Any liquors found, in violation of this order, will be
confiscated and sent to the quartermaster in New Orleans, to be
sold — one-half of the proceeds for the benefit of the informi;nt, the
other half to be applied to the support of the hospital department.
The merchants in Matamoras will be permitted to vend the liquors
they may actually have on hand, but to receive no new supplies.
The commanding general issues this order under the sanction of
the general government, and calls upon all officers to give their aid
m executing its pro.visions. . The quartermaster's department and
Colonel Clarke will take the necessary measures to have it com-
municated to the persons interested — particularly to the dealers in
Matamoras and the masters of all public transports or other vessels
in the river. Any steamboat captains, or other hired persons, that
are found violating it, will be at once discharged from the service
.By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General,
Orders ? Head-quarters, Army or Occupation,
No. 96. 5 Camargo, August 4, 18i6.
Statements exhibiting the name of every commissioned officer and
enlisted man engaged in the affairs of the 8th and 9th of May, and
in the defence of Fort Brown, will be furnished to head-quarters
with as little delay as practicable. These statements will be made
by companies, consolidated at regimental or battalion head quarters,
and transmitted through chiefs of brigades, where corps are bri-
32
498 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
gaded together. In addition to the names of the men, the state-
ments will set forth, in the column of remarks, the killed, wounded,
and died of v>-ounds, and especially all Uistances of particular good
conduct among the enlisted men. It is important that these state-
ments be drawn up with the utmost accuracy and completeness.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders ) Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 98. \ CamargOj August 17, 1846.
1. The battalion of the 1st infantry, commanded by Lieutenant
Colonel Wilson, will be brigaded with the 2d infantry on the arri-
val of any portion of the latter corps — forming the 4^/i brigade of
infantry. The remaining brigades will retain their organization as
established at Corpus Christi, and also their numerical designation,
without regard to the rank of their commander.
2. The regular cavalry, Captain Ridgely's battery of horse ar-
tillery, and the 3d and 4th brigades of infantry, wii' constitute the
1st division of regular troops, to be commanded by Brigadier Gen-
eral Twiggs.
3. The 1st and 2d brigades of infantry will constitute the 2d
division, to be commanded by Brevet Brigadier Gejieral Worth.
4. Colonel P. F. Smith, regiment of mounted rifienienj is assigned
to the command of the 2d brigade, and will enter at once upon his
duties.
5. In anticipation of his promotion, Major Staniford is assigned
to the 8th infantry, and will at once take command of the regiment,
being relieved by Captain Scott in that of the 5th infantry.
By order of Major General Taylor: ■
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders ) Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 99. \ Camargo, August 17, 1846.
1. The troops will be held in readiness for an iromeuiaie move-
ment in the direction of Monterey. A depoi. will be istiiblished on
the Mier route at Serralvo, whither the 1st brigade will move and
take up a position — marching, if the weather permit, on the 19th
instant.
2. Such amount of provisions and other supples will be thrown
forward to Serralvo as may be determined r' i.ead-quarttrs. Two
companies of Colonel Wood's regiment of Tex -^ '.o-Sf wH be held
ready to accompany the command, and esco, i the tram oi pa. k
mules on its return,- and will be reported to General Worth for
that purpose to-morrow.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 499
3. Captain Blanchard's company of Louisrana volunteers will be
incorporated in the 2d brigade, its captain reporting to Colonel
Smith.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders \ Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 100. I Camargo, August 20, 1846.
1. The force of twelve-months volunteers, ordered to this fron-
tier, has been organized into divisions and brigades by the President
of the United States, as follows:
First Division:
To be commanded by Major General William O. Butler.
Kentucky quota.
One mounted regiment, ) ■, . i • ,
rr, ■ ^ c r ,. } ^st brigade.
Iwo regiments oi toot, \ °
Ohio quota.
Three regiments of foot — 2d brigade.
Indiana quota.
Three regiments of foot — 3d brigade.
Second Division:
To be commanded by Major General Robert Patterson.
Illinois and Missouri quota, in part.
Two regiments of foot from Illinois, \ ^^^ f,y{gade. '
One regiment of foot from Missouri, ^ ^
Tennessee quota.
One regiment of mounted men, ) ^^ ^^^^ .^
Two regiments of toot, ) °
Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi quotas.
Three regiments of foot, (one from each State ) ) 3^ j,,- ^^^^
Washington and Baltimore battalion ot toot, J °
2. The brigadier generals appointed pursuant to the act approved
June 26, 1846, are assigned to commands as follows: "1
500 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
' Brigadier General Thomas Marshall, 1st brigade, "j
Brigadier General Thomas L. Hamer, 2d do j- 1st division^
Brigadier General Joseph Lane, 3d do j .
Brigadier General James Shields, 1st brigade, ")
Brigadier General Gideon Pillow, 2d do } 2d division.
Grigadier General John A. Quitman, 3d do j
3. The general officers above announced will enter upon the
duties of their respective commands.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders \ Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 102, \ CamargOy August 22, 1846.
Major H. L. Kinney, quartermaster of the Texas volunteers^ is
assigned to the general charge of the conductors of the mule supply
train, and will receive his orders only from the commanding gen-
eral in chief of the quartermaster's department.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders ? Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 105. ) Camargo, August 24, 1846.
The 2d brigade will take up the line of march in the direction
of Serralvo, halting at Puntiagudo, or as near that point as the
facilities of camping will permit. A wagon train of provisions will
accompany the brigade, and will be sent forward to Serralvo, where
the provisions will be properly stored and secured. A company of
dragoons will be reported this day to Colonel Smith to accompany
his march, guard the wagon train to Serralvo, and return with it to
head-quarters. Captain Sibley, assistant quartermaster, will pro-
ceed with the train to Serralvo, and return with it to Camargo.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders } Head-quarters, Army cf Occupation,
No. 108. I Camargo, August 28, 1846.
1. The limited means of transportation, and the uncertainty in
regard to the supplies that may be drawn from the theatre of opera-
tions, imposes upon the commanding general the necessity of taking
into the field, in the first instance, only a moderate portion of the
volunteer force now under his orders.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 501
2. In addition to the mounted regiments from Texas, four regi-
ments of volunteer infantry will be held ready for the march, constitu-
ting two brigades and one division, to be commanded by Major
General Butler. The 1st Kentucky and 1st Ohio regiments will
form the first field brigade, under the command of Brigadier Gen-
eral Hamerj the 1st Tennessee, and another regiment, to be here-
after designated, will form the 2d field brigade, to be commanded
by Brigadier General Quitman.
3. The regiments designated will be reduced to a strength of 500
men each, exclusive of officers, by leaving behind all sick and
disabled men, and all who shall not be deemed capable of under-
going the fatigues and privations of the campaign. These selec-
tions will be made under the direction of Major General Butler in
the 1st, and of the brigadier generals in the 2d divisions — a board
of medical officers being convened in all doubtful cases. It is for
the good of the service and the reputation of each regiment that the
selections be rigid.
4. In announcing the above arrangements, the commanding gen-
eral feels that he is disappointing the hopes of many regiments and
superior officers, who looked forward to a participation in the cam-
paign. But they will see that he is controlled by the necessities of
the case, and that it is impossible to gratify the wishes of all. The
selections have been made solely with a view to promote the inter-
ests of the service, and the successful prosecution of the war with
present means. The general hopes that, after penetrating the
country and ascertaining its resources, he shall be able to bring
forward other corps now unavoidably left in rear.
5. The volunteer regiments remaining at this place will be tem-
porarily brigaded for instruction and camp service.
The 2d Kentucky and Ohio regiments coming under the command
of Brigadier General Marshall, and the other regiments or battalions
under that of Brigadier General Pillow, the command will be ex-
ercised by Major General Patterson, or, in his absence, by the
senior brigadier general, who will take measures to institute a rigid
system of police and discipline.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutaiit General.
Orders ) Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 109. 5 Camargo, August 29, 1846.
1. fAnnounces the arrival of Colonel Croghan, inspector gen-
eral.T
2. [Directs the muster of volunteers.]
3. The allowance of transportation for the coming march has
been regulated as follows:
To each division and brigade head-quarters, 1 wagon.
To the field and staff of each regiment or battalion, 4 pack mules.
502 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
To the officers of each company, if not more than three, 1 p.ack
mule.
To the officers of each company, if more than three, 2 pack mules.
To every 8 non-commissioned officers, musicians, and privates,
1 pack mule.
Three wagons in addition will be assigned to each regiment —
one for the transportation of water, and two for the transportation
of such articles as cannot be packed on mules.
4. Generals commanding divisions, and officers commanding de-
tached brigades and regiments of volunteers, are authorized to dis-
charge men on surgeons' ceriificate of disability for service. [See
paragraphs 130 to 134, general regulations.]
5. The resignations of officers of volunteers will be forwarded
to head-quarters for the action of the commanding general. After
notification of acceptance, elections will be duly held to fill the
vacancies thus occasioned.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
u'issistant Adjutant General.
Orders ? Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. no. I Camargo, August 30, 1846.
1. The 3d brigade and Lieutenant Colonel Wilson's battalion of
infantry will take up the line of march in the direction of Ser-
ralvo, as soon as the necessary arrangements are completed. On
reaching Puntiagudo this command will relieve the 2d brigade,
which will then move forward to Serralvo. The provision train
will be escorted by this column to Puntiagudo, and thence to Ser-
ralvo by the 2d brigade. It will remain at the latter point until
further orders.
2. The field division of volunteers under command of Major
General Butler will be prepared to commence crossing the river
on Thursday, and take up the march as soon thereafter as practi-
cable.
By order of Major General Taylor;
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders \
No. 111. ]
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
CamarsOj August 31, 1846.
1. No portion of the 2d infantry having arrived in time to take
up the march for the interior. Lieutenant Colonel Watson's bat-
talion of volunteers will be temporarily brigaded with the 1st in-
fantry. Lieutenant Colonel Watson will report to Brigadier Gen-
eral Twiggs for orders. The 1st infantry will suspend its forward
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 503
movement until the entire brigade (4th) shall be in readiness to
move.
2. To increase the facilities for proper attendance and accommo-
dation of the sick belonging to the regiments below, Surgeon
Wood, at Point Isabel, and Surgeon Wright, at Matamoras, will
hire such additional private physicians as may be required by the
wants of the service in their respective hospitals. The accommo-
dations for the sick will be increased at either place by the quar-
termaster's department to the extent deemed necessary by the sur-
geon in charge, without instructions from head-quarters.
3. Colonel Clarke, commanding at Matamoras, and Major Gard-
ner, commanding at Point Isabel, are authorized to grant dis-
charges to such volunteers in the general hospital at these places
as may receive surgeon's certificate of disability. This provision
is rendered indispensable by the number of volunteers so situated,
and the distance of the hospitals from the proper authority to grant
discharges. Volunteers thus discharged will be paid in all cases
where their papers admit.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders 1 Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 112. \ Camargo^ September 2, 1846.
The Mississippi regiment of volunteers will constitute a portion
of the 2d field brigade under Brigadier General Quitman, and will
be organized under his direction for field service.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders ? Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 113. ^ . CamargOy September 4, 1846.
1. Colonel George Croghan, inspector general, is announced as
the chief of the inspector general's department with the army
of occupation, and is charged accordingly with all the duties con-
fided to that office by the general regulation, and the usage of the
service. All officers assigned to duty in that department will re-
port to Colonel Croghan, and receive his orders and instructions.
2. On his arrival. Major General Patters^on will assume the com-
mand of all the troops at this place, and also those left in rear at
Matamoras and other points.
3. The 2d Kentucky and 2d Ohio regiments, with the volunteers
from those States left behind by the marching regiments, will form
a temporary brigade, under command of Brigadier General Mar-
shallj the 2d Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama regiments, with
504 Ex, Doc. No. 60.
the volunteers left behind by Lieutenant Colonel Watson's battal-
ion, and the Mississippi regiment will form another brigade, under
command of Brigadier General Pillow. These troops will be en-
camped under direction of Major General Patterson, who will es-
tablish all needful guards for the protection of the public depots,
and institute the necessary measures for the police and instruction of
his command.
4. Major General Patterson is specially charged with the neces-
sary provision for the care of the sick in the various camps and
hospitals. He is fully empowered to procure any additional med-
ical aid that may be required, and generally to adopt all meas-
ures that may be necessary to restore and secure the health of
the troops. In the absence of the commanding general, he is also
authorised to grant permission to leave the country, to all officers
of volunteers who may resign in consequence of sickness; their
resignations being forwarded to head-quarters.
5. A strong company of volunteers, to be selected by Major Gen-
eral Patterson, for its discipline and instruction, will proceed to
Reinosa, and report to Captain Swartwout, as a part of the garrison
of that place.
6. The necessary orders and instructions for stated musters of
the troops of his command will be given by Major General Pat-
terson.
7. Colonel Riley's command, on its arrival, will be detained at
this place until further ord<^,rs. Major General Patterson will fur-
nish, from the regular troops of his command, escorts for all con-
voys of money sent forward to the army.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders } Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No, 115. ) Serralvoj September 11, 1846.
1. As the army may expect to meet resistance in its further ad-
vance towards Monterey, it is necessary that the march should
he conducted with all proper precautions to meet attack, and to
secure the baggage and supplies. From this point the following
will be the order of march until otherwise directed:
2. All the pioneers of the army, consolidated into one party,
will march early to-morrow, on the route to Marin, for the purpose
of repairing the road and rendering it practicable for artillery and
wagons. The pioneers of each division will be under a subaltern
to be specially detailed for the duty, and the whole will be under
the command of Captain Craig, 3d infantry, wh(f will report at
head-quarters for instructions. This pioneer party will be covered
by a squadron of dragoons and Captain McCulloch's company of
rangers. Two officers of topographical engineers, to be detailed
by Captain Williams, will accompany the party for the purpose of
examining the route. Tvyo wagons will be provided by the quar-
Ex. Doc. No 60. 505
termaster's department f.or the transportation of the tools, provi-
sions and knapsacks of the pioneers.
3. The 1st division will march on the 13th, to be followed on
successive days by the 2d division and field division of volunteers.
The head-quarters will march with the 1st division. Captain Gil-
lespie, with half of his company, will report to Major General But-
ler; the other half, under the first lieutenant, to Brigadier General
Worth. These detachments will be employed for outposts and
videttes, and as expresses between the columns and head-quarters.
4. The subsistence supplies will be divided between the three
columns, the senior commissary of each division receipting for the
stores, and being charged with their care and management. The
senior commissaries of divisions will report to Captain Waggaman
for this duty.
5. Each division will be followed immediately by its baggage
train and supply ^rain, with a strong rear guard. The ordnance
train, under Captain Ramsay, will march with the 2d division,
between its baggage and supply trains, and will come under the
protection of the guards of that division. The medical supplies
will, in like manner, march with the 1st division.
6. The troops will take eight days' rations, and forty rounds of
ammunition. All surplus arms and accoutrements, resulting from
casualties on the road, will be deposited with Lieutenant Stewart,
left in charge of the depot at this place, who will give certificates
of deposite to the company commanders.
7. The wagons appropriated for the transportation of water will
not be required, and will be turned over to the quartermaster's de-
partment, for general purposes.
8. Two companies of the Mississippi regiment will be de-
signated for the garrison of this depot. All sick and disabled
men, unfit for the march, will be left behind, under charge of a
medical oflficer, to be selected for this duty by the medical director.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders \ Head-quarters, Army of Occupation, " ^
No. 118. ^ Camp near Marin j September 16, 1846.
The commanding general embraces the opportunity aflforded by
the concentration of the corps of the regular army, to communicate
to them (in orders) the accompanying extracts of resolutions
adopted by the general assemblies of the States of Connecticut and
Rhode Island, at their last sessions, and received by him, through
the governors of those States, since the army broke up its camp at
Matamoras.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.''
506 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
'Orders ? Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 119. ) Camp near Marin, September 17, 1846.
1. The corps of the army will march to-morrow in the direction
of Monterey. The following will be the order of march:
The advance, consisting of McCulloch's and Gillespie's compa-
nies of rangers, and a squadron of dragoons, will march at 5^
o'clock. The pioneer party will be broken up, and the pioneers
will return to their regiments.
The 1st division will march at 6 oVlock, followed immediately
by its baggage, and one-half of the ordnance train. The head-quar-
ters will march with the 1st division.
The 2d division w411 march one hour after the 1st, followed in
like manner by its baggage and the remainder of the ordnance
train.
The 3d division will march one hour after the 2d, followed by
its baggage and the general supply train. The rear guard, to be
composed of two companies of regulars, one from each division,
will follow the supply train and close the march.
2. In case the Texas mounted volunteers, under Major Gen-
eral Henderson, should arrive in time, they will be thrown in ad-
vance, except four companies, which will form the rear guard in-
stead of the infantry above indicated. The dragoons in that case
will march with the 1st division. Four men from Captain Gilles-
pie's company will be attached to each of the rear divisions, (2d
and volunteers,) to be employed as expresses, &c.
3. The habitual order of battle will be as follows: The 1st divi-
sion on the right, the 2d division on the left, and the volunteer di-'
vision in the centre. The chiefs of divisions will organize such
reserves as they may deem necessary. The above order is not in-
variable, but may be controlled by the nature of the ground.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders ? Head-quarters, Army of Occupation, .
No. 120. ) San Francisco, September 18, 1846.
The Texan mounted troops, under Major General Henderson,
will form the advance of the army to-morrow, except two compa-
nies to compose the rear guard, no infantry being required for that
duty. The commanding officer of the new rear guard will report
to the commanding general for orders.
The advance will march at sunrise, to be followed at intervals of
one hour by the different divisions, in the order already announced.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 507
Orders ) Headquarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 121. ) Camp before Mo7itercy^ September 20, 1846.
1. The practice of firing siiaall arras in and about the camp is
strictly prohibited. When it may become necessary to unload
small arms of any description, the loads will be withdrawn, but in
no case discharged. The commanders of divisions are specially
charged with the execution of this order, and it is made the duty
of officers of every grade to use the most efficient measures for its
enforcement. Officers who may offend against its provisions will
be at once reported to the commanding general. All other per-
sons, whether soldiers or followers of the camp, will be at once
placed in confinement under charges.
2. The commanding general finds it necessary, also, to condemn
the practice which prevails of small unarmed parties, and even
individuals, strayingfrom the limits of the camp. No persons, except
officers or armed parties conducted by officers, will be suffered to
pass the exterior guards; and the several commanders will give
the necessary orders to secure an observance of this regulation.
An infantry picket will be thrown out from the 1st division upon
the Monterey road, at a distance of half a mile, whose duty it
shall be to apprehend all persons who may be found in that direction
violating this order.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders ^ Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 123. ^ Ccnnp near Monterey^ September 27, 1846.
The commanding general has the satisfaction to congratulate the
army under his command upon another signal triumph over the
Mexican forces.
Superior to us in numbers, strongly fortified, and with an im-
mense preponderance of artillery, they have yet been driven from
point to point, until forced to sue for terms of capitulation. Such
terms have been granted as were considered due to the gallant de-
fence of the town, and to the liberal policy of our own govern-
ment.
The general begs to return his thanks to his commanders and to
all his officers and men, both of the regular and volunteer forces,
for the skill, the courage, and the perseverance with which they
have overcome manifold difficulties, and finally achieved a victory
shedding lustre upon the American arms.
A great result has been obtained, but not without the loss of
many gallant and accomplished officers and brave men. The army
and the country will deeply sympathise with the families and
friends of those who have thus sealed their devotion with their
lives. <♦
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General,
508 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Orders ) Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 124. ) Camp near Monterey^ October 1, 1846.'
1. The mounted troops from Texas having expressed a desire to
return home during the present cessation of active service, will be
mustered out of service and discharged to-morrow. The pay de-
partment is prepared to pay the regiments on presentation of pro-
per rolls. The 1st regiment quartered in town will be mustered
by Major Thomas, assistant adjutant general, with the exception
of McCulloch's and Gillespie's companies, already discharged.
The 2d regiment will be mustered by Colonel Belknap, and both
regiments at such hours as may be appointed by the colonels and
mustering officers.
2. The commanding general takes this occasion to express his
satisfaction with the efficient service rendered by the Texas volun-
teers during the campaign, and particularly in the operations around
Monterey; and he would especially acknowledge his obligations to
General Henderson, Generals Lamar and Burleson, and Colonels
Hays and Wood, for the valuable assistance they have rendered.
He wishes all the Texas volunteers a happy return to their families
and homes.
3. Colonel A. S. Johnson, who has served in the campaign as
inspector general of the volunteer division, is hereby honorably
discharged from the service. He will receive the thanks of the
commanding general for the important services rendered by him
in that capacity.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Mdjutant General.
Orders ) Heab quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 126. \ Camp near Monterey ^ October 5, 1846.
1. Lieutenant Colonel H. Clay, 2d regiment Kentucky volunteers,
is announced as extra aid-decamp of the commanding general.
All orders or instructions communicated by him will be obeyed and
respected accordingly.
2. Major G. A. McCall, assistant adjutant general, is assigned as
chief of the staff of Major General Patterson, to whom he will re-
port accordingly.
3. With a view to restrict the admission into the city of soldiers
belonging to the division encamped without, the following regula-
tions will be observed:
No soldier, except those quartered in Monterey, will be permitted
to enter the city without a written pass for the day from his cap-
tain, countersigned by the colonel of the regiment, and not more
than two such passes from any one company will be granted on the
same day. When it may become necessary to send parties to the
town on duty, they will always be conducted by an officer or non-
commissioned officer, and in the latter case a pass will be given by
Ex. Doc. No. 60. * 509
the colonel as above. Individual soldiers with passes, and parties
on duty, will enter the city and leave it by the road passing near
the east of the citadel, and by no other, and will be required to
leave the town before retreat.
This order will be read at the head of every company, and will
go into eftect to-morrow morning. The brigadier general com-
manding the 2d division will establish the necessary guards and
patrols ly. 'ts strict enforcement. All soldiers found in the city in
violation of us provisions will be placed in confinement, to be re-
leased only on the application of their colonels. The commanding
general calls upon officers of all grades to give their aid in carry-
ing out measures so essential to the due preservation of order and
the restoration of confidence among the citizens of Monterey.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders )^ Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 133. ( ' Camp near Monterey^ October 18, 1846.
1. In conformity with the provisions of "general orders" No. 41,
a clothing depot for the regular troops will be established at Ca-
margo, in addition to the one already existing at Point Isabel.
The latter will be the main depot, under the charge of Thomas G.
King, military storekeeper; the former will be under that of Cap-
tain L. T. Jamison, and will be supplied from the main depot. All
clothing in. both depots will be considered hereafter as a common
supply for the army, without reference to the regiments from which
received. Regimental officers receiving invoices of clothing from
the north, will forward them to the clothing officer at Point Isabel,
as directed in "orders" No. 70, current series. The articles of
uniform peculiar to different corps will be kept distinct.
2. Requisitions from troops in the field, in advance of .Camargo,
will be made by company commanders on the depot at that place;
from troops below, they will be made on the main depot. All such
requisitions must be approved by regimental or battalion com-
manders, who will be careful that they are not unnecessarily mul-
tiplied, and do not exceed in amount the absolute wants of the
service. Under the authority of "general orders" No. 41, the al-
lowance of boots is increased to five pair per annum.
3. None but undress uniform will be issued or required. The
dress caps, coats, &c., that may be in depot at Point Isabel will be
disposed of as the chief of the quartermaster's department may
direct. He will also give the necessary instructions to the officers
in charge of the clothing depots in regard to their duties, and will
see that, by timely requisitions on the north, the main depot at
Point Isabel is kept constantly supplied with clothing for the wants
of the army.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
510 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Orders ) Head quabters, Akmy of Occupation,
No. 135. ^ Cavrp near Monterey^ Ocfoher 26, 1846.
1. Surgeon C. A. Finley^ having reported to the commanding
general, is assigned to duiy as medical director of the. arujy, and
will accordingly relieve Surgeon Craig with as little delay as prac-
ticable.
2. The regiments and battalions of the regular army will be
mustered by their com.manders on the 31st instant. The companies
serving with harnessed batterips, and Captain Blanchard's company
of volunteers, will be musiert d as may be Jirected by the com-
manding general's of divisions, >vho will likewise prescribe the
hour for the muster of all the corps under their command. Hos-
pital stewards and attendants of the 1st division at hospitals in the
city, will be mustered by their battalion cvjmmanders. Captain
Webster will muster his company (C, 1st artillery.)
3- The Maryland and D. C. battalion of volunteers will be jnus-
tered by Lieutenant Colonel Wilson's st■^if ndicer, under his direc-
tion. The regiments of the volunteer diw-ion will be mustered by
Colonel Croghan, inspector general, and Major Thomas, assistant
adjutant general, under the direction of lue former. Col. Croghan
will call to his assistance, in making :ii.s muster, Lieuts. Hooker
and Lovell, staff officers serving in tht; (\' /ision.
4. The supply of clothing received by the last train is sufficient
for the issue to each man of the ri?i^ular corps of one of the
following articles, viz:
Wool jackets; overalls, pairs; flannel shirts; stockings, pairs;
boots, pairs.
Consolidated requisitions from each division for such of these
articles as may now be required, not to exceed the above limit,
will be made on Captain Sibley, who will is^ue accordingly. The
forage Qaps, flannel drav.'ers, camp kettles, and mess pans, wUl be
issued according to a memorandum furnished to Captain Sib'ey.
All articles that may be found unfit for issue, such as boots of too
small size, will be returned to the quartermaster's department.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders ) Head-quarters, Aismy of Occupation,
No. 136. ) Camp necr Monttny, Jfovemher 1, 1846.
The melancholy duty devol/u- upon the commanding geuc'ral of
announcing to the army the decease of Major W. W. Lear, 3d
infantry, who expired yesterday of t>e wound received while gal-
lantry leading his regiment in tht action of 'he 21sf September.
A long and creditable service, e ii. n i. ■ i the war of 1812,
has thus been sadly but nobly c! ise,i. K rut 6,i geieroun m his
private relations, and, though lei''''e f en iue r>tvage> of pro-
tracted disease, faithful, zealous, and efficient lu the discharge of
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 511
duty, the relations and friends of the deceased major and the
service at large have sustained in hij death no ordinary loss.
The deceased will be- interred at 4 o'clock p. m. this day, with
the honors due to his rank. All oifieers off duty are respectfully
invited to attend his funeral at the head-quarters of his late regi-
ment, the 3d infantry.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assisfa7it Adjutant General.
Orders ) Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 139. ^ Camp near Monterey, JVovember 8, 1846.
1. Under instructions from the Department of War, the general-
in chief of the Mexican forces has been duly notified that the tem-
porary cessation of hostilities agreed upon at the convention of
Monterey will cease and determine from the 13th instant, after
which date the American forces will be free to cross the line of
demarcation established in said convention.
2. Saltillo, the capital of the State of Coahuila, will be occupied
by the United States troops. The following corps of the 2d
division will form the garrison in the first instance, to be increased
as circumstances may require: Lieutenant Colonel Duncan's bat-
tery, artillery battalion, (8 companies,) 8th infantry, 5th infantry,
and Captain Blanchard's company of Louisiana volunteers, the
whole to be commanded by Brig. Gen. Worth. Lieutenant Mac-
kail's battery, the 7th infantry, and one company of the artillery
battalion, (to be selected by General Worth,) will remain in Mon-
terey under command of ^Colonel Smith, regiment of mounted
riflemen.
3. The corps above designated for the occupation of Saltillo will
march under General Worth on the 12th instant. The commanding
general v^ill march at the same time with the two squadrons of the
2d dragoons under Lieutenant Colonel May. The troops will take
four rations in their haversacks. Rations of salt meat for ten days,
of bread for five days, and small rations for twenty days, will be
thrown forward at the same time.
4. Suitable arrangements wuli be made by the medical director
for the care of the invalids necessarily left behind by the 2d divi-
sion. They will be sent forward to their companies as rapidly as
they may recover health and strength.
5. The quartermaster's department will provide the necessary
transportation to carry out the above order.
By order of M;iior General Taylor:
' W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjxitant General,
512 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Orders ) Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 144. ) Camp near Monterey^ JVovemher 13, 1846.
1, During the absence of the commanding general the command
of all the troops in and near Monterey will be exercised by Briga-
dier General Twiggs.
2. The command of Colonel P. F. Smith, viz: Captain Taylor's
battery, one company (E) 1st artillery, and the 7th infantry, is
permanently detached from the 5d division, and will form for the
present the garrison of Monterey. Colonel Smith will establish
the necessary guards for the protection of the public property, and
the preservation of order in the town.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
.Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders ? Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 146. \ Camp near Monterey^ JYovcmber 27, 1846.
The many outrages that have been recently committed in the
city of Monterey, and elsewhere, upon the persons and property of
Mexican citizens, render it necessary to restrict the extensive use
of riding animals among the rank and file of the army. It is there-
fore ordered that all horses, mules, or donkeys, in possession of
non-commissioned officers, musicians, privates, or laundresses of
the various regiments, shall be sold, or otherwise disposed of, be-
fore the 1st of December, after which date none will be tolerated
in their possession. The officers of the inspector general's depart-
ment will see to the execution of this order, and will cause all
animals found in violation of its provisions to be turned over to the
quartermaster's department, to be disposed of for the benefit of the
hospitals. It will be read at the head of every company.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders ? Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 149. ) Camp near Monterey, December 2, 1846.
1. The regiment of mounted riflemen being considered, under in-
structions from the Department of War, as cavalry troops, though
now serving temporarily on foot, will be posted accordingly when
in line with other corps. The companies of the regiment serving
in the field will be mounted as soon as the circumstances of the
service will permit.
2.' Grave complaints have come to the commanding general
touching depredations alleged to have been committed near Marin
and Ramos, by troops and armed parties passing on the road. The
general is therefore under the necessity of calling the attention of
* Ex. Doc. No. 60. 513
all officers commanding escorts, or other bodies of troops, and of
all discharged men, or others who may travel armed between this
point and Caraargo, to the gr»^at importance of respecting the
rights of all Mexican citizens. The good faith of the country and
of the army has been pledged to this couise, and it is the interest
of all to see that the reputation of neither be disgraced by scenes
of plunder and marauding. The troops are well supplied with the
subsistence and forage allowed by law, and nothing can justify the
wanton destruction of private property.
This paragraph will be read at the head of every company.
By order of Major General Taylor.
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders \ Head-quarters, Army or Occupation,
No. 150. ^ Camp near Monterey^ December .3, 1846.
With feelings of profound sorrow, the commanding general an-
nounces to the troops the decease of Brigadier General T. L. Ilamer^
of the volunteer service, who expired last evening, after a short
but violent illness.
The ability and judgment displayed by the deceased general in
the exercise of his military command, and the sterling qualities
•which marked his private character, endeared him justly to the
army and to his many personal friends. By the army in the field,
and by the citizens of his own State, his loss will be severely felt;
to those connected with him by closer ties it will be irreparable.
The deceased will be interred at 10 o'clock, a. m., to-morrow,
■with the honors due to his rank. Brigadier General Quitman,
commanding the volunteer division, will conduct the funeral cere-
monies, and will command the escort, to be composed of one reo"i-
ment of volunteer infantry, one company of cavalry, and two
pieces of artillery. The cavalry and artillery of the escort will be
designated by Brigadier General Twiggs from his division, and
■will report to General Quitman at 9 o'clock to-morrow.
All olficers otf duty are respectfully invited to attend the funeral,
from the head-quarters of the Kentucky and Ohio brip-ade.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders ) Head-quarters, AiiMi' of Occupation,
No. 156. \ Camp near Monterey^ December 10, 1846,
1. The 4th infantry is detached from the 1st division, and, with
companies C and E, 1st artillery, will form the garrison of the
cita.lel, which will be occupied as soon as prrc'icabie; the com-
znandmg officer making his reports to Major General Butler's
33
514
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
I)f>ad quarlerSj nnd receiving his orders therefrom. The rvlarylaml
and District of Columbia battalion is likewise detached from the
1st division, and will report to Brigadier General Quitman,
2. The 7th infantry and the two companies of mounted riflemea
in Monterey are attached to the 1st division, which will be reor-
ganized as follows:
o
C Light company C, 3d artillery.
3d brigade, j Companies B, C, D, and E, 2ct dragoons,
under Col. Harney. | 2d infantry, (to join at Montemorclos.)
(^ 3d infantry.
' Company E, 3d artillery.
Mounted riflemen.
4th brigade, 1 1st infantry,
under Col. Smith, ] 7th infantry. The remaining companies of
I the 2d dragoons will be assigned when they
^ shall join.
3. Tiie troops of the 1st division, as thus organized, v/ili be held
ready to march on Sunday, the 13ih instant, in the direction of
Victoria,
4. The field division, organized in "orders" No. 108, of August
28, is broken up. The Ohio and Kentucky regiments will re;iott to
Major General Butler. The 1st Tennessee, Georgia, and Missis-
sippi regiments will be held ready to march as above, under the
orders of Brigadier General Quitman.
5. The troops will carry four days' rations in their havcsacks,
and 200 rounds of ammunition per man, of which forty will be
taken in the boxes. The regulation allowance for transportation
will be taken, and such amount of ammunition as may be found
necessary.
6. The regular general hospitals in town will be consolidated
into one, to lae under the charge of Surgeon Jarvis. The following
assi'^nmenis of medical officers are made, and will go into imme-
diate effect:
Surgeon McLaren to the 7th infantry.
Assistant Surgeon Byrne to the 4th infantry.
Assistant Surgeon Mills to the mounted rifles.
Assistant Surgeon Byrne will also perform the duties of medical
purveyo! in Monterey. Assistant Surgeon Madison will accompany
the medical director as medical purveyor on the march.
By order of Major General Taylor
W, W, S, BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders ? Kead-quarters, Aumy of Occupatiois-,
No. 159. \ Camp near Monterey, December 12, 1846.
1, Major General Butler is assigned to the command of Monte-
rey and the various posts and depots on the line to Camargo, and
Ex. Doc. No. 60. ' 515
thence to the mouth of the river. The different commanders will
report accordingly.
2. Major General Butler will receive special instructions iu re-
lation to the disposition of his own and other points connected
with the service within his command.
3. All general prisoners under sentence of hard labor with ball
and chain, and belonging to corps about to march, will be turned
oyer to the commanding officer of the citadel, to be confined under
his guard and employed on the fortilications.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Orders \ Head-quakters, Akmy or Occupation,
No. 160. (| Camj) near Monterey^ December 22^ 1846.
1. Major General Butler will, until further orders, remain in
command of all the troops in and around Saltillo, including- the
column of Brigadier General Wool. He will make his head-quar-
ters in that city^
2. The 2d dragoons are detached from the 1st division. Two
companies, to be designated by Colonel Harney, will report for
temporary service with head-quarters. The other companies will
remain at this place until joined by those of Captains Ker and
Thornton, when the whole will proceed under Colonel Harney to
Saltillo. At that point they v^^ill be joined by the two companies
of the regiment now with General Wool's column. Captain Hun-
ter's company, as soon as mounted, will proceed to Saltillo, and
report to Colonel iiarney. Colonel Harney will report for orders
to Major General Butler, who will assign to his command such
other cavalry force as he may deem expedient.
3. The 1st division will march to-morrow in the direction of
Victoria. The head-quarters will march at the same time for that
place.
4. All troops arriving at this place from below will await here
the orders of Major General Butler. Captain Clay's company of
Kentucky cavalry will march to Saltillo as soon as its camp equip-
age arrives, or sooner if ordered by General Butler.
5. Should the 1st regiment Indiana volunteers, under Colonel
Drake, reach tin? point, it will, after a brief rest, retrace its route
to Matamor.v^., and there conform to the orders given by Major
General Butler for the disposition of its companies.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W^ S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General,
516 ' Ex. Doc. No. 60.
E.
Spiopsis of ^^ orders^' issued hy Major General Z. Taylor since the
" commencement of hostilities ivith Mexico,'''' to wit: Jipril 24,
1846, that being the day lohen General Arista, on the fart of
Mexico^ announced said commencem,ent; furnished in compliance
with the resolution of the House of Representatives of February
1, 1847. {Those not marked D are unimportant ^ and not cop-tedi).
Orders ) Head-qiiartess, Aemy of Occupation,
^^o. 51. ^ Camp near Matamoras, Texas, April 24, 1846.
Paragraph 1. Staff officers to regulate tiieir time by that at head-
quarters.
Par. 2. Hours for the ^vorking parties.
Orders No. o2.— April 29, 1846.
Par. 1. Rules for communicating the countersign and •watchword-
Par. 2. Directions for mustering the army.
Orders No. 53. Copied in full — series D.
Orders No. .54. — ^pril 30, 1846.
A detail of select men to report to Captain McCall.
Orders Nos. 55 and 56. Copied in full — series D.
Orders No. 57. — May 6, 1846 — Poi?it Isabel.
Par. 1. Disposition of a detachment of recruits.
Par. 2. All the effective officers and men to join their companies-
Orders Nos. 58, 59, 60, 61, and 62. Copied in full — series D.
Orders No. 63.— Jlfat/ 21, lSi6—Matamoras.
Par. 1. The clothing depot to be moved to Point Isabel.
Par. 2. Baggage and the laundresses to be sent to Matamoras..
Par. 3. Pvecruits to be inspected.
Orders No. 64:.— May 22, 1846.
Assembles a general court martial.
After Orders. — May 22, 1846.
Par. 1. 7th infantry relieved as the garrison of Fort Brown.
Pur. 2. Three companies of artillery to constitute the garrison
of Fo!t Brown, under command of Captain Lowd.
Par. 3. Lieutenant Hanson to remain as quartermaster and com-
missary at Fort Brown.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 517
Okders No. 65. Copied In fall — series D.
Orders No. 6Q.—May 25, 1846.
Court of inquiry orderefl at the request of Captain W. J. Hardee,
2d dragoons, to examine into his conduct in the engagement be-
tween Captain Thornton's command and the Mexicans, April 25,
1846.
Ordeks No. 61.— May 29, 1846.
Instructions for breaking up certain companies for the recruiting
service.
, Orders No. 6S. — May 31, 1846.
Promulgating the proceedings of a general court martial.
Orders No. 69. — June 1, 1846.
Directions for recruiting service.
Orders. — June 3, 1846.
Assembles a general court martial.
Orders No. 70. Copies in full — series D. •
After Orders. — Jtme 5, 1846.
Assembles a general court martial.
Crdeks Nos. 71, 72, 73, and 74. Copied iu full — series 1).
Orders No. 75. — June 15, 1846.
Promulgates the proceedings of a genera! court martiai.
Orders. — June 5, 1846.
Promulgates proceedings of a general court martial.
Orders. — June 15, 1846.
Re- convenes the general court martial assembled by "orders-' of
June 3, 1S46.
Orders Nos. 76 and 77. Copied in full — series D.
Orders. -•Jw7jc 18, 1846.
Promuljiates proceedings of the court martial convened by
"orders" of June 3, 1846.
Orders. — Ju7ie 23, 1846.
Assembles a court of inquiry.
518 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Orders. — June 25, 1846.
Directions for returns of the volunteers to be made to the head-
quarters of the army of occupation.
Orders .Xo. 7S. Copied in full — series D.
Orders No. l^.—June 29, 1846.
Par. 1. Lieutenant R. G. Garnett, 4th artillery, appointed aid-
de-camp to Ihe commanding general.
Par. 2. Direelions for mustering the array.
Orders.— J ?/7..e 29, 1846.
Announces proceedings of a court of inquiry.
Orders No. 80.— J«/t/ 1, 1846.
Assembles a general court martial.
Orders No. S\.—Juhj 1, 1846.
Assembles a general court martial.
ORMERt- No. 82. Copied in full — series D.
Orders No. ^'i.—Jidy 7, 3846.
Directions for breaking up certain companies for the recruiting
service.
Orders No. 8i. — July 8, 1846.
Brevet Major John Pvlunroe, 4th artillery, assigned to duty as
chief of artillery.
Orders No. So.— Jw/v 8, 1846.
Promulgates proceedings of a general court martial.
Orders No. 86.— Jw/t/ 9, 1846.
Promulgates proceedings of a general court martial.
Orders No. 81.— July 10, 1846.
Appoints place of meeting for a general court martial, conveneJ
hy orders from the War Depariment. ^
Orders No. SS.—July 16, 1846. *
Brevet Li»>utenant Colonel Belknap, 8th infantry, assigned to
nty as inspector general.
Orders No. SO.— July 18, 1846.
Assembles a general court martial.
Ex. Doc. No. GO. 519
Orders No. 90 and 91. Copied in full — series D.
Orders No. 92.— July 26, 1846.
Promulgates proceedings of a general court martial.
Orders Nos. 93 and 94. Copied in fall — series D.
Orders No. 95. — August 13, 1846 — Camargo.
Assembles a general court martial.
Orders No, 98. Copied in full — series D.
Orders No. 91. —August 15, ia46.
Assembles a general court martial.
Orders Nos. 98, 99, and 100. Copied in fulJ—series D.
Orders No. 101.— ^w^w5^ 21, 1846.
Promulgates proceedings of a general court Jii?^rtial.
Orders No. 102. Copied in full — series D.
Orders No. 103.— August 22, 1846.
Promulgates proceedings of a general court martial.
Orders No. l^Oi.— August 23, 1846.
Pac 1. Directions for rendering returns.
Par. 2. Directions for the muster of the <;r!ny.
Orders No. 105. Copied in full — series D.
Orders No. 106.— August 9i, 1846.
Directions for mustering the army.
Orders No. 101.— August 25, 1846.
Par. 1. Major L. Thomas, assistant adjutant general, assigned to
duty with Major General Butler.
Par. 2. Captains Lincoln and Wins'^ip, as;-istant adjutant ^en-
eials, assigned to duty with Brigadier Gt:aera's Marshall and Pil- ,
low.
Orders Nos. 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, and 113. Copied in full-
series D.
Orders No. 114. — September 9, 1S46 — Serralvo.
Assembles a general court martial.
Orders No. 115. Copied in full — series D.
520 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Okdehs No. lie.— Sejitemher 12, 18 16.
Promulgates proceedings of a court martial.
Orders No. Ill .—Sejitember 12, 1816.
Promulgates proceedings of a court martial.
Orders No, 118. Copied in full — series D.
Orders. — Septeinher 17, 1846 — Camp near Marin.
Assembles a general court martial.
Orders No?. 119, 120, and 121. Copied in full — series D.
Orders No. 122 — September 21, 1846 — camp before Monterey.
Paymasters Kiiby and Van Buren announced as of the command-
ing general's staff.
Orders No. 123 and 124. Copied in full — series D.
Orders No. 125. — October 2, 1846 — Monterey.
Assembles a general court martial.
Orders No. 126. Copied in full — series D.
Orders No. 127. — October 6, 1846.
Directions to the court martial convened by "orders" No, 125.
Orders No. U^.— October 10, 1846.
Promulgates proceedings of a general court martial.
Orders No. V2^.— October 12, 1846.
Assembles a general court martial.
Orders No. IZQ.— October 12, 1846.
Assembles a general court martial.
O2DERS No. I'il.— October 15, 1846.
Assembles a court of inquiry.
Orders No. 1Z2. — October 17, 1S4G.
Promulgates proceedings of a general court martial.
Orders No. 133. Copied in full — series D.
Orders No. 1?A.— October 24, 1846.
Assembles a general court martial.
Orders No. 135 and 136. Copied in full — series D;
Orders No. \^'l,—^''ov ember 5, 1846.
Promulgates proceedings of a general court martial.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 521
Orders No. 138. — JSTovember 6, 1846.
Promulgates proceedings of a general couit martial.
Orders No. 139. Copied in ful! — series D. •
Orders No. 140. — JYovember 8, ]846.
Assembles a general court martial.
Orders No. 141. — JVovember 10, 1846.
Promulgates proceedings of a general court martial.
Orders No. 142. — JVovember 11, 1346.
Promulgates proceedings of a general court martial.
Orders No. U3.—A''ov ember 12, 1S46.
Assembles a general court martial.
Orders No. 144. Copied in full — series D.
Orders No. 145. — JVovember 21, 1846. '
Promulgates proceedings of a general court martial.
Orders No. 146. Copied in full — series D.
Orders No. Ul.— November 28, 1846.
Assembles a general court martial.
Orders No. 148.— A'^cv ember 29, 1846.
Assembles a general court martial.
Orders Nos. 149 and 150. Copied in full — series D.
Orders No. 151. — December 6, 1846.
Promulgates proceedings of a court martial.
Orders No. 152. — December 7, 1846.
Court of inquiry convened at the request of Captain C. W. Bul-
lin, 1st Kentucky regiment, to investigate the imputations against
company D, as connected with the violent death of a Mexican.
Orders No. 153. — December 7, 1846.
Assembles a general court martial.
Orders No. 154. — December 9, 1846.
Promulgates proceedings of a general court martial.
I
Okders No. 155. — December 9, 1846. *
Assembles a general court martial.
Orders No. 156. Copied in full — series D.
522 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Or:)Eks No. 157. — December 11, 1846.
Captain T. B. Linnard, topographical engineers, announced as
chiet ol" his department serving with the army.
Orders No. 15S.— December 11, 1816.
Promulgates proceedings of a general court martial.
Orders Nos. 159 and 160. Copied in full — series D.
Orders No. 161.— December 22, 1846.
Promulgates proceedings of a general court martial.
Orders No. 162.— December 22, 1846.
Promulgates proceedings of a general court martial.
R. JONES, Adjutant General.
Adjutant Gekeral's Office,
February 6, 1847.
F.
Special Orders ? Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 64. \ Fort Polk, Texas, May 14, 3846.
1. Lieutenant Colonel Wilson will proceed with his battalion of
the 1st infantry, and the companies of volunteers from New Or-
leans and Mobile, to Burita, where he will effect a junction with
the naval force operating up the river. S\jch transiiortation or
other facilities as may be requiied by Lieutenant Colonel Wilson
will be furnished by the quartermaster's department.
2. The steamer " Neva" will go into the river with the naval
expedition, taking such amount of subsistence and other neces-sary
stores as her draugl.t and the navig?\tion of the river will permit.
3. The state of heahli of Lieutenant Colonel Pierce being such,
as to unfit him for active service, he will return with his adjutant
and regimental hea<!-quarters to New Orleans barracks. The iwo
companies of the l:jt artillery now here will form a part of the es~
co't of the train.
By order of Brigadier General Taylor:
W. AV. S. BLTSS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Special Orders ( Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. "78. ^ Matumoras, June 4, 1846.
The batialion of the 1st infantry, under command of Lieutenant
Colonel Wilson, will crots the nver to-morrow evening, and be
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 523
held ready to take up Ihe march for Reinosa on the morning of
the 6th. A section of Lieutenant . ra<:g's battery will be attached
to this command, its officer reporting to Lieutenant Colonel Wil-
son. •
Captain Price's company of rangers will accompany the cora-
inand, and escort the train on its return.
The coraman<l will be rationed for at least fifteen days. The
commissary and quartet ma?ter of the expedition will report to Cap-
tain Crosnian and Captain VVaggaman for instructions.
The quartermaj-ter's department will send with the expedition a
few intrenchin.q[ tools.
Lieutenant Colonel Wilson will be governed by such special in-
structions as he may receive from head-quarters.
By order of Brigadier General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLTSS,
Assista7it Adjutant General.
Special Orders ? Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
1^0. £5. ) Matamurasj June 15, 1846.
1. A subaltern officer of Captain MrCulloch's company, to be
designates! by the captain, will be supplied by the senior assistant
quartermaster and the commissary of subsistence, with such amount
of funds as may be needed to procure supplies for the company on
its present r«oute.
2. [Assigns an officer of the medical department to duty in the
general hospital, Matamoras.j
3 Captain Porter's company, 1st artillery, is detached from Fort
Polk, and will furnish the guards at Brazos island, and for the de-
pot to be established at the mouth of the Rio Grande, the captain
taking post at the former place, and detailintj an officer's guard for
the proiection of the latter. A company of Texas foot volunteers^
to be selected by the governor, will replace Captain Porter's com-
pany at Fort Poik, its captain reporting to Major Monroe.
4. (Discharges a soldier.]
5. [Grants leave of absence to an officer.]
By order of Brigadier General Ta}}or:
W. W. S. BLTSS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Special Orders, ? Head quarters. Army of Occupation,
No. S7. I Matamoras, July 6, 1846.
1. Much embarrnsment having resulteff from the unequal ship-
ment of subsistence supplie*!, the assi§tant commissary in charge of
tl e subsistence de;)ot at Brazos island w'ill hereafter turn over to
the quiiitermaster's department, for transportation up the river, none
524 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
but complete rations, or such as may be designated by the chief of
the subsistence department.
2. [Orders a soldier to Fort Pickens.]
By order of Maj\)r General Taylor:
W. W. S. BUSS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
[Special Orders.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Matamoras, July 23, 1846.
Such companies of the Louisiana volunteers, now at the camp at
San Juan de Buena Vista, as may be willing to enrol for the period
of twelve monihs, in accordance with the act of May 13, 1846, or
during the war, will remain encamped at their present position,
where rations will continue to be issued to them, and where they
will be mustered into service by the proper staff officer designated
for that purpose.
•By order of Major General Taylor:
J. H. EATON, Aid-de-camp.
Special Orders, } Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 124. I Carmargo, August 19, 18-46.
1. Brigadier General John A. Quitman, United States army,
having reported to the commanding general, agreeably to instruc-
tions from general head-quarters, is assigned to the command of
the brigade of volunteers composed of the regiments of Mississippi,
Alabama, and Georgia, and the battalion from Maryland and the
District of Columbia, being the 3d brigade of the 2d division.
2. First Lieutenant W. A. A'^ichols, 2d artillery, is assigned to
duty in the staff of Brigadier General Quitman, and will report ac-
cordingly.
3. First Lieutenant Leslie Chase, 2d artillery, will proceed with
as little delay as practicable to Matamoras, and relieve First Lieu-
tenant J. F. Roland in the duties of depot commissary. On being
relieved. Lieutenant Roland will rejoin his company with as little
delay as practicable.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Special Orders, ] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 126. ^ Carmargo, August 22, IMG.
1. The regiment of Texas foot, commanded by Colonel A. S.
Johnston, will be mustered out of service, with as little delay as
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 525
practicable, by Mnjor Thomas, assistant adjutant general, assisted
by Captains Lincoln and Winship, wiio will report to him without
delay lor that purpose.
2. Lieutenant Colonel Belknap^ inspector general, will inspect
the arms and ammunition of the Ohio and» Tennessee refyiments
and muke a report upon their condition and fitness for service.
3. Tlu; ordnance department will replace the arms of the 1st re-
giment Alabama volunteers, lately pronounce. t by a board of its
officers as unserviceable, by as many serviceable arms as it is prac-
ticable to furnish. The condemned and unserviceable cartridge
boxes and bayonet scabbards will also be replaced by such as are
fit for the service of the men.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
ma-
Specjal Orders, \ Head-quarters, Army or Occupation,
^"- 128. \ Camargo, August '2G, 1846
^ 1. Captain A. Webster, senior officer afloat of the revenue rua-
rine co-operating with the army, having reported in person to the
major general commanding, will, in addition to the particular du-
tiis of his branch of the service, extend all necessary protection to
the depot and anchorage at Brazos Santiago and the mouth of the
Rio Grande. He wiH keep a careful watch along the const, send-
ing vessels ©ccasionally to Sota Marina, or even as far as Tampico
for the purpose of rendering the blockade more rigid. CaptairJ
Webster will despatch his vessels to the proper ports for supplies as
often as may be necessary, and from time to time will please report
the operations of his squadron to head-quarters.
2 The quartermaster's department will provide transportation to
Galveston tor a portion of Colonel Johnston's regiment of Texan
riflemen, as indicated in a memorandum from this office. The Ger-
man company will, in like manner, be transported to Indian point
The men availing themselves of this order will proceed to Brazos
Santiago by companies, under charge of their proper officers, and
wi I there embark as rapidly as transportation can be provided
While necessarily detained at the Brazos island they will be fu--
pished with camp equippage, and be Drovided with subsistence, to
mciU-le their voyage home.
3 The following officers of the subsistence department, appointed
under the a^t approved June 18, 1846, having duly reported, are
asHgned to duty as follows:
Major William F. Johnston to the Ohio brigade.
Major Alfred Boyd to the Kentucky brigade.
Captain Stephen Z. Hoyle to the Texas division.
Captain Jesse B. Stephens to the 1st Ohio regiment.
Captain Thomas J. Turpin to the 1st Kentucky regiment
They will report accordingly.
4. Assistant Surgeon G. M. Prevost is assigned to duty with the
^2c Ex Doc. No. 60.
I « 1 reoort 9 Assistant Surge*-
.Uk left behind at this place, «nd w. I repor
^^:l^,;^ of Major General Taylor: ^^, ^^^,3^
Special Orders
*^No. 129.
\
llEADQUARTtRS, A.
No. 129. i , t ,
/^ 1 1 lliv«; will, for the present, !
into servu-e for thr.omon-^
of foot volunteers hal nm\ ^H^
of Colonel Johnson sreiru
of sixty-four privates, It
3 For the bcneht ol l
roendationof thesu.gtoi
to Major r.l/./-r.V,^^^
piratiin, if his health V
By order ot Major t..
O. CL PATIO
Hst 27, 1
SMPcial Orders ( H
No. ISO. \ J
1. The Mexican pv
or Fort Brown will
island, where they
oouunand of Major
under his direction
furnishine: the neces
otY Vera Cru/, tne
acer of the navy, w
authorities -at that \
.^.re, and wiU recei
,miY ^P necessary to
cause to be taken a.
the name, rank, ana
forwarded to the sen
head-iuaiter-^.
2. [An oih^er Md
.r««tioiK neriuvtted
signation, p<
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 527
3. [Discharges three officers of volunteers, on the tender of their
resignations. J
4. [Leave of absence to a volunteer officer.]
5. [Remits portion of the scmtence of a soTdier. j
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLTSS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
G.
Synopsis of ^'special orders'''' issued by Major General Z. Taylor
since the '■''coinm en cement of hostilities with Mexico,^- to wit:
Mpril 24, I846j that being the day when General Arista^ on the
part of Mexico^ announced said cornmencenient ; furnished in com-
pliance with a resolution of the House of Representatives of Feb-
ruary 1, 1847. {Those not ^narked F are unimportant , and not
copied )
Special Orders ) Head-qt;arters, Army of Occupation,
No. 57. \ Camp near Matamoras^ Texas ^ .Sprit 21^ 1846.
Paragraph 1. Transfers certain soldiers from one regiment to
another.
Par. 2. Assigns recruits to companies.
Par. 3. Remits portion of the sentence of a soldier.
Par. 4. Remits portion of the sentence of a soldier.
Par. 5. Remits portion of the sentence of a sol'iier.
Par. 6. Restores soldiers to duty from confinement:
Special Orders No. 58. Spril 29, 1846.
Par. 1. Assigns an officer to duty in the quartermaster's and com-
missary's departments.
Par. 2. All the disposable wagons to haul fuel for the fort
[Brown. j
Par. 3. Transfers a soldier to another regiment.
Special Orders No. 59. — May 3, 1846 — Point Isabel.
Par. 1. Changes the stations of medical. officers.
Par. 2. Orders all persons at Point Isabel in the employment of
government to be furnished with medical attendance.
Special Orders No. 60.— .¥ay 6, 1846.
Par. 1. Changes the stations of medical officers.
Par. 2. Authorizes the engineer officer in charge of the works at
Point I^abel to hire laborers, not to exceed one hundred, to assist
in completing the defences.
528 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Special Okders No. 61.— May 7, 1846.
Details an ofEcer for temporary duty with another company of
his resfiment.
° - •
Special Ordebs No. 62'— May 12, 1846.
Par. 1. General La Vega, and the other Mexican officerSj (pris-
oners,) to be conducted to New Orleans.
Par. 2. The sitk and wounded to be transported to St. Joseph's
island. An assistant surgeon to accompany ihein.
Special Orders No. 63— May 13, 1846.
Leave of absence to an officer.
Special Orders No. 64. Copied in full — series F.
Special Orders No. 65. — May 16, 1846 — camj) near Matamoras,
Grants leave to an oiiicer.
Special Orders No. 66. — May 21, 1846 — Matamoras.
Par. 1. Transfer of officers to other companies of their regiment.
Par. 2. Orders an inspection of recruits.
Par. 3. Orders a survey of the city of Matamoras and the adja-
cent country to be made by an officer of topographical engineers.
Special Orders No. 61.— May 22, 1846.
Par. 1. Grants leave of absence to three officers. /
Par. 2. Transfers a soldier to another company.
Special Orders No. 68. — May 23, 1846.
Par. 1. Leave of absence to an officer.
Par. 2. Remits portion of the sentence of a soldier.
Par. 3. Releases a soldier from confinement.
Par. 4. Discharges a soldier.
Par. 5. Releases a soldier from confinement.
Special Orders No. 69.— May 25, 1846.
Par. 1. Transfers soldiers to other companies.
Par. 2. Remits the sentence of a soldier.
Special Orders No. IQ.—May 26, 1846.
Details an officer to muster the Texas volunteers arriving at
Point Isabel.
Special Orders No. 71. — May 27, 1846.
Par. 1. Orders all volunteer forces present, or arriving at Point
Isabel and Brazos island, to proceed as soon as possible to Buriia,
and there await I'urther orders.
Par. 2. Details an officer lor duty in the quartermaster's aB<l
subsistence departments at Burita.
Ex. Doc No. 60. 529
Special Orders No. 12.— May 28, 1846,
General Worth to resume command of the 1st brigade, he having
returned to the army of occupation by instructions from the Sec-
retary of War.
Special Orders No. 73. — May 29, 1846.
Par. 1. Remits the sentence c,f two soldiers.
Par. 2. Leave of absence to an officer.
Par. 3. Details an officer as chief commissary to General Smith's
brigade.
Special Orders No. 14..— May 30, 1846.
Par. 1. Leave of absence to an officer.
Par. 2. Orders an officer to Point Isabel for duty in the subsis-
tence department.
Special Orders No. 75. — June 1, 18i6.
A guard to be placed at the ferry.
Special Orders No. 76. — June 2, 1846.
Par. 1. Changes stations of medical officers.
Par. 2. Changes stations of medical officers.
Special Orders No. 11 .—June 3, 1846.
Par. 1. Leave of absence to an officer.
Par. 2. Remits portion of the sentence of a soldier.
Special Orders No. 78. Copied in full — series F.
Special Orders No. 79. — June 6, 1848.
^ Par. 1. Orders a wounded officer to report to the Adjutant Gene-
ral for duty on the recruiting service as soon as his health will
permit.
Par. 2. Leave of absence to an officer.
Par. 3. Discharge of a soldier.
Par. 4. Transfers a soldier to another company.
Special Orders No. 80. — June 7, 1846.
Orders a guard for the protection of the depot on Brazos island.
All persons unconnected with the public service to leave the island.
Special Orders No. 81. — June 8, 1816.
Par. 1. Leave of absence to an officer.
Par. 2. Assigns a medical officer to duty.
Special Orders No. 82. — June 10, 1846. '
Par. 1. Orders a wounded officer to report to the Adjutant Gene-
ral.
Par. 2. Details a board to examine subsistence stores.
24
530 Ex, Doc. No. 60.
Par. 3. Remits part of the sentence of a soldier.
Par. 4. Releases a soldier from confinement.
Special Orders No. 83. — June 11, 1846.
Par. 1. Orders an officer to New York harbor.
Par. 1. Grants leave of absence to an officer.
Par. 3. Assigns an acting assistant surgeon to duty.
Par. 4. Discharges a soldier.
Par. 5. Transfers soldiers to other companies.
Special Orders No. 84. — June 12, 1846.
Par. 1. Orders certain sick and wounded men to the general hos-
pital at St. Joseph's island.
Par. 2. Leave of absence to an officer.
Par. 3. Releases a soldier from confinement.
Par. 4. Discharges a soldier.
Special Orders No. 85. Copied in full— series F.
Special Orders No. 86. — June 16, 1846.
Orders an officer on the recruiting service.
Special Orders No. 87.— Jwne 17, 1846.
Par. 1. Remits sentence of a soldier.
Par. 2. Remits portion of sentence of a soldier.
Special Orders No. ^^.—June 18, 1846.
Par. 1. Transfers a soldier to another company.
Par. 2. Releases a soldier from confinement.
Special Orders No. 89. — June 19, 1846.
Prescribes the manner of detailing certain guards.
Special Orders No. 90. — June 20, 1846.
Details an officer for duty in the subsistence department.
Special Orders No. 91.— J^ne 21, 1846.
Par. 1. Grants leave of absence to an officer.
Par. 2. Relieves an officer and details another in the subsistence
department.
Special Orders No. 92.— Jwne 22, 1846.
Details a board to examine subsistence stores.
Special Orders No. 93. — June 23, 1846.
Details men for duty in the general hospital at Matamorag, ,
Special Orders No. 94. — June 24, 1846. •
Par. 1. Leave of absence to an officer.
Par. 2. Remits sentence of a solditr.
Ex. Doc. No 60. 531
Par. 3. Details sphliers as attendants in hospital.
Par. 4. Leave of absence to an officer.
Par. 5. Transfers soldiers to other regiments.
Special Orders No..95. — June 29, 1846.
Par. 1. Transfers an officer to another company.
Par. 2, Assigns a recruit to a company.
Special Orders No. 96. — June 30, 1846.
Remits part of the sentence of two soldiers.
Special Orders. — July 2^ 1846.
Transfers soldiers to others companies.
Special Orders. — July 3, ]846.
Leave of absence to an officer of Louisiana volunteers.
Special Orders. — July 3, 1846.
Transfers a soldier to another company.
Special Orders No. 97. Copied in full — series F.
Special Orders. — July 7, 1846. •
Leave of absence to an officer of Louisiana volunteers.
Special Orders No. 98. — July 7, 1846.
Par. 1. Transfer of a soldier to another company.
Par. 2. Lischarges a soldier.
Special Orders No. 99. Copied in full — series F.
Special Orders No. 100. Copied in full — series F.
Special Orders No. 101.— Jw/^/ 10, 1846.
Remits part of sentence of a soldier, and transfers bim to another
regiment.
Special Orders. — July 12, 1846.
Transfers volunteers to other companies.
Special Orders No. 102.— July 12, 1846.
Par. 1. Leave of absence to an officer.
Par. 2. Remits part of the sentence of a soldier.
Par. 3. Directs the quartermaster's department to purchase horses
for Captain Bragg's battery. .
Special Orders No. 103. — July 14, 1846.
Orders an officer on the recruiting service.
532 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Special Orders No. 104. — July 15, 1846.
Par. 1. Orders a reconnoissance of the route towards Reinosa
under an officer of engineers.
Par. 2. Leave of absence to an officer.
Par. 3. Discharges a soldier.
Special Obders No. 105. — July 16, 1846.
Par. 1. Details an officer for duty in the subsistence department.
Par. 2. Restores to duty without trial a soldier charged with de-
sertion.
Special Orders No. 106. — July iS, 1846.
Par. 1. Assignment of an officer to his own regiment.
Par. 2. Assignment of medical officers to posts.
Par. 3. Restores to duty without trial a soldier charged with de-
sertion.
Par. 4. Transfers officers to other companies.
Par. 5. A sergeant ordered on recruiting service.
Special Orders No. l^dl.— July 20, 1846.
Par. 1. Band of 1st regiment artillery to return to the regimental
head-quarters, Pensacola.' *
Par. 2. Restores to duty without trial a soldier charged with de-
sertion.
Par, 3. Remits part of a soldier's sentence.
Special Orders No. 108.— Jz^/i/ 21, 1846.
Honorably discharges a soldier.
Special Orders (without number.) — 7^/^23,1846. Copied in full —
series F.
Special Orders No. im.—July 23, 1846.
Par. 1. Orders an officer on the recruiting service.
Par. 2. Assigns medical officers to Fort Brown and Mataraoras.
Par. 3 Convenes a board of survey to examine and report upon
the condition of certain public property.
Special Orders No. WO.—July 24, 1846.
Transfers a soldier to another company.
Special Orders No. 111. — July 25, 1846.
Pai;. 1. Orders an officer to replace another on a board of survey.
Par. 2. Details a soldier as hospital attendant.
Special Orders.— Jw/y 27, 1846.
Leave of absence to a volunteer officer.
Special Orders. — July 28, 1846.
Transfers certain privates of volunteers.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 533
Special Orders No. l\2.—July 26, 1846.
Par. 1. Assigns Lieutenant Colonel Clarke, 8th infantry, to com-
mand of Matamoras, &.c.
Par. 2. Major J. L. Gardner, 4th artillery, to command at Point
Isabel and Brazos island.
Par. 3 Military storekeeper to issue canteens to the companies
of artillery in want of them.
Special' Orders No. 113. — July 28, 1846.
Par. 1. Colonel Hays's regiment of horse, and Colonel 'John-
ston's of foot, Texas volunteers, to march, with as little delay as
practicable, to Matamoras; there to report to the commanding gen-
eral.
Par. 2. Transfers a soldier.
Par. 3. Discharges a Texas volunteer, concerned in an outrageous
assault upon a Mexican at Point Isabel. .
Par. 4. Orders an officer to join his company.
Par. 5. Dishonorably discharges a soldier of the 4th infantry.
Special Orders. — July 29, 1846.
Leave of absence to certain officers of Kentucky voluntjeers.
Special Orders No. 114. — July 29, 1846.
Par. 1. Grants leave to an officer for the benefit of his health.
Par. 2. Assigns a medical officer to duty.
Par. 3. ^Assigns medical officers to duty.
Special Orders No. 115. — July 30, 1846.
Par. 1. Assigns certain officers to duty.
Par. 2. Countermands transfer of a soldier. »
Par. 3. Orders a board of survey to examine camp equipage.
Par. 4. Assigns an officer as chief of General Hamer's staff.
Special Orders. — August 1, 1846.
Leave of absence to an officer of Tennessee volunteers, on ac-
count of ill heahh.
Special Orders No. 116. — August 1, 1816.
Par. 1. Assigns a medical officer to duty.
Par. 2. Orders Captain Swartwout's company of '2i\. artillery to
Rfinosa.
Par. 3. Four companies of 2d Tennessee regiment, under Captain
Standeler, to join the remaining, companies near Burita; the regi-
ment then to proceed to elect a colonel and lieutenant colonel, ac-
cording to the laws of Tennessee; election of a major to be de-
ferred until further orders.
Par. 4. Transfers two dragoon officers.
Par. 5. Directs Lieutenant Colonel Belknap, inspector general,
to examine certain public horses belonging to the batteries of field
artillery.
534 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Special Orders No. Ill .^-Augiist 2, 1846.
Par. 1. The 2d infantry, on its arrival in Texas, to be pushed up
to Camargo.
Par. 2. Instructions relative to sending forward recruits en* route
from New York.
Par. 3. The carriages and caissons of Captain Ridgely's battery
to be exchanged for others.
Par; 4. Guns and other trophies in Matamoras to be deposited
for safe-keeping at Fort Brown.
Special Orders No. 118. — August 3, 1846.
Chiefs of the quartermaster and subsistence departments to turn
over to Colonel Hays, Texas volunteers, the necessary funds for
purchasing supplies, hire of guides, &c.
Special Orders. — August 3, 1846.
Leave of absence, for benefit of health, to an officer of Ohio vol-
unteers.
Speciai* Orders No. 119. — Augtist 11. 1846 — Camargo,
Par. 1. Captain Duncan, 2d artillery, to make a reconnoissance
of the Mier route, as far as Serralvo. Captain McCulloch's rangers
to cover the reconnoitring party.
Par. 2. Restores to duty, without trial, a soldier charged with
desertion.
Par. 3. Restores to duty, without trial, a soldier charged with
desertion. • '
Par. 4. Dragoon recruits at Point Isabel to be sent forward to
Camargo.
Par. 5. Restores to duty, without trial, a soldier charged with de-
sertion.
Special Orders No. 120.— August 13, 1846.
Par. 1. Assignment of medical officers to duty,
Par. 2. Discharges a soldier.
Par. 3. Transfers a soldier.
Par.- 4. All the wagons in possession of the troops, except two
to each regiment or battalion, and one to each brigade head-quar-
ters, to be turned over to Captain Crosman.
Special Orders. — August 13, 1846.
Discharges an officer of Kentucky volunteers on tender of his
resignation.
Special Orders No. 121. — August 15, 1846.
Par. 1. Leave of absence, for benefit of his health, to an officer
of 5th infantry.
Par. 2. Orders an officer to join his company.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 535
Special Orders No. 122. — August 17, 1846.
Par. 1. Grants leave of absence to an officer of 3d artillery on
tender of resignation.
Par. 2. Assigns a medical officer to duty.
Special Orders. — August 17, 1846.
Medical officers of volunteers assigned to duty.
Special Orders No. 123. — August 18, 1846.
Par 1. Medical officer assigned to duty.
Par. 2. Leave granted to an officer of 4th infantry for benefit of
his health.
Special Orders No. 124. Copied in full— series F.
Special Orders. — August 19, 1846.
Ordnance officer at Point. Isabel to exchange the arms of Cap-
tains Ramsay and George's companies 1st Ohio volunteers, &c.
Special Orders No. 125. — August 21j 1846.
- Par. 1. Transfers a soldier of the 4th infantry.
Par. 2. Restores to duty without trial a soldier of 1st dragoons.
Special Orders No." 126, Copied in full — series F.
^Special Orders No. \21.— August 23, 1846.
Par. 1. Leave granted to an officer of 1st Kentucky volunteers.
Par. 2. Two deserters restored to duty without trial.
Special Orders. — August 23, 1846.
Captain Hall, with his company of mounted Texan volunteers, to
escort pack mules from Reinosa to Camargo.
Special Orders. — August 24, 1846.
Leave granted to an officer Kentucky volunleers.
Special Orders No. 128. Copied in full — series F. ^
Special Orders No. 129. Copied in full — series F.
Special Orders. — August 27, 1846.
Transfers certain Kentucky volunteers.
Special Orders No. nQ.— August 28, 1846.
Par. 1. Captain Lincoln, assistant adjutant general, to muster
Colonel Eays's regiment Texas j'olunteers for pay on the last of
August. Also, to muster into service Captain Chandler's company,
of the same regiment.
536 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Par. 2. Details an officer for duty in the quartermaster's depart-
ment.
Par. 3. Accepts resignation of an officer of Kentucky volunteers.
Par. 4. Dishonorably discharges a soldier of the 3d infantry.
Special Orders No. 131. — August 29, 1846.
Leave of absence to an officer of Kentucky volunteers.
Special Orders No. 132. — August 30, 1846.
Par. 1. Captain Shivers's company of volunteers attached to the
3d brigade.
Par. 2. Sick of Texas riflemen, unable to travel, to be transferred
to the hospital, under charge of Assistant Surgeon Kennedy.
Par. 3. Leave of absence to an officer 1st infantry on account of
ill health.
Par. 4. Leave of absence to two officers Ohio volunteers on ac-
count of ill health.
Par. 5. Transfers soldiers.
Par. 6. Transfer of a soldier.
Par. 7. Leave of absence to an officer Ohio volunteers for benefit
of health.
Par. 8, Captain Wood's company of Texas volunteers from Gal-
veston to be transported to that place, having arrived too late to
be* received into service.
Special Orders No. 133. — August 31, 1846.
Par. 1. Leave of absence to an officer Ohio volunteers for benefit
of his health.
Par. 2. Leave of absence to a officer 1st infantry for benefit of
his health.
Par. 3. Captain Seefield's company of volunteers to be mustered*
into service for twelve months as a part of the Texas quota, and
then to proceed to La Vaca to join General Wool's command.
Par. 4. Discharges a soldier.
Par. 5. Accepts resignation of an officer of Ohio volunteers.
Par. 6. Leave of absence to an officer Kentucky volunteers.
Special Orders No. 134. — September 1, 1846.
Par. 1. Captains McCulloch and Gillespie's companies Texas
horse to report to General Worth at Serralvo.
Par. 2. Colonel Johnston, late of Texas riflemen, to join General
Butler's staff as acting inspector general. ♦
Par 3. Accepts the resignation of an officer Ohio volunteers.
Par. 4. Leave granted an assistant surgeon on account of ill
health.
Special Orders No. 133. — September 2, 1846.
Par. 1. Grants leave to an officer Washington volunteers to await
action of the War Department on the tender of his resignation.
Par. 2. Accepts resignation of an officer Ohio volunteers.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 537
4
Special Orders No. 136. — September 3, 1846.
Tr<insfers a private of volunteers.
Special Orders No. 137. — September 4, 1846.
Par. 1. Accepts resignation of two officers Mississippi volun-
teers— orders an election to fill their vacancies.
Par. 2. Accepts resignation of an officer Tennessee volunteers.
Par. 3. Authorizes Brigadier Generals Marshall and Pillow to
discharge or put upon furlough, as they may deem most proper,
such sick volunteers of their coznmands as may receive surgeon's
certificates of disability.
Par. 4. Transfers a private of volunteers.
Special Orders No. 138. — September 9, 1846 — Serralvo.
Par. 1. Captain Taylor's battery 1st artillery assigned to 2d
brigade, and Captain Webster's heavy howitzer battery to General
Butler's division.
Par. 2. Assigns a medical officer to duty.
Par. 3. Orders detail of blacksmiths to shoe horses of the ord-
nance train.
Par. 4. Accepts resignation of volunteer officers.
Special Orders No. 139. — September 10, 1846.
Assigns certain officers to duty with 4th infantry.
Special Orders No. 14.0.— September 11, 1846.
Par. 1. Brigadier General Shields assigned to duty with Briga-
dier General Wool's column.
Par. 2. Accepts resignations of two officers Tennessee volunteers.
Par. 3. Orders an officer to join his company.
Special Orders No. 141. — September 12, 1845.
Par. 1. Accepts three resignations of volunteer officers.
Par. 2. Orders an officer to«join his company.
Par. 3. General Twiggs to attach to the batteries of his division
such men from the infantry battalions as may be indispensable for
the service and manoeuvring of artillery.
Par. 4. Transfers soldiers.
«
Special Orders No. 142. — September 17, 1846 — Camp near Marin.
Discharges seven volunteer officers incapacitated for service, and
orders elections to fill their vacancies.
Special Orders No. 143. — September 20, 1846 — Camp before Mon-
terey.
One company of dragoons and one of Texas mounted men to
cover an examination to be made by Major Kinney, division quar-
termaster, t
538 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Special Orders No. 144. — September 23, 1846.
Par. 1. Leave of absence to an officer Ohio volunteers.
Par. 2. An officer of Indiana volunteers discharged; the vacancy
to be filled according to the State laws.
Special Orders No. 145. — September 25, 1846.
Par. 1. Captain J. H. Eaton, aid-de-camp, to proceed with de-
spatches to Washington; leave of absence granted him after ex-
ecuting this duty.
Par. 1. An officer of topographical engineers temporarily at-
tached to 2d dragoons. '
Special Orders No. 146. — September 28, 1846 — Camp near Mon-
terey.
Par. 1. Directions for mustering the Mississippi volunteers on
the 30th September, it not having been practicable to muster them
Aiigust 31st.
Par. 2. Directions for the encamping of the brigades of the vol-
unteer division.
Special Orders No. 147. — September 29, 1846.
Par. 1. Leaves of absence to officers of the Kentucky and Ohio
volunteers.
Par. 2. Discharge of a first lieutenant .of Tennessee volunteers,
■who is permitted to enter the ranks of his company as a private;
the vacancy to be filled by an election.
Par. 3. Assignment of medical officers.
Special Orders No. 148. — October 1, 1846.
Par. 1. Directs Captain Walker, mounted riflemen, to repair to
Washington for orders.
Par. 2. Certain officers to report for duty with their proper regi-
ments.
Par. 3. Leave of absence to an officer of the Baltimore volun-
teers. •
Par. 4. A commissary of volunteer service, having tendered his
resignation, permitted to repair to the United States.
Par. 5. Assignment of medical officers.
Par. 6. Discharge of a private of company E, 3d artillery.
I
Special Orders No. U9. — October 2, 1846.
Par. 1. Assignment of an officer as assistant commissary at Mon-
terey.
Par. 2. Directs an officer of 2d artillery to report to his colonel.
Special Orders No. 150. — October 3, 1846.
Par. 1. Leave of absence to an officer Louisiana volunteers.
Par. 2. Leave of absence to an officer 2d artillery.
Par. 3. Leave of absence tcf an assistant surgeon for the benefit
of his health.
Ex. Doc. No.60. 539
Special Orders No. 151. — October 4, 1846.
Par. 1. Captain Shivers's company of volunteers to march as an
escort for the wagon train to Camargo, there to be mustered out of
service. Transportation and rations to be furnished the company
to New Orleans.
Par. 2. Certain officers Ohio volunteers discharged; vacancies to~
be filled according to State laws.
I Par. 3. Restores a private 2d dragoons, charged with desertion,
'to duty, on certain conditions.
Par. 4. Remits remainder of sentence of a private^ 1st artillery.
Par. 5. Discharges a private 3d artillery. •
Par. 6. Leave of absence to an officer Mississippi volunteers.
Special Orders No. 152. — October 5, 1846.
Par. 1. The inspector general to repair to Camargo and other
posts for certain duties; an officer Kentucky volunteers to accom-
pany him as assistant.
Par. 2. Assignment of a commissary of subsistence to Monterey.
Par. 3. An officer Baltimore volunteers having tendered his re-
signation, permitted to go to the United States.
Special Orders No. 153. — October 8, 1846.
Leave of absence, for benefit of health, to an officer of the 4th
infantry.
Special Orders No. 154. — October 10, 1846.
Par. 1. An officer 4th artillery to report to General Quitman as
aid-de-camp.
Par. 2. Assignment of a surgeon, volunteer service.
Par. 3. Discharge of officers of Indiana and Illinois volunteers,
who resigned on account of sickness. Lieutenant of Illinois vol-
unteers discharged, having accepted appointment of assistant com-
missary.
Par. 4. Discharge of a private 7th infantry.
Special Orders No. 155. — October 13, 1846.
Par. 1. Directions for mounting and equipment of dragoon re-
cruits at Camargo. These recruits, after being mustered, to be
sent forward in successive parties as escorts to trains.
Par. 2. Directions for bringing forward the heavy artillery from
Camargo.
Special Orders No. 156. — October 15, 1846.
Pai-.^l. An officer of Baltimore volunteers having tendered his
resignation, permitted to repair to the United States.
Par. 2. Private of Ohio volunteers has permission to enlist in 3d
artillery, and on so doing will be discharged from volunteer ser-
vice.
Par. 3. Discharges officers of Alabama, Kentucky, Ohio, Ten-
nessee, and Mississippi regiments.
•
540
Ex Dm N go.
r.t?'
i
Par. 4. A private of Indiana
I'ar. r». Leave of abgjncc lo «) ji..-
rd.
•>'i iiit«ii>r!
S.KciAL OiiDKUH No. \51 —Octo f IG, 1846.
Par. 1. Leave of absence to " «' <•'' MiMittippi Tolaotecff
Par. 2. Principal musician ol volunteer! ditcharge<i
Par. '.). Leave of ab»encc lo ai^Ui t-r of 4lh iofaotry.
Spkcml 0RI.KI18 No. 158.— Ocfo/r 17, 1846. c
Piir. 1. An officer 2il dragoonvjo report for duly with blf regi-
in e n t .
' ntry remillcd io contid*
• ')■•
IA46.
I'ar. 2. Sentence of a pr;
erution of his good conduti
Si'fcciAL Oholhh No. 159.— '''
Par. .1. Leave of absenc
l*ar. 2. Lrave of absenci
health.
. Mitfitsippi Tolunteen.
r 7tb infantrj for benefit tfl
I
. 1 ft
Si'KciAL ()nnKR> No. 160. — Or'
Par. 1. Leave i>( al)s» imt ^
for health.
Par. 2. Jlisc liarj;« < " '■
Par. 'if Chan^'ts din
recruits.
Par. I. Tran.sfer of a pri\
nessee v^jlunteers.
Par. 5. I^eavc granted to un « i^cr lit arlillcrj, lor hcahn
1846.
: of Mi^sttsippi volootiir'.
- • I"--- r-!ailtr.rv
dragoon
r *T '•i<ti««ippi Tolunfrf-rs to TcO*
Spf.cial Orders No. 161.— Or/oM 20, 1846.
Leave of absence to an offi. • r 'lio volanteers, for beallb.
SPF.CIAL OUDF.HS No. 162.- ' \ 18-16.
Leave of absence to an * .. "'PP* Tolunteert, for beallb-
Si'KciAi. OuDKus No. 163. — Ot 18^16.
Assignment to duty of volu: ■ ers of subtittence depart-
ment.
SrF.riAL Orders No. 164.— Of/n/zf 25, 1846.
Dicharges oflicers of Tenni s^ .o'lnteers.
Special Orders No. 165.— Oc,','- £7, 1846.
Leave or.abseniO to an olFict r 1 iiifantrji for health.
Special Orders No. 166.— Oc/./ ::•<, 1846.
Par. 1. Convenes a board to ajirn'.«;e certain articles of Mexican
uniform clothinj;.
Par. J. Leave of absence t^ an ficer Ohio volunteer?, for health.
1^
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 541
Special Orders No. 161.— October 29, 1846.
Par. 1. Restores a private 2'\ dragoons to duty without trialj in
consideration of his recent good conduct in the Ohio volunteers.
Par. 2. Discharge of an officer Georgia volunteers, on his ten-
dering his resignation.
Special Orders No. 168. — October 31, 1846.
Remission of sentences of certain privates of 4th infantry.
FECIAL Orders No. 169. — Kovember 1,, 1846.
Par. 1. Certain Kentucky volunteers to form a detachment, and
march as an escort for a train to Camargo, and there join ti\eir
companies.
Par. 2. An assistant commissary of subsistence having resigned,
has leave to repair to the United States.
Par. 3. Discharges officers of Ohio, Illinois, and Alabama regi-
ments.
Special Orders No, 170. — JVovember 4, 1846.
Leave of absence to an officer Georgia volunteers.
Special Orders No. 171. — November 5, 1846, »
Par. 1. The next train for Camargo to be escorted by Captain
Waite's company 2d infantry, &c.
■ Par. 2. Assigns an officer to General Patterson's staff. *
Par. 3. Surplus regimental clothing to be turned over to an as-
sistant quartermaster.
Special Orders No. 172. — JYovember 6, 1846.
Par. 1. An officer relieved from staff duties and to join his com-
pany.
Par. 2. Assignment of an officer to a company.
Par. 3. Permission to an officer to accompany an officer on spe-
cial service.
Par. 4. An officer ordered to join his proper company.
Special Orders No. 173. — JVovember 9, 1846.
Par. 1. Orders an officer to join his company.
Par. 2. Transfers a soldier.
Par. 3. Transfers a soldier. ^
Par. 4. All convalescents of the command destined for Saltillo
that may be able to march, will move with the command. Certain
arrangements with regard to hospitals made. Assigns medical
officers to duly.
Par. 5. Discharges four volunteer officers who tendered their
resignations; elections to be held to fill their places only.so far as
to insure at least two officers for duty with each company.
Par. 6. Transfers a volunteer.
Par. 7. Leave of absence to a volunteer officer.
t
542 Ex Doc, No. 60.
Special Orders No. 174. — JVovember 10, 1846.
Par. 1. Brigadier General Shields and staff detached from Gen-
eral Wool's column, and to report to General Patterson.
Par. 2. Orders Colonel Harney to assume command of his regi-
ment at Monterey.
Par. 3. Leave of absence to two officers Ohio volunteers on ac-
count of wounds.
Par. 4. Remits part of sentences of three soldiers.
Par. 5. Restores a soldier, charged with desertion, to duty., with-
out trial.
Par. 6. The mustering officer of the regiment Kentucky horse to
muster all substitutes received by the colonel under authority of
Brigadier General Wool.
Par. 7. Discharges an officer Ohio volunteers, on tender of his
resignation.
Par. 8. Otders two officers to join their proper companies.
Par. 9. Leave of absence to an officer Ohio volunteers, for bene-
fit of his health.
Special Orders No 115.— JYov ember 11, 1846.
Par. 1. An officer of Ohio volunteers having tendered his resig-
nation on account of his health, discharged.
Par. 2. Restores a soldier, charged with desertion, to duty with-
out trial.
Special Orders No. 176. — JYovember 12, 1846.
Par. 1. Assignment of medical officers, and detail of a soldier for
hospital steward. ^
Par, 2. A medical officer relieved from duty, and pewnitted to
visit the United States.
Par. 3. Pv-emits part of a soldier's sentence.
Par. 4. Leave of absence to an officer of engineers, for benefit of
his health.
Par. 5. Tv>ro volunteer officers discharged on tender of their re-
signations.
Special Orders No. 177. — JVovember 13, 1846.
Par. 1. An officer 3d infantry permitted to repair to the United
States, having tendered his resignation.
Par. 2. A volunteer commissary permitted to repair to the United
States, having tendered his resignation.
Special Orders No. 178, — Jfovember 20, 1816 — Saltillo.
Par. 1. A squadron 2d dragoons to remain at Saltillo until fur-
ther orders.
Par. 2. Honorably discharges a soldier.
Special Orders No. 179. — JVovember 21, 1846 — Camp near Monte-
rey.
Par. 1. Transfers two officers — one being disabled by wounda —
to go on the recruiting service.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 543
Par. 2. Colonel E. D. Baker, 4th Illinois regiment, directed to
repair to Washington, to effect such arrangements, under the sanc-
tion of the War Department, as may be found practicable for sup-
plying his regiment with clothing.
Special Orders No. 180. — Xovemhcr 25, 1846,
Par. 1. Leave of absence to a volunteer commissary, for benefit
of his health.
Par. 2. Discharges seven volunteer officers on tender of their re-
signations.
Par. 3. Leave of absence, for benefit of health, to a volunteer
officer.
Par. 4. Directions for mustering the regiment of Tennessee cav-
alry.
Special Orders No. 181. — Koveniher 26, 1846.
Par. 1. Discharges a volunteer officer on tender of his resigna-
tion.
Par. 2. Leave of absence to an officer 2d dragoons, for benefit of
his health.
Par. 3. Leave of absence to an officer 7th infantry.
Par. 4. Restores a soldier, charged with desertion, to duty, with-
out trial.
Par. 5. A medical officer to proceed to New Orleans to purchase
such medical supplies as may be deemed necessary by the medical
director.
Par. 6. Assigns medical officers to duty.
Par. 7. Assigns a medical officer to duty.
Par. 8. Discharges an acting assistant surgeon.
Special Orders No. 182. — JYovemher 27, 1846.
Par. 1. Discharges a volunteer officer on tender of his resigna-
tion.
Par. 2. A board of officers to examine hospital furniture.
Special Orders No. 183. — JYovember 28, 1846.
Par. 1. Assembles a medical board for the examination of Assist-
ant Surgeon Porter for promotion.
Par. 2. Captain Taylor's battery to march for Saltillo. The cap-
tain to report to General Worth. All convalescents belonging to
the 2d division, who can march or go in the wagons, to proceed to
Saltillo.
Par. 3. Orders an officer to join his regiment.
Par. 4. Orders officevs to join 1heir proper regiments.
Par. 5. Discharges three volunteer ofHcers who tendered their
resignations on account of ill health.
Par. 6. Leave of absence to three volunteer officers.
Par. 7. Orders an officer to report to General Patterson for duty
in the subsistence department.
544
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Special Orders No. 18.4. — Kovemher 29, 1846.
Par. 1. Orders a board of officers to examine into the circum-
stances of the murder of a Mexican citizen.
Par. 2. Leave of absence to two volunteer officers.
Special Orders No. 185. — Kovemher 30, 1846.
Par. 1. Dissolves a board of officers.
Par. 2. Leave of absence to a volunteer officer.
Par. 3. Assigns a medical officer to duty.
Par 4. Discharges a volunteer officer on tender of his resigna-
tion.
Par. 5. Orders an offi.cer to join his proper company.
Special Orders No. 186. — December 2, 1846.
Par. 1. Assigns Colonel Whistler to command of a brigade.
Par. 2. Company F 1st dragoons to proceed to Saltillo, and be
reported to General Worth.
Special Orders No. 187. — December 4, 1846.
Leave of absence to an officer Tennessee volunteers, on account
of wounds.
Special Orders No. 188. — December 5, 1846.
The public property condemned by a board of officers to be dis-
posed of by the medical director.
Special Orders No. 189. Copied in full — series F.
Special Orders No. 190. — December 9, 1846.
Par. 1. Discharges a volunteer officer.
Par. 2. Assigns medical officers to duty.
Par. 3. Discharges an acting assistant surgeon.
Par. 4.' Remits part of the sentence of a soldier.
Par. 5. Transfers soldiers.
.Par, 6. Change of hospital stewards.
Special Orders No. 191. — December 10, 1846.
Par. 1. Leave of absence to volunteer commissary for benefit of
his health.
Par. 2. An officer of the Maryland and District of Columbia
volunteers to report for duty with the pioneers.
Special Orders No. 192. — December 11, 1846. i
Par. 1. Leave of absence, for remainder of his term of service,
to an officer of Tennessee volunteers, disabled by 'a wound.
Par. 2. An officer assigned to superintend the repairs, &,c., of the
citadel.
Par. 3. Transfers soldiers.
Special Orders No. 193. — December 12, 1846.
Par. 1. An officer ordered to join his company.
I I'--
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 545
Par. 2. Orders officers to join their corapanies.
' Par. 3. Discharges two soldiers.
Par. 4. An officer assigned to charge of subsistence.
Par. 5. Discharges an officer Tennessee volunteers on tender of
his resignation.
Par. 6. Dishonorably discharges a private of volunteers.
Par. 7. Dishonorably discharges a private of volunteers.
Special Orders No. 194. — December 13, 1846.
Par. 1. Assigns a medical officer to duty.
Par. 2. Discharges an officer Tennessee volunteers on tender of
his resignation.
Par. 3. Major Gaines of the Kentucky cavalry to march with
three companies of his command to Saltiilo, and report to General
Worth.
Par. 4. Discharges an officer Ohio volunteers on tender of his
resignation, on account of sickness.
Special Orders No. 195. — December 14, 1846.
Leave of absence to a volunteer officer.
Special Orders No. 198, — December 20, 1846.
Par. 1. Leave of absence to an officer 2d artillery for benefit of
health.
Par. 2. Discharges two volunteer officers on tender of their re-
signations, on account of sickness.
Special Orders No. 197, — December 22, 1846.
Relieves an acting assistant surgeon, and discharges him.
Special Orders No. 198. — Decemher 26, 1846 — Montemorelos.
Par. 1, Detachment of recruits for 3d infantry to remain at
Monterey until further orders.
Par. 2. Assignment of medical officers to duty.
Par. 3. Orders Brevet Major Hawkins on recruiting service at
New York.
Par. 4. Discharges an officer Tennessee volunteers on tender of
resignation.
Par. 5. Orders a surgeon to accompany the inspector general to
Austin; Texas, for duty connected with the muster of a regiment
of volunteer horse. Afterwards he is permitted to repair to Wash-
ton on account of health.
Special Orders No. 199. — December 199, 1846 — Villa Gran.
Par. 1. For benefit of their health, leave of absence to two reg-
ular and one volunteer officers.
Par. 2. Leave of absence to volunteer assistant quartermaster
for benefit of health.
R. J0NE5, Adjutant General.
Adjutant General's Office,
February 6, 1847.
36
546
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Tvi ■
I
RELATIVE TO TRANSPORTATION.
Memoranda for the chiefs of the general staff of the army at Wash-
ington .
All army of some twenty odd thousand men, regulars arid volun-
teers, including the troops already in Texas, is about to be di-
rected against Mexico, in several columns.
For the numbers of troops yet to be sent into Texas, the ren-
dezvous or points of departure, and the routes of march thither,
each chief of the general staff will obtain the information needful
to his particular department from the Secretary of War's calls upon
the governors of several States, and from the adjutant general.
Arms, accoutrements, ammunition, and camp equipage must be
thrown in advance upon the several rendezvous or points of depar-
ture, unless depots or arsenals should be in the routes which may
be given to volunteers. It is not foreseen that guns or field artil-
lery will be given to any body of volunteers other than a detach-
ment which will march under Colonel Kearny, from Fort Leaven-
worth, (See instructions on the subject given to that officer.)
Subsistence will also be thrown in advance upon the several ren-
dezvous given, and as far as practicable on the several routes thence
to be given to both regulars and volunteers. Hard bread and bacon
(side pieces or middlings) are suggested and recommended for
marches, both on account of health and comparative lightness of
transportation. On many of the routes it is supposed beef cattle
may be obtained in tolerable abundance.
With the means of transportation by water and land, according
to the several routes to be given to the troops — and, on land,
whether wagons or pack mules, or both wheels and packs — the
quartermaster general will charge himself at once, ad as fast as
the necessary data can be settled or known. It may, however, be
now assumed by him, and the two other chiefs of staff in question,
that Cincinnati, and Newport (Kentucky;) Madison or Jefferson,
Indiana; Louisville and Smithland, Kentucky; Quincy or Alton,
Illinois; Memphis and Nashville, Tennessee; Washington or Ful-
ton, on the Red river, and Natchez, Mississippi, will be appointed
as places of rendezvous for considerable bodies of volunteers, about
to be called for by the War Department. For marches by land, a
projet for the means of transportation, by company, battalion, or
regiment, according to route, is requested, as a general plan. The
means of transportation on and beyond the Rio Grande, using for
the latter purpose those which may accompany the troops, will re-
quire a particular study; but boats for transporting supplies on that
river should be early provided — assuming the depth of water to a
certain height (up the river) at three or three and a half feet, and
to another distance, higher up, at two and a half feet.
WJNFIELD SCOTT.
HeAD-QL ARTERS OF THE ArMY,
Map 15, 1846.
Pi. 31}
If
sijLi- -
ion sii'' '
lot iv •.
are h- ■:
I:
Ex. Doc. No. 60. ^ 54T
May 18, 1846.
It is further desirable that the surgeon general should take earlr
measures to throw necessary supplies from his department upon the
places of rendezvous (as fast as they can be ascertained, as above)
for the different bodies of volunteers and regulars to be put in route
for the Rio Grande, and for the augmented forces about to be as-
sembled on that river,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
General T. S. Jesup,
Quart ertnaster General.
General George Gibso^t,
Commissary General Subsistence.
General N. Tov^^son,
Paymaster General.
Colonel George Talcott,
Ordnance Department.
Dr. Thomas Lawson,
Surgeon General.
|No. 51.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Mataj7ioras, June 10, 1846.
Sir: I beg leave earnestly to invite the attention of the depart-
ment to the following points:
1st. The great influx of volunteers at Point Isr^bel: five regfi-
T • • •
ments certainly from Louisiana, numbering say 3,600 men; two
regiments or battalions from Louisville and St. Louis, numbering
say 1,200 more; several companies from Alabama, and I know not
how, many from Texas, the latter now beginning to arrive. The
volunteer troops now under my orders amount to nearly 6,000 men.
How far they may be increased, without previous notification io
me, it is impossible to tell.
2d. The entire want of the proper kind of transportation to push
my operations up the river. The boats on which I depended for
this service were found to be nearly destroyed by worms, and en-
tirely unfit for the navigation of the river. At my instance. Major
Thomas, on the iSth of May, required from Lieutenant Colonel
Hunt a boat of the proper description, and followed it up in a few
days by a rf^quisition for another. At the last dates from New Or-
leans no boat had been procured. Captain Sanders, of the engi-
neers, was despatched by me to New Orleans to assist in procuring
suitable boats, but I have yet received no report from him.
As I have previously reported, my operations are completely
paralyzed by the want of suitable steamboats to navigate the Ilio
Granclc. Since the l8th of May the army has lain in camp near
this place, continually receiving heavy reinforcements of men, but
no facility for water transport, without which additional numbers
are but an embarrassment.
I desire to place myself right in this matter, and to let the de-
partment see that the inactivity of the army results from no neglect
of mine. I must express my astonishment that such large reinforce-
518 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
ments have been sent forward to join the army without being ac-
companied by the means of transportation, both by land and water,
to render them efficient. As matters now stand, whatever may be
the expectations of the department, I cannot move from this place;
and, unless Captain Sanders shall succeed in procuring boats of the
proper kind, I can give no assurance in regard to future operations^
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. General U. S. A.^ commanding^
The Adjutant General of the Jlrmy^
Washington^ D. C.
[Endorsement by the Adjutant General.]
Remark.
[''How far the volunteer force will be increased without previous
notification to me, it is impossible to tell."^ With regard to the
force called out by General "Gaines, and pushed forward by himy
General Taylor, no doubt, was not informed, as he could not be
from this office, because the amount was unknown. Of the twelve
m,onths men authorized by the Executive, the general was timely
and specially notified. See the general-inchief's instructions of
June 12, and adjutant general's of June 16.] — R. J.
[Endorsement by Major General Scott.]
Respectfully laid before the Secretary of War, who is requested.
to look at my circular, (memoranda,) sent round to chiefs of staff,,
including quartermaster general, dated May 15, 1846.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
June 27, 1846.
War Department,
Washington^ July 1, 1846.
'^Sir: It gives me sincere pleasure to transmit herewith a commis-
sion, issued to you by the President, of major general iji the army
cf the United Slates, pursuant to the first section of the act of Con-
gress, passed 18th of June last, a copy of which is also herfwith
enclosed.
On receiving your despatch No. 51, stating your want of means
for transporting troops, supplies, &.c., on the R.io Grande, I desired
the quartermaster general to inform me what measures had been
taken on that subject. I herewith send you his reply. I trust that
Ex. Doc. No. 60. . 549
the steps taken by your orders, and those of the quartermaster gen-
eral here, will have furnished the means to enable you to prosecute
active operations, as suggested in my letters of the 28th of May
and Sth of June. *
I anticipated the embarrassments of which you complained, by
the accumulation of troops before accommodations could be possi-
bly provided, and arrangements made for the employment of them.
The only relief which can be applied to the case is that contained
in my previous communication to you on the subject,* and in that
from the Adjutant General of the 25th of May.
The atrocious murder of Colonel Cross has created a general
anxiety that the guilty perpetrator of it should be brought to pun-
ishment. It is generally understood here that he is Romano Falcon,
and that the crime can be proved against him. If this be so, allow
me to express a hope that you may be able to get him into your
custody, to the end that he may be dealt with as he deserves. Any
fair and proper means you may deem fit to effect this will be ap-
proved and sanctioned by this department.
Verry respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding Army of Occupation on the Rio Grande.
Memoranda.
Lieutenant Colonel Hunt reported, on the 23d of May, that he
had been requested by Major Thomas to send to the Rio Grande a
light draught steamboat. On the 4th of June he reported that he
had not up to that time been able to obtain a suitable boat. On the
11th of June he reported that he had purchased the Undine and the
Troy, two light draught boats, and expected to buy one or two
more: had engaged one, which he expected in a week. On the
19th of June Colonel Whiting reported that Lieutenant Colonel
Hunt had purchased and chartered seven steamboats for the Rio
Grande. Captai7i Sanders, on the 21st of June, reports that he had.
purchased a boat, and on the 25th of June another, under orders
from General Taylor, for the Rio Grande. On the 12th of June,
the day on which I received the report of Lieutenant Colonel Hunt
of the 4th, I directed Captain Clark, then at Columbus, Georgia,
to ascertain whether suitable boats could be obtained on the Chata-
hoochee, and to communicate with Colonel Hunt.
On the 17th of June I p-ave authority to Lieutenant Colonel
Taylor, brother of General Taylor, then in this city, on his way tn
the south, to provide, on his way down the Ohio, all the transports
that he, after consulting Captain Sanders, might deem necessary
for the most efficient operations of the army under the command of
his brother.
550 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
On the 16th cf June Major Tompkins, at Cincinnati, was ordered
to puicbase three boats.
On the 20th of June Captain Wayne, assistant in my office, was
despatched to the soutji to examine one or more light draught iron
steamers; and, if they should be found suitable for service on the
Rio Grande and other shallow southern rivers, to purchase and have
them taken in the shortest time possible to the Brazos Sanlago.
On the 24th of June Captain Sanders was requested to purchase
or charter such boats as he might be assured would render efficient
service on the Rio Grande, and to employ pilots if he considered
Ihem necessary.
TIL S. JESUP.
Note. — Measures have been taken to prevent the accumulation
of a greater number of boats than will be required, whilst there
shall be a reasonable prospect of having enough.
[No. 52.] • Head-quarters, Army or Occupation,
' Matamorasj June 17, 1846.
Sir: I deem it proper to report that no advices have been re-
ceived from general head-quarters since the 10th inst.j "general
orders" No. 13, and " special orders" No. 45, both of May 26th,
being received on that day. Our dates from the north, through the
newspapers, are some days later.
No steamboats have been sent out from New Orleans for the
navigation of the Rio Grande; and in the absence of all informa-
tion on that point, or respecting the views of the government, I am
altogether in the dark as to our future operations. I must think
that orders have been given by superior authority to suspend the
forwarding of means of transportation from New Orleans. I can-
not otherwise account for the extraordinary delay shown by the
quartermaster's department in that city. Even the mails, contain-
ing probably important despatches from the government, are not
<?xpedited.
Lieutenant Colonel Wilson has occupied Reinosa without oppo-
sition. What remains of the Mexican army is understood to be still
at Linares, and has suffered from disease. Gen. Torrejon has died,
and Colonel Carasco, at last advices, was very ill. I learn that
Generals Arista and Ampudia have gone to Mexico — probably for
the trial of the former, or both.
Volunteer regiments have arrived from Louisville and St. Louis;
making, with those from Louisiana, eight strong and organized bat-
talions, mustering over 5,000 men. Li addition we have seven com-
panies-of Alabama volunteers, and twelve or fifteen companies from
Texas: others from Texas are continually arriving. A portion of
these volunteers have been l>ing in camp at this place for nearly
in
P
^_ — . _ — .. .j...^ ^ _ _ ^ — , „
nonth, completely paralyzed by the want of transportation. Ex-
osed, as they are in this climate, to diseases of the camp, and with-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 551
t)ut any prospect, so far as I can see, of being usefully employed,
I must recommend that they be allowed to return to their homes.
I have despatched Captain McCuUoch, a good partizan officer,
in the direction of Linares with his company, to gain information
touching the numbers and position of the enemy, and the resources
of the country.
I enclose herewith the descriptive roll of ilie detachment of
recruits brought out by Lieutenant McPhail.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. General U. S. A., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington J B.C. *
New Orleans, June 5, 1846.
Sir: By the instructions of General Taylor, (a copy of which I
have the honor to enclose,) you will perceive that he has sent me
hither to procure transportation, for the w^ant of which his move-
ments at the present moment are completely paralyzed. His new
base of operations requires his principal depot to be at Camargo,
which is ]50 miles inland. To get his supplies there, and keep his
wagon train free to move w^ith the army, renders it imperatively
necessary to use the river in transporting them. The distance
from the mouth of the Rio Bravo to Camargo by the river is from
350 to 400 miles. I have been up as far as Matamoras. From
personal observation, and the best information I can procure about
that part of the river which I have not seen, I am satisfied that
none but our lightest draught river boats will answer 'the purposes
of navigation on that river. These boats are very fragile, and
there will be serious risk of their loss in carrying them from the
Mississippi to the Rio Bravo. The general, with his usual close
and strict economy in all public expenditures, has limited the num-
ber to the fewest which, under the most favorable circumstances,
could answer his pu'poses. Colonel Hunt, of the quartermaster's
department, thinks w^ith tne that the number should be doubled;
that is, increased to eight. I have taken this informal but direct
way of appealing to you for authority to increase the number. To
have half transportation when ready to start v^^ould again thwart
the best arranged movement. There is nothing which will so
firmly secure our acquisition of the Rio Bravo as the introduction
of steam navigation on its waters. Also, I do not despair of seeing
one of the lightest boats being sent up as far as the crossings of
the roads from San Antonio to Mexico, which must be the routes
followed by any jnounted troops sent by land from the Mississippi
valley into Mexico. Colonel Hunt and myself are both satisfied
that not over two of the proper kind of boats can be procured here;
I therefore start immediately for Louisville. I expect to get one
of the public boats from Colonel Long, of the topographical engi-
552 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
neers. If I cannot obtain another suitable one there, I certainly
can at Cincinnati. As soon as I have procured and sent off the
four boats, I have the general's verbal permission to visit nay family
at Pittsburg; at which place I hope I may receive your authority
of procuring the additional number which seems so indispensably
requisite for the certain transportation of our military stores. The
general's calculation of the wants of transportation was for a muck
smaller number of troops than are evidently being sent to him.
Very respectfully sir, I have the honor to be your obedient
servant,
JOHN SANDERS,
Captain Engineers.
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War^ Washington.
Head-quarteks, Army or Occupation,
Matamoras, May 28, 1846.
Sir: With a view to expedite the procuring of small steamboats
for the navigation of the Rio Grande, which is indispensable to
future operations, the commanding general directs that you proceed
without delay to New Orleans, and there assist Lieutenant Colonel
Hunt in procuring boats of the proper draught and description.
Four boats Avill be required, and you may give assurances that
they will receive employment at good prices in transporting
military stores on the river. Should any change in the conditioa
of affairs render it necessary to discharge them at an earlier period
than is now contemplated, you will assure the proprietors that they
shall be remunerated for the time so lost.
In executing this service you will please communicate with
Lieutenant Colonel Hunt, to whom you will show this letter of
instructions, and also with Colonel Winthrop, who has promised
his aid in this matter.
The proper draught of the boats and the description best adapted
to the purpose you have already learned from the commanding
general.
After the completion of this ser"'/ice you will please return to
head-quarters.
If the requisite number, or indeed the proper kind of boats,
cannot be procured at once in New Orleans, you will proceed up
the Mississippi and Ohio rivers until you fully accomplish the
object of your mission.
The commanding general deems it preferable to make arrange-
ments for compensating the boats by giving the owners assurances
of their receiving liberal prices for freight, but the boats must be
procured if they have either to be bought or chartered.
As expedition is essential in this business, arrangements must be
made to have at least the fir*!t boats you engage or procure towsd
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 553
found the coast by some good sea boat of sufficient power to pre-
vent any unnecessary detention or delays.
I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Jldjutant General.
Captain Jno. Sanders,
Corps of Engineers^ Matamoras.
Quartermaster General's Office, ^
Washington city, June 24, 1846.
Sir: I have to-day received your letter of the 21st instant. It is
my desire, as I believe it is that of every one here, to render the
most efficient aid to General Taylor's operations. You were right
to act at once, without waiting for special authority from Wash-
ington. You are acquainted with the Rio Grande, and I desire
you to purchase or charter such boats as you are confident will
render efficient service- If you consider pilots necessary, employ
them.
The three boats, Utica, New Haven, and Swiftsure, were specially
recommended to me by Captain Page, of the ocean steamer Mc-
Kim, who is a seaman as well as an old steamboat captain. Had
he not been placed in command of a sea steamer, he would have
purchased those boats for the Rio Grande. If you consider them
unsuited to that river, I will thank you to request Major Tomp-
kins not to buy them. After a confinement of several days to my
room I am out to-day, but not well.
I will return the map in two or three days.
I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant,
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain John Sanders,
U. S. Engineers, Pittsburg, Pa.
Extracts from a letter of Captain J. Sa7iders, engineer corps, to the
quartermaster general.
u Pittsburg, July 2, 1846.
*' I have the honor to report that I have completed my purchases
of light draught steamboats on account of your department, for the
transportation of military stores on the Rio Grande. I send here-
with a descriptive list of the same.
********
" Allow me, general, to take this occasion of expressing my ac-
knowledgments not only for the ready and cheerful assistance and
hearty co-operation which you had the kindness to extend to me
in the discharge of this duty, but also for that w^hich I have re-
554 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
ceived from the hands of those (if I may be permitted to say so)
highly ;;ealous and active officers, Colonel Hunt and Major Tomp-
kins, of your department. I shall most assuredly take the liberty
of reporting the same to my commanding general.
" I have the honor to remain, &c.,
''JOHN SANDERS,
" Captain Engineers.^^
0 Quartermaster General's Office,
Washington city^ July 5, 1846.
Captain: I have received your letter of the 2d instant, and in
reply have to assure you that for the support which you have re-
ceived from this department no extraordinary ciedit is due. You
were employed on an important duty, and it would have been
criminal in any officer of the department not to have given you all
the aid in his power. Apart from all considerations of duty, how-
ever, I am disposed to sustain General Taylor to the utmost; and
as far as the means, the energies, and the credit of the department
shall enable me, he may rely on all that I can accomplish for him.
I sustained him for more than two months by using appropriations
for the service of his army which the President would have been
impeached for using. It was contrary to law to divert them from
the objects to which Congress intended they should be applied, but
I considered that the situation of the army caused an overruling
necessity which justified the course which I adopted. I shall
never forget how faithfully and ably General Taylor sustained me
in riorida.
It has occurred to me that many of the obstructions to the navi-
gation of the Rio Grande might be removed by a good dredging
machine. In Florida I availed myself of the stearaboais on the
St. John more than double the distance I could have used them
without dredge boats. If you think a dredging boat and machine"
can be made advantageous, you are authorized to purchase, or
cause to be prepared, a suitabl'e one, and cause it to be put in
operation as soon as possible.
I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant,
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain John Sanx)Eks,
Corps of Engineers^ Pittshurgj Pa.
JVole hy the Secretary of War.
The passage in the foregoing letter which relates to diverting
appro'j)riations was first brought to my notice while preparing the
documents to answer the resolution of the House of Representa-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 555
tives. General Jesup being absent, has been written to for an ex-
planation.
The following certificates — one from the Second Comptroller,
and the other from the requisition clerk of this department — will
show that no appropriation has been overdrawn, and that in set-
tling the accounts the appropriations for this department have been
applied to the objects for which they were intended by Congress.
Treasury Department,
Second Comptroller's Office^ February 8, 1847.
All requisitions on the treasury from the Secretary of War, call-
ing for money to be placed in the hands of the disbursing officers,
come directly to this office from the War Department.
It is my duty, as Comptroller of the Treasury, to examine such
requisitions, to see if they are " warranted by law."
No requisition is permitted to pass unless there is a balance on
the books of this office to the cretlit of the appropriation on which
it is drawn, sufficient to meet it.
The amount of the requisition, if passed, is charged to the officer
in whose favor it is drawn, and he is required strictly to account for
its expenditure, by the production of vouchers, showing the appli-
cation of the money to the purpose for which it was appropriated.
In no case has an appropriatioM been overdrawn on a requisition
passed at this office, nor has any account been admitted and passed
at this office where the money has been applied to a purpose dif-
ferent from that for which it was appropriated.
ALBION K. PARRIS,
Comptroller.
February 8, 1847.
Being the clerk in the office of the Secretary of War whose duty
it is to make out requisitions for money on the Treasury Depart-
ment, I hereby certify that in no instance, since the troops were
ordered into Texas, has a requisition been issued by the Secretary
of War on a request or draft from the quartermaster's department,
where there was not sufficient money to the credit of the appropri-
ation to pay it.
NATHAN RICE,
Requisition CleTfk.
Since the foregoing Avas prepared, I have received from General
Jesup a reply to my letter to him asking an explanation of the
passage in his letter to Captain Sanders. Both my letter and his
reply follow.
W. L. MARCY,
War Department, February 10, 1847.
Sir: A resolution has been passed in the House of Representa-
tives, as you may have observed by the newspapers, calling upon
556 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
the President to furnish to that bod)'-, among other matters, the
correspondence with the quartermaster's department in relation to
transportation for the army.
In your letter of the 5th of July last, addressed to Captain San-
ders, sent out from the Rio Grande by General Taylor to procure
boats for that river, there is a paragraph first brought to the notice
of the President and myself while preparing to respond to the reso-
lution, which, unexplained, may be used to sustain a grave charge
against the department. The paragraph to which I refer is as fol-
lows: "I sustained" (you say in your letter to Captain Sanders)
*' him " (General Taylor) "for more than two months by using ap-
propriations for the service of his army which the President would
have been impeached for using. It was contrary to law to divert
them from the objects to which Congress intended they should be
applied, but I considered that the situation of the army caused an
overruling necessity which justified the course which I adopted. I
shall never forget how faithfully and ably General Taylor sustained
me in Florida."
The exigency and circumstances to which you refer are not set
forth, and I cannot explain them to the President. I recollect that
when the troops were ordered into Texas the appropriation for
transportation was found insufiicient for that purpose, but it is my
impression that the deficiency resulting from the unexpected emer-
gency was supplied by a transfer from other appropriations, which
■was made by the President pursuant to lawful authority. If any-
thing beyond this was done, it was not made known to the Presi-
dent. If " an overruling necessity " required the course you adopted,
it is regretted that it was not reported to the President for his di-
rection, and, if unavoidable, his explanation to Congress on the
earliest occasion. I cannot but think that the paragraph which I
have quoted is capable of some explanation that will change its ap-
parent character, for the accounts in relation to the appropriations
for your department have all been adjusted at the treasury, and it
does not thei;e appear that any part of any one appropriation has
been permanently diverted from objects to which it was designed
by Congress.
I hope this communication will be received by you in season for
a reply, which may, if necessary, be laid before Congress before its
adjournment.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Thomas S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General U. S. A., JYeio Orleans^ La.
New Orleans, February 18, 1847.
Sir: I have received this moment your letter of the 10th instant,
and I hasten to reply to it. The circumstances to which I alluded
Ex. Doc. No. 60. ^^557
in my letter to Captain Sanders are these: The appropriations for
the active service had mostly been exhausted. • There were large
balances of other appropriations subject to my control. Congress
■was in session, and the President could not make a transfer. With-
out consulting you, I applied large amounts of those balances to
the active service. Not having access to the records of ray office,
I cannot say what funounts they were, or to what officers remitted;
but Lieutenant Colonel Hunt received here one hundred and five
thousand dollars of those balances, and applied the whole to the
support of General Taylor's army.
General Taylor had complained of the quartermaster's depart-
ment. I had received the impression that he believed he was
not cordially supported by the officers of the department. In
writing to his confidential agent I wished to show him that I was
rea'H' to support him, not only by performing all my ordinary du-
ties, but by assuming any responsibility the exigency of the service
might require.
When I remarked to Captain Sanders that you or the President
could be impeached for acting as I had acted, I alluded merely to
the illegality of applying appropriations to objects different from
those for which they had been m^de by Congress, and to the want
of legal authority in either to sanction what I had done.
I did not consult you on the subject of using those balances, be-
cause you could not have given me any legal authority to use them.
I considered the necessity of the case as it existed sufficient for my
own justification, should my conduct in the matter ever be questioned.
I intended no reflection either upon you or the President, nor did
it occur to me that my remarks could be so understood by any one.
I wished to convince a brother officer, with whom I had been on
the most friendly terms for years, that the impressions which I sup-
posed he entertained were unfounded, and that in his case I had a
personal as well as a public motive for sustaining him to the ut-
most.
I am much gratified that you have afforded rae the opportunitv
of this explanation, and I am, sir, with high consideration and re-
spect,
Your obedient servant,
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Hon. W. L, Marcy,
Secretary of War^ Washington City.
{No. 83, J Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camargo, September 1, 1846.
Sir; Before marching for the interior, I beg leave to place on
record some remarks touching an important branch of the public
service, the proper administration of which is indispensable to the
efficiency of a campaign. I refer to the quartermaster's depart-
ment, There is at this moment, when the army is about to take
558 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
up a long line of march, a great deficiency of proper means of
transport, and of mtiny important supplies.
On the 26th April, when first apprizing you of the increased
force called out by me, I wrote that I trusted the War Department
■would "give the necessary orders to the staff department for the
supply of this large additional force;" and when first advised ' of
the heavy force of 12-months volunteers ordered hither, I could
not doubt that such masses of troops would be accompanied, or
preferably preceded, by ample means of transportation, and all
other supplies necessary to render them efficient. But such has
not been the case. Suitable steamboats for the Rio Grande were
not procured without repeated efforts directed from this quarter,
and many weeks elapsed before a lodgement could be made at this
place, the river being perfectly navigable. After infinite delays
and embarrassments, I have succeeded in bringing forward a por-
tion of the army to this poiut, and now the steamers procured in
Pittsburg are just arriving. I hazard nothing in saying that, if
proper foresight and energy had been displayed in sending out
suitable steamers to navigate the Rio Grande, our army would long
since have been in possession of Monterey.
Again, as to land transport. At this moment our wagon train is
considerably less than when we left Corpus Christi^our force
being increased five-fold. Had we depended upon means from
without, the army would not have been able to move from this
place. But fortunately the means of land transport existed to some
extent in the country in the shape of pack mules, and we have
formed a train which will enable a small army to advance, perhaps,
to Monterey. I wish it distinctly understood that our ability to
move is due w^holly to means created here, and which could not
have been reckoned upoi' with safety in Washington.
I have adverted to the grand points of water and land transpor-
tation. Of the want of minor supplies, the army has suffered more
than enough. The crying deficiency of camp equipage has been
partially relieved by the issue of cotton tents of indifferent quality.
Our cavalry has been paralyzed by the want of horse shoes, horse
shoe nails, and even common blacksmiths' tools, while many
smaller deficiencies are daily brought to my notice.
I respectfully request that the above statement, which I make in
justice to myself and the service, may be laid before the general-
in-chief and Secretary of War.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A.^ coinmanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington y D. C.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. • ' 559
War Department,
Washington, September 21, 1846.
Sir: A letter of Major General Taylor, of the 1st instant, ad-
dressed to the adjutant general, and by him laid before i^k pur-
suant to the request therein, is of such an extraordinary chiracter,
and impeaches in such unqualified terms the management of that
branch of the public service committed to you, that I have deemed
it to be my duty to order a copy of it to be placed in your hands,
and to direct your particular attention to it.
The avowed object of Gen. Taylr>r in presenting these complaints,
or rather accusations, against the quartermaster's department, is to
make them a matter of record. I am extremely unvrilling, and I
presume you cannot be less so than myself, that they should there
remain without explanation or investigation.
I am fully aware of the great difficulties unavoidable in the man-
agement of the quartermaster's department on the sudden occur-
rence of a war, when the country was not prepared for such an
emergency. General Taylor must be presumed to be as well ac-
quainted with all the circumstances of embarrassment attending the
quartermaster's department as any other person, and yet his ar-
raignment of it is not qualified by any allusion to them. The in-
ference is, that, all proper allow^ances made, he considers that the
management of the affairs of the quartermaster's department has
been such as to deserve censure. Such appears to me to be his
meaning, and such, I apprehend, will be the general impression
resulting from the perusal of his letter. If this censure is really
deserved, it is proper that those obnoxious to it should be ascer-
tained, and dealt with as their conduct deserves; but if, on the
contrary, it shall be found that the officers of the quartermaster's
department have done their duty in a proper and efficient manner,
as I trust will be case, steps must be taken to remove the erroneous
impression and vindicate their official conduct.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Thomas S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General U. S. Army.
N. B. — The copy has been furnished to the quartermaster gen-,
■eral by the adjutant general.
New Orleans, December 5, 1846.
Sir: When I received your letter of the 21st September, on the
subject of Major General Taylor's complaints, I was apprehensive
that neglect or omissions had occurred on the part of som^ one or
more of the subordinate officers of the department, by which his
operations had been seriously embarrassed; but I have looked into
the whole matter, and I am bound in justice to say that no class
of officers, not even General Taylor and the most distinguished
5G0 - Ex. Doc. No. 60.
men around him, have better or more faithfully performed their
duty; and if any thing has been -wanting which they could have
su'.^plied, it has been because the proper orders were not given or
timel^requisitions made.
Inlfcntlucting a war, it is the duty of the government to desig-
nate the object to be accomplished; it is then the duty of the geu-
etal who conducts the operations to call for the means required to
accomplish that object. If he fall to do so, he is himself respon-
sible for all the consequences of his omission. General Taj lor
complains of want of water and land transportation, camp equip-
age, and shoes for his cavalry horses. As to water transportation,
I find that he called for a single light draught steamer early in
May. Lieutenant Colonel Hunt could not at once obtain a suitable
boat, but he executed the order as soon as it was possible. Late
in May, or early in June, General Taylor considering four boats
necessary, appointed his own agents to obtain them. I was at the
time taking measures, under the orders of General Scott, to obtain
suitable boats for the navigation of the Rio Grande; but, having
no reliable information in relation to the navigation of that river,
and believing General Taylor's agents possessed of the requisite
knowltdge, I preferred that they should execute his orders; and I
limited my action in the matter to doubling the number called for
"by General Taylor, and authorising a further increase, if considered
necessary, by his brother and one of his agents. The number re-
quired by the general was, I believe, nearly quadrupled, ultimatelyj
Ly the officers of the department. As to the complaint of the gen-
eral, that the steamers from Pittsburg were then (September 1st)
just arriving, it is proper to state that these were the very boats
procured by one of his own agents. When at Pittsburg, I inquired
into the delay of those boats; and it is but justice to Captain
Sanders, General Taylor's agent, to say, that no effort was spared
to get them into service as early as possible.
As to the complaint in regard to the want of land transportation,
it is proper to remark, that there was no information at Washing-
ton, so far as I was informed, to enable me or the War Depart-
ment to determine whether wagons could be used in Mexico. Gen-
eral Taylor, though he had both mounted troops and topographical
engineers, had not supplied the want of that information; besides,
he had not, as far as 1 know, or belie_ve, intimated to any depart-
ment his intentions, or wishes, in regard to the means of trans-
poitatior to be used. It was known that he had a wagon train
amply sufficient for double the force he commanded before the ar-
rival of the volunteers. Added to that, he had General Arista's
means of transportation; and he was in a country abounding in
mules — the means of transportation best adapted to the country,
and the only means used by the enemy. A general is expected to
avail himself of the resources of the country in which he operates. If
General Taylor failed to do so, and was v^'ithout the necessary trans-
portation, he alone is resnonsible. Those means were limited only by
his own will. He had officers of the quartermaster's department
able to have executed his orders, and willing to carry out his views;
his authority alone was wanting.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 561
As to camp equipage, you are aware that thp appropriation which
I asked for last year was stricken out, and that not a cent was ap-
propriated, which could be legally applied to that object, before
the 9th and 13th of May. When thp appropriations were made,
tke officers of the department were compelled to obtain materials
wheresoever they could get them, and such as they could get.
Cotton cloth was necessarily substituted for linen in the fabrication
of tents. I have no doubt a great deal of the material was of the
quality represented by General Taylor; but that was, under the
circumstances, unavoidable. The officers obtained the best they
could get, and deserve credit for their exertions, in place of the
censures they have received.
I am somewhat at a loss to imagine why the deficiency of shoes
for the dragoon horses was made a subject of complaint against
the quartermaster's department. A blacksmith is allowed, by law,
to every troop of dragoons. It is the duty of every commander
of a troop to have his shoeing tools complete, and to have, at all
times, the necessary shoe and nail iron; and it is the duty of the
regimental commander to see that timely requisitions be made.
Now, if those officers failed to have what was necessary to the ef-
ficiency of their commands, let General Taylor hold them account-
able. The quartermaster's department is not responsible for their
neglects.
As I came through the western country to this city, I was in-
formed that a report was circulating that General Taylor would
have taken forward to Monterey a much larger force of volunteers,
but for the neglect of the quartermaster's department to furnish
the means of transportation. In reply to that report, I respect-
fully ask your attention to the letter of General Taylor of the 2d
of July, to the adjutant general. There he tells you, through that
officer, that he proposes to operate from Camargo to Monterey; he
tells you that he will operate with a column of about 6,000 men;,
that he must rely on the country for meat, and depot at Camargo
for bread; and adds, as the reason for not taking a greater force,
that a column exceeding six thousand men cannot be supplied on
that route with bread alone.
I feel, sir, that every officer of the department has performed
his duty faithfully, if not ably, and that the charges of General
Taylor are both unjust and unmerited. As regards myself, I feel
that I have performed my whole duty, both to the country and to
the army; and, if the slightest doubt remain on that subject, I owe
it to myself to demand an immediate and thorough investigation
of my conduct, and that of the department, from tiie commence-
ment of operations on the Texan frontier, as well previous to, as
during the war.
I am, sir, most respectfully, your obedient servant,
TH. S. JESUP,
Major General^ Quartermaster General .
The Hon. Wm. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War^ Washington city.
36
562 " Ex. Doc. No. 60.
War Department,
Washington, October 1, 1846.
Sir: I have the honor to enclose, herewith, for your information,
a copy of an application of the quartermaster general for orders to
proceed to New Orleans to direct, in person, the operations of his
department in the southwest, and a copy of the communication
which has this day been addressed to him, complying with his re-
quest upon that subject.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Z. Taylor,
U. S. Ji., Carnargo, Mexico.
Quartermaster General's Office,
Washington city, September 26, 1846.
Sir: A careful review of the difficulties attending the opera-
tions of the branch of the public service confided to my adminis-
tration has convinced me that an officer of rank, willing to assume
all necessary responsibility, and with full authority to do so, should
be near the scene of the more important operations of the army.
I propose, should it meet your approbation and that of the Pre-
sident, to proceed to New Orleans, and take upon myself the gen-
eral direction of the affairs of the department there and on the
frontier, in order that every exigency may be met and provided for
without the delay and inconvenience that result from waiting in-
structions from Washington.
The only possible objection that could be urged against the pro-
posed measure in my case, it seems to me, is the question of rank —
my brevet of major general making me the senior of every officer
now serving in Mexico; but that I waive. I do not desire mili-
tary command; and without a different commission from that which
I hold, I would not accept it. I propose to go in my capacity as
an officer of the staff, ready to obey the orders of General Taylor,
General Butler, General Patterson, General Wool, or any- other
officer whom the government or the accidents of service may place
in command of the army, or of any separate division of it. My
only object is to benefit the country, by securing the utmost
efficiency to the measures of my own department, and by that
means giving effect to the whole service.
I propose to visit the depots near the army, for the purpose of
inspection, and such other posts and places as the proper discharge
of my duties may render necessary.
With great consideration and respect, I have the honor to be,
sir, your obedient servaat,
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster Genera!.
The Hon. Wm. L. Marcv,
Secretary of War, Washington city.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 563
War Department, October 1, 1846,
Sir: I have received your letter of the 26th ultimo, in which
you propose to proceed to New Orleans and take upon yourself the
general direction of the affairs of the quartermaster's department
there, and on the frontiers of Mexico, "in order that every exi-
gency may be met and provided for, without the delay and incon-
vience that result from waiting instructions from Washington."
Though I. do not conceive that you could take any command in
the line without an order of assignment thereto by the President,
yet your waiver of any claim to do so, and your proposition to go
in your capacity as an officer of the staff — quartermaster general —
ready to obey the orders of General Taylor, General Butler, Gen-
eral Patterson, General Wool, or any other officer whom the gov-
ernment or the accidents of service may place in command of the
army, or any separate division of it, with the express understand-
ing that you repair to New Orleans and the seat of war only for
the purpose of directing and supervising the duties of the quarter-
master's department, and causing them to be executed in a more
prompt and efficient manner than you could do while stationed
here, will remove all questions that might otherwise arise in rela-
tion to command in the line.
Your proposition is therefore approved, and you will accordingly
proceed to its execution, without delay, other than what may be
necessary for preliminary arrangements.
Besides giving a general, and, as far as practicable, a personal
superintendence to the current business of your department in that
direction, so as to impart to that business the utmost energy and
efficiency, you will inquire into and report upon the previous. ar-
rangements and expenditures of your subordinates, many of which
have been complained of in certain quarters as inefficient, dilatory,
and extravagant. Past errors in arrangements or expenditures, if
any, should be ascertained, reported, and, as far as practicable, cor-
rected; and all future disbursements will be kept within the limits
of the regulations of the army, and the exigencies of the service —
taking care that the latter shall not suffer from the want of any
reasonable or proper means which it is within the compass of the
quartermaster's department to supply.
You will cause full information, from time to time, to be sent to
this department of the transactions in regard to your branch of the
public service.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Brevet Major General Thomas S. Jesup,
Qurtermaster General U. S. Army.
564 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Head-quarters, Q. M. General's Department,
JYew Orleans, Movemher 7, 1846.
Sir: One of the steamers which the President and yourself de-
sired me to purchase (the Natchez) was lost on the coast of Cuba
in the gale of the 11th of October; and I think it extremely doubt-
ful whether the other (the Alabama) can be purchased at a fair
price. The owners, I learn, are holding her up for a charter with
the government; and as there is no other boat on the gulf at all to
be compared to her, they expect to make their own terms. She
cannot be purchased, I am told, for less than $90,000, if for that.
That sum is tco much for her; and if a boat could be obtained at
the north equal to her, I would not think of purchasing her at all.
The "Southener," now running between New York and Charleston,
is a new boat— is better than the Alabama, and is equal, in propor-
tion to her tonnage, to the Cunard steamers. I was informed to-
day that she could be purchased for about $100,000. She would
not, unless from accident, require repairs for three years. The Ala-
bama is an old boat, and is much dearer at $90,000, or even $80,000,
than the ether at $100,000. I have written to New York, and have
had a letter written to Charleston, to ascertain the lowest sum for
which she can be purchased. If operations commence south before
•we purchase, the Alabama will have to be chartered.
Had we foreseen the nature of the navigation of the Mexican
coasts and harbors, and of the Rio del Norte, and built suitable
steamboats several months ago, a million of dollars might have been
saved by this time. We have now a sufficient number of boats that
do very well for the river, but suitable lighters cannot be pur-
chased, and must be built; and if we cannot obtain either the
Southerner or the Alabama, a similar boat should be built for the
gulf.
The distance we have to pass over is so vast, and the navigation
so difficult, that the amount of transportation required is enor-
mous. The distance from the Mississippi to the Rio del Norte
is greater than from the latter to the Pacific ocean, or from the
former to the Atlantic.
1 am waiting here the return of Mr. McLane from the head-quar-
ters of General Taylor. On the information which I may receive
from hirti will depend, in some degree, the measures 1 shall con-
sider it my duty to adopt; but you and the President may rest
assured that everything which energy and perseverance can accom-
plish shall be done, to enable your generals to effect the objects
you have in view.
With high consideration, I have the honor to be your obedient
servant,
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Hon. W. L. Marcv,
Secretary of TFar, Washington city.
P, S. — I offered yesterday $65,000 for the Alabama, and I have
this moment heard from the owners; they have fallen in their price
from $90^000 to $85,000.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 565
Head-quarters, Q. M. General's Department,
Jfew Orleans^ JYovember 25, 1846.
Sir: I have the satisfaction to inform you that I have succeeded
in purchasing the steamship Alabama for $75,000, $15,000 less
than was asked for her on the 5th instant. T heard, a few days ago,
from the owners of the Southerner; they asked for that ship
$180,000; that sum is $80,000 more than she is worth. The Ala-
bama is worth the sum we have purchased her for. We would not
have gotten her for that sum, had I not positively declined char-
tering her or any other large boat upon any terms that could be ac-
cepted. I had publicly declared that I would not pay for any
steamer more than $7,000 per month.
Whatsoever may be the measures proposed by the government
in Mexico, you may rest satisfied that they shall be carried out so
far as relates to this department.
I have this moment seen the Hon. Mr. La Sere, the member from,
this city, and have requested him to press upon the Post Office De-
partment the absolute necessity of establishing an express mail to
this city, and a line of mail steamers to Brazos San lago, and other
ports south of this city, which are now or may be occupied by the
army.
I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant,
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War^ Washington city.
Head-quarters, Q. M. General's Department,
JVew Orleans, JVovemher 26, 1846.
Sir: I succeeded yester/day in purchasing the steamer Fashion
for $45,000. We have now sufficient steam transports for any oper-
ations the government may order; and there are at this city and
1 Brazos San lago sufficient camp equipage, wagons, and harness for
the use of any number of troops that will probably be employed.
Mules for draught aad packing can be obtained in Mexico, if the
proper measures be taken, in any numbers that may be required.
The authority of the general, however, will be necessary to enable
the officers of the quartermaster's department to collect them.
I respectfully submit for the consideration of the War Depart-
ment the propriety of permitting citizens of the United States, as
posts are taken and occupied by our troops on the gulf, to enter
with merchandise for the purpose of trading with the Mexicans.
All articles that could be used against us in war might be prohibit-
ed. If the sale of tobacco, dry goods, &c., were permitted, the
disbursing officers in Mexico could obtain, either for treasury notes
or drafts, all the specie they would require there, without the ex-
pense or risk of transporting it thither; and we could often com-
mand the resources of the country in labor and means of transpor-
566 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
tation through our merchants, when the people of the country
would be afraid to deal directly with public officers.
I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant,
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Hon. Wm. L, Marcy,
Secretary of War, Washington city.
Head-quarters, Q. M. General's Department,
JVew Orleans^ JYovember 28, 1846.
Sir: Mr. McLane returned from the head-quarters of the army
of Mexico last night. From the information received from him of
the state of things there, as well as from information derived from
reports and from other sources, I consider it my duty to proceed at
once to Matamoras. General Patterson I learn has orders to pro-
ceed by land to Victoria or Tampico, and is delayed by the want
of transportation; and this, too, in a country possessing the means
of transportation for a population of more than two hundred thou-
sand souls. The authority of the general-in-chief of the army in
the field, or of the general commanding the division ordered to
move, would alone suffice to obtain all the transportation necessary
for any operations; but it is my duty to say that there has been no
provident foresight exercised by any one in command, as far as I
am informed and believe; but the officers of the department have,
like myself, been obliged to guess what might be wanted, and risk
an over supply of some, and not a sufficient supply of other arti-
cles. Every thing asked for by the army has been furmished many
times over, I believe, unless it were the tents required by Colonel
(now General) Twiggs for his horses, which I believe you and Co-
lonel Stanton refused to allow, and properly so; for there would
have been quite as much propriety in requiring mosquito bars as-
tents for the cavalry horses.
To enable me to place matters in a proper train on the frontier^
from eighty to a hundred thousand dollars will be required. I will
direct Captain Hetzel to draw on Colonel Stanton for the sum re-
quired, and I ask the favor of you that the drafts be promptly paid.
I have the honor to be, sir, your most obedient servant,
TH. S. JESUP,
Major General, and Quartermaster General.
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War, Washington city.
New Orleans, December 3, 1846.
Sir: Mr. McLane, for whose arrival I was waiting, having re-
turned, I was about to proceed to Brazos on the 1st instant in the
Alabama, when I found an opportunity of obtaining valuable infor-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 567
mation in relation to the harbors and towns on the coast of Mexico,
of the resources of the country in the vicinity of them, and of the
routes into the interior. I accordingly sent Capta'n Hetzel for-
ward, and waited for the Fashion, which will leave on Saturday
the 5th, and proceed via La Vaca to Brazos. I have obtained
much valuable and useful information. I have, besides, had an. op-
portunity of inquiring into a report which was rife here yesterday,
and which has alTected to some extent insurances to-day, that sev-
eral privateers, acting under authority of the Mexican gq\"ernment,
are about to precipitate themselves from the ports of Cuba upon
our commerce in the gulf. They have been variously estimated to
jiumber from twelve to forty. That there is seme truth in the
report there can be no doubt, though the number has been greatly
exaggerated. There can be as little doubt that if they commence
their plunderings, it will be with the connivance of the Spanish
authorities. A single privateer could at any time during the last
six months have cut off the supplies of the army in Mexico. There
has been no naval protection afforded, and we owe our security to
the want of energy, or the want of means of our enemy.
Determined energy on the part of the government will put down
the whole scheme of privateering. Let Spain be made responsible,
' and make Cuba the forfeit, if a single privateer proceed from one
of her ports, or a single prize be taken into one of them. She has
-the power to prevent it, and should be compelled to do so. If she
do not, you can readily get a hundred thousand men to force her
to do it.
I made a contract on the 1st instant for two thousand best draught
Mexican mules, to be delivered at Matamoras and Brazos San lag©
within the present month. Ten thousand could have been obtained
at any time since the army has been in Mexico, had proper measures
been adopted to obtain them.
General Wool, I apprehend, has embarrassed himself with an
unwieldy train of several hundred wagons among the mountains of
Mexico. I foresaw that if he used wagons, his operations would
be without results. I apprehend his large train, gotten up at great
expense, will be lost. He cannot take it forward, and it will re-
quire a guard to bring it back that he cannot very well spare, and
which he ought not to spare. Had General Harrison waited for
wagons, he would not have captured the British army in 1813.
I go to La Vaca to give the necessary orders for the supply of
the Texan regiment, and to have that portion of General Wool's
train which we can reach transferred to the Rio Grande. Thence
I shall go to the Rio Grande, and, after putting every thing in a
proper state there, to Tampico; and should active operations not
soon commence, I will return to this city.
I am, sir, most respectfully, your obedient servant,
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster GeneraL
The Hon. Wm. L. Marcv.
Secretary of War^ Washington city.
568
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Brazos San Iago, Texas,
December 27, 1846.
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter
of the 11th instant.
Transportation can be provided here for all the troops that may
be drawn from the army under the command of General Taylor,
and for all the ordnance, ordnance stores, and other supplies,
which may be drawn either from this depot or from New Orleans.
The publj^ transports — I mean those owned by the United States —
that can be spared for the contemplated operations, it is estimated
will carry three thousand men, with all their supplies. Vessels
can be chartered here on favorable terms for any additional trans-
portation that may be required. The point of concentration, Pen-
sacola, is too distant from our object — secrecy in our country is out
of the question. When I left New Orleans on the 6th instant^ the
public seemed to understand, as well as the officers who are to con-
duct the operations, that Vera Cruz was the object of attack.
General Scott, who is here, has decided to concentrate at the islands
of Blanquilla and Lobos, a few miles southeast of cape Roxo, and
some fifteen or twenty miles north of Tuspan. Southwest of these
islands is perhaps the best anchorage on the gulf — sufficient for a
hundred ships, well sheltered from the northers. The English have
used this anchorage in their smuggling operations more than a cen-
tury; and it is the place where their ships that take quicksilver to
Tampico, for the mines of San Luis and Catorce, await the returns
from the interior. From these islands to Vera Cruz, distant about
two hundred miles, the coast is clear and deep; throughout the
whole distance there is from 4| to 6 fathoms w^ater at from one to
two miles from the shore. The only points in the w^hole distance
presenting the slightest danger are some rocky ridges stretching
out from Juan Angel and Pont Gorda, which every seaman who has
ever been on the coast knows how to avoid. The point selected by
the general being the resort of vessels coming to Tampico, will
distract the enemy's attention by rendering it doubtful whether
San Luis or Vera Cruz be the object of attack.
We have reports from the interior that Santa Anna is near Sal-
tillo with a large force. I do not believe the force so large as it
has been represented ; but if it is, so much the better — seven
thousand men will soon be concentrated to meet it, and will give
a good account of it.
The quartermaster's department is far from being efficient: the
officers are efficient individually, but they are riot sufficiently nu-
merous for the highly responsible and laborious duties that devolve
upon them. 1 earnestly recommend that four additional quarter-
masters, to be taken from the army, and ten additional assistants,
to be taken from the subalterns of the army, be authorized by law;
and I further recommend that a regimental quartermaster be ap-
pointed to each regiment, to be taken from the subalterns of the
regiments respectively, with the same additional pay and emolu-
ments as are now allowed to adjutants. This additional force
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 569
would enable the department to perform every duty as it should
be performed.
I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant,
TH. S. JESUP,
Major Gen. and Quartermaster General.
The Hon. Wm. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War., Washington city.
Read.*" I concur in the opinion that the numerical force (officers)
of the Quartermaster's Department is not sufficient for the war; and
hoping that the additional major per regiment, and the additional
2d lieutenant per company, will be authorized by Congress, I
recommend that Brevet Major General Jesup's suggestions be
adopted.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
December 28, 1846.
Brazos San Tago, Texas,
December 29, 1846.
, Sir: Adverting to my letter of the 28th ultimo, it is due to Gen-
eral Patterson to say that he gave orders to the Quartermaster's
Department for the necessary train and supplies the moment, as he
informed me, that he was apprised of the nature of the movement
he was required to make; and he bears testimony to the zeal and
promptitude of Captain Myers, on whom the labor of forming the
train and providing the supplies devolved. A delay of a day or
two occurred on account of a portion of the forage not arriving in^
time; but that arose not from neglect on the part of any officer of
the department, but from the loss of two steamboats employed in
sending supplies hence to the Rio Grande, and of other vessels em-
ployed in lightering, and in similar service with the steamboats.
The moment the deficiency was observed, it was promptly sup-
plied.
I beg that this letter may be filed with my letter of the 28th ult.,
above referred to; and
I have the honor to be, most respectfully, sir, your obedient ser-
vant,
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
The Hon. Wm. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War^ Washington city.
Brazos San Iago, Texas, January 1, 1847.
Sir: A very heavy expense is constantly being incurred by the
damage of subsistence and other public stores, occasioned by the
stores not being put up in casks or sacks sufficient to preserve them
from the weather. The consequence is, that the public prpperty,
after it has been placed at the points at or near where it is required
570 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
for use, at a heavy expense, is found to be entirely unfit for ser-
vice; and it must be replaced at an enormous expense, both in the
cost of the articles required to replace those damaged and in the
transportation, owing to the haste which is often necessary in pur-
chasing and transporting them. Great inconvenience, and some-
times additional expense and loss, is occasioned by the stores not
being put up in packages of suitable size. The damage and con-
sequent loss, as well as the inconvenience, might be prevented in
a great measure by putting up bread, flour, sugar, coffee, and bacon
in India-rubber sacks convenient for packing, and pork, vinegar,
&.C., in half barrels. The ordnance stores should be in kegs or
boxes, covered with India-rubber or w^ater proof leather cases; and
no package should exceed eighty pounds in weight, or at the utmost
a hundred pounds. The advantage would be, that the supplies
would be preserved from damage, and the packages would be of
convenient size for packing on mules. The subsistence and ord-
nance departments would, in the first instance, have to incur some,
additional expense; but they \vould save in the course of a cam-
paign, by the preservation of their stores, more than a hundred
limes this additional expense; and the quartermaster's department
would avoid the enormous expense of double transportation. Be-
sides, the army would avoid, by the convenient size of the pacl^
ages, the delay which often takes place in reducing the packages,
when it becomes necessary to change from wagons to mules. These
changes in the manner of preparing the packages of the two de-
partments referred to, would save to the treasury at least twenty
per cent, of the expense now incurred in the replacing of damaged
stores and in transportation. The army in the field costs at least
$50,000 a day. Suppose it be necessary to change the mode of
transportation from wagons to mules, and suppose that two days
only would be required to reduce the packages; there would be a
loss of $100,000 by the delay alone, besides the loss of the casks,
boxes, &c., in which the supplies were originally put up. I have
considered the question thus far merely as a fiscal question; but
view it for a moment in its relation to the military eflficiency of the
r-rmy, and it assumes far greater importance. Were the subsistence
and ordnance stores put up and secured as I propose, the army
would be always ready to move, have its stores always sound, and
be able to change from one mode of transportation to another with-
out the slightest delay, by which a far greater advantage would
result in the increased efficiency of the troops than in the amount
of mere pecuniary saving.
Your authority is necessary to effect the changes recommended,
or I would not trouble you with the matter at this time, when
you have Congress upon your hands, and of course have full em-
ployment for every moment.
With great consideration, I have the honor to be, sir, your obe-
dient servant,
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
The Hon. Wm. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War, Washington city.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 571
Brazos San Iago, January 2, 1847,
Sir: I had several communications last night from the interior.
The reports that reached us some days ago of Santa Anna being
in the neighborhood of Saltillo, prove to be unfounded. The
panic was produced by a small party that approached Saltillo, per-
haps composed of marauders, or more probably of rancheros who
had deserted the standard of Santa Anna and were on their return
to their homes.
General Scott left for the interior on the 29th ultimo, and I am
taking active measures to have every thing depending on me ready
for his operation. The quartermaster's department I find is called
upon to do a great deal that should be done by other branches of
the staff. So far as General Scott's operations go, I shall have
every thing done that is necessary, whether it belongs to my de-
partment or to other departments to do it. I have been recently
called on for sling carts for the removal of heavy ordnance. I
will have them furnished, but I must send to New Orleans for
them. It is the duty of the ordnance department, however, to fur-
nish them, and to do a great deal more that the quartermaster's
department is called upon to do, A corps of enlisted ordnance
men, under a competent ordnance officer, is required here and at
every depot of the army in the field. Colonel Bomford sent such
a corps to the army in Florida, under an able officer, when I com-
manded that army. There is quite as much necessity for sucTi a
corps here; and there will yet be greater necessity for such a corps
with General Scott. Artificers and laborers can be hired for ser-
vice at the arsenals, but they cannot be readily hired for service in
the field. Enlisted men only should be sent to the army.
Had a proper topographical survey been made of the Rio Grande,
and of the bays and harbors over and through which the supplies
of the army have to pass, much inconvenience and expense would
have been saved. The army has been in the field between seven
and eight months, and yet the only information I have either of
the river, the bars, or the harbors, is that which I have been able
to pick up from steamboat and ship captains and pilots; and the
only survey of the Rio Grande I have seen is one made by Captain
Austin, of Texas, several years ago. Now all the information of
this kind, necessary for every department of the army, ought to
have been furnished by the topographical corps in the first month
of operations. Either that corps should be made to furnish the
information necessary for the several departments of supply, or I
must ask that provision be made by law to attach to the quarter-
master's department a topographical corps to serve at least during
the war. The quartermaster general of Great Britain directs the
operations of that corps in time of war; and the department can-
not perform its duties efficiently here without the information in
advance, which officers of that corps are bound to furnish, and
which they only can furnish.
Two or three officers of that corps might have been employed,
greatly to the advantage of the public, in surveys and in construct-
ing works in this neighborhood during the last summer. A rail-
572 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
road hence to the mouth of the Rio Grande would have saved at
least half a million of dollars during the present campaign. I
spoke to Colonel Abert on the subject during the last summer; but
I believe nothing has been done in the matter. There is constant
danger now of the supplies of the army failing, so many steamers
and other vessels, heretofore employed in transporting stores by sea
to the Rio Grande, have been disabled and wrecked; and, besides,
the weather has been and is so bad as greatly to obstruct the navi-
gation round to that river with the boats remaining, and I have
found it necessary to order Captain Hill to form a train of two
hundred wagons to keep up the communication by land. The dis-
tance is about ten miles; but there is a creek or bayou (Boca Chi-
ca) on the route to be ferried; that, at least, should have been
bridged; and the work should have been executed by the topo-
graphical engineers.
I have taken the liberty of writing to you in relation to the
ordnance and topographical departments, because I find my own
department seriously embarrassed by having to perform duties
which properly appertain to the former, and by want of informa-
tion which should have been furnished by the latter. These cir-
cumstances, I hope, will be a sufficient apology for thus troubling
you.
With high consideration and respect, I am, sir, your obedient
servant,
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War, Washington city.
Bureau of Topographical Engineers,
Washington, January 15, 1847.
Sir: The letter from General Jesup of the 2d January has been
duly received at this office.
The subjects of General Jesup's letter were, as he correctly
states, matter of conversation between us before his departure for
the south; but I regret that he has notstated the real difficulty then
presented to him, and that he has lost sight of it in the remedy he
proposes. The difficulty is in the want of funds, without which
we cannot make the surveys to which he refers, and the railroad
and bridges. In the estimates of this year, an item for surveys
with the army was submitted. Should that be granted, the surveys
referred to can be made. But there will yet be a deficiency for
roads and bridges. These cannot be made without materials, la-
borers and mechanics, and these cannot be obtained without funds.
It is difficult to give exact estimates for such purposes, as it cannot
well be known at present what roads or bridges will, require to be
made and repaired. But, in order 1,0 do all that is in my power, I
have the honor to submit for your consideration the following esti-
mate:
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 573
For the repair and construction of roads and bridges, under the
bureau of Topographical Engineers, for the use of armies in the
field, $100,000.
Respectfully, sir, your obedient servant,
J. J. ABERT,
Colonel Corps Topographical Engineers,
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
• Secretary of War.
Ordnance Office,
Washington^ January 22, 1847.
Sir: I have to acknowledge a reference to this office of a letter
from General Jesup, quartermaster general, dated Brazos San-
tiago, 2d January, 1847, complaining that he has to perform duties
which pertain to the ordnance department, viz: to procure sling
carts for moving heavy ordnance, " and to do a great deal more,"
which is not specified. He also recommends that a corps of en-
listed ordnance men, under a competent officer, should be provided
for "every depot of the army in the field," In relation to all
these complaints, I respectfully report that there are no heavier
ordnance in that quarter than 18 pounder guns; all which are
mounted on travelling carriages, and requiring no sling carts.
There are some 12-pounder guns which can easily be carried on a
common wagon; also, two or more light mortars — none of them
a load for two good horses. As regards a corps of enlisted men,
about forty were sent to the Brazos, and are understood to be dis-
.tributed between that place, Camargo, and Monterey, under com-
petent ordnance officers; about sixty have also been sent with the
siege train from New York to perform the necessary labors per-
taining to the expedition under command of Major General Scott.
The letter of General Jesup is returned herewith.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
G. TALCOTT,
Lieutenant Colonel Ordnance,
Hon. Wm. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War.
Quartermaster General's Office,
Washington city, February 25, 1847.
^Sir: I have the honor to enclose, herewith, a copy of the cor-
respondence of this department "in relation 1o transportation of
General Taylor's army," called for by the resolution of the House
of Representatives of the 1st instant.
I am, sir, most respectfully, your obedient servant,
HENRY STANTON,
% Assistant Quartermaster General,
Hon. Wm. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War.
574 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Quartermaster General's Office,
Washington city. May 17, 1845.
General: Upon the supposition that, in the event of any impor-
tant movement of the troops under your command, additional means
of transportation might be required, I directed, some weeks since,
the construction at Philadelphia of thirty four-horse wagons, and
sixty sets of double wagon harness, (thirty for wheel and thirty
for lead;) one-third the number for mules. These wagons and sets
of harness have been reported ready for shipment, and I have this
day directed that they be shipped to the care of Major McRee,
quartermaster at New Orleans, who has been instructed to hold
them subject to such further disposition as you may think proper
to indicate.
HENRY STANTON,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
To Brigadier General Z. Taylor,
TJ. S. A.^ Fort Jesup^ Louisiana.
Quartermaster General's Office,
Washington city, May 17, 1845.
Sir: Major Thomas will ship to you from Philadelphia, in a few
days, thirty four-horse wagons, with harness complete. On their
arrival they will be stored and held subject to the orders of Brig-
adier General Taylor.
HENRY STANTON,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
To Major S. McRee,
Quartermaster, A''ew Orleans, La.
Quartermaster General's Office,
Washington city. May 17, 1845.
Sir: I have received your letter of the 14th instant. The wagons
and harness will be sent to Major S, McRee, quartermaster, New
Orleans, who has been instructed in regard to them.
It will not be necessary to send the lead harness.
HENRY STANTON,
Assistant Qxiarter master General.
To Major Chales Thomas,
Quartermaster, Philadelphia.
Quartermaster General's Office,
Washington city. May 21, 1845.
General: On the 17th instant I advised you that thirty wagons
and harness complete had been ordered to be sent from Philadel-
phia to New Orleans, where they would be held by M^jor S. McRee,
quartermaster, subject to your order. It has since been deemed ad-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 575
visable to have them forwarded, immediately on their arrival at
New Orleans, to Nachitoches, and Major McRee has been directed
accordingly.
HENRY STANTON,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
Brigadier General Z. Taylor,
U. S. A.^ Fort Jesupy Louisiana.
#
Quartermaster General's Office,
Washington city, June 5, 1845.
General: I have the honor to advise you that, in the arrange-
ment of the officers of the quartermaster's department to appropriate
stations, it has been found necessary to withdraw assistant quarter-
master Captain R. S. Dix from duty at Fort Jesup, and to assign
him to a northern station. He has been accordingly instructed to
turn over to assistant quartermaster Captain O, Cross the public
property in his hands, and to repair, with all convenient despatch,
to the head-quarters of the army. Captain Cross has been directed
to relieve Captain Dix, and to take upon himself the chief direction
of the affairs of the quartermaster's department at Fort Jesup and
its dependencies until further orders. Assistant quartermaster Cap-
tain Crosman will be ordered, as soon as he can close his concerns
at his present station, to repair to the head-quarters of the 1st mili-
tary department, for duty within your command.
I avail myself of the present occasion, to inform you that the
thirty four-horse wagons and harness complete, recently made
at Philadelphia, were shipped thence some ten days since for New
Orleans, destined for your command. The officer of the quarter-
master's department to whom they have been consigned, has been
instructed to forward them immediately to Fort Jesup.
HENRY STANTON,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
To Brigadier General Z. Taylor,
Commanding \st military department, Fort Jesup.
Quartermaster General's Office,
Washington city, June 16, 1845.
General: A remittance has this day been required for Lieuten-
ant Colonel Hunt, deputy quartermaster general, recently ordered
on duty at New Orleans, of $25,000, to meet any extraordinary ex-
penses in the movement of the troops under your command, which
he may be called upon to make; and a remittance of $10,000, for
the same object has been required for Captain Cross, Further re-
mittances will be made whenever the exigencies of the service may
require them. Any intimation which you may think proper to give
to this department of your views and wishes in relation to its con-
576 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
cerns within your command, will receive prompt attention. Captain
Crosman has been desired to hasten the closing of his concerns at
his present station, in order that he join you at an early day.
^ HENRY STANTON,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
To Brigadier General Z. Taylor, WM^^ ^^ii^^i^^
Commanding \st military department^ Fortjesup^ La.
Quartermaster General's^Office,
Washington city, July 16, 1845.
Major: I will thank you to procure, by contract or^otherwise, 30
four-horse wagons, and complete sets of harness for the same, with-
/out unnecessary delay, and have them shipped to Lieutenant Colo-
nel-Thomas F. Hunt, at New Orleans, of the description last
ordered.
HENRY STANTON,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
To Major Chari.es Thomas,
Quartermaster U. S. A., Philadelphia.
Quartermaster General's Office,
Washington city, AugusfAl, 1845.
Major: Your letter of yesterday, advising me of the shipment
for New Orleans of the wagons and harness which you w^ere re-
quested to have made on the 16th ultimo, came to hand this morn-
ing. Whether Mexico has declared war or not, we may want more
wagons in Texas, and your suggestion as to the expediency of
having more ordered is judicious. Order twenty more to be made
without any unnecessary delay, and twenty sets of 4-horse wagon
harness or mule harness. The making of the wagons should not
be hurried : see that they, as well as the harness, be of the best ma-
terials and workmanship. Advise me when they are ready for ship-
ment.
HENRY STANTON,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
To Major Charles Thom^^s,
Qua -tei mister U. S, A., Philadelphia.
» Quartermaster General's Office,
Washington city, September 9, 1845.
Colonel: The concentration of troops, and the probability of
active field operations on our Texan frontier, impose upon this
office the obligation of increasing the number of officers of the
quartermaster's department on duty with the " army of occupation,"
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 577
and the assignment of an officer of rank and experience to the gen-
eral supervision and direction of the affairs of the department in
that quarter. Quartermasters Thomas and McRee are under orders
for Texas, as well as assistants Sibley, Ogden, Hill, and Ketchum.
Crosman and Cross are already on duty there, and you, colonel, are
designated, in accordance with the views and wishes of the War
Department, and those of the quartermaster general, heretofore in-
Y dicated, to take the immediate direction and control of the various
J concerns of the quartermaster's department within the range of the
y command exercised by Brevet Brigadier General Taylor, at whose
head-quarters you will report in person with as little delay as-
possible.
HENRY STANTON,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
To Colonel Trueman Cross,
Assistant Quartermaster General^ Washington.
Quartermaster General's Office,
Washington city, September 10, 1845.
Sir: You will take immediate measures to have 85 four-horse
wagons built for the use of the army serving in Texas; harness for
that number of wagons will also be procured, one-half for horses
and the other half for mules.
HENRY STANTON,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
To Major Charles Thomas,
Quartermaster J Philadelphia.
Quartermaster General's OfficEj
Washington city^ September 10, 1845.
Sir: In order that we may have the means of repairing our wagons
in Texas as they become injured, you will be pleased to employ and
send to that country three good wheelwrights and three black-
smiths. You will also send a supply of seasoned spokes, felliesj
and hounds, in the rough state — say, 1,000 spokes of each kind;
500 felliesj 50 pair hounds, and 50 tongues; together with a com-
plete set of smith and wheelwright's tools.
HENRY STANTON,
Assistant Quartermaster General
To Major Charles Thomas,
Quartermaster, Philadelphia.
37
578 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Quartermaster General's Office,
Washington city, September 12 j 1845.
Sir: The steamer " Kite," built and owned by the topographical
department, and now lying at Louisville, Kentucky, has been pur-
chased by the quartermaster's department for service in Texas.
Herewith you will receive an order on Lieutenant Colonel Long,
of the topographical department, now at Louisville, for her de-
livery to you or to your order, with her tackle, appurtenances, &c.,
as she now lies, and for which he will require receipts.
The services of Captain W. C. Templeton, an experienced and
highly recommended steamboat master, &c., has been secured to
the department by his hire at the rate and on the conditions indi-
cated by the copy of an agreement made with him, herewith handed
to you. He has been desired to accompany you hence to Louis-
yille, where you can place him in charge of the " Kite," with such
orders and instructions relative to her being put in immediate order
for service and subsequent movements as you may think it expedi-
ent to give him. As it may be important that an officer of the de-
partment should be charged with the disbursements incidental to
the fitting out of the "Kite," you are authorized to order Captain
Irwin, whom you will find at Cincinnati, to accompany you to Louis-
ville for that purpose. A remittance will be made to him to meet
the contemplated expenditures. Give him any instructions upon
the subject which you may think proper. It may possibly be ad-
visable for him to purchase coal for the "Kite." The remittance
intended will be made with reference to such purchases. With the
enclosures above mentioned you will find rough memoranda of the
expenses of fitting out the Kite, furnished by Captain Templeton,
■which may be of some service to you or Captain Irwin.
HENRY STANTON,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
To Colonel T. Cross,
Assistant Quartermaster General^ Washington city.
September 13, 1845.
Colonel: I have the pleasure to acknowledge the receipt of your
letter of the 2d instant, with Captain Crosman's letter to you dated
" Head-quarters, Army of Occupation, August 20th, 1845," enclosed,
and have to say in reply that the measures which you have taken
to meet the wants and wishes of that officer of the department, as
reported, are fully approved; and you are requested to consider any
requisition coming from him as having the sanction of General
Taylor's authority, and as a full warrant for any expenditure which
a compliance with them may necessarily involve.
Colonel Cross left this city this morning for the head-quarters of
the " army of occupation," (via New Orleans,) where he will as-
sume the immediate direction of the affairs of the department in
Texas and its immediate vicinity. Quartermaster Major C. Thomas
«
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 579
will follow him in a few days to the same theatre of operations.
You will see by general order No. 44, transmitted to you a few
days since, that Captain Ketchum, ordered some weeks since to re-
port to you, preparatory to his ultimate assignment to duty with
the army in Texas, has been assigned at once to service in the field.
Captain Myers has, as you have been already advised, been ordered
to report to you for duty at New Orleans, where he will remain,
should you require, as I presume you will, the services of an assist-
ant, unless Captain Cross should be (as I understand from letters
addressed by General Taylor to the Adjutant General of the army)
ordered by the general to Baton Rouge or New Orleans; in which
case that officer will be placed on duty under your immediate
orders, which will leave Captain Myers disposable for any ser-
vice to which you may think proper to assign him — at the gulf sta-
tion or elsewhere.
HENRY STANTON,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
Lieut. Colonel T. F. Hunt,
. Deputy Quartermaster Ge7ieralyJVen} Orleans.
September 18, 1845.
Major: Major Thomas was instructed, on the 10th instant, to
contract for the construction of 85 4-horse wagons and harness com-
plete. Presuming that Major Thomas will have left Philadelphia
before this, I am induced to request you to reduce the number to
60, provided it can be done with the consent of the contractors \^o
may have the work in hand.
HENRY STANTON,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
Major D, D. Tompkins,
Assistant Quart ermaster.) Philadelphia.
November 27, 1845.
Major: The recent contracts for wagons made .by your immedi-
ate predecessor, Major Thomas, gave to the department the privi-
lege of reducing the number contracted for from 85 to 60, which
the department availed itself of by requiring only the latter num-
ber. Recent letters from Colonel Cross, charged with the opera-
tions of the department in Texas, express regret that the number
provided for by the contract should have been diminished, and the
belief that the whole will be required. Unwilling to withhold any
supply deemed by Colonel Cross necessary, I have to request that
you will immediately order, from the late wagon contractor in
Philadelphia, thirty wagons complete, at the price stipulated in the
contract referred to. Should he decline furnishing them, you will
procure thera elsewhere in your market, taking care that they be
580 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
of unexceptionable materials and workmanship. When finished,
please ship them to Lieutenant Colonel Hunt, at New Orleans, with
the request that they be forwarded thence to Colonel Cross at Cor-
pus Christi. You will please procure and forward with the wagons
thirty sets of 4-horse harness complete.
^ HENRY STANTON,
Jissistant Quartermaster General.
Major D. D. Tompkins,
Assistant Quartermaster U. S. j3., Philadelphia.
December 1, 1845.
Colonel: In consequence of the remarks contained in the last
paragraph of your letter of the 3d ultimo, I have (some days since)
ordered the immediate construction at Philadelphia of not only the
number of wagons which you were informed by Major Thomas had
been deducted from the number contracted for by him, (25,) but of
five in addition, (in all 30,) which will be shipped for New Orleans,
with the necessary harness, in the course of a few days — twenty,
probably, in all this week — with orders that they be forwarded to
Corpus Christi immediately. Should you deem this number insuf-
ficient to meet your wants, I will thank you for early advices of
the fact, that a farther supply may be constructed.
HENRY STANTON,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
Colonel Trueman Cross,
Assistant Quartermaster General, Texas.
December 5, 1845.
Colonel: An, order has been issued from the head-quarters of the
army breaking up the post of Fort Jesup, and directing the dispo-
sition of the public property by the several departments to which
it belongs. 34 oxen, -17 mules, 2 horses, and 7 four-horse and 2 two-
horse wagons, have been ordered to Austin, Texas, subject to your
future order. Lieutenant Colonel Hunt has been instructed to ap-
prize YOU of the time and manner in which they are to be sent.
^ HENRY StANTON,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
To Colonel T. Cross,
Assistant Quartermaster General,
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation, Texas, .
December 9, 1845.
Colonel: In reply to "your letter of the 13th ultimo, advising
that "strong representations haie been made by the general com-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 581
manding in Texas, to the government, of the necessity of a de-
spatch boat to keep up a regular communication with New Or-
leans," and urging on your part, upon this department, "the im-
mediate establishment of such a communication as necessary to in-
sure the maintenance of the army," I have to observe that, without
reference to General Taylor's representations and recommendations,
which I am am sure are judicious, and will consequently be ap-
proved at general head-quarters, I do not hesitate to subscribe en-
tirely to the views upon the subject expressed in your letter; and
if the authority which has already been given to you to take the
general supervision, direction, and control of the affairs of the
quartermaster's department in Texas, be not, as it was intended it
should be, sufficiently comprehensive to warrant you in the adop-
tion of the suggested measure, you are now fully authorized and-'
empowered to adopt and carry out in this, as in all other cases which
may arise within the sphere of your control, such measures as you
may deem efficient and proper.
Lieutenant Colonel Hunt is, or was intended to be, placed under
your orders, so far as his co-operation in matters connected with
operations in Texas is concerned, and will unquestionably execute
promptly any instructions which you may think proper to give him
for the furtherance of your measures. It is not seen that any
further facilities for the accomplishment of your wishes, in refe-
rence to the subject under consideration, can be afforded on the
part of this office. All the authority which the department pos-
sesses is delegated to you, its representative in Texas, with entire
confidence that it will be judiciously exercised. You are upon the
spot, and consequently must be better informed as to what may be
expedient and necessary than the temporary tenant of this office.
HENRY STANTON,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
To Colonel T. Cross,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
December 18, 1846.
Colonel: Since I returned to duty in this office, I have read your
letter of the 13th ultimo, with the reply of Colonel Stanton. I
have now the satisfaction to inform you that the Navy Department
will return the "Harney" to us in perfect repair, to be used as a
despatch boat between the army in Texas and the posts on the gulf
and Mississippi. She will be under your control and that of Gen-
eral Taylor.
Whatsoever General Taylor may consider necessary to the
efficiency of the corps under his command, you are authorized to
furnish or to do; and you will consider yourself clothed, within
your sphere of action, with the whole authority which the depart-
ment possesses here. The cheapest service is that which is most
582 Ex. Doc. No. 60. .
efficient; and, so far as we are concerned, every thing must be
efficient.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General,
To Colonel T. Cross,
Assistant Quartermaster General^
Corpus Christij Texas.
December 27, 1845.
Sir: The Secretary of the Navy having directed the transfer of
the steamer Harney, now at New Orleans, to the War Department,
to be used as a despatch boat between that post and Texas, you
will receive her and place her in all respects in the best condition
for the service required of her. A sufficient number of the officers
and crew now attached to the steamer will be ordered to remain on
board, this being considered the best as well as the most economical
arrangement for the public service.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
To Lieut. Colonel T. F. Hunt,
Deputy Quartermaster General,
JVeio Orleans, Louisiana,
[Extract.]
January 15, 1846.
Sir: The steamer Colonel Harney, with the officers, crew, and
stores, as you will perceive by the enclosed copy of instructions
from the Secretary of the Navy to Lieutenant C. Whittle, has been
transferred to the War Department, and is to be employed in such
manner and' on such service as you, under the instructions of Gen-
eral Taylor, may direct. The whole expense of running the boat,
except the pay, &c., of the commissioned officers, must be pro-
vided for and paid by the department. Lieutenant Whittle will be
directed to report to you so soon as the Harney is repaired.
If the proper vessels can be obtained, I wish you to, cause the
Laguna Santander to be critically examined by an officer or officers
of the department, with a'view of ascertaining by what description of .
boats it can be navigated. I understand boats drawing from 2| to
3 feet water can readily pass through it. If my information be
correct, I should think we might make that channel available by
using light draught steamers as tow-boats, with flat bottomed scows
or keel-boats as transports.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General..
Colonel T. Cross,
Assistant Quartermaster General,
Corpus Christij Texas.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 583
May 10, 18.46.
Sir: You are authorized to purchase the steam schooner James
Cage, if, after a thorough examination, you think her in every re-
spect suited to our service and perfectly safe and seaworthy. The
appropriations for the department have not been available until to-
day, otherwise you would have received instructions on this sub-
ject at an earlier date.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Lieut. Colonel T, F. Hunt,
Deputy Quartermaster General^ JVew Orleans.
May 15, 1846.
The general requests you to contract, on account of the United
States, with the responsible W'heelwrights of Philadelphia for two
hundred army baggage wagons, deliverable at as early a period as
may b^ compatible with thorough workmanship; and \yith the
proper mechanics for two hundred sets of 4-horse harness for the
same.
HENRY STANTON,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
Major D, D. Tompkins,
Quartermaster^ Philadelphia.
[Extracts.]
May 26, 1846.
Sir: You will proceed to Cincinnati, Ohio, and take measures
to obtain three hundred wagons suitable for the baggage train of
an army in the field. For one hundred and fifty of the wagons
you will provide, for each, four sets of mule harness, and for one
hundred and fifty of them you will provide, for each, three ox
yokes, with chains; and for all, whatsoever else, in your judgment,
may be necessary.
Having entire confidence in your judgment and experience, I
invest you with all the authority I could exercise were I present
with you. You will therefore take it for granted that whatsoever
you may find it necessary to do will be approved — only let it be
soon done.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
P. S. — Major Tompkins will provide such extra harness, wagon
wheels, hounds, «&c., as he may think the exigencies of the service
will require, in addition to the wagons.
T. S. J.
Major D. D. Tompkins,
Quartermaster^ Washington.
584 4 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
May 27, 1846.
Sir: We shall require camp kettles, mess pan?, and wagons to
be made in Pittsburg. I wish you to inform me whether they can
be made, and in what time five hundred iron camp kettles, one
thousand iron mess pans, and two hundred wagons can be ready,
and at what price. Mr. Robert McKee, of Butler county, wrote
to me on the I8th instant, and proposed to furnish from twenty to
thirty wagons. I have referred him to you. Should he call on
you, I wish you to ascertain his terms. I will take all that he can
furnish before the 20th of July, if his price should not be higher
than we can get such wagons as we require at Philadelphia.
Major Tompkins is on his wry to Ohio, and will return through
Pittsburg: he will give the details in regard to the wagons.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain E. Harding,
A. A. Quartermaster, Pittsburg.
May 28, 1846.
Sir: You will take meafsures to procure 20,000 horse and the
same number of mule shoes, wdth a suitable proportion of nails,
and have them carefully packed for transportation, advising the
department how soon they can be got ready.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain E. Harding,
A. A. Quartermaster, Pittsburg.
May 28, 1846.
Sir: You will take measures to procure 12,000 horse and the
same number of mule shoes, with a suitable proportion of nails,
and have them ready for transportation to any point at which they
may be required, at as early a day as practicable.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Lieut. Colonel T. F. Hunt,
Deputy Quartci'master General, JYetc Orleans.
June 2, 1846.
Sir: Enclosed you will receive a description of the wagons we
are now procuring by contract in Philadelphia, at $110 each.
You are requested to take measures to procure two hundred at as
early a day as practicable. A portion of them may be larger than
Ex. Doc. No. 60„ 585
those described, should you be able to procure them, of good
quality, ready made: these should be for oxen, with the necessary
yokes, bows, &c.; for the others you will procTlre good substantial
harness for four mules each.
• TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain E. Harding,
ji. A. Quartermaster J Pittsburg.
Jt^NE 3, 1846.
Sir: I herewith enclose a charter party this day entered into by
Captain A. R. Hetzel, assistant quartermaster, with Lieutenant J.
T. McLaughlin, for the services of the iron steamer Hunter on the
Rio Grande, or elsewhere, if required. Should you have no other
supplies with which to freight the Hunter, you will load her with
coal, as that is an article which will always be required at the
principal depot, as well as on the river.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Lieut. Colonel Thos. F. Hunt,
Deputy Q. M. General, Jfew Orleans.
June 3, 1846.
Sir: I enclose herewith a plan and description of an iron boat
to be used as a tow boat on the Rio del Norte, and other south-
western rivers. You will ascertain and report to me for what sum
you can have such boats constructed in Pittsburg; and should from
six to ten be required, at what time they can be ready.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General,
Captain E. Harding,
A. A. Quartermaster, Pittsburg.
■ - [Extracts.]
June 3, 1846.
Sir: You are assigned to duty with the army of occupation, and
will proceed, by the way of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, to
General Taylor's head-quarters, and report to him.
You are authorized to employ clerks, agents, conductors, team-
sters, laborers, mechanics, and any other description of persons or
force which may in your judgment, or that of the general com-
manding, be necessary to the efficiency of the department; and you
will leave nothing undone which it is possible to accomplish to in-
sure the success-of the army.
586 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Keep me promptly and fully advised of the wants of the depart-
ment and of the army, and of the operations of both.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Lieut. Colonel H. Whiting,
Deputy Q. J\I. General, Washington city.
June 4, 1846.
Sir: Enclosed you will receive a specification of the mule har-
ness and wagon saddle procured for this department in Philadel-
phia, which will serve as a guide in procuring the harness referred
to in my letter of the 2d instant. As fast as wagons and harness
can be made, you are requested to ship them to Lieutenant Colonel
Hunt, deputy quartermaster general, New Orleans.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain E. Harding,
Jl. A. Quartermaster, Pittsburg.
June 9, 1846.
Colonel: The steamer McKim has been offered to me for sale
or charter. Not feeling disposed to interfere in the details of your
operations, nor under any circumstances disposed to purchase a
steamer unless she be suited, beyond question, for the service re-
quired by the department in the gulf, I have declined purchasing
her; but at the request of a gentleman here, I take great pleasure
in introducing to your acquaintance Captain Page, who commands
her. I will enclose to you to-day the proposition of the owners, on
which you will act as you may think best for the interests of the
service.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Lieut. Colonel T. F. Hunt,
Deputy Q. M. General, JYew Orleans.
June 9, 1846.
Sir: I enclose a report of Colonel Stanton in relation to the
steamer McKim; also a proposition from the owners for the charter
or sale of the vessel. You will, if you find her adapted in every
respect for the service, give her employment if you should think
it advisable to do so; or you are authorized to purchase her, should
you consider that course advantageous to the public interests.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Lieut. Colonel T. F. Hunt,
Deputy Q. M. General^ New Orleans.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 587
[per telegraph.] , June ll, 1846.
Sir: Yours of yesterday's date has been received. The wagons
and harness to which you refer will be shipped to Colonel Hunt,
New Orleans, on board the steamer McKim.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major D. D. Tompkins,
Quartermaster^ Philadelphia.
June 11, 1846.
Sir: I have received yoi^r letters of the 7th and 8th inst. You
can have the hubs of the Avagons of oak or birch. The advantage
of gum hubs in the southern portion of our country is, that it does
not crack, as oak and other woods do, by exposure to the rain and
sun. In other particulars the wagons should, as nearly as possible,
be made to conform to the specifications sent to you. Have them
completed and sent to Colonel Hunt, at New Orleans, as rapidly as
possible. Purchase all the ox wagons you can obtain ready made:
send with them the nelcessary chains, yokes, and bows. I return
the proposals of Knapp and Totten jfor building iron tow boats:
you will exercise a sound discretion in relation to the bulk heads
proposed to be added to the several sections of the boats.
I enclose a proposition made by the same gentlemen to Colonel
Whiting. The proposals of Townsend and Company for wagons
are also returned.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain E. Harding,
A. A. Quartermaster J Pittsburgj Pa,
June 11, 1846.
Sir: I sent you to-day by telegraph directions to ship the wagons
and harness, now ready, to New Orleans, on board the steamer
McKim, which it is understood will sail in a few days for that
place: the other wagons and harness will, as completed, be shipped
to that place.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major D. D. Tompkins,
Quartermaster, Philadelphia.
June 12, 1846.
Sir: I have been informed to-day that there are at Columbus
several light draught steamboats that would answer as tow boats
588 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
on the shoal rivers of Texas and Mexico, and that they can be
purchased at from eight to fifteen thousand dollars each. If you
can obtain one or two boats of the description referred to, I wish
you to buy them, provided you can take the Georgia troops
in them to New Orleans. I would suggest that you can consult
Major John H. Howard, of Columbus, on the subject. He is a
gentleman on w^hom I entirely rely; and I am sure he will afford
you every aid in his power in obtaining boats, either by purchase
or charter, on the best terms.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain M. M. Clark,
Assistant Quartermaster ^ Columbus, Ga.
June 12, 1846.
Sir: I received to-day your letter of the 8th instant, and thank
you most cordially as well for the kind offer of aid to me in the
operations of my department, as for information you gave me in
relation to suitable boats for our service, and the sound views
■which you present in regard to the navigation of the shoal rivers
of the south.
The same views had occurred to me, and I had taken measures
to have lighters of iron constructed, and I have chartered one
iron steamer for the Rio del Norte; but I want, and that immedi-
ately, several other boats as well as lighters. Mr. Lamar, formerly
of Georgia, but now of New York, has offered me the iron steamer
De Rossett, and Mr. Goodwin, of Savannah, has offered me two
iron steamers. I accept, most thankfully, your offer of service, and
beg of you to look at those boats, or any others you may think
suitable. The De Rossett is offered for |25,000. That is probably
too high. The others are merely offered, without any sum stated.
For service to the south they should not draw over three feet water,
with fuel and provisions, including water, on board. If the boats
are purchased, could they be delivered at New Orleans with the
lighters; and w'hen? Be so kind as to let me hear from you as
soon as you conveniently can.
With great respect, &c.,
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Col. James Gadsden,
Charleston, S. C.
June 13, 1846.
Sir: Colonel Twiggs has made a requisition for 172 horses for
his regiment, " to supply deficiencies incurred in the engagements
of the 8th and 9th of May." You will purchase that number and
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 589
send them on as early as possible. Purchase also 200 good mule?,
if they can be found, and send them to the army of occupation im-
mediately.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General,
Captain A. R. Hetzel,
Assistant Quartermaster^ Memphis^ Tenn.
June lb, 1846.
Sir: The quartermaster general desires me to say you may fur-
nish 500 (say five hundred) pack saddles in addition to those order-
ed, agreeing with the present contract in every particular^ the 500
to be furnished before the 9th of August next,
HENRY C. WAYNE,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster.
Captain H, L, Thistle,
Washington^ D. C.
June 15j 1846.
Colonel: The quartermaster general directs that you provide
lighters in " La Vaca bay," should they be required for discharg-
ing the freights transported to that point.
H. C. WAYNE,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster.
Lieut. Col. T. F. Hunt,
J^ew Orleans.
June 16, 1846.
Sir: There are three light draught steamboats on the Ohio river
■whichi wish you to purchase and send to Colonel Hunt, at New
Orleans. They are the Swiftsure, the Utica, and the New Haven.
They should be purchased at about five thousand dollars each; but
as advantage is always taken of the public, you may have some-
thing more to pay for them. If you purchase them, send them
without delay to Colonel Hunt, for at this season of the year they
can be taken around to the Rio Grande without risk. If you can-
not obtain the boats named, or if you find them, on examination,
not suited for our purposes as tow-boats on the shallow waters
of Texas and Mexico, purchase others which you may consider
more suitable. They should not draw more than eighteen inches
or two feet water. Let me hear from you immediately on the sub-
ject.
TH. S. JESUP,
m Quartermaster General.
Major D. D. Tompkins,
Quartermaster, Cincinnati^ Ohio.
590 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
June 17, 1846.
Colonel: The honorable Mr. Harmanson, a member of Congress
from Louisiana, who has resided long on the frontiers of Mexico,
represents that horses suitable for our service, can be obtained in
Mexico, at an almost nominal price. Consult General Taylor as
to the propriety of purchasing them. If he approve, purchase all
you can obtain, should they be necessary. Take measures, imme-
diately, to obtain all the mules you can from Mexico. By paying
cash for them, they can be obtained, I am informed, in very great
numbers.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Colonel H. Whiting,
Asst. Quartermaster Gen.^ Memphis^ Tenn.
June 17, 1846.
Sir: I enclose the within letter from R. H. McKee, esquire, on
the subject of wagons. You will exercise your discretion as to
taking the wagons. If they are strong, and of good quality, and
of durable and well seasoned materials, they had better, perhaps,
be taken. All yet to be made should be according to the specifi-
cations furnished, except the hubs, which maybe of locust or white
oak. The letter of Mr. McKee will be returned to this office.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain E. Harding,
Acting Asst. Quartermaster^ Pittsburgh Pa.
June 17, 1846.
Colonel: In the operations General Taylor has been directed to
XldS lieSpatchcU ^Clj^vui.i ^w*i.. ►^^..^v-.u, w. ^..^ ^^,^^ ^x v.x*tji^^v,v.i^-, vv^
obtain for that river light draught steamers. Not knowing the
great amount of force that would be ordered to jo-in him, he has
not required a sufficient number to insure the speedy transportation
of his supplies. My attention had been directed to the subject,
and I had chartered a light draught iron steamer for that river, and
had ordered Major Tompkins to purchase and send to Lieutenant
Colonel Hunt the Swiftsure, Utica, and New Haven, light draught
boats running on the Ohio; or, if he could not obtain those boats,
then such as might be suitable. Captain Sanders will soon be at
Pittsburg, at which point authority will be given to him to pur-
chase, with those that may have been previously purchased, such
a number as shall complete the whole to eight. •
I will be greatly obliged tp you if you ^viU conf^jr with Captain
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 591
Sanders and Captain Harding, at Pittsburg, and Major Tompkins,
at Cincinnati, and if the number of boats which you, and Captain
Sanders particularly, shall consider necessary, have not been pur-
chased and sent forward, I desire you to supply any deficiency.
If, on consulting Captain Sanders, you should consider more than
eight light draught steamers necessary, you have authority to pur-
chase them, or to direct their purchase, at Cincinnati, Pittsburg,
or at any other place on the Ohio river.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Lieut. Col. Joseph P. Taylor,
Jisst. Commissary General^ Washington city.
June 20, 1846.
Major: I have to acknowledge your letters of the 14th and 15th
instant. The wagons, harness, yokes, chains, &c., will be sent to
Lieutenant Colonel Hunt, deputy quartermaster general at New
Orleans, as fast as received.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General,
Major D. D. Tompkins,
Quartermaster U. S. A., Cincinnati j Ohio.
June 20, 1846.
Sir: You will proceed to Savannah, Georgia, and have the iron
steamer De Rossett thoroughly examined; and if the hull, boiler,
and machinery be found to be perfect in all their parts, and the
boat fit, in all respects, for efficient service, as a steamer, you will
receive it on account of the United States. Mr. Lamar, the pre-
sent owner, has offered to deliver the boat at New Orleans, at the
risk and expense of the United States. This had better be done
by persons in the public service, if possible; but, should you find
any difficulty in employing an efficient and trustworthy captain and
engineers, and competent crew, you will require Mr. Lamar to de-
liver her at New Orleans on the terras which he proposes, and in
the shortest possible time. Should you employ a captain, engineer,
and crew, you will despatch the boat with instructions to the cap-
tain to proceed in the shortest possible time to New Orleans, and
report to Lieutenant Colonel Hunt; and, in either event, you will
indicate the route- to be taken, and you will make suitable arrange-
ments for the expense of the voyage. Herewith you will receive
a letter of R. M. Goodwin, esq., of Savannah, offering two iron
boats for the public service. You will examine them, and if you
find them, in all respects, such as he represents them, you are au-
thorised to purchase one of them; but, having already received one
from Mr. Lamar, it is not a matter of so much importance
592 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
■whether we obtain another. You will, therefore, endeavor to get
it at a lower price. I consider the sum which we give Mr. Lamar
too much; but, at the time I agreed to take his boat, I was not
aware that other suitable boats could be had; but if you cannot
get the boat for less, you may allow the price asked.
Mr. L. Griffin, assistant engineer, of the Navy Department, has
been directed to report to you, and will accompany you to Savan-
nah. You will cause him to inspect the boats minutely; and, if
they are not in a condition, both as regards their hulls and ma-
chinery, for efficient service, you will not receive them. Should it
be necessary to put them into dock to examine them, this must be
done at the expense of their present owners. If the boats be re-
ceived, all necessary appendages, such as ya^vls, anchors, hawsers,
fasts, engineers' tools, spy-glass, &.c., must be furnished also.
Mr. Griffin will be paid ten cents per mile for travelling. Should
other boats be offered, you will cause them to be examined, and
will report the result to this office.
On completing the duty with which you are charged, you will
return and resume your duties here.
I have just received information from the south, that the whole
woodwork of Mr. Lamar's boat is defective, as well as the deck.
If that be so, we cannot receive her; but you may purchase two
boats from Mr. Goodwin's company.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Capt. Henry C. Wayne,
Asst. Quartermaster^ Washington city.
June 25, 1846.
Sir: I have received your letter of the I8th instant, covering an
estimate of funds for the purchase of wagons, mules, and harness,
and have required a remittance in your favor of $16,000, on ac-
count of the special appropriation for Mexican hostilities.
An army register will be sent to you, if one can be procured
from the adjutant general. A copy of the post office book cannot
be furnished, nor can a map of Texas, there being none on hand
for distribution.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain S. P. Heintzelman,
Assist. Quartermaster, Louisville, Ky.
June 25, 1846.
Sir: I wish you to visit Charleston, South Carolina, and exam-
ine two boats which have been offered by Mr. Billiard, of that
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 593
p]ace. Make me a full report of your examination, including, par-
ticularly) the ages of the boats.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain H. C. Wayne,
Assistant Quartermaster ^ Savannah^ Ga.
June 29, 1846.
Sir: I have received your letter of the 26th. If you think
proper, you can have the De Ptossett altered to burn coal, if you
receive her and and can readily obtain coal. Should you take one
of the other boats, you will also have her altered for coal on the
same condition. Having entire reliance on you, I authorize you
to do, in regard to the one or two boats which you may receive,
■whatsoever you may consider best for the public interest.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain H. C. Wayne,
Assistant Quartermaster^ Savannah.
July 2, 1846.
Sir: Your letter, without date, in reference to wagons, harness,
-&C., has been received. You will take all the wagons that can be
made by the 1st September, and send them, as they are received,
to Lieutenant Colonel Hunt. You will send the boats, also, as
soon as completed.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain E. Harding,
Allegheny Arsenal.
July 2, 1846.
Sir: I have received your letter, without date, covering an esti-
mate of funds for purchase of mules, horses, wagons, &c., and have
required a remittance in your favor of $20,000, on account of the
appropriation for Mexican hostilities.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain S. P. Heintzelman,
Assistant Quartermaster^ Louisville^ Ky.
38
594 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
July 2, 1846.
Sir: Your letter of June 20 is received. I have a report from
Lieutenant Colonel Hunt, in which he informs me that he has pur-
chased several boats, which, with others which I have ordered for
service on the Rio Grande, will be sufficient. There will, there-
fore, be no necessity for purchasing boats in Georgia or Alabama,
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General,
Captain M. M. Clakk,
Assistant Quartermaster^ ColumbuSj Ga.
July 3, 1846.
Sir: I have received your letter of the 29th ultimo, with the
reports of Messrs. Willink and Griffin in relation to Mr. Lamar's
boat. I return the reporis to you, to govern in the repairs and
alterations of the boat. When those repairs and alterations shall
be made by Mr. Lamar or his agent, you will receive the boat.
For the alteration of the furnace so as to adapt it to the burning of
coal, the expense will devolve on the public. The planking of the
deck will also be a charge against the public; but the renewal or
repair of the water-wheels, the repair of the wheel-houses, and all
other repairs or renewals of wood, must be done at the expense of
the present owner. All the repairs and alterations of the iron work,
suggested by Mr. Griffin, must be made, except the cutting off the
three legs. That, I apprehend, would take too much time. If it
can be done, however, without loss of time, you may cause it to
be done. Since writing the above 1 have received your letter of
the 30th ultimo. You will not purchase any other boat than the
De Rossett, and that only on the repairs stated above, including-
the plank, shear, and bulwarks, being made.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain H. C. Wayne,
Assistant Quartermaster ^ Savannah^ Ga.
July 5, 1846.
Sir: I have received your letter of the 1st instant. If you can
get the Mary Somers, say for a sum from twelve to eighteen or
twenty thousand dollars, you are authorized to purchase her. Aiso
the other boat, which you state in your letter of the 30th, will pro-
bably be for sale. Get them at as low a price as possible; but as
Ave can now do without them, I would not give, by six or seven
thousand dollars each, as much as I would have given at the time
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 59S
you left this city. I trust to your judgment and energy to do that
which shall be best for the public interests.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster GencraL
Captain H. C. Wayne,
Assistant Quartermaster^ Savannah, Ga.
July 6, 1846.
Sir: In addition to the remittance of $200,000, of which I ad-
Tised you this morning, I have required the sum of $60,000 to ena-
ble you to pay for five steamers recently purchased by Captain
Sanders in Pittsburg, which have been or will be sent to you for
service with the army of occupation.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quart erm,aster General.
Lieutenant Colonel Thos. F. Hunt,
Deputy Quartermaster General,^ JYeic Orleans ^ La.
July 8, 1846.
Sie: Enclosed you will receive a letter addressed to this office by'
Mr. D. Tomlinson, of Pembroke, New York, describing certain
wagons which he oflfers to sell to this department. In a previous
letter he states that he has upwards of a hundred. You will pro-
ceed to Pembroke and examine whether the wagons referred to are
suitable for our service in Texas and Mexico; and if so, you are
authorized to purchase them on the best practicable terms, and send
them to Lieutenant Colonel Hunt, New Orleans, by the most expe-
ditious route. If by the lakes, a careful conductor should be sent
with them.
I also enclose a letter from Mr. Jonathan Smith, master of the
sloop J. Lawrence, of New London, on the subject of a claim for
transporting a quantity of old copper, iron, brass, and lead from
Fort Trumbull to New York. I wish a report of the facts in the
case, which can probably be given by Mr. Stinson. Return both
letters when you have done with them.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General,
Captain D. H. Vinton,
Assistant QuartermasterJ''jVeu: York.
July 10, 1846.
Sir:, I employed -Benjamin Robertson, of Lexington, Kentucky^
to purchase mules for the service of the United States, (four hua-
ft
^i-^^fmm.
itec
^-^'^ .' »^- - -' • '.»
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 597
July 17, 1846.
Sir: I have received your letters of the 9th and 10th instant, and
"have this day required that a deposite be made to your credit in the
Bank of Commerce, New York, of seventy-five thousand dollars.
You will purchase -ICO mules in addition to the number ordered on
the 13th ultimo, and tho^e ordered by General Wool, and send them
to the army of occupation.
Enclosed is a copy of a letter from Major T. B. Eastland, of
this department, which contains information which may be of ser-
vice to you as to the best route by which to send mules to Texas,
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain A. R. Hetzel,
Assistant Quartermaster^ St. Louis, Mo.
July 17, 1846.
Sir: If Captain Cross decides to remain in the department, let
him be sent into Texas to purchase mules and draught horses for
the army on the Rio Grande. If animals can be had at a reason-
able price, as many as 400 may be purchased; also wagons and
harness, if to be had of a serviceable description.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Lieutenant Colonel T. F. Hunt,
Deputy Quartermaster General, JYew Orleans.l
July 17, 1846.
Sir: In my letter of this morning I directed that you should in-
crease the number of mules to 600, in addition to those ordered by
General Wool. To this you will add all the wagons and harness
that can be procured; have the mules sent, by careful persons on
whom you can rely, to some point near the mouth of Red river, and
send them thence by land to the Rio Grande. If necessary, in your
opinion, you must see the mules well on their way through Texas.
Etnploy any agents that may be necessary. The wagons and har-
ness may be sent down to Lieutenant Colonel Hunt by Lieutenant
Colonel Mackay. I apprehend that General Wool has not directed
a full train for his command; he had complete authority to order
whatever w^as in his opinion necessary to his most efficient move-
ments. If he has not already gone forward, it might be well to
call his attention to the subject. All the mules that I have directed
you to purchase are for General Taylor's division. You must en-
598 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
deavor to hare them on the Rio Grande by the time the mounted
troops reach General Taylor.
TIL S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain A. R, Hetzel,
Assistant Quartermaster^ St. Louis^ Mo.
July 18, 1846.
Sir: Several hundred wagons are required for service in Mexico,
I am informed that in Newark, New Jersey, there are many estab-
lishment? in which wagons are manufactured for the West India
market. You will proceed to that place and purchase all the-wagons
you can get. There must be four complete sets of mule harness
"with each wagon. Enclosed you will find a description of the
wagon, and you will take with you a description of the harness.
All the wagons you can get must be purchased immediately, with
harness for each; but for such as you contract to have delivered at
a future day, say in August, September, or October, the specifica-
tions enclosed must be adhered to. If five hundred wagons can be
obtained, with harness, you will purchase them. Get, if possible,
one or two hundred at once. Keep me constantly advised of your
operations.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain M. M. Claxk,
Assistant Quartermaster^ Washington city.
July 18, 1846.
Colonel: In my instructions to Colonel Whiting, I directed that
a train sufficient to supply five thousand men at San Antonio, most
of whom it was known would be mounted, should be organized to
keep that force supplied from the depot at Linnvil'e, on La Baca
bay. The colonel says nothing on the subject in any of his letters,
and I fear that h<- has overlooked it. As that train was counted
.upon as an important portion of that required for active operations
in the field, I am apprehensive that our means of transportation
•may not be sufficient. At the present season I am told mules may
be had at New Orleans in great numbers from the plantations.
Purchase and send forward all the well broken mules, and all the
harness you can obtain. Could they not be taken by steam to La
Baca, and those not wanted for the train to San Antonio be sent
by land to Matamoras? Purchase all the suitable wagons you can
obtain; also three or four thousand pack saddles, if in your opinion
pack mules or pack horses can be obtained from the Mexicans. At
all events, whether you think horses or mules can be obtained near
the army in Mexico or not, send a good number of pack saddles
Ex. Doc. No. 6a 599
Energy must accomplish now in a few weeks what, if we had early
means, we might have accompTished without hurry.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Lieutenant Colonel Thomas F. Hunt,
Deputy Quartermaster General, JVew Orleans, La.
July 18, 1846.
Sir: In addition to the mules already ordered, you will purchase
and send on as rapidly as possibly two hundred additional mules.
If wagons and harness can be obtained in Tennessee, so as to be
gotten to the army at once, you will purchase them and send them
forward. \ have directed several of the lately appointed assistant
quartermasters to report to Lieutenant Colonel Mackay. I know
not whether they have any qualifications for tlse stations they now
fill, but I understand they are all respectable men. You must avail
yourself of their services as far as possible; not, however, to en-
danger the efficiency of your operations. You may charge them
with detachments of mules, if they report in time, and send them on
to the army, with funds to defray the expenses of the march. If
you can obtain well broke mules at Memphis, Vicksburg or Natchez,
I wish them purchased and sent to Lieutenant Colonel Hunt, who
caa send them by water to La Baca bay, whence they can be taken
by land. Purchase all the wagons and harness you can obtain in
those places, and send them to Lieutenant Colonel Hunt. I rely
on your energy, activity and capacity, to have everything ordered
that can be obtained sent forward with a certainty of arriving at
the army by the time the mounted troops arrive. Keep me con-
stantly advised of vour operations.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain A. R. Hetzel,
Assistant Quartermaster, St. Louis, Mo.
July 18, 1846. '
Sir: Your letter of the 13th instant has been received. The
wagons of Mr. Tomlinson are unsuitable, and of course you will
not purchase them.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain D. H, Vinton,
Assistant Quartermaster, Keic York.
600 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
July IS, 1846.
Major: Of the officers recently appointed in the department, I
have directed Captain Drum, of the^army, Captains Thomas Wil-
kins, Cxeorge P. Smith, T. S. Gilbert, Robert Mitchell, and S. H.
Webb, of the volunteers, to report" to you for duty. You can send
them on to the army in charge of stores; such as wagons, harnesSj
camp kettles, mess pans, tents, (if you have any on hand,) axesj
spades, and other tools, or in charge of mules. Purchase all the
wagons and harness you possibly can in Ohio, Kentucky and In-
diana, and send them to Lieutenant Colonel Hunt. Get the mule&
off by water, and on boats that can certainly take them out of the
Ohio. You will purchase two hundred additional mules, and send
them forward as rapidly as possible. All must reach the army by
the time the mounted troops arrive there. Keep me constantly
advised of what you do, and inform me of what you have done.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major D. D. Tompkins,
Quartermaster.) Cincinnati.
July 18, 1846.
Sir: Captain Clark has been ordered to Newark, New Jersey, to
purchase and contract for wagons and harness. You w^ill give him
all the aid in your power in the undertaking You will also your-
self purchase al! the wagons and harness you may be able to obtain
m New York suitable for service.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain D. H. Vinton,
Assistant Quartermaster^ JS'^ew York.
July 19, 1846.
Sir: You will proceed without delay to have wagons made of the
material which the different manufacturers have on hand, in as
great number and as rapidly as possible, and despatch them as they
are furnished to Lieutenant Colonel Hunt, at New Orleans.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain E. Harding,
Pittsburg J Pennsylvania.
July 19, 1846.
Sir: \ our letter of the 13th instant has been received. You will
proceed immediately to purchase all the wagons and harness you
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 601
may find suitable, in Kentucky and Indiana, and ship them as they
are purchased to Colonel Hunt, at New Orleans. You will also
purchase four hundred good draught horses, which you will have
transported as far as possible by water, to be forwarded on to
Colonel Whiting.
These instructions are given you in addition to such as you may
receive from Major Tompkins, whom I have charged with the pur-
chase of mules, and directed to order you in aiding him.
You will take care to procure such transportation for the above
wagons and harness as w^ll insure their safe and speediest arrival
into the hands of Colonel Hunt, at New Orleans, and for the horses
to such point as Major Tompkins shall designate. You will oblige
the department by retaining your post in it at least until you reach
your regiment.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain S. P. Heintzelman,
Assistant Quartermaster j Louisville^ Ky.
July 19, 1846.
Sir: I have received your letter of the 13th instant. I enclosed
you a blank bond yesterday, and directed you to report in person
to Lieutenant Colonel Hunt. Before executing those instructions
I wish you to purchase all the well broke mules and draught
horses that you can obtain, with wagons and harness. If you can
obtain a hundred wagons and harness, and four hundred draught
mules and horses, purchase them, and take them by the best route,
and in as short a time as possible, to New Orleans. Could not the
whole be sent to Montgomery, and thence in steamboats to New
Orleans? If one hundred wagons and harness cannot be gotten,
purchase half the number, or as many as you can, and proceed
with them to Colonel Hunt, at New Orleans.
I am told you are the son of my friend Major Howard. He I
am sure will aid you with his advice — at least in performing the
duty with which you are charged. An officer now at Savannah
"will visit Columbus with necessary funds in a few days.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain R. R. Howabd,
Assistant Quartermaster ^ ColumbtiSy Ga.
July 19, 1846.
Colonel: On the 22d of May last I requested you to send Cap-
tain Irwin to La Baca bay to superintend the formation of a depot
at San Antonio de Bexar for about five thousand troops, principally
mounted men, and informed you that a competent train must be
602 Ex. Doc. Not 60.
formed for that purpose; and I afterwards, in my instructions to
Colonel Whiting, directed that such a train be formed. Not hay-
ing heard directly from you on the subject, (which I have ascribed
to your constant and laborious attention to your duties,) and Colo-
nel Whiting not having alluded to the subject in any of his letters,
I feel some apprehension that the train may not have been orga-
nized. I had counted largely upon it as auxiliary to the transpor-
tation of General Taylor's army; and I now call your attention to
the subject, and I desire you, if a full train has not already been
formed there, to have it done immediately. In addition to this
train you will direct Captain Irwin to purchase in Texas at least
two hundred ox, horse, and mule teams, with the wagons, harness,
and yokes. The horses, mules, and oxen of that State being ac-
climated and accustoned to graze, will be better for our service
than those on the way from the west. The volunteers I fear have
not been supplied with sufficient trains; and it is doubtful whether
wagons, harness, and mules will reach the scene of operations in
time for the movement of the army. Send Captain Cross also into
Texas to purchase all the wagons, mules, and draught horses that
can be obtained, and have them as early as possible on the Rio
Grande.
Major Eastland informs me that large numbers of well broke
mules can be purchased at this season of the year in Louisiana.
Purchase and send forward to the point in Texas where they can
be most readily landed all you can obtain, as well as draught
horses. Send agents to the Mississippi to purchase all that can be
taken across by land, or be sent by water, as you may think best.
Send all the wagons and harness you can purchase. I feel so much
anxiety on this subject, that I have concluded to send you a dupli-
cate of this letter by an express. Mr. George M. Henry, an acting
■wagon and forage master, is the bearer. 1 desire you to send him
to Captain Irwin as speedily as possible, with your instructions
and an extract of so much of this letter as relates to the subject of
the purchase of horses, &c". The captain, I presume, cannot give
his personal attention to the matter, but can employ agents, and
among them the assistant quartermaster appointed from Texas.
How far can we avail of the mules and horses of Mexico^ I have
had no information on that subject since the death of Colonel
Cross, and know nothing of Major Thomas's arrangements.
Mr. Henry is to be paid as forage master; he has received his
travelling allowance to New Orleans, and a month's pay in advance.
You will pay him his travelling allowance, or furnish him trans-
portation to La Baca bay, and either you or Captain Irwin will
pay him his pay and allowances whilst he remains in service in
Texas.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General,
Lieutenant Colonel T. F. Hunt,
Deputy Quartermaster General,, JVeiv Orleans.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 603
July 19, 1846.
Sir: Your last letter bears date the 8th instant, and contains
your report and that of the architect and engineer on the iron
steamer Chathanrj. Whilst the repairs are making on the steamer
De Rossett, I wish you to proceed to Columbus, Georgia, where I
have directed Captain Howard to purchase from fifty to a hundred
wagons and sets of harness, and from two to four hundred draught
horses and mules. If he should have made the purchase you will
pay for them, and direct him to proceed with them to Lieutenant
Colonel Hunt, at New Orl'^-ans.
Should he not have purchased them, you will, with his aid and
such other assistance as you can obtain, purchase as many as can
oe had, and in the shortest possible time, and send them by the
best route — by steamboats the greater part of the way, if possible.
I have been informed that great numt)ers of wagons are made at
the Georgia penitentiary. I think the penitentiary is at Milledge-
ville. I will thank you to ascertain whether the information is
correct; if so, you may be able to obtain the wagons and harness
there. Do fhe best you can, and in the shortest possible time.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
•Captain H. C. Wayne,
Assistant Quartermaster ^ Savannah, Ga.
July 20, 1846.
Sik: I will thank you to inform me how many wagons and sets
of harness, as well as ox yokes and chains, you have sent to Lieu-
tenant Colonel Hunt. Purchase all you can obtain, and set all the
■wagon and harness makers at work. The present contracts should
be completed at the stipulated price; but for the additional contracts
you may allow whatever you think right. If by increasing the
amount ten dollars, as you propose, for each wagon, you can stimu-
late the mechanics to greater exertion, you are authorized to do so
on all existing engagements, so far as relates to wagons not ytt
finished. I wish you to have, as soon as possible, in addition to
other wagons, fifty for oxen, with three yokes and bows to each
wagon, and all other necessary appendages. As fast as completed
they must be sent to Lieutenant Colonel Hunt. If Russia duck
cannot be obtained for covers, good cotton or domestic linen duck
may be substituted.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain Edward Harding, Commanding arsenal,
Acting Assistant Quartermaster, Pittsburg, Pa.
604 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
July 20, 1846.
Colonel: I enclose you copies of two letters to Captain Hetzel..
As he may have left, I wish you to carry out the instructions con-
tained in those letters should the captain not be at St. Louis or in
the neighborhood. Employ for this purpose Colonel Marsh, and
any other energetic agents you may think proper. Purchase and
send to Lieutenant Colonel Hunt all the wagons and harness you
can obtain; also ox wagons, yokes, bows, chains, &c. If Captain
Hetzel is below, communicate with him by express.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Lieutenant Colonel tEneas McKay,
Deputy Quartermaster General^ St. Loui?, Mo.
July 20, 1846.
Sir: I have received your letter of the 18th. You cannot be
spared from more important duty to visit Bangor for the purpose of
examining the boat. In what time could the wagons of Mr. Tom-
linson be ready'? Is there harness with them, or could it be ob- .
tained readily'? In what time could the wagons reach the army or
New Orleans through the lakes, canals, and rivers? I wrote to you
on the 18th, and requested you to obtain all wagons and harness to
be had in New York. Can wagons and harness be had in the ,
towns above New York? Answer through the telegraph, as well as.
by mail.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain Vinton,
Assistant Quartermaster ^ JVew York.
[telegraph.] July 21, 1846.
Sir: Your despatch of yesterday is received. Could not the 120
wagons be ready by the 1st of August, and 20 or more under the
new contract be ready by the 5lh? The price may be increased if
this can be accomplished. Energy only is necessary to accomplish
it. Ascertain the fact, and inform me by telegraph; also by mail, j
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major H. Baciie,
Jit Major Tompkins'' s office.^ Philadelphia.
July 21, 1846.
Sir: You are authorized to pay Mr. Griffin, whilst on duty in the
quartermaster's department, the commuted allowance for quarters
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 605
and fuel of a lieutenant — quarters at eight dollars per room, and
fuel at the market price. You will push on the repairs of the boats
with the utmost rapiaity, and start them to the Rio Grande as soon
as possible; provide them with coal, and ship on board as many
wagons and sets of harness as you can procure. Ship, also, if they
can be provided in time, all the necessary materials for construct-
ing tow-boats, properly prepared to be put together at once on the
arrival of the boats at their place of destination.
TH. S. JESUP,
i Quartermaster General.
Captain H. C. Wayne,
Assistant Quartermaster., Savaiinah^ Ga.
• July 21, 1846.
Sir: You will proceed to York, Pennsylvania, and purchase all
the wagons and harness you can find there suitable for service in
Mexico. You will also set all the makers of those articles at work
to manufacture •^'s many as possible, and in as short a time as prac-
ticable. Should there be any towns in the neighborhood of York
where v/agons and harness can be procured, you will visit them and
purchase all you can find. Ship them to New Orleans or Texas as
rapidly as you can obtain them. The utmost energy is expected of
you in the performance of this duty. We are willing to pay for
time; and if you can induce the manufacturers to increase their
hours of labor, and thereby make their deliveries more rapidly, you
are authorized to pay a more liberal price for their articles. Let
me hear from you as soon after you have ascertained what you can
accomplish as possible.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain S. B. Dusenbery,
Assistant Quartermaster^ Baltimore, Md.
July 21, 1846.
Sir: I wish feur hundred wagons, harness, &c,, for four horses
or mules for each, by the 15th August, in New York. I wish you
to go to Troy, or to any other place or places where such articles
are to be had, and set every bod)'^ to work who can make wagons
and harness. I rely on your energy and zeal, and you must impart
both to those whom you employ. The number mentioned above
must be ready, cost what they may. You know what should be
paid for them, and I rely on you that all required be ready by the
time stated. If six hundred can be ready by that day, so much the
better. If two or three hundred could be had by the 1st or 2d of
August, I wish them sent down to Captain Vinton. You must su-
perintend the work yourself, and then I shall rest satisfied that
606 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
every thing will be ready in time. You will be allowed three dol-
lars per day, and ten cents per mile for travelling.
^ Tli. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General..
Captain H. L. Thistle,
Agent Quartermaster'' s Departmentj Washington city. ^
[telegraph.] July 22, 1846.
Sir: Yours of this date has bee» received. Let the 650 sets of
harness be procured. Cannot you employ other manufacturers
than those now engaged to make wagons'? If only one or two can
be obtained from each small manufacturer, secure them at as early
a date as practicable.
• TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major Hartman Baciie,
United States Jlrmy, Philadelphia.
July 22, 1846.
Major Eastland is requested to visit New York and examine
steamers suited to the navigation of the Texan coast. If he find a
boat that he believes to be suited to the service, at a reasonable
price, he is authorised to purchase it. He should be certa'-n that
any vessel he may purchase be complete in every respect. Boilers,,
machinery, &,c., should be in a state for efficient service.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major Thomas B. Eastland,
Quartermaster^ Washington city.
[telegraph.] July 23, 1846.
Sir: I have received yours of the 21st instant. You will have
the wagons made at Newark of such materials as the manufacturers
have on hand. Increase, if possible, the number to be delivered
in the first twenty days, and also the periodical deliveries there-
after. It Avill not be necessary for you to go up the Hudson river.
I have an agent on that route.
TH. S. .TESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain M. M. Clark,
Care of Capt. D. H. Vinton^
60 Greenwich street j JVeio York.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 607
July 23, 1846.
Major: Increase the number of mules, including those purchased
by Mr. Roberston, to a thousand. Send six hundred of them to
Lieutenant Colonel Hunt; and the remainder, with the horses which
I ordered Captain Heintzelraan to purchase, send by water to the
mouth of Red river, and thence by land. Send on at least two
hundred teamsters with the mules if you can employ them; one
hundred and fifty with those ordered to New Orleans, and fifty with
the mules and horses to go to the mouth of Red river, and thence
by land. Get all the wagons you can, and send them off as rapidly
as you can. Ava'l yourself, as far as possible, of the services of
the officers ordered to report to you.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster Generals
Major D. D. Tompkins,
Quarter mast er^ Cincinnati^ Ohio.
July 24, 1846.
Sir: I have just received information from the quartermaster in
Philadelphia that you have left an agent there. You may remem-
ber that I informed you I had made arrangements to obtain every
thing that could be made by the workmen in Philadelphia. You
must not interfere with them, nor with the work at Newark. At
all other places you can operate. 1 want the number of wagons
and harness mentioned in my instructions to you, in addition to all
that Philadelphia and Newark can furnish. The interference of the
agent you have left in Philadelphia has deranged my plans most in-
juriously. He must be directed not to interfere there, but be in-
formed that I have secured all the harness and wagons that can be
supplied there and at Newark. You might direct your agent at
Philadelphia to go to Easton, Pennsylvania. He may be able to
obtain some wagons there, without interfering with the work at
Philadelphia.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain H. L. Thistle,
Agent Quartermaster^ s Department^ Troy, JV'. Y.
July 24, 1846.
Sir: I have received your telegraphic despatch of the present
date. Captain Thistle had no authority to contract for wagons in.
Philadelphia. He was ordered to Troy to procure 400 in addition
to those we can obtain in Philadelphia and Newark. The acts of
his agent will not be recognised by this department, and he will
be directed to countermand the orders he had given him. I wish
608 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
you to have horse instead of mule collars for 100 sets of the har-
ness you are now having made, for horses of medium size.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major Hartman Bache,
Wnited States Army^ Philadelphia.
[telegraph.] July 24, 1846.
Sir: Close the contract for the thirty wagons. Pay higher, if
you can get them sooner.
Major Hartman Bache,
U. S. Army, Philadelphia.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
July 25, 1846.
Sir: Should you procure the wagons from Mr. Tomlinson, the
covers can be made in New York, and shipped to New Orleans.
Harness is now being made in Philadelphia, and it will therefore
he unnecessary to send any with those wagons.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain D. H. Vinton,
Assistant Quartermaster ^ Jfew York.
[telegraph.] July 25, 1846.
Sir: Yours of the 23d has been received. You will have the
scows or barges prepared; and when ready, send men with them to
put them together.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major Thomas B. Eastland,
Quartermaster, Joneses Hotel, Philadelphia.
[telegraph.] July 25, 1846.
^Sir: Inform me what number of furniture wagons can be pro-
cured in Baltimore. Keply by telegraph.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General,
Captain S. B. Dusenbery,
Assistant Quartermaster, Baltimore.
Ex. Doc. No. 6Q. 609
July 25, 1846.
Sir: I have received your letter of the 20th instant. As soon as
you get off the horses and mules, I will have you ordered to this
place to settle your accounts.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain S. P. Heintzelman,
Assistant Quartermaster^ Louisville^ Ky.
July 25, 1846.
Sir: Lieutenant Carlisle, acting assistant quartermaster, Boston,
has been directed to send you a quantity of ponton equipage, which
will be ready for delivery to him about the 1st of August, consist-
ing of 31 pontons, with 15 wagons and sets of six-horse harness, 30
anchors and cordage, and wood-work for bridge — the whole weigh-
ing about Q2 tons, and requiring for storage a space of about 3,500
cubic feet. The whole will be shipped, with as little delay iis
practicable, to Captain E. Mansfield, corps of engineers, serving
with the army under the command of General Taylor.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain D. H. Vinton,
Assistant Quartermaster^ J\^ew York.
July 25, 1846.
Sir: If the New York boat prove to be perfectly sound, and in
every respect fit for service on the gulf, you are authorized to pur-
chase her, if she be thoroughly prepared and re-coppered by the
owners; but I would not give more than $35,000 for her.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major T. B. Eastland,
Quartermaster, Astor House, JVew York.
[telegraph.] * July 25, 1846.
Sir: Take all the cars you can get. Let suitable harness and
covers be provided. - ,
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain S. B. Dusenbery,
Assistant Quartermaster, Baltimore.
39
610 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
July 27, 1846.
Sir: I regret extremely that you interfered with my arrange-
ments at Newark, as well as at Philadelphia. As I informed you
before you left Washington, and again in my letter of the 24th, I
wanted the number of wagons I employed you to contract for in
addition to those I had made arrangements to obtain in Philadel-
phia and Newark. Your visit to Newark, where I did not wish
you to go, has retarded my operations, and thus injured the ser-
vice. Get the four hundred wagons, if you can, at Troy and other
places east and north of New York, but you must not go either to
Newark or Philadelphia to accomplish it. If you get the four hun-
dred, they will be sufficient with those I have made arrangements
to obtain — indeed, I will be satisfied with three hundred. You can
pay a fair price, but not, as you say in your letter of the 25th, an
^^ enormous price. ^^ Inform me fully of all you have done, and of
all you are able to do. I do not wish any delivered later than the
15th or 16th of August; for all we may require after that date I
will advertise for proposals. I wish you, however, to ascertain
the resources of every part of the country in suitable materials for
wagons. Harness, I find, can be obtained in any quantity, and at
short notice.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain H. S. Thistle,
Jlgent Quartermaster'' s Dept., JYew York.
July 27, 1846.
Sir: I have received your two letters of the 24th instant. Take
all the Wf.gons you can get at Savannah. If Mr. Warner can
double the number, take them. I will write you again to-morrow.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quart ermastir General.
Captain H. C. Wayne,
Assistant Quartermaster., Savannah^ Ga.
L:
July 28, 1846.
Sir: I have received your letter of the 24th instant. Captain
Thistle was employed to proceed to Troy to procure in that place,
and its vicinity, as many wagons as possible for tl;ie army of occu-
pation, but was expressly charged not to operate at points where
the officers of the department had already contracted for wagons.
As we require all that can be procured at as early a day as practi-
cable, if you can by your advice assist Captain Thistle in accom-
plishing the object we have in view, you are requested to do so.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain D. II. Vinton,
Assistant Quartermaster} JVew York.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 611
July 29, 1846.
Sir: I have received your letter of the 25th instant. The
harness obtained for this department in Philadelphia is better than
any we have procured elsewhere. That for which you have con-
tracted must be paid for at the price stipulated, but we cannot pay
that price for any more. The payment of the bills certified to by
Captain Sanders, to which you refer, is approved.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain E. Harding,
Acting Assistant Quartermaster ^ Pittsburgy Pa.
P. S. — While the river is up, obtain and send to Lieutenant
Colonel Hunt every kind of wagon that you think can be made
useful with the army of occupation. It is of the utmost impor-
tance that Wi get as many as possible to the scene of operations in
the shortest practicable time.
TH. S. JESUP.
fc July 30, 1846.
Sir: I am advised by Colonel Whiting that you have been as-
signed to duty with General Wool. You will have charge of the
operations of the department with the division under his command.
Instead of following on with or after the general, you will proceed
immediately to La Baca, and thence to San Antonio, and will pur-
chase all the horses, mules, and oxen that maybe necessary for the
transportation of the command. I am informed that several hun-
dred ox teams can probably be procured at a German settlement in
Comal county, about thirty miles from San Antonio, and a number
at a French settlement on the Medina, 25 miles northwest of San
Antonio. You will visit those places, and purchase all you can
find. Should there be more than will be required for General
Wool's command, send the remainder, under proper conductors,
to Colonel Whitinsf. ■- '";7"^
Major Charles Thomas,
Quartermaster y Mem-phis^ Tennessee
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
July 31, 1846.
Sir: I have received your letter of the 2Tth instant. In addi-
tion to the thirty-six wagons and sets of harness already engaged,
you are authorized to take from Mr. Warner one hundred of each,
if he will engage to deliver fifty per month. I would prefer one
hundred per month, and in that event would take two hundred.
612 ' Ex. Doc. No. 60.
They must conform as nearly as possible to the description here-
with enclosed.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General,
Captain Henry C. Wayne,
Assistant Quartermaster^ Savannah, Ga.
July 31, 1846.
Sir: I have chartered the steam propellers John Stephens and
John R. Thompson for three months, with the privilege of pur-
chasing within that time. They will take out tents, knapsacks,
wagons, harness, &c., from Philadelphia to Brazos San lago. You
will furnish them with coal until their own stock shall be received,
and you will employ them between New Orleans and Brazos as
despatch and freight boats, or as lighters, or in any other way you
can make them most useful. To-morrow a copy of the charter
will be sent you.
I have purchased from Messrs. Loperand Baird, of Philadelphia,
the barque Robert Morris, either for a freight or store-ship; she is
represented as a sound vessel, recently overhauled and hoppered,
well found in every respect. This purchase is made on condition
that you find the vessel as represented. Messrs. Ashbridge & Co.
(the agents at New Orleans) will be authorized by the owners to
deliver her to you. The payment to be made at this city on your
receipt or certificate of delivery. This vessel stands A No. 2 iii
the Philadelphia insurance oflfices, and insures at 7 per cent, per
annum.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Lieut. Colonel Thomas F. Hunt,
Deputy Quartermaster General, J^ew Orleans.
August 1, 1846.
General: I have received the letter of Mr. Myers referred by
you to this office. The arrangements of the department, so far as
relates to boats for the navigation of the Rio del Norte, are com-
plete. No other boats will be required, unless some ©f those now
in service should be wrecked or so much injured as to be thrown
out of service. Fifteen boats (two of them iron) have been pur-
chased or chartered for that river, and eight or ten of them, I be-
lieve, are now employed in transporting troops and supplies to
General Taylor's depot; the remainder will soon arrive and be put
in operation there.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major General W. Scott,
Commanding Army, Washington city.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 613
August 1, 1846.
Sir: You will forward all the wagons you have purchased to
Philadelphia, from which place a steamer will sail with supplies
for Texas in a few days. We can, by steamers, place them at
Brazos San lago in fifteen days. Since writing the above, your
telegraphic despatch of this date has been received, in which you
state that you have purchased and engaged about two hundred and
sixty wagons. This number will suffice for the present. Another
steamer will leave Philadelphia about the 12th of August: get as
many wagons as possible and send them to Philadelphia by that
date.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain S. B.. Dusenbery,
Assistant Quartermaster^ Baltimore^ Md.
[telegiiaph.] August 1, 1846.
Sir: I have received yours of yesterday. I wish the w^agons to
which you refer taken off the ship, if practicable, as they cannot
possibly reach the Rio Grande in time if shipped on board her.
Sail vessels for the south cannot be depended on at this season of
the year. Two steamers have been chartered to sail from Phila-
delphia direct to Brazos San lago; one early next week — the other
a week later; they will be able to take on board all the w'agons,
harness, camp equipage, &C.5 that may be ready, and place them
at Brazos in fifteen days.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major Hartman Bache,
U. S. Army^ Philadelphia. ♦
[telegraph.] August 3, 1846.
Sir: I wish you to attend personally to the receipts of the
■wagons; see that they are in all respects such as the contracts
call for. Should you desire to do so, you can visit this place, but
it will be necessary that you return tp the north. A set of har-
ness can be obtained in Philadelphia. If you visit this place, you
can, on your return, take it with you; if not, it will be sent to
you. Get all the wagons you can by the ITlh; take none after the
25th.
Captain H. L. Thistle,
JVew; For A'.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
614 ' Ex. Doc. No. 60.
August 3, 1846.
Sir: I bave a letter to-day from Captain Howard, informing me
that no mules or wagons can be obtained at Columbus, except at
an exorbitant rate. You will, therefore, return to Savannah and
attend to getting oflf the boats purchased there, and the wagons
purchased from Mr. Warner. A Mr. Revell offers ten prime wagons
and fifty mules. If they are at Columbus or in the neighborhood^
it would be well to purchase them, provided they can be sent from
Montgomery by water; but if they are at Savannah, neither the
mules nor the wagons could be taken in any reasonable time to
New Orleans.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain H. C. Wayne,
Assistant Quartermaster.) Columbus^ Geo.
August 3, 1846..
Sir: I have received your letter of the 28th ultimo. It was the
supposed failure to obtain wagons on the western waters that in-
duced me to direct that any that could be obtained at Columbus
should be purchased and sent on to Lieutenant Colonel Hunt. You
will, remain at New Orleans until further orders, and perform
such duties as may be assigned to you by Lieutenant Colonel
Hunt.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General. <
Captain Robert R. Howard,
Assistant Quartermaster.,
Care of Lieutenant Colonel Hunt, JYew Orleans.
August, 4, 1846.
Sir: I have just received your letter of the 27th ultimo. The
mules will be sent direct to New Orleans, from which place they
can be sent to the army by steam. We have not time to drive
them through the country from the mouth of Red river. Purchase
and send to New Orleans all the second-hand wagons you can
procure, and which you deem suitable for service with the
army.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain A. R. Hetzel,
Assistant Quartermaster^ St. Louis, Missouri.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 615
August 5, 1846.
Sir: Captain Vinton's services being required in the interior of
New York, you will proceed to the city of New York and relieve
him temporarily in the current duties there. You will collect at
that post all the wagons and harness which you contracted for,
and all that Captain Thistle conti acted for. It is desirable to have
as many wagons and sets of harness ready by the 15th instant as
will load the Edith, a steam propeller which I have chartered to
lake them to Brazos San lago.
TH. 'S. JESUP,
^ Quartermaster General.
Captain M. M. Clark,
Assistant Quartermaster^ Washington city.
August 5, 1846.
Sir: You will proceed to Pembroke and inspect the wagons of
Mr. Tomlinson. You can employ the person whom you recom-
mended as a conductor. Take only such of the wagons as are in
every respect completed according to your directions. From Pem-
broke go on to Buffalo. Take none after the 16th at Buffalo, as
those not received there by that day cannot be taken to the army
in time. Your conductor can proceed with such as you receive to
Cleveland, where he will report to Captain S. H. Webb, of the
quartermaster's department. Should that officer not be at Cleve-
land, he will proceed with the wagons to Cincinnati and deliver
them to Major Tompkins. When at Buffalo, you will settle the
rent due the owner of the land occupied by the barracks. Captain
Clark has been directed to relieve you temporarily at New York,
where he will remain until you return from Pembroke and
Buffalo.
TH. S. JESUr,
Quartermaster General.
Captain H. D. Vinton,
Assistant Qnartermaster, j\^ew York.
[telegraph.] August 6, 1846.
Sir: I have your telegraphic note of this morning. Load vessels
with oats for the Brazos San lago, and ship on board them the
wagons the bodies of which cannot be taken to pieces. Those the
bodies of which can be taken apart will be sent immediately to
Philadelphia. Employ, if possible, vessel's drawing not more than
1\ feet. These can cross the bar at the Brazos.
TH. S. JESUP,
• Quartermaster General,
Captain S. B. Dusexbery,
s-istant Quartermaster^ Baltimore
616 Ex. Doc. No. 60
August 6, 1846.
Sir: You will proceed to Philadelphia and attend to the loading
of the steamers chartered fr"om Loper and Baird, The acting
assistant quartermaster at that city, Major H. Eache, will receive
from Colonel Stanton all the tents and other camp and garrison
equipage now ready, and will ship them on the first of the steamers
that shall be ready, with all the wagons and harness that can be
got ready. The other steamer will be loaded wit-h similar articles;
an-d it is desirable that they be despatched with as little delay as
possible. On reflection, I think it hardly necessary that you
should remain longer in Philadelphia than to see the first steamer
loaded; that being done, you will proceed to New York and
examine the steam propeller Edith, and see that she is in every
respect in the best state for efficient service. If in such a state,
she will be loaded with wagons, harness, and any other public
supplies that may be in New York for transportation to the army.
Captain M. M. Clark, whom you saw in this office, and with whom
I desire you to communicate, will attend to the loading of the
vessel. I wish you to cause the Neptune to be put into the best
order for efficient service: have her, if possible, ready to take in
her cargo by the 17th, at which time several hundred wagons will
be ready, as well as other supplies. An efficient captain and crew
must be employed. If frames for suitable boats for towing on the
Rio Grande can be prepared in time, have three or four of them
prepared, and employ suitable persons to go out in the Neptune
and put them together on the Rio Grande. Having completed the
services with which you are charged, you will return to this city,
preparatory to returning to New Orleans.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major T. B. Eastland,
Quartermasttr U. S. Jl., Washington city.
August 6, 1846.
Sir: Major T. B. Eastland being under orders for Philadelphia
and New York, on duty connected with the receiving into service
several steamers for the transportation of su{>plies to Brazos San
lago, I take great pleasure in introducing him to your acquaintance,
and recommending him as a gentleman in every way to be relied
on. The major has chartered, by my orders, two steam propellers
from Loper and Baird, of Philadelphia; both will be ready this
week to receive cargoes: they will take the frames of five or six
scows, with the tools and materials required to put them up on the
Rio Grande, and all the wagons and harness you have ready ; in ad-
dition to which, all the tents, knapsacks, and canteens Colonel
Stanton may have ready, will be put on board, with such other
camp equipage as can be taken.
I wish the major to proceed to New York as soon as possible.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. ' 617
It will not be necessary that he remain ^n Philadelphia longer
than to see that the steamers be in a condition to render efficient
service, and to obtain proper materials for the scows to be used as
tow-boats on the Rio Grande.
I wish the boats to be despatched to their destination with as
little delay as possible.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major H. Bache,
Acting Assistant Quartermaster ^ Philadelphia.
August 6, 1846.
Sir: I have received your letter of the 2d instant. Before seeing
it I had written to you to contract for 1,000 tentsj the letter was
sent under cover to Major Howard. I had a letter from the major
to-day: he supposes we can get from fifty to one hundred wagons
at and about Columbus, and from three to four hundred well broke
mules. Fifty wagons will answer our purpose, but I Would be glad
to get at least three hundred mules. Send them to Mobile if you
get them, under the direction of careful persons, to Captain Toul-
min, assistant quartermaster at that city, with orders to him to
send them to Lieutenant Colonel Hunt. I understand to- day that
any number of well broke mules we may desire can be had in south
Alabama. If you can obtain six hundred there, purchase them and
send them to Lieutenant Colonel Hunt. They can be had, I am
told, at from seventy-five to ninety dollars; at these rates I would
take a thousand. Do the best you can, and all you can.
Get the steamers De Rossett and Summers off as soon as possible.
You can, before they are ready, purchase all the mules that can be
readily obtained about Columbus and in south Alabama. Employ
such agents as you may find necssary. Major Howard, in whom I
have great confidence, promises to aid you to the best of his ability.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain H. C. Wayne,
Assistant Quartermaster, Savannah, Ga.
August 10, 1846.
Sir: Your letter of the 9th instant is received. You will pur-
chase the "Susan," if, on inspection, she prove to be as good a
vessel as you think her, provided you can obtain a competent and
trustworthy captain and a proper crew to navigate her; otherwise
I would prefer to charter a vessel.
By order:
THEODORE O'HARRA,
Assistant Quartermaster, U. S. Army.
Major Thomas B. Eastland,
Quartermaster U. S. A., Philadelphia, Pa.
618 ' Ex. Doc. No. 60.
August 11, 1846.
Sir: Before receiving the saddles accompanying the harness con-
tracted for at Newark, you will be careful to examine the structure
and the interior material of the saddles, in order to be satisfied
that the tree is sound and suitable. For this purpose you will
have one as a sample, selected by yourself, taken to pieces and
thoroughly inspected. All that are not entirely free from objec-
tion in these particulars you will reject.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain M. M. Clari^,
Assistant Quartermaster U. S. A.^ JYew York city.
August 14, 1846.
Sir: I am informed that portable forges, which will answer a
good purpose with the army of occupation, can be procured in New
York. You will purchase eight or ten, fully provided with tools,
and send them to Texas by the first opportunity. Purchase also,
and ship at the same time, ten thousand mule shoes, with a suf-
ficient quantity of nails for that number. There is an agency in
New York for a Troy manufacturing company of those articles,
information in regard to which can be obtained of Mr. R. J. Van-
dewater, 100 Broad street. The harness now being manufactured
in Newark should be inspected as the work progresses. Captain
Thistle is well calculated for this duty. If his services cannot be
secured, you are authorized to employ a competent and trusty per-
son to make the inspection.
TH. S. JESUP,
Qaurtermaster General.'
Captain M. M. Clark,
Assistant Quartermaster ^ JYeiu York.
August, 14, 1846.
Sir: I have received your letter of the 5th inst. In my letter of
the 20th ultimo I asked two simple questions, to which I expected
positive answers from you, as the head of the department with the
army from the death of Colonel Cross, on the 10th of April, to the
arrival of Colonel Whiting on the 3d of July, and not from Major
McRee. I knew that a number of boats, provided at great ex-
pense, had been abandoned somewhere between Corpus Christ! and
Point Isabel. Colonel Cross"'s report was the last information I
had of the matter. Had the colonel lived, I have no doubt he
would have taken measurers to recover them, or a portion of them.
After his death you were the senior of the department, and I took
it for granted that a matter so important to the success of the army
would not be overlooked by you. I now desire to know whether,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 619
during the long interval between the death of Colonel Cross and the
arrival of Colonel Whiting, any measures were adopted by you to
recover the boats. Major McRee's report would not be of the
least importance. He was not the senior officer of the department,
and could not be governed by any instructions from Colonel Cross
after the death ot that officer. I had heard unofficially that no
measures had been adopted to recover the boats, and my letter of
the 20th was written to you to ascertain whether so great a neglect
had been committed, which, I assure you, I was unwilling to
believe. Expecting my inquiries to be answered, I am, sir, most
respectfully, &c.,
. TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major Charles Thomas, %
Quartermaster^ Linnvilley La Baca bay^ Texas.
[telegraph.] August 15, 1846.
Sir: The steamer Palmetto has been chartered to take supplies to
Brazos San lago. She will be in Philadelphia on the 20th. Ship
by her all the wagons, camp equipage, &c., you may have on hand
after loading the " Susan," or which may be ready on the 20th.
The proposition of Simons, Wilson, Childs & Co., to furnish
wagons, will be accepted. Get them to furnish as many as practi-
cable by the 20th.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major Hartman Bache,
Uiiited States Army^ Philadelphia.
[telegraph.] " August 15, 1846.
Sir: Send all the wagons the bodies of which can be taken to
pieces to Philadelphia, from which place a steamer will sail on the
20th of this month. Those which cannot be taken to pieces will
be shipped on the brig to which you refer in your telegraphic de-
spatch.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain S. B. Dusenbery,
Baltimore.
August 15, 1846.
Sir; I advised you by telegraph this morning that the steamer
Palmetto, chartered to take supplies to Brazos San lago, would be
in Philadelphia on the 20th of this month. In addition to the camp
620 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
and garrison equipage and wagons which you were requested to
ship on board this vessel, I will thank you to procure and forward
the following articles:
4 chestSj complete, of carpenters' tools.
4 sets, complete, of blacksmiths' tools, including bellows,
anvils, &c.
5,000 horse and 5,000 mule shoes, with a sufficient number of
nails.
4 or 500 horse collars.
3 or 4 sets, complete, wheelwrights' or wagonmakers' tools.
Captain Dusenbery, assistant quartermaster, Baltimore, has been
directed to s&nd to you all the wagons he has on hand, the bodies
of which can be taken to pieces. They, too, will be shipped by
the Palmetto. In order to have the sets of carpenters' and other
tools complete, they had better be put under the inspection of
competent mechanics.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major Hartman Bache,
United States Army^ Philadelphia.
P. S. — For the convenience of transportation, I wish the wagons
authorized to be contracted for this morning so constructed as that
the bodies may be readily taken to pieces.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
August 16, 1846.
Sir: I have received your letter of the 14th instant. Let the
Neptune be sent to Philadelphia. There will be sufficient supplies,
including wagons and harness, to load her and the Susan. Let the
ponton train be taken on board of her before she leaves for Philadel-
phia. I rely on your experience to make the best arrangments for
sailing her, either by the month or otherwise, as you may consider
most advantageous for the public service.
The wagons and harness to be received at New York may be
shipped by Captain Clark in the Palmetto (which I have chartered)
and the Edith. I believe there is no entry necessary at the cus-
tom-house, and the public never insures either vessels or cargoes.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major T. B. Eastland,
Quartermaster U. S. A., city of JYew York.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. G21
August 17, 1846.
Sir: I experienced great inconvenience in consequence of not
having the regular reports and other papers due from your office.
They must be furnished. You are not restricted in regard to assist-
ants; and if you have not a sufficient number of clerks to enable
you to keep up your reports, monthly papers, and accounts, you
must employ them. Send the wagons, harness, and camp equipage
to Brazos San lago as fast as you receive them; also the mules and
horses. I have purchased the Neptune, and will send from Phila-
delphia to Brazos San lago in her a supply of wagons, harness,
tents, &c.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Lieut. Col. Thomas H. Hunt,
Deputy Quartermaster General^ JVciv Orleans, La.
August 17, 1846.
Sir: I have required a remittance in your favor of nine thousand
five hundred dollars, to enable you to pay for the schooner Susan,
recently purchased by Major Eastland.
The steamer Neptune has been substituted for the Palmetto, to
take supplies from Philadelphia to Brazos San lago; ship on board
of her as many tents, wagons, and sets of harness as possible, these
being the supplies more particularly required with the army at pre-
sent.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major Hartman Bache,
U.^S. Ji. J Philadelphia.
August 17, 1846.
Sir I respectfully refer the enclosed letter of Daniel Abbey, ap-
plying for a contract for harness, to your consideration.
It has been represented to me that the wagons being made at Sa-
vannah are of unseasoned lumber. They must not be made of such
material, cut this or the last year. Not one must be received
which is not made of timber perfectly seasoned,
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain H. C. Wayne,
Assistant Quartermaster^ Savannah^ Ga.
August 17, 1846.
Sir: I enclose a duplicate of a contract with a master wagon-
622 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
maker and several assistants — men of excellent character — who
have engaged to go out to Mexico for service in the department, as
wagonmakeis.
You can retain them at your depot, or send them forward to the
nrincipal depot of the army in the field.
*^ ^ ' TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major S. McRee,
Quartermaster^ Brazos San lago, Texas.
August 17, 1846.
Sir: The enclosed letter of John Travers is referred to you, with
the request that you will examine the boat which he offers, if you
have the time. If the person referred to by Mr. Travers have any
wagons on hand, it would be well to purchase them. I will thank
YOU to report how many wagons will be ready by the 20th instant.
^ ' ° ■ TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain M. M. Clarke,
Assistant Quartermaster ^ J^ew York city.
August 18, 1846.
Sir: Please furnish Mr. Jackson and his assistants with passage
on board the Neptune. They are to be employed by the officer in
charo-e of the department at Brazos San lago, in putting together
and repairing the public wagons. They furnish their own passage
from hence to Philadelphia. Their pay commences to-day, so that
you can employ them in assisting to take apart and store the
wagons on board the vessel, until she is ready for sea. I enclose
YOU a list of their names and rates of compensation.
^ TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major Hartman Bache,
In charge of quartermaster'^s depU, Philadelphia.
August 18, 1846.
Sir: I enclose an anonymous letter received by the last mail.
The Secretary of War informed me, to-day, that he had received
similar letters. I send the original, that you may be able to dis-
cover, if po«?sible, the writer.
No wagon must be taken from Mr. Warner that is not made en-
tirely of the best seasoned materials, and before being received
must be closely examined and passed by competent wagonmakers,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 623
who must be sworn to do justice between the public and the con-
tractor.
Captain Myers is in Charleston, and will attend, at your request,
to any business there. He and Mr. Griffin can superintend the
■work goinor on there and at Savannah until the mules and wagons
be sent off to Lieutenant Colonel Hunt. Send the wagons and
mules off as you obtain them, without delay, and send all the tents
in them that m^y be ready.
TH. S. JESUP, .
Quartermaster General.
Captain H. C. Wayne,
Assistant Quartermaster , Savannah, Ga.
August 19, 1846.
Sir: Captain Vinton has sent several wagons from Buffalo to
Cincinnati, which you will forward by the most rapid conveyance
to Lieutenant Colonel Hunt.
t,, ' TH. S. JESUP,
, Quartermaster General.
i Major D. D. Tompkins,
Quartermaster U. S. A.^ Cincinnati, Ohio.
August 20, 1846.
Sir: You will direct the barque steam-propeller Edith to Boston
to take Avagons thence to Brazos San lago; and you will charter a
vessel or vessels to take the remaining wagons thence to the Bra-
zos. To accomplish this you will proceed to Boston; and having
sent all the wagons off, or having made arrangements to do so, you
will return to New York. The duties at the latter place may in
your absence, be confided to Mr. Stinson.
A remittance of $30,000 will be required for you to-day for Boston
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain M. M. Clark,
Assistant Quartermaster, JVew York.
[telegraph.] August 20, 1846.
Sir: I have received your letter of the 18th instant. We will
not require any more wagons at present. The 300 in Boston with
the 100 in New York will be sufficient. Captain Clark will provide
transportation for the wagons at Boston.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain H. L. Thistle,
Agent Quartermaster's DepH, JYew York.
624 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
[telegraph.] " August 20, 1846.
Sir: We have as many wagons engaged as we want at present.
A further supply will be required in the autumn, for which pro-
posals will be invited by notice in the newspapers: so inform Mr.
Stewart. Send the steam barque Edith to Boston to transport wagons
and other public property thence to Brazos San lago. Proceed to
Boston and provide transportation for all the wagons not taken
by the Edith. Charter light draught vessels if possible. I have
required $30,000 to be remitted to you at Boston.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain M. M. Clark,
Assistant Quartermaster^ JVew York.
August 20, 1846.
Sir: Finding it necessary to send Captain Clark to Boston, I
have required for you a remittance of $41,500, to pay for the Nep-
tune; and I enclose a memorandum of a contract for the charter of
the Palmetto, which I wish you to execute with Mr. Vandewater.
I wish you to send the Palmetto, as soon as possible, to Major
Bache, who will load her and despatch her to the Brazos. So soon
as the Neptune shall have sailed, I wish you to return hither, pre-
paratory to proceeding to New Orleans, where your services are
much needed. Get as many wagons as possible on the Neptune.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major Thomas B. Eastland,
Quartermaster U. S. Jl.j city of JYew York.
August 21, 1846.
Sir: Your letter of the 20th instant, in relation to the ponton
boats, &c., is received. You will send them, with the Iftdia-rubber
covers, to the Rio Grande without delay.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Colonel Henry Stanton,
Assistant Quartermaster General^
Philadelphia^ Pa.
[telegraph.] August 21, 1846.
Sir: Your despatch by telegrrph is received. Colonel Stanton
has been ordered to turn over to you $2,500 for the service men-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 625
tioned by you. Put as many wagons as possible on board of the
DN^eptune, and get her off as soon as possible.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major T. B. Eastland,
Quartermaster U. S. A.^ New York.
[telegraph.] August 21, 1816.
Sir: Turn over to Major Thomas B. Eastland, quartermaster,
now at New York, $2,500. The money is wanted immediately for
the public service, and there is no time to make remittance from
the treasury.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Colonel Henry Stanton,
Assistant Quartermaster General ^ U. S. A.j
Philadelphia.
[Extract.]
August 21, 1846.
Colonel: The steamers chartered from Loper & Baird, if they
go out safely, may answer to run round through the mouth of the
Kio Grande with stores from the Brazos. A large supply of coal
Tvill be necessary there, and should be provided. I hope you send
•wagons, harness, and mules to the Brazos; they must be sent on as
lapidly as possible.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Lieut. Col. Thomas F. Hunt,
JVeio Orleans.
[by telegraph.] August 22, 1846.
Sir: I have received your two letters of yesterday. Let the
Edith complete her cargo, and sail at once. A letter from he Sec-
retary of the Treasury to the collector at Key West, directin-^ him
to supply the captain of the Edith with coal, will be sent to you
by the mail of to-day. All the wagons and harness remaining
after loading the Edith and Neptune will be shipped in fast ves-
sels to Brazos San lago. Those in Boston will be shipped in the
same way. A remittance will be made to you to pay for wagons,
&c., deliverable in Boston, on Monday,
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain M. M. Clark,
New York,
40
626 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
[Extract.]
August 22, 1846,
Sir: By telegraph of this morning you were directed to com-
plete the caigo of the Edith, and start her at once on her voyage;
and also to ship all the wagons .and harness remaining in New
York after loading the Edith and Neptune, as well as those about
to be delivered in Boston, on swift vessels, to Brazos San lago.
TH. S. JESUP,
Captain M. M. Clark,
J^ew York.
Quartermaster General.
[by telegraph.] August 22, 1846.
Sir: The, Neptune having taken in part of her cargo in New
York before the receipt of the letter directing her to be sent to
Philadelphia, it became necessary to order the Palmetto to take
her place. This vessel left New York for your place on the 20th.
You will ship on her the supplies intended to have been sent by
the Neptune.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major Hartman Bache,
Philadelphia.
[Extracts.]
August 24, 1846.
Major: I have received your letter of the I8th instant. The
fifty additional wagons which you mention will be sufficient. Send
them on as rapidly as possible, and in boats of such light draught
of water as will insure their getting out of the Ohio.
Will not the horses and mules be too late on the Rio Grande if
they take wagons with them? Sliould you think they can be sent
more readily by the way of New Orleans, and at the same time
more expeditiously, let them take that route — at least the mules.
TH. S. JESUP,
Major D. D. Tompkins,
Cincinnati.
Quartermaster General.
[by telegraph.] August 24, 1846.
Sir: Charter the Virginia if she is as good as you 'think her.
, Ex. Doc. No. 60. 62T
Load ber with wagons and fill up with oats. Captain Clark or Mr.
Stinson'*will be directed to purchase the oats.
. TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster GeneraL
To Major T. B. Eastland,
JVeio York.
August 21, 1846.
Sir: I have received your letter of the 18th instant. We shall
want all the iron boats contracted 'for. Send off those already fia-
ished at once, and the others as fast »s they are completed.
TH. S. JESUP,
To Captain E. Harding,
Pittsburg, Penn.
Quartermaster General.
August 27, 1846.
Sir: I h:ive received your letter of the 21st instant. I apprehend
the mules will be too late. I wished them to reach San Antonio as
early as the mounted troops from Kentucky and Tennessee. This
could have been done if the mules had been taken forward at once,
without waiting for the horses, and no w^agons had been taken. If
the mules can be sent via New Orleans in less time than on the
route you propose, I would advise that you send them by that
route; if, however, you can take them in as short a time through
the country,! would advise that pack saddles be substituted for
wagons, and t|je latter be seat via New Orleans.
TH. S. JESUP,
To Captain S. H. Drum,
Cincinnati.
Quartermaster Generabl.-
[by telegraph.] August 29, 1846.
Sir: The steamer \ irginia* has been ordered from New York to
Pfliladeiphia, to take suppkes to Brazos San lago. Ship on board
of her as many wagons and sets of harness as possible, together
with such tents and other equipage as Colonel Stanton may have
ready to send to that place.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster GeneraL
To Major Hartman Bache,
Philadelphia.
628 Ex. Doc. No. 60. ^
August 29, 1846.
Sir: Major Baker has been instructed fruiH Ih'; ordnance office
to send you twenty-four sets of horse harness remaining at Water-
•vliet arsenal, of a quantity sent to that place at the close of the
Florida war. You w^ill send it to Mexico in some one of the trans-
ports takings supplies from New York.
^ . TH.^S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
To Captain M. M. Clark, * *
JVeit; York.
• Slptember 4, 1846.
Sir: I will thank you to send all the wagons you may have on
tand, together with all you may receive under present engagements
■up to the 15th of this month, to Lieutenant Colonel ^Eneas Mackay,
deputy quartermaster general, St. Louis, Missouri. We shall want
no more after the 15th.
TIL S. JESUP,
Quarter master General.
To Captain E. Harding,
Pittsburgj Penn.
September 4, 1846.
Sir: I have received your letter of the 28th ultimo. I wish you
tol^get the steamers off" as soon as practicable. Send them either to
!New Orleans or Brazos San lago, and to avoid danger as much as
possible, direct that they be kept as near the coast as practicable.
No wagons must be received but such as are made of well sea-
soned timber, and all should be rigidly inspected by practical me-
chanics.
To Captain Henry C. Wayne,
Savannahj Georgia.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
[Extract.] '
September 5, 1846.
Sir: By all means get the boats off. Take as few wagons as
possible from Mr. Warner, and take none that are not made of the
best seasoned timber, and in the best manner. Such has been the
energy ©f the officers in the different sections of the country, that
•we have now a greater number of wagons than the service requires.
As soon as you get tiie boats off you will retuj-n hither, where
"Vour services are much wanted.
^ TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General,
To Captaia Henry C. Wayne,
Savannahy Georgia,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 629
September 5, 1846.
Sir: The Topographical department has two small steamers at
Louisville which they offer to me for service on the Rio del Norte.
i will thank you to examine them, and inform me whether they
require any repairs or alterations to fit them for our purpose. Re-
port their present value.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major D. T). Tompkins,
Cincinnati J Ohio.
September 5, 1846.
Sir: I received, several days ago, your letter of the 22d of last
month. The delay at Pittsburg in completing and delivering
wagons contracted for has been a serious inconvenience to the pub-
lic service. In consequence of that delay I have been obliged to
purchase at other places to supply the deficiency, and no more are
required or can be taken.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
To Mr. R. A. McKee,
Mleghany Town., Butler county^ Pa.
September 21, 1846.
Major: You will proceed to New Orleans and report to Lieut*
Col. Hunt for dtity in the department at that station.
Information has been received at this office that the Palmetto^
which was freighted with wagons and other government stores at
Philadelphia, and bound for Brazos island, was forced to put into
Charleston harbor in distress. On arriving at Charleston you will
ascertain to what extent she has been injured, and whether or not
she will be able to proceed on her voyage immediately^ and if not,
you will take measures to see that the property is sent to its desti-
nation without delay.
Tliere were several hired mechanics on board, destined for Brazos.
Should they still be in Charleston, you will provide transportatioiL
for them^ •
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General..
To Major Thomas B. Eastland,
Washington city.
€30 • Ex. Doc. No. 60. -
September 22, 1846.
Colonel: You are requested to purchase two hundred and fifty
lorses, one hundred and twenty-five for draught and one hundred
and twenty- five for dragoon service, and send them to Colonel
Hunt at New Orleans. You are authorized to employ as many
agents to assist you as you consider necessary to enable you to per-
form the service as early as practicable. Should any of the volun-
teer quartermasters be at St. Louis, you will also avail yourself o£
their services. Y'ou will also employ fifty good mule teamsters, to
assist in transporting the horses to New Orleans, and for service in
Mexico. They must contract to serve six months, unless sooner
discharged; and, as security, one-third of their monthly pay to be
retained until the contract is fulfilled.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
To Lieut. Col. -iEneas Mackay,
!St Louis, Missouri.
September 22, 1846.
Sir: Lieutenant Colonel Long has two steamboats at Louisville,
ibe Gopher and the Dragon, which he has been directed by the
chief of his department to turn over to the quartermaster's depart-
ment. 1 desire you to take charge of them, and employ competent
captains and crews and proceed with them to New Orleans, and
deliver them to Lieutenant Colonel Hunt, or to Major Thomas B.
Eastland, should he have arrived and entered on duty at that port.
Having accomplished tjiis duty, you will proceed to this city for
the settlement of your accounts. Lieutenant Colotiel Long will
transfer to you the sum of two thousand dollars, which I required
in his name, fearing you might have left Louisville.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
To Captain S. P. Heintzelman,
Loinsville, Kentucky.
September 22, 1846.-
Major: •You will, as soon as practicable, purchase two ihundred
iorses; one hundred for draught and one hundred for dragoon ser-
Tice, and send them to Colonel Hunt at New Orleans. You are
authorized to employ as many agents as you consider necessary to
assist you in making the purchase. See that none but the best
horses are purchased — such as are sound, wind and limb, and free
from faults and blemishes, and exclude also natural pacers and
mares.
You will also employ fifty good teains'ters to assist in conducting
the horses to New Orleans, and for service in Mexico. They must
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 631
enter into a contract to serve at least six months, unless sooner
discharged; and, as security, the government to withhold one-third
of their pay until the contract is fulfilled.
To carry out these instructions a remittance of twenty thousand
dollars has been this day required in your favor.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General,
To Major Nathaniel Anderson,
Memphis^ Tcnncsee.
September 22, 1846.
Sir: There are two steamboats at Louisville, the Dragon and the
Gopher, which have been transferred from the topographical to the
quartermaster's department. You are appointed to the command
of one of them; and I desire you to proceed to Louisville as soon
as you conveniently can, and enter upon your duty as captain.
Lieutenant Colonel Long lias at present the charge of the boats;
and should Captain Heintzelman, of the army, have left Louisville,
the colonel will put you in charge of one of them, and will aid you
in shipping a proper crew. If the captain be there, he will place
you in command of the boat, and will probably accompany you to
New Orleans.
I desire that the boats be loaded with coal, provided a cargo can
he taken in, say at Ilawsville, without delaying more than a day or
two; but I would not take any loading that would endanger the
passage of the boats out of the Ohio river.
As you pass down, I wish you to examine the snag-boats at Pa-
ducah, and if you think them suitable for the navigation of rapid
rivers, or for lighters over the bars of the southern coasts, I desire
you to report the fact to me, as well as the condition of the boats,
and the amount of the repairs they require.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
To Captain H. H. Harrison,
Of Tennessee^ now at Washington city.
[Extract.]
September 23, 1846.
Major: As soon after your arrival at New Orleans as possible,
you will purchase the steamers of which I gave you a memorandum
to-day, and have them in as perfect order as pofsible for service.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
To Major Thomas B. Eastland,
Washington city.
632 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
[by telegraph.] September 23, 1846.
Sir: You will ship on board the vessel chartered to take the dra-
goons to Texas eight or ten wagons, with harness complete.
To Captain D. H. Vinton,
JVeio York.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
September 24, 1846.
Sir: If the mules are at Blakely, let them remain there under the
direction of Captain Howard, and make provision for foraging them.
They will be required in the course of next month; they are, as
you are aware, a reserve from which to supply deficiencies in the
transportation of the army. They can be foraged for less at Blakely
than at New Orleans, and can be as readily transported from thence
to the point where they may be required as from New Orleans, and
the transportation will be saved.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
To Major T. B. Eastland,
Mobile^ Ala. — {^Duplicate to Charleston.)
September 25. 1846.
Sir: If the wagons you were directed to put on board the vessel
chartered to take Captain Hunter's company to Texas have not been
shipped, you will consider that order as being countermanded, there
being a sufficient number now at Point Isabel. Apprise Captain
Hunter of this.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
To Captain D. ,H. Vinton,
JVew York.
September 26, 1846.
Colonel: Charter the Massachusetts for a Inonth; or if Major
Eastland has entered upon duty, direct him to charter her. I will
write you more fully in a day or two.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
To Lieut. Col. Tiios. F. Hunt,
Jfew Orleans.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 633
September 27, 1846.
Colonel: Four trains of one hundred wagons each must be im-
mediately organized. It is believed there are wagons and harness
sufficient at Brazos San lago; of that, however, you are no doubt
better informed than I am. The mules must be selected, and team-
sters of good character and suitable capacity employed, and cvrry
thing required to keep the trains complete must be provided. The
army, I understand, is impeded for want of sufficient horse-shoes.
I was informed last spring that any number of horse-shoes could be
obtained at the Louisiana penitentiary. Provide at least ten thou-
sand sets of four to a set.
Saddlers' tools, with all the materials for the repair of harness,
should be provided. Wheelwrights' tools, with materials, also
blacksmiths' tools, should be purchased an^l attached to the trains.
Every train should be perfect in itself.
I will write to you further in regard to the trains, and direct
when they shall be despatched.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
To Lieut. Col. Tiios. F. Hunt,
A''ew Orleans.
September 27, 1846.
Sir: Purchase and send by the Mutual Safety to Lieut. Colonel
Hunt, at New Orleans, ten portable blacksmiths' shops. They are
to be had, I understand, in New York. Each must have a complete
set of tools. Send also, by the same vessel, ten thousand horse-
shoes, with a sufficient supply of horse-shoe nails. They must be
supplied without delay.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
To Captain D. H. Vinton,
JYew York.
September 27, 1846.
Colonel: I have received your letter of the 18th. In reply to
the last paragraph, I have to remark that no instructio'ns were
deemed necessary to an officer of your experience. Mules can be
foraged more cheaply at New Orleans than at Brazos San lago, and
should be held in reserve to be sent forward when called for. My-
letter of this morning will have informed you of v/hat is to be done
with the mules you now have. You have never reported the num-
ber of the mules which you have received or purchased, and I sup-
posed, when 1 wrote this morning, that you had at least a thousand
— the papers say you have more. All you have and all y.ou can get
will be needed at the Brazosj but you will hold them s'ubject to
634 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
further orders. Tho^e at Blakely can be shipped thence direct to
the Brazos, when required.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
To Lieut. Col. Thos. F. Hunt,
JYew Orleans.
September 27, 1846.
Colonel: Vou will purchase four hundred mules, and hold then>
in reserve at Jefferson barraci^s. .They should be well broke, and
at least four years old.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
To Lieut. Col. ^Eneas Mackay,
St Louis ^ MissQiiri.
September 27, 1846.
Major: You will purchase from two to four hundred mules, if
you can procure them, and hold them in reserve at Memphis or its
vicinity until further orders. They must be vvell broke, and at least
four years old.
By order:
A. R. HETZEL,
Captai7i and Assistant Quartermaster .
To Major Nathaniel Anderson,
Memphis^ Tennessee.
September 28, 1846.
Sir: You will, as early as practicable, construct sixteen pontons
for lightering vessels across bars, &c., agreeably to the plan and
specifications submitted by you to this office, .apd take them to
New York, where they will be examined and tested by Captain
Vinton, who has instructions on the subject.
TH. S. .TESUP,
Quartermaster General.
To Captain G, W. Taylor,
Charlestoivn, Mass.
September 28, 1846.
Captain: Captain Taylor has been employed to construct six-
teen pontons for lightering vessels across shoals, &c,, agreeably to.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 635
a plan and specifications now on file in this office, copies of which
are herewith enclosed, and deliver them to you at New York.
When received, you will take immediate measures to test their
adaptation to the object for which they were constructed, and
make a full report on the subject to this office.
TH. S. JESUP,
To Captain D. H. Vinton,
. JVew York.
Quartermaster General.
September 28, 1846.
Sir: You will f<l)rward immediately to New Orleans the " boiler
and smoke-pipe" which the Messrs. Reeder have constructed for
the Unite^d States steamer Colonel Harney.
TH. S. JESUP,
To Captain S. B. Dusenbury,
Baltimore.
Quartermaster General.
September 28, 1846.
Sii^: Major General Patterson will call upon you for the means
of transportation, as well as supplies, for a column of about four
thousand men. Whatsoever may be required will be promptly
furnished^ and the transports and trains must be in a condition for
the most efficient service. It is believed that for the land opera-
tions of the column, the means of transportation to be foundin the
country will be amply sufficient; but you must not take this for
granted, but be prepared to supply any trains that maybe required,
if pack mules be preferred and ordered from New Orleans, you
•will furnish them completely equipped for the field.
TH. S. JESUP,
\ ' Quartermaster General.
Lieut. Colonel Thomas F. Hunt,
JVew Orleans.
September 29, 1846.
^'Sir: You v/ill retain the steam propeller " Edith" in the public
service until you hear from me again. If she is not nov/ in service
you will take her into the service of the department.
TH. S. .JESUP,
Quartermaster General,
Lieut. Colonel Thomas F. Hunt,
JVew Orleans.
636 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Sept'ember 30, 1846.
Sir: Your letter of the 27th instant has been received. You
will cause all the iron section boats to be got ready immediately
that you possibly can. I will see you in a few days as regards the
remainder.
, TH. S. JESUP.
Quartermaster General.
To Captain E. Harding,
Pittsburgh Pennsylvania.
§
■ September 30, 1846.
Sir: Enclosed you will receive copies of contracts entered into
for the purchase and transfer to the United States of the steamship
"Massachusetts" and steam barque "Edith." You ,will, observe
that all the cabin furniture, all their tackle and apparel, are to be
turned over, and that the vessels are to be in perfect order. They
must be inspected by competent engineers and ship builders or con-
structors. This matter you can turn over to Major Eastland. When
received, employ, if possible, the masters, engineers, &c., now on.
board. If they cannot be employed, get others good and com-
petent.
TH. S. JESUP, ^'
Quartermaster General.
To Lieut. Colonel Thomas F. Hunt, *
JVew Orleans.
September 30, 1846.
Captain: I have received your letter of the 26th instant. 'Get
the boats off as soon as possible, and then proceed to New Orleans
on temporary duty. I proceed thither by the western route, and
wish you to join me there. Let all that is necessary be done to
render the Mary Summers effipient, and let it be as soon done*ks
possible. *
TH. S. JESUP,
Quarfermaster General.
To Captain Henry C. Wayne,
Savannah^ Georgia.
September 30, 1846.
Sir: It is impossible to obtain information here as to the practi-
cability of the route from San Antonio to Camargo. It is there-
fore impossible to determine whether it would be advisable to take
the mules and horses on the land route, or whether it be necessary
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 637
to take them to La Vaca, or some other port, and ship them to
Brazos San lagt). You must determine the route to be taken on
the best informotion you can obtain, or if Major Thomas and Cap-
tain Cross should be at San Antonio, you will consult them, or
either of them; and unless the route be designated by one of them,
you will (fecide for yourself, on Ihe best information you can obtain,
and proceed to Camargo. With the number of men you will have
with you, there will be no danger, I presume, on the land route.
Colonel Humphrey Marshall, of Kentucky, will probably be
inarching on the same route with a mounted reginaent. If you
should fall in with his command, or follow soon after it, your march
would be rendered entirely safe.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
To Captain S. H. Drum,
"• San Antonio, Texas.
638 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Copies of letters from officers and agents of the quartermasters'*
department to the quartermaster generaPs office^ ^Hn relation to
transportation for General Taylorh army.^^ *
[Extract.]
9 Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Assistant Quartermaster'' s Office^
Corpus Christi^ Texas^ August 26, 1845.
Sir: I have been preparing for organizing an efficient wagon
train, by sending two officers into the interior to purchase oxen, '
delivered at Corpus Christi. We have here but thirty wagons; and
I have not yet been informed what number came through by land
with the dragoons who arrived at Goliad a few days since; b^ut we
shall require for the force now here, in the event of a movement in
the direction of the Rio Del Norte, a train of at least one hundred
wagons; and if forage is to be furnished to the dragoon horses
forty miles in the interior, an increase of fifty more; making, itt
all, one hundred and fifty wagons.
I have been told that oxen are to be found in great numbers in.
western Texas, and for sale at a low price; but the few I have
found it necessary to purchase for depot and camp* service were
bought at rather a high price, say forty or fifty dollars a' pair; and
I fear it will be necessary to pay a similar price for all we require,
if not still more. The large number needed will probably enhance
the price. . •
G. H. CROSMAN,
^ Assistant Quartermaster .
Colonel Henry Stanton,
Assistant Quartermaster General TJ. S. A.
[Extract.]
Corpus Christi, Texas, September 4, 1845.
Sir: The commanding general is desirous to be furnished as soon
as practicable with a ponton equipage complete. It is believed this
equipage can be soonest obtained of the Indian rubber company at
Boston. The impossibility of procuring wood or timber here of
any kind fit for manufacturing tools or machinery of any descrip-
tion, makes it necessary that all the wooden parts, such as the string-
L-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 639
pieces and flooring of the bridge, be forwar'ied with the rest of the
articles.
G. H. CROSMAN,
Assistant Quartermaster.
Colonel H. Stanton,
Assista7it Quartermaster General^ U. S. A.^
Was king ton J D. C.
[The follo\fing are endorsements on the above.]
Quartermaster General's Office,
October 10, 1845.
RcvSpectfully referred to the engineer department, charged by the
regulations (paragraph 858) with the planning and construction of
military bridges.
HENRY STANTON,
Assistant Quarterma^er General.
Engineer Department,
October 10, 1845. •
There are, at present, no funds under the control of this bureau
applicable to the construction of a ponton equipage. Were such
funds available, an engineer officer might at once be charged with
the duty of superintending its construction. As it is a portable
equipage, belonging to the train of an ariuy, and as it is' used as a
means of transpoitation in crossing water courses, it has occurred
to me that the cost of its coustruclion might probably be a legiti-
mate charge against the appropriation for transportation. This,
however, is a question which it is not for me to decide, but it is
respectfully referred to the Secretary of War. I have understood
that a small ponton equipage was used a few years since in Florida.
I do not know from Vvhat appropriation it was constructed, but
think it not unlikely that it v^as constructed from the transporta-
tion fund. Should the Secretary of War decide that it cannot be
constructed from the transportation fund, then I see no means by
W'hioh it can be furnished until a specific appropriation is obtained
from Congress.
GEO. L. WELCKER,
Lieut. Eng.j in charge of department.
Quartermaster General's Office,
October 10, 1845.
Respectfully referred to the Secretaiy of War, with the sugges-
tion that, as there is no appropriation, for either the engineer or
640 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
quartermaster's department applicable to the procurement of the
ponton c'c] .^•. '::,»' required by the general commanding the army of
oceupatioiij which is regarded as highly important and necessary
in the event of active field operations in Texas, the proper depart-
ment be instructed or authorized to contract immediately for the
building, construction or fabrication of the equipage desired, to be
paid for on delivery, or as soon as Congress shall have made the
appropriauon for the purpose; which, it is believed, can be effected
without increased expense or delay.
HENRY STANTON,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
[Extract.]
Corpus Christi, Texasj October 9, 1845.
' Sir: On the 1st instant the steamer White Wing was purchased,,
on account oif the United States, for seven thousand five hundred
dollars, a? provided for in her charter party. The services of this
boat were ]< emed necessary, in addition to those of the Neva, and
she was accordingly, with the approbation of the commanding gen-
eral, bought as above, instead of being longer hired at the rate of
two hundred dollars per day. This purchase was, under the cir-
cumstances, an act of true economy for the public interests.
I am engaged in purchasing mules and horses from the Mexicans
to fill the teams, &c., for the wagons expected from Philadelphia.
A movement towards the Rio del Norte is anticipated, but not yet
determined upon by the commanding general; and no preparations
for the organization of wagon trains, of suflScient capacity for the
wants of this army in such an event, are ordered or in course of
being got ready.
G. H. CROSMAN,
Assistant Quartermaster.
Colonel H. Stanton,
Assistant Quartermaster General U. S. A.
Matamoras, July 16, 1846.
Sir: I enclose, herewith, a triplicate of a contract made with
Edmund F. Newell, agent for the owners, for the hire of the
steamboats "Panola" and "Enterprise;". together with all the of-
ficial correspondence in my possession relative to the employment
of these boats at New Orleans by direction of the commanding
general.
G. H. CROSMAN,
Assistant Quartermaster .
Major General T. S, Jesup,
Quartermaster Gmeral^ If. S. A.j
Washingtonj D, C,
€x. Doc. No. 60. 641
Camp in Matamoras, May 26, 1846.
Sir: I am directed by the commanding general to request that
you will do him the favor to aid him in procuring for the public
service here two or three good steamboats, adapted to the navi-
gation of the Rio Grande.
The kind of boats required are short, strong freight boats, with
double engines, and very light draught of water, drawing, when
loaded, not more than about thirty inches, or so as to run full
freight in three feet water.
Two such boats certainly, and probably three of them, will, if
despatched here immediately, be insured employment at a fair and
reasonable compensation. And I am authorised by the commanding
general further to say, that, in . the event of an amicable adjust-
ment of the existing difficulties with Mexico, so as to render it un-
necessary to employ the boats after their arrival here, the United
States will remunerate the owners for any loss or expense they may
incur in coming here, for the purpose above stated.
G. H. CROSMAN,
Assistant Quartermaster.
Colonel John Winthrop,
Aid-de-camp to his excellency the governor of Louisiana.
Matamoras, June 27, 1846,
Sir: Your letter addressed to Major General Taylor, dated 9th
instant, was received by him yesterday, and he has referred it to
me, with instructions to lose no time in answering it, and to say
that the two boa^s already engaged by you, viz: the Panola and
Enterprise, will be sufficient for the present, with those now here.
He desires, therefore, that the third boat mentioned in your letter
be not engaged.
The general thinks the rates at which you chartered the two
boats above referred to are rather high; but instructs me to say
that, under the circumstances, they are, of course, sanctioned by
him. I trust these boats will soon arrive, for we are much in need
of their services at this moment.
G. H. CROSMAN,
.Assistant Quartermaster.
John Winthrop, Esq.,
JVew Orleans^ Louisiana.
Camargo, July 23j 1846.
Sir: I enclose, herewith, a triplicate of the contract made this
day with Peter Dowd, for the hire of pack mules for the use of
the army.
G. H. CROSMAN,
Assistant Quartermaster.
Major General Thomas S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General U. S. A.,
Washington J D. C.
41
642 Ex Doc. No. 60.^
Washington, September 10, 1845.
Colonel: I am satisfied, from the best information I can gather,
that the means of land transportation, thus far provided for the
army of occupation, is inadequate to enable the army to take the
field.
It appears from Captain Crosman's report of the 26th ultimo,
that he had then with the troops at Corpus Christi only thirty
wagons. The number attached to the dragoons then at Goliad is esti-
mated at not exceeding fifty — making, in all, but eighty wagons
with the army. On the 15th of August, thirty were shipped from
Philadelphia to New Orleans; and, supposing these may have ar-
rived safely at that place, and could soon be forwarded to Corpus
Christi, they may be added to the eighty already there; making,
in all, one hundred and ten wagons that may be considered avail-
able by the 1st of October, or thereabouts. The twenty just fin-
ished at Philadelphia, but not yet shipped, when they reach their
destination, will raise the total to one hundred and thirty, which is
ten short of what Captain Crosman estimated as necessary, in his
report of the 26th of August, for the force in Texas at that time,
and the reinforcement then expected. But since that time, addi-
tional reinforcements, equal to twelve companies of artillery, have
been ordered, and are now on the way. The fifty wagons you or-
dered on the 4th instant from Cincinnati cannot be counted upon
at Corpus Christi before the 1st to the 10th of November; but,
even when they shall have arrived, the number will, in my opinion,
be still deficient.
There are 76 companies of regulars in, and on the way
to, Texas. These, for baggage alone, will re-
quire 76 wagons.
Add for field and staff 8 "
General head-quarters, say 6 "
Total baggage train 90 '^
If the army take the field and advance to the Rio
Grande, a line of operations one hundred miles in
length will be established, on which all the sup-
plies of the army must be transported.
This, considering the number of dragoons and the
horse artillery to be maintained, will, in my opin-
ion, require a supply train of at least 175 "
Making in all 265 «
The number already provided, and in progress, as
above, is 180 "
Leaving to be provided 85 "
I would respectfully urge that orders be immediately given for
the preparation of this number, with harness complete for four
horses each.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 643
As to the irregular force that may be called out, I have no infor-
mation, and can therefore make no estimate for them.
I have said nothing here about horses for the train, supposing
that either horses, mules, or oxen may be purchased in Texas, or ob-
tained from New Orleans Avithout much delay. Nor do I feel war-
ranted in making any suggestion for the purchase of train horses,
without conferring with General Taylor.
T. CROSS,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
Colonel Henry Stanton,
Washington .
Washington, September 10, 1845.
Colonel: In keeping up our trains in Texas, it will be indis-
pensable to have the means of repairing our wagons as they become
injured; and, with that view, I would suggest that we should be
provided, as early as practicable, with at least three good wheel-
wrights and three blacksmiths, together with a supply of seasoned
spokes, fellies, and hounds in the rough state^— say 1,000 spokes of
each kind, 500 fellies, 50 pair hounds, and 50 tongues. It would
be advisable, also, to send out from Philadelphia, at the same
time, a complete set of smiths' and wheelwrights' tools, as it may
be difficult to procure them in New Orleans.
T. CROSS,
Assistant Quarterm,aster General.
Colonel Henry Stanton,
Washinizton.
Corpus Christi, October 10, 1845.
Sir: I have to report my arrival here last evening, and that I
shall enter on duty to-morrow.
I shall have no time, before the sailing of the Alabama, to ac-
quaint myself fully with the state of the affairs of the department,
and therefore cannot enter into any details. I may say, however,
on the information obtained, that there is much to be done before
an adequate train can be formed to enable the army to move to the
Rio Grande, should anything occur to make that necessary.
I have ordrred Lieutenant Colonel -Hunt to push forward to this
place all the wagons ordered from Cincinnati and Philadelphia, so
soon as they a) rive at New Orleans; and we are gathering animals
— horses, mules, and oxen — from the surrounding country.
T. CROSS,
♦ Assistant Quartermaster General.
Colonel Henry Stanton,
Washington.
644 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
[Extract.]
Camp at Corpus Christi,
^ , October 15, 1845.
Sir: The steamer "Monmouth" being deemed unseaworthy, I
have, with the sanction of the commanding general, ordered her to
New Orleans for repairs. She has suffered much, since she was
purchased, by the operation of unloading vessels at sea; frequently,
in rough weather, exposing her to heavy jars while lying along-
side of ships.
Before I arrived, or any intelligence was received of the arrange-
ment to bring out the " Colonel Long," a small boat called the
*' White Wing" was purchased by Captain Crosman, under the
orders of General Taylor, to assist the " Neva" in bringing for-
ward the troops and supplies from Saint Joseph's. I cannot say
at present whether we shall be able to dispense with one of our
small boats. The Colonel Long has not yet arrived.
The means of land transportation nowhere consist of 92 wagons,
259 mules, 75 horses, and 226 oxen, which would barely make up
a complement for the baggage of the army, leaving nothing for a
• supply train. The requisite number of wagons are on the way
here, and I am making arrangements to collect additional ani-
mals; but the number is so large that I fear we shall have some
difficulty in obtaining what we want.
T. CROSS,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
Colonel Henry Stanton,
Washington .
[Extract.]
Camp at Corpus Christi,
JYovember 3, 1845.
Sir: I have the honor to inform you that the steamer " Colonel
Long" arrived here on the 26th ultimo, and is now employed be-
tween this place and the St. Joseph's depot.
I have laid up the " White Wing," and discharged her crew,
after filling up some vacancies in that of the " Neva." If she
were at New Orleans I wopld order her to be sold; but I was
obliged to withdraw the engineer and some of the hands, who
could not be replaced here, and it is doubtful whether she could
reach that place at this season, even if her crew were complete.
She will therefore remain where she is for the present.
T. CROSS,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
The Quartermaster General,
Washington .
•»
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 645
Camp at Corpus Christi,
JVovemher 13, 1845.
Sir: The commanding general of this army has made strong
representations to the government of the necessity for a despatch
boat, to keep up a regular communication with New Orleans.
I do not know that any thing that I can say will add to the force
of his representations; but I should not stand excused in my own
judgment if I did not urge upon the department the immediate
establishment of such a communication, as necessary to insure the
maintenance of the army. For want of it, we are now dependent
upon the slow and very precarious means furnished by the ordinary
supply vessels for the transmission of requisitions, and all other
communications, however important; and we have no assurance
when the most urgent calls for the mrst vital supplies will reach
their destination, committed as they are to the hands of men who
cannot be made to appreciate the importance of such matters, and
some of whom will not trouble themselves on the subject. '
In some instances my requisitions on New Orleans have been from
sixteen to eighteen days reaching their destination, by what are
called the "active schooners," while a good steamer would go and
return in about eight days, bringing bark with her the supplies re-
quired, which it might be of vital importance to the army to
receive thus early; and on the passage hither with supplies,
some of these same vessels have been as much as twenty-three
days in coming from New Orleans to Aransas bay. It is not, how-
ever, for the transportation of the heavy articles that I would re-
sort to a steamer. The primary object would be to keep up a regu-
lar communication, and to bring out promptly the various light
storres constantly required, and which no forecast can provide in
season with our present means.
If the "Monmouth" were a good sea boat I would not hesitate,
in the face of all that has been said about the employment of
steamers, to purchase the "Augusta" for a lighter at St. Joseph's
island, and make the former a despatch boat to New Orleans, after
she returns hither; but she is not well adapted to that service, and
will therefore have to be retained as a lighter, for which she an-
swers well enough.
We are here with four thousand men and some eighteen hundred
animals, six hundred miles in advance of the nearest source of
supply, from which even the smallest articles must be drawn, and
I submit \vhether we should be left dependent upon a communica-
tion so precarious as that we are now obliged to rely on. In view
of the responsibility that might otherwise attach to my position, I
repeat that it involves even the maintenance of the army.
T. CROSS,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
The Quartermaster General,
Washington. »
646 Ex. Doc No. 60.
[Extract.] ' ""
Camp at Corpus Christi,
JYqv ember 21, 1845.
Sir: On the 16th ult;iiiio Captain Ketchum was sent to the country
bordering on the Brazos and Colorado to purchase three hundred
oxen, but he has not yet returned. From a report received by an
express a few days since, however, I am in expectation of his arrival
within a week from this time.
A failure to procure mules and horses in this country to the ex-
tent anticipated has made it necessary to rely much upon oxen,
which involves the necessity of altering a large number of the horse
wagons sent out. That operation is now in progress, after sending
sixty miles by land for poles to make tongues suited for the pur-
pose of effecting the alteration. I will add in this connexion, as a
specimen of the facility of procuring supplies from New Orleans,
(the nearest point at which a gimlet can be bought,) that out of
fifty ox-wagons, called for on the 31st of August, only fourteen have
yet been received, though I have advices that the others would
soon be finished and shipped. I make no complaint, however, on
the subject, as Lieutenant Colonel Hunt informs me he was com-
pelled to have them made after the requisition was received.
For a short time, mules, though of an inferior quality, came in
quite briskly from the Mexican frontier beyond the Rio Grande;
but of late the trade has been checked, and I have serious fears
that we shall not succeed, within any reasonable time, in obtaining
"what we want from that quarter.
T. CROSS,
Colonel and Assista7it Quartermaster General,
The Quartermaster General,
Washington.
Camp at Corpus Christi,
JYovember 23, 1845.
Sir: Among the many defects in our system, none is more evi-
dent to me than the want of an organized wagon train^ and the de-
ficiency is quite as apparent in what may be called the personnel
as in the materiel of such an establishment.
It would undoubtedly be of great advantage to have in constant
readiness for service a train of three or four hundred wagons, all
made by an established pattern, and with the precise uniformity of
a gun carriage, where the parts of one would fit another so per-
fectly that one complete wagon might be readily made out of two
or three crippled ones; but no less advantage I conceive would re-
sult from having an efficient corps of enlisted train drivers, ready
for service at all times when the army goes into the field. If any
doubt should be entertained on those points, a review of the events
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 647
of the last few months ought, I think, to bring conviction to the
minds of the most skeptical. ,
An army of several thousand men has hastened hither from re-
mote points in August and September, under the most exciting cir-
cumstances, and landed upon a desert coast, for active operations,
without bringing with them, for the most part, any means of field
transportation whatever. Three thousand out of the four were
sent here wholly destitute, and the residue were but partially pro-
vided; nor had the government any means in readiness to send. It
is known to you that the wagons had to be made in haste, in Phila-
delpiha and Cincinnati — I may almost say taken from the stump
after the troops were ordered to the field; and the consequence is,
that down to the present date a sufficient number has not arrived
here to enable the army to move with its necessary supplies, even
if the other essential elements of a field train were at hand. Hap-
pily, however, the commanding general has not desired to move,
though *he knows not how soon the contingency may occur that
would call the army to the Rio Grande.
But, besides the gathering of the requisite number of animals,
amounting to at least twelve hundred, which, if not drawn by
stealth from Mexico, with whom we- were supposed to be in con-
flict, must be obtained from some other quarter more remote — for
mules are not to be got in Texas — a corps of three hundred drivers
were to be collected and organized in a country where, advanced
as we are beyond the meagr^ frontier settlements, a common la-
borer can scarcely be obtained at any price.
Now, I know not how all this may be regarded by others, but I
consider it by far a more difficult operation than raising a regi-
ment; yet it would seem that it is expected to be accomplished in
the brief space of a few weeks, and in the midst of manifold la-
bors connected with the procurement and issue of all kinds of sup-
plies for the most improvident army in the world, which has come
to the field without even an adequate supply of spades, axes, and
camp kettles.
But even when all these means, so difficult to obtain, shall have
been collected from abroad and brought to the scene of action, the
army may still be paralyzed at the most critical moment u;ider the
present system; for its movements depend upon the train, and that is
dependant upon the caprice of a corps of hired drivers, who may
quit us at their pleasure, or extort their own price by a general
strike for higher wages, as has already happened at the beginning
of the present month with every driver in this camp, where, being
entirely without any other resource here, we were compelled to
submit to their terras.
It must be evident to all that such a system, if it deserve the
name, cannot succeed. On the contrary, it must inevitably fail
whenever it is tried, if any thing like promptness is necessary to
effect the object in view. I repeat, then, that among the most
needful provisions for the service are an organized wagon train,
and a corps of enlisted drivers. Without these, an army sent into
the field can never go prepared for active operations. It must in-
648 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
cur ruinous delays, and cannot fail to be embarrassed in all its
movements.
I do not make these suggestions with any expectation that they
will lead to a speedy change; much less with an idea that any
thing will be done at this stage 'of affairs to aid our preparations on
the present occasion. For our wants here, we must provide now
as well as we can. But if this system of non-preparation in such
essential means is to be continued, I desire to relieve myself from
any reponsibility that might attach from an apparent acquiescence
in it. And I will add that my sole motive is the public good; for
it is not at all likely that I shall ever again be personally charged
with duties that would be facilitated by the improvements here
suggested.
Respectfully, I am, sir, your obedient servant,
T. CROSS,
Colonel and Assistant Quartermaster General.
To the Quartermaster General. •
Camp at Corpus Christi,
December 17, 1845.
Sir: The steamer Cincinnati, which arrived below yesterday
from New Orleans, on private account, brought me your letter of
the 1st instant, in which you apprize me that you had, a few days
prior to its date, renewed your order (the first having been counter-
manded) for the construction at Philadelphia of the residue of the
wagons called for by my requisition of the 10th of September last,
(and^ve in addition,) as means of field transportation for this army;
and you desire me, at the same time, in case I should deem the
number insufficient, to give you early advice, in order that direc-
tions may be given for the construction of a further supply.
In reply to this, I beg to observe that with the very dim lights I
have, as to the plan of operations contemplated, and the probabil-
ity of any in this quarter, I can make no further requisition for
field transportation, especially for wagons, which it seems are to
be built at the north and sent hither by a double sea voyage, and
which can scarcely be received short of four months from the pre-
sent date. If the competent authority at Washington, with the
means at hand of judging what our relations will probably be at
that time, and of the prospect of active operations on this frontier,
could see no cause for increasing my original estimate beyond
what you inform me were added by yourself, I am bound to pre-
sume that the whole number of wagons in course of preparation
will prove sufficient for our wants.
T. CROSS,
Colonel and Assistant Quartermaster General.
Colonel Henry Stanton,
Washington.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 649
[Extract.]
Camp at Corpus Christi,
January 16, 1846.
Sir: There are at this date ninety-five mule wagons and thirty-
one 6-ox teams in charge of the several regiments, for the purpose
of hauling in wood, and the grass for the train animals thus em-
ployed. Besides these, there are at least forty more employed at
the depot in the same operation; that is, in getting wood for gen-
eral purposes^ not immediately connected with the regiments, and
grass for the animals in the yard.
I succeeded in getting three hundred oxen from the interior of
Texas, and there are now five hundred and ninety-two with the
army, of which two hundred and forty are daily at work; the re-
mainder grazing in the vicinity. Those that w^ork are allowed one
gallon of corn per day.
What we most feel the want of here is drivers. They are hot to
be picked up to the extent we require them; and those imported
from New Orleans are any thing but what they profess to be. Af-
ter incurring the expense of bringing them out, they are generally
found incompetent, and are either discharged or leave of their
own accord, without having rendered any service worth naming.
Such is a necessary consequence, however, of the system.
I shall soon have a very respectable mule train, at least in num-
ber, and obtained on very good terms; but they should have time
and moderate work to break them in, and season them.
T. CROSS,
Colonel and Assistant Quartermaster General.
Major General Th. S. Jesup,
Washington.
[Extract.
Camp at Corpus Christi,
February 16, 1846.
Sir: I receift^ed a few days since your letter of the 13th ultimo,
forwarded by way of Galveston, apprizing me that an order had
been issued for the advance of the army to the Rio Grande. The
original of General Taylor's instructions came by the same convey-
ance; but he had previously received the duplicate through another
channel.
The movement will not take place until towards the 1st of
March, but the army will not be delayed for w^ant of transporta-
tion, and this I desire to be distinctly understood. Notwithstand-
ing the full number of wagons called for by my requisition, as far
back as September last, has not yet arrived, I shall still be able to
muster a train of near three hundred — one for every ten marching
men in the army, for it vf'iW not exceed 3,000.
One hundred and ten wagons have already been assigned for
650 Ex, Doc. No. 60.
baggage and the hospital department of the several corps, leaving
one hundred and ninety for a supply train. This the general ad-
mits is sufficient; and it would seem to be abundantly so, regarding
the limited force. I hope, however^ before we march, to be en-
abled to increase the latter by the addition of the twenty wagons
daily expected.
There has not been much activity heretofore in the way of re-
connoissances, though the means of making them have been ample;
six officers of the two corps of engineers havingbeen with the army
since October. The road towards Matamoras was examined, in a
dry season, sixty miles out, and the Laguna del Madre about the
same distance; and these are all the reconnoissances that have
been made to the front. An experimental train was despatched a
week ago still further on the Matamoras road, to test its practica-
bility in wet weather, and a party is engaged exploring Padre
island. When they return I will acquaint you with the results,
and send you a copy of the report on the survey of the Laguna.
I deem it in place here to say that, with respect to the means of
transportation to be provided, or other preparations in my branch
of the service, I have never received a line of instructions or any
order whatever from General Taylor.
T. CROSS,
If .Colonel and Assistant Quartermaster General.
, Major General Th. S. Jesup,
Washington.
[Extract,]
Camp at Corpus Christi,
February 17, 1846.
Sir: I beg leave to observe that you greatly overrate the force
of the department under my command here, if you think I can
spare officers to make extensive surveys, however important and
desirable they may be. The absence of Captain Hill since the
middle of November, in search of lumber, and the resignation of
Captain Ketchum, have left me without an adequate number of
officers to carry on the duties of the depots, and at the same time
the organization of the trains, formed, as they have been, from the
crudest materials: one thousand wild mules, drawn by stealth from
Mexico, (for the trade is contraband;) six hundred half-broke oxen
from the interior of Texas, and drivers from all parts of the civil-
ized world.
T. CROSS,
Colonel and Assistant Quartermaster General.
Major General Th. S. Jesup,
Washington.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 651
Camp at Corpus Christi,
February 25, 1846.
Sir: I have just received your letter of the 6th instant, which
was sent out from New Orleans by one of the Galveston steamers.
In regard to the horses on hand with the army, about which you
express anxiety to be informed, I can do no more, in the midst of
the preparations for the march to the Rio Grande, than send you
the enclosed lists of property in the depot at this place and at St.
Joseph's island, whither we are daily transferring^ such articles as
are to be sent round by water to the Brazos de Santiago. Those
lists comprehend every thing of any consequence except the traiuj
which may be rated at 300 wago.is, 1,100 effective mules and horses,
and about 500 work oxen.
T. CROSS,
Colonel and Assistant Quartermaster General.
Major General Th. S. Jesup,
Washington.
Camp on the Rio Grande,
jYear Matamorasj April 4, 1846.
Sir: I deem it necessary, in the march of the army to the Rio
Grande, to have an officer of the department with< each brigade;
and as Major Thomas was charged with the important duty of con-
ducting the fleet of transports to the Brazos de Santiago, and it
was impossible to disengage Major McRee from the depot at Cor-
pus Christi in season for the march, I was obliged to withdraw Cap-
tain Myers from the command at Sati Antonio de Bexar, Captain
Ogden being necessarily left for a time at St. Joseph's island, until
all the supplies can be withdrawn from that place.
I accordingly assigned Captain Myers to the command of Colo-
nel Twiggs, consisting, as I have heretofore stated, of the dragoons
and Major Ringgold's battery of horse artillery; Captain Sibley to
the 1st brigade; Captain Hill to the 2d brigade; and Captain
Crosman, whose connexion with the general train rendered it im-
practicable to detach him sooner, to the 3d brigade, which brought
up the rear.
The army, which commenced its march very unnecessarily by
detachments, concentrated after it crossed the little Colorado river,
and has since moved in a body. The Colorado was the only seri-
ous obstacle encountered on the march, and this was passed by the
train without any loss or accident worth naming. The road, about
which the army remained for months in doubt until the experimen-
tal train sent out. at my instance under Captain Sibley returned,
was found perfectly practicable — indeed good, with the exception
of about ten miles of miry prairie. We were, however, greatly
favored by the weather.
The entire train, consisted of 307 wagons, of which number 84
were drawn by ox teams. The whole were brought through with
652 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
but few losses or casualties on the way; a fact highly creditable to
the officers of the department in charge of them, considering the
distance, which, by way of Point Isabel, is ascertained to be 188
miles, according to a measuring machine that accompanied one of
the columns.
We left at Corpus Christi some surplus wagons and a number of
broken down oxen. I ordered them sent down to St. Joseph's
island to recruit the animals, and directed three of i the muleteers
to be transferred to the San Antonio train to strengthen it, so as to
enable it to haul the supplies for that post in future.
T. CROSS,
Colonel and Assistant Quartermaster General.
Major General Th. S. Jesup,
Washington.
[Extract.]
Camp at Corpus Christi, March &, 1846.
Nineteen hundred horses and mules and five hundred oxen will
move with the army — almost one quadruped for each man.
T. CROSS,
Colonel and Assistant Quartermaster General.
Lieutenant Colonel Th. F. Hunt,
J^ew Orleans.
Deputy Quartermaster General's Office,
JVew Orleans, May 23, 1846.
General: Major Thomas, quartermaster, in a letter to me, dated
Point Isabel, l8th instant, says: " So many troops arriving, I fear
I shall not have sufficient land transportation, and therefore request
that you send fifty mule-wagons and twenty ox-wagons complete,
with harness, yokes," &c. I have made a bargain for having the
twenty ox-wagons constructed here in two weeks, with bows, yokes,
&c., and shall get ten or twelve horse or mule-wagons. The de-
mand for this means of transportation, including horses and mules,
will, if the regiments or battalions authorized by Major General
Gaines be raised — as I have no doubt they will, unless otherwise
directed from Washington — be immense; much greater than can be
complied with in this section of country, except, perhaps, in regard
to the animals; and I beg that at least two hundred (200) wagons,
with covers, harness, &c., complete, be ordered frt>m Philadelphia,
or some other place at the north, in the earliest possible time. The
harness, including collars and hames, should be of small size, for
mules: to alter, when that can be done, takes up a great deal of
time, and the work may riot be well done.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 653
Should I be compelled to provide transportation by land for
mounted troops, I will use my utmost exertions to do it to the satis-
faction of all concerned; butmoney must be had, and a large amount
of it too. Much time, I know, must be consumed in getting wagons,
&c., from the north; and there should be several officers of the de-
partment placed subject to my orders, to accompany commands that
may move by land, or I shall be forced to resort to hired agents —
a course to be avoided if possible.
I enclose herewith a copy of each of two letters from Major
Thomas, dated 18th instant, and a copy of one of the 19th instant.
I am endeavoring to procure such a steamboat as he speaks of in
one of the letters of the 18th; and, if I succeed, I will have her
coppered and despatched. The coppering will occupy but a short
time.
In the list of articles accompanying the other letter of the 18th
are embraced scows and skiff-built boats, and sundry other things —
harness, &c. Camp equipage, canteens, knapsacks, &c., I have
already written in regard to. It is with difficulty that I can have
articles of this kind made for immediate issue to troops beino- mus-
tered into service here. I hope the run upon me will be diminished
in a short time, and then I can have some made, and will send
them to Point Isabel.
THO. F. HUNT,
Lieut. Col. and Deputy Quartermaster General,
Maj. Gen. Thomas S. Jesup, Washington.
[Enclosure referred to in the above.]
Quartermaster's Department,
Army of Occupation^ Fort Polk, May 18. 1846.
Sir: The " Colonel Long," as I have previously notified you,
has entirely given out, and I fear the "Neva" will soon become un-
serviceable from the same cause — worms. The commanding gen-
eral has directed me to procure one or two good river boats for
service on the Rio Grande, of which river we now have possession.
We do not require a very light draught boat, as the bar at the Rio
affords a good passage lor boats drawing four to four and a half
feet.
if In obedience, therefore, to the orders of the commanding general,
I request that you will purchase and send out, with the least possi-
ble delay, a good substantial river boat, from 125 to 135 feet in
length, double engine, (for the river is crooked and narrow,) that
will not draw over four and a half feet with a full load. She should
be coppered, as we may have to keep her in talt water; and, should
this be the case, a few months would use her up.
CHAS. THOMAS,
Major and Quartermaster.
Lieut. Col. T. F. Hunt,
JVeio Orleans.
654 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
New Orleans, June 4, 1846.
General: I have the honor to enclose herewith a copy of each
of eio-ht letters which I received last ni^ht, by the steamship
Alabama, from Major Thomas, dated Fort Polk, May 31. I need
not, I think, make comment on their contents. I would say that
this is the first information I have had of the great and pressing
demand for so many steamboats. Major Thomas wrote to me for
07^e, ard I have for several days done my best to procure such a one
as I think suitable, without success. Captain Sanders, of engineers,
called on me today and showed me General Taylor's instructions
to him, dated 28th, and which he allowed me to copy, and from
which is a copy herewith. Colonel Winthrop, who is spoken of,
is one of the aids of Governor Johnson, of this State. What the
general's instructions or authority to him is, I am not aware, not
having seen him.
One or two boats may be procured here, but not precisely such
as we ought to have, and Captain Sanders will go up the river to-
morrow with authority from me to procure two or three; and he
thinks he may get one from Colonel Long, of topographical en-
gineers. He will, I understand, write to Washington by the mail
that carries this.
THO. F. HUNT,
Lieut. Col. and Deputy Quartermaster General.
Maj. Gen. Th. S. Jesup, Washington.
[Enclosure referred to in the above.]
[Extract.]
Army of Occupation,
Fort Polk, May 31, 1846.
Sir: I herewith enclose a copy of a letter received from the as-
sistant adjutant general of the army, directing me to procure suit-
able boats for the service of the Rio Grande. This was written
when neither he nor the general knew much about the depth of
water in that river, and at the time I was making an examination
of it. The boats I have written for are such as required, and as
light as can be navigated with safety to this place.
I understand, incidentally, that Colonel Winthrop is charged with
plenary powers to hire boats for this service by Captain Crosman,
now at head-quarters; and further, that Captain John Sanders is
also charo-ed with a special mission on the subject, the nature of
which I do not know. In respect to these missions, you, of course,
will act as you deem advisable. If such boats as I require (know-
ing the river as I do) are sent, I am responsible: if others' views
are attended to, I have nothing to do with it, and of course cannot
be held responsible in any way.
CHARLES THOMAS,
Major and Quartermaster.
Lieut, Col. Th. F. Hunt, JVew Orleans.
Ex. Doc. No.60. 655
Head-quarterSj Army of Occupation,
Matamoras, May 24, 1846.
Sir: The commanfling general directs me again to call your at-
tention to the necessity of immediate measures for procuring suit-
able boats for the navigation of this river, as the Neva cannot be
depended upon for any length of time. Three boats will be re-
quired, to draw at most not more than two and a half feet of water
when loaded; and the general desires that they be procured with-
out delay.
The army can do nothing of importance until such boats are
procured, and the expense of purchasing them is a small item com-
pared with the loss of time in our operations.
The Neva arrived to-day, and without material difficulty, but
leaking badly, as I understand.
Major Thomas, Fori Polk.
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Fort Polk, May 31, 1846.
Sir: The steamer Neva, after running three or four days in the
Rio Grande, struck a log, and, being so completely worm eaten,
it knocked a hole in her bottom. She has been kept afloat, but
will be of no further service until thoroughly repaired, and which
cannot be done without sending her to New Orleans.
I wrote you on the 18th to purchase and send a steamer out to
this place for service on the Rio Grande, by order of General Tay-
lor; and fearing that the Neva would give out, to look out for a
second one if it should be wanted. This, at the time, I thought
would be sufficient; but as the number of troops is incrensing daily,
I now, by the direction of the commanding general, request that
you purchase four good river boats; two to be of the class descri-
bed in my letter of the I8th ultimo, and two of still lighter drauf^ht
— say not more than three feet when loaded. Two of the boats
should be coppered, if possible; but no great detention should be
allowed to effect this, although very desirable, as they will have to
be used a good deal in the Brazos bay.
I have been up the Rio Grande with the Cincinnati, drawing four
and a half feet, and got up within fifteen or twenty miles of Mata-
moras; and believe I could have got all the way up but feared she
might not be able to get back.
The river is now at a low stage; and from all the information I
can gather, there is never less water than at present in the channel.
The Neva went up, drawing nearly four feet, without any difficulty.
Last year the Augusta went up at this time drawing six. So let
two of the boats draw not more than three feet with a full loadj
and the other two not over four feet, if possible. They should be
good and substantial, and in first rate order and condition. I pray
you to lose no time in sending these boats out, as time is important.
656 -Ex. Doc. No. 60.
They should be purchased, if possible, in New Orleans, and sent
out without a viomenfs delay, as the general is waiting their arrival
for further operations.
CHAS. THOMAS,
Major and Quartermaster.
Lieut. Col. Th. F. Hunt, JS'ew Orleans.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Matamoras, May 28, 1846.
Sir: With a view to expedite the procuring of small steamboats
for the navigation of the Rio Grande, which is indispensable to fu-
ture operations, the commanding general directs that you proceed
without delay to New Orleans, and there assist Lieutenant Colonel
Hunt in procuring boats of the proper draught and description.
Four boats will be required, and you may give assurances that
they will receive employment at good prices in transporting mili-
tary stores on the river. Should any change in the condition of
affairs render it necessary to discharge them at an earlier period than
is now contemplated, you will assure the proprietors that they shall
be remunerated for the time so lost.
In executing this service, you will please communicate with
Lieutenant Colonel Hunt, to whom you will show this letter of in-
structions, and also with Colonel Winthrop, who has promised his
aid in the matter.
The proper draught of the boats, and the description best adapted
to the purpose, you have already learned from the commanding
'general.
After the completion of this service you will please return to
head quarters.
If the requisite number, or indeed the proper kind of boats can-
not be procured at once in New Orleans, you will proceed up the
Mississippi and Ohio rivers until you fully accomplish the object
of your mission.
The commanding general deems it preferable to make arrange-
ments for compensating the boats by giving the owners assurances
of their receiving liberal prices for freight; but the boats must be
procured, if they have either to be bought or chartered.
As expedition is essential in this business, arrangements must be
made to have at least the first boat you engage or procure towed
round the coast by some good sea boat of sufficient power to pre-
vent any unnecessary detention or delay.
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Jidjutant General.
Captain John. Sanders, of Engineers, Matamoras.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 657
[Extract.]
New Ohleans, June 11, 1846.
General : I am, as you are aware, under requisition for tiie pur-
chase of light draught steamboats for the Rio Grande. It is very
difficult to procure such boats as have been described. I have pur-
chased the steamer Undine for $13,000, and have her now in dock
to be coppered, and intended to run between Brazos and Santiago
and the mouth of the Rio Grande, &c. I have bought another, the
Troy, (as small and as light a draught as I can get now,) for $6,009.
I expect to buy one or two more, if I can get them. One I have
engaged, (now above the raft of Red rirer,) expected to be here in
a week, for $5,000. I authorized, on the 5th instant, Captain San-
der?, of the corps of engineers, to procure two boats up the river*
Herev^'ith is a copv of my letter to him.
TH. F. HUNT,
Lieut. Colonel and Deputy Quartermaster General,
Major General Th. S, Jesup, Washington.
[Enc-losurc referred to in preceding letter.]
New Orleans, June 5, 1846.
Sir : In carrying out the views of Major General Taylor, com-
manding army of occupation, in regard to steamboats, I desire you
will procure two boats of such description as you are aware are
necessary and proper, besides the one that you may get from Col.
Long, should you succeed in doing so. I need not impress upon
you the great importance of -having strong, sound, and good boats,
in every particular. I would suggest that you may be successful
at St. Louis, should you have doubts of succeeding on the Ohio. I
think I may procure two or three here in a short time, as I am told
some are expected to arrive. I am fearful the Panola will not an-
swer • I think I can procure a better. Frederick went to the lake
this morninp" to look at the Undine, but she was absent j she is an
excellent boat, if her draught of water will suit. Another on the
other side of the river (the Reliance) is well spoken of She will
be looked at this morning.
I think it better for the public interest that the boats should be
owned by the public ; and in procuring those that you are author-
ized to get, I wish you to purchase them deliverable to me here —
subject, of course, to inspection, in order to verify their condition
-with" that in which they were vrhen contracted for by you. The
object is to avoid on our part, as far as practicable, the risk of get-
tinf'- them down. If found as good as v/hen purchased by you, and
every thing be in accordance with the bargain made by you — which
please have stated in v/riting, and the conveyance nokade by the
owner or owners, or properly authorized agents — I will pay for
them here.
42
658
Ex. Doc. No. GO.
I do not know that it is iiecessary to say more. Please act f'
the best and at your dis^rttion in other respects. I shall comnr
nicate with the qijarteiiuasier general, and itll him you wrote •.
the ^va, .Upartm^nt. ,^^^ ^, ^^^^^
JAcnt. Cul. and Deputy Quartermaster General.
Captain John Sanj>khs,
A''tw Orleans.
fc»
Allli HENY AksknaLj Juuc 5, 1846
Sir: 1 hav i« reived yours of the 28th ultimo, ordering 20,(
horse-shofs and 20,Uv)0 mule-sliocs, which I have bargained for
the following r;»ics, viz:
Horse-shoes, JjilOO per M.
Mule-shoes, $93] per M.
The nails will cost from 19 cents to 20 cents per pound, and t:
whole will be reatly for shipauiit in one month from this da'
These prices will not embrace the boxing, cost of inspection, i'
K. HARDING,
.Acting Jissistnnt Quartermaster.
To General Tn. S. Jkslt,
]Vaskingtoji city.
[Extract.]
ALLEtJiiENv Arsenal, June 7, li^G.
Sir: I have your two letters of the 2d instant, and enclose her
Avith a proposal from one of the largest e^tablisbments in the we-
em country to make the wagons required for your department.
The individual to whom you refer in Butler county as wishing
furnish wagons, has not been heard from on that subject; and r
garding all other bids but Mr. Townscnd's as uncertain, I am d
posed to close with him, but not without submitting the thiiii, !
further instructions.
It appears that the gum hub is not used in ihis quarter in cc
structing wagons, the oak being preferable; and if you insist •
having the gum, it must be applied in a green state. In maki
gun-carriages, we use nothing but oak or walnut for hubs, the jji
being- entirely cat of fashion. I think it will be found that the o.
makes the strongest and best job of work of the two.
E. HARDING,
Acting Assistant Quartermaster.
To General Tii. S. Jesit,
Washington city.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 659
Aleegheny Ausenal, Jum 25, 1846,
Sir: I have your wagons and harness under way, but I fear they
all will not be furnished by the time t<tipulated. I had to extend
this to the 1st xVugust, in consequence of the delay in writing you
on the subject of hubs.
If the time should be extended to the Ist of September, the whole
would be completed, and on this point I should be pleased to have
your views. The boat contractors have gone vigorously to work,
and with every prospect of success.
E. HARDING,
Acting Assistant Quorter master.
To General Th. S. Jesup,
Washington city.
[Extract.]
Alhegheny Arsenal, July 8, 1846. Tf
Sir: The bearer, Mr. Townsend, is one of our largest wagon con-
tractors. He goes to Philadelphia for the purpose of purchasing
material for covers, and takes Washington in the route. A genuine
ravens duck cannot be had in the eastern market; but a substitute^
I understand, is used by the government for the regulation wagons,
furnished in Philadelphia, in lieu of the genuine article of duck.
The material used is called duck, but is not so stout as the other
specified in your circular. On this subject Mr. T. will receive
your instructions, and I desire you will direct whether we shall use
the substitute or not, or name any other article you may deem
suitable.
The tread of the regulation wagons under contract in Cincinnati
has, I understand, been reduced from 2^ to 2| inches, and the price
fixed at •'§125 per wagon. If so, these are important considerations;
as the 2\ dimension would enable our mechanics to work up a large
stock of timber which cannot now be consumed for the 2^ tread,
besides making a difference of several dollars less in favor of the
narrow wheel.
The hurry with which this job is required to be completed ren-
ders the profits a mere trifle. I speak knowingly in the matter, as
I have had one of the wagons made in our shops, and the result
clearly sustains the assertion. A slight advance, therefore, on the
price, (|110,) perhaps, under all. the circunstance, would be to the
interest of the government. It would stimulate the workmen to-
close their contracts promptly, and at the same time insure a good
article.
E. HARDING,
Acting Assistant Quartermaster,
To General Th. S. Jesup,
Washington city.
660 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Allegheny Arsenal, July 23, 1846.
Sir: I have the honor tQ inform youy in reply to your letter of
the 20th instant, that I am now shipping to Colonel Hunt 24 ox
wagons, and about 2Q pattern mule wagons; the former with three
yokes and tv.'o chains eaeh, and the latter with harness for four
mules complete. This freight goes in the government steamer
''Major Brown," and, from the favorable stage of the water, she
must be in New Orleans in about ten days.
I cm expecting a supply of wagons from " McKee," of Butler
county. He ought to have at least 10 or 15 in to-morrow: if so, I
shall be able to ship sixty-five by the " Brown." You may rest
assured I will use every effort to carry out your views .with regard
to procuring wagons and harness, and, so far as may be in my power,
I will not fail to advance the interest of the department by en-
deavoring in all cases to comply with your instructions.
E. HARDING,
Acting Jissistant Quartermaster.
To General Th. S. Jesup,
Washington city.
Allegheny Arsenal, July 25, 1846.
Sir: In making my contracts for harness, I issued a circular, and
addressed it to several of the most prominent dealers in the article,,
and the lowest bid for the best kind (according to your specifica-
tion) was |52 per set, which includes everything complete for four
mules.
In a recent report of yours to Congress, I observe you estimate
the cost of such harness at $'40, and that you are now paying no
more in Philadelphia. These circumstances caused me to remon-
strate with my men against the extravagance of their price; but,
on investigating the subject, I find that the difference in price is
sustained by the superior quality of ours over the Philadelphia
harness. To test this, the harness makers here would prefer to
make such harness as is now furnished in Philadelphia at $40, or
even less, than to make mine at |52. I feel convinced that the
latter will prove to be the cheapest in the end; but if the war is to
continue only for a few months, perhaps a less costly article would
answer all purposes. It is, therefore, for you to direct whether in
future you Avilf have the cheap harness, in lieu of the other.
It may be proper to mention that Captain Sanders contracted a
number of bills for repairs put upon the government steamers
lately purchased at this place, which I have paid on the captain's
certificate, pre'suraing it to be proper, and that you would approve
of mv course In this respect.
• E. HARDING,
dieting .Assistant Quartermaster,
To General Tn. S. Jesup,
Washington city.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 661
[Extract.]
Allegheny Arsenal, July 30, 1846.
Siu: I shippeil 51 wagons, with harness complete, in the steamer
"Major Brown." McKee, of Butler county, failed to deliver his
according to promise, which curtailed my shipment 15.
E. HARDING,
Acting Assistant Quartermaster,
To General Tn. S. Jesup,
Washington city.
Allegheny Arsenal, August 8, 1846.
Sir: I shipped to Colonel Hunt's address at New Orleans, on
the 5th instant, per steamer "Alert," 31 wagons, &.C., complete,
and in a few days more I shall send olF a like number. The water
is down, and we are compelled to shin in low-water boats to
Liexitenant Gore, at Newport, who has been requested to push this
freight forward with despatch.
E. HARDING,
Acting Assistant Quartermaster.
To Colonel George Talcott,
Washingto?i city.
[Extract.]
Allegheny Arsenal, August 15, 1846.
Sir: Since my last report on the subject of wagons, I have
shipped 42 more to Colonel Hunt.
E. HARDING,
Acting Assistant Quartermaster,
To General Th. S. Jesup,
Washington city.
[Extract.]
Allegheny Arsenal, August 18, 1846.
Sir: The iron boats (8) referred to in yours of the 14th instant
were bargained for on the 16th June, and will be completed in 90
days, according to contract. Two of them are nearly sheeted
over, and are to be finished in a few days-, and the others will fol-
low in quick succession. The iron has been ordered and prepared
for the whole number, and from appearances I should judge that
the work will be accomplished.
662 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
These boats look very well, and for lighters or tow-boats I think
they must answer a good purpose.
E. HARDING,
Acting Assistaiit Quartermaster.
To General Tn. S. Jesup,
Washington city. ' . •
[Extract.]
Allegheny Arsenal, September 2, 1846.
Sir: I have shipped to Colonel Hunt, at New Orleans, over 170
wagons, &c., and have 300 more which will be ready in a few
^ays. To what extent I shall proceed with this wagon making,
please inform me. They are now turned out very rapidly, and
may increase to an unreasonable degree. There is no limit to
your instructions. The river continues up, and there is no diffi-
culty in procuring transportation for any number required.
E. HARDING,
Jicting Assistant Quartermaster.
To General Th. S. JEsur,
V/ashington city.
[Extract.]
Allegheny Arsenal, September 10, 1846.
Sir: I have your letter of the 7th, and I hasten to reply. I
had ro far completed the shipment of 250 wagons for Colonel
Mackay, in pursuance of your instructions of the 4th instant, that
a change could not well be made without injury to the property,
and being attended with much. trouble and expense. I have there-
fore deemed it best to let the shipment remain as it had been first
regulated.
In writing on the 2d instant I was not fully aware of the extent
to which wagons had been manufactured, as there were several
contractors in the country whom I had lost sight of, and who have
since come in with large stocks and swelled my number to nearly
600, all of which appear to be a good -article of the wagon kind ;
and I calculate nearly the whole lot will pass inspection. Under-
standing that several iiundred more wagons would be in upon me
in another week, I assumed the responsibility on the 10th instant,
and cut the matter short by closing up the business, notwithstand-
ing you had extended the time to the 15th. It is probable you
will be annoyed with complaints against me on this subject; but
these I shall not regard, as I was influenced by correct motives
and the interest of your department in stopping an accumulation
of property not now required. Most of the wagons now on th
ground have not been finally received and inspected; but as the
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 665
•
"were procured under instructions from your office, the government,
I presume, is bound to receive them.
There will be 260 or 270 left, should all pass inspection, and
how I shall dispose of them please advise me.
Should you not require more wagons at the south or the west at
present, these could be secured in the upper park of the arsenal, by
placing- over them a temporary board covering. None but good
•wagons will be accepted; and if the war continues, they will be
wanted.
E. HARDING, ^
Acting Assistant Quartermaster .
To General Th. S. Jesup,
Washington city.
[Extract.]
Allegheny Arsenal,
September 25, 1846.
Sir: I have shipped to-day, in obedience to your orders of 21st
instant, to Lieutenant Colonel Hunt, at New Orleans, 14,125 horse-
shoes and 19,000 mule-shoes, with nails, &c.
This property has been placed in charge of Mr, J. A. Fisher, a
suitable conductor, and on board the steamer " Swan," with orders
to push i,t ahead with all possible despatch. The boat will depart
in the morning.
E. HARDING,
Acting Assistant Quartermaster.
To General Th. S. Jesup,
IVas /ling ton city. .
[Extract.]
Alleghany Arsenal,
^ September 27, 1846.
Sir: The iron section boats being built at this place ought to
have been finished oix the 16th instant. Five of them are nearly
completed, and if no more are wanted it would be well, perhaps,
to close the business. There is no reason why the time should be
extended, unless the boats are absolutely required.
E. HARDING,
.Jlcting Assistant Quartermaster.
To General Th. S. Je.sfp,
Washington city.
664, Ex. Doc. No. 60.
[Extract.]
Allegheny Arsenal,
October 8, 1846.
Sia: Major General Jesup has ordered 300 wagons to be kept iii
depot here, and 100,000 horse and mule-shoes, which, with eight
iron section boats now in progressj makes our expenditures very
heavy.
E. HARDING,
Acting Assistant Quartermaster.
To the Quartermaster's Office,
Washington city.
Quartermaster's Office,
Cincinnati^ Ohioj June 7, 1846.
Ge!neral: I have not met With that success thus far in obtaining
"wagons that I had a right to expect on my first arrival. I have
sent for all the principal makers in this city, Lebanon, Franklin,
and the opposite side of the river. Suitable seasoned timber ap-
pears to be one of the greatest barriers in the way. Two hundred
will be the greatest possible number that can be had here, to be
finished by the 1st of August. I suggest Pittsburg or some other
point to be resorted to for the other 100 — say 50 horse and
50 ox. ^
The wagon builders tell me that many of their best workmen,
both of iron and wood, have joined the volunteer companies. I
have engaged about 100 wagons, and will see other makers on
Monday and Tuesday next, when I am in hopes to increase the
number to 200; but not the least prospect beyond that, unkss the
time of delivery could be extended to the middle of September.
Harvest being near at hand, takes off many workmen. Will you
please inform me if the middle of September v,'i]l answer?
D. D. TOMPKINS,
Major and Quartermaster.
Cincinnati, Ohio, June 14, 1846.
General: Since I last had the honor to report, I have engaged'
the requisite number of ox yokes and chains for the ox wagonsj
have engaged 110 horse wagons and very nearly 100 ox wagons, to
be finished by the 30th July, delivering so many every ten days.
I have a prospect of buying some ox wagons already made; and
if possible, shall do so.
D. D. TOMPKINS,
Major and Quartermaster.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 665
Cincinnati, OiiiOj June 22, 1846
General: I received your letter dated 16th instant, directing
me to purchase and send at once to Lieutenant Colonel Hunt three
light draught steamboats on the Ohio river, viz: the Swiff sure,
Vtica^ and JVeto Haven. I have made the proper inquiries, and
find the above-named boats are all worn out. Others, I think, of
equal light draught, with double engine and side wheels, can be
purchased here. I have made all the requisite arrangements with
a person to report the arrival at this place of boats of this descrip-
tion, and some such are expected here in a very few days. Should
any of them answer your views, as stated to me in your letter, I
■will buy them, and send them immediately to Colonel Hunt. Cap-
tain Sanders, of the corps of engineers, was here some few days
since, and, as I learned from him, had chartered boats answering
your description, for the use of the army on the Rio Grande. He
went from here to Pittsburg to complete his instructions, which,
from all I can learn, is a better place to procure such boats than
Cincinnati or lower down the river.
D. D. TOMPKINS,
Major and Quartermaster.
Cincinnati, Ohio-, July 5, 1846.
General: I have shipped to Lieutenant Colonel Hunt about 40
horse and ox wagons, with harness, yokes, and chains; also about
10,000 bushels oats. My wagons are coming in faster than the
agreements call for: I encourage them to do so. The only thing
I am discouraged about is suitable steamboats for the Rio Grande.
I have plenty offered, but they are single engine, and old boats. I
have advised with competent persons about them, and they think
as I ilid — that they would not answer: one very good and suitable
offered, but the price was so very exorbitant, yiz: $20,000, I could
not feel that I would be justified in giving it: all concur with me
that it was entirely too much. Boats have gone down the river
purchased by Captain Sanders at Pittsburg, which is much the best
place. A steamboat by the name of " Colorado" will be here to-
morrow. I shall make every effort to purchase her, as I believe
her well suited to the service.
D. D. TOMPKINS,
Major and Quartermaster.
Cincinnati, July 17, 1846.
Sir: Your letter dated July 10th instant I have received. I
immediately wrote to Captain Heintzelman relative to the mules
at Lexington bought by Benjamin Robertson. I shall leave to-
morrow for that place, where Captain Heintzelman will meet me,
when we will decide upon the best route to get the mules safe and
666 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
most expeditiously to the Rio Grande. At the request of Captain
A. R. Hetzel I sent my agent to Columbus, in this State, and pur-
chased 45 mules, with a promise of 15 more, which I expect will
arrive here to-day, when they will be sent to New Orleans, to
Lieutenant Colonel Hunt. None of them are under three years
old, good size, and more than half well broke to harness. They
•will cost delivered here a few cents over $71 apiece. I have a
transport already for them, and shall employ two good steady men
to accompany them, for the purpose of feeding and otherwise at-
iending to them. I have sent to Colonel Hunt over 100 wagons,
and from 16 to 17,000 bushels of oats. The wagons are coming
in fast; oats are scarce and high; as soon as harvest is over they
•will be more plenty.
D. D. TOMPKINS,'
Major and Quartermaster.
Louisville, Ky., July 21, 1846.
Sir: I leave here this morning, in company with Captain Heint-
zelman, for Lexington, for the purpose of receiving from Mr. Rob-
ertson the mules he has purchased by your direction. On our ar-
rival at the place we will decide on the route they will go.
D. D. TOMPKINS,
Major and Quartermaster.
Cincinnati, Ohio, July 28, 1846.
General: Yesterday I returned to this place from Lexington,
Kentucky, where I went to receive the mules purchased by Mr.
Robertson on your instructions. I have received from him 401 mules,
and paid for the same, averaging !S5l02 each. Mr. Robertson, has, in
my opinion, done himself great credit and good justice to the gov-
ernment. I do pronounce them a good lot ,of mules. Captain
Heintzelmr.n went v/ith me to take charge of them. On consult-
ing with Mr. Robertson and others accustomed to driving .stock,
they recommended water transportation, via New Orleans, which
I have adopted. Good and trusty hands, such as M'r. Robertson
has recommended, will accompany them to New Orleans. He
(Robertson) engaged to deliver them at Louisville, where the
largest class of boats can be had to take them to New Orleans.
The river is now in good order — at least 10 feet of water. This
I consider the best and most expeditious route to send them. This
determination is arrived at after conversing with the most experi-
enced in the matter. On my return I found several communica-
tions on my table from your office, which I s^all answer in detail
to-morrow. The first deta-chraent of mules leaves Louisville on
the 29th instant fo^r New Orleans.
D. D, TOMPKINS,
Major and Qimrtermaster.
Ex. Doc. No. GO. 667
, Cincinnati, Ohio, July 30, 1846.
General: I have an agent now in Kentucky purchasing 200
mules, to be forwarded, in addition to the 401 purchased by Mr.
benjamin Robertson, to Lieutenant Colonel T. F. Hunt, at New Or-
leans. I started a person yesterday through tljis State for mules. He
gave every assurance that h? could procure 100. None are to be
under three ytars old, sound, and free from all blemish. I feel
greatly in hopes to collect the 400 for the Rio Grande, and start
them otf by 15th of August. The mules received from Mr. Rob-
ertson are now being forwarded to New Orleans from Louisville.
The river is high. I have sent sini^e here, to Lieutenant Colonel
Hunt, 229 horse and ox wagons, 165 sets of four-mule harness, 300
ox yolcrs, and 250 ox chains, extra wheels, and other extra parts
of wagons. I shall send to-morrow 25 v/rigons more, with ox yokes
and chains. I will have ready by 10th or 12th of August 150
more horse v\'agons, wnth harness complete. I find it difficult to
get suitable wagons ready made. I may pick up some 30 or 40,
which I am now at. All the wagon makers about i. ere I have at
"work; and should it become necessary to increase the number be-
yond what I have stated, and give 10 days additional time, some
100 or more cauld be made. Will you please to let me knowl
Should not some of the harness be for horses, ^s you have directed
Captain Heintzelman to procure 400 draught? I am anxiously
looking for Captain Drum; he will be of great service to me at
present in engaging team.s, as I have my hands full with wagons,
harness, &c., and a detachment of 2d United States infantry are
now here on their way to Texas. I will have to find transportotion
for them, and supply them with some camp equipage. I have fur-
nished from this place 30 wagons and harness to Captain Heint-
zelman for Kentucky mounted troops.
D. D. TOMPKINS,
Major and Quartermaster.
Cincinnati, Ohio, August 3, 1846.
General: I heard this morning from ray agent in Kentucky.
He has purchased 150 mules, and will be able to secure 200 more
in that State; the balance we v.'ill get in Ohio. I will thank you
to have funds sent me as early as possible. The mules will be de-
livered the last of this week; money will be required to pay for
them on delivery. Tiie last of the lot purchased by Robertson left
Liouisville for New Orleans on the 1st inst. Captain Drum has
arrived. I have ordered Captain G. W. Smith, one of the volun-
teer quartermasters, th report to Captain Heintzelman, to assist
him in the purchase of horses.
D. D. TOMPKINS,
Major and Quartermaster.
t
668 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Cincinnati, Ohio, August 18, 1846.
General: Since ray last report to you, dated '30th ult., I have
procured 602 mules, 198 of them were forwarded to Lieutenant
Colonel Hunt on the 12th instant. I had 200 for him, but tvro got
away, and we did not find them until the boat which was to carry
them had left. The 404 now on hand will be started on Monday
next to Red river by water, and then by land to San Antonio de
Bexar, under the general supervision of Captain S. H. Drum, A
contract has been made for this purpose for the mules, and 400
horses purchased by Captain Heintzelman. Captain Drum will
send a copy of it to you. We went into all the calculations in re-
gard to ejJpense and risks, and concluded, as most favorable to the
government, to contract for their delivery.
The mules I bad collected by the 15th, but are kept back, wait-
ing for the horses. Captain Heintzelman is now engaged in paying
for horses, and having them driven to Louisville, Ivy.
I have sent to New Orleans, in addition to the number stated in
my last report, 170 wagons and harness, and will have by the last
of this month 50 more, which is all I have contracted for, and shall
not engage any more unless instructed to do so by you.
Captain Drum will take nine wagons vrith him aijd 50 teamsters.
They can break mules on the route, as Vv^ell as assist in driving. I
will supply him with the necessary funds to meet his contract. We
h-ave engaged over 200 teamsters. Many of them, when the time
arrived to leave, were among the missing. 106 have been started
for New Orleans, and the balance of the 150 you ordered sent will
leave this evening under the charge of Major Arthur, of your de-
partment, on his way to join the army.
The mules purchased will average, delivered here, including all
expenses, about $83 per head, an<l they are a very fine lot of stocky
as many persons tell me. We have about cleared Kentucky, down
to three years old. A small lot, say 100, could be had in Ohio, as
I am informed, on reasonable terms, should they be needed. This
is a good place to purchase good and substantial draught horses,
and at reasonable rates — say averaging about $60 per hea<i.
D. D. TOMPKINS,
Major and Quarter ma star.
Cincinnati, Ohio, August 26, 1846.
Sir: The last of the 400 mules destined for San Antonio de
Bexar left this morning. They will receive the 400 horses at
Louisville, when the whole will be under the general supervision
of Captain S. H. Drum, assistant quarteij^master. They will be
taken by water to Red river, if the stage of water will permit; if
not, to the nearest point on the Mississippi, and then by land. The
Ohio is now rising at least 10 feet from here to the mouth. This
will enable the largest class of boats to run.
D. D. TOMPKINS,
Major and Quartermaster.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 669
Cincinnati, Ohio, Septeinber 4, 1846.
Sir: Your letter, dated the 24th, was received, but the mules
were all on their way, and the horses ready to be received at Louis-
ville, and every thing prepared for their journey. I heard from
them thi'S day; they were on the Mississippi, going along very well
towards Red river. I instructed Captain Drum, should he, on his
arrival at Red river, find his wagons likely to encumber his march,
to send them to New Orleans. I think the thing so well arranged
that they will soon get through; he will use all despatch in getting
them on. The wagons from Buffalo have arrived, and been for-
warded, as well as the last fifty I had made here, which closes the
wagon and harness business with me.
D. D. TOMPKINS,
Major and Quartermaster.
Cincinnati, Ohio, Sejyiemher 15, 1846"
General: I received, when at Louisville, your letter directino*
that hereafter any wagons I might have may be sent to St. Louis.
All my wagons, v^rere shipped to New Orleans some three or four
days before receiving the letter. Should any come from Pittsburg-,
I will have them sent to St. Louis.
D. D. TOMPI^INS,
Major and Quartermaster.
Charleston, S. C, June 8, 1846.
My Dear Sir: A desire to serve the department over which you
preside, at a crisis like the present, is my motive for troubling you
with this letter. What is the character of the river Rio del Norte'?
To what extent is it navigable, and what depth of water in the
dryer season or absence of floods'? It seems to me that if supplies
to any extent can be pushed up that river, it must present immense
facilities to General Taylor's operations. The rivers in Carolina
and Georgia are subject, as you know, to very great alternations.
In some seasons the Savannah is fordable at Augusta; and, to ob-
viate these difficulties, they have on that river a class of iron boats
of easy draught, not exce-eding 2^ feet water, and which are used
as tow boats, accompanied by lighters, which carry from 1,500 to
1,600 bales of cotton, equivalent in weight to from 4,000 to 5,000
barrels of flour, and half that amount nearly of pork and beef. I
am inclined to the opinion that three boats, with their lighters,
might be contracted for at a moderate oi: fair value, if approached
by a private individual, not disclosing that the government needed
them. It is true there might be some difficulty in getting the
lighters round into the gulf; but, by caution and time^ I think it
could be ettected; and, at all events, \n less time than similar
lighters could be built on the gulf, and at one-half the cost. If my
670 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
views are correct as to the probable navigability of the river to a
considerable extent with 2| feet to 3 feet water, these boats and
liorhters would produce a revolution in Texas. Indeed, they might
be found important in all ulterior operations in Mexico, as possibly
the streams west of the Rio del Norte, and particularly the one
which flows from the valley of Monterey, may be all accessible to
light draught of water. At Point Isabel, these boats would accom-
plish with their lighters all that you could require; and, if I am
not misinformed as to the Colorado, they may be m.ade serviceable
in that stream to the point where permanent ports are suggested
and recommended by General Taylor.
If I can render any service in these particulars, you may com-
mand me; but if the government are not disposed to purchase, but
would desire to charter the boats, it is probable I could make a
favorable arrangement, if the contracts were such as to justify their
withdrawal from the Savannah river, and compensate lor the haz-
ard, &c., of a removal to the gulf. Among the boats, 'Some of
them are of wood, but two or three are iron — all of easy draught,
and with lighters — the best constructed for the navigation of shal-
low rivers 1 have seen.
JAMES GADSDEN.
Major General Thomas S. Jesup,
Washington.
[Extract.]
New Orleans, La., Jime 19, 1846.
General: I reported to you yesterday my arrival here. Since
then I have had much conversation with Colonel Hunt. He has
recently, in fulfilment of General Taylor's requisitions, purchased
or chartered seven steamboats which are suited to the Rio Grande.
Such aid is much wanted, to enable General Taylor to occupy the
line of that river above Matamoras. This appears to be his present
object. The Alabama, Colonel Hunt says, can be discharged at
the tad of the second month of her engagement, if we see fit-
When I have seen General Taylor, I shall be enabled to judge
whether he needs such a heavy craft at this stage of his operations.
HENRY WHITING,
Deputy Quartermaster General.
Major General Thomas S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General^ U. S. A.,
Washington city^ D. C.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 671
[Extract.]
Brazos Island, Texas, July 3, 1846.
General: The small boats which have been purchased and char-
tered for the Grande by Lieutenant Colonel Hunt are now fast
coming. Since the gale, in which we suffered, the weather has
been calm, and we hope that most of them will be able to take ad-
vantage of it to reach these waters. They are indispensable to
General Taylor's proposed operations.
HENRY WHITING,
Deputy Quartermaster General.
General Thos. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General^ U. S. ./$.,
V/ashingfon city, B.C.
[Extract.]
Matamoras, Mexico, July 7, 1846.
General: I reached Matamoras yesterday, via the Rio Grande.
It is at this time full and overflowing, and stemmed with difficulty.
One small boat, which is not of much power, v/as nearly two davs
in getting up. We have now, or shall soon have, seven boats in
the river. They will probably enable General Taylor to effect his
measures. His orders relative to having some of these boats on.
this river earlier must have been misunderstood, as they could
easily have been fulfilled a month since, much to the advantage
of his operations.
General Taylor has required the purchase of two hundred horses
for the light artillery; and, as he needs them without delay, I have
directed Lieutenant Colonel Hunt to purchase them in New Or-
leans and Mobile. The price w^ill be great, without doubt, but
delay is not warranted.
HENRY WHITING,
Deputy Quartermaster General,
General Thomas S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General, U. S. .^.,
Washington city, D. C.
Matamoras, Mexico, July £, 1846.
General: General Taylor's main object has now for some time
been to throw up supplies on Camargo, with a view to ulterior oper-
ations. Thus far our department has not been able to effect this
object, but every exertion is making which circumstances admit.
The river is high, and has water enough, but is so rapid at its pres-
ent stage as to be stemmed with difficuhy, particularly by the small
boats, which are weak in power. Besides, the transportation of
672 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
the volunteers c>verrides every thing. I descend the river to-mor-
row to urge matters, which have been much embarrassed by the
frequent changes as to the mode of transporting supplies that have
necessarily taken place. The road between Point Isabel and Fort
Brown has now for many days been impassable for loaded teams,
and the means adapted to the new route, via the Grande, are but
just in operation on and around Brazos island.
HENRY WHITING,
Deputy Quartermaster General.
Major General Thomas S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General U. S. A,^
V/ashingto7i city^ D. C.
Matamohas, Mexico, July 14, 1846.
General: We have now eight small boats in operation on this
river, and will soon have two or four more. These will enable me,
in a short time, to fulfil General Taylor's orders to have 300,000
rations at Camargo preparatory to a march on Monterey. The ob-
structions thus far, in the way of fulfilling this order, have been
many .and great. He lis impatient, and says the department has
been much behindhand. It may have been so, but I dare say much
satisfactory explana,tion could be given. We are here far from all
means, and some eight or ten thousand volunteers have been poured
in without bringing with tliem any additional means of movement.
HENRY WHITING,
Deputy Quartermaster General.
Major General Thomas S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General U. S. ./3.,
Washingto7i city^ D. C.
Matamoras, Mexico, Jtily 17, 1846.
General: It is proper to' apprize you of the manner in which the
steam craft have accumulated on this river, that you may be ^ble
to answer any questions that may be put relating to that subject.
It will no doubt be the subject of comment. When I reached New
Orleans, Colonel Hunt informed me that he believed General Tay-
lor was dissatisfied with the mode in which he had provided trans-
portation for the army, and had authorized two persons, one of
them Captain Sanders, of the engineers, and a Mr. Winlhrop, of
New Orleans, to send on steam craft suited to the Grande, which
would be employed on reaching tliat river. Captain Sanders con-
sulted with Colonel Hunt, who at once set to work to fulfil Gene-
ral Taylor's wishes. The result of his exertions has been, that five
small steamers have been added to the number already in the river,
viz: the Cincinnati, the Neva, and the Aid. Mr. Winthrop sent on
two other steamers, which have also been employed; and Colonel
Xluut informs me (the Utter received this day) that he has five
Ex. Doc. No. 60. • 673
others engaged: one of them, the James Cage, has been obliged to
put back on her passage, having broken her propeller, with a heavy
load of camp equipage, and other much needed stores. He also
says that Captain Sanders reports to him from Pittsburg that he has
purchased one boat, and chartered others, to be employed in case
they reach the Grande. This will make a large fleet, but may not
prove too large for the purposes in view; so General Taylor thinks;
so I think, according to present prospects. A short time will prove,
when such as are unnecessary will be discharged. About one-third
of these boats have been purchased. I have not as yet been able
to obtain any report as to the prices paid for those purchased. I
will direct Colonel Hunt to make to you specific report; perhaps
he has already done so. One of the boats which went up to Ca-
margo returned this day. She reached there without much diffi-
culty— not more than is encountered below this. The troops on
board of her took quiet possession.
HENRY WHITING,
Deputy Quartermaster General.
Major General Thomas S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General U. S. J2.,
Washington city^ D. C.
Matamoras, Mexico, July 23, 1846.
General: We have now twelve boats at work in this river; but
even with this steam force we have not yet thrown upon Camargo
the 300,000 rations which General Taylor has deemed a necessary
preliminary to active operations towards the interior. That num-
ber, however, will be there in a day or two, and a portion of the
regulars (the 1st brigade, under General Worth) has gone up also:
soon, all the transports will be employed to force up the residue of
the troops. Other boats are reported to be on their way. These
will not be too many for our present purposes, which require des-
patch, while the river presents many obstacles. Some of our boats
when loaded, draw four or five feet of water. Thus far all have
succeeded, excepting one, which had to partly unload at a particu-
lar point. Twelve boats have now gone up; two of them now on
their second trip. These have effectually paved the way, at the
present stage of the water, which, though much lower than when I.
came up, has still about seven feet. We do not want more. It has
rained nearly every day now for a week, and the roads have become
so bad that all the movements of the troops have to be by water
for the present. This is an embarrassment.
HENRY WHITING,
Deputy Quartermaster General.
Major General Thos. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General U. S. j^rmy,
Washington city^ D, C.
43
674 • Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Matamohas, Mexico, July 28, 1846.
General: No steamboats for the Rio Grande have arrived since
mY ^ast advice. The Hunter has not yet made her appearance. My
reports from Colonel Hunt lead me to expect about four more, in-
cluding two he believes Captain Saunders has either purchased or
chartered. Those we have do not set us forward w^ith the prompti-
tude desired. They are generally an inferior class of boats, and
got much racked by the long voyage (and for which they are not
fitted) they have to make before they reach us. Our mule and
horse wagon train, which I find is reduced to about 175 teams, will
but imperfectly supply the column that is to move from Camargo.
I am striving to make up the deficiency by hiring mules accustomed
to packing, with conductors and arrieros, all complete, paying them
so much per diem. The reports from Captain Crosman, who is up
there with Colonel Kinney, who is acting under him, and is familiar
with all that part of the country, are encouraging. They have al-
ready engaged several hundred; and another person whom I had
previously employed at Reinosa has purchased some three hundred
gentle mules, which are not to exceed $20 or $25 a head. My hope
is that w'e will be able to pack enough for the companies, and have
the train for general purposes — for ammunition, provision, the
sick, &c. When the Louisiana volunteers were about going out, and
had many good horses for sale, it was deemed expedient by General
Tavlor, as well as by myself, that the opportunity should not be
lost for putting the light artillery and Bragg's company in a fit con-
dition for the field, as the horses called for from New Orleans
might not arrive in time for the march. In this way these compa-
nies have been recruited at once; and Captain Duncan's company
has already marched for Camargo. The price has not always been
moderate, but in no instance extravagant.
HENRY WHITING,
Assistant Quartermaster General,
Major General Thos. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General U. S. Army.
Washington city, D. C.
Matamoras, Mexico, July 31, 1846.
GeivEral: I have received your letter relative to the "Harney."
I found her on my arrival a wreck, a party being then engaged in
savi»g such parts as could be moved. She was in a position, I un-
derstood, which subjected her to the drift of the floating sands, and
it was found that all under water (and not much besides the wheel-
houses was above water) would soon be buried beneath those sands.
Sinvce then I have been so much occupied that it has not occurred
to me to call for a report of her present condition. I have now di-
rected Major McRee to make such report both to you and to me.
General Taylor has just issued an order, directing the movement
of the remaining troops up the river without delay; and all our
means of transportation, both by land and by water, will be put ia
^ Ex. Doc. No. 60. * 675
•requisition. Our train, as I have already reported, will be very in-
adequate; but I hope to make up the deficiency by hiring and buy-
ing mules. My last report from Camargo is favorable. By giving
the contract a character of compulsion, there appears to be little
difficulty in obtaining them. A contract has been made with a per-
son familiar with that district and its resources, for fifteen hundred
pack mules, arrieros, packs, and every thing complete. The per
diem to be given was not reported. General Taylor will go up to
Camargo in a few days. I either accompany him or follow in a
few days, in order to complete the arrangements Captain Crosmaii
has begun.
HENRY WHITING,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
Major General Thos. S. Jesup^
Quartermaster General U. S. Jirmy,
Washifigtan city, D. C.
Matamoras, Mexico, August 3, 1846.
General: One of the boats, the WhitevillCj purchased by Cap-
tain Sanders, has reached the mouth of the river. The Hatckee
Eagle, procured by Lieutenant Colonel Hunt, is also at the Brazos.
These boats, as well as all the others which are expected, will be
serviceable. General Taylor's first calculations were upon about
6,000 men at Camargo, and the depot was established there accord-
ingly. Double that number are now upon the river, and to be pro-
vided for. As the v/ater falls, the loads must be reduced. I do
not anticipate that even twenty boats upon the river would be an
excess, particularly as they are most of them liable to be occasion-
ally disabled, and some of them to be discharged. Our greatest
difficulties will be found in keeping up the supply at the mouth of
the river. When all the mule trains now on the Brazos are with-
drawn, as they will be on the 9th instant, in order to move upon.
Camargo, the forty or fifty ox teams left there will not fill one-
quarter of the river boats. We have, in addition, a steamer or two
and some small vessels, which ply around. This will be our main
reliance; but it is liable to be suspended by a wind, which may last
from one day to a week, or even more, which makes the river bar
impassable. In order to improve our chances there, I propose to
set up a new mule train as soon as new wagons arrive, which mav*
now be daily expected, as well as harness. And I have proposed
to General Taylor to make a call, with his sanction, upon the ma-
gistracy of the district between this and the mouth of the river for
500 mules, to be delivered within a certain time at the mouth of
the river, and to be paid for at a fair valuation; not relying, how-
ever, upon this resource alone, but, at the same time buying our-
selves. Until this arraagement can be made, I propose to hire all
the ox carts which can be conveniently had. They are an awkward
Tehicle, but can be serviceable on a beach roacl.
676 • Ex. Doc. No. 60.
It requires various expedients to make out our inadequate means
of transportation and keep up the chain of supplies between the
Brazos and Camargo. Sometimes I feel an extreme anxiety about
it, so many embarrassments arise at each link of this chain; and I
remark to General Taylor that our relief is, that in case of a par-
tial or even total privation of our own supplies after we have left
the river, we shall probably find sufficient sustenance in the coun-
try through which we will be marching — that is, beef for .-the men,
and grass (the occasional showers we have had will have made that
unusually luxuriant for this season) for the animals. Corn may,
perhaps, be found in addition.
I have just been with General Taylor, in order to report to him
some of the misfortunes and unavoidable delays at the mouth of
the river and at the Brazos, so frequently occurring there. At such
times he often speaks impatiently, and is inclined to be unjust to
the department. I feel fully competent to defend its rights here,
and only ask that in case any charge is made at Washington I may
know it, and be asked to explain. So far as respects the time I
have been here, I stand on sure ground. The department cannot
control the elements nor prevent unavoidable accidents, much less
Tesist a torrent of volunteers which overwhelms, for a time, all its
means. These things do not stop the campaign, though they retard
its operations, as a matter of course.
HENRY WHITING,
Acting Quartermaster General.
Major General Th. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General U. S. A.^ Washington city^ D. C.
Matamoras, Mexico, August 6, 1846.
General: General Taylor went up to Camargo on the 4th. I
could not so soon leave this place. The removal of two-thirds of
the train from Brazos island, where for the last three weeks we
have had 150 teams, makes a breach in our means of transportation
there that will be filled up with difficulty. This removal of all
mule teams to Camargo is an unavoidable step. Embarrassing as
it would be below, not to take it would be still more embarrassing
above. No movement could be made on Monterey without so much
of the train. In order to supply that defect an extra exertion has
to be made. Wagons are now coming in below, and I trust we
shall soon have a hundred at least at the Brazos: the mules can be
had only of the Mexicans. I have, with the sanction of the gen-
eral, called on the alcaldes to assist us in bringing them in; prom-
ising that each gentle mule should be paid for at a fair price, not
to exceed $20. This call might have been ineffectual, had not a
Texan mounted regiment (Colonel Hays's) been moving into the
quarter whence we expect these mules. The alcaldes have ex-
pressed a determination to fulfil the call, if possible. A regiment
will make that possible which might otherwise be deemed impos-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 677
sible. As soon as these mules come in, they will be put to the har-
ness. In two or three weeks I hope in this way to restore our
means of transportation at the Brazos, on which so much depends.
In the mean time I am endeavoring to collect one hundred ox-
carts, (Mexican,) to be hired by the day until the mules are at
work. We have had daily rains now for a week past. The river
has risen again some three or four feet; this improves the water
highway, but renders the land highway difficult. The troops are
now going up both ways; all the boats we have are usefully em-
ployed. Had we more, (as we expect more,) they w^ould not be
too many. To put more than 10,000 men more than four hundred
miles up the river, with all the feed for them, and some 4,000 ani-
mals to boot, is not the work of a few days, or even weeks.
I shall follow General Taylor in a few days. Captain Crosman,
■who is at Camargo, reports that he has now "on hand, in readiness
for the field, about 900 pack mules, with all the equipments and
arrieros complete." Double that number will probably be needed
and obtained. The Mexicans like their country well, but they like
money better.
HENRY WHITING,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
Major General Thos. S. Jesup,
Quart erinaster General U. S. Army^
Washington city, D. C.
Matamoras, Mexico, August 12, 1846.
General: The train, about 150 strong, wilF leave here for Ca-
margo on the 16th and 17th; one half with Brigadier General
Hamer's column of volunteers, and the other half with Brigadier
General Twiggs's column, embracing all the regulars yet to go up.
Other volunteers are moving up by water. The ordnance supplies
go up in two or three days; Major Craig i<; below, attending to
them. The hospital supplies are also below. I understand from
the medical director that transportation will soon be required for
them also.
Colonel Hunt's purchase of horses is fast coming in, and will
enable us to set up the light artillery companies in time for the
field. It will also supply in part the dismounted dragoons, as many
favorable purchases were made here of horses from discharged vol-
unteers. Lieutenant Bragg's company entirely, and Captain Ridge-
ly's in part, were supplied in this way a week o'r two since.
HENRY WHITING,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
Major General Thos. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General U. S. Army,
Washington citi/j D. C.
678 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Matamoras, Mexico, August 17, 1846.
General: I have just received your letter of the 17th June; also
yours of the 27th, 21st July, and the 3d August. The horses of
Mexico are small, though strong for their size. They have been
tried at the draught, and found inadequate; neither will they an-
swer for the dragoons. For many purposes, such as express men
who are light, for depot purposes, &c., they answer, and are ap-
plied. The Mexican mules are small, but answer our purpose. My
letters already written will show that we are availing ourselves of
them largely. They are very cheap. I am now buying several
hundred, which will not cost over $20 each.
HENRY WHITING, '
Assistant Quartermaster General.
Major General Thos. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General U. S. A., ^
Washington city, D. C
Matamoras, Mexico, August 18, 1846.
General: Another small boat, the " Rough and Ready," has
been reported at the Brazos; she may be now in the river. This
"will make thirteen boats in the Grande; the ''Neva" being sunk,
and the " Exchange" sent to the Brazos to take the place of the
*' Leo," an almost useless boat, but which we have thus far been
obliged to keep in employment. The " Colonel Cross " and the
*' Major Brown " are still to come; as also some iron boats, of
which the general has spoken. The " Hunter " has not yet come*
HENRY WHITING,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
Major General Thos. S, Jesup,
Quarter master General^ U. S. Army,
Washington city^ D. C.
♦
Camp at Camargo, August 24, 1846.
General: I reached here the day before yesterday, having re-
mained at Matamoras until I felt satisfied of the probability of get-
ling in the tame mules I had required of the Mexican authorities.
More than half of them had been brought in, (a fair lot, averaging
about $18,) and there was no doubt the remainder would be in be-
fore the end of the week. Indeed, it soon appeared that the
breeders of mules were glad to have a market opened to them, of
which they could avail themselves without compromising their
loyalty.
As I have already reported, fifteen hundred pack mules are with
the army here, most of them being now gone forward with General
Worth's division to Serralvo, about sixty miles in advance towards
Monterey. They were packed with provisions for that!* temporary
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 679
depot, and return immediately to accompany otiier troops. To-
morrow fifty wagons proceed with another brigade, with stores for
the same places; these also return for more stores.* I had directed
about two hundred mules to be purchased at Reinosa. As I passed
up by there the other day, I found nearly that complement, and
they have been directed hither, in order to supply deficiencies in
the train, &c.
We have camp equipage here now; other small stores, of which
we have been so much in want, are now coming in, though many
of them may be too late for the movement. Wagon bows, tongues,
&c., still remain behind. Horse-shoes will be here in a day or
two. The want of them has caused much anxiety, as the animals
cannot well advance without them. We shall shoe as .we go
along.
HENRY WHITING,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
Major Gen. Thomas S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General^ U. S. Army^
Washington city^ D. C.
Camp at Camargo, Mexico,
August 28, 1846.
General: It is necessary to look ahead if the present operations
are to continue. The means of transportation now with the army
are very inadequate. In the strait to which we were reduced, a re-
sort was had to pack mules of the enemy's country. They answer-
ed a good purpose, and might answer every purpose, provided we
could bring ourselves to make war as the enemy makes it. But
this is probably out of the question. We have customs which
neither the officer nor the soldier will forego, excepting in cases of
extremity. Our camp equipage, so comfortable and yet so cum-
brous, our rations, so full and bulky, all must be transported. We
will soon advance on Monterey with a column of some six thou-
sand men, having some five thousand animals in all. This calcu-
lation embraces the train and pack mules. To provide subsistence
and forage (meaning by the latter only grain, for it is now under-
stood that there is no grass and not much fodder on the way, the
continued heat having parched up every thing) will require large
means of transportation. At least a thousand wagons ought to be
on the route between the Rio Grande and Monterey. We have
now less than two hundred. If the wagons are furnished, (harness,
with them, of course,) the mules can be purchased here at a low
rate. I have notbeen informed what wagons are coming in. Onehnn-
dred are directed to be stopped at the Brazos, where we have mules
(lately purchased) to be put in them. The rest will come up here,
to make up, as rapidly as possible, the required train here.
About one hundred thousand rations of subsistence have been
thrown forward to Serralvo. This has been done by packs and
680 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
wagons, while the troops are coming up. As soon as they arrive,
and the movement begins, these means will nearly all be engaged
by the column, and the throwing forward additional stores to Ser-
ralva or other depots must cease, in a measure, until a new stand
be made, and the means of transportation liberated from, special
purposes.
In speaking of transportation, I should have adverted to that
which is adapted to the two bars at the Brazos and the mouth of
the river. At present, we have only the Cincinnati and a few light
schooners to be relied upon. Even when we have succeeded in re-
establishing a train of a hundred and fifty wagons between those
points, we ought to have at least one more boat of that descrip-
tion, perhaps two, as accidents often happen there. It is all im-
portant that there be at the mouth of the river a sure supply at all
times for the boats plying on the river. I should have instructed
Colonel Hunt on this subject before this, but have been constantly
expecting boats supposed to be suited to that purpose — the Undine
and the iron boats.
HENRY WHITING,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
Maj. Gen. Thomas S.' Jesup,
Quarterviaster General, U. S. Ariny,
Washington city. D. C.
, Camp at Camargo, Mexico,
September 3, 1846.
General: On the 5th, General Taylor leaves this place for Ser-
ralvo. Already most of the regulars are there, or marching thith-
erward. He has succeeded in setting forward some two hundred
thousand rations of subsistence thus far; and when we move a con-
siderable supply will accompany us. Our means of transportation
now consists»of about nineteen hundred hired pack mules and about
one hundred and eighty mule and horse wagons; with these means
the army can attain Monterey, and no doubt Saltillo, If the coun-
try atford an abundance of subsistence for man and beast, we can
continue to get along with them. If, however, this depot has to be
resorted ti) as a main dependence, these means must be greatly in-
creased, as I have already given notice. Our river craft now con-
sists of eight public and eight chartered steamers. This excludes
the Mentoria and Cincinnati, which ply betv/een the Brazos and
the mouth of the Grande. As I shall soon be beyond an immediate
supervision of the river operations, I shall leave instructions with
Captain Crosman (who will remain here) and Captain Ogden (who
will remain at the mouth of the river,) which will govern them in
the absence of Major McRee, who has returned to New Orleans for
more specie. He came up here with fifty thousand dollars a day or
two since, and has returned for one hundred thousand dollars. I
shall probably keep him mostly on this duty. The present number
of boats, after all the troops are up, and particularly if it be found
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 681
that we do not have to rely much upon this depot for supplies for
the interior, will soon be unnecessarily large. Until such a new
condition of things be ascertained, it would be unsafe to make any
change. My instructions are, that when a diminution can safely
be made, a discharge will commence, beginning with the least effi-
cient of the chartered boats.
Fortunately for us, most of the small supplies, of which we have
for some weeks stood in so much need, and the want of which
threatened seriously to embarrass the movement on the interior,
have come in. About ten thousand horse and mule shoes and nails
came in, not in time to enable all the animals to start shod, but to
carry with us shoes enough to shoe them by the way. This is not
as it should have been, but is better than I feared it would be.
"We shall want three times as many more, of which I have advised
Colonel Hunt. I have felt the more secure on this subject all along,
as Captain Hetzel told me that he believed forty thousand had been,
ordered from Pittsburg. Our train will be well set up again with
harness, covers, bows, tongues, tar, &c., but many of the wagons
are old. Three broke down in Captain Sibley's last trip to Ser-
ial vo.
HENRY WHITING,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
Major General Thomas S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General U. S. A.^
Washington city^ D. C.
Camp near Marin, Mexico,
September 16, 1846.
General: The one hundred mule teams which Captain Arnold
has been setting up at the Brazos, will soon be at Camargo, as the
ox teams at the former place, and the water means of transporta-
tion between that and the river, enable Captain Hill to dispense
with them; they will be wanted as soon as we advance from Mon-
terey. Some of the iron boats will be discharged. I have left in-
structions to that effect.
Other wagons, as they reach the Brazos, will be sent up as far
as the mules on hand, and those which come in from New Orleans,
admit.
HENRY WHITING,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
Major General Thomas S. .Jesup,
Quartermaster Geveral U. S. A.j
Washington city, D. C.
682 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Camp near Monterey, Mexico,
Septemher 29, 1&46.
General: After the events which, took place here within the last
week, I directed, with the approbation of the general commanding,
the discharge of all the chartered river boats. Three of them were
chartered by Colonel Hunt for a definite time, which will not ex-
pire for some weeks to come. They, of course, will be exceptions..
This will reduce the craft there about one-third. That is the only
change which the circumstances will authorize. General Taylor
does not regard the suspension of hostile operations in this quarter
as at all affecting preparations for those which may follow its ter-
mination. He wishes a large depot of provisions made here for
some ten thousand men, and our information relative to the re-
sources of this country, acquired since we have been here, con-
vinces us that we must rely mainly for subsistence upon the depots
below. Flour is here enormously high, bearing a price far above
that which it costs to bring it from the United States. The charge
at this time is some sixteen dollars the barrel. In order to make
the deposite here that General Taylor requires, we shall need all
the wagons we are likely to have, and all the mules we can hire.
The eight weeks' allowance by the capitulation, will have to be
diligently employed to fulfil his wishes; and we are going at once
to the work. Forage we will find in the interior.
*^ P. S. October 1. — The foregoing, in the confusion of the day,
was omitted to be sent by the last express. Since then we have
had communication with the governor of New Leon, who has
promised to aid in the collection of corn and pack mules, suited to
the extent of our wants. I have no reason to doubt that our sup-
plies in both respects will be ample. The quantity of subsistence
General Taylor wishes to have placed in depot here as soon as practi-
cable is from four to five hundred thousand rations. We will proba-
bly have about three hundred wagons for the route, and must make
up the rest of the means of transportation with pack mules. The
first arrangement as to mules, made at Camargo early after the
occupation of this place, was the best that could be made at that
time and under the circumstances. I now intend to change the
mode. Thus far we have paid them so much per day, &c. Here-
after I propose to pay them so much the cargo, (three hundred
pounds, a mule load.) The expense will be considerably lessened,
and a new motive applied for diligence on the part of the mule
owners. Still, with all exertions to reduce expenses, they will
necessarily be enormous. I wish this to be understood in advance.
HENRY WHITING,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
Major General Thomas S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General, U. S. A..,
Washington city, D. C.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 68a
Camp near Monterey, Mexico,
October 26*, 1846.
General: We are row diligently employed in filling up the
depot with supplies for movements that may follow a decision to
assume hostilities. Our train, now some three hundred and fifty
strong, is constantly in motion; and we will have two thousand
mules, making at least one trip. I have directed Captain Hill to
send up a train of one hundred wagons as soon as possible to
Matamoras, to await these movements. Our supplies are now
abundant. Corn we can get here in sufficiency.
HENRY WHITING,
Assistant Quartermester General.
or General Thomas S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General U. S. A.^
Washington^ D. C.
Camp near Monterey, Mexico,
JVovernber 5, 1846.
Colonel: As soon as the armistice took place, General Taylor
directed that some four or more hundred thousand rations of sub-
sistence should be placed in deposite here. Immediate measures
were taken to fulfil this order. All the pack mules remaining with
the army were sent down to Camargo, and in due time brought up
about eleven hundred cargoes, (about three hundred pounds each;)
while the train, consisting of about one hundred and fifty wagons,
(a certain number were of course necessary with the troops,) was
despatched by detachments of fifty .to the same place, for the same
object. Captain Arnold left the Brazos with a new train of one
hundred and twenty-five wagons about the 1st of October, and
reached Monterey the beginning of this month. Arrangements were
also made with certain persons to employ pack mules in number to
bring up from Camargo two thousand cargoes. These were in
readiness to go down at any time after five days' notice, but were
held back until it should be known that the cargoes were likely to
be in readiness for transportation. All this has been done with the
knowledge and approbation of the general, and the whole means of
the department have been diligently employed all the time, except
as to the number of pack mules. Double the number could have
been had for the same purpose, had it been deemed advisable to
engage them. But, after consultation with the general and with
the subsistence department, it was thought that proper stores for
packing (only certain articles can be packed to advantage) could
not be had for more than the two thousand.
Before the last instructions from the government rendered it
probable that the armistice would be suspended. General Taylor
deemed it prudent to have the train greatly augmented, in antici-
pation cf movements that would probably follow its termination.
Accordingly, instructions were at once despatched to Matamoras
684 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
to begin the purchase of tame mules; five hundred to be called for
at once from the local authorities, as mules had previously been
called for. This step was only preliminary to calls, to follow each
other as fast as the animals could be obtained, to the extent of our
wants. At the same time, Captain Crosman was directed to make
purchases at Camargo with the same view. Captain Hill had had
standing instructions to set up all the wagons the mules sent out to
him would enable him to do.
I make this statement in order that the department may know
what has been doing to fulfil the calls of the general commanding.
It must be borne in mind that the army and its followers here con-
sume full two hundred thousand rations per month.
HENRY WHITING,
Assistant Quartermaster General. «
Colonel Henry Stanton, •
Assistant Quartermaster General^ U. STA.,
Washington^ D. C.
Camp near Monterey, Mexico,
November 24, 1846.
Colonel: Since my last communication the means of the depart-
ment have been diligently employed in placing supplies within the
reach of consumption. About two thousand mules have lately
brought cargoes from Camargo to this place; that is, one thousand
nine hundred and twenty cargoes, weighing about three hundred
pounds each, have been delivered. The aggregate has been about
five hundred and seventy-five thousand pounds of subsistence; while
thc'Wagons, moving up and down, have brought about the same
quantity of subsistence stores, independent of quartermasters' also
brought up.
We are increasing the number of wagons as fast as possible.
The wagons and the harness are on hand, and the mules are at
hand; but our difficulty is the want of drivers. We pay a large
price for them; yet they are not to be had in sufficient numbers,
and those we do get are, many of them, unsuited to our purposes,
being dissipated and unstable.
It is time some system were adopted which would secure to the
service a corps of good drivers at a proper compensation. In
Florida we paid generally twenty-five dollars per month for drivers,
we pay the same here; still the department is inadequately and
poorly provided in this respect. Details from the army are ob-
jected to, and with good reason. I see but one remedy for this
evil; that is, to have one or two men added to each company of the
army, who shall be enlisted as teamsters or hostlers, alv,'ays liable to
be called on for service with teams or animals. Their pay should be
that 9f artificers. When not wanted for this special service, they
will be soldiers. The cost would be half that we now incur, and
the efl5ciency and certainty would be doubled. Each regiment
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 685
might have a wagon and forage master, with the pay of a quarter-
master sergeant.
The Rio Grande has been reduced to a narrow channel, that
winds through its bed. Many of our public boats are unable to
get up as high as Camargo, and Major McRee reports to me that
he has had to take into service three or four of the small private
boats plying the river.
HENRY WHITING,
Assistant Qvartermaiter General.
Colonel Henry Stanton,
Assistant Quartermaster General , U. S. »/?.,
Washington city^ D. C .
• pAMF NEAR ViLLA GrAND, MeXICO,
Becember 31, 1846.
Colonel: We find corn enough on the route for our animals, and
some fodder; but we lose many from a dysentery that prevails
among them, and carries them off in small numbers every day, in
a few hours. The places of the mules, however, are easily and
cheaply supplied on the route. Proper horses for the batteries are
not to be had, nor for the dragoons. Many of the latter, notwith-
standing all our exertions to keep up the supply, are on foot.
HENRY WHITING,
Assistant Quartermaster General,
Colonel Henry Stanton,
Assistant Quartermaster General ^ U. S. A.,
Washington, D. C.
Camp near Monterey, Mexico,
JYovember 30, 1846.
General: Your letter of the 4th was received by our last ex-
press. I am glad that you are thus far, and hope you will come
further; at least as far as the mouth of the river. I told General
Taylor of your liberal offer to join his head-quarters, if he desired
it. He seemed to appreciate the compliment, but I suppose would
find it even more unpleasant than you to see his former senior sub-
ordinate to him. It would be a great relief to me to have you
here, as the burden which I bear is a heavy one; but I have no
fear of responsibility, and shall at all times be ready to take that
share which belongs to me. I do not think the general imputes
any blame to our department at Washington. He knows very well
that the requisitions are made here, and not there. I infer that he
regards the government as in fault in having crowded such an ad-
ditional force upon him in advance of all means to use them to
advantage. Thousands of troops were at the Brazos before we had
the means of moving them up the river. It is true it may have
686 Ex. DoC. No. 60.
been expected they would move by land; but just at that time the
water rose and flooded the country. Land movements were out of
the question. And it was well known at Washington that wagons
would not, and could not, be at the Brazos until about the 1st of
September, and mules for them not as soon. This I understood as
I passed through that city. The troops may have anticipated even
the government itself. When I left Washington it did not seem
to have been expected that they would move for some weeks then.
Large bodies of them were off, I found, as I passed down the river.
General Wool, as he passed through New Orleans, appropriated to
his column such means of transportation as he deemed necessary.
This may have been a matter of course. The means gathering
there were for his purpose as well as General Taylor's. Still this
army felt the inconvenience of the withdrawal, at the outset of its
intended movements, of some two or three hundred wagons, which
were on their way to the Brazos. Again, more than a thousand
horses and mules which Captain Drum took to San Antonio, through
some misapprehension or the want of instructions, were appropri-
ated to that column, when they were, as I now hear from Major
Thomas, intended for this.
These two causes, without any other, were sufficient to embar-
rass the movements of General Taylor, from the beginning of his
movements to the present time. General Wool has now more
wagon tranportation with his column, of less than three thousand,
than General Taylor has with all his forces. This is not stated as
a complaint. General Wool knew that his march was to be a long
land march.
We have availed ourselves largely of mules; but scarcely any
thing, either subsistence or quartermasters' stores, came to us in a
shape for packing. A troublesome and expensive remodelling of
nearly every package has to take place before it can be put upon
the back of a mule.
We have an abundance of wagons now at the Brazos, and are
setting them up as fast as mules can be had. Colonel Hunt is
shipping the latter. And we are buying largely. There is no dif-
ficulty in getting mules here, as I have often reported. They are
small, but they are cheap. At this time we have with this army
about four hundred and fifty wagons. One thousand would not be
too many for present purposes. We have great difficulty in get-
ting and keeping drivers. The present system should be changed.
I propose that one man, or two at most, be enlisted, as a part of
each company in service, to serve as drivers or hostlers when
needed. They could have the pay of artificers. This would save
one-half of the expense and double the efficiency. They would be
at hand and under control. Whether each regiment should have in
addition a principal teamster, with the pay of quartermaster ser-
geant, might also be considered.
I have not hesitated to make use of the new appointments in all
ways, and have found many of them useful and apt. A captain is
now serving as quartermaster of General Twigg's division. I have
lately given another charge of the quartermaster's department at;
Ex. Doc. No. 60. ' 687
Point Isabel. They have charge of trains, and one is now going
down to look into the clothing depots — Captain O'Hara. I have
had so few regular quartermasters, I could not have got along
without these volunteers.
Whether the depots ought to have been at the mouth of the river
instead of the Brazos, may be a question. I was there but for a
very short time, and have not been able to revisit it. One important
fact is in favor of the Brazos. Loaded vessels, such as come from
any part of the United States, can get in there, and I think (and
Captain Hill thinks, I believe,) that none others should be sent
there. The freight might be doubled, perhaps; still a saving would
be made in the end. Such a course would save much of the light-
ering. Troops then only would come in lai'ge vessels. They are
easily got off.
Our supplies are now ample in all articles, so far as I know. I
must bear witness to the readiness with which Colonel Hunt has
aided me in all my calls; also to the industry and activity of all
the assistants who have had charge of depots. They have all had
hard, very hard duties to perform. When they had the choice, I
had reason to fear they would all leave me. I was surprised they did
not, though much pleased.
Captain Sibley was the only assistant I could bring into the field.
Captain Montgomery joined me some time after the capture of this
place, and has been sick nearly ever since. Captain Arnold joined
me. with a new train, the 2d instant; he is now at Saltillo. Cap-
tain Myers I have directed to report to General Patterson; also
Major McRee, when General P. moves.
I trust you will excuse me if I do not undertake to make the re-
port of the operations of the department here since I have had the
charge of it, while I am under my present burden of duties. The
letters I have written to you from time to time being much in de-
tail in this respect, would probably be the best report I could make.
I will have them copied and sent to you, if you deem it necessary.
Very respectfully, I am, general, your obedient servant,
HENRY WHITING,
Colonel and Assistant Quartermaster General.
Major General Thos. S. Jescjp,
Quartermaster General^ U. S. A.j JVev) Orleans^ La.
Camp near Monterey, Mexico,
December 7, 1846.
General: I have received your letter of the 17th ult. Almost
from the tirst of my coming;- into this country I have felt almost
certain that we could obtain here all the mules we want, whether
for harness or for packing, and consequently have not recommended
the purchase of any in the States. But most if not. all of those you
had purchased there were probably purchased before this fact could
be known; and my object has been to procure only the number
that should be necessary, in addition to those coming ia. We have
688 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
now at the Brazos some 1,200 wagons, with harness. With the
prospect before us, I have deemed it expedient to have most of
them set up, and, even before the instructions to terminate the armis-
tice reached General Taylor, had, with his approbation, sent in-
structions below to increase our train' to 1,000 wagons, having at
that time about 300. I had also instructed Colonel Hunt to for-
ward all the mules he had on hand, while Captain Crosman, Captain
Hill, and Lieutenant Chase, at Matamoras, were all directed to
push the matter with all possible zeal. My reports from below in-
form me that due progress is making in the work. Lieutenant
Chase, who is at point where purchases can be made to the most
advantage, was directed to call on the alcaldes for lots of 500; and
the first lot was fast coming, by the last report. The 2,000 we may
want there can probably be had without much difficulty.
Just before I left that place, in August, I had brought in by these
means about 600 mules. They were all tame; that is, had been
handled for packing or for harness. The owners of course prefer
to sell their wild mules; but we took none at that time, wishing to
avoid the trouble of breaking them. The average price of this
purchase was about $18. At this time we may probably be obliged
to pay a little more for tame mules, as we employ a great many
for packing.
I have at this time between this and Camargo over 2,000 mules,
which bring up by the cargo, (300 lbs.) It is to be delivered safe,
the dangers from the enemy only excepted. As I have already re-
ported, nearly 2,000 cargoes have been delivered here in this way
since the surrender, and more than 2,000 are now drawn for the
same purpose.
In making the movement now in contemplation on Victoria, we
shall avail ourselves of the same means — much to the rel ef of our
wagon train. There are now in store here more than 400 cargoes
of flour, in order for packing. That number will accompany us on
mules; thus saving some sixty wagons, which can be left on this
route. As we move down, our wagons can be increased from Mata-
moras.
Your suggestion as to Victoria has already been acted on. Di-
rections have been sent below to have the inlets of the coast ex-
amined, with a view to supply the column there by a shorter route
than by Matamoras.
I am much obliged to you for your memorandum, and will have
a copy of it made for Captain Sibley, who will go down with me.
"We have lacked forges, but a supply is now at Camargo, I hear.
Indeed, at present the department has an abundant supply of every
thing, so far as I am aware, excepting running wagons. Every
thing that comes from the north, or New Orleans, is at the depots
in ample quantity. The clothing supply, too, is now on the way
from Camargo.
It is a great relief to my mind to be able to observe this state of
things.
One cause of complaint, for a time, was the mail arrangement, and
complaints seemed to be narrowed down to that point. Even that,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 689
I believe, is now removed. By the directions of General Taylor,
post office agents have been placed at each depot, to which all let-
ters are sent, paid and unpaidj the postage being collected and
sent back.
HENRY WHITING,
Colonel and Assistant Quartermaster General.
To Major General T. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General^ JYew Orleans.
f-
New Orleans, June 23, 1846.
General: I received this morning from the head quarters army
of occupation an extract from a communication from the command-
ing general to the adjutant general of the army, dated 17th instant,
a copy of which I have the honor to enclose herewith; and it being
too late for the mail to-day for me to report in regard to the mat-
ters touched upon, I vrould remark now that I can, I think, show
to you that no remissness has taken place on my part. I have done
as much as any other man could have done to meet all the wants
of the army, so far as I have been made acquainted with them and
I had the means.
The demands on me for money in many ways are so great, and
the probability being that they will continue greater, I am, from
necessity, forced to say that I must have more funds than the two
hundred thousand dollars, of which I received your advice two or
tJiree days ago, (but not received the money,) and the balance on
my estimate for June, one hundred and eleven thousand dollars;
and I would most respectfully ask for a remittance of three hun-
dred thousand dollars on account of Mexican hostilities.
I wrote to you on the 11th of May, in regard to camp and gar-
rison equipage, and subsequently of knapsacks, &c., but I am not
advised that any order has been given on the subject. I have had
a great many made here, and have supplied about ninety-six com-
panies. I am now having put up for the army of occupation, and
will ship in a few days, a supply of camp and garrison equipage,
knapsacks, haversacks, and canteens for about three thousand men.
This may cramp me some, should volunteers arrive within a few
days unprovided.
THOS. F. HUNT,
Deputy Quartermaster General.
To Major Gen. Thos. S. Jesup,
Washington city.
[Extract from "communication,'" &c., above referred to.]
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
MatamoraSy June, 17, 1846.
Sir: I deem it proper to repprt that no advices have been re-
ceived from general head-quarters since the 10th instantj "general
44
690 Ex. Doc. No. 60. .
orders" No. 13, and ''special orders" No, 45, both of May 26,
being received on that day. Our dates from the north are some
days later through the newspapers. No steamboats have been sent
out from New Orleans for the navigation of the Rio Grande; and,
in the absence of all information on that point, or respecting the
views of the government, I am altogether in the dark as to our fu-
ture operations. I must think that orders have been given, by su-
perior authority, to suspend the forwarding of means of transport-
ation from New Orleans. I cannot otherwise account for the ex-
traordinary delay shown by the quartermaster's department in that
city. Even the mails, containing, probably, important despatches
from the government, are not expedited.
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen.., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army.,
Washington^ D. C.
New Orleans, July 4, 1846.
General: I had the honor to report to you, on the 11th ultimo,
that I had purchased the steamboats Undine, ($13,000,) and Troy,
($6,000,) and I now have the honor to say, that since that time, I
have purchased steamboats, as follows:
The J. E. Roberts, for $9,000, on the 13th of June; paid for the
26th.
The Brownsville, for $9,000, on the loth of June; paid for the
20th.
The steam-schooner (propeller) James Cage, for $18,000, onthe
19th of June; paid for June 29.
The Hatchee Eagle, on the 1st instant— paid for 2d— for $5,000.
All, except the last named, have been despatched, viz: the Troy
on the 14th ultimo; (she was at Galveston about the 22d, detained
on account of bad weather;) J. E. Roberts on the 25th ultimo; the
Brownsville on the 25th ultimo; the James Cage on the 1st instant;
and the Undine on the 2d instant. The Undine and James Cage
I had coppered, and I had a good deal of other work — reducing
cabin, making alterations and additions, and other work — to fit
them for the run by sea, &c.
The Troy, J. E. Roberts, and Brownsville are light draught, and
calculated, mostly, for the Rio Grande; and so is the Hatchee
Eagle, now in dock to be caulked, and undergoing other repairs,
&c.
The James Cage is a good sea boat, and will serve very well as
a lighter for vessels at sea, and other sea serviee.
The Undine is light draught. I have despatched her to Port
La Vaca, temporarily for service, should Captain Irwin not be able
to get along without her. I adopted this course because I have
understood that some 200,000 rations were to be sent from the north
to that place; and, not knowing the draught of the vessels that
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 691
may have taken them, I was apprehensive that they could not enter
Matagorda bay, and consequently would have to be lightered
at sea; which, by the way, would be very troublesome and labo-
rious, and would be attended with much risk. The distance from
the entrance to Matagorda bay (Pass Caballo) to Port L3. Vaca, is
25 or 30 miles. I expect, when I am better informed, as I presume
I shall be when 1 hear from Captain Irwin, to have the Undine
relieved by another boat — the Hatchee Eagle, perhaps.
Besides the above named, I have chartered steamboats, as fol-
lows, viz:
The Big Hatchee, which departed from Brazos Santiago on the
10th of June. She was at Galveston about the 22d, detained by
bad weather. The charter is conditioned that she will answer our
purposes; and the test is to be, that she will take 100 tons of freight
up the river to Matamoras, provided there be 3| feet water in the
river. The compensation is to be $135^- per day, and we to find
her fuel. No per diem is allowed for going down; but if she enter
our service, and serve, she is to be paid $1,000 as reimbursement of
of expenses, &c., in going down.
The Warren, which departed on the 27th ultimo. Her service
commences when she is reported in good order and condition to
the quartermaster at Brazos Santiago. She is to get $125 per day,
we to find her fuel — chartered for three months. We are to pay
$1,000 as reimbursement of expenses in getting her. down; no per
diem for which is yet allowed. '
The Exchange departed yesterday. Same terms, &c., as the
Warren, except that her charter is for four months.
The W. N. Mercer, to leave to-morrow if the weather permit.
Agreement the same as for the Warren.
I have received advices from Captain Sanders of his having pur-
chased two boats, to be delivered to me h re: the Rough and
Ready, for $12,000, and the Whiteville, for $5,500. I hope he will
make no more engagements, because T think we now have enough.
I shall, however, have information from Colonel Whiting by the
next arrival from Brazos Santiago, and may be better informed.
We had a very severe gale of wind from yesterday afternoon until
this morning, and 1 fear we shall have information of disasters to
our .steamers and other vessels.
THOS. F. HUNT,
Deputy Quartermaster General.
Major General Thomas S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General, Washington city.
[Extract.]
New Orleans, July 22, 1846.
General: Three of the steamboats purchased by Captain Sanders
have arrived, and been received. One has been paid for, and the
692 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
other two not. The late owners or their agents are waiting im-
patiently for their money.
THOS. E. HUNT,
Deputy Quartermaster' General.
Major General Thos. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General^ Washington city.
[Extract.]
New Orleans, July 26, 1846.
General: No exertions have been spared by me to meet all the
•wants of the service, so far as depends on me, and none shall be
snared. I do not apprehend any embarrassment in the quarter-
master's department, if we only have the money. Very few wagons
can be purchased here; but I understand a large number (some 200
or 300) may be expected from the Ohio, &c. General Wool so in-
formed me. I have received 57 ox wagons and 24 horse wagons.
THOS. F. HUNT,
Deputy Quartermaster General.
Major General Thos. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General ^ Washington city.
[Extract.]
New Orleans, Jlugust 23, 1846.
General: In regard to horses and mules, I have to remark that
I have shipped of the former for Brazos island upwards of 200, and
of the latter very few; and for La Vaca about 100 horses, and some-
thing more than 800 mules. In a few days I shall ship horses re-
ceived from up the river, and also some that I have purchased for
Brazos island; and also mules and horses for La Vaca — perhaps in
the course of the week from five hundred to a thousand.
THOS. F. HUNT,
Deputy Quartermaster General.
Major General Thos. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General ^ Washington city.
[Extract.]
New Orleans, September 6, 1846. '
General: As soon as I possibly can have them prepared, all the
reports required by the regulations, now due from me, shall be made
out and transmitted; and I would remark that I have discharged
with fidelity and unceasing perseverance, and I trust with credit to
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 693
the department, immense and almost overpowering duties for at
least iour months past. No single officer, of the army would or
could have done what I have; and I fear no scrutiny, however
searching or minute, into my conduct. I shall most assuredly de-
mand and court an investigation.
THOS. F. HUNT,
Deputy Quartermaster General.
JMajor General Thos. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General^ Washington city.
[Extract.]
New Orleans, October 8, 1846.
General: Not having wagons here for any portion of a train,
and very few being to be purchased, and having understood from
Colonel March, arrived on the 6th from St. Louis, that Lieutenant
Colonel Mackay had received a good many which he had no use
for, I wrote to the colonel in regard to them. (Herewith is a copy
of my letter.) You will perceive, too, that I requested him to have
horse and mule shoes made and sent to me. I am now having made
at this place 15,000 mule-shoes, at 18 cents per pound, and 10,000
horse-shoes, at 16 cents per pound. How soon they will be done
I cannot say. The undertakers said they would make from 300 to
500 per day. I have shipped a good many to both armies since the
date of yours in regard to the want of them. As soon as requisi-
tions were made on me for them, I did all I could to have them,
made; but the progress was slow compared with the wants of the
service.
THOS. F. HUNT,
Deputy Quartermaster General.
Major General Thos. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General^ Washington city.
New Orleans, October 10, 1846.
General : Owing to the greater facility of getting transportation
here for Brazos and La Vaca, as also for getting forage, and con-
sidering the small charge for bringing the animals here, I have
concluded to have all the mules, wagons, &c., now at Blakely,
transported to this place, where, besides the other advantages, I
can have them ready, at a very short notice, for embarkation. The
transportation is for each animal $4, and for each wagon $5.
THOS. F. HUNT,
Deputy Quartermaster General.
Major General Thos. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General^ Washington city.
694 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
New Orleans, Octoh£r 11, 1846.
General : The uncertainty of getting transportation at Mobile,
and the higher rates that would have to be paid for it for the mules
from Blakeley to Brazos Santiago, in the event of their being sent
to that place, and the probable greater cost of forage, have induced
me to decide to have the whole brought to this place, which I have
made arrangements for, having given Captain Toulmin, assistajit
quartermaster, the necessary instructions yesterday. (See herewith
a copy of my letter.) In shipping animals I have availed f-f the
transports to send other stores at the same time, which could not
be done at Mobile. Here every thing will be under my own imme-
diate direction, and a movement can be made with greater facility.
THOS. F. HUNT, :t-.
Deputy Assistant Quartermaster.
To Major General Thomas S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General, Washington city.
New Orleans, October 26, 1846.
Colonel : In my report of July 4, in regard to steamboats, I
noted the chartering of the W. N. Mercer for three months; she left
this place for Brazos Santiago on the 6th of that month.
The steamer Samuel M. Williams I chartered for service at La
Vaca, &c., as a lighter, on the 11th July; she was then at Galves-
ton or neighborhood, and proceeded thence to La Vaca.
These two boats, as well as others which I chartered for a time
and sent to the Rio Grande, as reported July 4, have, I presume,
been regularly reported by the officers of the department under
whose direction they have been serving.
The United States steamer Hatchee Eagle, reported on the 4th
of July, as purchased on the 1st for $5,000, was despatched hence
for Brazos Santiago, July 20, after having undergone repairs, alter-
ations, &c.
I purchased, July 15, for $12,000, the steamer Mentoria, a steam
wheel boat without guard, light draught, and well calculated as a
lighter on the bars. I had her much strengthened, coppered, and
despatched her for the Brazos Santiago on the 11th of August.
I purchased, July 13, the steamship Telegraph, which had just
performed service under a charter of $7,000, and in the completing
of which demurrage accrued at Mobile, in consequence of delay,'
&c., with volunteers, to the amount of $7,508 33, making $14,508 33,
which amount was deducted from the sum of $25,000 that I paid on
the 27th of July, the actual cost of the ship being $10,491 67. This
vessel has not been transferred to any other point; she belongs to
this station. She has performed three trips since she was purchased,
two to La Vaca and one to Brazos Santiago, which services were
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 695
worth more than the $10,491 67 and expenses, so that she has more
than cleared herself.
The following named steamboats, bargained for by Captain J.
Sanders, corps of engineers, around here, were received and paid
for by me and despatched to Brazos Santiago:
The Whiteville, arrived July 8, paid for July 10, $5,500, and des-
patched July 20.
The Rough and Ready, arrived July 18, paid for July 27, $12,000,
and despatched July 28.
The Colonel Cross, arrived July 24, paid for July 28, $14,000,
and despatched August 6.
■ The Corvette, arrived July 16, paid for July 27, $16,000, and
despatched Aug\ist 6.
The Major Brown, arrived August 11, paid for September 3,
$12,600, and despatched September 5.
The steamboats, therefore, despatched by me to Brazos Santiago,
for service there and on the Rio Grande, were as follows:
The Troy, purchased. — See my report of July 4.
The J. E. Roberts, purchased. — See same report.
The Brownsville, purchased. — See same report.
The Hatchee Eagle, purchased.
The Big Hatchee, chartered. — See same report.
The Warren, chartered. — See same report.
The Exchange, chartered. — See same report.
The W. N. Mercer, chartered. — See same report.
The Mentoria, purchased.
The Whiteville, bargained for by Captain J. Sanders.
The Rough and Ready, • do do.
The Colonel Cross, do do.
The Corvette, do do.
The Major Brown, do do.
These public boats are on the Rio Grande, &c.
The United States steamboat Undine is at La Vaca, as is the
chartered boat Samuel M. Williams.
The steam-schooner (propeller) James Cage and the steamship
Telegraph belong to and are now at this station.
The United States barque Robert Morris belongs to this station,
though now absent at Brazos Santiago.
The United States steamship Neptune is now here, having sprung
a leak and injured machinery in a gale of wind; she must go into
dock, and will perhaps do so to-morrow. She ran from off Brazos
island into Galveston; her captain chartered a vessel to take her
cargo down, and she came to this port for repairs.
The steam-schooner James Cage departed hence for Brazos July
1, met with a gale of wind, put back in distress, was repaired, and
again started September 25. Her piston-rod broke at sea, and
again she came back in distress; she was repaired, and started the
third time 13th instant; the piston-rod again broke before she got
to the mouth of the river; she came back, and is now being repaired.
I think she will go safe the next time.
696 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
The United States steam-barque (propeller) Edith is now here
also. ^
THOS. F. HUNT,
Deputy Quartermaster General.
Colonel Henry Stanton,
Jicting Quartermaster General^ Washington^ D. C.
New Orleans, December 9, l846.
Colonel: Understanding that the quartermaster general had
"written to you in relation to light draught schooners, I did not re-
ply to your letter of the 19th of October, received on the 28th;
and now I do so, because of what I believe to be so much to the
public interest. I have all along known that they were the most
useful kind of vessels we could have, and have in every case availed
of them where it was practicable, by chartering, and shipping at a
contract rate per barrel, &c. This mode, I thought preferable to
owning them, as the very great risk was avoided, as also the ex-
pense of repairs consequent on wear and tear, and injury in other
respects. It is now, and has before been at sundry times, very
difficult to obtain by hiring, or on freight, the kind of vessels we
ought to have; and I am constrained to express it as my decided
opinion that we ought to have vessels capable of carrying, at least,
each the bulk of 800 to 1,500 or more barrels, upon not exceeding
7 or 7| feet water. They should be well found in every respect,
and strongly built, with a good deal of deck room. It does not
matter a great deal whether coppered or not, as, if coppered, the
copper is apt to be rubbed off in passing shoal places, and worms
are the result; if not coppered, a good coat of verdigris every two
months, or such time, is a tolerable protection against them, par-
ticularly if running into fresh water occasionally, as would be the
case when coming here. I do not hesitate to say that we ought to
own at least twenty or more of this class of vessels. We may
pick up a few here, but very few, such as we should own; and I
would most respectfully recommend that at least twenty be pur-
chased and sent out without loss of time. We must have them,
either by hiring or owning; and if they cannot be had, we will be
compelled to take up larger vessels, and run the chances of light-
ering at sea, which is attended with great risk, loss of time, and
expense. I have recently purchased two light draught vessels, one
of which is now gone to Tampico, and the other I have sent to the
mouth of the Rio Grande, to serve as a lighter there, and at Brazos
island. That which has gone to Tampico (the H. Long, a schooner)
cost $4,000; and the other, the schooner Belle, cost $3,000. Ves-
sels drawing 4, 4|, and 5 feet water loaded, would be very useful
on the bars. In speaking of light draught vessels, I mean them as
transports for stores; for troops a much larger class of sail vessels,
or steamers, must be availed of.
I shall not fail to purchase all the light draught vessels — sail, I
mean — that I can obtain of a suitable kind, provided they can be
Ex. Doc. No. 60. . 697
had on fair terras, and trust that my course will be approved; in-
deed, I have already the quartermaster general's verbal authority
to do so.
THOS. F. HUNT,
Deputy Quartermaster General.
Col. Henry Stanton,
Acting Quartermaster General,
Washington City.
Fort Polk, May 15, 1846.
Sir: The entrance of this harbor, called the Brazos de Santiago,
is about nine miles north of the Rio Grande. The depth of water
on the bar is usually 8 feet — frequently 8^^ to 9 feet. The anchor-
age is a short distance inside the bar, and within musket shot of
Brazos island on the south. At this point all pur'transports have
to be lightered, and mostofthem unloaded, and the cargoes brought
up to the depot, or Point Isabel, a distance of about four miles.
Since we have been here, I have employed the United States
steamers Monmouth and Neva, and the hired steamer Cincinnati,
on this duty; added to which, the Monmouth and Cincinnati have
made several trips to San Joseph's island for stores, and the Mon-
mouth one as far as Galveston. The United States steamer "Colo-
nel Long" was ordered down by Colonel Cross; but she did not ar-
rive until after his death. A few days after her arrival, she became
leaky; and, upon an examination of her, it is found that she is so
thoroughly worm-eaten as to be of no use, without being hauled
out and new planked. How she got here from Aransas is astonish-
ing. She is a very weak boat; and when in her best days, the trip
to Aransas in safety was considered doubtful. ^ It is impossible to
send her to New Orleans in her present condition; and I expect I
shall be compelled to take out her engine, and send it to New Or-
leans. The hull can be used for storing coal, which is not injured
by water. It is not worth the expense of building ways at this
place, even if she could be repaired and placed on the Rio Grande.
She would not answer, being too long for so narrow and crooked a
river.
The steamer Neva is much worm-eaten; but if she is sent into
the Rio Grande in a few days, as is contemplated, she may be pre-
served. If these boats had been coppered previous to being sent
out, they would both have been in good condition now.
If we get and keep possession of the Rio Grande, it will be ne-
cessary to have one or two good river boats of moderate size.
These need not be coppered, if used altogether in the river; but as
we may be compelled to make use of the Brazos Santiago and this
point as a depot, I think it will be best, as a matter of precaution,
to have them coppered.
CII. THOMAS,
Major and Quartermaster.
Major General Tiios. S. Jesup,
^ Quartermaster General^ Washington City.
698 . Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Fort Polk, May 18, 1846.
Sir: Yesterday I sent the steamer Neva into the Rio Grande, by
order of General Taylor, commanding. She had been leaking badly
previous to her getting into the river, caused by the worms, which
have got into her during her long service in the salt water entirely,
and it is doubtful whether she can be preserved for service. Ex-
perienced captains of vessels inform me that when a vessel, in
which the worms have got much, is placed in fresh water, they be-
come more active, and endeavor to eat their way through the plank-
ing. If they succeed in doing this before they are killed by the
fresh water, the vessel is frequently lost. A few da\ s will deter-
mine the question.
General Taylor has directed me to procure a suitable boat for the
Rio Grande, and I have written to Lieutenant Colonel Hunt to pur-
chase and send one out, of the following dimensions, &c., viz: a
good substantial river boat, from 125 to 135 feet in length, with two
engines, so as to be able to turn with ease, as the river is both nar-
row ami crooked, with short turns; to draw not over 4| feet with a
full load; to be coppered, inasmuch as we may have to use her in
salt water. It is bad economy to send an uncoppered boat into
these waters, as one season will destroy a perfectly new boat.
If the Neva is preserved, 1 think that the boat sent for will be
sufficient for all our purposes; but if she should prove to be too
much worm-eaten, I shall be compelled to send to Lieutenant Col-
onel Hunt for another boat similar to the one which I have requir-
ed of him.
CHAS. THOMAS,
Major and (Quartermaster.
Major General Thos. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General^ Washington city.
Fort Polk, May 18, 1846.
Sir: Finding it impossible to repair the United States steamer
"Colonel Long" so as to render her serviceable, or even safe to
send her to New Orleans, I have had her engine carefully taken
out and packed, ready to send to New Orleans, where it can be
sold, or a new boat built for it. I would recommend that the lat-
ter be done, as it is a fine engine, and in a good state of preserva-
tion, and will last many years.
I have had every thing preserved, and nothing will be required
but the hull, which might be built and coppered, with every thing
complete, for about $6,000. The boat should not exceed 130 feet
in length, with sufficient breadth of beam to carry 1,000 barrels on
4 feet draught of water.
CHAS. THOMAS,
Major and Quartermaster.
Major General Thos. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General^ Washington city.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 699
. [Extract.]
Fort Polk, May 18, 1846.
Sir: So many troops have been ordered to reinforce the army
now here, that I apprehend we shall not have sufficient land trans-
portation, if, as I understand is the case, the general takes the field
on the south side of the Rio Grande. I have therefore required of
Lieutenant Colonel Hunt fifty mule wagons and twenty ox wagons,
with harness, yokes, &c., complete.
The number of volunteers which have been ordered here has ex-
hausted the requisition of General Taylor;
CHAS. THOMAS,
Major and Quartermaster,
Major General Thos. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster Geiieral^ Washington city.
Brazos Santiago, June 24, 1846.
Sir: I have to report the total loss of the United States steamer
Colonel Harney, which was wrecked during the night of the 22d
instant, while coming in over the bar at this place.
About noon of the 22d she was ordered out by Captain J. M.
Hill, assistant quartermaster, to bring in volunteers from the barque
Chapin, lying otf the harbor. After taking on board a number, the
captain of her (Wood) started to come in. On coming over the
outer bar her captain reports that she struck, and that he was unable
to get her into the right channel again before dark. During the
night she drifted into the breakers, and by morning she was hard
aground and bilged.
Towards evening on the 22d it was perceived, from the landing
at this place, that she was rubbing hard, but no apprehension of
injury even was entertained, as far as I can learn, by the many cap-
tains of vessels in the harbor, especially as no signal was noticed
indicating that she wanted assistance.
During the night Captain Wood sent in a small boat; but instead
of reporting to Captain Hill or myself, both of whom were on the
island, that he was in a dangerous situation and needed assistance,
he entirely neglected it, and sent to the United States schooner
Hunt merely for a larger yawl and an anchor.
I w^as not aware that the Harney was in any danger until after 6
o'clock the morning of the 23d, at which time I received a message
from Captain Wood. I immediately sent for the steamer Monmouth
to go to his assistance; but before she could get to the bar (she
being at the time at Point Isabel) it was too late to render any as-
sistance in getting afloat. The crew and troops were all saved, but
the bar has been so rough since the accident that I apprehend little
else will be saved, except what may drift ashore.
CHAS. THOMAS,
Major and Quartermaster.
Major General Tiios. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General^ Washington city.
700 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
[Extract.]
San Antonio de Bexar, October 11, 1846.
Sir: I have the honor to report that Captain Drum, assistant
quartermaster, arrived here a fev?- days ago in charge of a large
drove of horses and mules, which he brought by land from a point
on the Mississippi near Natchez. The mules arrived in good con-
dition, and may be considered as a very good lot, with but few ex-
ceptions. The horses, taken as a whole, are rather an inferior lot
of animals, many of them entirely broken down and unfit for ser-
vice. On their arrival I applied for an inspection of them, and
Colonel Churchill condenined fifty horses and eight mules. These
I have directed to be sold at public auction.
CHS. THOMAS,
Major and Quartermaster.
To Major General Th. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General, Washington city. >
[Extract.]
Camp near Monclova, Mexico,
JYovember 4, 1846.
Sir: Since writing you on tlie 2d instant I received your in-
structions to Captain Drum relative to the disposition of the horses
and mules which he brought out and delivered at San Antonio on
the 8th ultimo, supposing they were intended for the use of Gen-
eral Wool's division of the army. Captain Drum having no orders
except to deliver them at that point, I at once appropriated them
to that service. I reported this on the 11th ultimo, stating the
condition ef the animals. Since the receipt of your instructions as
to their proper destination, I submitted them to General Wool,
who says that he approves of the disposition I made of them, and
at present their destination cannot be changed. I think it well
that the horses particularly were stopped at Srin Antonio, as I
think if they had been continued on to Camargo they would have
been entirely broken down.
CHS. THOMAS,
Major and Quartermaster.
To Major General Thos. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General, Washington city.
Savannah, Ga., Friday, June 26, 1846.
General: I have the honor to report my arrival at this place
last evening, accompanied by Mr. Lamar and Mr. Griffin. By ap-
pointment I met Mr. Lamar this morning at 11, who informed me
that, contrary to his expectations, the De Rossett was not in town,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 701
but that he had sent for her, and that he would have her ready for
inspection to-morrow morning (Saturday) at 10.
I called on Mr. Goodwin also. He showed me the Chatham.
She is now undergoing some alterations, (lowering her boilers,)
which I consider for our service and advantage. He will have her
ready for inspection on Monday. The Mary Summers is not in
town, but will be down to-morrow. The John llandolph does not
belong to the steamboat company. She appears to be not so large
as the Chatham, I should judge from just a passing view as she lay
in the river. I shall make more minute inquiries regarding her
to-morrow.
In passing through Charleston I called upon Colonel Gadsden,
who very kindly offered any advice or assistance which he could
give me.
If the De Rossett, on examination, should prove such as she is
represented to be, I should like, with your approbation, to raise
her furnace bars, for the purpose of trying her with coal. The al-
teration will not require more than two days, and at a trifling ex-
pense. I make the request because, if I understood you aright, she
was to be altered to burn coal on her arrival at New Orleans, in
which case it would be, in my opinion, more desirable to make the
alteration here, which can be readily done, and send her round
with coal, than with wood. It would be more safe, and render
unnecessary any stoppage on the route.
If necessary I shall communicate with you daily, informing you
of my progress and asking for instructions.
HENRY C. WAYNE,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster.
Major General Thos. S. Jesup,
Washington.
[Extract.]
V.
Savannah, Ga., Jime 30, 1846.
General : From all the information I have been able to get, and
from my own observation, I find all of the iron steamboats on the
river, which the exception of the Randolph and the Lamar, to be,
in their present condition, totally unfit for efficient service. The
Randolph and the Lamar are, I think, out of the question, the di-
rectors of the Iron Steamboat Company, to which they belong, de-
clining to sell them; or should they agree to sell, a price would be
asked which the government ought not to pay, as it would not be
the absolute value of the boats, but their value to the company,
very much enhanced by the withdrawal of the De Rossett from the
trade and the breaking up of the Georgia Steamboat Company.
HENRY C. WAYNE,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster.
Major General Thos. S. Jesup,
Washington,
702 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Savannah, Ga., July 15, 1846,
General: I have the honor to acknowledge your letter of the
5tli instant, which reached me on the lOth. I immediately com-
menced a negotiation with Mr. Goodwin, president of the Georgia
Steamboat Company, for the steamer Mary Summers. His indis-
position delayed a final agreement until yesterday, when he notified
me of the acceptance of the company of ray offer of twenty thou-
sand dollars, with the condition that he shall have her hauled up,
and that her hull, on examination, shall be found sound and ser-
viceable.
The other boat referred to in ray letter of the 30th ultimo was
the Chatham; but her trial satisfied me that her boiler could not be
altered to burn coal, and that it would be only with the best
quality of light wood that steam could be made on her advantage-
ously. This, together, with my instructions in regard to the De
Rossett, determined me not to offer for her.
I have already entered upon my arrangements for overhauling
and repairing the Mary Summers, and hope to have them fully
determined by to-morrow noon, and commenced immediately there-
after. They will be carried on under the care of Captain F. Peck,
well known to yourself and the department, and to whom I shall
give the command of her when ready for sea,
HENRY C, WAYNE,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster.
Major General Thos. S. Jesup, Washington.
[Extract.]
Savannah, Ga,, July 27, 1846.
General: I have the honor to acknowledge your letter of the
21st instant; and, in accordance with its instructions, have ordered
the additional eighteen wagons mentioned in ray letter of the 24th.
The whole thirty-six, together with complete sets of harness, will
be ready for shipment by the De Rossett and Mary Summers.
HENRY C, WAYNE,
Coptain and Assistant Quartermaster.
Major General Thos. S. Jesup, Washington.
\
Columbus, Ga., August 13, 1846.
General: I have the honor to report ray return to this place
last night, and to acknowledge the recept of your letters of the 3d
and 6th instant. I had previously made my arrangements to pur-
chase, and sent out five men from Macon to drive through the
country towards Columbus, and issued handbills appointing certain
Ex. Doc. No. 60. - 703
places and tunes for meeting those disposed to offer stock for
sale.
I found this morning that Captain Howard had returned last
night, ordered back by Lieutenant Colonel Hunt. I shall send him
out with another party, and have already directed him to issue
handbills to-day in his own name.
HENRY C. WAYNE,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster.
Major General Thos. S. Jesup, Washington.
I
Macon, XJa., August 17, 1846.
General: My last was from Columbus, dated the 13th instant.
I have now the honor to report my arrival here yesterday
evening.
Captain Howard was to have left Columbus yesterday morning,
have issued his handbills, and completed his arrangements. Aided
and assisted by his father's knowledge of the country, I have
reason to believe that he will do well. His Orders are to purchase
50 wagons and 400 mules, and to report to me every two or three
days the result of his operations.
My agent here has engaged 110 good, strong, well broke mules.
I have given him orders to collect them to-day and to morrow, and
on Wednesday I shall start with them direct for South Alabama.
Agents will precede me to look up, and bring in to certain points
in my road, such stock as will answer our purposes. I shall pro-
bably accompany the drove as far as Montgomery, whence I shall
despatch it under careful drivers to Mobile. A trusty agent will
accompany iv,, to buy up long the road whatever he finds that will
suit us.
Captain Howard is to meet me with his purchases at Columbus
en the 28th instant, and by the 30th I hope to have him on the
road to Mobile.
The ],rospects are pretty good, and I expect to be able to com-
ply with your wishes. My advices from South Alabama are con-
firmatory of the information you received. I have ordered Captain
Howard, and all of my agents, to deal directly with the planters,
and to refuse in all cases the intervention of a third party. By
this I hope to prevent speculation, and consequently to purchase
at reasonable rates. It is an arrangement, besides, more satisfac-
tory to the planters themselves.
HENRY C. WAYNE,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster.
Major General Thos. S. Jesup, Washington .
704 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
[Extract.]
Macon, Ga., August 20, 1846.
General: I have the honor to acknowledge your letters of the
lOth and 11th instant, referring to the shafts and crank-wheel of
the De Rossett.
My departure from this place has been delayed a day, as I found
myself in a better market than I had anticipated. To-morrow I
shall, at day-break, put on the road to Mobile, passing through
South Alabama, a drove of three hundred mules and sixteen
wagons, which have been selected from eight or nine hundred
offered, and I hope to be able to get at least six hundred on my
way through. The prospects seem better every day, and my ad-
vices lead me to suppose that we shall find in Alabama even a better
market than we have had here.
I had yesterday a letter from Mr. Griffin. The work on both
the Summers and De Rossett was going on well, though somewhat
interrupted by the rains, which still continue.
HENRY C. WAYNE, ♦
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster.
Major General Thos, S. Jesup, WasJmigton.
Columbus, Ga., August 28, 1846.
General: I have the honor to acknowledge your letter of the
22d, informing me of the requisition in my favor for $36,000. The
draft has not yet arrived; but on your letter I made arrangements
with one of the banks, by which I can procure what funds I
require.
When I parted with the drove it numbered six horses, twenty-
six wagons, and three hundred and seventy-two mules. My sick-
ness compelled me to stop operations, or I should have increased
the number to six hundred. As it was, I direc ed it to proceed to
Blakely, opposite Mobile, via Montgomery, followihg down the
east side of the Alabama river, as upon inquiry I found that it was
the best, quickesi", and most economical road, having fewer tolls
and ferriages. At Blakely the drove can be shipped as easily and
readily as at Mobile itself.
I heard from Mr. Griffin on the 24th. The work on the Sum-
mers he states was rapidly advancing to completion. He was
about to leave for Charleston, by my order, to carry out your in-
structions as to the shafts and crank-wheel of the De Rossett.
HENRY C. WAYNE,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster U. S. Aimy.
Major General Thos. S. Jesup,
Washinston.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. . 705
Louisville, Kentucky, June 29, 1846.
General: I hnve the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your
letter of the 13th instant, directiiig me to purchase 172 horses for
the 2d dragoons, and 200 mules lor the army of occupation. It
was forwarded to me from Memphis, not having ri?ached that place
•until after I left, which was on the 20th instant. I shall return to
Memphis to-day, for the purpose of fulfilling your instructions.
My first intention was to have purchased them here, but I found,
on inquiry, that in consequence of Captain Heintzelman having
purchased a considerable number in this vicinity, they could not be
obtained on as favorable terms as they can be at Memphis. Many
of those purchased by Captain H. cost as high as 895.
A. R. HETZEL,
Captain and Assistant Qiiarter?naster.
Major General T. S, Jesup,
Quartermaster General^ Washington city. ^
St. Louis, Missouri, July 9, 1846.
General: On my arrival at Memphis from Louisville, I found
that no more horses and mules could be purchased in West Ten-
nessee to advantage than were required to complete the train of
the two mounted regiments from Kentucky and Tennessee. I was
XQaking preparations to purchase those you ordered in your letter
of the I3i,h in Middle and East Tennessee, when General [WoolJ
arrived, and, from infoimation derived from him and from an in-
telligent agent of the department who was with him, (Colonel
March, of Illinois,) I became satisfied they could be obtained at
least 20 per cent, lower in Missouri, Indiana, and Illinois, than,
in any part of Tennessee, and in a much shorter time. General
Wool, therefore, directed me to come to this place and make the
purchase; and in addition to the mules you ordered for the army
of occupation, he has required me to purchase 200 to be sent to
La Vaca. .
A. R. HETZEL,
Captain and. Assistant Quartermaster.
St. Louis, Missouri, July 10, 1846.
General: I have the honor to enclose herewith a duplicate of a
letter mailed to your address yesterday. I find that I was not mis-
taken in saying that the horses and mules could be purchased here
20 per cent, lovv-er than in Kenti-cky or Tennessee. The horses
I have already bought average less than $60, and the mules just
$60. I am assisted by Colonel March, of Illinois, and Colonels
Gillespie and McEwen, of Tennessee. _ I shall employ subordinate
agents from time to time, as their services become necessary.
A. R. HETZEL,
Captain and Assistajit Quartermaster..
45
706 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
St.' LouiSj Missouri, July 20, 1846.
General: I shall make one shipment of horses and mules to New
Orleans to-day, and another on Wednesday — in all 250. The
horses are nearly all purchased. Mules are scarce, but I am spar-
ing no exertions to obtain them. In the course of two weeks, at
farthest, I hope to complete the purchase of all that have been
ordered.
A. R. HETZEL,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster.
St. Louis, Missouri, July 27, 1846.
General: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your
letters of tiie 17th and 18th instant.
On the 21st I sent 46 mules and 36 horses to Colonel Hunt, and
on the 23d 100 horses and 50 mules. In consequence of there be-
ing no vessels of sufficiently light draught in port, I have made no
shipmfnts since; but to-day I succeeded in getting three vessels to
start on Wednesday and Thursday, by which I shall send the re-
mainder of the horses ordered in your letter of the 13th ult. for
the 2d dragoons, and mules for the army of occupation, together
with the 200 mules and 24 horses ordered by General Wool.
The 600 mules ordered in your^Jetters of the 17th and 18th I am
collecting as rapidly as possible. I hope by the middle of next
week to have completed the purchase, and have them ready for
transportation to the mouth of Red river.
I have two very efficient agents — Colonel March, of Illinois, and
Colonel Gillespie, of Tennessee — men in whom I can repose the
utmost confidence. The former, as soon as the mules are pur-
chased, I shall send to the mouth of Red river to receive them, and
arrange them in droves, with proper drivers, whom I am hiring here.
The latter I shall despatch, as soon as he returns from Hannibal,
where he is now purchasing animals, to Memphis, Vicksburg, and
Natchez, for the purpose of securing all the wagons that can be
purchased.
I apprehend considerable difficulty in obtaining wagons. This
part of the country was exhausted by the demand consequent upon
General Kearny's movement upon Santa Fe.
A. R. HETZEL,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster.
St. Louis, Missouri, July 28, 1846.
General: I have purchased upwards of 750 animals, at an
average cost of from 70 to 80 dollars, including all expenses —
forage, hire of agents, teamsters, &c.
I have purchased a few wagons, and have all the good saddlers
in the place engaged in making harness, halters, &c. Wagons,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 707
as I informed you in my letter of yesterday, are scarce — in fact,
none of any consequence can be obtained here. I shall, however,
procure all that can be purchased at Memphis, Vicksburg, and
Natchez. Any number could be obtained in Middle and East
Tennessee, but the waters of the Cumberland and Tennessee rivers
are not in boating order, and therefore, if purchased there, they
could not'be transported to the Mississippi within any thing like a
reasonable time.
A. R. HETZEL,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster.
St. Louis, Missouri, August 2, 1846.
General: I have the honor to report that on the 30th ult. the
purchase and shipment for New Orleans of the horses and mules
ordered in your letter of the 13th of June, and those ordered by
General Wool, was completed. The whole number shipped from
here amounted to 397 mules and 233 horses. Before leaving
Louisville I wrote to Major Tompkins, and requested him to pur-
chase some mules I heard were in the vicinity of Columbus. He
informed me on the 15th ult. that he had purchased 45, and ex-
pected to obtain 15 more, which he would send to Colonel Hunt.
Even if he did not obtain the 15 mentioned, the order will still
have been more than filled.
On the 31st ult. I sent 9 horses and 91 mules to the mouth of
the Red river in charge of an agent, G. Robinson. I find great
difficulty in obtaining the services of suitable agents to assist me.
Should the mules leave the mouth of Red river on or before the
20th instant, they will reach the Rio Grande certainly before the
Tennessee volunteers, who left Memphis on the 27th ult., and as
soon, if not sooner, than the Kentuckians, who left on the 16th,
as they wall have nearly 200 miles less to travel, and can be driven
farther in one day than the volunteers will march in tw^o.
Unfortunately, Colonel March, to whom I intended to entrust
the general management of the droves, is sick, and Colonel
Gillespie's health is not such as would justify him in taking the
trip. The latter leaves to-morrow morning for Paducah, with
orders to ascend the Tennessee river from 30 to 40 miles, and
purchase all the wagons and mules he can obtain there. It is a
part of the country from which no supplies of any kind have been
drawn for the war as yet ; and no matter how low the water may
be in the Ohio, there is no difficulty in making shipments for
Paducah. Should not the wagons leave New Orleans before the
1st of September, they will still be on the Rio Grande before the
arrival of the mounted volunteers. I shall send an agent to-mor-
row to purchase all that can be procured at Memphis, Vicksburg,
and Natchez, and the country around.
A. R. HETZEL,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster,
708 Ex. Doe. No. 60.
Assistant Quartermaster's Office,
Waskingto7ij D. C , Septeinher 10, 1846.
General: I have the honor to enclose herewith agreements en-
tered into with teamsters and hostlers at St. Louis,, for the purpose
of conducting horses and mules thence to the army of occupation.
A. R. HETZEL,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster.
Assistant Quartermaster's Office,
Washington^ D. C, September 10, 1846.
General: I have the honor to enclose herewith contracts en-
tered into at St. Louis, Missouri, with the masters of the steamers
Sea Bird, Admiral, Prairie Bird, Brunswick, Old Hickory, Co-
rinne, Iowa, and John Aull, for the transportation of horses and
mules from St Louis to New Orleans and the mouth of R.ed river.
m
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster
A. R. HETZEL,
Assistant Quartermaster's Office,
JVew York, ^July 18, 1846.
General: I had the honor to transmit to you from Batavia,
New York, ray report in relation to the wagons offered by Mr.
Tomlinson, of Pembroke.
I received this morning the enclosed estimate, which he had
made at my suggestion. Still I am of the opinion that these
•wagons can be made of no very useful purposes until at depot and
for short routes, when two or three' horses can be used with them.
The alterations proposed will make the price of these wagons
about $118, which I consider reasonable.
D. H. VINTON,
Assistant Quartermaster.
Major General Th. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General U. S. Army, Washington^ D. C.
Assistant Quartermaster's Office,
JYew York, Julp 21, 1846.
General: I have just received your letter of the 20th instant,
and communicated a brief reply by telegraph. Mr. Tomlinson
cannot get ready, at his manufactory, more than 70 wagons within
the period of 30 or 40 days, he having sent 30 of the 100 he men-
tioned in his letter to you to Southport, on Lake Michigan, which,
however, he promises to deliver at Cleveland in time to lake the
canal with those to be sent from Buffalo. Yet 1 am of opinioa
that the Southport wagons cannot undergo the modifications I have
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 709
required upon the others; and unless they do, I would not recora-
mend their purchase. The covers I shall have to "undertake"
at this city, as I find that they cannot pioperly be made in
the country.
A contract, if one be determined on with Mr. Tomlinson, should
be rigorous in its requirements in regard to time, to make him obe-
dient to the condition which may limit the work to be done in 30
days. It is necessary for me to know vrhether it is your interition
that I or Captain Clark shall enter into contracts for the harness.
It should ,have the supervision of some judicious person, as there
is a great difference in the materials used for such articles, and it
is all important that none but the best be sent to Mexico. Harness
for 400 horses, or 100 sets for 100 teams of four horses, can be fab-
ricated, probably, in three weeks, at Newark, New Jersey. A good
pattern should be furnished, both as to the shape and materials;
this, I presume, can be obtained from the ordnance department in
this vicinity, or at Watervliet. Permit me to inquire the number
of sets of harness you -contemplate procuring in this quarter. The
Pembroke wagons should be drawn by two horses, or three at
most. I have stated that it will require 30 days to send the wagons
to New Orleans; this v.'ill depend much upon the state of the Ohio
river, the conductor to accompany them, and the readiness at which
means of transportation can be had at Buffalo; yet, with proper
energy, it can be done in the time given.
D. H. VLNTON,
Assistant Quartermaster.
Major Gen. Th. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General^ Waskingtcn.
New York, Jtily 21, 1846.
General .Jeslp: ?.Tr. Tomlinson asserts that he could get the
wagons ready in 30 days; I think he can get only 70 of them ready
in Buffalo in 40 days. He had no hands, but enough can be ob-
tained in the neighborhood. on short notice. Suitable ready made
wagons cannot be procured in this city or vicinity. The wagons
may be sent by the Cleveland canal to New Orleans, probably, in
30 days. I wrote by mail.
D. H. VINTON.
Assistant Quartermaster's Office,
JWw York, July 25, 1S46.
General: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your
note of yesterday, by telegraph, in relation to the purchase of fifty
wagons of Mr. Tomlinson. I have allowed him 20 days, from the
27th instant, to execute your order, ami I await his reply, which
shall be duly communicated to you when received. I presume it
710 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
is your intention that harness shall be proTided with these wagons;
if so, permit me to request that Captain Clark may be directed to
furnish them from those which may be first fabricated on the con-
tracts he is about to make.
D. H. VINTON,
Assistant Quartermaster.
Major Gen. Th. S. Jesup,
(Quartermaster General^ Washington.
Assistant Quartermaster's Office,
JS''ew York, August 1, 1846.
General: Mr. Tomlinson has agreed to furnish fifty wagons, to
be ready for transportation at Buffalo on or about the 16th instant.
There should be some person at Pembroke to inspect the wagons,
and to see that they conform to the requirements of my letter to
Mr. Tomlinson on the subject, before they are taken to Buffalo.
To the person who may be appointed to this duty, I can recom-
mend a very capable man to act as conductor of the Vy-agons through
the canal and rivers, if he will consent to do so.
^ D. H. VINTON,
Assistant Quartermaster.
Major Gen. Th. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General U. S. A., Washingtoii, D. C.
[telegraph.] Philadelphia, July 20, 1846.
Sir; No wagons or sets of harness are on hand, of those con-
tracted for by Major Tompkins, or his order. 170 wagons, and
the whole number (300) of sets of harness, have been delivered,
and shipped to New Orleans. The remaining 120 wagons will be
ready by the 12th August. Captain Clark contracted, to-day, for
200 additional wagons, to be delivered as follows: August 15th, 20^;
August 25th, 35; September 4th, 35; September 14th, 35; October
4th, 40 — total, 200. He has also contracted for 200 sets of har-
ness, to be delivered, it is presumed, within the same period. Will
reply more at length to-morrow, by mail.
H. BACHE,
Major Topographical Engineers.
General T. S. Jesup, Washington.
[telegraph.] Philadelphia, J«/y 21, 1846.
Sir: The true number of v/agons completed under the old con-
tract is 167; yet to be delivered, 133; of these 18 are called for by
July 31, and 20 by August 2, leaving 95 to be ompleted between
the last date and August 12. The contractors have agreed to fur-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 711
nish the 20 set down for August 1, so to deliver 60 additional ones
by same day, and 20 by August 5, they receiving $5 in addition on
each of the last 80 wagons; no increase of price, they say, would
enable them to do more. 400 additionfil sets of harness can be
furnished within a month; also 150 more, provided the proper twisted
brace chain can be had.
H. BACHE,
Major Topographical Engineers.
General T. S. Jesup, Washingto7i.
Philadelphia, July 21, 1846.
Sir: I have but little to add to my telegraphic despatches of last
evening and this morning.
The clerk in charge oT the papers of the office having left before
the receipt of the department's despatch of yesterday, the number of'
wagons furnished was set down from memory. However, no dis-
crepancy in the two as to the number of these. There was also a
clerical error in stating 120 as the number to be finished; whereas,
as there were 300 in all, it should have been 130. But the true
statement is given in this morning's despatch.
The inducement of $5 in addition on each wagon was offered the
contractors, to meet the views of the department as to time, as con-
tained in its despatch of this morning. These they declared most
emphatically their entire inability to comply with. They were
■willing, however, though not without a good deal of consultation
and some hesitation, to engage themselves to the extent mentioned
in this morning's note, provided they receive the additional sum.
stated. This offer was accepted, trusting that the measure, though
not, in strictness, in conformity with that proposed by the depart-
ment, would be approved. The department may rest assured that,
under the circumstances, the very best arrangement that could be
made has been made. The times of delivery of the 200 sets of har-
ness contracted for by Captain Clark correspond, as heretofore re-
ported, with the deliveries of the 200 wagons contracted for by the
same officer.
It was stated in this m^orning's note that 400 additional sets of
harness could be furnished within a month. Still another hundred
may be added to this number. Were it not for the difficulty of ob-
taining the twisted trace chains, harness to almost any extent could
be got in this city at a month's notice.
H. BACHE,
Major Topographical Engineers.
Maj. Gen. Th. S. Jesup, Washington.
[telegraph.] Philadelphia, July 22, 1849.
Sir: Information is just received which warrants the belief that
712 ^ Ex. Doc. No. 60.
'600 sets of harness can be furnisherl within a month; also 50 sets
more, provided the twist^-d chains can be got.
H. BACHE,
Major Topographical Engineers,
Maj. Gen. T. S. Jesup, Waslmigton.
[telegraph.] Philadelphia, July 22, 1846.
Sir: Your despatch of this date has been received, and the 650
sets of 4-iuule harness are ortlered. It is not probable anything
further can be done in regarl to wagons, as it is supposed the present
contractors have already taken up all the hands. Inquiries willj.
however, be made, and the department advised.
H. BACHE,
Major Topographical Engineers.
Maj. Gen. Th. S. Jesup, Washington.
[telegraph.] . Philadelphia, July 24, 1846.
Sir: The contractors for wagons have just called to say that an *
individual by the name of Thistle, agent of the quartermaster's de-
partment, passed through this city yesterday, after distributing
printed circulars for proposals for building wagons by certain dates,
at $125, (our contracts are for $110,) and that as their sub-contrac-
tors are about to accept them, it will be impossible for them to ful-
fil their contracts. Mr. T., it is said, has left an agent here, and
proceeded on to Troy. I give the account as I received it, and as-
sure the department that if it be correct, not a single additional
■wagon will be obtained by the measure, and yet the higher price
paid.
I have sent for the agent, and beg that I may receive an answer-
to this to communicate to him. The whole ground is already cov-
ered here, and no one should be allowed to interfere in it.
H. BACHE-.
Major Topographical Engineers.
Major Gen. T. S. Jesup, Washington.
Philadelphia, July 30, 1846.
Sir: Three small wheelwright shops have proposed to make
wagons; one, three wagons by September 1, and two more by Oc-
tober 4; another, one v/agon every ten days, to the number of six;
and a third, a wagon every fifteen days. Shall contracts be made
■with them?
Two hundred sets of 4-mule harness, as the least number, can be
furnished within tv/o weeks after the completion of the contracts
i'or 650 sets (August 22) authorizetl by the telegraphic despatch of
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 713
the department of the 22d instant. Shall further contracts be en-
tered into; and if so, for what number and by what time'?
The ship Caledonia Brandon, of 650 tons, is the first vessel for
New Orleans. She sails on the 6th of August, We shall be able
to send about 125 wagons in her. It is the wish of the department
to ship also as many setT of harness as may at that time be finish-
ed; also to ship them hereafter as fast as they are finished, and op-
portunity serves.
H. BACHE,
Major Topographical Engineers.
Jtlaj. Gen. Tii. S. Jesup, Washington.
[Extract.]
Philadelphia, July 31, 1846,
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your tele-
gra'phic, despatch of this date. Twenty-one wagons are already on.
board the Caledonia Brandon, and forty-two more ready and going
on board. The further shipping has been stopped.
H. BACHE,
Major Topographical Engineers.
Major General T. S. Jesup,
Washinston.
[telegraph.] Philadelphia, 7 p. m.,
August 1, 1846.
Sir: Your despatch of this date is received. It is hardly practi-
cable now to remove the twenty-seven wagons from the Caledonia
Brandon. The expense of taking them out would be nothing com-
pared to the risk of the other packages stored among them, and the
loss from delay in receiving the rest of her freight, as she must, in
three working days, give place to the next ship of the line. I see no
help for the matter now, without the department is disposed to
break out the entire ship, and also to pay for demurrage.
I have, &c.,
HARTMAN BACHE,
Major Topographical Engineers.
Major General Th. S. Jesup,
Washington.
[telegraph.] Philadelphia, Augiist 7, 1846.
Sir: I have yours of yesterday's date. Will the steam schooner
be required to report to this office? Twenty-eight wagons went
714 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
in the Caledonia Brandon, and one hundred more are now ready
for shipment.
HARTMAN BACHE,
Major Topographical Engineers.
Major General T. S. Jesup,
Washington.
Lexington, July 20, 1846.
Sir: I bought the number of mules you authorized me to buy for
the public service. They are of the best quality that can be ob-
tained in the State of Kentucky, or any other State in the United
States. It was impossible to get them four years old; but I have
not bought a single mule under three years old. They are now
ready for delivery to the officers of the United States, and will be
kept until the 20th, if required.
The river is in fine boating order; and if you intend to send the
mules by water, I think tiie sooner you start them the bettj^r. If
you want any more assistance in the way of buying stock in Ken-
tucky, I would be glad to have it to do.
EENJ. ROBERTSON.
Major General Jesup, Washington.
Mount Sterling, Septemher 2, 1846.
Sir: I hope you have been informed, before this time, of the su-
perior quality of mules I purchased for you. It is the opinion of
the best judges in this State that there never have been 400 such
mules together in the United States. I purchased 401. They were
all delivered at Lexington according to contract, and all received
by Major Tompkins, and every one delivered by me at Louisville;
and, while there, I was employed by Captain Heiatzelman to pur-
chase four hundred horses, which I have done, and I think very
much to his satisfaction. I purchased the whole number in three
days, and on better terms than they can be got in any other State
in the United States. They are very good strong horses, and will
average about fifteen hands three inches high. They were bought
for a fraction over sixty dollars per head, and one thousand more
of the same quality can be purchased here on the same terms. If
you should want any more, you coulli not do better than purchase
in this section of Kentucky; and if you should want any dragoon
horses, I feel very confident this is the best place to purchase them.
BENJ. ROBERTSON.
Major General Jesup.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 715
Philadelphia, July 20, 1846.
Sir: I find that wagons suitable for the public service cannot be
had here in the epen market, and have, in consequence, agreed to
take from Wilson, Childs, & Co., and Henry Simmons, jr., 200
wagons, to be delivered as per enclosed memorandum of agreement.
This is the best that can be done at present. These persons have
in employ all the wheelwrights and wheelwright establishments in
the city on whom reliance can be placed — at least I so understand.
They are to let me know, when I return, whether each delivery
can be increased some 5 in number. I have also made arrange-
ments for the necessary harness.
The wagon makers above mentioned are of opinion that w^agons
that will suit can be purchased at York, Pa., as many, they say,
were purchased there during the Florida v/ar. The assistant quar-
termaster in Baltimore could no doubt very soon ascertain, as that
place is distant but some three or four hours from his station.
I learn that the*following wagons have been shipped from this
place to Nev,' Orleans, viz:
June 24 — 35-
June 26 — 55;
July 7—24;
July 18—53;
and about 40 more wull be shipped during the present week. I shall
leave for New Jersey. I am apprehensive, from ail that I can learn,
that but few ready made wagons can be had; however, I will write
•from every place at which I may tarry, if only for an hour.
M. M. CLAFtK,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster.
Major General T. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General, Washingto7i city.
Newark, N. J., July 21, 1846.
Sir: I reached this place last evening, and immediately made in-
quiries as to the probability of finding ready made wagons in the
market, and, as I feared would be the case, ascertained that there
were none to be had.
This morning I saw several wagon makers, and was to be in-
formed during the afternoon what could be done in the way of sup-
plying us. There appears to be much difficulty in furnishing such,
in all respects, as required in the specification given me.
Should alterations or changes in the specification be authorized,
they will furnish 25 wagons in the first twenty days, and 50 every
ten days thereafter, at $130 each, delivered here or in New York.
Waiting to hear from you will make no difference in the time of
delivery. I have consequently deemed it as obligatory on me to
wait your instructions, as in those of the l8th instant you say that
in those (wagons) contracted for, the specifications must be arfAer'ecJ
to. Almost any reasonable quantity of harness can b-e had, and I
716 Ex. Doc. No. GO.
think at fair prices. I shall to-mcrrcw morning proceed to New
York, anti ascertain as far as I can wLat can be done in Jersey City
and Brooklyn. Would it not be vveli to instruct Captain Vinton
as to those two places, as ^yell as New York? 1 have just received
■ your letter of the 19th, enclosing a copy of one from Mr. Carter,
of this place. He is not a wagon maker himself, but is extensively
enga;TFd in raaki(jg and furnishing spokes to all the wagon and
coach est-abl;shments in the State.
M. M. CLARK,
Captain and Jlssistant Quartermaster^
New Yokk, July 25, 184(3-.
Sir: I left Newark on the 22d instant, saw some wagon makers-.
in Jersey City and this place, and on ;:he evening. of the same day
proceeded on to Troy. On my return yesterday afternoon I received
your telegraphic note, and found that 1 had gone further than
necessary.
Immediately on landing I met several persons from Newark, who
informed me that an agent of the department had been in that^city
for the purpose of purchasing and contracting for wagons, and
wished to know from me if he had authority to do so. I could
give them no information oa the subject, and so informed them. I
have-not yet entered into written contracts, but have authorized
persons to go on to make wagons, and will have at least 60 by the
20th of August, and the same number every ten days thereafter;
that is, if they do what they say they can; and all say they think
more may be delivered, but certainly the number mentioned. Con-
tracts wiil- be entered into so soon as they can be written out.
On Monday I will see other persons, and may get. more.
M. M. CLARK,
Captain and Mssistant Quartermaster.
New York, July 27, 1846.
Sir: In my letter of the 25th instant I stated that I had been ta^
Troy. There were no ready made wagons to be had~in that city or
vicinity. I was informed by a Mr. Rosevelt, (recommended to raie
by Major Baker, of the ordnance department,) and a Mr. Beachj
tliat they were certain they could get up 200 wagons in their county,
Onondaga, in 60 days — the first 100 in 20 days. These wagons
w'ould be good and strong, though the running gear would not be
of the dimensions required by the specification; for instance, the
tire but 2 inches instead of 2\ inches wide. A Mr. Lansing was •
also of opinion that he could get up some 50 or more from the
small country shops-within son>e 25 or 30 miles of Troy. He ap-
peared to be certain that he could furnish the number mentioned,
but of course would not enter into contract till he could ascertain
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 117
.positively. It was my intention to have returned to Troy, and to
have gone into the interior where Rosevelt and Beach reside
(probably have engnged all or a portion of the v/agons they could
get up.) and to other places where it was said wagons could pro-
bably be had; also to have gone to Springfield, Worcester, New
Haven, Sec, after having set the New York, Newark, and Jersey
City folks to work.. I have been to Jersey City and Newark to-
day. In those two places and this city I have engaged 83 wao-ons
to be ready for delivery by the 20th of August, and possibly lu ay-
get contracts for a few more. The contracts will stipulate for the
same number to be furnished every ten days, until about Oc-
tober the 20ch. I found it would be an endless job for me to write
out all the contracts, and consequently sent a form to a printer to
have a number struck off.
M. M. CLARK,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster.
Assistant Quartermaster's Office
J^ew York, August 20, 1846.
Sir: Of the wagons contracted for by me, ninety have been re-
ceived, and the remainder, which v/ere to have been delivered to-
day, will be brought in as fast as they can be put on board the
vessels. The whole number will be from 115 to 125, v/ith a suf-
ficient number of sets of harness.
Captain Thistle's clerk was in my office two days since, and said
that he had 80 wagons in this city and some 300 in Boston and
made some inquiry about shipping them. I told him that I must
be furnished with lists or invoices of those to be shipped from this
place. No doubt they will be delivered in due time.
M. M. CLARK,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster,
Assistant Quartermaster's Office
Jfew York, August 21, 1846.
Sir: Your communication by telegraph was received last evening-.
The "Edith" is partly loaded, and cannot now go to Boston.
I v/ill leave for Boston as scon as I possibly can. It is necessary
however, that I should remain here two or three days longer to
pay for the wagons and harness coming rn.
It is necessary that I chould be informed as to the number of
wagons to be delivered in Boston, the price to be paid for each
the names of the contractors, and the number to be furnished' bv
each. ^
If light draught vessels cannot be had to take all the wao-ons
must heavy draught oaes be employed to take them to Brazo? San
lagOj or must they be snipped to New Orleans? It will be a diffi-
7l'8 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
cult matter to send them by small vessels, as the hatchways are
seldom sufficiently large for ths wagons to pass into the hold.
I think we shall have a sufficient number of wagons here to com-
plete the cargoes of the "Edith" and "Neptune."
^ M. M. CLARK,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster.
Assistant Quartermaster's Office,
JYew York, August 21, 1846.
Sir: Captain Thistle has just been at this office. He informs
me that he has 100 wagons in this city and 300 in Boston. J,
We shall have here from 130 to 150 wagons more than can be
taken by the " Neptune" and "Edith." I will endeavor to send
them by fast sailing vessels.
Major Eastland informs me that he has written to you in regard
to a steam proneller. Should you give him instructions as to such
a vessel, to take freight from this place, it would perhaps be well
to communicate by telegraph, so that it may be known in time to
prevent the taking up of other vessels for the wagons. —'i
Funds should be furnished to me here to pay for the 100 wagons
to be received on Captain Thistle's contracts^ that is, if I am to
pay for them.
The 300 in Boston, at $170 each-. $51,000
The 300 sets harness, at $42 12,600
$63,600
Required to pay for Captain Thistle's purchases in that city.
M. M. CLARK,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster.
Boston, Mass., August 28, 1846.
Sir: After having made every possible inquiry, I find that it is
not possible to get light draught vessels to take the wagons from
this place to Brazos San lagoj consequently, one or more large
vessels will necessarily have to be taken. Light draught ones
mi"ht be had from Providence, but they, in all probability, could
not reach here for eight or ten days, if so soon.
Captain Thistle informs me that there will be over 300 wagons,
and probably not so much harness as was expected. After taking
up some one or more of the vessels which have been offered to-
morrow morning, I may probably return to New York for a few
days, until about the time, the vessels will be loaded, and then re-
turn to this place to make payments and take bills of lading. I
shall probably ascertain during to-morrow whether I can leave
here or not.
M. M. CLARK,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 719
Assistant Quartermaster's Ofiice,
J^ew York, September 1, 1846.
Sir: I returned from Boston this morning, having wilh much dif-
ficulty made arrangements for transporting the wagons from that
place to Brazos San lago, and saw thea. going onboard the vessels.
I shall return to Boston to-morrow to make payments for the
wagons and harness.
M. M. CLARK,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster.
New York, September 9, 1846.
Sir: I returned from Boston yesterday morning, having paid for
and shipped from that place all the wagons (307) purchased by
Captain Thistle. There was no harness ready, in consequence of
the contractor having been disappointed in getting saddles. I was
informed by Captain Thistle that 200 sets would be ready in the
course of two or three days, and would be forwarded to this place
at the cost of the contractor.
M. M. CLARK,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster.
New York, September 2], 1846.
Sir: I have received from Captain Thistle a copy of your letter
to him of the 7th instant, relating to the harness made by McBur-
ney. A sufficient quantity of harness for all the v>'agons sent to
Texas cannot be had here; and if it is necessary that a set should
be sent for each wagon, I would respectfully advise that the 200
sets made by McBurney be received. The material of which it has
been made is excellent, and it has been put together in a good
workmanlike manner. There are 100 sets of harness made in this
city, contracted for by Captain Thistle, which, together with
McBurney's, will be sufficient for his (Captain Thistle's) wagons.
Shall it be received'?
Of the wagons for which I contracted, 550 have been shipped,
together with the necessary harness; and I have contracted for a
sufficient quantity of the latter article for all the wagons yet to be
furnished.
In saying that a sufficient quantity of harness cannot be had for
all the wagons sent to Texas, I mean for those purchased by Cap-
tain Thistle.
M. M. CLARK,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster.
720 - Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Memorandum of wagons shipped to Texas by Captain M. M. Clark.
From New York . . 550 with harness.
From New York 100 purchased by Captain Thistle.
From Boston 307 do do
Total • 957
[by telegraph.] Baltii.iore, July 22^ 1846. '
General: I shall start for York this afternoon, in compliance
with your order. I have engaged in this place, from Bartus Wil-
kins, 25 sets, and from Jenkins & Little 25 sets of harness, com-
plete, including saddles, for 4 horses, to be ready in ten days. I
have made arrangements to look into this market for all the
•wagons that can be bought, or built here in a short time.
S. B. DUSENBERY,
Assistant Quartermaster.
,To General Th. S. Jesup,
Washinglo7i city.
[Extract.]
Baltimore, July 24, 1846.
General: I returned from York and Shrewsbury, Pennsylvania,
to-day, and have the honor to enclose you a copy of an agreement
whicii I entered into in York for wagons.. The wagon business in
that part of the country is greatly diminished since the railroad has
been in opera'tion. I saw not a single wagon with a suitable body;
tut there are numbers running which will answer if bodies are put
to them, and for which I prefer to have running gear made, in hot
haste, in the shops. All that are in reach of York, and also all the
suitable running gear finished in the shops in and around York,
■will be immediately procured and finished off by Mr. Hess. At
Shrewsbury I engaged Messrs. Myers and Small to procure all the
•wagons in and around that place, to be finished off in like manner,
and on the same terms. They would not engage to furnish any
particular number of wagons by a given time; but the prices are
sufficient to stimulate them to extraordinary exertions, and I think
I may confidently calculate upon getting fifty wagons from the two
places in a month or six weeks. I shall endecvor to take a day in
each week to run up to, see the progress they are making, and to
have the wagons brought down as they are finished, and as oppor-
tunities may offer for shipping them. The covers to the wagons I
propose to have marie here. I can procure liarness here to almost
any extent; but if more is wanted than will be required for the
Ex. Doc. No 60. 721
wagons that I may be able to purchase, I beg that you will inform
me, and to what extent it will be safe for me engage it.
S. B. DUSENBERY,
Assistant Quartermaster.
To General Th. S. Jesup,
Washington city.
Baltimore, July 29, 1846, 4 o''clock, p, m.
General: I have the honor to enclose you herewith a detailed
description of the furniture wagon which I am having fitted up for
service in Mexico, in compliance with your instructions. There
are some of a lighter description that I am having fitted up for two
horses. In all, I have received up to this hour about twenty-eight
of this description of \vagons, which I expect to ship on Monday
next for Point Isabel, on the deck of a provender vessel, which I
am now loading. I have also eight or ten country market wagons
to ship at the same time, if the vessel is able to take them. Wagons
of both these classes are now rapidly coming in to me. I have
made engagements in this place for wagons of other description,
up to the present time, for delivery as they are furnished — up to
the 1st of September next for about 150 wagons. I have made ar-
rangements for harness for the whole, and for covers, and shall
continue to do so for all that I may purchase or engage.
S. B. DUSENBERY,
Assistant Quartermaster.
To. General Th. S. Jesup,
Washington city.
P. S. — I propose going to York, Pennsylvania, on Friday morn-
ing next, to look after the wagons which I have engaged in that
place and Shrewsbury. I shall return on Saturday inorning.
^ S. B. D.
[by telegraph.] Baltimore, August 1, 1846.
General: I have up to this time purchased and engaged about
260 wagons, of all descriptions. I fear I may overrun the mark,
and wish that you will indicate to me by telegraph about how
many it will be advisable for me to secure by the 1st of September
next, that beiiig the latest date I have agreed for.
S. B. DUSENBERY,
Assistant Quartermaster.
To General Th. S. Jesup,
Washington city.
46
722 Ex. Doc. No, 60.
[Extract.]
[by telegraph.] Baltimore, August 3, 1846.
General: I expect to get about 27 wagons on board of a vessel
to-morrow, and before the end of a week 25 more on board of
another provision vesselj and I think I shall have enough wagons
by 1st of next week for a deck load for another vessel. They will
be well secured on deck, and will cost about $10 each. I shall be
able in a few days to inform you what number of wagons I may
expect ready for delivery in this place, and at York and Shrews-
bury, Pennsylvania, by the 10th, 15th, and 20th instant.
- S. B. DUSENBERY,
Assistant Quartermaster.
To General Th. S. Jesup,
Washington city.
[by telegraph.] Baltimore, August 6, 1846.
' General: As far as I have been able to ascertain, I think I can
collect here by the 11th instant 25 new wagons, the bodies of which
cannot be taken apart. About the 20th instant I think 75 roore can
be got here. Shall I forward these, as they arrive, to Philadel-
phia, up to (including) the 11th instant; or is it your intention to
order a steamer to touch here for all that I can collect up to the
20th instant; or must I ship the whole by sail vessels, as fast as I
can? I beg you to answer by telegraph, as I must make arrange-
ments at onc^ with the railroad to get wagons here and forward
them by the U^th.
S. B. DUSENBERY,
Assistant Quartermaster.
To General Th. S. Jesup,
f^4 's king ton city.
Baltimore, August 12, 1846.
General: I have the i ^onor to report that last week I shipped
29 wagons on board two p revision vessels. I returned from York,
Pennsylvania, this mornint ^ where and at Shrewsbury I received
yesterday 22 wagons, which ^'"^ "^^ o" ^^^ ^^^ ^® ^^"^ place, and
which I shall immediately sh. 'P o^two small vessels that are now
nearly loaded with oats. I sh> ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ wagons more,
the bodies of which cannot be t ''^^^" ^P^""^' ^^^^^ ^ ^^^^^ ^^^° ^^'P
on board of oat vessels, if possib ^^' ^^''^ ^^^^^- ^"^ *^^ morning of
the 18th instant I am promised in ^^""^ ^^°^^ 25' wagons, the bodies
of which can be taken apa^t, and v ^^'^^ ^ ^^" '^"^ '\\'^''^ to Phila-
delphia at $6 25 each, by the 20lh i. ^stant if that will not be too
late; and by the 20th instant I expet '\ .^° ^^ ^^'t ^l '?^ about 50
wagons or more to Philadelphia from tX ''^ P^^*^^' ^^^ ^°''*^^ °^ ^^'^^
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
723
can be taken apart, as all the rest can be that I am to receive be-
yond the number mentioned above. Should I be too late for the
steamer that is to sail from Philadelphiaj I would most respectful-
ly suggest that a barque of 3,000 barrels, which has been offered to
me at $2,500, be taken up for the remainder of the wagons that I
cannot ship on board the oat vessels by the 20th instant. The
barque could take out the pack saddles ^ent me from Washington,
and many other articles that might be required to be shipped; or,
for greater expedition, it would perhaps be better to charter
first a vessel of about 1,500 barrels, at a reasonable rate, which
might take all the wagons the bodies of which can be taken apart.
I beg thrtt you will give me an early reply.
I very much wish that you could see the wagons I am getting at
York and Shrewsbury; the running gear cannot be surpassed the
world ever.
S. B. DUSENBERY,
Assistant Quartermaster.
To General Th. S. Jesup,
* Washington city.
[Extract.]
Baltimore, August 18, 1846.
I have the honor to report that I went to Ybrk, Pennsylvania,
last night, and received there this morning thirty-three wagons,
which I had taken apart, and securely placed upon the cars, which
started for Philadelphia before I left York this afternoon, at 3
o'clock.
S. B. DUSENBERY,
Assistant Quartermaster.
To General Th. S. Jesup, '
Washington city.
, Baltimore, 9 o''clockj p. m., August 19, 1846.
General: I have the honor to enclose you herewith a note which
I have this instant received from Major Bache.
I expect to receive about twenty wagons to-morrow, which I
proposed forwarding on to Philadelphia, but deem it proper not to
do so now, in consequence of the major's note, until further in-
structions by you. The bodies of all the wagons I am to receive
hereafter will be made to be taken apart. The wagons will now
be coming in to me daily until the last of the month, and I pro-
pose shipping them as fast as possible on the decks of several pro-
vision vessels which I am called upon to furnish, or to take up
vessels and load them with wagons, harness, oats, and other stores
that may be required, so as to take on board the wagons as fast as
724 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
they arrive. I beg for yoar instructions on the subject by tele-
graph as early as possible to-morrow.
I have engaged no vessel as yet for the wagons, not knowing but
that you might still prefer taking one of the steamers which I
mentioned in my communication to-day.
It is probable that Major Bache had not received my letter of
yesterday from York, advising him that I had sent thirty-three
wagons from that place, anfl which are consequently not included
among those he reports on hand to go in the Neptune.
S. B. DUSENBERY,
Assistant Quartermaster.
To General Th. S. Jesup,
Washington city.
Baltimore, September 14, ]846.
General: I have the honor to report that I have shipped to La
Vaca bay, in two vessels, eight thousand seven hundred and sixty-sis
and a half bushels of oats, and seventy-six wagons, with harness
complete. I have left ©n hand sixteen wagons, which I propose
shipping to-morrow in the vessel that is to take Captain Ker's com-
pany of dragoons to Point Isabel, Texas.
S. B. DUSENBERY,
Assistant Quartermaster.
To General Th. S. Jesup,
Washington city.
Newark, New Jersey, July 25^ 1846.
Sir: I have just returned from Troy. I have found that it is
impossible to get the work done according to the specifications;
there is not material enough in the country for that purpose. But
I can, by varying the materials, be able to get from three to four
hundred wagons by the 16th day of August, and they will be
equally as strong; they will have to use a great deal of ash, and
oak, and elm for hubs, thirteen inches long instead of fourteen and
a half inches, and nine and a half inches in diameter.
I shall have to pay an enormous price, in order to have the work
pressed forward.
I will have them at all hazards. I leave Newark to night for
New Haven, Worcester, and other places on the Connecticut river.
I travel during the night, to save time. All communications will
reach me at New York.
H. L. THISTLE.
Major General Jesup.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 725
On board steamer Rhode Island,
July 21^ 1846.
Dear Sir: It is not unlikely that you may receive some reports
from Newark of my interference in that place.
On my way to Troy, I stopped in Newark a few hours, (on
Thutsday, July 23,) to inquire if they could make any wagons.
They said that Captain Clark had called there, and they had con-
cluded not to make any, on account of its being impossible to.make
them by the 15th and 17th of August, and did not think that they
could make more than twenty by the 1st of September.
I convinced them that they could get them up. They set about
procuring timber immediately. Kow they have concluded to make
one hundred and fifty, or thereabouts,
I can assure you, if I had not stopped there, there would not
have been ten wagons delivered by the 15th of August. If it should
be important, I can have my statements certified to by twenty or
thirty of the most respectable citizens of Newark. I enclose a
copy of a letter, dated July, to Captain Clark.
I have a promise of fifty wagons from Troy by the 15th or 17th
of August next. One hundred and forty-five dollars is the lowest
estimate that I could procure in that place.
Mr. Eaton would have contracted to make from one hundred and
fifty to two hundred wagons, at one hundred and eighty-five dol-
lars each. This was the lowest cent that he would make them for.
I have the promise of one hundred in New York and its vicinity,
at one hundred and forty-five dollars each. This is exclusive of
any interference with Captain Clark in Newark or any other place.
H. L. THISTLE,
Agent for the Quartermaster'' s department.
To Major General Jesup.
Boston, July 30, 1846, half-past 11 o^clock, p. m.
Sir: We are busy drawing up contracts, and shall not finish them
till three or four o'clock in the morning. I have contracted, and
am preparing contracts to be signed, for one hundred and fifty-
five wagons, to be delivered in Boston on or before the 16th or 17th
day of August.
I can do nothing back in the country. And when I first arrived
in Boston, they said it was impossible to put up more than twenty
or thirty. I' convinced them that they could put up more, by argu-
ing the point with them; and there is no doubt but that I shall
have the one hundred and fifty, if not two hundred, ready by the
above specified time in the city of Boston. There are now be-
tween four and five hundred men at work on them. The firms that
I have engaged are worth from fifty to two hundred thousand dol-
lars.
I have not contracted to receive any wagons after the 25th of
August next; and if I can rely upon men's word, honor, and re-
J726 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
sponsibility, there is no doubt but that I shall have five hundred by
that date. Inform me whether they will be shipped from Boston,
or shall I forward them to New York? I could not get the con-'
tractors to deliver them at the latter place. There is no doubt but
that it would be a great saving of time and expense to ship them
from Boston.
It is important that I should have a set of harness for four horses,
complete, in New York by Monday next. There is no difficulty in
getting the harness. It is important for the makers to have a set.
Please to forward the harness in my name, care of the agent of the
transportation train, to be kept tiU called for.
All communications will reach me most rapidly at New York. I
must be in Troy Sunday morning or evening. I expect one hun-
dred and fifty wagons from that quarter, and rising of a hundred
in New York, Brooklyn, and vicinities. You cannot form the
least idea of the troubles and difficulties I have to encounter to
convince men that they can work,
H. L. THISTLE,
Agent of the Quartermaster^ department.
Major General Jesup,
Quartermaster General V, S, Ji, •
Providence, July 31, 1846.
Sir: I find it difficult to get the traces for the harness according
to the specifications, as the market is drained; and in case they
cannot be got, must I substitute leather, with half a dozen links at
each end, or shall I take an inferior kind of chain? I leave to-
morrow morning at four o'clock for Albany and Troy. If I get
through with my business on Sunday, I shall be in New York on
Monday morning. Monday evening I shall leave for Boston, via
Hartford and New Haven.
I have all confidence that I shall have three if not four hundred
"wagons by the 19th of August next. Keep in remembrance the set
of harness I sent for.
H. L. THISTLE,
Agent for the Quarter master'' s department.
Major General Jesup.
Boston, August 1, 1846.
Sir: We were detained to-day by the cars. We make another
start this evening at 5 o'clock. I will give you the names of the
contractors in Boston and its vicinity, and the number they will
furrish for certain by the 17th of August next. They all promise
me more.
Ex. Doc. No, 60. 727
I visited the sbops to-day. There are already 1,200 men at work.
By Monday there will be 2,000.
H. L. THISTLE,
Agent for the Quarter mast erh department.
Major General Jesup,
Quartermaster General U. S. A.
Contracts made and entered into hy H. L. Thistle, for and in behalf
of the United States^ for wagons, in the city of Boston and its
vicinity.
With Davenport & Bridges, for 50 wagons or more.
With A. Blood, of South Boston, for 25 "
With W. Mansfield, of South Boston, for.... 25 "
With Adams & Whittridge and James W.
Russell, of Boston, for 25 *'
With Andrews Lunt & Samuel Noah, of Salem,
for .N. 20 "
Total 175
Telegraph Office, New York, August 2, 1846.
Sir: New York this morning. Yours of the 29th reports from
assistant quartermaster interference on my part. So expected when
I left Washington. My contracts, none to be delivered after 25th.
Shall I attend to the business, or come to Washington? Names of
contractors by the 17th. Number of wagons: A. Lamb & S. Noah,
50; Davenport & Bridges, 50; A. Blood, 25; W. Mansfield, 25;
Adams & Whittridge and J; W. Russell, 25. Total, 175, at |170
each.
Mr. Powell says I can have 50 or 60. I expect 50 from Troy.
If I do not receive an answer by telegraph this evening, I start for
Washington.
Perhaps your complainants think that I am going ahead of them.
Refer to yours of the 21st to me. I have obeyed orders as far as
possible.
H. L. THISTLE, City Hotel.
General Jesup.
Boston, August 4, 1846.
Sir: I am in this city looking after the work that is now under
• way; and I assure you that where there are so many men at workj
it requires three or four of us to watch them. I shall not be able
to be in New York until Friday morning.
7^8 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
I have made arrangements with Mr. C, Francis, No. 39 Bowery,
New York, to make and deliver 300 sets of harness by the 17th day
of this month, for $39 per set, in every respect according to the
specification, except the chain. That will have to be varied. I
have requested him verbally to write to you in relation to the har-
ness; and if it has not been forwarded to him ^ please do so as soon
as practicable, on receipt of this, for he has no time to lose. A full
set, and then there can be no mistake.
I received your telegraphic despatches last evening in time just
to save my distance on the Boston boat, by jumping through the
"window into the coal house.
Any instructions you wish to communicate to me, please address
to New York.
In relation to timber, &c., I will give you information at the first
leisure moaent.
H. L. THISTLE,
Agent for the Quarter ma sterh department.
To Major General Jesup,
Quartermaster General, U. S. A.
P, S. — I have written to my agent in Washington in relation to
the saddles, in order to have them done in accordance of time, let
the cost to me be what it would. He informs me that they will all
be done by the 20th of this month, which is ten days in advance of
time.
• You may rest assured that any contract that I undertake on my
own responsibility will always be done in advance of time.
H. L. T.
Boston, August 6, 1846.
Sir: I. am still in Boston, looking after the workmen. I find
that they require a great deal of watching; and unless they are
closely looked after, they will put in poor stock and do bad work.
I shall leave to-morrow evening for New York. Would it not
be advisable for your department to make some arrangements about
shipping these wagons? There should be from 175 to 200 delivered
by the 17th day of this month in this city; but, as I have already
condemned about one-half of the materials that they had partly
worked, I may not get more than 125 at that date.
There was one person who had the wheels nearly finished for 25
wagons. The work and materials being so bad, I had to condemn
nearly all of it. It appears that the greater portion of our commu-
nity think it no harm to cheat the government; but I am deter-
mined to have strong work and good materials. I will report to
you in relation to the progress of the work in New York as soon
as I arrive there.
My plan of obtaining estimates was fully equal to advertising, if
not better. I sent specifications to every man that understood
making wagons, and then I took the lowest bid.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 729
The estimate of Messrs. Eaton & Co., Troy, was $180j that of
Mr. Walker, of Worcester, $225; and those of Messrs. P. A. & G.
Sanford, and likewise of Mr. R. B. ^ears, of Providence, both $225.
The lowest estimate I could get in Boston was $200; but I brought
them down to $170. In New York I get them made for $130, by-
taking one, two, and three from different persons, without any re-
sponsibility on their part, except in giving good materials and good
work; but there is no doubt of my getting 80 from that quarter.
The number that I shall obtain from South Troy and Albany is
uncertain at present.
H. L. THISTLE,
Agenffor the Quartermaster'' s Department.
To Major General Jesup,
Quartermaster General U. S. A.
Boston, August IS, 1846.
Sir: I shall have not less than 300 wagons made and delivered
in this city by the 25th day of this month; and, so far as I have
seen, they are a first rate article.
I could have shipped 200 to-day if there had been any arrange-
ments for that purpose. I find several masters of vessels very
anxious to get freight direct to Point Isabel. They say they have
light draught vessels.
I made some inquiry as to what would be the freight per wagon,
with the privilege of filling up the vacant space with other freight
if your department chooses. As near as I can ascertain, it will cost
from thirty to forty dollars for each wagon, with the privilege
stated. They are very anxious to get their light draught vessels
freighted for Point Isabel, in expectation of being employed to run
backwards and forwards between there and New Orleans.
I shall have my three hundred sets of harness of the first quality
all ready in time.
I told them that I could do nothing about the shipping until I
had further orders.
I shall be in New York to-morrow,,where I will wait your orders
respecting the wagons in Boston. I shall be under the necessity
of receiving them on the 25th of this month, as they will be im-
patient from waiting so long.
There will be one hundred wagons ready in New York by the
25th of this month, without fail.
H. L. THISTLE,
Agent for the Quartermaster'' s Department.
Major General Jesup,
Quartermaster General U. S. Army.
730 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
New York, August 19, 1846.
I informed you yesterday that three hundred wagons are ready
at Boston, and ninety in New York, waitinp^ your orders to know
how they will be shipped before I receive them. I have not heard
from the department since I saw you.
H. L. THISTLE, Agent.
General Jesup.
New*York, August 24, 1846.
Sir: There is a prospect of Mr. McBurney's failing to fulfil his
contract for the three hundred sets of harness he agreed to make in
Boston. I do not know any grounds for his doing so, unless it is
because he could not make a hundred per cent, profit. I find by
inquiry that it will be iurportant to have the harness made. I think
it would not be anything more than right to have the harness made
at his expense, should it cost more than I expect to give him, viz:
forty-two dollars per set.
The contract he signed was strongly worded. It says that if the
contractor fails to fulfil his agreement, the same (harness) is to be
purchased in open market, and at the experse of said contractor, if
the quartermaster deem it advisable. He is a man of wealth, and
signed the contract after its being properly considered by him.
Please let me hear from you on this subject.
I have been very busy to-day shipping wagons under the direction
of Captain Clark. I shall probably, start on Wednesday evening
for Boston. Please direct your letter to that city.
I remain yours, respectfully,
H. L. THISTLE,
Agent for the Quart er mast erh Department.
Major General Jesup,
Quartermaster General U. S. Army.
Boston, September 9, 1846.
Sir: I have deceived your letter of the 7th instant, and will re-
mark, in relation to the harness, that Mr. McBurney had two
hundred sets finished before Captain Clark left Boston; but, as the
saddles were not ready, he was to ship it to New York, at his own
expense, to Captain Clark. The harness is one-third better in
quality than any I have seen. Captain Clark has seen it, and com-
pared it with the Philadelphia harness.
I should recommend to the department to receive it on account
of its quality, although Mr. McBurney did not comply with his
contract as regards time.
There are one hundred sets ready in New York, made by Mr.
C. Francis, who has fully complied with his contract, and.whichj
with Mr. McBurney's, make up the three hundred sets.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 731
There has not been a wagon received that has been made after
the 25th day of August.
Please communicate to Captain Clark in relation to the harness.
H. L. THISTLE,
Jlgent for the Quartermaster^ s Deparment.
Major General Jesup,
Quartermaster General^ U. S. Army.
I will remain in Boston until 6 o'clock on Monday evening.
[Extract.]
LouisviLLEj Ky.j August 3j 1846.
Sir: On Saturday, I shipped off the last of 399 mules to Colonel
Hunt, at New Orleans.. Two strayed, and were not recovered until
after the boat left. I will send them with the horses.
S. P. HEINTZELMAN,
Acting Assistant Quartermaster .
General Th. S. Jesup,
Washington city.
[Extract.]
Louisville, Ky., September 1, 1846.
Sir: I have the honor to inform you that T shipped the horses
and mules, and will, in the course of a week or ten days, get off
the remainder of the wagons, harness and oats, which complete the
duties assigned to me at this place.
S. P. HEINTZELMAN,
Acting Assistant Quartermaster .
General Th. S. Jesup,
Washingtov> city.
, [Extract.]
Louisville, Ky., October 2, 1846.
Sir: I have the honor to report that I have received the snag-
boats "Dragon" and "Gopher," with the necessary tackle.
I will get the boats off in a few days.
S. P. HEINTZELMAN,
Acting Assistant Quartermaster.
General Th. S. Jesup,
Washington city.
732 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Office of Clothing and Equipage, .
Philadelphia J August 20, 1846.
General: I have the honor to inform you that, some days since,
ten ponton boats, with tools and articles for repairs, were delivered
to the military storekeeper. United States arsenal, by Mr. S. T.
Armstrong of New York. I shall be glad to receive your orders in
regard to their disposition, as also of the India rubber covers re-
ceived from Mr. Gay, agreeably to the annexed memorandum.
HENRY STANTON,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
Pittsburg, June 21, 1846.
Sir: I arrived here on the morning of the 19th, and was disap-
pointed in finding letters from Washington. Yesterday Colonel
Taylor passed through, en route for Texas; He assured me that the
department desired to furnish General Taylor with every necessary
transportation. Just as he was about starting, he learned that a let-
ter to him from you had been sent out to the Allegheny arsenal,
and requested me to open it, read it, and forward it to him at Louis-
ville. I did so. It is your letter dated the 17th instant. I at once
felt authorized to act, without waiting for direct and official infor-
mation to that purport.
I conceived that it would be inexpedient and injudicious to pur-
chase any but a new boat to send such a distance; and that it would
be unsafe to charter one older than two years, which is about one-
half of the useful life of a boat.
Yesterday I purchased a boat which is to be ready to start next
Saturday, and is to be delivered in New Orleans, to Lieutenant
Colonel Hunt, in ten days after; $12,000 to be paid on the safe de-
livery of the boat. The boat is perfectly new and untried, but
built by successful and experienced workmen. Being expressly in-
tended for the Galena trade, it is much stronger than light draught
boats usually are. It will draw less than two feet water. It has
side wheels and two engines. The turns of the river are so short
that a single engine boat will be hard to handle. A light draught
is indispensable above Matamoras. There are three boats of about
thirty inches draught of water, and not much over two years old,
now here, any one of which, I presume, I can charter for a reason-
able rate for sixty or ninety days from the time it would enter the
Rio Grande. Either of these boats would answer very well. I
have just learned that the New Orleans papers state that Colonel
Hunt has sent two good boats, the Troy and Big Hatchee, to the
Rio Grande. General Taylor desired that arrangements should be
so made that the boats would remain in private hands. In Cincin-
Dati I met an exemplary man who is accustomed to deal largely in
boats, and wishes to turn his attention to boating on the Rio
Grande — Captain William Stewart, formerly of this place, but now
of Mobile. He agreed to have one boat, the Noxu|)ee, on the Rio
Ex. Doc. No. 60, 733
Grande by the 1st of July, and to run her for thirty days, the
United States furnishing fuel, at the rate of $130 a day. The boat
to carry at least 500 barrels of mixed freight in the three feet
water. He was to take out the Virginia on his own venture, with
the understanding that he was to be patronized when the govera-
ment had more freight than its own boats could carry. He was to
procure two other suitable boats and have them on the Rio Grande
by the 10th of July. These boats were to be employed for sixty
days, at $150 a day each. These last boats were to be such as
would pass the inspection of the agent of the Cincinnati insurance
companies.
Major Tompkins very kindly undertook to see that Captain
Stewart used due diligence in hurrying off his boats. There is one
boat in Cincinnati just finished, which I was anxious to purchase,
that will cost about $16,000 or $16,500. I shall write to the major
in regard to it.
JOHN SANDERS,
Captain Engineers.
Pittsburg, June 28, 1846.
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter
of the 24th instant.
I learn through the papers, and a letter from Colonel Winthrop
of New Orleans, that the Troy, Big Hatchee, Panola, and another
boat, have all been sent to the Rio Grande.
These boats are all thirty-inch boats; that is, will draw thirty
inches of water when light. The Whiteville, which I bought and
sent off last week, is a two-foot boat. These altogether will make
five river boats. Captain Stewart will only take out two; one on
his own venture, the other on a thirty days' charter.
I now propose adding four really light beats to the number;
boats none of which shall draw over twenty inches of water when
light, and such boats as could run anywhere a keel boat could be.
pushed. They are all to be thoroughly new. One I have, as I
have heretofore reported to you, already bought; she will start on
Tuesday morning for New Orleans. The other three I can get off
in the course of a fortnight. One of the boats I propose buying
was built expressly for the Allegheny; it is quite strong, very
light, and has an engine of more than the usual power on similar
boats. These light boats are necessarily frail structures; but all
being perfectly new and well built, I am in great hopes of getting
them around safely.
They are the very best models and specimens of light-water
boats, and will run up the Rio Grande as far as it is possible for
any boat to navigate it. These boats will carry very good freights
on thirty inches water, and if the river should get very low, they
might be kept all the time above Reinosa, which point, I presume,
the boats already sent out will always be able to reach without
any great difficulty.
734 Ex. Doc. No. 60,
I feel quite confident that the river will be found navigable for
some months in the year as high as the mountains; though it is not
likely that the canons in the mountains will ever be passable for
boats.
I expect to leave here on the 15th of July, and shall pass through
Washington on my way south.
JOHN SANDERS,
Captain Engineers.
Pittsburg, July 2, 1846.
Sir: I have the honor to report to you that I have completed
my purchase of light draught steamboats on account of your depart-
ment, for the transportation of military stores on the Rio Grande.
I send herewith a descriptive list of same.
The Corvette started this morning in fine style; she is really a
splendid boat of her class. Her furniture and equipment are much
more expensive than the character of the service requires, but had
to be taken with her, and will render the boat more marketable if
it becomes necessary to sell her hereafter. I have sent down on
ber as passengers Chifflin Kenedy, master, and Prescot Devot,
pilot — two young men of the right stamp to handle her properly.
I have taken them in service, as I have informed Colonel Hunt,
from about this date. Captain Kenedy having been employed by
me about the boats since Monday. I have agreed to give the pilot
the current wages on the Ohio river; that is, $125 a month. The
success of these boats will depend entirely upon the manner in
which they are handled and managed. I shall send out on each of
the other boats two experienced and skilful men — one as master,
the other as pilot. I have requested the owners to take with them
down the river such crews as would be willing to re-ship at New
Orleans in the government service. These boats will all reach
New Orleans with the Kentucky and Ohio volunteers; and if they
make as favorable voyages along the coast as the boats which have
just preceded them, they will be on the Rio Grande in ample time
to transport the baggage . and supplies of those troops up to
Camargo.
Allow me, general, to take this occasion of expressing my ac-
knowledgements, not only for the ready and cheerful assistance
and hearty co-operation which you had the kindness to extend to
me in the discharge of this duty, but also for that which I have
received at the hands of those (if I may be permitted to say so)
highly zealous and active officers, Colonel Hunt and Major Tomp-
kins, of your department. I shall, most assuredly, take the liberty
of reporting the same to my commanding general.
JOHN SANDERS,
Captain Engineers,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 735
Cincinnati, Ohio, August 21, 1846.
General: I send herewith a contract I have made with David
White, of this city, for the delivery of 8u0 mules and horses at San
Antonio. Captain White is the "owner and commander of a steam-
boat on the Mississippi and Ohio rivers, and is well acquainted
with the route which the horses and mules have to take. He is re-
garded here as a responsible man; and Major Tompkins and myself
have agreed in opinion that it is better to have the horses and
mules transported in this way, without much risk to the United
States, than by the method originally contemplated.
As the contractor has to feed the animals, it is his interest to
have as little delay as possible; and as I am to have a general di-
rection on the route, I can exercise such control as to prevent their
being overdriven. I have been diligent in making inquiries re-
specting the different routes, and particularly in regard to the route
suggested from the information of Major Eastland. The lower
route is said to have a great many cane brakes and bayous on it,
and the road is marshy in many places. The difficulty of driving
wild mules on it would be much greater, therefore, than on the
other routes. From Alexandria I intend to march to Hickman's
ferry, on the Sabine; thence by Swartwout, Washington, and La
Grange, to San Antonio. If I should find, on descending the Mis-
sissippi, that the Red river is too low for me to reach Alexandria
in boats, I shall land in the neighborhood of Natchez, and go by
land to Alexandria. The mules have been ready for some days*
but we have been waiting for the arrival of the horses at Louis-
ville. On the 24th we shall begin to take the mules on board, and
by the 27th I think the last of them will leave this place.
I have hired more than 200 teamsters; but some of them, when
the starting time came, have been among the missing. 138 have
been sent direct to New Orleans, and I have here 39 of those who
are to go with me. I enclose copies of the agreements I have
made with them.
S. H. DRUM,
Assistant Quartermaster.
Major General Th. S. Jesup,
Washington.
ViDALiA, La., September 10, 1846.
Sir: I have the honor to inform you that I left Cincinnati on the
29th August, having despatched the steamboats Ark and Towna-
lenka on the 26th and 27th with the mules, and with directions to
take a portion of the horses at Louisville. On the 31st I left Lou-
isville, on the steamboat Louis Philippe, with the remainder of the
horses, and arrived at this place on the 6th instant, the day after
the Ark and Townalenka. We lost four horses and two mules,
which died in consequence of injury received from the other ani-
mals, and from the hot weather. The 800 are divided into droves
of 100 each, the last of which left this place yesterday; and I shall
736 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
follow to-day, and remain with the rear drove. I have placed
Captain Smith, assistant quartermaster, with the leading drove, and
Captain Gilbert, assistant quartermaster, with one of the middle
droves, with directions to exercise a general supervision, and see
that the contract is faithfully complied with. I believe both of
the officers above named to be faithful, but 1 desire particularly to
recommend Captain Gilbert to your favorable notice, on account of
the activity and zeal he has displayed since he has been under my
orders.
Finding, when I arrived here, that the wagons would impede my
progress, I determined to ship all except one light one to New
Orleans, and to pack only such stores as will be absolutely neces-
sary on the route; and I expect thus to make a rapid march across
the country. The distance to be travelled is about 600 miles, and
I hope to be able to report my arrival at San Antonio by the 10th
October. I send you, enclosed, a table of distances, compiled by
a gentleman who has surveyed the country between this place and
the Sabine.
7 he weather is extremely hot — thermometer 90; and I shall have
to drive very slowly at first, but I think I shall do better after
passing Red river.
Major General T, S. Jesup,
Washington.
S. H. DRUM,
Assistant Quartermaster,
Alexandria, September 16, 1846.
Sir: I arrived at this place last night, and this morning the last
drove crossed the river. The others are several days in advance,
and getting along well. Several horses and mules were lost on the
route from Vidalia to this place, but nearly all of them have been
taken up and will be sent to New Orleans.
Some horses, that from kicks and strains were unable to travel,
I have disposed of. The weather continues so extremely hot that
it is impossible to drive fast. At Trinity the thermometer stood
at 100 on Sunday, (13th,) and yesterday it was 95 at this place.
The nights, too, are hot, so that little or no relief is experienced
iafter the sun goes down. To-night we sleep 22 miles from this
place. In all ray life before, I have not had so many lies told to
me as since I have started on this expedition. No confidence can
be placed in anything that is said to me by the citizens. They
are either interested for themselves or their friends, and some lie
wantonly.
S. H. DRUM,
Assistant Quartermaster.
Major General Jesup,
Washington.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 73
San Antonio de Bexar,
October 13, 1846.
Sir: I have the honor to report to you that I arrived at this place
on the 7th instant, with the rear drove of the horses and mules. The
two Icad'.ng droves arrived on the 2(1, the next two on the4th, and the
next two on the 5'ch. Tiie animals arrived in season to be employed in
the trains for supplying the army under Wool. The Kentucky troops,
for whose use you intended these animals, did not take this route,
hut at or near Gonzales marched towards Victoria, and have since
been ordered to join General Taylor. I should have overtaken
them if they had continued on the route to this place. The mules
arrived in good condition, only seven having been lost on the
route. The horses did not drive so well, about 30 having given
out or died from injury; and a number more that came through
were nearly broken down. Our ri.te of travel was 21A miles per
day; and although for the first ten days it was much slower than
that, yet the animals suffered much more then than afterwards, the
heat of the weather was so great. The teamsters were at one time
half of them ;iick with fever, from the same cause. We took ac-
curate note of the distances, and made the whole distance to be
616 miles from Vidalia to San Antonio. From Alexandria the dis-
tance is about 100 miles less, and all droves intended to be driven
across the country should be sent by water to Alexandria, or even
higher up the river. From Natchez to Alexandria we crossed three
of the worst swimming places on the whole route.
The Texas streams are crossed without difhculty. We fed corn
every night except one, when the droves were herded on the prai-
ries, and the average price was about 90 cents per bushel. Our
greatest evil on the route was v/hat is called the screw-v/orra. If
one of the animals got snarged or rubbed with the saddle so as to
draw blood, a small green fly would deposite its eggs on the blood,
and in less than 12 hours the sore would be filled with screw-worms,
boring their way into the flesh. 1 have seen a small sore con-
verted in a few days into a hole large enough to place my closed
hand in. For some time we did not know what to do, and several
of our best animals were destroyed by the worms. At Crocket we
were informed that calomel was a good remedy, and aiterwards, by
applying it to the sore, I almost in all cases elTected a cure.
Our route lay from Vidalia, through Trinity, Alexandria, Holt's
Springs, Sabine, Milam, San Au'^ustine, Nacogdoches, Crockett,
Washington, La Grange, Goiizales, and Seguine, to this place. We
had but two stampedes; one near the place of starting-, before the
animals had got accustomed to each other; and the second on the
prairies, while herding the animals at night. A violent thunder
storm came up, which scattered them far and wide. We only lost
five however, in both stampedes.
S. H. DRUM,
Assistant Quartermaster.
Maj. Gen. T. S. Jesup, Washiirgt'.n,
47
738 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
New York, August 25, 1846.
Sib.: The "Neplune" sailed yesterday, having on board the pon-
ton train, (about 60 tons,) 64 wagons, and some 15 or 16 soldiers,
with their stores. She took on board 140 tons coal, in all (exclu-
sive of fuel) about 3,000 barrels. She will touch at Charleston for
additional fuel, (say 50 or 60 tons,) and, without accident, will
make Point Isabel in 12 days. The harness did not come in time
to get on board. Captain Clark informs me that a quantity of
extra harness is on board the "Edith," to sail this evening.
THOS. B. EASTLAND,
Quartermaster U. S. Army.
Maj. Gen. Thomas S. Jesup, Washington.
[Extract.]
Quartermaster's Office,
Memphis^ October 4, 1846.
General: Your order of September 23, in duplicate, one via
Louisville and one via Nashville, were both received last evening
at same time. My arrangements are made to execute the order for
horses and teamsters with as much despatch as possible.
NATHL. ANDERSON,
Quartermaster U. S. Army.
Major General T. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General , Washington^ D. C.
Memphis, October 10, 1846.
GEr.ERAL: I commenced the purchase of horses under the order
of department of 22d September, on 7th instant; up to last evening
I purchased 142 horses, which are all ready for shipment as soon
as I can get a boat, which, owing to low water, I find difficult. I
enclose a transcript of my purchases, to which I refer for prices
paid. I was compelled to stop purchasing in consequence of not
being able 1o procure stabling for more horses until Monday next.
I have engaged 48 teamsters, w^hich I shall send oif with the
horses on Monday, if possible, or on first boat that I can charter.
The purchase of mules will be commenced as soon as I can ar-
rano-e for taking care of them upon favorable terms. The Missis-
sippi is extremely low, and the supply of corn and hay very limited
and prices high. Ours is a cotton i^ountry, and our planters raise
but little surplus, which renders it difficult to take care of siock.
NATHL. ANDERSON,
Quartermaster U. ^. Army.
Major General Tn. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General, Washington city.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 739
Memphis, October 15, 1846.
General: I have completed the purchase of 200 horses ordered,
and enlisted the fifty teamsters, and got them shipped on yesterday,
by the steamer Bulletin, to Colonel Hunt, deputy quartermaster
general a't New Orleans.
On Monday I commenced the purchase of mules, which I shall
Did in reserve here, as orciered,
NATHL. ANDERSON,
Quartermaster U. S. Army,
Major General Th. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General^ Washiyigiou city.
Memphis, Tenn., October 16, 1846,
General: On the 15th instant I advised you that I had shipped,
on the 14th instant, two hundred horses and 50 teamsters to Lieu-
tenant Colonel Hunt, at New Orleans, under your order of 22d Sep-
tember last.
I now enclose one of the contracts under which they were ship-
ped on board the steamer Bulletin and flat boat in tow.
You will also find the contract as made and signed by the team-
sters, with my agreement, on the part of the United States, at
bottom.
I have given extensive notice of the purchase of mules, as per
orcier of the 27th September, and shall commence buying on Mon-
day, 19th instant. Owing to the great advance in cotton, and all
the products of the western country, the price of mules have ad-
vanced considerably- but I shall use every exertion to purchase, at
as moderate prices as possible, mules suited to the service, and hold
them subject to further instructions.
NATHL. ANDERSON,
Quart erm,aster United, States Army.
Major General Th. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General, Washington.
Memphis, October 21, 1S46.
General: I have just received a letter announcing the loss of 58
horses which were shipped by the steamer Bulletin, and her boat
in tow, on 14th instant. There were also lost six bales of hay and
five buckets^ (I suppose there was about one ton of hay.) As soon
as I can obtain a copy of the protest of the boat, and further par-
ticulars, I will report more fully.
General Jesup and Captain Hetzel were here on the 20th, and I
reported the fact (then verbal) of the loss of the horses, &c., and
inquired whether the lost horses should be duplicated. The gen-
eral said he would write from New Orleans.
I have purchased about 90 mules, under the order of the 27th.
740 ^ Ex. Doc. No. 60.
September for 200 to 400 mules to be uonght and held in reserve
itre. If the order is to be extended to the full number of 400, it
S(
hc._. ,_
-will require an additional remiLtance. The mules bought are full
size, well broke, and of suitable age for service. They average in
cost about ^80 to $8.2.
NATHL. ANDERSON,
Quartermaster United States Army,
Major General Th. S. Jesup,
Quartermaster General^ Washington.
Memphis, Tenn., JYovemher 6, 1846.
Sir: On the 21st October I addressed the department advising
the loss of 58 government horses, shipped by the steamer Bulletin,
and flat boat in tow, on the 14th October last.
I now hand enclosed a, certified copy of the protest of the steamer
Bulletin,^ made on 17th October last. Also the cerulicate of Wm.^
F. Allen, agent quartermaster's department appointed by me, and
"who was in charge of the 200 horses and 50 teamsters shipped by
the sttr.mer Eulletin, and fiat boat in tow, on 14th October last.
I also hand you enclosed duplicate receipt of Lieutenant Colonel
T. F. Hunt for horses, forage', &c., delivered by Wm. F. Allen,
agent, on 19th October last.
You will perceive that 58 government horses were lost by the
accident to the flat boat. An agent was left with authority to
search for and receive any of the horses that might escape by
swiriiming ashore, and send them to Lieutenant Colonel Hunt, New
Orleans. 1 have as yet no report of the recovery of any horses
after the steamer left.
NATHL. ANDERSON,
Quartermaster United States Army.
Assistant Quartermaster General U. S. A.
Washington city.
[Extract.]
Memphis, JYovemher 7, 1846.
Str: I have to inform you that, under the order of the depart-
ment of 27tii September to purchase 200 to 400 mules, <'and hold
tbem in reserve at this place or vicinity," I have purchased 250
mules of proper size and age, well broke, which are ready and sub-
ject to the future orders of the department.
S! ould you wish the purchase of mules continued until 400 are
purchased, it will require an additional remittance to enable to do-
so, and I shall have to go to come other point to purchase,. <5r ap-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 741
point an agent or agents to do so, as I believe I have purchased
nearly every mule suited to the service to be found here.
NATHL. ANDERSON,
Quartermaster United States Army.
Assistant Quartermaster General,
Washington city.
Memphis, Tenn., Decerfiber 16, 1846.
Colonel: I have the honor to enclose agreement with Captaia
A. W. Tufts, of steamboat Sultana, for transportation of 150 horses,
40 teamster?;, &c., from this city to Nev/ Orleans, as per or<iers from
Major General T. S. Jesup, quartermaster general United States
army; also the agreement v/ilh the teamsters'for six months' service.
I aiso enclose the agreement made with 56 teams' ers employed
and sent off with Captain Ilarry Toulrain, assistant quartermaster,
■with 350 mules, en route for Camargo or Matamoras, Mexico; all
by order of Major General Jesup.
NATHL. ANDERSON,
Major and Quartermaster United States Jirmy.
CoL. Henry Sta?!Von,
Assistant Quartermaster General U. S. A.^
Washington city.
Memphis, Tenn., December 24, 1S46.
Colonel: I have the honor to enclose roll of 35 teamsters, en-
listed and sent to New Orleans on yesterday, 23d; also contract
with steamer Sulletin for transportation of 50 horses and the 35
men, to be delivered to Lieutenant Colonel T. F. Hunt, deputy
quartermaster general, New Orleans; sent in charge of A. J. Harry,
€sq., agent appointed by me. You will also find bill of lading per
steamer Bulletin for 3 boxes, containing 24 riding saddles, 18
bridles, 13 surcingles, 7 common tents, 6 camp kettles, and 12 rness
pans, received from Captain Harry Toulmin, assistant quartermaster
IJnited States army, now en route to Mexico, via Little Rock,
Arkansas, in charge of 350 mules purchased by me here.
NATHL. ANDERSON,
Major and Quartermaster United States Army,
Col. Henry Stanton, ,
Assistant Quartermaster General U. S. A.,
Washington city.
Memphis, December 31, 1846.
Colonel: I have the honor to enclose roll of 20 teamsters, and
contract for transportation and subsistence of 21 teamsters by the
r42
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
steamer Sultana, Captain A. W. Tufts, consigned to Lieutenant
Colonel T. F. Hunt, deputy quartermaster general, New Orleans.
One of the teamsters, R-ichard N. Graham, was enlisted on 1st
December, and left with Captain Toulmin and the 350 mules for
Mexico, but was taken sick and left on the road. He has reported
to me, and I thought best to forward by way of New Orleans. I
still have to einpioy 100 teamsters to complete the last order of
Major General T. S. Jesup, quartermaster general.
NATHL. ANDERSON,
Major and Quartermaster United States Army.
Col. Henry Stanton,
Assistant Quartermaster Ge?ieral, U. S. A.,'
Washington citi'.
Memphis, January 7, 1847.
Colonel: I have the honor to enclose roll of 25 teamsters em-
ployed by me, and forwarded by steamer Bulletin, Captain Church,
to Lieutentant Colonel T. F. Hunt, deputy quartermaster general,
New Orleans, by order of Major General Jesup, quartermaster gen-
eral. One of the teamsters included in the 25 will report to Colo-
nel Hunt, at New Orleans, Avhich will explain why only 24 are re-
ported on board the Bulletin.
NATHL. ANDERSON,
Major and Quartermaster United States Army.
Col. Henry Stanton,
Assistant Quartermaster General, U. S. A.,
Washington city.
Office W. R. Improvements,
Louisville, JVovemher 2, 1846.
Sir: In accordance with instructions from the quartermaster gen-
eral United States army, of which I herewith send you a " copy ex-
tract," I have made the requisite preliminary arrangements for the
construction of two light draught steamers for service in the Rio
Grande. Triplicates of the contracts entered into for this purpose
on the 14th ult., and to be concluded in due form as early as prac-
ticable in the current month, also drawings explanatory of the
principal parts and dimensions of said boats, will be prepared and
forv.'ardeiJ as early as practicable.
In the meantime I take leave to request that funds for the prose-
cution of the work of construction during the current month, and
to' the amount of ten thousand 'dollars, (which is one-half of the
probable cost of both of saidboats, exclusive of rigging and other
Ex. Doc. No. 60. - 743
articles of outfit, viz: $10,000,) be remitted to my address at this
Diape at your earliest convenience.
S. H. LONG,
Lieut. Col. Topographical Engineers.
Col. Henry Stanton,
Washi7io;to?i.
[Enclosure referred to in preceilinj letter.]
[Extract.]
LouisviLLEj October 12, 1846.
Colonel: I have to request that you will take measures to have
two steamboats, adapted for service in the llio Grande, built at this
place as soon as practicable. Colonel Stanlon, assistant quarter-
master general at Washington, has been directed to furnish you
with the funds necessary for the purpose, on your estimates.
^ ■ -:^ * * * ' * * #
TH. S. JESUP, "
Quartermaster General.
[Extract.]
Office W. R. Improvements,
Louisville^ JVovember 16, 1846.
Sir: Agreeably to instructions from the quartermaster general,
recently received, the boats now building under my directions are
to be employed as lighters across the bars at the mouth of the Rio
Grande, Point Isabel, St. Joseph's, &c. This change of destina-
tion will require a corresponding enhancement in the cost of boats,
in order to adapt thom to sea service. For example, 'the boats must
be furnished with bulwarks from stem to stern, along their main
gunwales; many prarts of the engines must be constructed of copper
instead of iron, to prevent corrosion by salt water; the bottom and
sides, to midvvater line, should be sheated with copper; all of
which I shall attempt to accomplish, so far as it may be done con-
sistently wnth the progress already made in the work of construc-
tion, and with the means <wnd facilities at ray command.
Tiie hulls and engines of the boats are already about half done,
and payments, in terms of the contract, are now due to the amount
of about $8p0d0.
S. H. LONG,
Lieut. Col. Topographical Engineers.
Colonel Henry Stanton,
Washins:ton.
744 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
[Extract.]
Office W. R. Improvements, *
Louisville^ December 16, 1846.
Sir: Since the date of the order for the construction of the boats,
their destination has been changed from fresh to salt water service,
and from river to sea service, thereby causing the cost of the boat
to be materially enhanced. And in a letter from the quartermas-
ter general, dated on the 5th instant, (a copy of which is herewith
enclosed,) the additional expenses, involving an outfit complete of
the boat, will necessarily enhance the cost still more.
Accordingly I take leave to submit a supplementary estimate of
funds which, in addition to the amount already drawn, viz: $20,000,
is believed sufficient to cover all the extras, including outfit, &c.,
required in order to carry o.ut the instructions of the quartermaster
general in relation to the boats in question.
Please cause this amount (vv'hich is believed to be sufficient for
the purposes under consideration) to «be forwarded to my address at
this place: In the event that it should exceed the expenditures re-
quired, the balance will be applied to defray the expense of another
boat about to be built at Cincinnati, under the direction of Captain
Eoardman, for the quartermaster's department.
S. H. LONG,
Lieut. Col. J and agent Q. M. department.
Colonel Henry Stanton,
Washington.
[Extract.]
Office W. R. Improvements,
Louisville.) January 15, 1847.
Sir: I now take leave to inform you that, agreeably to a report
from Captain ]Boardman just received, the first instalment per con-
tract with Messrs. Yeatman & Shields, for the construction of the
steam engines of said boat, is now due; and that the hull and upper
works of the same are so far advanced that the first instalment on
A. F. Temple's contract therefor will be due about a week hence.
S. H. LONG,
Lieutenant Colonel^ Sfc.
Colonel Henry Stanton, Washington.
Office W. R. Improvements,
Louisville.) January 26, 1847.
Sir: The contractors for the construction of the hulls, upper
works and engines of the two steamers authorized to be built under
my directions, by the quartermaster general, have failed to comply
Ex. Doc. No. 60. ' 745
fully witli the stipulations of their contractSj by reason of delays
rendered unavoidable by the state of the weather, and other con-
tingencies that could not have been foreseen at the date of their
contracts.
The occasions of the delays were as follows, to wit:
1st, The occurrence of two extraordinary freshets in succession,
by which the boat yards at which the boats were building were
more or less inundated, and the progress of the v/ork almost entirely
suspended for more than two weeks.
2d. The alterations required in the boats and engines, in order
to render them fit for sea service in salt water, which alterations
were directed to be made by the quartermaster general since the
date of contracts, have contributed to delay the completion of the
work very considerably.
3d. The prevailing inclemency of the weather, which has been
so cold as to prevent all operations on the boats during a large
portion of the current month, has also contributed greatly to ob-
struct the progress of the v/ork.
In consequence, the steamers, although very nearly completed,
are not yet ready for service, but will probably be made ready in
the course of a few days; at any rate, as early as practicable.
S. H. LONG,
Lieutenant Colonel, 4'C.
Colonel Henry Stanton, Washington.
r46 Ex. Doc. No. 60
Copies of General Jesup^s letters after leaving Washington^ in rela-
tion to transportation for General Taylor^ s army.
[Memorandum.]
Pittsburg, October 5, 1846.
Captain Harding was directed to employ carpenters, blacksmiths,
harness makers, and wheelwrights, ten of each, for service v/ith
the army in Mexico, binding them to serve six months, unless
sooner discharged, and to give one month's notice before asking^
for their discharge.
Captain Wilkins was directed to have 100,000 horse and mule-
shoes made, and to keep them in store until further orders.
A. Gordon, esq., agent quartermaster's department, was instructed
to purchase from forty to fifty thousand bushels of oats, and car-
penters', wheelwrights', and saddlers' tools, ten sets of each, and
twenty sets of blacksmiths' tools, and turn them over to Captain
Wilkins for tTansportation to New Orleans.
Steamboat Rio Grande,
JVear JV/i,eeling, October 7, 1846.
Captain: In hiring the mechanics I directed you to hire while in
Pittsburg, on the 5th instant, for service with the army in Mexico,
you are requested to see that none others are employed except such
as are known to be industrious, sober, and good workmen.
You will also employ two or three good machinists, men intimately
acquainted with all the machinery of steamboats, and who have
been accustomed to work in its construction, and send the whole to
New Orleans as early as practicable. One copy of the contracts
(which you should take in triplicate) you will send to Lieutenant
Colonel Hunt, deputy quartermaster general at New Orleans.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster Genxral.
Captain E. Harding,
Acting Quartermaster, Pittsburg.
[Extract.]
Louisville, Ky., October 12, 1846.
, Colonel: I have to request that you will take the measures ta
have the steamboats adapted for services on the Rio Grande built at
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 747
this, place tis soon as practicable, and sent to Lieut. Colonel Hunt,
at New Orleans. Colonel Stanton, assistant quartermaster general,
has been directed to furnish you with the necessary funds for the
purpose, on your estimates. From the experience you have acquired
in building boats, and knowing the kind that are required on that
river^ it will be unnecessary to give you any specific instructions
on the subject. It is important, however, that they should be com-
pleted at the earliest possible day, and I have therefore to request
that you will employ as strong a force as you can get in their con-
struction. I have also to request that you will proceed to Cincin-
nati, and examine three boats, viz : the Peyton, Shelby, and McKee:
and for that one best adapted for the service you are hereby author-
ized to contract for the purchase, stipulating that the said boat
shall be delivered at New Orleans to Lieutenant Colonel T. F.
Hunt, deputy quartermaster general, free of all charges to the
United States, and within a reasonable time — say three weeks at
farthest. Payment to be made by Lieutenant Colonel Hunt, on de-
livery of the boats. Should you contract for the purchase of either
the McKee or the Shelby, I have to request that you will secure
the services of the Messrs. Pearce as master and engineers.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster Geheral.
Lieutenant Colonel S. H. Long,
Topographical Engineers^ present.
Louisville, Ky., October 12, 1846.
Colonel: 1 have requested Lieutenant Colonel Long, topogra-
phical engineers, to have two steamboats built at this place for the
quartermaster's department, for service on the Rio Grande. I hope
his doing so will not interfere with his appropriate duties in your
department.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Colonel J. J. Abert,
Topographical Engiiieers^ Washington.
Louisville, Ky., October 12, 1846.
Colonel: Lieutenant Colonel S. H. Long, topographical engi-
neer, has been authorized to have two boats built at this place for
service on the Rio Grande, and you are requested to supply him
with the necessary funds for that purpose in his estimates. The
cost he thinks will not exceed ten thousand dollars for each boat;
although, as I have directed him to put on all the force he could
748
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
getj 2nd have the boats ready for service in as short a time as pos-
siblcj the cost may be something more.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Colonel Henry Stanton, »
Washington, city.
Steamboat Palo Alto,
J^ear Shawneetown^ October 15, 1846.
Colonel: I have been delayed on my way more than I expected.
One day was spent at Cincinnati, and a day and a half at Louis-
ville, profitably, I believe, as regards the interest of the public
service, as a day and a half had been spent at Pittsburg; but be-
tween the latter place and this vve have lost more than three whole
days by the low state of the water. We passed yesterday after-
noon, a few miles above Evansville, the boats Gopher and Dragon,
transferred from the topographical department. I entertain some
apprehension v/hethcr they will get down before a rise of the
water.
We heard last night at Henderson of the fall of Monterey, and
that an armistice had been concluded. If the latter be true, it may
cause a considerable modification in the immediate operations of
our department. From all the information I can obtain, however,
I am confident that we must have strong, flat bottom slip-keel
schooners, of very light draught, constructed, to secure a coHstant
supply for the troops at the different posts on the gulf which the
government proposes to occupy. From the inquiries I have been
able to make, I believe they might be obtained at Egg Harbor more
suitable to our purposes than elsewhere. I will write to you from
New Orleans again on the subject, when I hope to be able to speak
more definitely. In the mean time, I wish you would set on foot
inquiries to obtain information on which you may be able to act
without a moment's delay should any number of such vessels be re-
quired.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster Ge.neral.
Colonel Henry Stanton,
Washington city.
Steamboat Palo Alto,
Jfear Cairo, October 17, 184$.
Colonel: The horses you were directed to purchase, in a com-
munication from the office dated some time last month, I have to
request you will send to New Orleans, if you have not already done
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 749
so, as early as practicable. The mules will remain at Jefferson
barracks until further orders.
TH. S. Ji:SUP,
Quartermaster General.
Lieutenant ColonerMACKAY,
Deputy Quartermaster Genefal, St. Louis.
New Orleans, October 28, 1S46.
Colonel: Captain Heintzelman has just arrived v/ith the tow
boats, concerning which I wrote you from Memphis on the 20th
instant.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Colonel Hensy Stanton,
Washington city.
New Orleans, October 31, 1846.
Captain: On the receipt of this you are requested to inform me
to what extent the department may rely upon obtaining mules in
Mexico, either by purchase or hire.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain G. H. Crosman,
Assistant Quartermaster ^ Camargo.
New Orleans, October 31, 1846.
Captain: Ag you are returning to the head-quarters of General
Taylor, I have to request that you will, as inspector, look into the
affairs of the department at the several posts and stations. It is
important that I should know the extent of th*^ means of transnor-
tation, the quantity of camp equipage, forao;e, &c., on hand. Vou
■will therefore ascertain how many vessels of different kinds, horses
mules, wagons, &c., are at the different points, and whether they
are forming trains of teams at Brazos and sending them up the
river, and report to me fully in these matters, and all others con-
nected with the affairs of the depariment. I particularly desire to
know to what Extent we may rely upon obtaining mules in the
country, either by purchase or hire.
TH. S. JESUP,
♦ Quartermaster General,
Captain A. C. Myers,
Assistant Quartermaster,
750 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
New Orleans, Octoler 31, 1846.
Major: Captain Myers has been directed, as inspector, to look
into the affairs of the department at the several posts and stations
in Mexico,, on his way to the head-quarters of General Taylor, and
report the extent of the means of transportation, &c ; and Captain
Crosman has been requested toTeport to what extent we may rely
upon the country for obtaining mules. These orders were given
as it was not known to what point to address you. As Captain
Myers, however, will have but little time to enter into details, I
have to request you will, on the receipt of this, or as soon thereaf-
ter as practicable, make a detailed report to me on the subject,
stating the number of vessels, horses, mules, oxen, wagons, camp
equipage, forage, &c.,with the army and at the several depots, and
whether the means of transportation cannot be increased should
the general, on the application of the department, call upon the
authorities of the country.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major S. McRee, Quartermaster.
New Orleans, October 31, 1846.
Captain: On the receipt of this, I have to request you to make
a detailed report of the means of transportation at your station.
It is understood that all the vessels on the Rio Grande are under
your orders, and in furnishing a list of them you will state the
degree of efficiency of each.
Captain E. A. Ogden,
Assistant Quartermaster^ U. S. A.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
New Orleans, Ocfoher 31, 1846.
Captain: I am anxious to be advised of the extent of the means
of transportation now with the army and at the several depots.
You will therefore, on the receipt of this, make a detailed report
on the subject, and state the number of vessels, horses, mules,
oxen, wagons, &c., now at the disposal of the department for
which you are accountable.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain J. M. Hill,
Assistcmt Qiiariei master J Brazos island.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 751
• New Orleans, Jfovemher 2, 1846.
Sir: You will purchase one hundred mules in addition to those
already ordered, and proceed with them via Little Rock to the Rio
Grande, cith-er to Camargo or Matamoras. Should you require
additional funds, you are hereby authorized to draw on Lieutenant
Colonel T. F. Hunt, deputy quartermaster general at this place.
On your arrival at your destination you will report either to
Colonel Whiting or Major McRee for duty with the army. Mr.
Johnson, a gentleman who has just been appointed a wagon and
forage master in the army, has been directed to report to you for
duty in the department. He will aid you in conducting the mules
across the country.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major N. Anderson, ,
Quartermaster United States Army.
[Extract.]
New Orleans, JVovember 2, 1846.
Colonel: Major N. Anderson, quartermaster, now at Memphis,
Las-been directed to purchase one hundred mules in addition to
those already ordered, and proceed with them to the Rio Grande,
via Little Rock.
To Colonel Henry Stanton,
iVas king ton city.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
[Extract.]
New Orleans, Kovemher 2, 1846.
Colonel: I have looked into the condition of the department,
and I have had an interesting report verbally from Captain Ogden,
who is here, of the state of things at the Brazos and on the Rio
Grande, and it affords me the greatest satisfaction to say that we
are prepared for the most searching investigation. If the army has
wanted anything due from our department which we have had the
means of furnishing, it is because it has not been required by the
commanding general. Everything required by him, and infinitely
more, has been accomplished. I shall make a full report to the
Secretary of War, on the subject of that officer's complaints, as
soon as I can obtain in an official form the information I already
possess.
To Colonel Henry Stanton,
Washington city.
TIL S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
752 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
New Orleans, JVovemher 3, l846.
Major: In employing: men to assist in conducting the mules
from Memphis to the Rio Grande, you will see that none are
employed save such as you know to be good and efficient teamsters.
They might bind themselves to serve for a period of six monthsj
unless sooner discharged, give one month's notice before asking
their discharge, and agree that one-third of their pay shall be with-
held until the fulfilment of the contract.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major N. Anderson, .,
Quartermaster J Memphis^ Tenn.
New Orleans, Jfovemher 4, 1846.
Major: Instead of conducting the mules across the country to
the Rio Grande, as directed in my letter of the 2d instant, you will
remain at Memphis until further orders. An assistant quartermaster
will be directed to report to you for duty in a few days, by whom
you can send the mules to their destination.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major N. Anderson,
Quartermaster, Memphis^ Tenn.
Nev/ Orleans, JYovember 4, 1846.
Colonel: I am thus far on my way on a tour of inspection of
the affairs of the department. We have been denounced by Gen-
eral Taylor, as well as by many other officers, and others — as I
believe, most unjustly; and it is my purpose to investigate the facts
and report them to the War Department. I shall then demand the
most searching investigation, not only of iny own conduct, but of
that of the whole department. I am willing to take upon myself
and the department the whole responsibility that properly belongs
to me and to it, but I mean that others shall bear the responsibility
that properly belongs to them.
I received from Colonel (now General) Twiggs a requisition for
one hundred and ninety-two horses and equipments. As well as I
remember, that is the only requisition I have received from the army
in Mexico. Now, every one with the slightest professional knowl-
edge_or experience knows that it is the duty of the government to
indicate the object to be accomplished in a campaign; it is then the
duty of the general who is to command to call for the means neces-
sary to accomplish the object. If he waits for others to guess
what he wants, ?.ud fails to give orders, or make requisitions in
time, the whole responsibility rests upon him; and whatsoever the
consequences, he must bear it. All this, however, relates to the
past; now for the future. I am here to render any service in my
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 753
power, and to give the necessary orders, and take the necessary
responsibility, to render our branch of the service as efficient as it
can be made, and to carry out the views of the general in every
particular to the letter. If necessary, I will go into the field and
serve under his orders as a staff officer. I desire his success, and
will do all in my power to insure it.
Can you not make an arrangement of the quartermasters and as-
sistants appointed under the act of last session so as to throw more
duty upon them? The w^hole of the responsibility, as well as most
of the labor, devolves upon the regular officers of the department.
Those gentlemen must perform their share of the duties — they must
be required to perform it; and if they fail to do so, they will have
to give place to others.
I desire, as soon as possible, a report in detail of the operations
of the departpaent under your direction, from the commencement
of the campaign.
I am apprehensive there are not sufficient means for lightering
vessels at Brazos to the mouth of the river. Was it not a mistake
to place the depot at the Brazos, in place of the mouth?
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Colonel H. Whitimg,
Assistant Quartermaster General^
Camargo, or Monterey.
[Extract.]
Quartermaster's Department,
JVovemher 5, 1846.
Colonel: A gentleman in Philadelphia has two iron steam pro-
pellers of light draught. I have forgotten his name, but you, I
think, have seen his boats. The Hon. Mr. Cameron took some in-
terest in behalf of the owner. If they would not draw more than
five feet loaded, they would answer our purposes admirably. If
they are in the fine order they were represented in the summer, they
would be a valuable acquisition to the public, and would greatly
facilitate the service. I would advise the purchase of them imme-
diately. If purchased and sent out, a spare propeller and spare
shaft should be sent with each. I beg of you to attend to this mat-
ter immediately.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
To Col. Henry Stanton, Washington city.
48
754 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
[Extract.]
Head-quarters, Quartermaster's Department,
, JYew Orleans, JYovember 8, 1846.
Colonel: I have opened the letters received here to-day from
General Wool's division, and I cannot express to you how much I
am provoked that the mules and horses intended for the Rio Grande
have been seized upon by Major Thtfmas and retained with that di-
vision. With proper energy, ox teams (the only means of trans-
portation adapted to that country) could have been obtained in suf-
ficient numbers for all necessary purposes.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
To Col Henry Stanton, Washington city.
Head quarters, Q. M. General's Department,
JYew Orleans, JYovember 16, 1846.
Major: You are requested to purchase an additional supply of
two hundred horses, and keep them at Memphis until further orders.
Buy none but such as are youngs active, and at least fifteen hands
high. You are authorized to dra\^ on Colonel Hunt for the funds
necessary to carry out these instructions.
I am, major, &c.,
TH. S. JESUP,
Qtiarfermaster General.
Major Nathl. Anderson,
Quartermaster, Memphis. Tenn.
New Orleans, JS^oveinher 16, 1846.
' Captain: I have just received your letter to Lieutenant Colonel
Hunt, of the 2d instant. In assigning the officers of the depart-
ment to the several divisions, you were included among those as-
signed to General Wool's division. It is, therefore, proper that all
reports necessary for the information of the general be made to
Major Thomas. From your reports and letters received at Wash-
ington city, 1 was inclined to believe that we might rely, to
some extent, on the resources of Texas for transportation. I was
so assured, also, by Texans, and among them General Rusk. Ox
teams I knew were better adapted to the service in that country
than any other. They go further without water, and subsist on what
the woods and prairies afford. I was therefore greatly disappointed
when I found that the officers of the department had not availed
themselves of tha t resource. I desire you now to report to me
what number of wagons, with oxen, could have been obtained in
Texas, what number of hired wagons and teams have been in the
public service, what number are now in service, and what num-
ber of wagons and teams have been purchased in Texas, and
what number have been organized from the wagons and mules
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 755
sent to La Vaca. I desire also to know how many carts were em-
ployed, and how many might have been employed.
In addition to the information on the subject of means of trans-
portation, I desire to know when the crops were so matured as to
afford forage for the horses and cattle of the trains and the corps.
Should operations continue in the direction in which General
Wool is carrying them on, can he be supplied from La Vacal If
so, what will be the greatest amount of supplies required, and what
the number of wagons, carts and pack mules required? Report oa
these matters as early as practicable.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain J, R. Irwin,
Assistant Quartermaster^ La Vaca, Texas.
New Orleans, JYovember 17, 1846.
Colonel: The almost utter impossibility of supplying the army
in Mexico with the necessary draught animals, (should operations
be resumed on a large scale,) either in transports by sea, or by land
through Louisiana and Texas, renders it an imperious duty to draw
our resources as much as possible from the enemy's country. I
calculated, at the commencement of the campaign, largely upon
the mules of Mexico for pack?, and to fill our trains. Your letters,
received before I left Washington, informed me of the extent to
which you had availed yourself of them. It is important now that
all that may be wanted for additional trains be purchased and
broke to the wagons as soon as possible. In my first campaign in
Florida, I had wild Mexican mules only to operate from Tampa
Bay; they were not so large as the mules of our own country, but
•were much more hardy and durable, and for that reason I always
preferred them. In the country extending from Matamoras to Ag-
najo, (now, I believe, called Victoria,) there are at least ten thou-
sand mules, from three to four thousand of which are broke to
the pack-saddle. The muleteer dislikes to part with his pack
mule, but the wild mules are easily broke to draught, and any
number of them required might be obtained on application to the
alcaldes and curas, supported by the authority of the generaL
Let this be done, and inform me of the result.
I sent forward, through Texas, four hundred mules, and be-
tween three and four hundred horses. They were intended to
arrive on the Rio Grande with the mounted Kentucky and Ten-
nessee regiments; but Captain Drum, who had charge of them,
halted them at San Antonio de Bexar, and Major Thomas, without
authority, seized upon them, and attached them to General Wool's
division. The horses were intended for the artillery of General
Taylor's division; for, though I had no requisition from the
ordnance or the artillery, I thought it advisable to send them, as
mules were going through at the same time. The mules were in-
tended to meet the immediate wants of the service consequent upon
the arrival of so large a mounted force.
756 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
I send you a memorandum of the materials, workmen, &c,, re-
quired to keep a train of a hundred wagons constantly efficient. It
is based upon our experience in Florida. If your means are not
abundant and complete, let them be made so without delay.
In the event of operations, what number of pack mules, with
muleteers and arriero?, can be relied on? If General Taylor oc-
cupy Victoria, it must be supplied either through Tampico, if he
take that place also, or through the bay of Santander.
Give me your views in as much detail as possible in regard to
the country, its resources, &c.
I am, colonel, most respectfully, &c.,
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Colonel H. Whiting,
Assistant Quartermaster General^ Monterey, Mexico.
Head-quarters, Q. M. General's Department,
JVew Orleans, JYovember 18, 1846.
Major: The bearer of this. Captain Toulmin, has instructions to
receive from you all the mules in your possession and conduct them
to the Rio Grande, and to purchase on his route an additional
number, so as to increase the drove to 450 or 500. You will ac-
cordingly turn over to him funds sufficient for this purpose, and
for defraying the expenses of forage, ferriage, &c. Forage mas-
ter Johnson will accompany him, with the teamsters you were
directed in my letter of the 3d instant to employ.
Captain Toulmin takes with him from this place an ample sup-
ply of camp and garrison equipage, pack saddles, &c. Should he
require any other articles than he takes with him, you will provide
them. To prevent stampedes, and to facilitate the driving, you
•will purchase three or four gray mares, with bells, one to be at-
tached to each drove; or should all the mules go in the same dr©ve,
the mares will be kept at proper intervals, so as to prevent them
from straying.
In your letter of the 9th instant, received yesterday, you state
that wagons will be required. They are not considered necessary.
The provisions, camp equipage, &c., can be packed; and as to
grain for the animals; it is believed it can be procured in sufficient
abundance on the route, and even should they be compelled to do
"wfthout grain occasionally, it will not injure them.
If you can add to the number of mules during the day or two
Captain Toulmin is making his necessary preparations for the jour-
ney, you will do so. But it is very important he should start with
the least possible delay.
I am, major, respectfully, &c.,
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major Nathl. Anderson,
(^mrt^rmast'ir) Memphis, Tennessee.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. ' 757
Head-quarterSj Q. M. General's Department,
JVew Orleans^ JVovember 18, 1846.
Captain: You will proceed to Memphis, Tennessee, and report
to Major Anderson, quartermaster, for duty.
Major Anderson has been instructed to turn over all the mules
in hi's possession, which you will conduct J;o the Rio Grande by the
most practicable route, passing through Little Rock and Washing-
ton, Arkansas. On your arrival at the Rio Grande you will turn
the mules over to the quartermaster at Matamoras, Brazos de San-
tiago, or wherever you ascertain they are most needed; and then
report yourself by letter to General Taylor and Colonel Whiting,
and in person to the senior officer of the department on the Rio
Grande, for further instructions. It is understood that Major An-
dersen has at present only 350 mules. It is desirable that the
number should be increased to 450 or 500; and you will there-
fore purchase all you can obtain on the route, suitable for the ser-
vice. Major Anderson has been instructed to turn over funds to
you for that purpose, and for defraying the expenses of forage,
ferriage, &c.
I am. Captain, respectfully, your obedient servant,
TH. S. JESUP,
Major General^ and Quartermaster General.
Captain H. Toulmin,
Assistant Quartermaster U. S. A.,JVeiv Orleans.
Memoranda for Captain Ogden.
1. Did not Colonel Cross, on his own responsibility and without
the aid or authority of any one, organize the train used in the
movement from Corpus Christi to the Rio Grande?
2. What number of Mackinac or other boats, public or private,
were at Point Isabel and Brazos de Santiago when th^ battles of
the 8th and 9th were fought? and could they not have been trans-
ported to Fort Brown on wagons?
3. Were 12-pounder cannon, without carriages, taken in wagons
of the quartermaster's department? Who was the officer of the
department that committed this error?
4. Were the 18-pounders delayed at Point Isabel; and at whose
instance or by whose order were they ultimately taken forward;
and how were they transported to the battle-fields of the 8th and
9th of May?
&. By whose orders was a portion of the boats sent through La-
guana Madre, or Padre, towards Point Isabel, about the time the
army moved from Corpus Christi; and was an order given or effort
made to recover them and ship them round, when it was found
they could not be gotten through the lagoon?
6. When was the ammunition of the army about to take the field
ordered from Point Isabel? When was it turned over to you for
758 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
transportation? And why was the movement of it to Camargo de-*
layed?
I wish as precise and minute answers to the foregoing questions
as Captain Ogden can give.
TH. S. JESUP.
New Orleans, JYovember 18, 1846.
Head-quarters, Q. M. General's Department,
JVew Orleans J JYovember 24, 1846.
Colonel: I enclose, herewith, a plan and specifications for a
steamer which I have to request you will have built under the su-
pervision of the bearer, Captain N. P. Boardman, the inventor,
cither at Louisville or Cincinnati, wherever it can be done at the
least cost and in the shortest time. Any modifications that may
occur to Captain B., during the progress of the construction, you
will permit him to make, should you be convinced of the advantage
of doing so. The funds necessary for the purpose will be remitted
to you by Colonel Stanton, on your estimates.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Lieut. Col. S. H. Long,
Topographical Engineers^ Louisville., Ky.
[Extract.]
Head-quarters, Quartermaster's Department,
Jfew Orleans J JVovember 24, 1846.
Colonel: Colonel S. H. Long, topographical engineers, has been
instructed to build another steamer at Louisville, agreeably to a
plan presented by Capt. N. P. Boardman, theinventor. The plan is
the same as that of the Mentoria, a vessel now belonging to the de-
partment, and one which has rendered more eflficient service than
any other steamer at the Brazos. She is to be built under Captain
Boardman's supervision, and will cost probably $16,000
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
To Col. Henry Stanton, Washington city.
Head-quarters, Quartermaster's Department,
JYew Orleans J JVovember 25, 1846.
Colonel: Having succeeded in purchasing the Alabama, the
necessity for purchasing the Georgia no longer exists, and you are
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 759
therefore requested, unless you have already closed the contract,
not to do so.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
To Col. Henry Stanton, Washington city.
New Orleans, JYovemher 27, 1846.
Colonel: General Taylor, in an official despatch to the adjutant
general of the army, complained that you failed to furnish a
steamer which he required Major Thomas to call upon you for in
May. I wish you to state to me, officially, when you received the
requisition, and also why it was not complied with; also, whether
there was any other order or requisition of General Taylor that was
not complied with. I wish an answer to-day.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Lieut Colonel Tho. F. Hunt,
Deputy Q. M. General, JVew Orleans.
New Orleans, JYovember 28, 1846.
Colonel: General Taylor has complained, officially, to the ad-
jutant general, that his dragoons were disabled for want of shoes.
Did General Taylor order you to furnish shoes for them, or did the
commander of the dragoons make a requisition on you for horse-
shoes, shoeing tools, or iron"? 1 wish to use your answer in an
official report, and I would be glad to receive it as early as you
can make it.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Lieut Col. T. F. Hunt,
Deputy Q. M. General, JVew Orleans.
[Extract.]
Head-quarters, Q. M. General's Department,
Jfew Orleans, December 3, 1846.
Colonel: I have to acknowledge your letter of the 23d .ultimo,
with its enclosures, received this morning. All the information
that I have obtained from Mexico since my arrival here con-
firms my views of last spring. Mules can be had in Mexico in
any number that w.e may require: and I have contracted with an
able and efficient man to deliver to the officers of the department
in Mexico, within the month, and subject to their inspection, tw®
thousand mules at twenty-five dollars a head — as many to be broke
mules as can be obtained, and to give his personal attention to
760 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
breaking the balance. Major Anderson consequently has been
directed to purchase no more mules, and similar instructions will
be given to all other officers purchasing in the United States.
Horses, however, must still be forwarded, as those of Mexico are
unsuitable to dragoon and artillery purposes, and the supply is un-
certain.
TH. S. JESUP,
, Quartermaster General.
Col. Henry Stanton, Washington city.
New Orleans, December 5, 1846.
Major: Send down, as rapidly as possible, the horses which you
were requested to purchase on the 16th ultimo. Send at least
twenty of them without being branded, as they are wanted for
officers, who are allowed to take them at the original cost and
charges. Of those not branded send a list, with the prices, also
the cost of foraging them and their transportation.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major N. Anderson,
Quartermaster J Memphis^ Te?messee.
[Extract.]
Brazos Santiago, Texas,
December 26, 1S46.
Colonel: I have received your letter of the 4th and 11th inst.
The Eudora is here, and is an excellent boat. I am glad you have
purchased the "Ocean" and the "Ashland." For this service,
however, the two latter named boats require strengthening. An
excellent seaman, who is well acquainted with the boats, informed
me, a few days ago, that unless their deck timbers were strength-
ened and strongly kneed down, there would be great danger of
their becoming loose from the hulls. If they shall not leave Phila-
delphia before the receipt of this letter, I will thank you to have
this matter attended to. I agree with you entirely in relation to
side wheel steamers. I have purchased two since I have been in
this country — the Alabama and Fashion. The former is an excel-
lent sea steamer, but the latter is not suited to rough weather. I
propose to use her, during the winter, in the bay of Tampico and
on the Panuco river, which can be navigated in the direction of
San Luis Potosi about seventy-five or eighty miles, and she will
carry an armament sufficient to defend her; and in the- spring,
when there is no danger from the northers, she %rill make an ex-
cellent despatch boat.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Col. Henry Stanton, Washington city.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 761
Brazos Santiago, Texas,
December 26, 1846.
Major: In addition to the two hundred teamsters which you were
ordered to engage and send to Lieutenant Colonel Hunt, on the 6th
instant, you will employ two hundred additional teamsters, all men
of good character and industrious habit, to serve six months unless
sooner discharged. You will send them to Lieutenant Colonel Hunt
as you employ them, in parties of from ten to thirty or forty. They
are required for service in Mexico.
• TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Major N. Anderson,
Quartermaster, Memphis ^ Tennessee.
Head-quarters, Q. M. General's Department,
Brazos Santiago, December 28, 1846.
Colonel: I have decided to have another boat built for a lighter,
similar to the plan and specifications herewith, numbered 2. Captain
Harrison, the bearer, I have employed to superintend the building
thereof, under your directions. You can have her built either at
Louisville, New Albany, or Cincinnati, w^herever it can be done on
the best terms and in the shortest time. It is important she should
be ready for service at as early a day as practicable.
Captain Harrison will apprise you of the importance of having
the boilers in the hold. For the service required of them here,
vessels thus constructed are far preferable to those with the boilers
on deck.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Lieut. Col. S. H. Long,
Topographical Engineers, Louisville, Ky.
Head-quarters, Q, M. General's Department,
Brazos Santiago, December 28, 1846.
Sir : I wish you to proceed, without delay, to Loujsville, Ken-
tucky, and report to Lieutenant Colonel Long, topographical engi-
neers, who has been directed to build a boat according to your. plan
numbered 2. You will, under the direction of Colonel Long, super-
intend its construction; and I wish you to hasten the work as much
as you can. When completed, you will take command of her, and,
"with competent engineers and crew, bring her to this place, to be
used as a lighter, or in such other manner as shall be directed.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Captain Harrison,
Brazos Santiago. Texas.
762 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Head-quarters, New Orleans,
* January 13, 1847.
Colonel: In reply to your letter of the 21st ultimo, -which has
just been received, I have to state that arrangements will be made
here for supplying the army with pack-saddles. It is found that
the Mexican pattern is better adapted to the service than any other.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General,
Col. Henry StantoNj
Assistant Quartermaster General^ Washington.
New Orleans, January 13, 1847.
Colonel: I received last night your letter of the 11th ultimo.
The subject of transportation should not give you the slightest em-
barrassment. You have ample means in the country, and you must
use them. The transportation required and used by the army in
Mexico is so enormous as to cause not only great embarrassment to
the public service, but to cause a drain upon the treasury unpar-
allelled in any other period of our history or in any other service
in the world. Not a single wheel should ever have been used in
Mexico, except for artillery. The enemy uses none, and to make
our operations effective we must do as he does. As to packing sub-
sistence, there should be no difficulty. The second officer of the
commissary's department is in Mexicoj require him to have his sub-
sistence put up in such packages as shall be readily transported.
He has certainly had time enough to have the system of his depart-
ment adapted to the circumstances of the country in which the war
is going on. Have you made the proper representations to the com-
manding general on the subject? If you have not, let it be done
at once, and let the general or the subsistence department be res-
ponsible if the difficulty of which you complain be continued. All
the drivers for company and regimental purposes should be taken
from the army. I hope you have made written requisitions for
them whenever you have required their services. The time is
coming when the evidence of your having done so will be necessary
to your own vindication, as well as to that of the department.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Colonel Henry Whiting,
Assistant Quartermaster General^
Head quarters^ Army of Occupation^ Mexico.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 763
Head-quarterSj Q. M. General's Department,
JVew Orleansj January 15, 1847.
Colonel: Accompanying, I send you two reports of Lieutenant
Colonel T. F. Hunt, deputy quarternaaster general at this place,
"with accompanying communications which relate to the subject of
complaints made by Major General Taylor against this department,
and which, if needful, you can use in its vindication.
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
To Colonel Henry Stanton,
Washington city.
[Enclosures referred to in the above.]
Deputy Quartermaster General's Office,
JVew Orleans^ JVovemher 27, 1846.
General: I have the honor to report, in reply to your instruc-
tions of this date, that the first requisition which I received for a
light draught steamboat, after the army of occupation reached the
Rio Grande, I received on the 23d of May, from Major Thomas,
quartermaster, dated Fort Polk, the 18th of that month; herewith
is a copy. Under this requisition I used every effort in my power
to procure a suitable boat, without success. I directed Captain
Cross, assistant quartermaster, then on duty with me, to look at the
different boats in port with a view to purchase, and his report was
that none could be found. One was expected, the Arkansas, No.
6, which he thought would answer; but she did not arrive so soon
as was expected, and when she did, she was deemed unfit from her
size. Subsequently, on the 20th of July, Captain Cross made to
me, at my request, a written report, a copy of which is herewith.
In the night of the 3d of June I received another requisition (11
days after the first) from Major Thomas, dated May 31st, (13 days
after the first,) for four light draught steamboats; herewith is a
copy. I enclosed to you at Washington a copy, with copies of
other papers, on the 4th of June, and herewith I hand an extract
from my letter.
- I also hand you herewith a copy of another letter of Major
Thomas, dated May 31st, received at the same time as the last, and
a copy of a copy of one (enclosed to me) from Captain Bliss, as-
sistant adjutant general, to Major Thomas, dated May 24th.
Captain John Sanders, of the corps of engineers, came over in the
Alabama, with instructions from General Taylor in regard to light
draught steamboats, which he made known to me, and which he
permitted me to take a copy of; a copy was enclosed to you under
date of June 4th, as shown by the extract from my letter of that
date. With a view to the carrying out of General Taylor's views,
so far as I had information of them, I recognized Captain Sanders
764 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
as an agent of the quartermaster's department, and gave him in-
structions accordingly, a copy of which is herewith.
In consequence of the second requisition of Major Thomas' for
four boats, I procured as early as practicable, either by charter or
purchase, several light draught boats, and despatched them without
any delay to Brazos Santiago; and some of them were the more
readily procured from the fact, I presume, that information had
gone up the river, because of our inquiries under the first requisi-
tion, that light draught boats were wanting.
I deny, in the most emphatic terms, the imputation of neglect in
furnishing boats under either requisition, and this report will show
the extent of my failure to send a boat or boats.
THOMAS F. HUNT,
Deputy Quartermaster General.
To Major General Th. S. Jesup,
JVew Orleans.
Deputy Quartermaster General's Office,
J\''ew OrleanSj JYovember 30, 1846.
General: I have the honor to report, under your instructions of
the 28th instant, in regard to horse-shoes for General Taylor's
army —
1st. That I received no order from General Taylor to furnish
horse-shoes.
2d. That I received no requisition from the commander of the
dragoons for horse-shoes.
3. That I received requisitions from officers of the quartermaster's
department after the army arrived on the Rio Grande, viz:
On the 23d of June last, one from Major Thomas, quartermaster,
dated June 19, for five hundred (500) mule-shoes.
On the 1st of August, one from Major McRee, quartermaster, (on
a requisition of Captain Sibley, assistant quartermaster,) dated 24th,
for two thousand (2,000) horse-shoes.
On the 1st of August, one from Colonel Whiting, assistant quar-
termaster general, dated July 21, und^r cover from Major McRee,
for ten thousand (10,000) horse and mule-shoes, the number of each
not stated.
On the 21st of September I received a letter from Colonel Whiting,
dated Camargo, September 3d, in which he says: " The articles
which I require of you are now coming in. Their coming in is
most opportune. Had not the horse and mule-shoes arrived, the
movement would have been much embarrassed. But they answer
only for the movement. About ten thousand have come in. They
will only shoe the animals once. If you have not already sent on
more, please set forward some 30,000 without delay, one-half mule
and one-half horse, with a suitable quantity of nails."
On the 10th of October I received a requisition from Captain
Hill, assistant quartermaster, dated October 3d, enclosed in a Jetter
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 765
of the 5th, for twelve thousand (12,000) horse and eleven thousand
(11,000) mule-shoes.
4th. And that I shipped as follows:
Mule-shoes. Horse-shoes.
June 30th, 500
August 11th, 5,500 5,000
August 19th, 4,023 3,028
October 1st, 920 3,650
October 22d, 2,400
October 27th, 19,308 14,125
October 31st, 12,000
November 14th, 10,000 1,600
40,251 41,803
Deduct (the vessel by which ship-
ped put back from sea in distress) 500
39,751
All the iron and horse-shoe nails res[uired of me I furnished.
I would add, that I received, on the 5th of June, instructions
from you, dated May 28th, to take measures to procure twelve
thousand horse and the same number of mule-shoes, with a suitable
proportion of nails, and have them ready for transportation to any
point at which they may be required, at as early a day as practi-
cable.
Finding great difficulty in getting shoes here, as is shown by a
copy of a letter herewith from Layton & Co., of this city, dated
October 6th, I wrote to Lieutenant Colonel Mackay, deputy quar-
termaster general, St. Louis, on the 6th of October, thus: "It is
very difficult to get horse and mule shoes here; and I will thank
you to have 10,000 of each kind made and sent to me, provided
they can be done in a short time — say ten or fifteen days — but send
them in parcels as fast as made. Invoice to me as so many shoes
or pairs, not parcels. Each horseshoe should weigh | lb., and mule
shoe I lb.; the holes for nails well punched. If you can succeed
in having them made rapidly, please do it, and extend the number
to 10,000 pairs of each kind."
It is shown above that I had shipped, before the receipt of Col-
onel Whiting's letter of the 3d of September, 9,523 mule-shoes, the
500 first shipped and returned being deducted, and 8,028 horse-shoes,
making of the two kinds 17,551; and that the number required (re-
quisitions for which were received before his letter) was 12,500 of
the two kinds — that is, 5,051 sent over the number for which I had
received requisitions.
THOMAS F. HUNT,
Deputy Quartermaster General.
General Thos. S. Jesup,
JS'ew Orleans.
766 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
New Orleans, October 6, 1846.
Respected Sir: We raurh regret that the slow manner in which
we have been enabled to supply your pressing orders for horse and
mule shoes could not be avoided. No energy or means have been
lacking on our part; and you will remember, dear sir, that but a
short time past, when you informed us that you wanted a large
quantity, to shield ourselves of blame we transferred yours and
your order to a blacksmith of this city. We have a large amount
of iron on hand, which we have given to the smiths on credit, to
have shoes made for your orders, but all to no purpose. Our sum-
mer has been so warm that men could not stand at their fires, and in
making horse-shoes it requires to be constantly at the forge; and few
or none would undertake to make them, although by you allowed
to make their own termsj or, in other words, to give them their
own price.
We sincerely hope now, as cold weather is about to set in, that
your orders for horse-shoes and other articles may meet with more
rapid despatch. In the summer months all kinds of merchandise in
this city is low, for we live at such a distance from the northern
manufactories that an order must necessarily await its being order-
ed and coming. The winds of heaven are not controlled by man.
We have sent some 10,000 lbs. of iron to Louisiana penitentiary
for upwards of a month past, and receive from them, or the proprie-
tors of that establishment, 500 shoes in two weeks time, and very
badly made; that is to say, they take two weeks to make five hun-
dred horse-shoes.
LAYTON & CO.
To Colonel T. F. Hunt,
Jfew Orleans.
Head-quarters, Q. M. General's Department,
JYew Orleans, January 15, 1847.
Colonel: I enclose two letters from Colonel Whiting for file in
the office, as well as for your information; and I urgently recom-
mend that measures be at once taken to carry out the suggestions
of the colonel in regard to teamsters. The Military Committee of
the House propose to authorize a regimental quartermaster to each
regiment. Endeavor to have a principal teamster, with the rank
and compensation of quartermaster sergeant, and two teamsters to
each company, with the pay of artificers. This would really be a
great saving of expense, and would greatly add to the efficiency of
our means of transportation. It would give us to every regiment
an able and responsible director and twenty teamsters.
TH. S. JESUP,
• Quartermaster General.
To Colonel Henry Stanton,
Washington city.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. ^ ' 767
[The following is an extract from an enclosure in the above.]
Camp near Monterey, Mexico,
JVovember 30, 1846.
General: Your letter of the 4th was received by our last ex-
press. I am glad that you are thus far, and hope you will come
farther; at least as far as the mouth of the river. I told General
Taylor of your liberal offer to join his head- quarters if he desired
it. He seemed to appreciate the compliment; but, I suppose, would
find it even more unpleasant than you to see his former senior sub-
ordinate to him. It would be a great relief to me to have you here,
as the burden which I bear is a heavy one; but I have no fear of
responsibility, and shall at all times be ready to take that share
which belongs to me. I do not think the general imputes any
blame to our department at Washington. He knows very well that
his requisitions are made here, and not there. I infer that he re-
gards the government as in fault, in having crowded such an addi-
tional force upon him in advance of all means to use them to
advantage. Thousands of troops were at Brazos before we had the
means of moving them up the river. It is true, it may have been
expected they would move by land; but just at that time the water
rose and flooded the country. Land movements were out of the
question. And it was well known at Washington that wagons
would not, and could not, be at the Brazos until about the 1st Sep-
tember, and mules for them not as soon. This I understood as I
passed through that city. The troops may have anticipated even the
government itself. When I. left Washington it did not seem to
have been expected that they would move for some weeks then.
Large bodies of them were off, I found, as I passed down the river.
General Wool, as he passed through New Orleans, appropriated
to his column such means of transportation as he deemed ne-
cessary. This may have been a matter of course. The means
gathering there were for his purposes as well as General Taylor's ;
still, this army felt the inconvenience of the withdrawal, at the
outset of its intended movements, of some two or three hundred
wagons which were on their way to the Brazos. Again, more
than a thousand horses and mules which Captain Drum took to
San Antonio, through some misapprehension or the want of in-
structions, were appropriated to that column, when they were, as
I now hear from Major Thomas, intended for this.
Jj= These two causes, without any other, were sufficient to embarrass
the movements of General Taylor from the beginning of his move-
ments to the present time. General Wool has now more wagon
transportation with his column, of less than three thousand, than
General Taylor has with all his forces. This is not stated as a
complaint. General Wool knew that his march was to be a long
land march.
We have availed ourselves largely of mules; but scarcely any
thing, either subsistence or quartermaster's stores, comes to us in
a shape for packing. A troublesome and expensive remodelling
768 Ex. Doc. No. 60. ,
of nearly every package has to take place before it can be put upon
the back of a mule.
We have an abundance of wagons now at the Brazos, and are
setting them up as fast as mules can be had. Colonel Hunt is
shipping the latter, and we are buying largely. There is no dif-
ficulty in getting mules here, as I have often reported. They are
small, but they are cheap. At this time we have with the army
about four hundred and fifty wagons. One thousand would not be
too many for present purposes. We have great difficulty in get-
ting and in keeping drivers. The present system should be
changed. I propose that one man, or two at most, be enlisted as
a part of each company in service, to serve as drivers or hostlers
when needed. They could have the pay of artificers. This would
save one-half the expense, and double the efficiency. They would
be at hand and under control. Whether each regiment should
have in addition a principal teamster, with the pay of quarter-
master sergeant, might also be considered.
Our supplies are now ample in all articles, so far as I know. I
must bear witness to the readiness with which Colonel Hunt has
aided me in all my calls; also to the industry and activity of all
the assistants who have had charge of depots. They have all had
hard, very hard duties to perform. When they had the choice, I
had reason to fear they would all leave me. I was surprised they
did not, though much pleased.
HENRY WHITING,
Assistant Quartermaster General.
To General Th. S. Jesup,
J^ew Orleans.
Head QUARTERS, Q. M. General's Office,
J^ew Orleans^ February 2, 1847.
Colonel: I have received to-day your letters of the 7th of De-
cember and the 6th of January. In reply to the latter it is proper
to remark, that you have been misinformed as to Captain Temple-
ton's contract having superseded your arrangements. It is due to
you, as well as to myself, to state why that contract was made, as
well is ail the circumstances attending it. Information had
reached me here that General Patterson was delayed by the neg-
lect of the quartermaster's department to provide transportation
for his division: at the same time the grossest slanders were cir-
culating here against the department in connexion with General
Taylor's operations. I knew Colonel Cross considered Captain
Templeton an efficient man. He was here. I inquired of him
whether mules could not be purchased in Mexico. He replied
they could be had by thousands. I requested him to make me a
proposition to furnish two thousand within the month of Decem-
ber. He offered at once to furnish them at twenty-five dollars
each. They were to be well broke; or if not, he was to assist in
breaking them, and the officers of the quartermaster's department
Ex. Doc. No. 60. . 769
to be the judges of their suitableness. When the contract was
made I did not believe he could deliver a single one, except such
as he could purchase in Texas, for I knew that the authority of
some one of the generals was necessary, and I knew it was a//
that was necessary to obtain any number that we wanted. The
result was as I believed it would be— he did not deliver one- the
Mexicans north of the Rio Grande, as well as south of it, would
not sell a mule without the order of the alcalde, and that officer
could only be made to act by military authority. Had I believed
the contract could have been executed, I would have communi-
cated It to you; but on my arrival at Brazos Santiago on the 18th
of December, that which I believed when I made the contract
had to my mind become certain— that Captain Templeton would
not be able to fulfil his contract. This contract never entered into
my calculations at all in connexion with any military operations.
It proved a fact most conclusively, which I had stated to the
War Department officially long before, that nothing but the au-
thority of the general in command of the army was necessary to
obtain any amount of transportation, and proved that without that
authority the most energetic business man could not obtain a
single mule.
I am fully aware, colonel, of your highly responsible position;
and, so far from weakening, you may rest assured that I will do
every thing in my power to sustain your authority.
With great respect and regard I am, colonel, your obedient
servant,
TH. S. JESUP,
_, _ - , „ ' Quartermaster General.
lo Colonel Henry Whiting,
Head-quarters army^ Mexico.
49
770 Ex. Doc. No. 60,
REFUSAL TO FURNISH INSTRUCTIONS TO MR. SLIDELL.
MESSAGE
FROM THE
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.
TRANSMITTING
Documents in relation to the return of Santa Anna a7id Paredes to
Mexico, and refusing to furnish the instructions given to Mr.
Slidellj as requested by the resolution of the House of Represen-
tatives of the 4:th January, 1848.
January 13, 1848.
Read, and made the special order of the day for Tuesday next.
To the House of Representatives of the United States:
I have carefully considered the resolution of the House of Re-
presentatives, of the fourth instant, requesting the President to
communicate to that House "any instructions which may have been
given to any of the officers of the army or navy of the United
States, or other persons, in regard to the return of President Gene-
ral Lopez de Santa Anna, or any other Mexican, to the republic of
Mexico, prior or subsequent to the order of the President or Secre-
tary of War, issued in January, 1816, for the march of the army
from the Nueces river, across 'the stupendous deserts' which inter-
vene to the Rio Grande; that the date of all such instructions,
orders and correspondence, be set forth, together with the instruc-
tions and orders issued to Mr. Slidell at any time prior or subse-
quent to his departure for Mexico as Minister Plenipotentiary of
the United States to that republic;" and requesting the President
also to "communicate all the orders and corre pondence of the
government in relation to the return of General Paredes to Mexico. '^
I transmit herewith reports from the Secretary of State, the Sec-
retary of War, and the Secretary of the Navy, with the documents
accompanying the same, which contains all the information in the
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 771
possession of the Executive, which it is deemed compatibl-e with the
public interests to communicate.
For further information relating to the return of Santa Anna to
Mexico, I refer you to my annual message of December 8lh, 1846.
The facts and considerations stated in that message induced the
order of the Secretary of the Navy to the commander of our squad-
ron in the Gulf of Mexico, a copy of which is herewith communi-
cated. This order was issued simultaneously with the order to
blockade the coasts of Mexico, both bearing date the 13th of May,
1846, the day on which the existence of the war with Mexico was
recognized by Congress. It was issued solely upon the views of
policy presented in that message, and without any understanding
on the subject, direct or indirect, with Santa Anna or any other
person.
General Paredes evaded the vigilance of our combined forces by
land and sea, and made his way back to Mexico, from the exile into
which he had been driven, landing at Vera Cruz, after that city and
the castle of San Juan d'Ulloa were in our military occupation, -as
will appear from the accompanying reports and documents.
The resolution calls for the "instructions and orders, issued to
Mr. Slidell at any time prior or subsequent to his departure for
Mexico as Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States to that
republic." The customary and usual reservation, contained in calls
of either house of Congress upon the Executive for information
relating to our intercourse with foreign nations, has been omitted
in the resolution before me. The call of the House is uncondi-
tional. It is, that the information requested be communicated, and
thereby be made public, whether in the opinion of the Executive,
who is charged by the constitution with the duty of conducting
negotiations with foreign powers, such information, when disclosed,
would be prejudicial to the public interests or not. It has been a
subject of serious deliberation with me, whether I could consistently
with my constitutional duty, and my sense of the public interests
involved and to be affected by it, violate an important principle,
always heretofore held sacred by my predecessors, as I should do
by a compliance with the request of the House.
President Washington, in a message to the House of Represen-
tatives, of the 30th of March, 1796, declined to comply with a re-
quest contained in a resolution of that body, to lay before them
"a copy of the instructions to the minister of the United States,
who negotiated the treaty with the King of Great Britain," "to-
gether with the correspondence and other documents relative to the
said treaty, excepting such of the said papers as any existing ne-
gotiations may render improper to be disclosed." In assigning his
reasons for declining to comply with the call, he declared that,
"the nature of foreign negotiations requires caution, and their
success must often depend on secrecy; and even when brought to a
conclusion, a full disclosure of all the measures, demands, and even-
tual concession?, which may have been proposed or contemplated,
would be extremely impolitic; for this nnght have a pernicious in-
772 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
fluence on future negotiations, or produce immediate inconve-
niences; perhaps danger and mischief in relation to other powers.
The necessity of such caution and secrecy was one cogent reason
for vesting the power of making treaties in the President, with the
advice and consent of the Senate; the principle on which that body
was formed, confining it to a small number of members. To ad-
mit, then, a right in the House of Representatives to demand, and
to have, as a matter of course, all the papers respecting a nego-
tiation with a foreign power, would be to establish a dangerous
precedent."
In that case, the instructions and documents called for related
to a treaty which had been concluded and ratified by the President
and Senate, and the negotiations in relation to it had been termi-
nated. There was an express reservation too, " excepting" from
the call, all such papers as related to "any existing negotiations "
which it might be improper , to disclose. In that case^ President
Washington deemed it to be a violation of an important p;inciple,
the establishment of a "dangerous precedent," and prejudicial to
the public interests, to comply with the call of the House.
Without deeming it to be necessary, on the present occasion, to
examine or decide upon the other reasons assigned by him, for his
refusal to communicate the information requested by the House,
the one which is herein recited, is, in my judgment, conclusive
in the case under consideration.
Indeed, the objections to complying with the request of the
House, contained in the resolution before me, are much stronger
than those which existed in the case of the resolution in 1796.
This resolution calls for the "instructions and orders" to the min-
ister of the United States to Mexico, which relate to negotiations
which have not been terminated, and which may be resumed. The
information called for, respects negotiations which the United
States offered to open with Mexico immediately preceding the
commencement of the existing war. The instructions given to the
minister of the United States, relate to the differences between the
two countries, out of which the war grew, and the terms of adjust-
ment, which we were prepared to offer to Mexico, in our anxiety
to prevent the war. These differences still remain unsettled, and
to comply with the call of the House, would be to make public
through that channel, and to communicate to Mexico, now a public
enemy, engaged in war, information which could not fail to pro-
duce serious embarrassments in any future negotiation between the
two countries.
I have, heretofore, communicated to Congress all the coiyespon-
dence of the minister of the United States to Mexico, which, in
the existing state of our relations with that republic, can, in ray
judgment, be at this time communicated, without serious injury to
the public interest.
Entertaining this conviction, and with a sincere desire lo furnish
any informaticn which may be in possession of the executive de-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 773
partihent, and which either House of Congress may, at any time,
request, I regard it to be my constitutional right and solemn duty,
under the circumstances of this case, to decline a compliance with
the request of the House contained in their resolution.
JAMES K. POLK.
Washington, January 12, 1S48.
Navy Department, January 12, 1848.
Sir: In compliance with th<e direction contained in your endorse-
ment on the resolution of the House of Representatives of the
4th instant, I have the honor to transmit, herewith, copies of all
papers in this department, which it is believed are within the pur-
view of the resolution.
A list of the accompanying papers is hereunto annexed.
I have the honor, to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. Y. MASON.
To the President.
List of p'ipers accompanying the letter of the Secretary of the
Mavy to the President., dated January 12, 1848.
1. Letter from Mr. Bancroft, Secretary of the Navy to Commo-
dore Connor, dated May 13, 1846.
2. Iristructions from the Secretary of the Navy to the commander
of the home squadron, dated May 13, 1846,. respecting the blockade
of the Mexican ports.
3. Letter from Commodore Connor to the Secretary of the Navy,
dated at Sacrificios, August 16, 1846.
4. Extract of a letter from Commodore Connor to the Secretary
of the Navy, dated off Vera Cruz, August 25, 1846.
5. "Address of General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna to his
countrymen, upon the subject of the plan proclaimed for the real
regeneration of the republic," issued at Vera Cruz, August 16,
1846, and enclosed by Commodore Connor.
6. Letter from Hon. Thomas H. Benton to Mr. Mason, Secretary
of the Navy, dated April 5, 1847.
7. Letter' from, the Secretary of the Navy to Wm. Cary Jones,
esq., dated May 3, 1847.
8. Letter from Mr. Jones to the Secretary of the Navy, dated
May 4, 1847.
9. Letter from the Secretary of the Navy to the commandant of
.the navy yard at Norfolk, dated May 4, 1847.
10. Despatch No. 15_, from Commodore Perry to the Secretary
of the Navy, dated at Anton Lizardo, August 18, 1847, with its
enclosures.
774 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
11. Duplicate of Commodore Perry's despatch, No. 23, to the
Secretary of the Navy, dated at Vera Cruz, 7th September, 1847,
•with the accompanying papers.
12. Letter from the Secretary of the Navy to Commodore
Perry, dated October 20, 1S47.
No. 1.
[private and confidential.]
Navy Department, Mai/ 13, 1846.
Commodore : If Santa Anna endeavors to enter the Mexican
ports, you will allow him to pass freely.
GEORGE BANCROFT.
Commodore David Connor,
Commanding Home Squadron.
No. 2.
U. S. Navy Department,
Washington^ May 13, 1846.
Commodore : Congress having declared that a state of war exists
between the United States and the republic of Mexico, you will
exercise all the rights that belong to you as commander-in-chief of
a belligerent squadron."
Your own intimate acquaintance with the condition of Mexico
"will instruct you best what measures to pursue in the conduct of
hostilities, in addition to those suggested by the department.
You will declare and enforce a blockade of as many of the ports
of Mexico as your force will enable you to do effectually; and you
•will inform the department as speedily as possible of those which
you blockade. You will duly notify neutrals of your declaration,
and^ give to it all the publicity in your power. It is believed that
the ports between Guazacualco, and the Del Norte are those to
which your attention should principally be directed. Your block-
ade must be strict and absolute; and only public armed vessels of
neutral powers should be permitted to enter the Mexican ports
which you shall place rn a state of blockade. To neutrals that
are already in the ports, you will allow twenty days to leave them.
In your letter to the department of the 19th of March you ask,
if the English mail steamers that touch monthly at Vera Cruz and
Tampico should be included iji any blockade which, in the event
of hostilities, may become necessary. You are hereby instructed^
■until further orders, to follow the precedent set by the French, in
their recent blockade of Vera Cruz, with regard to them.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. ' 775
You will seize all the ships and vessels of war belonging to
Mexico, that may be accessible.
I your means will permit you to do so, you will approach Tam-
pico, and take, and, if practicable, will hold possession of that
town, "
The department does not suppose your forces to be adequate to
attempt the capture of San Juan d'Ulloa.
You will keep up a constant communication with our army on
the Del Norte, and adopt prompt and energetic measures to render
it all assistance that may be in your power.
If any of the Mexican provinces are disposed to hold themselves
aloof from the central government in Mexico, and maintain pacific
relations with the United States, you will encourge them to do so,
and regulate your conduct towards them accordingly.
You are enjoined to maintain a frequent correspondence with
the department.
The steamer '' Princeton" has sailed to join your squadron, and
will be of service, especially as a despatch vessel.
The brig "Perry will sail during the present week, for Chagres;
and, on its return, will join your command.
The brig " Porpoise" will rejoin you on its return from St. Do-
mingo.
The brig " Truxton" will follow in a few days. Your force will
then consist of the following vessels :
Frigate Cumberland, of 44 guns.
Do
Ptnritan, of
44
Sloop
Falmouth, of
20
Do
John Adams, of 20
Do
St. Mary's, of
20
Steamer
Mississippi, of
10
Do
Princeton, of-
9
Brig
Poipoise, of
10
Do
Somtrs, of
10
Do
Ldwrence, of
10
Do
Perry, of
10
Do
Truxton, of
10
Schooner Flirt.
The country relies on you to make such a use of this force as
will most effectually blockade the principal Mexican ports, protect
our commerce from the depredations of privateers, assist the ope-
rations of our army, and lead to the earliest adjustment of our dif-
ficulties with Mexico.
You will adopt all proper precaution to preserve the health of
your men.
,1 commend you, and your ships' companies, to the blessings of
Divine Providence.
Very respectfully,
GEORGE BANCROFT.
Commodore D. Connor,
Commanding Home Squadron.
776 * Ex. Doc. No. 60.
No. 3.
PrincetoNj Sacrijicios, Jiugust 16, 1846.
Sir: The brig-of-war Daring, just about sailing for New Orleans,
with despatches from the English minister in Mexico to Mr. Pack-
enham in Washington, allows me an opportunity and sufficient time
to inform you that General Santa Anna and his officers have just
now arrived at Vera Cruz, in the English merchant steamer Arab,
from the Havana. I have allowed him to enter without molesta-
tion, or even speaking the vessel, as I was informed by the senior
English naval officer here. Captain Lambert; she carried no cargo,
and would not be allowed to take any in return. I could easily
have boarded the Arab, but I deemed it most proper not to do so,
allowing it to appear as if he had entered without my concurrence.
It is now quite certain the whole country — that is, the garrisons
of every town and fortress — have declared in his favor. But, un-
less he has learned something useful in adversity, and become another
man, he will only add to the distractions of the country, and be
hurled from power in less than three months.
At last the relief is just coming in. No vessels with coal have
yet arrived. Vesssels with coal for a supply of the small steamers
will be necessary here — without it they would be of little service.
Respectfully, your obedient servant,
D. CONNOR,
Commanding Home Squadron.
Hon. George Bancroft,
Secretary of the JVavy.
No. 4.
Extract of a letter from Coramodore David Connor^ commanding
home squadron^ to the Secretary of the JYavyj dated, ■
U. S. Ship Cumberland,
Of Vera Cruz, August 25, 1846.
Sir: I had only time on the 16th instant, before the sailing of
H. M. brig Daring for New Orleans, to communicate to the depart-
ment the arrival of General Santa Anna at Vera Cruz. After issu-
ing the enclosed manifesto, he retired, on the I8th, to his estate of
Mango de Claro. Almonte and Rejon, who accompanied him from
the Havana, have gone to Mexico to prepare for his reception in
that city. It is manifest, from the tone of seVeral of the leading
journals, that he will meet with a strong opposition; indeed, it'is
stated that a reaction was looked for in the capital in favor of
Herrera, and that a portion of the troops were in his favor.
General Salas, who at present directs Mexican affairs, has ordered
all the force hitherto employed in suppressing the revolt in Jalisco
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 777
to repair without delay to the northern frontier. It may amount
to fifteen hundred or two thousand men.
*****
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
D. COiNNOR,
Commanding Home Squadron.
Hon. George Bancroft,
Secretary of the JVavy, Washington.
No. 5.
[Translation.]
.Address of General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna to his country^
menj upon the subject of the plan proclaimed for the real regen-
eration of the republic.
[Issued at Vera Cruz, August 16, 1846, and enclosed in Commodore Connor's letter of the
25th of August, 1846.]
Mexicans: Called by the people and the garrisons of the depart-
ments of Jalisco, Vera Cruz, and Sinaloa, south Mexico, and other
points of the republic, I quitted Havana, on the 8th instant, at nine
in the evening, with the sole object of coming to aid you in saving
our country from its enemies, internal and external.
Great has been my joy, when, on arriving at this point, I learned
that the former had been overthrown by your own forces, and that
I was already proclaimed on all sides as general-in-chief of the
liberal army. A proof of so much confidence will be met by me
with the utmost loyalty; but on accepting the plan proclaimed^
allow me to enter into some explanations, which I consider neces-
sary, in order to dispel any suspicions founded on the past, the
recollections of which are so painful to me.
Desiring to consolidate peace in the interior of the republic, in
order to make it flourish and prosper, and to assure by that means
the integrity of our immense territory, I devoted all my efforts, in
consequence of the events of 1834, to establish an administration
endowed with vigor and energy, and capable of keeping down the
spirit of turbulence and disorder. Without ever going beyond re-
publican forms, I endeavored for this purpose to support myself on
property, on high position, on creeds, and even on the few histori-
cal memorials existing in our country; hoping thus to moderate, by
the inertia of conservative interests, the vehemence of popular
masses. .But without ascendency and prestige, as I was, and the
elements assembled by me being viewed with distrust, resistance
was made on all sides; which I, however, expected to overcome in
time. I call God to witness, that in this I acted with patriotism,
with sincerity, and with good faith.
After some years of trial, I be^an to remark that the republic
did not advance; that some departments showed tendencies of sep-
778 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
aration from the others; and that the public discontent was daily
increasing. Wavering then in my convictions, they afterwards lost
all their power when a part of the country had been occupied by
strangers, and our national existence of the whole was endangered.
I called on the people to the rescue, and they answered me with
threats, as if any other misfortune could have been preferable to
that in which the country was then placed. Urged by the firm de-
termination that we should be a sovereign and independent people,
and knowing, on the other hand, the vast resources on which we
could rely for support, I then became con.vinced that, our govern-
ment being organized in a manner by no means conformable with
the wishes of the nation, and governed by a secondary legislature
not adapted for the advancement of its interest, the people revenged
themselves in that way, by seeking for an occasion in which they
should be called on to take care of their own good, and to or-
ganize their government in a manner which they should consider
most proper.
In our time, we have seen another nation, in a similar conflict,
employ similar means to oblige its government to promise the rep-
resentative system, which it was anxious to have established; and
when that had been obtained, v/e have seen its moral apathy changed
into heroic enthusiasm against the foreign invader who endeavored
to subjugate it. Is there anything, therefore, strange in the idea
that our people should in this instance do as much to recover the
full enjoyment of their sovereignty, acknowledged by all govern-
ments, though trodden under foot by all, in the practical adminis-
tration of affairs? On this point, I owe to my country, in consid-
eration of the part which I have taken, to declare frankly and
honestly, upon this critical and solemn occasion, that it can be
saved only by a return to first principles, with entire submission of
the minority to the sovereign will of the majority of *he nation.
Upon proof so clear and peremptory, of the serious difficuliies
attending that which I had considered best calculated to secure
to the republic respectability abroad, I found it right to recede, .y
and to yield to public opinion, and follow it with thp same ardor '
and constancy with which I had opposed it before comprehending
it. To discover the most effective means of raising the spirit
of the public, and predisposing it to the war with which we were
threatened on the north, was my employment; and I was begin-
ning to develope the measures for that purpose, when the events of
the 6th December, 1844, occurred, and plunged the republic into
the miserable situation in which you now see it. '
Expatriated from that time forever from the national territory,
with a prohibition to return to it under the hard penalty of death,
the obstacle which I was supposed to present to the establishment
of an administrative system, conformable with public exigencies,
being removed, I believed that the men who had succeeded in
placing themselves in my stead, by calling public opinion to their
aid in effecting it, would respect j;hat opinion, and summon the na-
tion to organize its government according to its own wishes. Pained
as I was, not to be allowed to take part in the real regeneration
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 779
of the country, I still most sincerely desired it; because I believed
that whilst our political horizon was daily becoming darker, no
other means were left to save us.
My prayers for tKis were redoubled in consequence of seeing the
development of the invasive policy of the Unitecl States, stimula-
ted by the perfidy of the cabinet of General Herrera, on the seri-
ous question of our northern frontiers; the European press began
to indicate the necessity of a foreign intervention in our domestic
concerns, in order to preserve us from the ambitious projects of
the neighboring republic. That, however, which raised my uneasi-
ness to the greatest height, was to see in a newspaper of credit
and influence, published in the Old World, a proposition made in
October last, to bring us back by force under the yoke of our an-
cient masters. My conviction was, neve theless, still strong that
no Mexican, however weak might be his feelings of attachment for
his country, would dare to favor such ideas openly, and still less
to recommend them to the consideration of the people.
Meanwhile, news reached me of a revolution projected by Gen-
eral Paredes, which revived my hopes; for, though he had been the
determined enemy of every representative popular government, I
supposed that he had altered his opinions; and I honored him so far
as to believe him incapable of advancing schemes for European in-
tervention in the interior administration of the republic. He suc-
ceeded, and his manifesto declarintr his adhesion to the plan pro-
posed by the troops quartered at San Luis Potosi, increased my
uneasiness; because I clearly saw in it a diatribe against tlie inde-
pendence of the nation, rather than the patriotic address of a Mexi-
can general seeking, in good faith, to remedy the evil* of his coun-
try. His perverse designs were, in fine, fully revealed, as well by
his summons (for the assemblage of a Congress) of the 24th of last
January, issued in consequence of this revolution, as by the news-
papers showing the tendency of his administration to the establish-
ment of a monarchy, under a foreign prince, in the republic.
As one of the principal chiefs of tue independence of our coun-
try, and the founder of the republican system, I was then indig-
nant at this endeavor of some of its sons to deliver the nation up
to the scoffs of the world, and to carry it back to the ominous days
of the conquest. I thereupon took the firm determination to come
and aid you to save our country from such a stain, and to avoid the
horrible consequences of a measure by which its glorious destiny
was to be reversed, carrying it back to what it was, and to what it
never should be again. To execute this determination, was to offer
up my blood to any one who, in case of failure, might choose to
shed it, in compliance with the terms of the barbarous decree which
drove me from the republic; but I preferred to perish in this noble
attempt, rather than appear indiflferent to the ignominy of my coun-
try, and see the countless sacrifices made foi our independence,,
and the right to govern ourselves, all rendered illusory.
Mexicans! the real objects (5f those who, while invoking order
and tranquility, have constantly endeavored to prevent the nation
from organizing its government as it chose, have now been laid
780 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
open; and the time is come when all true republicans of all par-
ties, the body of the people as well as the army, should unite their
efforts sincerely, in order to secure entirely the independence of
our country, and to piace it at liberty to adopt tie form of govern-
ment most suitable to its wishes, each sacrificing his own individ-
ual convictions to the will of the majority. How, indeed, can the
minority, however wise, opulent, and powerful they may be, pre-
tend to assume to themselves the right to regulate the affairs of the
community, or to govern the majority, without an express delega-
tion from the latter, given of their own accord, not presumed, nor
still less extorted by force? This may be among people who are
ignorant of their own rights, and where the want of the means of
independent subsistence subjects the iftany to the few, who have
monopolized every thing; but it is not to be effected among us, in
whom the democratic spirit, in the midst of so many favoring cir-
cumstances, has been developing itself for thirty-six years, and now
renders imperious and decisive, the necessity of concentrating by
practice the political axiom of the sovereignty of the nation.
This most essential circumstance has been disregarded and des-
pised in all the constitutions hitherto given to the country; and.
in the only one which has appeared most popular, the antagonism
of the principles adopted, has rendered it ineffective; so that de-
mocracy, which alone can serve as a solid basis for our social edi-
fice, has been unable to develope itself, and thus to afford the peace
which is its instinctive law, and the other benefits ineffable, which
it produces. Hence, the convulsions which have so long agitated
us, and of which some European writers have taken advantage, so
far as to depreciate our race; opposing the liberty and indepen-
dence of the republic; manifesting the necessity of interference, in
order to strengthen it against the febrile invasion of the United
States; and declaring, in fine, that it would be as easy to conquer
Mexico with a portion of the troops now quartered in the island
of Cuba, as it was in the time of the native Mexican princes. My
blood boils on seeing the contempt with which we are thus treated
by men who either do not know us well, or who, interested in
transplanting among us the fruits of their old social systems, and
of the times in which they originated, consider America in the
same state in which it was during the 16th century. Should any
attempts be made, as indicated, to carry these mad plans into
effect, all interests of lace would be silenced, and but one voice,
would be heard throughout the continent. The one hemisphere
would then be seen arrayed against the other, and for the disasters
which would fall on the rash aggressor who should thus attempt to
interfere with the internal administration of other nations, he alone
would be responsible.
To pronounce thus against the many nations which form the
great Hispano American family, to declare them incapable of en-
joying republican institutions, is, in fact, to be ignorant of, or to
conceal what is proved by the testimony of Chili, New Grenada,
and Venezuela, in contradiction of such assertions. It is to attri-
bute, no doubt, with evil intentions, to men of a certain race, de-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. . 781
fects of administrative forms, which, not being entirely democratic,
have produced the bitter fruits of the monarchical forms, engrafted
on them, without adverting lo the fatal influence of the latter on
the lot of the others.
To expect, moreover, to strengthen the nation by monarchy,
under a foreign prince, is to suppose the existence in it of elements
for the establishment and maintenance of that systemj or that,
wearied by its struggle to conquer its liberty, the nation sighs for
European masters, or for anything else than the peace which alone
it wants. Erroneous, most erroneous, indeed, is this idea. In
the efforts of the nation to emancipate itself from the power of the
few, who, in good or in bad faith, have endeavored to rule it in
their own way, its democratic tendencies have acquired such a de-
giee of intensity and energy, that to oppose them, to attempt to
destroy the hopes to which they give birth, by a project such -as
that advanced, w^ould be to provoke a desperate measure — to en-
deavor to cure an evil by the means calculated to exasperate it.
Fascinated by the example of a nation not yet a century old, and
which, under its own government, has attained a degree of pros-
perity and advantaged not enjoyed by those of the old world, not-
withstanding their antiquity, and the slow progress of their politi-
cal systems, our republic aspires only to the management of its
own affairs, either by itself, or through representatives, in whom it
has confidence, in order to develope the vast resources of power
and wealth in its bosom.
This being, therefore, its dominant, its absorbing idea, it would
have resisted the other plan with all its might; and if an attempt
had been made to change its direction by the employment of for-
eign bayonets, it would have flown to arms, and war would have
burst forth throughout its immense territory, renewing even more
disastrously the bloody scenes of 1820, and the succeeding years.
From such a state of things, the Anglo-American race would have
derived great advantages for the progress of its ambitious schemes,
or for forming a new republic from our interior departments, by
exciting their sympathies and gratitude for the services rendered
them in repelling a project no less injurious to itself. This ten-
dency, which has been excited in some departments by disappoint-
meiit from not obtaining provincial liberties, which they desired,
would have bgcome general throughout allj and no force would
have been able to restrain them from carrying such views into
effect.
On the other hand, the republic being composed for the most
part of young men, who have no knowledge of the past, except
from, the sinister accounts of their fathers, and who, educated with
republican ideas, rely with confidence on a government eminently
popular to lead their country to prosperity and greatness.
Where are the internal supports on which the monarchy presented
as the means of our salvation can be found? That which was,
hag disappeared. Habits of passive obedience no longer exist; and
if there remains a sentiment of religion, time has undermined the
political power of th^e directors of consciences. An influential aris-
782 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
tocracy, so necessary for the permanence of monarchies, such as
exists in old Europe, the only proper place for institutions of that
class, is not to be found, nor can it ever be organized here.
In Europe, the misery of the great mass of the overloaded popu-
lation, which depend on its own labor to obtain what is strictly
and merely necessary for its subsistence, in the midst of an industry
which is so severely tasked, allows no time to the people to think
of their political rights, nor means to free themselves from the
tyranny of the patrician families, on whom they depend — all the
landed property being in their hands.
But no such state of things can be found in the republic in which
all is uncultivated, virgin, rich, and fruitful; offering to man in the
most abundance, and with the greatest facility, all that he can ask
for his labor; all that can lead to that individual independence
which favors the development of democratic instincts.
These difficulties being therefore of such a nature as to render
nearly impossible ihe establishment of monarchy in our country,
attempts have been made, in order to overcome them, to throw the
affairs of the republic into the greatest disorder, preventing the
organization of its government within, and aggravating the most
serious question of our northern frontiers with another nation.
In this manner, the faction which fostered that parricide project,
having attained the first of its ends by many years of artifices and
manoeuvring, next proposed to carry the second into effect, by pro-
voking, in a manner almost direct, the government of the United
States to aggrandize itself by taking our rich department of Texas,
and then advancing into the very heart of our country. To involve
our people in the evils of a fearful invasion, has been its last re-
source in order to force them to accept its painful alternative;
obliging them either to become the prey of Anglo-American ambi-
tion, or to fly for the safety of their national existence to monarch-
ical forms under an European prince.
For this object, it was that this party, having the control in the
chambers of l844,-'45, refus'fed to the government of that period
the appropriations which it asked for maintaining the integrity of
the national territory, already seriously jeoparded. It did more —
it raised up a revolution, in which the slender allowances made to
the government for that object, on its urgent demands, were un-
blushingly declared to be suppressed; and, on its triumph, it scat-
tered the means collected for the war, and hastened to recognise
the independence of Texas.
The chief of this revolution, who has always acted under the in-
fluence of his own fatal inspirations, then appeared again in insur-
rection at San Luis Potosi, with the force destined for the defence
of the frontiers; and, withdrawing that force to the capital of the
republic, he there usurped the supreme power, and began to put in
operation his scheme of European intervention in our interior
administration, whilst the hosts of the Anglo-Americans were
advancing to take possession even of the banks of the Rio Bravo.
Having at his disposal considerable forces in the capital and the
adjoining departments, he allowed the enemy time to advance
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 783
■without resistance through our territory; and at length, most tar-
dily, he sent to Matamoras a small body of troops, needy and un-
provided with anything necessary for conducting the campaign
■with success.
Who can fail to see in these perfidious manoeuvres the bastard
design of attracting the forces of the enemy to our central terri-
tories, in order there to propose to us, in the midst of the conflicts
of war, as the only means of safety, the subjection of the republic
to servitude, the ignominy of the country — the revival of the plan
of Iguala — in fine, the return to the government of the viceroys.
With this object, and for this fatal moment, which every means
was employed to hasten, was a Congress assembled, chosen for the
purpose, composed only of representatives of certain determined
classes, not forming even a sixth of our population, and elected in
a manner, perfidiously arranged, to secure a number of voices suf-.
ficient to place the seal of opprobrium on the nation, leaving, with
scarcely a single representative, the great majority of the nation.
The eleven bishops of our diocesses were declared deputies, and
our ecclesiastical cabildos were authorized to elect nine others on
their parts, giving to the bishops the faculty of appointing such
proxies as they might choose, to take their places in case they
should not find it convenient to attend in person. Does not this
prove abundantly that a decided endeavor was made to supplant
the will of the nation, in order to give some species of authority
to this scheme for European intervention in the settlement of our
internal affairs'? The protestations of republican sentiments made'
by General Paredes, after these irrefragable proofs so fully con-
demning him, were only new acts of perfidy, intended to tranquillize
the republic, to set its suspicions at rest, and to arrange the occa-
sion for carrying into effect his base designs. He uttered these
protestations in the middle of March last, when he saw the public
discontent manifest itself against his power and his plans. But
what followed? Did he not continue to protect the Tiempo, a
newspaper established in the capital itself, for the sole object of
rendering republican forms odious, and recommending the necessity
of a monarchy; advancing every argument which could be sup-
posed calculated to lead astray the good sense of the nation!
Did he convene another popular Congress 1 Did he retract the
summons which he had issued in January, placing the fate of the
nation at the mercy of the few men who remain among us of the
old colonial regime'? Every thing continued in the same way, and
when the press was prohibited from discussing forms of govern-
ment, it was in order to give an amnesty to the writers in favor
of monarchy, who were then prosecuted by the judicial power, and
to encourage them to continue their criminal publications, while
silence was imposed on the defenders of the republican system.
Meanwhile, he hastened by every means in his power the assemblage
of the congress destined to carry into effect his monarchical plan;
he concentrated his forces in order to suppress all movements on
the part of the people, alarmed by the near approach of such an
■unpropitious event; abandoning our frontier to the invaders, or
784 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
rather surrendering them to the foreign enemy, -by the reverses
which he had prepared and arranged at Palo Alto and Resaca de la
Palma. No, Mexicans! let there be no compromise with a party
whose conduct has been a tissue of cruel treachery towards our
country; have nothing to do with it, however flattering be its pro-
mises, and whatsoever the forms with which it may in future i'nvest
itself. In the last convulsions of its agony, it sought to assure its
safety by its accustomed manoeuvres. It proclaimed principles
which it detested. It allied itself with bastard republicans, and
exhibited itself as the friend of liberty, in order, by that means,
to avoid its just punishment, to maintain itself in power, and to
continue to undermine the edifice cemented by the illustrious blood
of the Hidalgos and Morelas. The fraudulent scheme of the ene-
mies of our country being thus unfolded, and the true source of its
misfortunes being laid open to all, the radical remedy of the whole
evil consists in putting an end forever to the ruinous control of
minorities, by calling on the nation honestly to fix its own destiny,
and to secure its territory, its honor, and its welfare. Thus placed
in entire liberty to act, as it should be, in the midst of the discus-
sions carried on by the press, in the tribune, and even in the streets
and squares, it will take in consideration the evils which surround
it, and seek the means of resisting them; and, satisfied in its desires,
mistress of its own fate, it will display the energy peculiar to a
free people; will prove equal to the conflicts in which it is to be
engaged, and will come out of them, not only honorably, but, more-
over, entirely regenerated. In this way, the administration estab-
lished, resting on, and springing from, public opinion, may display
all its or^^anized forces to maintain our territory, instead of quarter-
ing them in the central towns as hitherto, under a government cre-
ated by seditious movements, constantly at war with the nation,
and occupied solely in endeavoring to save itself without regard
for our external dange.rs.
Fellow countrymen! Never has the situation of the republic been
so difficalt as at present. Its national existence threatened on one
side; on the other an attempt has been made to subject it to the
hardest of all lots, to European dominion. Such is the abyss to
which we have been brought by the endeavor to govern our young
society according to the system adopted in the old. This is the
true cause of tbe long struggle in which we have been' engaged,
which has weakened our forces, and by which the interests of the
majority have been sacrificed to the extravagant pretensions of a
small minority. This state of things must be ended in compliance
with the wishes of the nation; and by opposing to the former the
union of republicans of true faith, the concert of the army and
the people. By this union we shall conquer the independence of
our country; thuis united, we shall confirm it by establishing pea»e
on the solid basis of public liberty; thus united, we shall preserve
the integrity of our immense territory.
But now, with regard to the plan proposed for the revolution, it
is my honor and duty to observe, that by limiting the Congress
therein proclaimed, to the organization of the system of govern-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 785
ment, and the deterraination of what relates to tbe serious question
of our northern frontier , the provisional government of the nation
would find itself required, until the system has been thus organized,
to use its own discretion on all other points.
This would be investing the provisional government with a dic-
tatorship, always odious, however imperious might be the circum-
stances rendering it necessary.
I, therefore, propose that the said assembly should come fully
authorized to determine with regard to all branches of the public
administration, which may be of general interest, and within the
attributes of the legislative power; the provisional executive of the
nation acting with entire submission to its determinations.
I consider it, moreover, indispensable that a uniform rule be es-
tablished for the regulation of the interior affairs of the depart-
ments, and that, for this purpose, the constitution of the year 1824
be adopted until the new constitutional code be completed. By
this means, we shall avoid that divergency of opinions, at this criti-
cal moment, when uniformity is so much needed; the national
will, which sanctioned that code, will have been consulted, and the
executive of the nation wnll have a guide to follow, so far as the
present eccentric position of the republic will allow. I submit
both measures to the will of the departments, expressed by the au-
thorities, who may be established in consequence of the revolution*
proposing, moreover, that the provisional government of the nation
should adopt forthwith the second, as the rule of its conduct,
until it be determined otherwise by the majority of the depart-
ments, in the form already indicated. The slave of public opinion
myself, I shall act in accordance with it; seeking for it henceforth
in the manner in which it may be known and expressed, and sub-
jecting myself, afterwards, entirely to the decisions of the constitu-
ent assembly, the organ of the sovereign will of the nation.
Mexicans! There was once a day, and my heart dilates with the
remembrance, when leading on the popular masses and the army
to demand the rights of the nation, you saluted me with the envia-
ble title of soldier of the people. Allow me again to take it, never
more to be given up, and to devote myself, until death, to the de-
fence of the liberty and independence of the republic.
ANTONIO LOPEZ DE SANTA ANNA.
Heroic Vera Cruz, August 16, 1846.
No. 6.
C. Street, April 5, 1847.
Sir: Colonel Fremont received a Mexican boy, by name Pablo
Hernandes, from savages in the deserts of California, on the trail
from Pueblo de los Angelos to Santa Fe, of New Mexico, in the
year 1844, who had killed his father and carried otf his mother.
The boy was brought to the United States, and has since been
taken care of by my family. General Almonte offered to take him
50
786 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
to Mexico, but he then preferred to remain, and the'^general gave
him a certificate of his national character, to entitle him to pro-
tection as a Mexican. He now wishes to return to his own country.
Can you send him in one of the national ships'? It would be an
act of courtesy towards the enemy's nation with whom we are at
war.
, Very re'spectfully,
THOMAS H. BENTON.
Hon. Mr. Mason.
No. 7.
Navy Department, May 3, 1847,
Sir: I have received a communication from the Hon. Mr. Ben-
ton, dated April 5th, in regard to a passage, in a national vessel,"to
his native country, for Pablo Hernandes, a Mexican citizen, who
-was brought to the United States by Colonel Fremont.
The schooner Flirt will sail from Norfolk in the course of two
or three days, and will call at Vera Cruz. If his friends desire it,
the department will afford Hernandes a passage in her to that
port.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. Y. MASON.
Cary Jones, Esq., Washington^ D. C.
No. 8.
Washington, May 4, 1847.
Sir: On behalf of Mr. Benton, I thank you for your attention to
his note in regard to the Mexican youth, Pablo Hernandes. Those
who have had the young man in care will avail themselves of the
opportunity you have been good enough to offer, and he will go
immediately to Norfolk to embark.
Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant,
WM. CARY JONES.
Hon. John Y. Mason,
Secretary of the JVavy.
No. 9.
Navy Department, May 4, 1847.
Sir: Permission has been given to William H. Tracey, esq., to
take passage in the United States schooner "Flirt" to Vera Cruz.
Enclosed is a copy of a letter from the Hon. Mr. Benton, respect-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 787
ing Pablo Hernandes, a Mexican citizen, who was brought to the
United States by Colonel Fremont. The department has given the
permission desired, and you will be pleased to furnish a passage to
Hernandes in the " Flirt" to Vera Cruz, if he appears.
I am, respectfully, your obedient servant,
JOHN Y. MASON.
Commodore C. W. Skinner, •
Commandant U. S. JYavy Yard, JVorfolk.
No. 10.
U. S. Flag Ship Germantown,
Anton Lizardo, August 18, 1847.
Sir: On visiting Vera Cruz yesterday, I was informed by Gov-
ernor Wilson of the landing of General Paredes from the British
mail steamer Teviot.
Commander Farragut, of the Saratoga, was at Vera Cruz at the
time of the arrival of the steamer, and is now there; but he did not
cause her to be boarded, for reason, as he informs me, that he
thought it might be interfering with the authority of the captain of
the port.
I have this day issued a general order, (of which the enclosed
paper, markeil B, is a copy.) It is not always, however, that
I can spare a vessel to remain long at Vera Cruz.
Enclosed is a cony also of a letter addressed to the senior officer
of her Britannic Majesty's naval forces stationed off Vera Cruz.
A copy of his reply will be forwarded when received.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
M. C. PERRY,
Commanding Home Squadron.
Hon. J. Y. Mason,
Secretary of the JYavy.
U. S. Ship Germantown,
Anton Lizardoj August 18, 1847.
Sir: I regret that I should be obliged to call your attention to
the fact, that the British government mail steamer Teviot, in her
last passage from Havana to Vera Cruz, brought as passenger a dis-
tingushed Mexican officer. General Paredes, who was secretly
landed in the city, with the knowledge and connivance, as it is pre-
sumed, of the officers of the steamer.
Refraining at present from commenting upon this extraordinary
transaction, may I request of you such information as will enable
Die to communicate all the circumstances to my government.
With great respect, I am, sir, your most obedient servant,
M. C. PERRY,
Commanding Home Squadron.
To the Senior Officer,
0/ her Britannic Majesty^ s naval forces^ Vera Cruz,
788 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
B.
[General Order, No. 11]
All vessels, excepting army steamers and transports, arriving at
ports in Mexico held by the United States forces, are to be visited
by a boat from the g\|prd-sbip of the day, or any single vessel of
the squadron that may be in port, for the purpose of tendering the
usual compliment of services to foreign vessels of war, and of de-
tecting any irregularities in foreign mail steamers of merchant ves-
sels, whether foreign or American.
I It is desirable, when it is practicable, that the boarding officer
should be a lieutenant.
M. C. PERRY,
Commanding Home Squadron.
U. S. Flag Ship Geemantown,
Jinton Lizardoj Jiugust 18, 1S47.
No. 11.
U. S. Flag Ship Germantown,
Vera Cruz, September 7, 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to enclose, herewith, a copy of a letter
addressed by me to the senior officer of her Britannic Majesty's
naval forces at present here, together with a copy of the reply
thereto.
I have the honor to be, with great respect, your obedient servant,
M. C. PERRY,
Commanding Home Squadron.
Hon. John Y. Mason,
Secretary of the JVavyj Washington.
United States Flag Ship Germantown,
Anton Lizardo, Jiugust 18, 1847.
Sir: I regret that I should be obliged to call your attention to
the fact, that the British government mail steamer Teviot, on her
last passage fiom Havana to Vera Cruz, brought as passenger a
distinguished Mexican officer, General Paredes, who was secretly
landed in the city, with the knowledge and connivance, as it is
presumed, of the officers of the steamer.
Refraining at present from commenting upon this extraordinary
transaction, may 1 request of you such information as will enable
me to communicate all the circumstances to my government.
With Gfreat respect, I am, sir, your most obedient servant,
^ ^ M. C. PERRY,
Commanding Home Squadron.
To the Senior Officer,
Of H. B. M. naval firceSj Vera Cruz.
Ex. Doc. No. 60, 789
Her Majesty's sloop Persian,
Green Inland^ Vera Cruz., August 21, 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter,
dated 20th August, drawing my attention to the fact that the Brit-
ish government mail steamer Teviot, on her late passage from
Havana to Vera Cruz, brought, as passenger^General Paredes,who
was secretly landed in the city, with the knowledge and conni-
vance, as is presumed, of the officers of the steamer.
I most certainly regret that any circumstance should take place
to interrupt the very good feeling that exists at the port of Vera
Cruz between the English subjects there and the United States
government. But, as I think that you may not be aware exactly
what position the Royal Mail Steampacket Company hold, with
respect to the British government, I will take the liljerty of ex-
plaining it.
They are simply steam vessels belonging to the above company,
who have agreed with the British government to carry mails, and
perform other services for a specified sum of money.
An officer belonging to the British royal navy is on board each
of these vessels, in charge of the mails, and to see that the con-
tract is performed. If the officer in command (who is appointed
by the company) has broken the neutrality between the two coun-
tries, (America and England,) or any port regulations at Vera
Cruz, he (the officer commanding) is answerable for it.
The particulars of the above case I have not had an opportunity
of knowing anything about, as the Teviot sailed immediately for
Tampico. ;
Any communication that you, sir, wish to make to me on the
subject, will be forwarded to my government through the usual
channels.
I have the honor to be, sir, your most obedient humble servant,
HENRY LONGTON,
Commander and senior officer in the Gulf of Mexico.
Commodore Perry,
Commander-in-chief U. S. navy in the Gulf of Mexico .
No. 12.
Navy Department, October 20, 1847.
Sir: Your despatches, numbered 15 and 23, respecting the land-
ing of General Paredes from the British mail steamer Teviot, with
their respective enclosures, have been received.
The general order No. 11, issued by you on the 18th of August,
a copy of which is enclosed in your No. 15, is approved by the de-
partment. \
Your correspondence with her Britannic Majesty's senior officer
on the station, shows that the mail steamers are not national ves-
sels. There is no disposition to withhold the privileges originally
790 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
granted, in a spirt of great liberality, to their commercial interests.
But if, as in the case of the introduction of General Paredes,
an avowed public enemy of our country, the privilege is to be
abused, the right of seizure, conferred by the lav«r of nations, must
be exercised. It will be borne in mind, however, that this right
must be exercised whil« the vessel violating is in delicto. If the
Teviot shall hereafter visit Vera Cruz, she cannot be seized for her
conduct on the occasion of her landing General Paredes.
The Secretary of State has addressed a despatch on the subject
to our minister at London, of which I enclose you a copy', and in
•vVhich you will find the principles of the law of nations, bearing
on the subject, very clearly stated.
The confident belief is entertained that her majesty's govern-
ment will take the necessary measures to prevent the recurrence
of so gross an abuse of the liberal indulgence extended by our
government to her subjects.
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. Y. MASON.
Com. M. C. Perry,
Commandin g U. S. Squadron^ Gulf of Mexico.
War Department,
Washington, January 12, 1848.
Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith, in conformity with
your directions, copies of all such papers, on the files and records
of this department, as are required by the resolution of the House
of Representatives of the 4th instant, which is in the following
terms :
^^ Resolved, That the President of the United States be requested
to communicate to this House any instructions which may have
been given to any of the offuers of the army or navy of the
United States, or other persons, in regard to the return of President
General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, or any other Mexican, to
the republic of Mexico, prior or subsequent to the order of the
President or Secretary of War, issued in January, 1846, for the
inarch of the army from the Nueces river, across the ^stupendous
deserts^ which intervene, to the Rio Grande. That the date of all
such instructions, orders, and correspondence be set forth, together
with the instructions and orders issued to Mr. Slidell, at any time
prior or subsequent to his departure for Mexico, as minister pleni-
potentiary of the United States to that republic.
'' Resolved further, That the President be requested to commu-
nicate all the orders and correspondence of the government in re-
lation to the return of General Paredes to Mexico."
Very, respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
To the President of the United States.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 791
Head-quarters, Department of Vera Cruz,
August 15, 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to report that, on the 14th instant, the
British steamer Teviot, Captain May, arrived here from England
and the Havana, having General Paredes on board, under the
assumed name of M. Martinez, who, in consequence of the tardi-
ness of the boarding officer. Captain Clarke, landed at between 6
and 7, a. m., incognito, from a four-oared boat, apparently pre-
pared for the occasion; in his transit through the gate of'the mole
he was recognized by an inspector, who took no notice of him;
therefore, I immediately ordered the discharge of both him and
■Captain Clarke, the former for having lost sight of the main object
of his appointment as inspector, in giving no notice, notwithstand-
ing my office is but a few yards from the mole.
A short distance from the wharf he (General Paredes) was met
"by the British government courier and Mr. Alexander Atocha, both
of whom recognized the person of General P. That the British
courier should report nothing is a matter of no surprise, but that
Mr. Atocha should show so much indifference on the arrival of
sach an important person seemed to me strange. I therefore
requested him to appear at my office, and inquired from him if he
claimed to be an American. He answered in the affirmative. I
then put the question, the reason why, as an American citizen, he
did not at once report the arrival of General Paredes 1 His answer
"was, that he was no spy; that he asked nothing from the United
States, and w^ished nothing from them; in short, it appeared to me
that he^ as an American, lost sight that it was his duty to co-operate
in any way (whilst residing here) that might result in the benefit
of his adopted country.
The foreigners have also shown, (that forgetting they are neu-
trals, and that as such they are bound to side with neither party,)
in this particular occasion, feelings decidedly hostile to our govern-
ment— the English house ot Manning, Mackintosh, & Co., having
requested from Mr. Dimond, the collector, the keys of the lug-
gage known to belong to General Paredes.
The general having arrived at the house of a Mr. Jose G. Zamora,
a native merchant, he presented a letter of introduction from Paris,
and requested that horses might directly be furnished for himself
and servant — a request immediately complied with; and, but ten
minutes after his landing, he passed through one of the gates of the
city, on his way to the interior, without myself or any of my
officers being able to avoid it, from the circumstance of his arrival
and presence here being unknown, and the letters from the United
States consul at the Havana, giving notice of his having left, not
being delivered to me until after the general's departure, owing to
their being in possession of a lady passenger on board.
The conduct of the commander of the steamer is reprehensible in
the highest degree, for landing an enemy to a friendly nation in a
port in her possession. Which facts I report for your considera-
tion and action theireon, as you may think expedient, for it is a
792 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
•well known circumstancej ascertained from the passengers, that the
captain of the steamer was aware of the character of his passenger,
who, in various conversations, remarked that Mexico was indeed
an unfortunate country, and that a country where no man but Santa
Anna could rule, who possessed neither talent, honesty, or military
capacity, was indeed to be pitied; that he was, therefore, sure that
no alternative remained but to throw himself either in the. arms
of the United States, or those of the European nations.
You will, therefore, perceive that, if General Parades left this
city, it was from no want of vigilance, for, on the fact being made
known to me, I immediately ordered the search of the whole block
from whence he took his departure, but in vain; he had left, and
that surely before the boarding officer had even visited the steamer.
I have acquainted you with the whole circumstances of the case,
that you may, should you think proper, lay it before the Secretary
of State for his information, respecting the conduct of the com-
mander of a vessel of a neutral and friendly power, such as Great
Britain would seem to appear; and have, in consequence, directed
Mr. Dimond, collector of this port, to communicate with the British
consul, requesting to know the cause why the commander of the
packet Teviot allowed any passenger to land, contrary to all es-
tablished regulations, before being visited by the regularly ap-
pointed person named to discharge that duty.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your most obedient
servant,
HENRY WILSON,
Colonel U. S. ^., commanding.
Hon. William L. Marcy,
Secretary of War, Washington^ D. C.
Head-quarters, Department of Vera Cruz,
August 31, 1847.
Sir: I herewith have the honor to enclose copies of my commu-
nication to H. B. M. consul in this city, and his answer thereon,
in relation to Captain May, commander of the mail steamer Te-
viot.
I am, very respectfully, your most obedient servant,
HENRY WILSON,
Colonel U. S. A., commanding.
Hon. William L. Marcy,
Secretary of War, Washington, D. C.
Vera Cruz, August 30, 1817.
Sir: I have the honor to inform you that, on the return to this
•port of the British mail steamer Teviot, I directed that Captain May,
her commander, be notified not to land, under any pretence what-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 793
ever, while laying in this harbor, but offering every facility to her
officers and crew in whatever they should require.
I have been compelled to the adoption of the above course from
the aggravating circumstances attending the landing of General
Parades, the ex-president of Mexico, which, if they have not com-
promised that harmony happily existing between the United States
and the nation you so worthily represent, still a gross violation
has been committed on the universal standing port regulations, and
specially here, where our peculiar position requires the most strict
observance of neutrality from foreign vessels arriving in this an-
chorage, and have, in consonance with the above, represented the
whole circumstance in relation to this case to the honorable Sec-
retary of War, at Washington, for the consideration of the govern-
ment of the United States.
I cannot but regret this untoward occurrence, the means of
clouding the sincere good feeling entertained by the authorities
here towards the British mail packets, but will, nevertheless,
uniformly afford him all the facilities heretofore conceded them,
convinced that every endeavor will be made by you for the con-
tinuance of that cordiality which your official course has tended to
cement.
Accept, sir, the assurances of my high consideration and sincere
regard.
HENRY WILSON,
Col. U. S. A.^ governor of Vera Cruz.
Francis Gifford, Esq.,
H. B. M. consul^ Vera Cruz.
y I certify the foregoing to be a true copy.
B. H. ARTHUR,
Adjutant^ \st U. S. Infantry.
British Consulate,
Vera Cruz, August 27, [30] 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to ackowledge the receipt of your com-
munication of this day, relating to Captain May, of the royal
mail steam packet Teviot, and to state, in reply, that a copy
thereof will be laid, forthwith, before her Majesty's govern-
ment.
With renewed expressions of regret that anything should have
occurred to cause you personal annoyance,
I have the honor to remain, sir, your very obedient, humble
servant,
■ F. GIFFORD,
i/. B. M. consul.
To Colonel Wilson,
Governor of the city of Vera Cruz.
I certify the above to be a true copy.
Adjutant^ \st U. S. Infantry.
B. H. ARTHTR,
794 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
War Department,
Washington, September 24, 1847.
Sib: Your letters of the 15th and 31st of August have been re-
ceived, and laid before the President. Your prom^-t discharge of
the inspector, and the officer whose duty it was to board the British
steamer, is approved. Whatever may be the effect of the introduc-
tion of General Paredes into Mexico, it is not creditable to the
post, held by military occupation, that it failed to intercept a
known public enemy from passing through the sentries, and suc-
cessfully evading the regulations adopted to prevent such occur-
rences. Persons claiming to be American citizens, who may be-
come apprised of the admission of a public enemy of the United
States, and fail duly to notify the authorities, are as much wanting
in duty, as if they were to withhold notice of the approach of an
armed force of the enemy. It is in your discretion to require per-
sons whose views of duty to the United States do not, as they con-
ceive or pretend, call on them to communicate to you such intelli-
gence, to leave the limits of your command.
The circumstances, so far as they implicate the commander or
officers of the British mail steamer, have been communicated by the
Secretary of State to Mr. Bancroft, our minister at London, with a
view to have them brought to the notice of the British government.
They will, also, I am pleased to observe, reach the same destina-
tion through your correspondence with her Britannic Majesty's
consul. I enclose you a copy of Mr. Buchanan's despatch, which
states very clearly the legal consequences which attached to the
steamer, for her violation of the law of nations, in introducing
General Paredes into the limits of your command. But any such
penalty must be enforced when such vessel is in delicto, but pro-
ceedings against her cannot be instituted in case of her return. The
President is persuaded that the liberal views entertained for ihe
interest of neutral commerce, pursuant to which the permission was
given to the British mail steamers to pass the blockading i'orce, be-
fore the capture of Vera Cruz, and to enter the harbor since, will
be duly appreciated by her Britannic Majesty's government, and
that it will not fail to show its strong disapprobation of the con-
duct of the officers of the Teviot, and will prevent the occurrence
of a similar abuse of the privileges conferred by our government.
You will use the utmost degree of vigilance in guarding against
such a recurrence. The measures communicated in your letter of
the 31st ultimo, are approved, and you will enforce them, until you
are otherwise ordered.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Colonel Henry Wilson.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 795
Vera Cruz, October 19, 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your letter of
24th September, enclosing a copy of a communication addressed by
the Secretary of State to the honorable Mr. Bancroft, minister to
Great Britain, in relation to her Britannic Majesty's steam packet
Teviot.
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
WENRY WILSON,
Colonel U. S. Armyy commanding.
To Hon. Wm. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War, Washington.
, War Department,
Washington^ July 27, 1846.
Sir: The commissioners afpointed by the United States to treat
with the Camanche Indians, redeemed from them a captive Mexi-
can boy, by paying a ransom of $150. He accompanied a depu-
tation of the Priiirie Indians to this city. It has been determined
to restore him to his parents and friends, who reside in the depart-
ment of Chihuahua; and, in order to do this, he has been sent to
the quartermaster at New Orleans, with directions to send him to
you. You will, in the way you deem most expedient, return him
to his friends. All we know of him, or them, we have learnt from
himself. He will inform you of the particular part of the depart-
ment from which he was taken. By the treaty between the United
States and Mexico, that republic would be bound to refund the sum
paid for his ransom, and the expenses of returning him, but the
occurrence of war lias abrogated that treaty in this respect. It is
thought that the sending him to his parents would have a good effect
upon the people of that province.
Mr. William S. Parrott, now of this city, long a resident in
Mexico, is personally acquainted with the present governor of Chi-
huahua, and has written him a letter on the subject of returning
this captive. 1 herewith enclose it to you, to be forwarded to him.
I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Z. Taylor.
Department of State,
Washi?igton, January 12, 1848.
The Secretary of State, to whom has been referred the resolu-
tions of the House of Representatives of the 4th instant, has the
honor to communicate to the President, in compliance with the
second resoluti(-n, all the orders and correspondence of the govern-'
796 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
ment, in possession of this department, in relation to the return of
General Paredes to Mexico.
JAMES BUCHANAN.
To the President of the United States.
Department of State,
Washington, September 14, 1847.
Sir: I transmit you the copy of a letter, bearing date the 15th
ultimo, from Colonel Henry Wilson, of the United States army,
the acting governor of Vera Cruz, addressed to the War Depart-
ment. From this, as well as other information, it appears that
Captain May, of the British steamer " Teviot," although fully
aware of the character of his passenger, brought General Paredes
from the Havana to Vera Cruz, and connived at, if he -^did not
directly aid in, his landing at that port in a clandestine manner,
and contrary to the established regulations requiring a visit from the
proper inspecting officer before any passengers couid be landed.
That the captain of the British steamer, by this conduct, has
been guilty of a grave and serious violation of the duties of neu-
trality which Great Britain owes to the United States, can neither
be doubted nor denied. It is known to the world that General
Paredes, as president of Mexico, was the chief author of the exist-
ing war between that republic and the United States, and that he
IS the avowed and embittered enemy of our country. The British
captain must have known that all his influence wou d be exerted to
prolong and exasperate this war. It is, indeed, truly astonishing
that, with a knowledge of these facts, he should have brought this
hostile Mexican general, under an assumed name, on board of a
British mail steamer, to Vera Cruz, and aided or permitted him to
land clandestinely, for the purpose of rushing into the war against
the United States. If any circumstance could aggravate, this vio-
lation of neutrality, it would be the extraordinary privileges which
this government has granted to British mail steamers, ever since
the commencement of the present war.
The President has not yet determined what course he will pursue
in regard to British mail steamers. The great law of self defence
would, under the circumstances, justify him in withdrawing the
privilege altogether from these steamers of entering the port of
Vera Cruz, and thus effectually prevent the landing of enemies in
disguise. He will not, however, resort at present to th s extreme
measure, convinced as he is that the British government will, at
once, upon your representation, adopt efficient means to prevent
such violation of their neutrality for the future.
In the paean time, Colonel Wilson will be instructed to adopt the
necessary means, under the law of nations, lor the purpose of pre-
venting and punishing similar outrages on our belligerent rights.
British mail steamers cannot be suffered to bring to Vera Cruz
either Mexican citizens or the subjects of any other nation, for the
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 797
purpose of engaging in the existing war on the part of Mexico
against the United States.
A neutral vessel which carries. a Mexican officer of high military
rank to Mexico, for the purpose of taking part in hostilities ao-ainst
our country, is liable to confiscation, according to -the opinion of
Sir William Scott, in the case of the Orozembo, (6 Robinson's Re-
ports, 430,) and this even although her captain and officers were
ignorant that they bad such a person on board. That is their look
out. Such ignorance is no excuse, because it is their duty to in-
quire into the character of their passengers. The consequence is
the same to the belligerent as if they had acted with full know-
ledge. " Otherwise," in the language of that distinguished jurist
"such opportunities of conveyance would be constantly used and
it would be almost impossible, in the greater number of cases to
prove the knowledge and privity of the immediate offenders."
You are instructed to make Lord Palmerston fully acquainted
with the conduct of Captain May. I do not know whether he or
any of his officers, who may be implicated in this serious charge
are officers in the British service. Should this prove to be the
case, then you will ask for their dismissal, or such other punish-
ment as may clearly manifest that the British government has
disapproved their conduct.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JAMES BUCHANAN.
George BancrofTj Esq. ^'c, Sfc.
90 Eaton Square, October 8, 1847.
My Lord: In consequence of instructions from the American
government, I called at the foreign office a few days ago to
represent to your lordship the conduct of Captain May, of the British
mail steamer "Teviot" who, unmindful of his duty as a neutral and
using improperly the extraordinary privilege which the American
government has grante^l to British mail steamers ever since the
commencement of the present war with Mexico, in the month of
August last brought from the Havana to Vera Cruz, General Pare-
des, late President of Mexico, the author of the war of Mexico
against the United States, and their avowed and embittered enemv
By the principles of British law, according to the opinion of S'^ir
William Scott, (6 Robinson's Reports, 430) Captain May has ren-
dered the " Teviot" liable to confiscation, or the President of the
United States might effeclually prevent similar aid to the enemy by
withdrawing from these steamers the privilege of entering the port
of Vera Cruz. But I am confident her majesty's government will
render such steps unnecessary, by adopting efficient means to pre-
vent for the future such violations of their neutrality.
If Captain May, or any of his officers implicated in this serious
charge are officers in the British service, I feel bound to ask for
their dismissal, or punishment in such other way as may clearly
798 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
manifest that the British government has disapproved their con-
duct.
I have the honor to be, my Lord, with high consideration, your
Lordship's obedient humble servant,
GEORGE BANCROFT.
Viscount Palmerston, cVc, ^c, 8fc.
Foreign Office, October 12, 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter
of the 8th instant, stating that you have been instructed by the
government of the United States to complain that Captain May, of
the British mail steamer " Teviot," violated the belligerent rights
of the United States, by bringing the Mexican General, Paredes,
from the Havana to Vera Cruz, in the month of August last.
And I have to inform you that I have referred the above com-
plaint to the proper department of her majesty's government, in
order that the charge brought against the captain of the "Tevi-
ot" may be officially investigated. kil ^isi
I have the honor to be, sir, your most obedient humble servant,
PALMERSTON.
George Bancroft, Esq., ^'c, Sfc.j ^c.
Foreign Office, JYoveinber 16, 1847.
Sir: In answer to your letter of the 8th instant, complaining of
the conduct of Captain May, of the British mail steamer "Teviot,"
in having conveyed General Paredes from the Havana to Vera
Cruz in the month of August last, I have the honor to state to you
that the lords commissioners of the admiralty having investigated
the circumstances of this affair: her majesty's government have
informed the directors of the Royal Mail Steampacket Company,
to whom the steamer " Teviot" belongs, that the directors are bound
to testify, in a marked manner, their disapproval of Captain May's
conduct, in having thus abused the indulgence afforded to the com-
pany's vessels by the government of the United States, and the
directors of the company have accordingly stated to her majesty's
government that they will immediately suspend Captain May from
his command; and that they publicly and distinctly condemn any
act on the part of their officers which may be regarded as a breach
of faith towards the government of the United States, or as an in-
fringement or invasion of the regulations established by the United
States officers in those parts of Mexico which are occupied by the
forces of the United States. _ •
I have the honor to be, with high consideration, sir, your most
obedient humble servant,
PALMERSTON.
George Bakcroft, Esq., ^c, ^c, fyc.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 799
MESSAGE
FROM THE
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES,
Communicating a report from the Secretary of War^ in answer to a
resolution of the Senate calling for copies of the letters^ reports^ or
other comviunicaiioTiSj reftrred to in General Taylor^s letter
dated at JYevj Orleans^ July 20, 1845, as containing his views as
to the line proper td he occupied at that time by the United States
troops ; and any similar communication from any ojficer of the
army on the subject.
January 31, 1848.
Read, and ordered to be printed.
To the Senate of the United States:
I communicate, herewith, a report from the Secretary of War,
with the accompanying documents, in answer to the resolution of
the Senate of the 24th instant, requesting to be furnished with
*' copies of the letters, reports, or other communications, which
are referred to in the letter of General Zachary Taylor, dated at
New Orleans, 20th July, 1845, and addressed to the Secretary of
War, and which are so referred to as containing the views of Gen-
eral Taylor, previously communicated, in regard to the line proper
to be occupied at that time by the troops of the United States; and
any similar communication from any officer of the army on the
same subject."
Washington, January 31, 1848.
JAMES K. POLK.
War Department,
Washington J January 31, 1848.
Sir: I have the honor to transmit, herewith, " copies of the let-
ters, reports, or other communications, which are referred to in the
letter of General Zachary Taylor, of the 20th of July, 1845, &c.,
being those embraced in the resolution of the Senate of the 24th
instant. Besides the documents here submitted, " as containing
the views of General Taylor as to the line proper to be occupied
at that time by the troops of the United States," there are two
other letters on file from him on the same subject — one of the 4th
of October, and the other the 7th of November, 1845; but, as they
800 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
are both subsequent to tbe date of the letter referred to In the reso-
lution, I have not furnished copies of them, as the call of the
Senate seems to be confined to General Taylor's views communi-
cated previous to the 20th of July, 1845. These two letters have
been, heretofore, communicated to Congress; and, should you deem
them to be included in the call of the Senate, they will be found
printed in the documents of the House of Representatives, 1st ses-
sion of last Congress, No. 196, pages 93 and 97.
In relation to that clause of the resolution which requests '' any
similar communication from any officer of the army on the same
subject," I have to state that no such communication is found on
the files of the department other than the endorsements of Major
General Scott on the letters of GeneraKTaylor; these endorse-
ments are also, herewith, submitted.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary ef War.
The President of the United States.
[confidential.]
Head-quarters, 1st Military Department,
Fort Jesupj La.j June 18, 1845.
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge a confidential communica-
tion, dated May 28th, from the Secretary of War, prescribing instruc-
tions for my guidance in the event of the annexation of Texas to
the United States, and of its being menaced by invasoin from a
third power.
I would respectfully state, that I deem the present positions of
the troops under my orders as being the best at this time, or until
we shall ascertain more certainly the nature of the service which
they may be called upon to perform on first entering Texas. Should
I receive authentic information from the government of Texas or
our charge, after the favorable action of the convention on the re-
solutions of annexation, that the country is threatened with inva-
sion, I shall without further delay, move the 3d and 4th regiments
of infantry, and probably some companies of the 7th, by water, to
some point on the coast whence they may readily take up suitable
positions to repel or hold in check the invading force. The cavalry
would move by land. For the particular service of repelling inva-
sion, the water route is not only the most economical and expedi-
tious, but presents the great advantage of throwing the troops into
position in a fresh condition, fit for immediate service. It may not,
however, be advisable to adopt that route after the sickly season
shall commence in New Orleans.
Except for the contingency above intimated, I consider the force
indicated in the instructions of the 21st of March, as being suffi-
cient for the present occupation of Texas. Instructions have been
given to the commanders of posts on the upper Red river, to re-
t Ex. Doc. No. 60. 801
strain the Indians within our limits from any acts of hostility
against the settlements of Texas; but, from considerable acquaint-
ance with affairs in that quarter, I anticipate no difficulty on that
head.
Captain Waggaman, of the subsistence department, has been in-
structed to proceed to Washington, in Texas, with the double ob-
ject of ]irocuring information in regard to the resources of the
country for subsistence, and as a bearer of despatches to President
Jooes and Major Donelson. He will remain until the action of
Congress shall be known, and perhaps longer— communicating with,
me in the mean time by express. I look with anxiety to the infor-
mation he may obtain, as my own orders will, to a considerable
extent, be regulated by it, not only in regard to the movement of
troops, but also the establishment of depots of provisions, in the
event of a march hence across the country.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen,. U. S. Jl., commanding'.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington city^ D. C.
Head-quarters, 1st Military Department,
Fort Jesup, La.j June 30, 1845.
Sir: I respectfully acknowledge the communication of the 15th
instant, from the Acting Secretary of War, which was received by
Lieutenant Lay last evening.
The infantry regiments will be put in motion immediately for
New Orleans or its vicinity, by way of Red river. This route is,
beyond all question, the best for the purposes indicated in the in-
structions. The 4th infantry will embark by the 4th, and the 3d
by the 8th of July. I am yet undecided as to the best route for
the cavalry, and shall wait for information to be procured by Cap-
tain Waggaman, from whom T expect to hear daily. In incline, at
present, to the opinion, that the dragoons can move by land to the
western part of Texas, and can be foraged there. We shall need
the services of mounted troops on our arrival, and the dragoons are
already so well instructed, and their horses in such training, that I
deem it all important, if practicable, to retain them as a mounted
force. This will be decided before my own departure for New
Orleans on the 8th July, and the department shall be. duly advised
accordingly. «.
We have received unofficial intelligence of the unanimous action
of the Texan congress in favor of annexation; in what particular
form is not known.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. ji., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army.
Washington city^ B.C.
51
802 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
[Endorsement.]
Respectfully laid before the Secretary of War:
I do not doubt that the dragoons may safely take their horses
with them to Texas, and find grain and grass enough for their sub-
sistence all along the usual route, from Natchitoches to Fo'rt
Alamo, and the Rio del Norte; north of that route, the grass is
known to be abundant; all which General Taylor will learn from
Captain Waggaraan.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Head-quarters, First Military' Department,
Fort Jesup^ La.^ July 8, 1845.
Sir: I respectfully enclose, for the information of the general-
in-chief and Secretary of War, copies of a communication from
our charge in Texas, dated June 28th, and of one from the Secre-
tary of War and Marine of Texas, dated June 27th, which were
delivered to me by Captain Waggaman, on the 7th instant.
It will be seen that the Executive of Texas recommends an
occupation, by United States troops, of certain points, Austin being
of the number; t-nd that the United States charge also recommends
the immediate occupation of the western frontier of Texas, from
the coast to San Antonio, and ultimately further north. The sug-
gestions of the latter, in regard to the line to be occupied, meet my
own views entirely, and, unless otherwise ordered, I shall confine
myself, in the first instance, to the line of the Nueces, which covers
all the settlements. I propose to concentrate all my force at or
near Corpus Christi, until the disposition of ^exico shall become
known. Should the Mexican troops on the Rio Grande assume a
hostile attitude, it will be necessary to have all the corps within
strikino- distance of each other, to be ready for any emergency.
Should our relation with them on the other hand be pacific, a por-
tion of the command can then be extended towards San Antonio.
I have, accordingly, given the cavalry a route overland hence to
Corpus Christi. If I receive information, on reaching the latter
point, rendering it necessary, there will be ample time, by express,
to change thein route. I shall order three months' forage to meet
the dragoons at Corpus Christi.
Major Donelson's communication confirms me in the resolution
of sending the dragoons by land. Tlfftt corps is in an excellent
state of instruction, and has made remarkable progress in recruiting
and training its horses.
Even should a portion of the horses be sacrificed on the march,
which I do not apprehend, the residue will soon be efficient, and
their services will be greatly needed. The remainder of the dra-
goon horses are near at hand, and will probably be able to accom-
pany the march, if not, they will be forwarded under an officer.
They are quite poor, having been driven from Missouri. Colonel
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 803
Twiggs has been instructed to move, upon receiving authentic in-
formation of the action of the convention, now silting at Austin,
upon the proposition of annexation, say frora'the 15th to the 20th
instant. My orders will show the dispositions that have been made
in regard to the sick, public property, &c.
A public train of at least fifty wagons will accompany the dra-
goons. Thirty more wagons will be taken from New Orleans; the
teams for them can be obtained in Texas. One hundred mul^s will
arrive with the dragoon horses, and will be nearly sufficient to fit
up all the wagons here.
The 4th infantry embarked for New Orleans on the 3d instant.
The 3d marched yesterday, and will embark at Grand Ecore to-day.
I shall leave to-morrow, and expect to reach New Orleans by the
12th. In view of the sickly season being at hand, I shall not con-
sider it necessary to wait for information in regard to the action of
the convention, particularly since receiving the communication of
Major Donelson. I hope to embark with the brigade of infantry as
early- as the 16th instant, and expect to reach Corpus Christi in four
days. Unless I get news from the convention in New Orleans, I
will probably touch at Galveston, where it cannot fail to reach me.
I look for instructions to turn over the command of the 1st mili-
tary department, before embarking for Texas, and shall do so at
any rate, if it be approved by Major General Gaines. It is evident
that I cannot, in Texas, exercise the command of the 1st military
department, without great delay and inconvenience to the service.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brigadier General^ U. S. jirmy, commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington City^ D. C.
[Endorsed.]
General Taylor's views highly approved.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
July 27, 1845.
Department of War and Marine,
Washington^ Texas ^ Jun£ 21 j 1845.
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of a commu-
nication addressed to his excellency the President, bearing date
13th instant, and enclosing a copy of instructions to you from the
Department of War of the United States, dated May 28, 1845. I
am instructed by the President to inform you that a joint resolu-
tion (a copy of which is enclosed) has been passed by the Congress
of Texas, making it the duty of the Executive "to invite the Exe-
cutive of the United States, through their representatives near this
government, to occupy, without delay, the frontier of this republic
with such troops as may be necessary for its defence." This re-
804 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
quest has been macle through Major A. J. Donelson, the charg6
d'affaires of the United Statts near this government.
The convention of the people of Texas will shortly assemble.
Should their deliberations result in assenting to annexation, the,
powers conferred upon you, in your instructions from the Depart-
ment of War of 28th ultimo, will be sufficient* for the government
of Texas to avail itself of the forces under your command, which
his excellency the President, if the interests of the country require
it, will do. . .
At this time, the frontier is entirely quiet from Indian disturb-
ances and Mexican invasion, but the conditions preliminary to a
treaty of peace between Mexico and Texas having been rejected
by Texas, renders it probable that Mexico will shortly assume a
hostile attitude. Early information shall be forwarded to you of
any movement of the Mexican troops, having for its object the in-
vasion of our territory.
The town of Austin where the convention will assemble, and the
most of the archives of our government are now deposited, being
on the frontier, and exposed to Indian depredations and Mexican
invasion, would require protection, as would also San Antonia de
Bexar and Corpus Christi. *
The United States troops stationed at Fort Washita could be re-
moved to Austin and San Antonio in a short time, the distance to
the former place being about two hundred and fifty miles, through
a country tolerably well watered, but sparsely settled. Vessels
drawing eight feet can enter the bay of Corpus Christi, and ap-
proach within twelve miles of the village. Lighters would be re-
quired to effect a landing.
The Congress of Texas has unanimously adopted the United
States resolutions on the subject of annexation.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
WM. G. COOK,
Secretary of War and Marine.
To Brevet Brigadier General Z. Taylor,
United States Army.
Legation of the United States,
Washington, Texas, June 28, 1845.
General: I received, by Captain Waggaman, your letter and the
accompanying documents, written for the purpose of acquainting
me with your instructions, and of ascertaining what will be the
probable necessity for the employment of the troops under your
commanit within the limits of Texas.
Captain Waggaman will hand you a letter from the W^ar Depart-
ment of this government, containing an application for the imme-,
diate employment of the troops under your command in the west-
ern borders of Texas. He will also bring you other papers, show-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 805
ing that all the branches of this government have given their con-
sent to the annexation of TexaS to the United States, and that the
consent of the convention, which is to assemble on the 4th of July,
will be certainly given.
If any reliance is to be placed upon the threats of Mexico, and
upon the advice which we may presume will be given by the British
and French governments, an invasion of Texas may be confidently
anticipated. At all events, it is so probable as to- justify the re-
moval of your force, without delay, to the western frontier of
Texas, in order that you may be ready to give the protection virhich
the President of the United States has felt himself authorized to
offer.
I would advise you to send your dragoons over land, taking the
most direct route for San Antonio, which is a healthy point,' about
one hundred and twenty miles from the gulf, abounding in good
water, and surrounded by a country said to be in a good state of
cultivation.
Your infantry I would advise to be furnished with transportation
direct from New Orlearis to Corpus Christi, as being the most cer-
tain and least expensive route. Corpus Christi is said to be as
healthy as Pensacola, a convenient place for supplies, and is, the
most western point n»w occupied by Texas; another point between
that and San Antonio, or further north than tho latter, may be
selected with still more advantage after you reach Corpus Christi.
•I would by no means be understood as advising you to take an
offensive attitude in regard to Mexico, without further orders from
the government of the United States. The probability is, if Mex-
ico undertakes the invasion, that she will attempt to' drive you
from the points suggested for your occupation. In that event, your
right of defence will of course authorize you to cripple and destroy
the Mexican army in the best way you can; but it should be dis-
tinctly understood that your action will be strictly defensive, and
aimed at the protection of the rights of Texas.
The occupation of the country between the Nueces and Rio
Grande, you are aware, is a disputed question. Texas holds Corpus
Christi; Mexico, Santiago, near the mouth of the Rio Grande.
The threatened invasion of Texas, however, by Mexico, is founded
upon the assumption that Texas has no territory independent of
Mexico.
Yeu can safely hold possession of Corpus Christi, and all other
points up the Nueces; and, if Mexico attempts to dislodge you,
drive her beyond the Rio Grande.
I will send you an express as soon as I am in possession of the
♦vote of the convention accepting the terms offered by the United
States for the admission of Texas into the Union. I will also, at
the same time, send, by the way of Galveston, the same informa-
tion to the President of the United States.
I regret to inform you that my health is so much prostrated by
an attack of fever, that I am not able to give you a more full ac-
count of the state of things here, I avail myself of the kind ser-
806 Ex. Doc. No. 60. ■
vices of Captain Waggaman, to whom I have dictated this commu-
nication.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant^
A. J. DONELSON.
Brigadier General Taylor,
Commanding General, Fort Jesup.
War Department, July 8, 1845.
Sir: This department is informed that Mexico has some military^
establishments on the east side of the Rio Grande, which are, and
for some time have been, in the actual occupancy of her troops.
In carrying out the instructions heretofore received, you will be
careful to avoid any acts of aggression unless an actual state of war
should exist. The Mexican forces at the posts in their possession,
and which have been so, will not be disturbed as long as the rela-
tions of peace between the United States and Mexico continue.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Brigadier General Z. Taylor. '
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, July 8, 1845.
Sir: Herewith I transmit a letter of this date from the Secretary
of War, addressed to you, touching the instructions heretofore com-
municated for your guidance.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. JONES,
Adjutant General.
Brigadier General Z. Taylor,
U. S. Army, commanding 1st department.
Care of U. S. Quartermaster, J^ew Orleans.
Head-quarters, 1st Military Department,
Jfew Orleans, La., July 20, 1845.
Sir: I respectfully acknowledge your communication of July 8^
covering the instructions of the Secretary of War of the same date,
relative to the Mexican settlements on this side the Rio Grande.
Those instructions will be closely obeyed; and the department may
Test assured that I will take no step to interrupt the friendly rela-
tions between the United States and Mexico. I am gratified at re-
ceiving these instructions, as they confirjn my views, previously
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 807
communicated, in regard to the proper line to be occupied at pres-
ent by our troops.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S. army^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
War Department,
Washington^ July 30, 1845.
Sir: Your letter from New Orleans, of the 20th instant, addressed
to the adjutant general, has been received and laid before the
President, and he desires me to express to you his approval of your
movements.
He has not tha requisite information in regard to the country to
enable him to give any positive directions as to the position you
ought to take, or the movements which it may be expedient to make;
these must be governed by circumstances. While avoiding, as you
have been instructed to do, all aggressive measures towards Mex-
ico, as long as the relations of peace exist between that republic
and the United States, you are expected to occupy, protect, and
defend, the territory of Texas to the extent that it has been occu-
pied by the people of Texas. The Rio Grande is claimed to be the
boundary between the two countries, and up to this boundary you
are to extend your protection, only excepting any posts on the east-
ern side thereof which are in the actual occupancy of Mexican
forces, or Mexican settlements, over which the republic of Texas
did not exercise jurisdiction at the period bf annexation, or shortjy
before that event. It is expected that, in selecting the establish-
ment for your troops, you will approach as near the boundary line —
the Rio Grande — as prudence will dictate. With this view the
President desires that your position, for a part of your forces at
least, should be west of the river Nueces.
You are directed to ascertain and communicate to this department
the number of Mexican troops now at Matamoras, and the other
Mexican posts along the border, their position, the condition of
them, and particularly the measures taken or contemplated to in-
crease or strengthen them. If you should have any reason to be-
lieve that the government of Mexico is concentrating forces on the
boundaries of the two countries, you will not only act with refer-
ence to such a state of things, but give the earliest information to
this department.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Brigadier General Z. Taylor,
Commanding the army of occupation in Texas.
808 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
PUBLICATION OF THE "GAINES LETTER."
MESSAGE
FROM THE
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES,
TRANSMITTING
A copy of General Taylor''s answer^ to the letter dated January 27,
1847, addressed to him by the Secretary of War.
February 4, 1848.
Laid upon the table, and ordered to be*rinted.
To the House of Representatives of the United States:.
I In compliance with Ihe request of the House of Representatives,
contained in their resolution of the 31st of January, 1848, I com-
municate herewith a report of the Secretary of War, transmitting
"a copy of General Taylor's answer to the letter, dated January
27, 1847," addressed to him by the Secretary of War.
JAMES K. POLK.
Washington, February 3, 1848.
War Department,
Washington, February 3, 1848.
Sir: In compliance with your directions, to he furnished with
a copy of General Taylor's answer to the letter dated January
27, 1847, which was addressed to General Taylor by the Hon.
William L. Marcy, Secretary of War, &c.," I have the honor to
submit herewith a copy of the letter referred to. The letter from
this department of the 27th of January, 1847, was laid before Con-
gress, pursuant to a call at the last session. The answer to it, now
submitted, was not then written, and did not reach this department
until more than a month and a half after the resolution calling for
the correspondence with General Taylor was answered, and Con-
gress had arljourned.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
To the President of the United States.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 809
Head-quarters, Armv of Occupation,
• Augua JVueva, March 3, 1847.
Sir: I have had the honor to receive your communication of
January SYf enclosing a newspaper slip, and expressing the regret
of the department that the letter copied in that slip, and which
was addressed by myself to Major General Gaines, should have
been published.
Although your letter does not convey the direct censure of the
department or the President, yet, when it is taken in connexion
with the revival of a paragraph in the regulations of 1825, touch-
ing the publication of private letters concerning operations in the
field, 1 am not permitted to doubt that I have become the subject
of executive disapprobation. To any expression of it, coming
with the authority of the President, I am bound by my duty, and
by my respect for his high office, patiently to submit; but, lest my
silence should be construed into a tacit admission of the grounds
and conclusions set forth in your communication, I deem it a duty
which I owe to myself, to submit a few remarks in reply. I shall
be pardoned for speaking plainly.
In the first place, the published letter bears upon its face the
most conclusive evidence that it was intended only for private pe-
rusal, and not at all for publication. It was published without my
knowledge, and contrary to my wishes. Surely I need not say that
I am not in the habit of writing for the nev^spapers. The letter
was a familiar one, written to an old military friend, with whom I
have for many years interchanged opinions on professional subjects.
That he should think proper, under any circumstances, to publish
it, could not have been foreseen by me.
In the absence of proof that the publication was made with my
authority or knowledge, I may be permitted to say, that the quota-
tion in your letter of the 650th paragraph of the superseded regu-
lations of 1825, in which the terms "mischievous" and "disgrace-
ful" are employed to characterize certain letters or reports, con-
veys, though not openly, a measure of rebuke, which, to say the
least, is rather harsh, and which many may think not warranted by
the premises.
Again, Ihave carefully examined the letter in question, and I do
not admit that it is obnoxious to the objections urged in your com-
munication. I see . nothing in it which, under the same circum-
stances I would not write again. To suppose that it will give the
enemy valuable information touching our past or prospective line of
operation, is to know very little of the Mexican sources of infor-
mation, or of their extraordinary sagacity and facilities in keeping
constantly apprised of our movements. As to my particular views
in regard to the general policy to be pursued towards Mexico, I
perceive, from the public journals, that they are shared by many
distinguished statesmen, and also, in part, by a conspicuous officer
of the navy, the publication of whose opinions is not perhaps ob-
structed by any regulations of his department. It is difficult, then,
to imagine that the diffusion of mine can render any peculiar aid
810 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
to the enemy or specially to disincline him " to enter into negotia-
tions for peace."
In conclusionj I would say, that it has given me great pain to he
brought into the position in which I now find myself with regard
to the Department of War and the government. It has not been
of my own seeking. To the extent of my ability and the means
placed at my disposal, I have sought faithfully to serve the country
by carrying out the wishes and instructions of the Executive. But
it cannot be concealed that, since the capitulation of Monterey, the
confidence of the department, and I too much fear, of the President,
has been gradually withdrawn, and my consideration and useful-
ness correspondingly diminished. The apparent determination of
the department to place me in an attitude antagonistical to the gov-
ernment, has an apt illustration in the well known fable of iEsop.
But I ask no favor, and I shrink from no responsibility. While
entrusted with the command in this quarter, I shall continue to de-
vote all my energies to the public good, looking for my reward to
the consciousness of pure motives, and to the final verdict of im-
partial history.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. »,5., commanding.
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War^ Washington^ D. C.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. , 811
CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE SECRETARY OF
WAR AND GENERALS SCOTT AND TAYLOR, AND BE-
TWEEN GENERAL SCOTT AND MR. TRIST.
MESSAGE
FROM THE
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES,
TRANSMITTING
Reports from the Secretary of State and Secretary of War, with,
the accompanying documents, in compliance with the resolution
of the House of Representatives, of the 1th February, 1848.
March 20, 1848.
Laid upon the table, and ordered to be printed.
To the House of Representatives:
I transmit herewith reports from the Secretary of State and the
Secretary of War, with the accopipanying documents, in compli-
ance with the resolution of the House of Representatives, of the
7th February, 1848, requesting the President to communicate to
that House, " copies of all correspondence between the Secretary
of War and Major General Scott, and between the Secretary of
War and Major General Taylor, and between Major General Scott
and N. P. Trist, late commissioner of the United States to Mexico,
and between the latter and the Secretary of State, which has not
heretofore been published, and the publication of which may not
be incompatible with the public interest."
JAMES K. POLK.
Washington, March 20, 1848.
812 . Ex. Doc. No. 60.
REPORT FROM THE SECRETARY OF STATE.
To the. President of the United States:
The Secretary of State to whom was referred that part of the
resolution of the House of Representatives, of the seventh ultimo,
requesting the President to communicate to that House, " copies of
all correspondence between Major General Scott and N. P. Trist,
late commissioner of the United States in, Mexico, and between the
latter and the Secretary of State, which has not heretofore been
published, and the publication of which may not be incompatible
with the public interest," has the honor to lay before the President
the accompanying papers, and to report that they comprise all the
correspondence between General Scott and Mr. Trist, and between
the latter and this department relating thereto, on record or on file
in the department.
All which is respectfully submitted.
JAMES BUCHANAN.
Department of State,
Washington^ March 20, 1848.
List of Papers.
Mr. Trist to Mr. Buchanan, May 7, 1847, (extract.)
The same to the same. May 21, 1847.
General Scott to Mr. Trist, May 7, 1847.
Mr. Trist to General' Scott, May 20, 1847.
The same to the same, May 9, 1847.
The same to Mr. Buchanan, June 3, 1847, (extract.)
The same to the same, June 13, 1847, (extract.)
Mr. Buchanan to Mr. "Trist, June 14, I8i7, (extract.)
The same to the same, July 13, 1847, (extract.)
Mr. Trist to Mr. 'Buchanan, July 23, 1847, (extract.)
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 813
Mr. Trist to Mr. Buchanan.
[Extract.]
Sir:
Vera Cruz,
Friday night, May 7, 1817.
Colonel Wilson left it entirely to me to determine every point
in regard to 1iie despatches for General Scott, and the result of my
consideration of .the various alternatives that presented them-
selves was, that they left here (including, of course, the letter of
the minister of foreign relations) yesterday, about 5, p. m., in
charge of Lieutenant Lacey, of the Tennessee dragoons, and the
despatches are, before this time, doubtless, in the hands of General
Scott, (at Puebla, in all probability,) together with a letter from
me, of which I had no time to take a copy.
Hon. James Buchanan,
Secretary of State. •
Mr. Trist to Mr. Buchanan.
[No. 4.]
' Jala PA, May 21 y 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith a very extraordinary
letter, (if, indeed, anything from his pen can properly be so desig-
nated,) received by me from General Scott, together with a copy
of my. reply and of a letter enclosing that reply.
Although the explicit order delivered to him in the latter, on
behalf of the President, with respect to the transmission of the
communication from yourself to the minister of foreign affairs, may
perhaps prove effectual, I beg leave to suggest for consideration
whether it would not be advisable to despatch to General Scott a
special order, through the War Department, confirming the one
thus delivered by me; for, from the officer capable of writino- such
a letter, under any circumstances — and, above all, such as it was
written in, so totally wanting in anything like provocation — I do
not know what to anticipate or not to anticipate.
Excepting a report which came in here last evening that Gen-
eral Herrera had been elected President, and that this event is con-
sidered favorable to peace, no news whatever has been received
here since my arrival. When we reach Puebla — for which I shall
set cut to-morrow afternoon with General Twiggs's division — I hope
to have it in my power to give at least some account of political
affairs and prospects, whether favorable or unfavorable. A youth
814 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
from Guadalajara, who is here on his way to Vera Cruz to embark
for England, tells me that in his native place (some 300 leagues
nearly from Mexico) all are in favor of continuing the war, at
least there is but a handful of the opposite sentiment. But in the
city of Mexico, where he passed a month, there is a very strong
party in favor of peace. This I consider good evidence of the
state of public opinion, on that face of it which is likely to catch
the eye of persons of his class — intelligent and modest lads of the
age of 17 or 18.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
N. P. TRIST.
Hon. James Buchanan,
Secretary of State,
P. S. — On the occasion of transmitting this correspondence with
General Scott, I should do him injustice, although he could not be
injured thereby with any person at all conversant with his charac-.
ter, were I to omit to mention that, so far as " respect^' for the
government can be proved by such outward acts as bear the same
relation to this sentiment which genuflexions and upturnings of the
eyes bear to religion, nothing could have been more perfect than
the proof afforded in my case of the sincerity with which he pro-
fesses the established creed upon this point. Not only was I met
on the road, as we approached the city, by General Scott's aid-de-
camp and the chief of the quartermaster's department, deputed by
him to conduct me to the quarters which he had caused to be se-
cured for me, but I was subsequently called upon by the governor,
in compliance with orders from the general-in-chief, to offer me a
guard, (which I declined, there being no necessity for it.) So far,
therefore, as ceremonial goes, and attentions t© my person, as that
of " a functionary of the government," nothing could be added to
the proof, which it receives in this shape, of respect for its
authority.
Major General Scott to Mr. Trist.
[Enclosure No. 4.]
Head-quarters of the Army,
J a lap a, May 7, 1847.
Sir: I have just received your note of yesterday, accompanied
by communications to me from the Secretary of War, and one
(sealed!) from the Department of State to the minister of foreign
affairs of the republic of Mexico.
You are right in doubting whether there be a government, even
de facto J in this republic. General SantH Anna, the nominal presi-
Ex. Doc. No. 60, 815
dent, has been, until within a day or two, in the neighborhood of
Oriziba, organizing bands of rancheros, banditti, or guerillas, to cut
off stragglers of this armj; and, probably, the very train, all im-
portant to us, which you propose to accompany into the interior;
the safety of which train has detained me here and caused me a
high degree of solicitude. Hence I regret that Colonel Wilson,
commanding at Vera Cruz, has allowed himself, a second time, to
be persuaded to detach, to bring oip despatches, (for your accommo-
dation,) a material portion of the force I had relied upon as the
escort of that train. The other detachment to which I allude came
up some days ago to escort Lieutenant Semmes, of the navy, duly
accredited by Commodore Perry, to the Mexican minister of for-
eign affairs, to negotiate the exchange of Passed Midshipman
Rogers, now a prisoner of war. That matter, also, seems to have
been considered too important to be entrusted to my agency!
But, to return to the actual government of Mexico. Seiior An-
aya is, I believe, president, ad interim. But you may have learned
that the Congress, after hearing of the affair of Cerro Gordo, passed
many violent decrees, breathing war, to the uttermost, against the
United States; declaring that the executive has no power, and
shall have none, to conclude a treaty, or even an armistice, with
the United States,, and denouncing as a traitor any Mexican func-
tionary who shall entertain either proposition. I have communicated
a copy of those decrees to the War Department, and, until further
orders thereupon, or until a change of circumstances, I very much
doubt whether I can so far commit the honor of my government as
to take any direct agency in forwarding the sealed despatcii you
have sent me from the Secretary of State of the United States.
On this delicate point, however, you will do as you. please; and
when, if able, I shall have advanced near to the capital, I may, at
your instance, lend an escort to your flag of truce; and it may re-
quire a large fighting detachment to protect even a flag of truce
against the rancheros and banditti who now infest the national road,
all the way up to the capital.
I see that the Secretary of War proposes to degrade me, by re-
quiring that I, the commander of this army, shall defer to you, the
chief clerk of the Department of State, the question of continuing
or discontinuing hostilities.
I beg to say to him and to you, that here, in the heart of a hostile
country, from which, after a few weeks, it would be impossible to
withdraw this army without a loss, probably, of half its numbers
by the vomito, which army, from necessity, must soon become a
self-sustaining machine^ cutoff from all supplies and reinforcements
from home until, perhaps, late in November — not to speak of the
bad faith of the government and people of Mexico — I say, in re-
ference to those critical circumstances, this army mUst take 7?i?7/7arjr'
security for its own safety. Hence, the question of an armistice or
no armistice is, most peculiarly, a military question, appertaining,
of necessity, if not of universal right, in the absence of direct in-
structions, to the coraraanjler of the invading forces; consequently,
816 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
if you are not clothed with military rank over me, as well as with
diplomatic functions, 1 shall demand, under the peculiar circum-
stances, that, in your negotiations, if the enemy should entertain
your overtures, you refer that question to me, and all the securities
belonging to it. The safety of this army demands no less, and I
am responsible for that safety, until duly superseded or recalled.
Indeed, from the nature of the case, if the enemy, on your petition,
should be willing to concede an armistice, he would, no doubt,
demand the military guaranty of my signature, for his own safety.
Should you, under the exposition of circumstances I have given,
visit the moveable head-quarters of this army, I shall receive you
with the respect due to a functionary of my government; but
whether you would find me here, at Perote, Puebla, or elsewhere,
depends on events changeable at every moment.
The sealed despatch from the Department of State I suppose you
to desire me to hold until your arrival, or until I shall hear farther
from you.
1 remain, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
N. P. Trist, Esq., 4-c.j Sfc, &-C.
Mr. Trist to Major General Scott.
[Enclosure in No. 4.]
Jalapa, May 20, 1847.
Sir: The enclosed reply to the tirade against our government,
which you saw fit to put into the shape of a letter to me, (I regret
exceedingly that it did not receive a more appropriate form and
direction, by being made up, at once^ into an "article" to adorn
the columns of some reckless partisan press,) was commenced at
San Juan del Rio; where, after taking time to recover from the
amazement w^hich your letter occasioned, and coolly to reflect upon
its extraordinary character — as I have repeatedly done since on the i
journey — I passed ' nearly the whole night in writing, so desirous
did I feel to dismiss the unpleasant subject from my mind. Hav-
ing motives also for wishing that my reply should reach you be-
fpre my arrival here, I parposed finishing it at the first place where
it could be resumed. With this view, when we reached El Encero,
I got out my writing materials, intending to pass the greater part
of the night in this labor, and that of taking a copy. This design
having, however, been defeated by the alerte which we had there
just about sunset, causing Col. Riley to order the advance of the
train with which I was to retire from its position in and around
the house and out-buildings; the completion of my task has, from
this and subsequent causes, been unavoidably delayed until now.
I was, most assuredly, not sent to Mexico for any such purpose
as that of engaging in a correspondence with you; above all, in one
of the nature of that which I have so unexpectedly found forced upon
Ex. Doc. No. 60. . 817
Bie; and I Joubt whether the s;overnment will approve of ray liavin^
allowed yiyseif to employ any portion of my time in it. Certain I
am that this would be censured, but for the fact that yoU'- letter
found me under circumstances rendering; it impossible that I shcald
occupy myself upon the object for which I was pent here. The
ssme excuse will not 'exist hereafter* and even if it should, num-
berless other good and sufficient reasons will always exist to com-
pel me to decline the honor of maintaining a correspondence with
you.
The communication from the Department of State to the Mexi-
'Can minister of foreign relations, transmitted to you by me from
Vera Cruz, has been returned to me, since ray arrival at this place,
by your uiilitary secretary, Lieut. Lay, So soon as I shall be en-
abled to ascertain that the condition of the government of this
country -is such as to admit of its delivery, it will be again placed
in the hands of the general- in-chief of our forces, for that purpose.
Upon recuraing to your letter, I find both its tone and its matter,
with respect to the transmission of this communication, so perfectly
in keeping with the rest of it, and especially with the light in
which you have seen fit to consider me — that of an emissary of the
Secretary of War, through whom and to whom you ma} "say"
whatever your honor suggests — that I deem it necessary to make a
special endeavor, in regard to this ^^ery important poiiil, to bring
down your thoughts *from the lofty regions into which they have
soared, to the one alone a|)propriate to such plain matters of busi-
ness as I am charged with.
You say that some time hence, perhap?., "I (you) may^ at your
(my) instance, lend an escort to your (my) flag of truce; and it may
require a large fighting detachment to protect even a flag of truce
against the rancheros and banditti,'' &c.
.Now, sir, in reply to this, all I have to do is to deliver to you —
as I hereby do in writing — (and this for the second time, unless
my first letter was far more.: enigmatical than I believe it could
seem to any honest men, who, upori their conscience and honor
should be called to respond to the questions, whether you had or had
not, in this instance, been guilty of a wanton contempt of orders;
and whether this otfence had or had not been aggravated by the
character of the pietences under which the contempt was indulged
in, and the contumacy sought to be covered up) — I have, I say,
sir, to deliver to you this message from your commander-in-chief,
the President of the United States, to wil: ''^When the co7nmunica-
tion, bearing the seal of the Department of State, and addressed
'to his excellency the minister of foreign relations of the Mexican
republic,' shall be placed in the hands 0/ the general-in-chief of
the United States army in Mexico, it is ^ht will, order, and com-
mand of the President of the United -States, that the said commu-
nication shall forthwith be transmitted to its destination unaer a
fag of t.Hce; which flag of truce is to proceed from the head-
quartcis of the army, and^is to be a fag of truce from the general-
in-chiei. It is to be projected by iuch escort as the general-in-
chief shall deem necessary and proper for its security against all
62
818 Ex Doc. No. 60.
dangers of the road in general^ {including those from ^rancheros
and handitti^^ in particular.^ Whether the escort necessary and
'proper for the purpose shall, in the judgment of the general-in-
chief^ he a corporaVs guard, a company, a regiment, or a brigade;
such necessary and proper escort, whatever it may he, is to he fur-
nished. The President, at the same time, commands that the
general-in-chief shall not, for the sake of carrying out this order j
do ought which may jeopard the existence of the army, or interfere
with any movements or operations whatever which he may deem
necessary or expedient for the most vigorous possible prosecution of
the war. The traiismission of the communication above referred to
is at all tim.es to be deem,ed a secondary consideration to any of
those just mentioned ; hut it is also to he deemed at all times para-
Tnount to every thing else, and, so far as may be compatible with
them, the utmost attention is demanded to it."
This, sir, is the order and command of the President of the Uni-
ted States, which — standing as I do to him, for this special purpose,
in precisely the same relation that one of your aids-de-camp bears
to yourself, when entrusted witin a verbal order from you to a sub-
ordinate officer — I do hereby convey to the general-in-chief of the
army.
You will now, sir, I trust, understand, when the communication
referred to shall again be placed in your hands, that greatly de-
ficient in wisdom as the present (and indeed* any democratic) ad-
ministration of the government must necessarily be, it has not, in
this particular instance, fallen into so egregious a blunder as to
make the transmission and delivery of that communication depen-
dent upon the amiable affability and gracious condescension of
General Winfield Scott.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
N. P. TRIST.
To Major General Winfield Scott,
General-in-chief o'f the U. S. Army in Mexico.
Mr. Trist to Major General Scott.
[Enclosure in No, 4.]
BiTOUAC AT Saw JuAlf DEL RiO,
May 9, 1847.
Sir: Your letter of the 7th instant, directed to me at Vera
Cruz, and transmitted by Captain Kearney, has met me at this
place, on my way to the head-quarters of the United States army
in Mexico, where my instructions require me to be, and for which
I set out from Vera Cruz yesterday, in company with Captain Gray-
son, of your staff, a gentleman to whose kind attentions I am already
much indebted.
In the exercise of the discretion left me, as to the precise time
for proceeding to head-quarters, I should probably have decided
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 819
upon remaining at Vera Cruz, until I could obtain some definite
information respecting the aspect which things now wear with
reference to the object of my mission, had it not been for the infor-
mation confidentially communicated to me by the gOTernor of Vera
Cruz, confirming, (as your letter again does,) the correctness of the
impression which I found generally prevalent there, that, after the
passage of this well guarded train, all communication between our
army aad the seaboard would probably be cut off, and remain
closed for some time. This consideration, joined with my utter
want of all means of judging at what moment a juncture might be
likely to occur, when every thing, so far as regards the re-estab-
lishment of peace between the two countries, would depend upon
my being on the spot, ready to carry out my instructions, without
the loss of a single day, determined me to set out forthwith. My
short stay at Vera Cruz had, consequently, to be employed in
making the requisite arrangements for leaving with the train, (the
departure of which was to take place on the morning after my
arrival, though it did not occur till a day later,) instead of being
given, as it otherwise would have been, to the examination of files
of the Mexican papers for the last five or six weeks; whereby alone
my entire ignorance of all political events since the capture of
Vera Cruz, and indeed for some time previous, could have been
dispelled; for I found all our officers at that city so engrossed by
the urgent demands upon their attention which are every instant
arising, that the only intelligence elicited by my inquiries was,
that every thing was in the utmost confusion, and that a new presi-
dent had been elected in place of Santa Anna, and in utter disre-
gard of his title to that office, under the election of last year.
No one acquainted with the history of this country could be sur-
prised at such a proceeding, and I took for granted that it had
happened exactly so, until I learned from your letter that this new
president is merely a "president ad interim,^^ not intended to
supersede Santa Anna, the latter being still "the nominal presi-
dent," in other words, the recognised head of the governmjent.
The frantic decrees of the Mexican Congress which you mention,
I had nerer before heard of, although, if your letter had found me
still at Vera Cruz, it would most certainly not have had any such
effect as that of deterring me from proceeding into t^e interior,
and causing me to abandon all idea that ray presence ihere might
possibly be of use. In themselves, such irksome proceedings could
have had no force whatever upon my mind in forming an estimate
of the probabilities of peace, and, in my endeavors to judge of the
weight to which they might be entitled from concurrent circum-
stances, I should not have lost sight of the fact, that it was from
the Mexican congress that these brute fulminations had proceeded,
the same body, who, calling themselves the representatives of the
people, and with "God and liberty" for their motto, had allowed
their country to be crushed under a domestic military tyranny,,
far more grinding than the Janissary oppresiion inflicted upon the
Greeks by their Moslem conquerors.
820 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Upon despatching to you the hurried note written a few hours
after my arrival at Vera Cruz, I did not at all anticipate, sir, that
a written correspondence was to arise between us, or that any
communication wiratever would be made on your pajtuntil I should
Lave the pleasure of congratulating you in person upon the bril-
iian success which has attended your movements. Your letter,
however, is one which cannot remain unanswered. It imposes
upon me the duty at once to reply to it by a written correction of
the misconceptions which, to my very deep regret, no less than
exceeding surprise, have, from some cause or other, taken posses-
sion'of your imagination upon the receipt of my letter.
The first of these in importance is the one evinced by the re-
marks, in ihe course which you say: "I see that the Secretary of
War proposes to degrade me, by requiring that I, the commander
of this army, c-hall defer to you, the chief clerk of the Department of
State, the question of continuing or discontinuing hostilities."''
Upon this poixu, sir, I have to state that the order conveyed to
you in the letter of the Secretary of War, did not originate with
that officer, but emanated from him, who, if the constitution df
the United States be anything but an empty formula, is "the com-
mander-in-chief-' of "this army,'"' anfi of the whole armed force
of the United States, in v/hatsoever quarter of the globe it may be
directed to operate. In the present instance, this fact is positively
known to me, and had it not been to, i should still, slight as is my
acquaintance with military affairs, have taken it for granted, for I
do not recollect ever to have heard of an instance, in which an im-
portant order issuing from the War Department, above all, one
manifestly founded upon executive determinations respecting our
foreign relations, was ascribed to any other source, or in which a
diepcsition to treat such order with contempt sought to shelter
itself under any such cover as the pretence, that it was regarded as
the mere act of the Secretary of War.
Commodore Perry, to whom the same identical order was issued
through the Navy Department, and with whom I had a conversa-
tion on the subject, did not see in it anything at all extraordinary.
This, however, may have been caused by his being less habitually
vigilant of, or less gifted with discernment in regard to, the honor
of his bran,ch of the public service. Or, perhaps, this want of
penetration on his part may be attributable to his not having equal
reason tor believing his own personal consequence to be so exces-
sive, and the influence of the Secretary of the Navy to be so over-
whelming, that for the mere sake of affording indulgence to the
personal envy and malevolence of the latter, in the very vilest
shape in which these base passions can manifest themselves, a most
important measure of the government (belonging obviously to the
branch of public duties appertaining to the Department of State,
and having no reference to the functions of the War Department)
was deliberately planned and decided upon, and a confidential
diplomatic agent despatched post haste from Washington, with a
communication for the Mexican government.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 8:21
Thus much in regard to the author of the degradation supposed
by you to be involved in this order. With respect to the degra-
dation itself, and the imagined necessity of your deferring to me
on "a military question," the following passage in my instruc-
tions, (instructions which, in making the full explanation referred
to in my first letter, it was my intention to submit for your peru-
sal) will suffice. It shows that "the question of continuing or
discontinuing hostilities," so far from having been in any manner
committed to my discretion, is one which the President, in the
discharge of the duty which he ovi>es to our country, has judged
proper to reserve entirely to the chief executive authority of our
government: "If the contingency shall occur, on the happening
of which as provided by the third article of the proposed treaty,
hostilities are required to be suspended, you wi!l, without delay,
communicnfe this fact to the commanders of our land and naval
forces, respectively, the Secretaries of War and of the Navy
having already issued orders to them tor the suspension of lios-
tiliiies, upon the receipt of such notice from yourself."
It is here seen, that the object of the order, thus provisionally
issued to the commanders of our land and naval forces is, simply,
that they shall cease to wage war upon Mexico, on the occurrence
of a certain contingency. This contingency, as it was intended
that you should be fully informed, by the exhibition of the pro-
posed treaty, immediately upon my reaching head-quarters, is,
the ratification^ by the Mexican govern?nenfj of a definite treaty^
eslah/ishing peace hetioeen the tivo countries. No power or discre-
tion whatever — no shadow of any such thing, is vested in me, with
respect to the suspession of hostilities. So far as this measure is
connected with ray mission, or can by any possibility grow out of
luy mission, it cannot take place except upon the occurrence of
a state of things strictly defined by the President. A treaty of
peace and amity, such as I am empowered to make, must first be
conceded, and not only concluded, but ratified by Mexico; and
then, upon notice of this state of things, given by me to the re-
spective commanders, the order for the suspension of hostilities is
to come into force, this order being the President's order, emana-
ting from him, through the appropriate departments, and not 7ny
order. To represent it as mine, strikes me* as being no less obvi-
ously erroneous, than it would be to state thai the generals of
the army under your command, had been subjected to the authority
of your aids-de-camp, and required to "defer" to them, because
you had issued an order requiring the former to execute a particu-
lar movement, previously prescribed by yourself, whensoever they
should receive iVotn the latter a notice or direction to that effect.
And the error would be no less palpable, if, instead of the course
pursued by the government, in issuing to yourself and to Commo-
dore Perry the provisional order which you have received, the
President had judged it to be expedient and necessary that you
should never hear of the proposed treaty until it should have been
ratified on the part of Mjxico, and I had been instructed then, to
822 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
notify this fact to you, and to require you, in his name, to suspend
hostilities.
So long, then, as the two countries shall continue to he in a state
of war, the operations of our forces in Mexico cannot, by the re-
motest possibility, be affected bj the fact that I am charged with
the duty of making that notification. So far as those operations
are concerned, the case now stands, and cannot but continue to
stand, precisely as if negotiations for peace had taken place at
Washington, and as if no order for the suspension of hostilities
had issued until after those negotiations had been brought to a suc-
cessful close. The only difference which can result from our gov-
ernment's having a diplomatic representative on the spot, is,
that the restoration of peace may possibly be thereby hastened.
And the only difference made by this agent's being instructed to
give notice of its restoration, (instead of waiting till this could
travel from Mexico to Washington, and back again from Washing-
ton to the army,) is, that the calamities of war would be arrested
a month or two, or more, the sooner; and that this very conside-
ration might, in itself, be the cause of peace, by determining the
enemy to conclude a treaty which, otherwise, he would be unwil-
ling to enter into. On your part, sir, above all other men, this
certainly could not be objected to; for, unless my memory deceives
me, our batteries before Vera Cruz were, in your official despatch,
reported as being in "a state of awful activity," an epithet
•which struck me at the moment as being a somewhat unusual
one in artillery technicals, although the National Intelligencer
very soon afterwards accounted for it to my entire satisfaction, bj^
the assurance which it gave our country, that you are "distin-
guished for humanity," an assurance which receives the strongest
possible corroboration from the little word thus inadvertently
dropped from your pen.
In a word, sir, the course determined upon by our government,
respecting the suspension of hostilities, is what any man of plain,
unsophisticated common sense would take for granted that it must
be; and it is not what your exuberant fancy and over cultivated
imagination would make. The question truly presented by it, and
it would require very skilful sophistry, indeed, to make our country
believe that this could be otherwise than obvious to any man oc-
cupying your position, is not whether the immediate command and
direction of the United States forces in Mexico is to con,tinue to
reside in the senior officer of the army present, or is to be transfer-
red to some person not belonging to the army. The question is,
■whether the government of the United States is to be permitted by
General Winfield Scott to discharge its international functions and
duties in its own way, and by agents of its own selection, when he
may have taken a fancy to relieve it of the trouble of attending to
them, by himself settling the preliminaries of peace, in adjusting
the terms of that "armistice" with regard to which he has judged
proper so vehemently to assert his own exclusive competency.
It may be remarked, that, even if the order thus prospectively
given by the President, instead of having reference to a notice of
Ex. Doc. No. 60. * 823
the happening of a certain anticipated possibility, (which it was
deemed expedient and necessary not to refer to specifically in the
order,) had directed that hostilities should be suspended upon the
receipt of a requirement from a secret and confidential agent of the
government; even in this case, a genuine, as contradistinguished
from a merely verbal or forrnalry "respect" for the authority of the
constitution, would be likely to suggest to any commander receiv-
ing such order and habitually entertaining such genuine sentiment,
at least to abstain from all premature determinations to treat it as
a nullity. He might, through love of country and forgetfulness of
self, make up his mind, should the order take effect under circum-
stances rendering it destructive of the. public weal, then to disobey
it. But he would scarcely show haste to make a parade of this de-
termination, or to set to his army an example of insubordination
by any unnecessary disclosure of even this contingent intention be-
fore those circumstances had»become matter of fact and of positive
knowledge, and whilst they had as yet not ceased to be the coin-
age of an imagination ready to impute to the chief magistrate
elected by our country — aided in his deliberations by the eminent
citizens whom he had called around him for the purpose — a course
of proceeding so imbecile as to awaken surprise that the bare pos-
sibility of its having ever been contemplated by them should sug-
gest itself to any sane mind.
With regard to the choice made by the President of the person
to be charged. wy;h the measures dictated by him for bringing about
the state of things whereof notice is thus to be given, I, sir, do not
entertain a doubt but that far better selections might have been
made; and that it has fallen upon myself solely in consequence of
the peculiar circumstances of the juncture. Among these far bet-
ter selections, the best of all, perhaps, would have been the present
commander of our land forces in Mexico. This would have been
attended with one advantage, at least, that of precluding all danger
of this attempt to restore peace being rendered abortive by collis-
sions in regard to "military rank." But if the President has proved
himself not duly sensible of this consideration, added to the many
others, which should doubtless have weighed with him in favor of
the appointment now referred to; and should he hereafter have
cause to repent that he did not make it, no part of the blame can
ever attach to me, for he knows that the sin thus committed by him
was not in any way participated in by me, except so far as my con-
sent, in reply to his own spontaneously expressed wish, no less un-
desired than unsought on my part, may have made me one of the
guHty.
My instructions (which, as has already been stated, I am author-
ized to make known to you, and had intended to exhibit to you)
show that no ground exists, either for the supposition you have made,
that the object for which I have been sent here is, to '■'•petition'''^
the enemy to'"'' concede an armistice," or for the apprehension which
you express, that the communication from the Secretary of State of
the United States of America^ to the Mexican Minister of foreign
relations, may be of a nature to " commit the honor o/" the gov-
824 • Ex. Doc. No. 60.
err.menf of our cotintry ; although 'his patriotic solicitude, most
assuredly cannot fail to be duly appreciated by that country, and
mpst especially by all sticklers for military subordination within
the army, and for the strict enforcement of the respect due from
the military to the civil authority. Equally groundless will be
found to be the supposition that ^' the chief clerk of the Depart-
of State" can have been taken from his desk, and sent to the seat
of war in the heart of the enemy's country, " clothed with milita-
ry rank over" the senior officer of t,be army of the United States!
The propriety of its finding a place in the reply of that, senior
otncer to the communication which, in the discharge of the duties
confided to me. I found it necessary to address to him, is a point
■which does not call for remark from toe. The merits of this jeu
d'esprit, as a specimen of delicate and refined irony, so peculiarly
appropriate, too, in reply to a letter so oifensive as mine, I wil-
lingly leave to the good taste and go'od feeling of our countrymen.
They will not fail to do justice to it also, as a model of the re-
spect due by all public servants to the oilice and the authority of the
President of thr United States.
The communication from the Secretary of State to the Mexican
minister, in regard to which you express surprise, (or perhaps in-
dignation may be the meaning of your note of exclamation.) that
it should have been enclosed to you for transmission " sealed," was
so sealed because it was deemed proper that it should bear the seal
of the Department of State of the Unlteil Statesj^and in this-there
is no departure from the established practice in similar cases. It
Avas intended, however, that you should be made acquainted v/ith
its contents, as well as with every thing else relating to the subject,
by means of ihe copy in my possession^ and I had supposed that this
intention was sufficiently expressed in my former letter, though from
the haste in which it was w^ritten and despatched, (and which did
not allovf me to retain a copy,) it'was doubtless very imperfect in
more than one particular. But, had no such intimation been given,
and had no such intention existed, the doctrine which should deny
to the government of the United States the right to send to its
agents or officers abroad, civil or military, for transmission to fo-
reign governments, any communications which it might be deemed
nervjssary to make, and in such state, sealed or unsealed, as it
might be deemed appropriate to the occasion, such a doctrine would,
so far as my very limited knowledge extends, be a most extraordi-
nary innovation in the conduct of public affairs. Nothing is more
common than to send naval commanders, of any and every rank, to
sea with " sealed orders;" which, although addressed to themselves^
and relating to public interests entrusted exclusively to theni^ they
are required not to open for weeks or months thereafter, or not at
all, except upon the occurrence of a certain contingency. And if
this be considered as not affecting their honor, and as not giving
them the right to take their government to task, either by the de-
Tice of notes of exclamation or by less condensed modes of ex-
pression, it strikes my poor judgment as following, a fortiori^ that
no such right can arise from the transmission, through them, of a
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 825
sealed note to a foreign government, upon matters totally distinct
Jrom, their own professional duties.
The liaste in which the communications for the Mexican minister
of foreign relations was Hespatched to you, arose from^ the utter
uncertainty in which I found myself, whether the state of things
then existing in the interior might notbe such as to present a crisis,
rendering it of the highest importance to our country, and to
Mexico likewise, that the moment should be seized for the delivery
of that communication. It was the President's intention, when I
left Washington, that it should be delivered immediately upon jny
arrival in this country, and that it should forthwith be placed in the
hands of the general-in-chief of our forces for this purpose. By
transmitting it to you, and making the intention of the President
known, my duty in regard to it is fulfilled. At the same time, had
I been aware that the circumstances of the moment were decidedly
unpropitious for its delivery, I should have deemed it my duty,
perhaps, to retain it, or at any rate to recommend, at the moment of
placing it in your hands, that its transmission should be delayed,
until a favorable change should occur, or at least until further in-
structions could be received.
Under this view of the subject, I do not regret that its transmis-
sion has been delayed until I shall have reached Jalapa; although
I cannot, I must confess, assent to the correctness of the ground
upon which your determination thus to delay it is placed. It is
impossible for me to perceive how it could have been inferred from
the extreme anxiety evinced by me to transmit that communication
to you at the earliest possible moment, that it w^as contemplated by
the instructions under which I so acted, that you were to retain it
until my arrival at " the moveable head-quarters."
[Extract.]
Mr. Trist to Mr. Buchanan.
[No. 6.]
Sir:
PuEBLA, June 3, 1847
*
On my arrival here I received a letter from General Scott, to
which I shall make no reply, (as I informed the aid. Lieutenant
Hamilton, who handed it to me,) and which I will transmit at some
other time. No other communication has reached me from him;
and, as was stated at the beginning of ihis letter, it was through
accident only that I became informed of the opportunity for w^rit-
ing afforded by the train for Jalapa to-morrow morning.
* * # * #.* * *
Hon. James Buchanan,
Secretary of State. '
826 Ex. Doc. No. 60
[Extract.]
Mr. Trist to Mr. Buchanan.
[No. 7.]
Sir:
PuESLA, June 13j 1847.
It will be perceived that, in my last letter to , I refer to
the corroboration afforded by Mr. , to v/hat I had inferred
from a few Mexico newspapers, in regard to the opportuneness of
the period when your communication to the minister of foreign re-
lations reached the hands of General Scott for its delivery to the
Mexican government. Mr. stated that the loss of this op-
portunity was much to be regretted, and he mentioned several facts
showing how favorable it had been. The most striking of these
was that Mr. had been applied to, on the part of a high per-
sonage, (named,) to know if he would write to General S., asking
whether he would entertain a proposal for the suspension of his
advance, as a measure preliminary to an offer to enter into negoti-
ations. The motive, too, was stated; it was, that the troops (doubt-
less the means also) which it would otherwise be requisite to draw
from the States, for the defence of the capital, might be kept there
to give strength to those who would sustain the government in
such offer.
*
Hon. James Buchanan,
Secretary of State.
[Extract.]
Mr. Buchanan to Mr. Trist.
[No. 2.] Department of State,
Washington, June 14, 1847.
Sir: Your despatch of the 21st ultimo, which you have numbered
4, was received on the 3d instant. None of a later date from you
has yet come to hand.
The original letter from General Scott to yourself, dated at Jala-
pa, May 7, 1847, which you have transmitted with your despatch,
is certainly of a most extraordinary character. It was well calcu-
lated to wound your feelings and excite your indignation. This
letter surely never would have been written, had he awaited your
arrival at his head-quarters and read the instructions and theprojet
of a treaty with Mexico, which you were authorized to communi-
cate to him confidentially.' The perusal of these documents must
have put to flight the unfounded suspicions, in regard to your mis-
sion, which seem to have pre-occupied his mind and influenced his
conduct.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 827
You were entrusted with no further agency in regard to my com-
munication of the I5th April last, addressed to the Mexican minis-
ter for foreign relations, after it was placed in the hands of General
Scott. Your whole duty respecting it was then performed. If he
has either refused or negleted to transmit that important docu-
ment to ihe minister to whom it was directed, and thus violated a
military order of the President, issued to him through the Depart-
ment of War, he has incurred a heavy responsibility* but for this
he is neither answerable to the Department of State nor the com-
missioner to Mexico. The question belongs exclusively to the
military branch of the government.
You might safely have relied upon the government here for the
vindication of your character and conduct. Indeed General Scott's
letter to you had upon its face placed him so clearly in the wrong
that no commentary upon it, however able, which you may have
written, can have made the case plainer. Some days before the
arrival of your despatch, the War Department had received a
-despatch from the general, enclosing a copy of his letter to you;
and a judicious and appropriate answer, dated on the 3lst of May,
was returned to him by the Secretary of War.
Whilst our armies are in the country of the enemy, and our min-
ister of peace is at the head-quarters of the commanding general,
this is no time for personal altercations between them, if these can
possibly be avoided. Under such circumstances, the greater the
sacrifice of private griefs, however well foVinded, which you may
make upon the altar of your country, the more will this redound to
your honor hereafter. You have been despatched to Mexico by
your government as a minister of peace; and, to accomplish the ,
great object of your mission, a hearty co-operation between the
general and yourself may be indispensable. Under these consider-
ations, I am directed by the President, in case amicable relations
shall not, in the mean time, have been restored, to instruct you to
call upon General Scott and offer to communicate to him, confiden-
tially, the instructions and the projet of a treaty with %yhich you
have been entrusted, and to report to this departraent, without
delay, the circumstances and the result of your interview.
Governor Marcy has again written to General Scott by the mes-
senger who will bear you this despatch.
Yours, very respectfully,
JAMES BUCHANAN.
N. P. Trist, Esq., cVc, 4'c., Sfc.
[Extract.]
Mr. Buchanan to Mr. Trist.
£No. 3.] Department of State,
Washington., July 13, 1847.
Sir: A duplicate of your No. 4, dated 21st of May, 1847, to-
gether with a copy of the first ten pages of your letter to General
828 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Scott of the 9th of May, and of your letter to him of the 20tb of
May. was received at the department on the 2Sth ultimo. Your
No. 6, of the 3d of June, 1847, was also received on the 29th ulti-
mo; but your No. 5, (if indeed there be such a number) has not yet
come to hand. It is much to be regretted that you could not have
found time to prepare and transmit copies of your letters to General
Scott ofthe9ch and 20th of May, with the original of your despatch,
!No. 4. In that event they would hive been received nearly a month
earlier; and even now we have only a part of your letter to him of
the 9th of May. General Scott's answer to these letters, dated at
Pueblo on the 29th of May, has been received at the War Depart-
ment, from which I have obtained a copy.
These documents have produced feelings of deep mortification
and disappointment in the mind of the President. It is lamentable
to reflect that the restoration of p. ace may have been defeated or
delayed by a violent and embittered personal quarrel between two
functionaries of the government in the enemy's country, and whilst
the war is raging.
You do nut seem sufficiently to have reflected that you were en-
trusted with no power whatever over the disposition of my communi-
cation of the 15th of April last, to the Mexican minister for foreign
affairs, except that of a mere bearer of despatches. After it had
reached the hands of General Scott, your, agency in regard to it
should have terminated, and ouo;ht never to have been resumed.
His refusal or omission to forward that communication to the place
of its destination, in obedience to the military order of the Presi-
dent through the Secretary of War, was a question in no manner
connected with your mission. It was therefore, with regret that
the President dis«overed from your letter to the general of the 20th
of May, that you had consented to take back this communication
from his possession, and to assume a discretion which had not been
delegated, in regard to the appropriate time for forwarding it to
the Mexican minister for foreign affairs. You say to the general
that, "so soon as I shall be enabled to ascertain that the condition
of the government of this country is such as to admit of its delivery,
it will be again placed in the hands of the general-in-chief of our
forces for that purpose."
You have thus done much to relieve General Scotl from the re-
sponsibility of disobeyiiig the order communicated to him through
the Secretary of War; and have, in effect, without any authority,
undertaken to decide that it was not proper, under existing circum-
stances, to transmit my letter to the Mexican minister for foreign
affairs. In this decision the President cannot concur. That letter
was an answer to the letter of Mr. Monasterio to myself, dated on
the 22(1 of February last, and was required, not only by courtesy,
but the highest public considerations. Its immediate delivery to
the Mexican minister for foreign affairs could have done no possi-
ble harm, and might have been productive of much positive good.
Indeed, had it reached its destination soon after the victary of
Cerro Gordo, from the state of public feeling then existing in the city
of Mexico, it might and probably would have been productive of the
Ex. Doc. No. GO. 829
happ.iest consequences. But, whether or not, the lime of its rie-
liv«^ry was a question not left to your discretion.
The greatest pains were taken, in framing your instructions, to
prevent all possible interference on your part with the appropriate
military duties of General Scott. It was partly to convince him of
this fact that you were authorized Jo exhibit these instructions to
him, together with the project of the treaty. Your authority, so far
as he was concerned, was limited to the single point of giving him
notice that the contingency had occurred, to wit, the ratification of
the treaty by the Mexican government, " on the happening of whii'h,
as provided by the third article, hostilities are required to be sus,-
pended. The ratification of such a treaty by Hpxico, accordino-
to the spirit of the act of Congress of the 3d of March, 1847,
^'making further appropriation to bring the existing warwith Mexi-
co to a spetdy tind honorable conclusion," was to be the sit^nal for
the termination of hostilities. As the negotiator of the treaty, from
his position, must necessarily be first informed of this event,'he was
required "without delay to communicate the fact to the com'man-
ders of our land and naval forces respectively." All the rest was
left to the instructions issued by the Secretaries of War and of the
Navy to our military and naval commanders. Up to this last mo-
ment your duties were wholly unconnected with General Scott, and
then they were limited to a mere official communication, that the
Mexican government had concluded and ratihed a treaty of peace
with the United States.
Under these circumstances, it was with deep regret that the Pre-
sident learned, from your letter to the general of the 20th of May
that you had undertaken, in his name, to become the medium of
giving to that ofncer an order in advance, to be executed when you
should think proper again to deliver into his hands my communica-
tion to the Mexican miaister for foreign affairs; and, to enforce
obedience to this order, you declare that, for this special purpose
you stand in precisely the same relation to the President that one
of his aids-de-carnp bears to himself, when entrusted with a verbal
order from him to his subordinate officer.
It is a most disagreeable task thus to criticise your conduct.
General Scott, by his letter to you of the 7th of May last, had placed
himself clearly in the wrong. Whether any pretext existed for
writing such a letter — justification he could have had none — can only
appear ft cm your letter to him of the 6th of May, to which his was
a response. It is therefore much to be regretted that you have ke^t
* no copy of this letter, which has now become so important, and the
general has not furnished the War Department with a copy.
I purposely forbear to express any opinion of your reply to Gen.
Scott of the 9th of May, until I shall have an entire copy of it
before me; and his rejoinder to you of the 29th of May, I leave ia
the hands of the Secretary of War, to v/hom he is directly respon-
sible.
Your mission was a mere precautionary measure. In the then
existing relations between the two countries the President could not
have appointed public commissioners to treat withMexico, because
830 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
it was morally certain they would not be received. At the same
time it was foreseen that in the progress of our arms a favorable
juncture might occur for the conclusion of a treaty, which, if not
seized at the moment, might not ag'ain speedily return. The Pre-
sident would have been inexcusable had he not provided for such
a contingency. For this purpose you were employed as a confiden-
tial agent, to proceed to the head-quarters of the army with the
projet of a treaty already prepared; and in case the Mexican govern-
ment should refuse to conclude this treaty, you were authorized to
make the necessary* preliminary arrangements for the meeting of
cammissioners. It was almost essential to the success of your mis-
sion, that you should cultimate a good understanding with the com-
mander-in-chief of the army. It was, therefore, unfortunate that
you had not in person delivered to him the despatches with which
you were entrusted, and at the same time made him fully acquainted'
with the character and objects of your mission, as well as with the
nature of my communication to the Mexican minister of foreign
affairs. For these reasons, therefore, although the letter of General
Scott was well calculated to irritate your feelings and excite your
indignation, you would have best performed your duty to your
country had you stifled your resentment, and entrusted your vindi-
cation to the Secretary of War, acting under the order of the Pre-
sident. Indeed, for this purpose the letter required no studied
reply. It is on its face the production of unfounded jealousy,
which the author's own sober reflection, if left to itself, would most
probably have corrected.
The President trusts that ere this, in obedience to my instructions
of the 14th ultimo, (of which I now transmit you a duplicate,) you
have called upon General Scott and communicated to him the
instructions and projet of a treaty with which you have been;
entrusted, and that even if friendly relations have not been restored,
neither you nor he will suffer your personal feud to defeat or to
delay the conclusion of a treatry af peace with Mexico.
Yours, very respectfully,
N. P. Trjst, Esq., &c., &c., &c.
JAMES BUCHANAN.
[Extract.]
Mr. Trist to Mr. Buchanan.
[No. 9.J
PuEBLA, July 23, 1847.
In my No. 8,* under date the 7th inst., I transmitted a copy of
a letter addressed by me to General Scott, under date 25th June,
• This despatch haa nerer be»n rcceiyed ft( the Department of State.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 831
and his reply to the same. This constituted the commencement of
our official intercourse with reference to the duties with which I
am charged. Justice — to say nothing of my own feelings towards
a gentleman and a public servant, whose character I now believe
that I had entirely misconceived — demands that I should embrace
this early opportunity to say that his whole conduct, in this regard,
has been characterized by the purest public spirit, and a fidelity
and devotion which could not be surpassed, to the views of the
government, in regard to the restoration of peace. This spirit, on.
his part, as wull clearly appear when the details are communicated,
has manifested itself, not in a passive way merely, (as might be
supposed from the nature of our relative positions and duties,) but
in a disposition to assume responsibility, and responsibility of the
gravest kind, in utter disregard of consequences to himself. And
this disposition, or rather this readiness and fixed determination,
on his part, although the occasion which has called it forth did
not relate to the discharge of his military duties, strictly speaking,
has not required any appeal from me to elicit it- but has mani-
fested itself in the most spontaneous and patriotic manner. Under
these circumstances, it could not but be a cause of the most serious
Tegret, on my part, if the correspondence between us that took
place shortly after my arrival in this country should in any way
be brought to the notice of the public; and, consequently, if in your
judgment consistent with propriety, it would be highly gratifyi»g
to me to be permitted to withdraw it from the files of the depart-
ment,
I am, sir, very respectfullv, your obedient servant,
N. P. TRIST.
Hon. James Buchanan,
Secretary of State.
832 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
REPORT FROM THE SECRETARY OF WAR.
War Department,
iVashington, March 16, 1848.
Sir: In pursuance of your directions, I have the honor to fur-
nish, herewith, copies of such papers in this department as are em-
braced by the resolution of the House of Representatives of the
7th ultimo, requesting you to communicate to the House " copies-
of all correspondence between the Secretary of War and Major
General Scott, and between the Secretary of War and Major Gen-
eral Taylor, and between the Major General Scott and N. P. Trist,
late commissioner of the United States to Mexico," Sic, not here-
tofore published.
The copies now furnished are intended and are believed to em-
brace all correspondence not heretofore published, between this
depirtment and the general officers above named, except such as
related to matters of detail, returns and condition of the troops,
charges against officers, proceedings of courts martial, and military"
commissions, &c., and a few letters from this department accounted
for in the memorandum herew^ith; and also the correspondence be-
tween General Scott and Mr. Trist, so far as has been commanica-
ted by the former. to this department.
Very rcf-pectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of V/ar.
To the President
of the United States.
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
833
Memorandum of correspoJidence between the Secretary of War and
Major General Scott, including that hetween General Scott and
Mr. Tristj so far as has been communicated by the former.
u
ci
II
((
u
((
({
It
u
((
u
((
a
1, present session.)
General Scott, No. 13, March 12, 1847.
General Scott, No. 14, March 14, 1847.
General Scott, No. 15, March 17, 1847.
General Scott, No. 16, March 18, 1847.
General Scott, No. 17, March 21, 1847.
General Scott, No. 18, March 23, 1847.
General Scott, No. 18, March 29, 1847.
Secretary of War, April 12, 1847.
Secretary of War, April 12, 1847. Pu
1st session, 30th Congress.
General Scott No. 20, April 5, 1847.
General Scott, No. 21, April 8, 1847.
Secretary of War, April 30, 1847.
General Scott, No. 22, April 11, 1847.
r Reports of the bat-
General Scott, No. 23, April 19, 1847. j tie of Cerro Gor-
General Scott, No. 24, April 23, 1847. | do. Doc. No. 1.
i 1st s., 30th Con!
rela-
tive to the
siege of Vera
Cruz. Pub.
Doc. No. 1,
1st session,
30th Cong.
Published, Doc. 1,
834 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Letter of Secretary of War, April 14, 1847.
" Secretary of War, April 14, 1847. (2d.)
«' Secretary of War, May 10, 1847. Publi
1, 1st session, 30th Congress.
Secretary of War, May 14, 1847.
Secretary of War, May 17, 1847.
Secretary of War, May 19, 1847.
General Scott, No. 25, April 28, 1847.
Secretary of War, May 20, 1847.
General Scott, No. 26, May 6, 1847.
General Scott, No. 27, May 7, 1847.
Secretary of War, May 31, 1847.
General Scott, No. 28, May 20, 1847
Secretary of War, June 14, 1847.
Secretary of War, June 15, 1847. 1
1, present session.
Secretary of War, June 15, 1847.
General Scott, No. 29, June 4, 1847.
Secretary of War, July 12, 1847.
Secretary of War, July 19, 1847.
Secretary of War, August 6, 1847.
Secretary of War, September 1, 1847.
Secretary of War, September 23, 1847.
Secretary of War, October 6, ]847.
Secretary of War, October 22, 1847.
Secretary of War, October 22, 1847.
Secretary of War, October 24, 1847.
Secretary of War, October 26, 1847.
Secretary of War, November 8, 1847.
General Scott, No. 30, July 25, 18^
cember 30, published. Doc. No. 1, f
General Scott, No. 32, Aug. 19, 1847.
GpTiPr;,! Srntt. No. .32. Aup-. 28. 1847.
(2d.)
Published, Doc. No.
1847.
" Secretary of War, June 15, 1847. Published, Doc. No.
a
a
((
li
a
((
li
a
li
II
II
li
li
li
li
4:1. I lishedjDoc.No.
47. J 1,1st s. ,30th C.
General Pillow, Octo-
ber, 1847..
Letter of Secretary of War, November 19, 1847.
" General Scott, No. 35, October 27, 1847.
Papers transmitted by Major General Scott, October 27, 1847.
Letter of General Scott, No. 36, November 27, 1847.
" General Scott, No. 37, December 4, 1847.
" Secretary of War, December 14, 1847.
<' Secretary of War, January 5, 1848, introduces Mr. H.
(Omitted.)
<' General Scott, No. 38, December 13, 1847.
" General Scott, No. 39, December 14, 1847.
" Secretary of War, January 13, 1848.
" Secretary of War, January 13, 1848. (2d.)
" Secretary of War, January 19, 1848.
" General Scott, No. 40, December 17, 1847.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 835
Letter of General Scott, No. 41, December 25, 1847.
<' Secretary of War to General Scott, enclosing a letter of
General Jesup, March 11, 1848.
" General Scott, No. 42, January 6, 1848.
<' General Scott, No. 43, January 13, 1848.
Papers transmitted, January 14, 1848.
Letter of General Scott, No. 44, February 2, 1848.
" General Scott, February 6, 1848.
" General Scott, No. 45, February 9, 1848.
Papers^ omitted in the despatches heretofore sent, communicated to
Congress.
A. J. P. De Mora to General Santa Anna, April 13, 1847.
B. Lieut. Col. E. A. Hitchcock to Major General Scott, April 24,
1847.
836 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Washington, Jfovemher 19, 1846.
Sir: I have the honor to request that a treasury draft for fifty,
forty, or thirty thousand dollars may be passed in my favor, on ac-
count of army contingencies, in the prosecution of the war against
Mexico.
"Army contingencies" may not be the proper head under which
this sum should be charged to me. The money is wanted for pur-
chasing intelligence respecting the enemy's numbers, positions,
movements, and designs, or as secret service money.
Quartermasters, from whom to draw money for such purposes,
may, frequently, not be at hand, and it often happens that they, and
other disbursing officers about head-quarters, may be momentarily
out of cash, even for ordinary payments. A small sum, therefore,
in the hands of the commander of the army, to be turned over, on
the proper receipts, to disbursing officers of the different depart-
ments, is of frequent necessity in the field.
To meet all the purposes indicated, I should ask for a larger
amount, but that I am reluctant to take the trouble and responsi-
bility of a sum of more than fifty thousand dollars at once. Thirty
thousand is the minimum sum — the amount deemed absolutely ne-
cessary.
I make the requisition now, as it may take several days to
pass the draught through the forms of the treasury, and I hope to
leave Washington Saturday evening, or, at the latest, Monday
morning next.
It would be better to make the draught payable at New York,
as I can ship the specie, with myself, from that place, say on the
25th instant.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War.
War Department,
Washington, JYovember 23, 1846.
Sir: The President, several days since, communicated, in person,
to you his orders to repair to Mexico, to take command of the
forces there assembled; and particularly to organize and set on foot,
an expedition to operate on the gulf coast, if, on arriving at the
theatre of action, you shall deem it to be practicable. It is not
proposed to control your operations by definite and positive instruc-
tions, but you are left to prosecute them as your judgment, under
a full view of all the circumstances, shall dictate. The work is
before you, and the means provided, or to be provided, for accom-
plishing it are committed to you, in the full confidence that you
will use them to the best advantage.
The objects which it is desirable to obtain have been indicated,
and it is hoped that you will have the requisite force to accomplish
them.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. ' 837
Of this you must be the judge, when preparations are made and
the time for action has arrived.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War. '
Major Gen. Winfield Scott.
War Department, JYovember 25, 1847.
Sir: A letter, of which the enclosed is a copy, was sent to Com-
rcodore Connor, commander of the United States squadron off Vera
Cruz, and by him has been transmitted to the Secretary of the
Navy, with the remark that it is from a reliable source, and is
corroborated by similar information obtained through other chan-
nels.
It is deemed important that you should be in possession of the
statements contained in that paper, to the end that means may be
taken to ascertain whether they are well founded; and if there be
any reason to believe them true, that you may act with reference
to the movements of the enemy therein indicated.
A copy of the enclosed paper has been sent to Major General
Taylor, and to General Patterson.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major Gen, Winfield Scott,
War Department,
Washington^ December 7, 1846.
Sir: I sent you, directed to New York, a copy of a letter with-
out the name of the writer to it, furnished by Commodore Connor,
indicating what was supposed to be the plan of operations of Santa
Anna, I now send you the copy of a letter from Commodore Con-
nor, written as long ago as the 30th of September, but just received
by the Secretary of the Navy, accompanied by an extract from a
letter of Mr. Black, our consul at the city of Mexico, to the
commodore. I have no doubt that the Mexican policy is to carry on
a guerrilla war, and avoid a regular battle whenever it can be done.
Should they get some trifling successes in this way, they will be
mightily magnified and the Mexican people encouraged. I do not
doubt that a proper degree of caution will be observed, to disap-
point their expectations.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
^ W, L. MARCY,
• Secretary of War.
Major General Scott, ,
Jfew Orleans.
838 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
No. 2.
Head-quarters of the Army.
Jfew Orleans^ December 21, 1846.
Sir: Opposed by head winds, (northers in the Gulf of Mexico,)
I reached this place at the end of nineteen, instead of twelve
days.
I found here your communications of November the 23d, and
December the 7th. I have also seen your letter (in the hands of
Lieutenant Colonel Hunt) to the quartermaster general, dated the
11th.
By the latter paper, I perceive tlat the vessels freighted with
ordnance and ordnance stores are to rendezvous at Pensacola, there
to await my orders, instead of lying out an indefinite time off the
Brazos. This is an excellent arrangement; but, as I fear, the new
regiments of volunteers will, most, if not all of them, be quite
backward in their organization and embarkation, they will have no
time for tactical instruction at Pensacola, or anywhere else, before
a descent upon the coast of Mexico, in front of the enemy. I beg,
therefore, you will cause the chiefs of the staff about you to make
the necessary calculations, and to push forward the new volunteers
to the Brazos, so that as many of the foot regiruents as possible
may be off that point by the middle of the next month. Instruc-
tions to the same effect will be left here with Brevet Brigadier
General Brooke, in respect to the [four regiments which will pass
out by the Mississippi. Such of the same corps as may arrive off
the Brazos after my departure thence down the Mexican coast, will
find instructions to follow me.
There is nothing late, of striking interest," from the army in
Mexico, other than the death of Brigadier General Hamar, of the
volunteers. This melancholy event is not known officially, but it
is universally credited.
At the latest date. Major General Taylor was supposed about to
make a movement, with a part of his army, upon Victoria, via
Linares. Surplus troops at, or within easy reach of Tampico, will
not be out of position for operations farther down the coast.
I enclose a copy of my letter of yesterday to that commander.
By instructions to the bearer, (Captain Montgomery,) I have
made it almost impossible that it should fall into the hands of the
enemy.
I doubt whether my arrangements here with Brigadier General
Brooke and the staff will be completed in time for me to embark in
the Alabama, to-morrow. That steam ship takes out many com-
panies of the rifles. The Massachusetts, and other steamers, will
be at hand, freighted, to accommodate me a day or two later.
I have the honor to remain, sir, with high respect, your most
obedient servant,
V7INFIELD SCOTT.
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 839
[No. 1.] Head-quarters or the Army,
Mew Orleans^ December 20, 1846.
Sir: I enclose, herewith, a copy of a semi-official letter which
I addressed to you from New York, the 25th ultimo.
A tedious passage only brought me to this place yesterday, and I
now write by a safe conveyance. Captain Montgomery, who sails in
an hour or two. I shall follow, the day after to-morrow, in the
steam-ship Alabama.
The particular expedition I am to conduct is destined against
Vera Cruz, and through it, the castle of San Juan d'Ulloa, so as
to open, if we are successful, a new and shorter line of operations
upon the capital of Mexico.
The first great difficulty is to get together, in time, and afloat, off
the Brazos, a sufficient force to give us a reasonable prospect of
success, before the usual period, say the end of March, for the re-
turn of the black vomit on the coast of Mexico.
I have supposed that 15,000 lands troops, including five of regu-
lars, and the co-operation of the blockading squadron, desirable, if
not absolutely necessaryj but am now inclined to move forward to
the attack, should I be able to assemble the 5,000 regulars, and,
say, three of volunteers. ,;
Of the new regiments of volunteers called for from States this
side of Texas, I can hardly hope that more than four will reach the
Brazos before the 15th of the next month, the day 1 have appointed
for that general rendezvous; and I have supposed that the descent
ought to be made, in sight of Vera Cruz, at an early day in Febru-
ary. On all those points, and others connected with the invasion
of Mexico, on this side of the continent, your advice is invited and
will be highly acceptable. Perhaps you may be able to meet me
on the Rio Grande, say at Camargo, or lower down the river; and
I shall send an officer to you, at an early day, who will be able to
communicate my views to you in greater detail.
To make up the force for the new expedition, I foresee that I
shall, as I intimated in my letter, of which I enclose a copy, be
obliged to reduce you to the defensive, at the moment when it
would be of the greatest importance to the success of my expedi-
tion that you should be in strength to manoeuvre offensively upon
San Luis de Potosi, &c.
It is not known that Brigadier General Wool's division has yet
joined you, but it is supposed that he is already on your lire of
operati( ns.
This letter is written in haste, to enable you to prepare the
troops to be detached from your general command.
Including the regulars and volunteers at Tampico, or on their
way thither, I may now say that I shall want from you, say Worth's
division of regulars, made up to 4,000 men; two field b tteries, say
Duncan's and Taylor's, and 500 regular cavalry; bes'des 500 vol-
unteer cavalry, and as many volunteer foot as you can possibly
spare — leaving you a sufficient force to defend Monterey and main-
tain your communications with Camargo, the mf uth of the Rio
840 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Grande and Point Isabel. The whole of this force will be needed
at the latter points by the middle of January.
Until I can communicate with you again, I forbear further de-
tails, and remain, with the highest respect, your most obedient
servant,
V7INFIELD SCOTT.
P. S. — Troops at Tampico will be, perhaps, in a more favorable
position for embarkation as a part of the Vera Cruz expedition
than if they were at Point Isabel. I propose to leave but a small
garrison at Tampico^
W. S.
Major General Z. Taylor,
U. S. A.^ commanding, ^c, §'c., Src.
War Department,
Washington, December 14, 1846.
Sir: I send you a copy of a letter written to the Secretary of
the Navy, describing a plan for debarkation in the vicinity of Vera
Cruz. I know nothing of the writer, nor can I find any one who
does; yet it is quite evident he has some personal knowledge of the
localities. I have thought it proper that you should possess a
copy of it.
I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Scott, JVew Orleans.
No. 3.
Head-quarters of the Army,
JYew Orleans, December 23, 1846.
Sir: The steamer Alabama has been detained a day, greatly to
my regret, in receiving freight and five companies of rifles; but I
am in the act of embarking.
I have just had the honor to receive your letter of the 14th
instant.
Enclosed herewith are copies of two letters one to Brigadier
General Brooke, and the other to Commodore Connor.
Please observe the suggestion respecting the rendezvous between
the Island Lobos and the main, some sixty miles beyond Tampico;
and if the information of the Navy Department should confirm that
I have just received here, I beg that the ships with troops and sup-
plies, destined against Vera Cruz, yet to sail from Atlantic ports,
may be directed from Washington to rendezvous in that harbor^
rather than at Pensacola, or off the Brazos or Tampico. Volunteer
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 841
regiments which are not likely to be in time for the descent I am
to make near Vera Cruz, may be expected. The r'eaimost of these
may be ordered to the Brazos.
In haste, I have the honor to be, with high respect, your obe-
dient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Hon. Wm. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War.
Head- QUARTERS or the Army,
J^ew Orleans^ December 23, 1846.
Sir: Your position here, as the commander of the western divi-
sion, is a most important one, in respect to the war against Mexico
and I know that you will continue to fill it with your accustomed
zeal, energy and judgment.
The object of this letter is to throw together certain memoranda
which demand special attention.
Four regiments of new volunteers are to pass out of this river,
and much materiel^ for the theatre of hostilities, and many ships
with ordnance and ordnance stores, perhaps also with troops,
intended for the same destination, may rendezvous, in ten, fifteen,
or twenty days, at Pensacola. As they may arrive, I wish the
whole (troops and supplies) to be despatched for the Brazos San
lago, subject to my further orders; but the volunteers, ordnance
and ordnance stores, need not arrive at that point earlier than the
12th or 15th of the next month. The larger part of the former,
will, I fear, not reach this place, or Pensacola, till a later day.
Such you will order to follow and report to me, as fast as they may
come within your command.
Each transport should have on board subsistence for its troops
to last (say) three months.
Boats for embarkation and debarkation, now under construction,
on the Atlantic coast, will come out wath the troops expected from
that direction.
The current supplies for the array already in Mexico are not al-
luded to above. Those will go forward as heretofore, subject to
the changes of positions and numbers, and must always be kept in
advance of the wants of the service. Every confidence is reposed
in your able assistants, the chiefs of the staff here, Lieut. Colonel
Hunt and Captain Grayson. Any company of regulars or detach-
ment of recruits which may pass this way will also be pushed for-
.ward. All not under special instructions for particular regiments
will receive orders from me, off the Brazos, whether I may be per-
sonally there or not. Besides the rifles, but few troops will be
landed there.
Captain Dimond, a commissary, attached to the volunteers, may
be soon expected here from a confidential mission. Give him or-
ders to follow me without unnecessary delay.
It is quite probable that you will receive early instructions from
842 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
me to give to troops and supplies which may come within your
sphere, particularly after a given day, another destination, without
touching at the Brazos.
I have made you confidentially acquainted with my views and
expectations respecting the further prosecution of the war, to serve
you as a general guide in the support confidently expected from
you, and the better to enable you to comprehend special instruc-
tions. You will keep me constantly advised of the movement
hence of troops and supplies which are to follow me, and take care
to send all officers in health, and not under special instructions,
who fall under your notice, to their regiments, or to their proper
stations. Let there be no idling or lingering, on the^ir part, in this
quarter.
Take particular care, through the quartermaster's department, to
forward, rapidly, all letters and packages to or from my head-
quarters.
I have just received information of a harbor, said to be a good
one, between the island of Lobos and the main, some sixty miles
beyond Tampico. I shall probably desire you, in a few days, to
direct many of the ships with troops and supplies to rendezvous,
after, perhaps, touching for orders off the Brazos. Get all the in-
formation you can touching that harbor.
With great respect, yours truly,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Brevet Brig. Gen. Brooks,
U. S. ji.j commanding, Sfc, ^c, ^"c.
Head-quarters of the Army,
JVew Orleans, December 23, 1846.
Sir: You have, no doubt, been informed by the Navy Depart-
ment that I am ordered to Mexico, and of the probability of our
becoming, as soon as practicable, associated in joint operations
against the enemy. I look forward with great pleasure to that
movement. I shall do all in ray power to render the combined
service cordial and effective. Of your hearty reciprocation I am
entirely confident. This is the beginning of a correspondence
which the objects in view will render frequent on my part, and I
hope to hear often from you in reply, and on all matters interest-
ing to the common service.
You are aware of the point near which our more intimate asso-
ciation will take place. I hope to be ready for the descent at a
very early day in the month after the next. Every effort will be .
made to get afloat off the Brazos San lago, and off Tampico, in
time, the necessary number of troops. I have estimated twelve or *
fifteen thousand, besides the numbers you may be able to supply
from the blockading squadron, to be highly desirable; but yoa may
expect me, if I can get afloat, in time to meet you early in Febru-
ary, ten, eight, or even five thousand men. The land force is ex-
pected from the Atlantic coast, the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, all
Ex. Doc. No. 60.* 843
new volunteers to be added to regulars'and volunteeers to be with-
drawn from Major General Taylor. I have appointed the 15th of
the next month for the assemblage of afl intended for the particu-
lar expedition I am to conduct, off the two points mentioned above;
but do not hope that more than three regiments of the new volun-
teers will be up so early. I shall, therefore, have to draw more
largely upon the forces already on and beyond the Rio Grande. I
am aware of the usual return of the black vomit, early in April, at
the proposed point of our joint operations, and hence shall not be
able to wait for the largest number of land troops I deem desira-
ble. ' This number will greatly depend on the force we may expect
to oppose our descent from the open sea. I mean a Mexican army,
in the field-, not the garrisons and guns of any city or fort. Of the
probability of our meeting such army, and of its numbers, I rely
greatly on information you may be able to impart, and on agents
which I have employed or am about to employ, in all, five or six.
Those agents, as they may be able to get out of the enemy's coun-
try, are, or will be, instructed to report in writing or in person to
you, or to some superior officer of your squadron, relying on your
kindness to transmit the information rapidly to me, and beg to sug-
gest that instructions may be given to board all neutral vessels
coming put of the enemy's ports, after (say) about the 10th of the
next month, in order to receive such agents or their written re-
ports. Otherwise they may be compelled to return or to report
from the Havanna. I hope in time to b-e able to give you their
names, and shall be happy to receive your advice and suggestions
on this delicate branch of the service, and all others.
I embark to-day for the Brazos, and hence write in haste.
Thence I may go up to Camargo for a few days, but wherever I may
be, your despatches will follow me rapidly. Perhaps you may ap-
propriate some steamer to our frequent correspondence. What my
means of that sort may be at the Brazos, I cannot yet precisely
know. Occasionally I may find a steamer for the purpose, at least
as far as your vessels off Tampico.
Upon information just obtained, I think it quite probable that I
may appoint the roadstead between the Island of Lobos and the
main, some fifty or sixty miles beyond Tampico, as a general ren-
dezvous for the transports and other vessels with troops and sup-
plies destined for the expedition in question. If a good harbor, as
reported, it will serve and mask my views admirably. Please give
me information on the subject, although I may be compelled to act
to some extent before I can hear from you.
I have the honor to remain, sir, with the greatest respect, your
most obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Commodore D. Connor, U. S. Mavy .
Commanding blockading squadron off the coast of Mexico.
844 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
No. 4..
Head-quarters of the Army,
Matmnoras, December 30, 1846.
Sir: I came here this morning and found nothing; but the same
contradictory rumors which prevailed yesterday at the Bazos and
the mouth of this river. But an officer has just arrived here (for
additional subsistence) from Major General Patterson, at San Fer-
nando, who says, positively, that the latter had, on the morning of
the 27th instant, official despatches from Major General Taylor,
saying that he was about to return, with a part of his moveable
column, to Monterey, in order to support Brevet Brigadier Gen-
eral Worth, understood to be manaced at Saltillo by Santa Anna
and a powerful army.
This information has determined me to proceed up the river to
Camargo, in order to meet despatches from Major General Taylorj
and if his outposts should be seriously menaced, to join him rapidly.
Otherwise, I shall, at Camargo, be within easy corresponding dis-
tance of him in respect to my ulterior destination.
If the enemy be acting offensively, with a large force, which I
yet somewhat doubt, w^e must first repulse and cripple him in time
to proceed to the new and more distant theatre.
No boat has come down the river in many days, on account of
the heavy winds, which make descent and ascent extremely diffi-
cult. Hence, nothing, it is believed, has passed here from Major
General Taylor's head-quarters of a later date than the 14th in-
stant.
The steamer in which I write is ready to depart.
I have the honor to remain, with high respect, your obedient
servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
I have received no communication from Washington since my
acknowledgements at New Orleans.
W. S.
Hon. W. L. Marcy, »
Secretary of War.
No. 5.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Brazos San lago, Jajiuary 12, 1847,
Sir: I had the honor to address you last the 3"0th ultimo, from
Matamoras, and indirectly through Colonel Clark and Brevet Ma-
jor General Jesup, the 2d instant, while ascending the Rio Grande,
some fifty miles (by water) below Camargo.
Going up and returning, I was much delayed by the lowness of
the water and heavy gales, (northersj) which are again blowing
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 845
with such violence as to prevent all communication with vessels
lying off this place and the mouth of the Rio Grande. From thosfe
causes my despatches, which are to go by sea, have been accumu-
lating for many days. ]'lease read those which accompany this
letter. They contain everything of interest known to me respect-
ing the army and its prospects in this quarter, as I have no intel-
ligence from Major General Taylor later than his letter to me
dated the 26lh ultimo, and there has not been time to hear from
Major General Butler in reply to my letters to him of the 3d and
6th instant. I transmit copies of all those papers, except the let-
ter through Colonel Clarke and Brevet Major General Jessup,
which was mainly intended to say that the march and countermarch
of troops upon Saltillo, about the 17th ultimo, were caused by a
false alarm. There has been a subsequent one about the camp of
Brigadier General Wool, and others will probably occur at the ad-
vanced posts, notwithstanding the inactivity of the advanced corps
of the enemy at San Luis de Potosi. Such alarms are very pro-
voking, and frequently cause the interruption of the wisest con-
ceptions and plans.
I hope, in four or five days, to hear that Major General Butler
is rapidly despatching the troops I have called for from his imme-
diate command. No report from Major General Taylor can be ex-
pected in twice that time.
In a week I shall begin to expect the arrival, off this place, of
ships with troops and supplies, destined for the expedition against
Vera Cruz. After replenishing their w^ater tanks, if necessary,
from the Rio Grande, they will all be ordered to rendezvous behind
the Island of Lobos, should 1 not change that purpose on hearing
from Commodore Connor about that harbor. As yet I have not
had a word from him, nor from Captain Dimond, who came out
via the Havana.
I do not at present doubt my arrival off Vera Cruz, with a re-
spectable force, by the 15th, I hope, the 10th of next month. The
delay will be in getting down, and embarking in this vicinity, the
troops called for from Saltillo and Monterey, and perhaps in the
march from Victoria upon Tampico. I think four or five new regi-
ments of volunteers, to^g-ether with the ordnance and ordnance
stores, will be up with me before the end of this month. I shall
attempt the descent, &c., with even half the numbers I should m5/i
to give to any one of my juniors for the same service.
Should success crown our arms on the coast — and I will not an-
ticipate anything less — I beg to repeat that a reinforcement of ten
or twelve thousand regulars (new regiments and recruits for the
old) will be indispensable, (about April,) to enable me to make a
consecutive advance on the enemy's capital. I regret to perceive
by the newspapers that, as late as the 19th ultimo, no bill had
been reported in Congress to give such reinforcement. Authority
to raise the new regiments would not fill them or the old in time-
without a liberal land and money bounty to every recruit. A like
compensation in land should be pledged to the rank and file already
in service, on the condition of faithful conduct to the close of the
846 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
war. Wituout early legislation to that effect, I see no probability
of a peace until another Congress shall give the necessary means
to enable us to dictate one.
For my early operations on the coast, I find sufficient means of
land transportation may be spared from this region, and the quar-
termaster general has my contingent instructions to prepare the
large additions for my advance on the capital. He is now in New
Orleans to procure additional water craft (lighters) for this terrible
coast. Many of the old have been lost, and many more are likely
to be wrecked.
I have received from the department,, since my last acknowl-
edgment, nothing but a copy of your memorandum made fpr the
quartermaster general's office at Washington. A mail from New
Orleans is expected on the abatement of this raging norther, by the
steamer Massachusetts, on her way with supplies to Tampico. By
her I hope to hear that the volunteers, boats for debarkation, &c.,
&C.J are in a state of forwardness; also that, among the brevets
which the department considered as due, on account of the capture
of Monterey, those of Brevet Brigadier General Worth and Colo-
nel P. F. Smith, have been conferred. The early confirmation of
the whole number would have a fine effect on the corps, which
are soon to be led to more difficult assaults.
I have the honor to remain, with high respect, your obedient
servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
P. S. I find that I have omitted to acknowledge your communi-
cation of the 14th ultimo, received as I was in the act of leading
New Orleans.
I trust I may learn, in a few days, that a new assistant adjutan,t
general, with the rank of major, has been appointed, as I do not
expect to take one from either of the three major generals who are
in Mexico.
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War.
Head-quarters of the Army,
At Sea, December 26, 1846.
vSir: From New Orleans I had the honor to address a letter to
you, three days since, of which I shall send with this a duplicale,
via Tampico, by any safe opportunity that may offer at the Brazos.
In that letter, for. which I had no certain conveyance, I obscurely
alluded to the attack we are jointly to conduct against the city of
Vera Cruz, and through it, if successful, against the castle of
San Juan de Ulloa, The point of descent will not be determined
until I shall have looked at the coast, and had the benefit of'a full
conference with you; but I now suppose that the nearer to the city
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 847
we land will be the better. Your knowledge of the beach (its
shoals and surf) is, probably, already sufficiently minute. I, how-
ever, throw out the suggestion that you may, if necessary, make a
particular study of the subject before my arrival. Every transport
will bring open boats sufficient to land her troops, and there will
be others for the field guns needed at the first moment. Orders for
the construction of those boats, under the supervision of naval
officers, were given last month; but I may need important aid from
your squadron in this particular, as in very many others.
I still think it probable that I may give orders for the transports,
as they successively pass the Brazos, to rendezvous under the
island of Lobos; but will thank you for the earliest information
and advice on that measure. Perhaps you may deem it necessary
to send a vessel to make a cursory survey of the harbor. I have
done all in my power to favor the speculation that my purpose is
to attack San Luis de Potosi, from Tampico, after forming a junc-
tion with Major General Taylor, and it is important that this belief
should prevail up to my arrival off Vera Cruz.
I wish I could name a day, certain, for our meeting. The 1st
of February may be about the time; but, I fear, a little too early.
I shall certainly be infinitely chagrined if I am not in a condition
to attempt the descent, with your co-operation, before the 15th of
that month. Of the new volunteer regiments, I have no en-
couraging information as to time, and the troops in Mexico are now
much dispersed: some at Parras, at Saltillo, Monterey, Tampico,
or in march for the latter place and Victoria. More than the half
of the whole, old and new volunteers, as well as regulars, I now
suppose to be indispensable to the success of my expedition; and I
shall have to make the collection, in great part, from some of the
most distant points I have named. The ordnance and ordnance
stores, and other supplies, will, I think, be up in good time.
The water in the Rio Grande being low, it is now probable that,
to facilitate the correspondence with Major General Taylor and the
assemblage of the troops to be drawn from him, I shall not be able
to ascend that river higher than Matamoras; but I may find time,
possibly, to run down to Tampico in a steamer, even with the
chance of being obliged to return to the Brazos.
I have no recent official intelligence from the army, or the enemy,
in Mexico. Perhaps the rumored movement of our troops by land
from Monterey, or Victoria, and from the lower part of the Rio
Grande, on Tampico, may not delay, but rather quicken the new
expedition, as Tampico may be a better point of embarkation than
the Brazos. I have much to learn on these points after landing
(say) to-morrow.
If not otherwise advised by you in time, I shall order all the
transports, after passing Lobos, to rendezvous under the shelter of
the Sacrificios.
I have the honor to remain, with great respect, your most obe-
dient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Commodore D, Connor, U. S. Jfavy,
Commanding blockading squadron off Vera Cruz.
848 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
[Unofficial.]
Head-quarters at Montemorelos,
Kew Leon, December 26, 1846.
General: Your note of the 25th, from the city of New York,
was received on the 24th, on my route to this place. I avail my-
self of the departure of Colonel Croghan, for Monterey and Ca-
margo, to acknowledge its receipt, and say a few words about the
movements in this quarter.
You will, doubtless, have learned before this can reach you, that
I had advanced to this point on the 17th instant, on my way to
Victoria, when I was suddenly called back to Monterey by news
from the front. On ray way to Saltillo, I learned that the cause of
anxiety about the safety of that place had been removed by the
drawing in of Wool's column, and the arrival of reinforcements
from below; and after making all necessary arrangements for the
service in that quarter, L resumed my march with General Twiggs's
division on the 23d. To-day I halt here, and to-morrow move for-
ward to Victoria, where I shall effect a junction with Quitman's
brigade, and with General Patterson's command from Matamoras.
At Tula, say 100 miles from Victoria, in the direction of San
Luis, the enemy has a corps of observation, under Generals Va-
lencia and Urrea, which we learn has lately been reinforced. I
am, on this account, anxious to visit Victoria and examine the pass
which leads thence through the mountains.
When my presence shall be no longer required at Victoria, I
propose, unless otherwise instructed, to return to Monterey, which
may be early in February. At all times and places I shall be
happy to receive your orders, and to hold myself and troops at
your disposition.
I remain, general, with high respect, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Army, commanding.
Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott,
Commanding in chief U. S. Army. *
A true copy, received at Camargo, January 3d, 1847.
H. L. SCOTT,
A. D. C. and A. A. A. General.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Camargo, January 3, 1847.
Sir: I received here, soon, after my arrival to-day, your letter of
the 26th ultimo, acknowledging mine to you of November 25th.
I am sorry that mine of the 20th ultimo had not been received
by you, as it would, I think, have brought you back to Monterey.
As it is, I am much embarrassed by your great distance from me.
That circumstance, and extreme pressure of time, has thrown me
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 849
upon the necessity of giving direct instructions, of a very impor-
tant character, to your next in command. Please see herewith a
copy of my letter to Major General Butler, of this date. Should
you be back at Monterey in time, you will consider it addressed to
yourself. A part of it I beg you to carry into execution, at Vic-
toria, or wherever else you may be. I allude to the concentration,
at Tampico, of the troops which marched with Major General Pat-
terson from Matamoras, those under Brigadier General Quitman
from Monterey, as well as Brigadier General Twigg's brigade,
which marched with you — all, as I understand, upon Victoria.
Should you deem a garrison at the latter place indispensable, you
will please leave one, and also reserve a sufficient escort for your
return to Monterey, or other point, in this direction. I will, on
my arrival there, determine the strength of the garrison to be left
at Tampico; but shall be glad to receive your suggestions on this
point, as well as all others.
My letter to Major General Butler, herewith, is so full that I
have but little to add, even if time permitted. You will consider
yourself as continued in the command you have so long and so hon-
orably held. I shall not, beyond the necessities of the service, in-
terfere with you. Your reports will be addressed to me at the
Brazos or Tampico, until I shall be farther down the coast of
Mexico; I mean special, not ordinary reports. They will, when
necessary, be forwarded by me to Washington. After I may be
supposed south of Tampico, you will resume your general corres-
pondence with the adjutant general of the army at the seat of gov-
ernment, and report to me specially such matters as may be of
common interest to our two lines of operations, and I shall recipro-
cate. Or correspondence with each other ought, however, to be
full, and as rapid as circumstances may permit.
Should I succeed in taking Vera Cruz, and through it its castle,
the new line of operations upon the capitol of Mexico will be
opened. By that time, say towards April, we may both I hope be
sufficiently reinforced to advance, equally, and to meet somewhere
near that goal; which junction, I think, cannot fail to enable us
to dictate an armistice that will insure a satisfactory treaty of
peace.
While engaged in attacking the harbor of Vera Cruz, I regret
no less on your account than my own, that you will not be in
strength to manoeuvre offensively upon San Luis de Potosi, and
points beyond. It would greatly favor my enterprise, and your own
inclinations; but I cannot, on account of the near approach of the
vomito, -wAt for the new troops (regulars I hope) which Congress*
may give us. Hence, I am compelled, by diminishing your forces,
to reduce you for a time to the strict defensive, As I have here-
tofore said, you can afford, and the common service requires it.
If the troops arrive in time — and I will not anticipate a failure —
I shall leave the Brazos about the beginning of the next month,
and Tampico for Vera Cruz, some five days later. All the vessels
with troops ordnance and ordnance stores and other supplies, as
they arrive off or depart from the Brazos and Tampico, will be
54
850 Ex. Doc No. 60.
ordered to the general rendezvous behind the islands of Blanquilla
and Lobos, some fifty miles beyond Tampico — said to be an excel-
lent harbor. There I shall join them.
I believe ray arrangements of every sort to be complete; except
that everything depends on ray drawing from your coramand about
5,000 regulars, and thousand volunteers. With those forces,
and adding three or five regiments of new volunteers, (foot,) Pro-
vidence may defeat me, but I do not believe the Mexicans can.
With the greatest respect, I remain, truly yours,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Major General Z. Taylor,
U. S. Army, commanding^ Sfc, ^c, S^'c.
Official:
H. L. SCOTT, Aid-de-ca7nj), ^c.
Head-quarters, Matamoras,
> December 27, 1846.
Sir: I am informed, through a source entitled to consideration,
that a force of Mexican cavalry, about two thousand, headed ])y
General Urrea, has assembled at Lanares, and some two thousand
infantry, which is to be reinforced soon by a like number^ un(Jer
General Canalesio; that the design is to attack Matamoras within
six or fifteen days. The informant also states thatCanales is at De
Los Posos, (a rancho,) on the road from Monterey towards Rey-
nosa; about 25 or 30 leagues from the latter place, and that he
seen men going to join Canales. He declares, with apparent sin-
cerity, that he believes the other facts to be as true as if he had
been eye-witness of them himself.
It seems to me that no time ought to be lost in re-occupying
Reynosa, and reinforcing this position; especially if it be true, as
generally believed, that General Taylor has turned back, towards
Monterey and Saltillo, from his expedition to Victoria.
I shall transmit copies of this letter to General Scott, who is
understood to be at Brazos, and to General Taylor. ,
I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant,
N. S. CLARKE,
Colonel^ 6tk infantry^ commanding .
Major George A. McCall,
Assistant Adjutant General,
^ Head-quarters of Major General Patterson.
Ex. Doc No 60. 851
[Confidential.]
Head-quarters of the Army,
CamargOy Jaiiuary 3, 1847.
Sir: We are in sight of the above place, and I begin this com-
munication to save time.
Ascending the Rio Grande, I have learned that Major General
Taylor has, a second time, marched for Victoria from Monterey.
It is probable that he is now near that place.
The copy of my letter to him, of the 20th ultimo, herewith en-
closed, will explain to you my mission, and the necessity I am un-
der of giving to you, direct, the instructions you will find below.
That letter, I learn here, has been criminally delayed by the
officer to whom I entrusted it at New Orleans, and hence may not
reach its address this side of Victoria. A previous letter of mine,
to the same commander, dated November 25, a copy of which I
also enclose, has, as I have learned, had even a more tedious trans-
mission. After a detention of some days at New Orleans, it was
twelve more (on board a steamer) in getting to the Brazos, and only
passed Matamoras the 19th or 20th ultimo. Hence, I may find no
communication from Major General Taylor at Camargo, and hence,
probably, his present absence from Monterey.
I give these details as an indirect apology to him for my neces-
sary interference with his general command, which, otherwise,
would only be done through him. The apology will, on the first
occasion, be made to him direct.
To capture the city of Vera Cruz, and, through it, the castle of
San Juan de Ulloa, I deem it indispensable, in order to anticipate
the usual return of the black vomit, in March or April, that the
whole expedition that I am to conduct should be afloat off the
Brazos and off Tampico in the first week of the next month. Some
three or five of the new regiments of volunteers (not the Texaa
regiment of horse) will, probably, be up at the former point, in
time to be included; but my principal force must be drawn from
the troops now under Major Gerieral Taylor. Those already at
Tampico, and the greater part assembled at Victoria, may be em-
barked at Tampico, leaving a small garrison at Tampico and an es-
cort to Major General Taylor; and I shall send instructions for
the movement from Victoria upon Tampico. The remaining num-
bers, needed from the same command, will move to the mouth of
the Rio Grande, or Point Isabel, in order to embark off the Brazos.
Tampico I suppose to be the better point for embarkations; but the
Brazos may be the sooner reached, and time is an element in the
expedition, as important, perhaps, as the number of the troops to
be employed.
Of the number of troops at Tampico, and assembled at or in
march for Victoria — regulars and volunteers — I can form only a
very imperfect estimate, having seen no returns of a late date. My
information as to the forces at Saltillo, Monterey, &c.,&c,, is not
much better. I estimate, however, the whole force now under Ma-
jor General Taylor's orders to be e^bout 17,000; seven of regulars,
852 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
and ten of volunteers. Two thousand regulars, and five of volun-
teers, I suppose — the whole standing on the defensive — to be neces-
sary to hold Monterey, Seralvo, Caraargo, Reynosa, Matamoras,
Point Isabel, the Brazos, the mouth of the Rio Grande and Tam-
pico. I do not enumerate Saltillo and Victoria, because I suppose
they may be abandoned or held, without hurting or improving the
line of defence I have indicated. I wish to give no definite opin-
ion as to either, oi as to the other smaller points mentioned above;
but to leave them open to the consideration of Major General Tay-
lor, or, in the first instance (in his absence) to yourself, as you are,
no doubt, in possession of his more recent vieM^s.
[Here, (Camargo,) a little while after reaching the landing, I re-
ceived Major General Taylor's letter of the26th ult., acknowledging
mine of November 25. As he says he intends to proceed to Vic-
-toria — the point in the whole theatre of his operations the most
inaccessible to me, both from this place and Matamoras — I shall
proceed with my instructions to you, taking care to send him a
copy, with such additions as I may deem necessary.]
You will, therefore, without waiting to hear from Major General
Taylor, and without the least unnecessary delay — in order that
they may be in time, as above — put in movement, for the mouth of
the Rio Grande, the following troops:
About five hundred regular cavalry, of the 1st and 2d regiments
of dragoons, including Lieutenant Kearny's troop;
About five hundred volunteer cavalry; I rely upon you to select
the best;
Two field batteries of regular light artillery, (say) Duncan's and
Taylor's; and
Four thousand regulars, on foot, including artillery, acting as
infantry; the whole under Brevet Brigadier General Worth; about
this time, no doubt, a major general by brevet, and assigned to
duty according to the latter rank.
In addition, put in movement for the same point of embarkation,
(the Brazos,) and to be there, as above, 4,000 volunteer infantry.
Deduct from the above numbers, of regulars and volunteers, as
follows:
The troops at Victoria and at Tampico, less the garrison (say
500) for the latter place, and the escort that Major General Taylor
may need back to Monterey; and
Also, one of the volunteer regiments at Matamoras, I having or-
dered Colonel Curtis's regiment to remain there, notwithstanding
the arrival of Colonel Drake's to relieve him. Make no other de-
ductions, unless pressed by the immediate presence of the enemy
in great force.
Some of those deductions I am myself unable to make, from the
want of returns and other information alluded to above.
Of the volunteers. Major General Patterson, Brigadier Generals
Pillow and Quitman are at, or in march for, Victoria, which I sup-
pose to be within easy reach of Tampico, in time for my expedition;
and Brigadier General Shields is at the latter place. The President
of the United States may appoint other general officers to the new
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 853
regiments of volunteers, many of which regiments, I hope, will be
up in time. In the latter case, I may take four or five, and leave
the remainder to join Major General Taylor. Should another major
general of volunteers be required, I shall be most happy to avail
myself of your services with me, if Major General Taylor can
spare you, and he be back at Monterey in timej and, perhaps, if no
new appointments to the rank be made, I may require another vol-
unteer brigadier general from your present immediate command.
I hope t^o learn, promptly, at the Brazos, whither I shall imme-
diately go, (stopping one day, perhaps, at Matamoras,) that the
above instructions are in a train of rapid execution. The troops
should all move with light trains, as they will move upon ample
supplies. I shall, in the first instance, take from Major General
Taylor's theatre of operations but a small part of his means of
land transportation.
Relying upon your known energy and good faith, I remain, sir,
with higrh respect, your most obedient servant,
"" ^ ' -^ WINFIELD SCOTT.
P. S. I expect to be, personally, at Tampico, to superintend that
part of my expedition that is to embark there, towards the end of
this month.
The whole of the eight regiments of new foot volunteers will be
up with the Brazos, I hope, by that time. Major General Taylor
may rely upon three, if not four of them, for his immediate com-
mand, and make your calculations for him, now, accordingly.
I have supposed, above, that Brigadier General Wool, and Bre-
vet Brigadier General Worth, with their troops, to be under your
immediate orders. If not already so, you will assume command
over them, in order to carry out the above instructions.
' W. S.
To Major General W. O. Butler,
U. S. Vols., commanding, Monterey.
Official:
H. L. SCOTT, Aid-de-cainp, ^c.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Mouth of the Rio Grande, January 8, 1847.
Sir: I returned here to-day, and shall remain in this neighbor-
hood, perhaps, till towards the end of this month, when I hope to
be ready to proceed to Tampico and further south. Even after my
departure in that direction, it will be best, probably, that letters
from Monterey and its vicinity should follow me via the Brazos
and the ocean; that is, when no safe opportunity presents itself to
write via Tampico.
I addressed a second letter to you from Matamoras, of which a
duplicate will go with this, and one of the letters despatched to
Major General Taylor, direct, of the same date— January, 1847. .
854 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
I said nothing, in either letter, of quartermasters to accompany
the troops I have called for from Major General Taylor's command.
A due proportion, no doubt, will be detached with those troops;
and, should Colonel Whiting and Captain Sibley be of the number,
I shall be gratified, although I do not wish to ask, specifically,
for the chief of any branch of the general staff now on duty under
the orders of Major General Taylor. In this remark I include
Colonel Churchill, inspector general. Colonel Croghan descended
this river with me, on his way to muster into service the new
Texan regiment of horse. I shall not interfere with the orders that
he has received, and which, I suppose, will take him back, ulti-
mately, to Major General Taylor's head-quarters.
If the troops that may be detached in this direction are not rapid
in their movements, they may not find the Rio Grande navigable
above Reynosa, and should be'directed accordingly. I shall hold
the five companies of rifles here, under the temporary command of
Major Sumner, 2d dragoons, until I can learn what number of reg-
ulars I may expect from Major General Taylor's command, here
and at Tampico. My present expectation is, not to take those
companies with me, but order them up to join that general officer.
Major Burbridge was left sick at New Orleans. He may soon be
expected at the Brazos with two other companies of the same re-
giment. Captain RufF is recruiting the 10th company at Mobile.
I will add that Major Sumner is intended, by me, as the com-
mander of the five hundred regular cavalry mentioned in my letter
to you from Carmargo. This intention I failed to give in either of
my previous letters to Major General Taylor or yourself. Please,
if practicable, communicate it to him, to whom this letter will be
considered as addressed, if he (Major General Taylor) should have
returned to Monterey, or within a short distance of that place.
Otherwise, to save time, as I have heretofore said, you will carry
out my wishes without reference to him.
I remain, sir, with high respect, your most obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Major General W. O. Butler,
U. S. Volunteers, commanding.
P. S. It is time that I should give advice that a spy, employed
by my agency, may be expected at Monterey, between the 15th
and 20th instant, with military intelligence from the capital of
Mexico, and other important points occupied by the enemy. In-
terrogate him fully, and give him safe despatch to me, if possible,
before I leave this neighborhood. He is to receive his compensa-
tion from me. I cannot yet give his name, but I desired that,
though probably a foreigner, he might, on presenting himself at
Monterey, give Thomas Williams as a concerted pass word.
The detachment of recruits (338) under Lieutenant Gore, that ar-
rived here a few days ago, ^^ill be detained till I know what regi-
ments of regulars will be detached for my expedition.
W. S.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 855
[Confidential.]
Head-quarters ok the Army,
Brazos, San lago, January 12, 1847.
Sir- In reference lo my instructions to you, dated at New Orleans
the 2.3d ultimo, and at this place five days later, I have now to state
that it is probable the troops I have called for from Major Genera
Taylor's immediate command, to embark here and at Tampico, will
not reach those points till late in the present month-say about the
25th Hence, I shall not regret if the ships with troops, ordnance,
and 'other supplies, coming from the Mississippi and other more
distant ports for m; expedition, should be equally late in arriving
off this bar. Please give instructions to all that may come within
the sphere of your command accordingly— remembering that seve-
ral ot- those vessels from the Atlantic ports may rendezvous, in the
first instance, at Pensacola. A/r;^,;^
Regiments of volunteers which have to pass out of the Missis-
sippi, and out of the harbors of Mobile and Pensacola, will be too
]a?e for my expedition if they arrive off this place after (say) the
10th of the next month. I shall, probably, give orders for the
landing of such regiments here, and for their joining Major Cxeneral
Y wish you to take particular care in causing all the ships which
are to ioin or follow me to be provided with necessary fuel and
water for sixty days, and if practicable, ninety aays. -^ he water
of the Pvio Grande is not good for drinking, and there would be
great difficulty in obtaining it. Spare casks of Mississippi water
^n board ships, without troops, may be easily shifted to the trans-
ports with men and horses. , , , .. . t««^
I expect to leave this place to superintend embarkations at iam-
pico towards the end of this month. Till about that time I wish
all the vessels of my expedition to call off this place, if practica-
ble, for orders, and, if I am not here, to call off Tampico for the
same purpose. But I do not expect to be at the atter place later
than the 7th of next month. Three days later, I hope to be at the
general rendezvous, behind the island of Lobos, with the whole, or
at least the greater part of the fleet of my expedition ^ome ot
the later vessels may find me there, and if not, join me behind the
island of Sacrificios, near Vera Cruz. Assuming those dates, until
you hear further from me, give instructions to all ships, m^A troops,
accordingly. Some vessels, with ordnance and ordnance stores,
may be much later. These, and all freighted with ordinary sup-
plies, as subsistence, forage, &c., &c., must follow me, and, after
I may be supposed to have reached the Sacrificios, without calling
off the Brazos or Tampico. Concert these matters well with the
quarte-rmaster and commissary departments. Many pieces of ord-
nance and quantities of oi;dnance stores maybe expected to pass
by New Orleans for my expedition. Get information of all those
matters;' see that nothing essential is delayed, and keep me well
advised of every thing. , .. , ^-^ _
I have not yet heard from you, and have no late mail from New
856 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Orleans. We are now, I hope, near the end of the third heavy
norther we have had within a week. Probably the Massachusetts
may bring us a mail to-morrow.
Communicate freely, but confidentially, with the quartermaster
general, the chief of the corps of engineers, and the surgeon gene-
ral, if they are in New Orleans, and always with the principal
quartermaster and commissary stationed there; and I again insist
upon your writing to me, officially, at least once a week.
With great reflspect, I remain yours, truly,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Brevet Brigadier General Brooke,
Commanding Western Division^ ^c, S^c.
No. 6.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Brazos, San lago, January 24, 1847.
Sir: I enclose, herewith, copies of the following papers: 1. Let-
ters (two) from Major General Taylor to me and to my aid-de-
camp, both dated the 15th instant; 2. A letter from Major General
Butler to me, dated the 9th; and 3. A letter from Brevet Briga-
dier General Worth to me of the last date.
It will be seen that Major General Butler responded to my call
upon him for troops with the utmost promptitude, and Brevet
Brigadier General Worth has made an admirable movement. The
head of his division arrived with him, at the mouth of the Rio
Grande, the day before yesterday.
Embarkations shall commence the moment that the extra water
casks, from New Orleans, arrive and can be filled.
The Pennsylvania and Louisiana regiments of new volunteers
were embarked at New Orleans about the 16th instant. A detach-
ment of the former arrived ofi' this bar the day before yesterday.
I have not heard a word of the ordnance and ordnance stores, and
other siege materials, since I left Washington. I trust that most
of them are near at hand.
There has been no mail from New Orleans in eleven days. The
steamer Alabama has been hourly expected for some time.
There is an allusion to "a general officer," in Brevet Brigadier
General Worth's letter to me, of a very grave character. That
officer is Brigadier General Marshall, of the United States volun-
teers. In passing by his head-quarters, (Monterey,) Brevet Briga-
dier General Worth made some hasty inquiries into the conduct he
had reported to me, and obtained from Captain Lincoln, assistant
adjutant general, the duplicate of a semi-official report, on the
same subject, made by the latter to Major General Taylor's head-
quarters a few days before. I enclose, herewith, a copy of that
report, dated the 6th instant.
The despatches opened at Monterey by Brigadier General Mar-
shall, and read and publicly discussed by him with many officers,
and perhaps others, were my official letters to Major Generals Tay-
lor and Butler, from Camargo, dated the 3d instant, (copies of
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 857
which I have heretofore sent to the department,) together with a
private note from me to the latter general. The official letter to
the same was marked "confidential," conspicuously, at the head.
The papers, taken together, disclosed, very fully, the plans and in-
tentions of the government, with the execution of which I am
charged. They, almost at once, became generally known at Mon-
terey, and, it was not doubted there, were rapidly sent off, by Mexi-
cans, to Santa Anna at San Luis de Potosi.
This gross misconduct on the part of Brigadier General Marshall
not having been presented to me in the technical form of charges
and specijicaiions, I am obliged to become his official accuser, and,
consequently, under the new and strange provision of the act, May
29, 1830, section 1, I have no power to order a general court-mar-
tial for his trial. I therefore lay the case, through the department,
before the President of the United States.
I have the honor to remain, sir, with high respect, your most
obedient servant.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
P. S. — I hope, by the end of this month, that necessaries and
preparations for embarkations here may be such as to allow me to
proceed, with a detachment of troops, in the steamer Massachusetts,
to superintend like operations at Tampico, should Colonel Totten,
chief engineer, and Captain Huger, acting chief of ordnance, ar-
rive as early. I expect by the two, information by which to regu-
late the movement of my expedition.
W. S.
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War.
Monterey, Mexico, January 6, 1847.
Dear Major: Lieutenant Anderson, of the dragoons, arrived this
evenihg, a bearer of important and private despatches from General
Scott to Generals Taylor and Butler, those for General Taylor to
be delivered to the commanding officer here, for speedy trans-
mission.
Upon Anderson's arrival, he inquired of the orderly, or sentinel,
before Colonel Garland's quarters, "for the commanding officer;"
was told that he was "within;" that Colonel Garland commanded
the fort, &c. He asked for General Marshall, and was told that
he was not here, &c.; whereupon Anderson entered the house and
delivered the despatches (saying "they were Important and pri-
vate") to Colonel Garland, who received them, saying "that he
was not in command now; that General Marshall was; but, that he
would take thera> to the general, who would probably open them,"
&c., &c.
The colonel left Anderson for the general's head-quarters, taking
the despatches with him. After reflecting awhile, Anderson, be-
coming anxious to learn whether the despatches were delivered to
858 ' Ex. Doc. No. 60.
the commanding officer, or not, called upon General Marshall,
and inquired if "he had, that evening, received from Colonel Gar-
land, certain despatches for General Taylorj" to which the general
replied that he had; at the same time observing, "we opened them,"
&c.
It appears that the despatches w^ere opened by General Marshall;
were read and canvassed by himself and Colonel Garland; that
General M. afterwards spoke of the contents to Lieutenants Smith
and Anderson, observing "that they were very important, private,"
&c.; "that troops were to be moved, certain strong places made
weak," &c., &c.
I teel it my duty to mention this extraordinary course of the
general, (it having been brought to my notice,) that you may know,
if the contents are not designed to be made public, from whence
the information comes; and further, if blame attaches to the act,
it may be placed in the right quarter.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEORGE LINCOLN,
Assistant Jidjutant General.
Major W. W. S. Bliss,
Assistant Adjutant General.^ Victoria.
A true copy.
H. L. SCOTT,
A. A. A. General.
Head-quarters Army, Ja^iuary 24, 1847.
Head-quarters, Saltillo, January 9, 1847.
General: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt, yester-
day, about 4 o'clock, p. m., of your special communication of the
3d instant, by the hands of Lieutenant Anderson, 2d dragoons.
Instructions were immediately issued for the movement of all
the regular troops in and near this place, of the commands of Brig-
adier Generals Wool and Worth, except two companies 1st drag-
oons and Captain Washington's light batteries, with General Wool
and Captain Webster's company, with two 24-pound howitzers in
Saltillo. In addition, General Worth was authorised to attach to
his command the 4th infantry, at Monterey, and Thornton's and
Hunter's companies, at Camargo.
The troops, together with those under General Taylor's imme-
diate command, after deducting the escort for himself, and a gar-
rison at Tampico, will fully comply wi^h your requisition for regu-
lars, whilst the division of Major General Patterson will, it is be-
lieved, supply the number of volunteers, both horse and foot. I should
state,, also, that Blanchard's company of Louisiana volunteers, act-
ing with the .5th infantry, and a company of Kentucky foot, with
the 6th infantry, march with General Worth. If a further number
be necessary, which it is believed will not, either the regiment of
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 859
Colonel Curtis or Colonel Drake, at Caraargo, could receive your
orders in time for the movement by water.
It is known that General Patterson's division consists of one re-
giment of horse and seven of foot, which cannot number less than
five hundred each, and the Baltimore battalion (three hundred and
fifty) of foot. If the particular troops designated be deemed suf-
ficient without taking an Indiana or Ohio regiment, General Pat-
terson's division and my own would be kept entire, which is
extremely desirable.
In regard to the selection of the volunteer horse, it is understood
that there is no difference between the Tennessee and Kentucky
regiments, whilst the former is nearest the point of embarkation.
The Arkansas horse I have not regarded, as the main body is at
Patos, forty miles, and of this a portion is yet on the line by
Monclova.
According to your request I have relieved Lieutenant Lay, 6th
infantry, from duty at my head-quarters, with orders to report to
you in person; and your wishes with regard to Captain De Hart
will be carried out the moment it is ascertained that he has been
appointed an assistant adjutant general.
The package for Major General Taylor was last night sent by
express to him at Victoria.
I respectfully enclose herewith copies of orders No. 23 and 24.*
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. O. BUTLER,
Major General United States Army.
Major General Winfield Scott,
Commanding United States Army.
[Orders, No. 23.] Head-quarters, Saltillo,
January 8, 1847.
1. The 2d division will immediately proceed to the mouth of the
Rio Grande, where Brigadier General Worth, its commander, will
report to Major General Scott.
The following additional troops are assigned temporarily to
Brigadier General Worth's command, and will receive his orders,
viz:
Five companies 2d dragoons, under Colonel Harney, at Agua
Nueva.
Captains Thornton's and Hunter's companies 2d dragoons, at
Camargo.
Fourth infantry, under Colonel Whistler, at Monterey.
Three companies 6th infantry, under Major Bonneville, at
Incantada. »
^ * Orders No. 24 directs Lieutenants Lay to report to Major General Scott. It is not en-
closed. See, however, order No. 23. herewith.
H. L. SCOTT, Jl. A. A. General.
860 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
2. Major C. Thomas, quartermaster, Captain G. W. Hughes,
topogrjiphical engineer, will report to Brigadier General Worth.
By order of Major General Butler:
L. THOMAS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Major General Scott. , ,
HtAD-QUARTERS, 2d DiVISION,
Saltilloj January 9, 1847.
General: Major General Butler received your despatches at 3,
p. m., on yesterday. Having his verbal authority in the premises,
my troops are in motion, and ordered to move as follovsrs: artillery
battalion, Duncan's horse battery, moved at day-light this morningj
5th, at 12 m., with Taylor's battery; the 8th to-morrow morning;
6th, three companies, is now entering the town, and will move this
evening. Five companies of cavalry, under Colonel Harney, ex-
pected this evening, being twenty miles in advance, will move to-
morrow morning. I calculate the marches as follows; three or
three and a half days to Monterey, seven to Camargo, five to Mata-
moras; all instructed, on reaching Camargo, to place invalids and
superfluous baggage on steamers and continue the land route, if, as
I suppose, there be a deficiency of steamers and water.
The corps are moved in echellon for despatch and convenience.
Herewith is an informal statement of the command I shall bring.
With Twiggs's you will receive: 3d, about 350, four companies; 1st,
about 180; one squadron cavalry, (May^about 90, all told. I urged
General Butler to let me take a fine battalion of Kentucky horse,
well oflficered and commanded, but he declined, saying you would
[have] 500 Tennesseans. As regards volunteers, I can give you no
information; all, except the general, (Taylor,) are in total dark-
ness as to their numbers or whereabouts, except Wool's command,
ten miles in advance.
I am told that at Monterey your despatches were opened by a
general officer, not him to whom they were directed, and read
aloud to many persons! I shall inquire, and if I find such to be
the fact, make you a formal report thereof.
I delay to see my last battalion in motion, shall then proceed to,
and pass the leading division, to make necessary arrangements at
Camargo.
Rely upon it, my whole soul and that of my entire (original) di-
vision at least, will be thrown into the coming service.
Very respectfully, general,
W. J. WORTH,
Brigadier General.
Major General Scott,
Commanding in- chief, 4rc., 6fc., head- quarters.
P. S. General B. has detained two companies 1st dragoons,
W. J. W.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 861
Report of the strength of the several corps of the 2d division.
Corps.
Co. F, 1st dragoons ....
Lt. c. A, 2d artillery . . .
Lt. c. K, 1st artillery . . .
Lt. c. C, 1st artillery. ..
Artillery battalion
8th infantry
5th infantry
Louisiana volunteers . . . .
6th infantry
4th infantry
5th comp'y, 2d dragoons
2d comp'y, 2d dragoons.
Total
Command,
officers.
5
5
3
24
19
23
3
9
18
4
114
Non com.
officers.
84
61
83
36
442
408
397
73
196
300
312
160
2,552
Remarks.
Supposed to be about 300.
Col. Harney's command.
Cap's Thornton& Hunter.
This report is, in respect to some corps, approximative, but does
not probably vary a dozen men.
W. J. WORTH,
Brigadier General.
J. C. Pemberton,
1st Lieut, and Ji. D. C.
True copy.
T. WILLIAMS, Jl. D. C.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Victoria, Mexico, January 15, 1847.
Sir: The communication of Major General Scott of the 6th in-
stant, accompanied by copies of his letters of the 3d to Major Gen-
eral Butler and myself, was received yesterday. The original of
his letter of the 3d has not yet reached me, nor have I any dates
from Major General Butler later than December 28th. The com-
munication of December 20th has never been received,
I effected a junction with Major General Patterson at this place
on the 4th instant, and have since been awaiting advices from
Major General Scott, not doubting that I should hear from him on
his first arrival at Matamoras, or, perhaps, from Tampico, whither
a confidential messenger was despatched on the 6th. But, owing
to the state of supplies, it became necessary to move the command,
and a movement was accordingly ordered in the direction of Tarn-
S62 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
pico. The regular troops, under Brigadier General Twiggs, marched
yesterday. The brigades of Major General Patterson's division
march to-day and to-morrow. This force will reach Tampico by
the 25th instant, or soon after.
The enclosed return* will exhibit the entire force now in route,
or about marching on Tampico, from this point. I have retained
Lieutenant Colonel May's squadron as part of my escort to Mon-
terey, and also the Mississippi regiment, partly as escort to head-
quarters, and partly to guard a train of supplies just arrived from
Matamoras, and which I deem it unnecessary to send forward to
Tampico. No troops will be left in garrison here.
As I presume that General Butler, under his instructions, has
ordered the batteries of General Worth's command to march with
it to the mouth of the river, and as I infer from those same instruc-
tions, that not more than two batteries are required by Major Gen-
eral Seott, I have directed the return to Monterey of Captains
Bragg's and Sherman's. If I have mistaken his wishes in this
matter, I beg to be advised without delay, as the batteries may
still join him in time.
To the troops, regular and volunteer, marching hence on Tam-
pico, may be added, perhaps, 300 artillery of Colonel Gates's bat-
talion, and the Alabama regiment, about 500 strong. The Ten-
nessee horse will more than fill General Scott's requisition for vol-
unteer cavalry.
Not knowing the action taken by Major General Butler, under
the instructions of the general-in-chief, I cannot now write more
fully. On reaching Monterey, I may be able to give my views in
regard to the wants of the service on the defensive line which it is
proposed to hold.
I respectfully enclose a return of the regular troops of the army
of occupation for November. Since i^s date, some 600 recruits
have joined, exclusive of such newly organized companies (rifles
or other corps) as may have recently arrived.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major Gen. U. S. A., commanding.
Lieut. H. L. Scott, A. D. C, or chief of the staffs
Major General Scotfs head-quarters, Brazos island.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Victoria, Mexico, January 15, 1847.
Sir: In a communication addressed this day to your staff-
officer, I have replied to so much of your letter of the 6th instant,
and its enclosures, as relates to points of detail; but there are other
* The return transmitted by Major General Taylor exhibits the following force en rouU
to Tampico: Regulars — '28 companies, with 72 commissioned officers, and 1,393 non-com-
missioned and privates. Volunteers — 63 companies, with 244 officers, and 3,024 non-com-
raissioned and privates; makini? a grand aggre<»ate of 4,733.
H. L, SCOTT, A. A. A. General.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 863
and grave topics embraced in those communications, to which I
deem it ray right and my duty to reply direct.
The amount of force to be drawn from this frontier, and the
manner in which it is proposed to withdraw it, had never fully
come to my knowledge until yesterday, though hinted at in your
note of November 25. Had you, general, relieved me at once in
the whole command, and assigned me to duty under your order, or
allowed me to retire from the field, be assured that no complaint
would have been heard from me; but while almost every man of
my regular force and half the volunteers, (now in respectable dis-
cipline) are withdrawn for distant service, it seems that I am ex-
pected, with less than a thousand regulars and a volunteer force,
partly of new levies, to hold a defensive line, while a large army
of more than twenty thousand men is in my front.
I speak only of a defensive line; for the idea of assuming offen-
sive operations in the direction of San Luis by March, or even
May, with such troops as can then be at my disposition, is quite
too preposterous to be entertained for a moment. After all that I
have written to the department, on the subject of such operations,
I find it difficult to believe that I am seriously expected to under-
take them, with the extraordinarily limited means at my disposal.
I cannot misunderstand the object of the arrangements indicated
in your letters. I feel that I have lost the confidence of the gov-
ernment, or it would not have suffered me to remain, up to this
time, ignorant of its intentions, with so vitally affecting inter-
ests committed to my charge. But, however much I may feel per-
sonally mortified and outraged by the course pursued, unprecedented,
at least, in our own history, I will carry out in good faith, while I
remain in Mexico, the views of the government, though I may be
sacrificed in the effort.
I deeply regret to find in your letters, of January 3d, to Major
General Eutler and myself, an allusion to my position here, which
I can but consider an insinuation that I have put myself, willingly,
out ef the reach of your communications. I beg leave to remark,
that the movement of the troops in this direction, and my own
march hither, were undertaken for public reasons, freely set forth
in my reports to the adjutant general, one of them being my de-
sire to place in position for embarkation to Vera Cr.uz, should the
government order an expedition to that point, the force (two thou-
sand regulars and two thousand volunteers) which I reported might
be spared for that service.
I have the honor to be, general, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major Gen. United States Army^ commanding.
Major Gen. Winfield Scott,
Commanding United States Army, Brazos Island, Texas.
864 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Brazos San lago, January 26, 1847.
Sir: I have received your two letters of the 15th instant. There
are some expressions in those letters, which, as I wish to forget
them, I shall not specify or recal.
You intimate a preference for service in my particular expedi-
tion, to remaining in your present position with greatly reduced
numbers. I can most truly respond, that to take you with me, as
second in command, would contribute greatly to my personal de-
light, and, I confidently believe, to the success of that expedition.
But I could not propose it to you for two reasons, either of which
was conclusive with me at the moment: 1st, I thought you would
be left in a higher and more responsible position where you are;
and 2d, 1 knew that it was not contemplated by the government to
supersede you in, or to take you from that immediate command.
If I had been within easy reach of you, at the tinae I called for
troops from your line of operations, I should, as I had previously
assured you, have consulted you fully on all points, and, probably,
might have modified my call, both as to the number and description
of the forces to be taken from, or to be left with you. As it was,
I had to act promptly, and, to a considerable extent, in the dark.
All this, I think, will be apparent to you when you shall review
my letters.
I hope I have left, or shall leave you, including the n.ew volunteers
v;ho will soon be up, a competent force to defend the head of your
line (Monterey) and its communications, with the depots in the
neio'hborhood. To enable you to do this more certainly, I must
ask you to abandon Saltillo, and to make no detachments, except
for reconnoissances and immediate defence, much beyond Monterey.
I know this to be the wish of the government, founded on reasons
in which I concur; among them, that the enemy intends to operate
against small detachments and posts.
I fear that I may be delayed here, or at Tampico, in embarking
troops, till, perhaps, the 10th of the next month, and again, a few
days more, at the general rendezvous behind the island of Lobos,
waiting for some of the volunteer regiments for debarkation, ord-
nance, and ordnance stores.
Finding that Colonel Smith, with two companies of his rifle regi-
ment, are at Tampico, or in its neighborhood, I shall take with
me his seven companies, now near the mouth of the Rio Grande,
and, perhaps. Colonel Curtis's regiment of Ohio volunteers, detained
at Matamoros. My uncertainty in respect to the latter, refers to
the number of new regiments of volunteers that may arrive in time,
off this bar, for my expedition. I shall not take with me Captain
Hunter's company of the 2d dragoons, as it is dismounted. There
will, however, be horses for it here, in perhaps a week. I shall
leave instructions for him, when mounted, to ascend the river to
Camargo, to meet your orders. No guard will be left by me at the
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 865
mouth of the Rio Grande. I give you this information that you
may place a detachment there at your own discretion.
I remain, sir, with great respect, your most obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
• Major Gen. Zaciiary Taylor,
Commanding^ ^c, ^"c, Monterey.
P. S. — I beg you to make my official acknowledgments to Major
General Butler, for the promptitude and zeal displayed by him in
your temporary absence, in detaching the troops I called for in my
despatch to him of the 3d instant. The greater part, if not the
'whole, of these troops are now below Matamoras.
W. S.
No. 8.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Brazos San lago, January 26, 1847.
Sir: The arrival, day before yesterday, of the steamer Alabamaj
from New Orleans, brought me a large mail. Among the letters.
I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of yours, dated 4th
instant.
In respect to Saltillo, &c., you will find by a copy of ray letter
of this date, herewith, to Major General Taylor, that I have com-
plied with your suggestion, in which I concur.
The quartermaster general, (brevet Major General Jesup,) at
New Orleans, has, I find, taken all proper measures, with judg-
ment and promptitude, to provide everything depending on his de-
partment for the despatch and success of my expedition. Trans-
ports, casks filled with water, &c., &c., &c, are, accordingly, ex-
pected to arrive here and off Tampico' before the 7th of the next
month. The embarkation of Brevet Brigadier General Worth's
division I hope to commence at the mouth of the Rio Grande and
at this place within three or four days.
Colonel Totten, chief of the corps of engineers, came out in the
Alabama. He informs me that it is probable a sufficient quantity
of ordnance and ordnance stores, together with the boats for de-
barkation, will be up with me, at the island of Lobos, by the 10th
of the next month. I regret that Lieutenant Totten, of the navy,
who was of so much service to me at Washington in planning and
sketching those boats, is not likely to be detached by his depart-
ment for service with the expedition.
From the appearance in the offing, I expect to hear before night
of the arrival of new ships, with Pennsylvania and Louisiana vol-
unteers.
I have not yet received a word from Commodore Connor.
In a few days I intend to request the United States ship, the
St. Mary's, olf this bar, to run down to the island Lobos to give
information, aid, and protection to transports, &c., which may
assemble there; dropping despatches from me at Tampico on the
65
866 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
way. I shall follow, a little later, in the steamer Massachusetts.
I hope the ship of the line the Ohio may be off Vera Cruz in time
for the joint attack on the castle.
It is, I think, very doubtful whether the new regiments the
House of Representatives has authorized to be added to the army
can be filled in time, with the money bounty, without the grant of
land. The last section of the bill, as passed by that House, di-
recting that the "said officers" shall be immediately discharged on
the close of the war, may prevent mai^ efficient captains and
lieutenants of the present regiments from desiring transfers, with
promotion, into the new regiments, because the contingency may
happen in the recess of Congress, when the Executive would have
no power to retain them, by selection, as part of the new peace
establishment.
I have the honor to remain, sir, with high respect, your most
obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War.
No. 8.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Brazos San lago, January 28, 1847.
Sir: I beg your attention to the accompanying papers, (num-
bered 1 to 6,) touching the conduct of Colonel Harney, United
States 2d dragoons, who is evidently seeking an issue with me to
be tried by the President, and in succession, by Congress and the
public.
In the conduct of the important expedition with which I am
charged, I think myself reasonably entitled to the selection, from
the mass of the officers under my command, of the chiefs of the
staff, of the dragoons and artillery, and to send away, on any proper
military duty, any senior officer of either branch of service, (I
speak only of the regular army,) whose presence might interfere
with such selection. Such right of selection has always been ex-
ercised by commanding generals in the field, who are, in their com-
missions, their lives and fame, eminently responsible for the results
of their expeditions or campaigns. All junior officers are, gtt least,
in the first instance, only responsible to their commanders in the
field.
In my opinion, and on the high responsibility to which I have
alluded, Major Sumner, of the 2d dragoons, is a much safer and
more efficient commander of the cavalry in question (companies of
the 1st and 2d dragoons) than Colonel Harney, of the 2d of those
regiments. That particular command is entirely too important to
the success of my expedition to allow me to leave anything to
hazard which it is in my power to control in advance.
I have the honor to be, sir, with high respect, your obedient
servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. . 867
p. S. — It may be proper to add that I knew nothing of, and had,
consequently, nothing to do with, the arrest of Colonel Harney until
I received the charge and specifications; although I saw a paper
of instructions the day before, from Brevet Brigadier General Worth
to an officer directing the arrest of Colonel Harney, if the latter
had, as had been rumored, resumed the command of the regular
dragoons in question. I am, therefore, in no respect, "the accuser
or prosecutor" of Colonel Harney in this instance. See sec. 1, act
May 29, 1830. Brevet Brigadier General Worth, Colonel Harney
and myself, are many miles apart from each other.
p,„^, ;r^pS|f w. s.
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War.
[ 1. J Head-quarters of the Army,
Brazos Santiago., January 22, 1847.
Sir: Major General Scott desires me to say, that upon the re-
ceipt of this communication, you will turn over your command to
the next senior officer, and proceed yourself, personally, to Major
General Taylor's head-quarters, to whom you will report for duty
with the dragoons that remain under his command.
I am, very respectfully, «Scc., &c.,
. H. L. SCOTT,
A. A. A. General.
Colonel W. S. Harney,
2d Dragoons^ 8fc., Matamoras.
[ 2. ] Head-quarters, 2d Dragoons,
MatamoraSj Mexico, January 23, 1847.
Sir: Your letter of the 22d instant, directing me to turn over
ray command and to report, personally, to the head-quarters of Ma-
jor General Taylor for duty, with the companies of my regiment
there, has just been received.
I cannot disguise my surprise at the unexpected nature of this
order, and my extreme regret that it should have been given just at
the moment when my feelings were deeply enlisted in the success
of an enterprise, in which 1 had fully hoped to share the dangers
and privations of ray regiment. It was my ill fortune to be sepa-
rated from that portion of the regiment which participated in the
recent actions with the enemy, and I looked forward with much
pleasure and great pride to the time when I should see active ser-
vice under the orders of Major General Scott. I shall not speak of
the injustice which I consider to be done in separating me from
seven companies of my regiment, and ordering me on duty with the
remaining two. The bare mention of the fact is the only allusion
which I design to make on the present occasion, but it is proper to
mention that those two companies, by a letter which I receiyed
868 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
yesterday from General Worth, are expected here in seven or ten
days, and that I was instructed to unite them with that portion of
the regiment now here.
This fact, I must believe, escaped the attention of the command-
ing general, when your letter was written, and I now hope that
he will take it into full consideration, and reverse the painful
order which I have just received.
If other motives, to which I dare not allude, influenced General
Scott in this decision, I have but to remark that it is natural that
he should select those officers from whom he might expect a hearty
cooperation; but that, to accomplish this, I do not believe he would
do an act of injustice; and if my recent conduct can be taken as an
earnest of my endeavors to further his views to the fullest extent,
that I can appeal to it with the greatest confidence.
I have turned over my command, and should it not be deemed
expedient to change the order under consideration, I have to request
that I may be informed at what point I may find the head-quarters
of Major General Taylor.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. S. HARNEY,
Colonel 2d Dragoons.
Lieutenant H. L. Scott,
Ji. A. A. G., Head-quarters of the Army.
[ 3. j Head-quarters of the Army,
Brazos Santiago^ January 24, 1847.
Sir: Your communication of the 23d instant, relative to your
command, was this morning received, through Brevet Brigadier
General Worth, and I am directed by Major General Scott to reply
as follows:
When he made his arrangements, which now cannot be changed,
to give Major Sumner the command of the regular cavalry called
for by him (Major General Scott) from the army under the imme-
diate command of Major General Taylor, he (Major General Scott)
expected the detachments would be made up, in nearly equal parts,
from the 1st and 2d dragoons.
Besides the squadron of the 2d, with Major General Taylor,
who, probably, will be back at Monterey to-day or to-morrow. Cap-
tain Hunter's company of the same regiment is to be soon mounted,
and to return to the orders of Major General Taylor. That general,
it is presumed, (though Major General Scott has not given, and
does not expect to give any order on the subject,) may, probably,
unite the two companies of the 1st, with the three of the 2d, all of
which will be under his command, and, also, a sixth company,
(2d dragoons,) soon expected out under Lieutenant Sibley.
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
PL L. SCOTT,
A. A. A. G,
To Colonel W. S. Harney,
2d Dragoons,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 869
[ 4. ] MatamoraSj Mexico, January 25, 1847.
Sir: Your communication of the 24th instant was received last
night, and I hasten to return a reply.
In my letter of the 23d I endeavored to explain my position, and
to disabuse the mind of Major General Scott in relation to any pre-
conceived views he may have formed to my prejudice. It was hu-
nriliating to do so, but I deemed it my duty, in the present state of
affairs, to make any reasonable sacrifice to preserve harmony, and
to enable me to accompany this portion of my regiment into the
field. Your reply has disappointed me; if not a revocation of your
order, I at least expected that some good and sufficient reason would
be given for depriving me of ray regiment, or that reparation would
be made to me for it in another quarter; with this view I relin-
quished my command. By your letter referred to, you have not
only deprived me of my regiment, but you have placed my junior,
the major of my own regiment, in command of it; and the imagi-
nary command to which you have been pleased to allude, I consider
as entirely inadequate to the one you would force me to relinquish,
even should it ever be brought into existence. If General Scott
does not deem me capable of discharging my appropriate duties,
he may arrest, but he shall not unresistingly degrade me. It is
painful to be driven to this alternative. I have endeavored to avoid
the issue; it has been forced on me, and I must abide the judgment
of my peers. As long as I am a colonel, I shall claim the command
of my regiment; it is a right which I hold by my commission and
the laws of the land, and no authority short of the President of
the United States can legally deprive me of it. In adopting this
course, I feel that I am not only defending my own, but the rights
of every officer of the army. It is true another course is open to
me, but it is well known by your presence with the army that an
important expedition against the enemy is at hand, and my desire
to participate in it will not allow me to aw,ait redress by an appeal
to higher authority. It is in full view of all the consequences in
which I may be involved that I have taken this step. I do it with
no desire to show a spirit of insubordination, but because I believe
my honor and my character as a soldier involved in the issue. I
have no hope that anything I may say will alter your determina-
tion; to discuss the subject further would be useless; and I have
only to add, that I have assumed the command of my regiment, and
will accompany it to the mouth of the river.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
WM. S. HARNEY,
Colonel 2d dragoons.
Major General Winfield Scott,
Commander-in-chief, U. S. Army.
7i>HMWlMiwi
taiOim.
rmtv/rr —
_ TTfiSC
I
■%. -.^
Ex. Doc. No. 60. , 871
for them, a list of the officers to compose the court, signed by your
hand, is expected by the return of the bearer, and that he will be
instructed to wait for such list two hours only.
I enclose, to facilitate your action, a list of the officers for court
martial duty at ca.iip Palo Alto, from whom you are at liberty to
select, as well as from the officers of the 2d dragoons, regiment of
mounted riflemen, and infantry, at the mouth of the Rio Grande.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
H. L. SCOTT,
A. A. A. General.
War Department,
Washington^ Jaiiuary 4, 1847.
Sir: Some anxiety is felt here in regard to the position of our
troops in Mexico. Everything indicates that it is the policy of the
enemy to strike at our detached posts, or cut our lines of communi-
cation. We are not fully advised what lines it is proposed to sus-
tain, or what posts are to be held. The line, should it not extend
beyond Monterey, is a long one, and a considerable force will be
required to keep it open, and to hold that place. If, in addition to
retaining possession of Monterey, an attempt should be made to
establish posts at Parras, Saltillo, Linares, Victoria, &c., it is feared
that an opportunity will be offered to the enemy- to gain some ad-
vantage over us at one or more of these points, or along the chain
of connexion necessarily to be kept up with them. You are well
acquainted with the present plans of operation. While engaged in
an expedition on the seacoast, it is not proposed to penetrate the
country, beyond Monterey, with a view to its permanent occupation,
though it is desirable to maintain a threatening attitude at that
point. Monterey must be held with a .sufficient force. Such a
force being provided for that object, the remainder will of course
be at your disposal to maintain other proper positions, and to ope-
rate on the gulf coast, and especially at Vera Cruz. Your position
will enable you to determine, better than can be done here, what
should be the best disposition for the safety of our troops, and to
'disappoint the expectations of the enemy, who is undoubtedly
watching for opportunities to fall upon them while in detachments
of small bodies, with greatly superior numbers. No positive di-
rections will, therefore, be given touching these matters.
It was expected that General Taylor would have deemed it ex-
pedient to order the force under General Wool to join him at Mon-
terey, and not to extend his line to Saltillo, with a view to hold
permanent possession of it. At the last advices from Gen. Wool
he had not received orders to unite his forces with those under the
immediate command of General Taylor, but it is hoped that before
this time the suggestions in my despatch to General Taylor of the
22il of October have been received, approved, and carried into
effect. The detachment which it is proposed to make from the
forces at and near Monterey, for the expedition on the coast, will
872 , Ex. Doc. No. 60.
render it proper, if not indispensable, that they should be rein-
forced by General Wool's command.
As a considerable part of the forces under General Taylor may
be withdrawn for the expedition you are to conduct against Vera
Cruz, it is urged that great caution should be observed in regard to
the safety of those which may be left on the present line of opera-
tions.
If any reliance can be placed on the accounts which have
reached us as to the number and condition of the army under the
command of the Mexican general, he could have rendered it diffi-
cult and hazardous for our troops to advance to Saltillo, and his
retiring beyond tha-t place wears the appearance of a ruse to draw
us far into the country in that direction, to the end that he may
practise, with better hopes of success, his system of guerrilla war-
fare. If such be his object, I trust proper measures will be taken
to disappoint him. It seems now to be generally understood that
he is at Tula with a large body of cavalry. The object of this
movement is not clearly perceived. The withdrawing of the Mexi-
can force from Tampico would seem to indicate a determination on
his part to yield up Tamaulipas to our arms; but the occupation of
Tula with a strong force does not appear consistent with such a
course of policy, unless he is apprehensive that we may move upon
San Luis Potosi through the passes of the mountains in that vi-
cinity. Should we undertake to hold Victoria with a small force,
might he not move- from his present position at Tula against that
place, and surprise it; or fall upon some of our detachments mov-
ing by land to Tampicol Though the Sierra Madre is difficult to
pass, and with wagons or wheel-carriages impassable, yet may not
the enemy's cavalry find a way through the gorges of this moun-
tain? It is not unreasonable to expect that some such movement
is contemplated. It is therefore suggested that this matter should
be well considered, and great care taken to guard against any sur-
prise in this quarter.
We have no news from Mexico on which much reliance can be
placed; but from such information as we have, it is doubtful
whether a Mexican Congress will have assembled at the time fixed
for it — the 6th of December; and it is'equally doubtful whether,
whenever it shall come together, it will be disposed to enter upon
negotiations for peace. Mexico is undoubtedly in a wretched con-
dition, and without the prospect of improvement. A hope was en-
tertained, and not now wholly abandoned, that the northern depart-
ments would see that their interest would be promoted by with-
drawing from the central government and forming an independent
republic. Should any such disposition manifest itself, it ought to
be encouraged, and those engaged in the movement should have all
the protection and support from our forces that can be properly
given to them; without any pledge, however, that its separate ex-
istence will be made a condition in the treaty of peace which may
be entered into between Mexico and the United States.
We have not yet learned that Mexico is making any extraordi-
nary efforts to assemble a large covering army at Vera Cruz, and it
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 873
is hoped that you will not find a formidable force to oppose your
landing. Securely on shore in the vicinity of Vera Cruz, I have
but little doubt of your success in getting possession of the city,
and hope the surrender of the castle will follow.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Winfield Scott.
War Department,
Washington y February 15, 1847.
Sir: I have received several communications from you since y^Dur
arrival in Mexico. They will be placed on file in the office of the
adjutant general, and the receipt thereof duly acknowledged by
him.
The several regiments of volunteers, called out before you left
WashingtQn, were organized with as much despatch as was expect-
ed; nearly all have left for the seat of war, and we are advised of
the arrival of several of them off the Brazos.
I am happy to inform you that the bill for raising ten regiments to
serve for the war, has at length become a law. Had this authority
been given, as I hoped and expected it would, within the first two
weeks of the session, I am quite confident that we should now have
had several thousands of these troops on the way to Mexico. Ap-
pearances warrant the belief that they will be speedily raised.
Many persons who are deemed worthy to receive commissions have
companies already prepared to enter into the service." They will
be sent on at once in companies; the regiments can be organized
afterwards. I anticipate that companies will go on before the end
of the present month. There is so much doubt whether officers
now in the rep-ular army would take commissions of not more than
one or two grades above those which they now hold, that it is not
probable many will be selected for the new regiments. As these
regiments are to be disbanded by express provision of the law
which authorizes them, at the conclusion of the war, those officers
who may be transferred to them would be in great danger of being
thrown out of the army.
The additional majors of the present regiments are already nomi-
nated. They have been, as the law requires, taken from the cap-
tains, and seniority, in all instances but one (and that for a special
reason) has controlled in the selection. Some further legislation
for the army is necessary before the adjournment of Congress, and
I hope it will take place.
The President sent a special message to Congress on Saturday,
in which he specified what was deemed necessary. With this I
send you a newspaper copy of it, that you may see what is recom-
mended.
I think it is not reasonable to expect that an additional article of
war, giving authority to military tribunals to try and punish certain
874 Ex. Doc. No. 60. .
offences not expressly embraced in the existing articles, will be
enacted. I have had a conversation on the subject w^ith the chair-
man of the committee of the Senate, and understand from him that
he had given it his attention, and did not consider legislation neces-
sary, as the right to punish in such cases necessarily resulted from
the condition of things when an army is prosecuting hostilities in
an enemy's country.
Your expedition is a matter of deep anxiety to all, and certainly
to none more than myself. Every possible effort, so far as I know,
has been made in each branch of this department, to carry out fully
and promptly all the arrangements which devolved upon it in the
way of preparation and outfit. The difficulties have been more
than were anticipated, but they have been met with energy. The
time for preparations on so large a scale was short, and the ar-'
arrangements multifarious; the execution of some depended on the
prior execution of others. Delays to some extent were unavoidable;
but I trust none have occurred which will result in a serious detri-
ment to the service; none which any one well acquainted with our
condition and what was required to be done, would not have ex-
pected. We are expecting daily information from you, and calcu-
late that the next we receive will apprise us that you have em-
barked and are on your way to the point of your destination. The
account you give of the frequency and violence of the "terrible
northers" is to me a source of deep anxiety. They are, in my
judgment, the most formidable enemy you will have to encounter.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY.
Major General Winfield Scott,
Commanding U. S. ^irmy, Mexico.
War Department,
Washington^ February 22, 1847.
Sir: I have received your letter of the 28th ultimo, (No. 8,)
with the enclosures, numbered from 1 to 6, inclusive, in relation to
the arrest of Colonel W. S. Harney. These papers have been sub-
mitted to the President, and I am directed by him to say that he
regrets the occurrence. Recognizing, as he does to the fullest
extent, your rights as commanding general in the field, and dis-
posed to sustain you in the ample exercise of them, he is not at
liberty, as commander-in-chief, to overlook the consideration that
the officers under you have their rights, which is equally his duty
to sustain.
In the case as you have presented it, he does not discover a suf-
ficient cause for the order depriving Colonel Harney of the com-
mand which appropriately belonged to him, and devolving it upon
his inferior in rank. Without intending tp approve of the conduct
of Colonel Harney in disobeying your orders, the President deems
it proper to apprise you of his opinion that Colonel Harney had
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 875
good cause to complain of that order, as derogatory to his rights,
and he hopes that the matter has been reconsidered by you and
that the colonel has been restored to his appropriate command.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Winfield Scott,
Commanding the army of the U. States in Mexico.
No. 9.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Brazos San lago, Fehruary 4, 1847.
Sir: No mail has arrived from New Orleans since I had the
honor to address you the 28th ultimo. Two steamers are now due
from that place. Neither may be expected to return in several
weeks, as all will be needed, probably, to take troops, &c., south.
This despatch will go to-day by a return schooner.
Though many ships, doubtless, must now be nearly up to receive
the troops waiting here and at Tampico, not one has arrived. The
Saint Louis, from Philadelphia, freighted with boats of debarka-
tion, &c., is off this bar, and we know nothing of the near approach
of any ship with ordnance, ordnance stores, and other sjege mate-
rials.
. I am becoming exceedingly anxious for the arrival of all the
vessels that are due. The season for operations on the coast is
already short, and I am personally wanted at Tampico and Lobos.
I cannot, however, leave here without some certainty as to the
near approach of essentials.
The 1st Pennsylvania regiment of volunteers, the Louisiana vol-
unteers, and a part of the New York volunteers, had passed this
place, before my general order (No. 6) of the 30th ultimo. At
that date, I intended to take with me four regiments of the new
volunteers only, leaving the remainder for Major General Taylor.
The three mentioned, being up, in whole or in part, were ordered to
Lobos; and wishing, as far as practicable, to keep regiments of
the same State together, the 2d Pennsylvania was designated (in
orders No. 6) to follow, making the four regiments. This regi-
ment, and the 2d Mississippi, were then known to be at New Or-
leans, where they have been detained, I learn, by an unusual de-
gree of sickness. When the latter comes up, it wnll go, under
that order, to join the 1st Mississippi regiment with Major General
Taylor.
But a fifth — the South Carolina regiment — has, by some mistake
at New Orleans, sailed, I learn, direct from Mobile for Lobos.
This I do not now regret, as information received yesterday makes
it necessary that the expedition I am to conduct shall be augmented
to the utmost within my power.
I reported in my despatch to you of the 24th ultimo, that my
876 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
confidential letters to Major Generals Taylor and Butler from
Camargo, had been improperly opened and made public at Mon-
terey before they had reached those generals; and I added, that it
"was believed there generally the substance of those letters had
been, by Mexicans, promptly communicated to the enemy at San
Luis de Potosi.
It is now believed, on the authority of a letter not official, that my
despatches to the same generals, (of the 3d ultimo,) being sent off
by the latter at Saltillo, to the former, then marching towards Vic-
toria, by 2d Lieutenant Richey, 5th infantry, and ten mounted
men, were met by a party of the enemy, about the 11th ultimo,
and the detachment all captured or killed. If Lieutenant Richey
(reported as being slain) had not time to destroy the despatches
about his person, (which is highly improbable,) General Santa
Anna, at San Luis de Potosi, had them, no doubt, in four days
after their capture. It is, consequently, more than possible that,
before this time, the greater part of the Mexican army lately as-
sembled at San Luis de Potosi has reached Vera Cruz, or its
vicinity. Major General Taylor's mind has no doubt, ere this,
arrived at the same conclusion; and I shall write to suggest to
him, at his own discretion, the advantage of manoeuvring offen-
sively in the direction of San Luis de Potosi, after being partially
reinforced with some of the new regiments of volunteers. The
suggestion would be unnecessary but for the intimations he has
received to stand on the defensive.
Another painful rumor, generally credited, reached me yester-
day— the capture, at Encarnacion, some 60 miles in advance of Sal-,
tillo, of Majors Borland and Gaines, and about 80 men of the Ar-
kansas and Kentucky mounted volunteers. The private letter,
from a highly intelligent officer at Saltillo, represents that not a
shot was fired by either party.
I shall esteem myself happy if, contrary to present hopes, I shall
soon be able to contradict both, or either of these painful rumors*
To elucidate my position, acts, and expectations, I enclose, here-
with, copies of many papers. Letters from Major General Patter-
son, Commodore Connor, Brevet Brigadier General Worth, Colonel
Harney, Commander Sanders, of the United States ship St. Mary's,
and Captain Hetzell, senior, of the quartermaster's department at
this place, together with letters from me to each of those officers,
except Commodore Connor, to whom I have not written directly
since December 27.
I also put under cover my letter to the commanding officer at
Matamoras, respecting a seizure •f certain goods, now in charge
of the military authority there. Please see, in connexion, the let-
ter to me from Brevet Brigadier General Worth. By whom the
goods were originally seized, for whose benefit, or under what pre-
text, I have not had time to inquire; but the marshal of Texas,
with a lawyer, has called upon me to revoke my order in the case,
so as to enable him (the marshal) to get a colorable possession of
the property. Believing that there was something mysterious, if
not wrong, in the pursuit; that the goods had never been within
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 877
the limits of Texas, and that the whole case had been placed be-
fore the Secretary of the Treasury, I would not revoke the instruc-
tions I had given. The property, of course, will be held, so far as
I am concerned, until the Secretary of the Treasury, or the gov-
ernment, shall decide the question.
It will be seen by the papers, including the proceedings of the
general court martial in the case, that Colonel Harney, after his
trial, and under my renewed order directing him to proceed to
Monterey, &c., addressed a letter, in a proper tone of submission,
to Brevet Brigadier General Worth; and that, thereupon, contrary
to my original intention, I gave that general instructions to place
the colonel in command of the regular dragoons (parts of the 1st
and 2d regiments) of the expedition.
Colonel Curtis's Ohio regiment of volunteers, at Matamoras,
heretofore mentioned in some of my letters, I have finally deter-
mined to leave under the orders of Major General Taylor, accord-
ing to his wish, and that of Major General Butler; and because a
sufficient number of the new volunteers are likely to be up before
the arrival of the transports to take the troops now ready to em-
bark with me.
I ,hope in a day or two, by arrivals here, to receive such infor-
mation of supplies in arrear as to allow me to proceed with 350
men, on board the steamer Massachusetts, to Tampico, &c.
I have the honor to remain, sir, with high respect, your most
obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War.
P. S. Another detachment of the New York volunteers, under
the command of Captain Shaw, has just been reported to me as on
board the ship Isabel, off this bar. The detachment took on board
water for thirty-five days only, and has now a supply for nine days^
with rations for about twenty, having consumed a large part of
both water and provisions at anchor before sailing. Of course I
should land the detachment at once, but that a part of the regi-
ment is already at or near Lobos, f qually, I suppose, short of water.
Little or none can be obtained there. This is quite an embarrass-
ment, considering our deficiency in lighters here, and at the mouth
of the Rio Grande. All the transports from the Mississippi and
Mobile were ordered by me to take water for seventy days at
least.
w. s.
878 Ex, Doc. No. 60.
Commodore Connor to Mcjor General Scotf.^
U. S. Frigate Raritan,
Anton Lizardo, January 11, 1847.
Sir: Your esteemed favor of the 23d ultimo was received two
days since, by the United States ship Albany, from Pensacola.
I had received, some days previously, communications from the
Navy Department, apprising me of your being to about take com-
mand of the army in Mexico, and of the joint operations contem-
plated against the enemy. In the prosecution of these measures,
you may rely on the cordial co-operation of the naval forces under
my command.
In consequence of some apprehensions being entertained of an
attack from Mexican privateers, supposed to be fitting out in the
Island of Cuba, I despatched the St. Mary's some days since to
the Brazos, for the protection of the transports before that place.
Commander Sanders is directed to perform any service you may
require of him; and as I attach little credit to the report concern-
ing the privateers, the St. Mary's might be withdrawn from the
Brazos, without much risk to the transports, to carry your de-
spatches to me, or to Tampico, should you wish to communicate
with that place. I would employ steamboats for the purpose of
communicating with you; but, unfortunately, with the exception of
the Princeton, (and she is in very bad condition, and scarcely fit to
keep the sea,) I have no steamer that is capable of making the
passage to the Brazos with certainty or safety at this season of the
year.
My information from the shore in regard to the movements of
the enemy, has not of late been either so full or so exact as could
be desired. From a source, however, which I believe may be
relied upon, I learn that there are now about one thousand men in
the castle, and in the town, eighteen hundred effective men, inde-
pendent of the town militia, who do not amount to one thousand
men. The provisions in the town or castle seldom or never exceed
a supply for three or four days. In this matter all accounts concur.
I am not aware of there being any regular force of any conse-
quence between '^''era Cruz and Mexico. There possibly may be a
regiment or more at Xalapa, and also at La Puebla, and the city
of Mexico; but this I think doubtful, as great exertions have been
made by Santa Anna to assemble the whole regular force of the
country at San Luis. The national guards, or such numbers as can
be armed, have in some instances garrisoned the towns, from which
the troops of the line have been withdrawn. Such, it is believed,
has been the case in most, if not all, of those above mentioned. I
am, therefore, of opinion little opposition is to be expected from
anything like a regular army in your descent on the coast, or from
any other force than that within the city of Vera Cruz. Nor do I
believe it in the power of the Mexican government to assemble a
force in a reasonable time in the neighborhood of the city sufficient
for its protection.
No neutral vessels are permitted to enter or depart from the har-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 879
bor of Vera Cruz, except the English steam packets that arrive on
the 14th and sail on the 2(1 of every month. Your agents may
either avail themselves of these vessels, which I will direct to be
boarded at their departure, or te conveyed on board the -vessels
blockading the port, by means of the fishing boats, which are still
allowed to pass out to sea for the purpose of fishing.
The vessels of the squadron have all been withdrawn from Tam-
pico; but I will send one to that place without delay, for the pur-
pose of bringing any' despatch you may find it convenient to send
to that place for me.
I am informed there is good shelter at the Isle of Lobos for any
number of vessels; but ho water is to be obtained there. Never-
theless, it is highly important the transports employed should be
well found'with ground tackle^ to enable them, even in the most
sheltered positions, to ride out in safety the sudden and violent
gales from the north, so frequent at this season of the year. This
artchorage is considered one of the best and safest on the coast, yet
in the gale of the 24th of November, three vessels either foundered
or were driven on shore from their anchors in this road, and lost.
A gale is now blowing, in which, during the last night, this ship
parted one of her best cables, and was only saved from imminent
danger of being wrecked, by others which were down bringing
her up.
Some reduction has occurred lately in the naval force in the
gulf, by the withdrawal of the Cumberland and Mississippi. Still,
it is probable I should be able to land upwards of six hundred sea-
men and marines.
I have the honor, &c., &c.,
D. CONNOR.
Head-quarters, 2d Division, Army of Occupation,
Tampico, January 24, 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your note
of the 6th instant, from Matamoras, enclosing despatches for Major
General Taylor, which reached me at Victoria on the 14th instant,
and were delivered to the general, at that place, the same day.
I have to report my arrival at this place yesterday, with the 1st
regular division, under command of Brigadier General Twiggs.
The 1st brigade of the second division of volunteers, commanded
by Brigadier General Pillow, will be in this vicinity to-day; and
the 2d brigade, with Brigadier General Quitman, will reach the
same ground to-morrow.
I have not yet received a return of General Twiggs's command,
having only joined him on the route. The aggregate of the 2d
division is 3,714. The aggregate of regulars and volunteers under
the commanl, at present, of Brigadier General Shields, agreeably
to a return received this morning, is 1,726. The force under Gen-
880 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
eral Twiggs is not far from 1,460. So that the grand aggregate of
the troops in this vicinity is 6,900.*
I have the honor to be, &c.j &c.,
R. PATTERSON,
Major General U. S. JJ., ^commanding ^
First Lieut. H. L. Scott,
^id-de-campj Sfc.j ^c, head-quarters of the army^ ^c.
Head-quarters or the Army,
Brazos San lago, January 29, 1847.
Sir: I wrote to Brigadier General Shields, then commanding at
Tampico, on the 13th and the 21st instant — the secohd letter by
the steamer Massachusetts; but, as she has not returned, though
many days behind time, I have not a line in reply. •
I hope you and the brigades of Twiggs, Pillow, and Quitman,
are all at Tampico. A letter from Major General Taylor, of the
15th instant, informs me that he had given you that destination.
Transports have been taken up, in New Orleans, for all the
troops who are to compose my expedition, and embark here and
at Tampico. They will begin to arrive, probably, about the same
time at both places. Not one ^s yet, as far as we know, off this
bar; but the troops from Saltillo and Monterey (regulars) are at
hand.
The troops with you may begin to embark as soon as you have
transports — the infantry first, for two reasons: 1st. Horses suffer
more on board ship than men; and 2d. It is doubtful whether we
shall have, in all, transports to accommodate the Tennessee horse
with you, or other volunteer cavalry.
Embark no battery of light artillery until you again see or hear
from me. The garrison of Tampico to be left. You will desig-
nate provisionally, say one company of artillery, and three hun-
dred infantry, the latter mostly or entirely volunteers. On my
arrival, and after consultation with you, I shall be more definite
on these points, and, at the same time, name the commander of the
garrison.
Brigadier General Shields has with him, I think, no organized
brigade of volunteers. It is my intention to embrace him in the
expedition and to furnish him with a suitable command under
At least four new regiments of volunteers are up with this place,
or are known to be this side of New Orleans; but the ordnance,
ordnance storts, and boats of debarkation, may be not so near me.
I am waiting for information on those matters, for the arrival of
transports for the regulars in this neighborhood, and for the return
• Note. — The force under Brevet Brigatlier. General Worth is 3,260. Five regiments of
Bew volunteers, (say.) 3,500. So that the grand aggregate of General Scott's expedition
will be 13,6G0. Of tliis number, including the garrison to be left at Tampico, 5,74:1^ are
regulars.
H. L, SCOTT, j1. a, a. General,
t
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 881
of the Massachusetts. In her, I hope to be at Tarapico in less than
ten days.
Let all transports, as soon as troops are on board, proceed to the
general rendezvous behind the island of Lobos. See general
orders No. 1, and my note of the 21st instant to Brigadier General
Shields.
I remain, sir, with great respect, your most obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT,
Major General R. Patterson,
United States Volunteers, commanding, Sfc, Sfc.
Brigadier General Worth to Major General Scott.
Palo Alto, January 30, 1847.
General: The bearer of this will present to your consideration
a very remarkable case, seeming to call for the interposition of
your authority. I heard some time since of this seizure. At that
time, the principle involved in the case had not been laid down by
the treasury; but, since, rules adverse, if you please, to the impor-
ters, have^been established — meantime, however, the property was
held under military guard, subject to the decision at Washington,
where the matter was submitted by the party interested. Pending
that arbitrament, and in a case involving the right of a neutral, the
marshal of Texas presents himself on the west bank of the Rio
Grande, and demands this property, in order to take it to Galveston
for adjudication. How comes that officer, of rightful authority,
beyond his jurisdiction'? He cannot cross that boundary to arrest
a murderer, much less to exercise civil authority; and how Colonel
Clarke could relinquish his hold of the property, is, to my mind^
totally inexplicable.
' Very respectfully, yours,
W. J. WORTH.
Major General Scott to Colonel JV. S. Clarke, cr commanding
officer United Stntes forces at Matamoras.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Brazos San I'go, January 31, 1847.
Sir: A case of great apparent hardship has just been presented
to me, relating to the seizure of certain goods, some time since,
belonging to the commercial house of Charles Ulhde & Co., of
Matamoras, which goods are now said to be stored in that city,
under the care of our military authority. It is further alleged that
those goods are now demanded by the marshal of Texas, in order
to be transferred to Galveston for adjudication, although they were
56
882 Ex. Doc. No. CO.
never landed on the left bank of the Rio Grande, and, therefore,
it raay be never within the limits of Texas.
As the legality of the seizure is understood now to be before the
Secretary of the Treasury, and that his decision may be daily
expected, I think it my duty to desire you not to allow, in the
meantime, the said goods to be transferred from their present
place of deposit.
Very respecti'ully, your most obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Head-quarters or the Army,
Brazos Santiago J February 1, 1847.
Sir: I have to request that you will please, run down in your
ship to the harbor behind the island of Lobes to give protection,
advice, and it may be, assistance, to any of the ships of my expe-
dition ordered to await further orders at that general rendez-
vous.
I may be detained here several days longer, waiting for the
transports to receive the troops in this neighborhood and at Tam-
pico, and those ships, I know, are detained at New Orleans, wait-
ing for water casks in the hands of coopers. • "
I think you have a copy of my general order. No. 6, respecting
the new volunteer regiments. A part of one (the South Caro-
lina regiment) has, by some mistake, sailed from Mobile direct for
Lobos, and the remaining parts will no doubt follow; all without
calling off this place. It is now too late to correct this mistake; at
least, let it reriiain until ray arrival at Lobos.
I hope to be at TSmpico by the 6th instant, at Lobos by the
10th, and up . i h Commodore Connor by the 3."'Ji.
If an opportunity should offer, please comuiunicate this hasty
note to the commodore.
I cannot ask yon to remain any given number of days about Lo-
bos, but may hope to find you there.
With jrreat respect, &c.,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Coroman'lei Saunders,
Coru sanding U. S. ship Si. Mary^s.
Head-quarters of the Armt,
Brazos Santiago.^ February 2, 1847.
Sir: 1. It is understood by oflirial information received here
from Washington and New Orleans, that a sufficient number of
transports may now be expect» d off this bar, in a very few^ days, to
re(t.ive Gineral Worth's division, in the neighborhood, consisting
say of 3,300 men and 730 horses, (besides officers' horses,) and
5,000 men, with offiiers' horsts only, at Tarapico.
2. A portion of those tran^pcrts, as fast as they arrive, must be
assigned to General Worth's division, and the remainder to Tam-
,Ex. Doc. No. 60. 885
pico, to receive there, at least, the number of men and horses stated
above, and, if practicable, 500 cavalry men, and their horses ia
addition.
3. To enable your department to provide the transportation for
the men and horses, given in the first paragraph above, by an early
day, (say,) at this place by the 10th instant at the latest, and at
Tampico by the 13th or 15th, any deficiency in transports must, as
far as practicable, be made up by means of vessels here, belonging
to the department or in its hire, including steamers, ships, brigs,
and even schooners.
4. But it is known that the craft, of every description in this
harbor and off its bar, are deficient in extra water casks for t'-oops —
men and horses; and further, that with our deficiency in lighters,
(_small steamers to communicate with large craft off this bar, and
that at the moutL of the Ptio Grande,) combined with stormy
weather, it will be as tedious as difficult, to fill the extra casks that
may be obtained with fresh water, so.iie ten miles up the Rio
Grande. Nevertheless, you will go on, as orally directed some
time since, with all preliminary arrangements, to avoid delay, and
meet the contingency of the non-arrival of sufficient transports
from the northeast.
5. We are advised that six of the expected ships will be loaded
with full water casks; but it is feared that those ships may not
touch here, but proceed directly to the appointed general rendez-
vous, behind the island of Lobos. That water there will be a
great resource, and may be allowed for to some extent in the em-
barkation to be made here. Hence, if a part of Gtneral Worth's
division should sail with only water sufficient for thirty, or even
twenty days, it may suffice.
To the foregoing limitations I will add th.^ following: 1. General
Worth's division must, if practicable, be supplied with good and
sufficient means of transportation, at the latest, by the 10th instant;
sooner, I hope. 2. Next, all the remaining trant ports that you can
possibly obtain, must be promptly despatched to Tampico, where,
if provided with casks, water may be much more easily obtained
than in this neighborhood; that is, transportation for as many men
and horses as I give in the first paragraph above, and, if possible,
for the additions in the following parag'-iph. Should you not be
able, f'-om this place, as above, to provide for those additious (with-
out seading to New Orleans) by the 15th instant, I may send back
to Tampico from Lobos the ships freighted with water, (mentioned
above,) after discharging that water into the emptied casks of
transports in that harbor. I mention this as another resource which
you may be compelled to take into your calculations.
I give the foregoing o-eneral instructions for your guidance, ex-
pecting to embark in a day or two for Tampico, Lobos, &c., having
the greatest confiden».e in your judgment, zeal, and energy.
Yours, very respectfully,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Captain A. R. Hetzel, or senior officer of the
■ United States Quartermaster's Department^ Brazos,
884 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
t
P. S. — I am glad to learn from you that the six ships, freighted
whh water, are expected to teuch here.
I must not omit to say that some fuel for cooking will be needed
in all ships with troops.
I have already discussed and arranged with you the details of
the early land transportation train, say, of one hundred wagons
with mule teams, to accompany, or to follow closely, the troops of
my expedition. If successful in making the descent on the enemy's
coast near Vera Cruz, I may, in a very few weeks, say in three,
need a much more considerable train of wagons and packs; suf-
cient for an army of (say) ten thousand men. A portion of this
large addition I may hope to capture from the enemy, or to pur-
chase in his country.
W. S.
Bkazos San Iago, February 2, 1847.
Sir: In reply to a communication I had the honor to receive from
the commanding general this morning, I have to state that the 12
vessels chartered at New Orleans for the transportation of troops
from this place to Lobos, or elsewhere, the arrival of which may
be hourly expected, the six fitted up for troops will carry, conve-
niently, four hundred men each, and the others from 175 to 200
horses, with the officers and men necessary to take care of them on
the passage. These vessels, then, will suffice, excluding the Mas-
sachusetts, for the transportation of the force to be embarked
here, together with the animals required for the "early land trans-
portation train."
The steamers that may be considered as almost certainly avail-
able for the movement in contemplation, are the Massachusetts,
Alabama, Eudora, McKim, Virginia, and Edith. These vessels will
carry 1,900 men.
Five vessels have already been chartered capable of carrying 800
men, besides siipplies. For the transportation of the remaining
2,300, assuming that 5,000 are to be embarked at Tampico, vessels
will be forthwith chartered.
For the transpottation of the wagons, tools, implements, &c.y
for the quartermastci's department, vessels have already been taken
up, and the articles are already on board, or ready to be put on
board, as soon as the weather will admit of it.
Of the six vessels freighted with water, four of them may reason-
ably be expected to be here either to-day or to-morrow. These
vessels may probably be used, to a certain extent, for the trans-
portation of the troops. Still they will not enter into my calcu-
lations, and ample transportation be provided independent thereof.
With much respect, &c., &c.
A. R. HETZEL,
Captain^ A. Quartermaster.
To H. L. Scott,
A. A. A. Ge7ieraL *
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 885
Correspondence accompanying the proceedings of the court martial
in the case of Col. W. S. Harney.
Camp Page, Texas,
January 28, 1847.
Sir: I feel deeply indebted to Major General Scott, for his
magnanimity in allowing me to select the members of my court,
but there are many reasons why I should decline this privilege. It
is sufficient that I regard the charge on which I am to be tried as
involving a general principle, which shall not be decided by a court
of my friends, or persons from whom I should look for fav "*•, but
by impartial judges who are to render judgment in a case ivhere
the rights of all are concerned. Wholly concurring in the views
entertained by Major General Scott, " in the honor of our officers
generally and almost universally," I leave with him the entire
selection of the court, requesting to be excluded the first and third
officers named on the list vvhich you enclosed. In regard to the
feelings of personal hostility alluded to by Major General Scott, I
am not aware that any act of mine can indicate such a feeling
towards General Scott, so clearly as his own attempt to remove
me from my proper command will evince in the estimation of all.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
WILLIAM S. HARNEY,
Colonel 2d dragoons.
Lieutenant H. L. Scott, A. J), C.
Head-quarters of the Armt,
Brazos Santiago, January 30, 1847.
Sir: Major General Scott has instructed me to say, that the ap-
plication of Col. W. S. Harney, dragoons, for any endorsement
or letter written by Brigadier General Worth, on forwarding
Colonel Harney's letter of the 23d instant, is irregular, and cannot
be granted. Brigadier General Worth is himself at hand, and can
be required to give oral testimony in the case if needed.
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
H. L. SCOTT, A. A. A. G.
To Captain W. W. Mackall,
A. D. C, Judge Advocate, general court martial.
Gentlemen of the court: In answer to General Scott's re-
fusal to give up the letter or endorsement, written by Brevet
Brigadier General Worth in forwarding my remonstrance of the
23d instant, I beg leave to state, that it is not for General Scott
to decide what evidence may or may not be proper for this court
to receive in my defence; that it is a matter for the decision of
the court, and it is to be presumed the members are fully compe-
886
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
tent to decide the question without any instruction from the com-
manding general of the army. In my letter yesterday to the judge
advocate, I stated that I considered this document important to
my defence; in my letter of the 23il, I alluded to my recent con-
duct "which had come under the notice of General Worth, and I
desire to knoAv %Ybc:t he may have said on the subject. As the
•whole testimony ou ihe part of the prosecution is documentary, is
it not right and just to allow me the use of such documents as
may aid to my acquital? Why were General Scott's letters sent
hefore the court, if oral testimony is more regular, when the
^|-S'r*i.'''"V^^ hand. Indeed, I do not see how General Worth's en-
<Ia »■*,._ ^, it can be separated from the main document, and I am
sure il' ae had made any statements derogatory to my capacity to
command, that they v/ould have been produced on the part of the
prosecution. I am entiticd to General Worth's oral testimony I
inow, but I prefer this document, and I leave it to the court ta
decide whether I am entitled to this letter or not.
Respectfully submitted,
WILLIAM S. HARNEY,
Colonel 2d dragoons.
Court-room^ January 31, 1847.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Brazos San la<^0j January 31, 1847.
Sir: I have just received your note as judge advocate of the
general court martial, of which Colonel Clark is president, giving
me the decision of the court that a certain letter to me, from
lirevet Brigadier General Worth, transmitting one of the 23d in-
stant, from Colonel Harney to me, is legal evidence, which de-
cision orders you, as judge advocate, lo require of me that paper,,
viz: the said letter to me, from Brevet Brigadier General Worth,
although I had, by a note to you of yesterday, declined, on the
call of Colonel Harney, to furnish that letter, on the ground ex-
pre'.rly stated, that that geaeral oScer was near at hand, and might
be ci'/'led to testify to the zeal, &c., of Colonel Harney.
I r-iL: much surprised at the order and the demand of the honor-
ab't court in this matter, considering that all official correspond-
ence between a general-in-chief and the principal commanders of
corps under him is necessarily confidential, (and not public, as the
court fU:,poses,) until duly published by the proper authority. I
iriigh't -veil, therefore, on that and other grounds, refuse compliance
witli the most unusual and impolitic order of the court; but having;
no time to combat strange propositions, and wishing Colonel Har-
ney to have, in his own defence, the benefit of every thing that
may conduce to his exculpation from error, I send the paper in
question.
There was no endorsement by Brevet Brigadier General Worth,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 887
on tue letter in question, from Colonel Harney, that T recollect.
The original has been furnished to the judge advocate.
I remain, lespectfully, yours,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Captain W. W. Mackall,
A. A. G.y and Judge Advocate of^ 4"c., •y^.
Head-quarters, 2d Division,
Rio Grande^ January 21, 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to forward, herewith, a ccr munication
just received, for transmission, ^"ni Colonel Harnty. Having
already trespassed freely upon the geaeral-in-chief on lis subject,
I forbear any remark other tiian to say, that, since joining me,
Colonel Harney has evinced high zeal, energy and enthusiasm. No
one has expressed a livelier anxiety for the success of General
Scott's expedition, or deeper solicituile to serve under his orders.
He has availed himself of several occasions to give utterance to
honorable impulses and sentiments.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. J. WORTH,
Brevet Brigadier General.
To Lieutenant Scott,
A. D. C, A. A. A. G.
General Orders, ) Head-quarters of the Army,
No. 11. ) Brazos Santiago^ February 2, 1847.
1. At a general court martial convened at or near the mouth of
the Rio Grande, pursuant to general orders No. 5, of the 28th
ultimo, and of which Colonel N. S. Clarke, 6th infantry, is presi-
dent, was tried Colonel W. S. Harney, 2d regiment of dragoons,
on the following charge and specifications:
Charge. — Disobedience of orders and insubordinate conduct.
Spccijication first. In this, that Colonel W. S. Harney, 2d regi-
ment of dragoon?, huvinT beeii intructed by Major General Win-
field Scott, commanding the anu), in an official communication
bearing date Brazos Santiago, 23d. January, 1817, to relinquish the
command of that portion of his (the said Colonel Harney's) regi-
ment w^iich had reached Matarooras, and then to repair to the head-
quarters of, and personally to repoit to. Major General Taylor, did
fail to set out as instructed as iVresaid.
Specification second. In this, ihut the said Colonel W. S. Har-
ney, 2d regiment of dragoons, di-i, after having relinquished the
command of the troops afo^tsaid, as instructed as aforesaid, resume
the command of the same, and tk'.it^ after receiving the reiterated
orders of Major General Scott, dated Brazos Santiago, January 24,
1847, and in defiance of such repeated orders. This near Matarao-
ras, Mexico, on or about the 25th of January, 1847.
888 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
To which the accused pleaded as follows: ■«
To the first specification, "Guilty."
To the second specification, "Guilty."
To the charge, "Guilty, except the words ' and insubordinate
conduct.^ "
The court, after deliberation on the testimony adduced, find the
accused. Colonel W. S. Harney, 2d dragoons, as follows:
Of the first specification, confirm his plea, guilty.
Of the second specification, confirm his plea, guilty.
Of the charge, confirm his plea,^wt/^3/ of disobedience of orders,
not guilty of insubordinate conduct.
Sentence. — And the court do, therefore, sentence the said Colonel
W. S. Harney, 2d regiment of dragoons, ^Ho he reprimanded in
general orders.^''
"The court, in awarding this mild sentence, is moved by the be-
lief that the accused has acted under the impression that he could
not be legally ordered, against his consent, to separate himself from
the principal portion of his regiment; and while he has, in the be-
lief of the court, been influenced by a laudable desire to lead his
regiment into battle, he has overlooked the paramount importance,
especially with an army in the field, of an immediate and unhesita-
ting obedience to orders."
2. The general-in-chief approves the sentence in this case, which
he remits.
3. The general court martial, of which Colonel Clarke is presi-
dent, is dissolved.
4. Colonel Harney, therefore, is released from arrest, and will
proceed to execute the instructions which he received from the gen-
eral-in-chief on the 24th ultimo.
By command of Major General Scott:
H. L. SCOTT,
Jl. Ji. Ji. G.
Camp Page, Texas, February 3, 1847.
Sir: Having sought the decision of my peers, in an amicable, not
insubordinate spirit, on a question which I conceived, it seems er-
roneously, very seriously involved my rights, and a decision having
been pronounced against me, I cheerfully, as bound in duty and
honor, submit myself to my fate, seriously and deeply lamenting
that untoward circumstances should debar me from participating in
a service which, manifestly, so strongly appeals to the soldiership
and patriotism of every officer. As the order is reiterated to pro-
ceed to the head-quarters of General Taylor, I beg to be informed
if it is necessary I should move in advance of Captain Hunter's
company.
I am, very respectfully, «
WM. S. HARNEY,
Colonel 2d Dragoons,
Captain W. W. Mackall,
A. A. General.
Endorsed as follows:
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 889*
Respectfully submitted for consideration of the general-in-'
chief.
W.J. WORTH,
Col. 4'c., Brevet Brigadier General.
Lieut. H. L. Scott, A. A. A. General, to Colonel W. S. Harney.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Brazos Santiago, February 3, 1847.
Sir: Major General Scott has instructed me to say, that your
communication of the present date, addressed to the assistant ad-
jutant general at Brigadier General Worth's head-quarters, has
been referred to him, and that you will please report to Brevet
Brigadier General Worth for duty.
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
H.L.SCOTT,
A. A. A. General.
Lieutenant H. L. Scott, A. A. A. General, to Brigadier General
W. J. Worth.
Head-quarters or the Army,
Brazos Santiago, February 3, 1847.
Sir: I enclose, herewith, a letter ' for Colonel Wm. S. Harney,
2d dragoons, and I am instructed by the general-in-chief to say,
that you will, upon assigning Colonel Harney to the command of
the dragoons, disassociate the cavalry and rifles, and say, " Major
Sumner will continue in the command of the rifles until the regi-
ment shall be united under its colonel."
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
H. L. SCOTT,
. A. A. A. General^
No. 10.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Brazos San lago, February 5, 1847.
Sir: The schooner for New Orleans, with my letter to you of
yesterday, having failed to get off, gives me the opportunity of en-
closing herewith a copy of a letter received from Major General
Taylor.
It will be seen in that letter, that the rumor respecting the loss
of Lieutenant Richey, with the important despatches I mentioned
yesterday, is confirmed.
890 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
I am happy to add that the silence of Major General Taylor, ia
respect to the rumored capture of the mounted volunteers, in the
neighborhood of Encarnacion, leaves room to hope that they are
in safety.
One transport, from New Orleans, arrived last evening, with a
report that several others, to receive troops, might soon be ex-
pected.
The very limited number of regular medical officers will not, I
think, give more than one for every two transports.
I have the honor to be, sir, with high respect, your most obe-
dient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Hon. Secretary of War.
Head QUARTERS, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ January 26, 1847.
Sir: T respectfully report my arrival at this place on the 24th \
instant. After I had left my camp, near Victoria, I received Major
General Scott's letter, of December 20, and was advised, at the
same time, of the murder of Lieutenant Richey, 5th infantry, and
the loss of despatches conveyed by that officer.
It seems that on reaching the town of Villa Gran, on the 13th
instant. Lieutenant Richey separated himself from his escort, for
the purpose of purchasing provisions and forage; that he was as-
saulted by a gang of desperadoes, lassoed and brutally put to death*
He had been despatched to my head-quarters by Major General
-Butler, with som- communications, the most important being Gen-
eral Scott's original instructions to me, of January 3d. Those in-
structions, with other despatches found on Lieutenant Richey's
person, were doubtless forwarded to San Luis. Every effort was
made, by the offer of rewards, &c., to recover the despatches and
apprehend the murderers, but, it is feared, without success. I
have, however, in custody a Mexican, who is unquestionably crimi-
nated in the affair.
On reaching this place, I found that Major General Butler had
punctually carried out the instructions of the general-in-chief.
The recruits for the 3d infantry, however, were retained here, and
I, only wait advices from General Scott's head-quarters to put theni
in march for the mouth of the river.
We hear from the interior that General Santa Anna has certainly
been elected president, and Gomes Farias, vice president of the
republic. The former, at the last advices from San Luis, had gone
thence to the capital. The army is represented to be suffering for
want of supplies, and the Congress seems unwilling or unable to
vote the necessary appropriations.
From the direction of Durango, we learn that an action took
place at the Paso del Norte, between a detachment of troops from
Santa Fe and a Mexican force, which had marched from Chihua-
hua, resulting in tlie defeat and dispersion of the latter with con-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. ' 891
siderable loss. It is presumed that our troops are now in posses-
sion of Chihuahua.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Maj. Gen. U. S. A.^ commanding.
Lieut. H. L. Scott,
Aid-de-campj ^c.
No. 11.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Brazos San lago, February 12, 1847.
Sir: In my last despatch (February 5th) I reported that one
transport, to receive troops, had arrived. She took on board, the
day following, the greater part of the 8th infantry and sailed for
Lobos. Of the other ships for the same purpose, taken up at New
I Orleans by Brevet Major General Jesup, and which were to have
sailed, by the first appointment, about the 24th ultimo, not one has
reported here, and so of the ten ordered by you (in your memoran-
dum to the quartermaster general of December 15th) to be sent,
in ballast, from the north. We are now nearly a month behind the
time appointed by me (in November) for the assemblage of the
whole expedition off this bar; the troops here and at Tampico are
eager for the descent. Mexico is assembling a powerful army (in
numbers) to meet us at Vera Cruz or in the vicinity, and our trans-
ports, ordnance, ordnance stores, &c,, are yet nearly all behind.
We are now, perhaps, nearly at the end of a long continued
norther, and cannot yet tell what new vessels have arrived off the
bar.
We have no later official intelligence from Major General Taylor
than that communicated in my letter to the department on the 5th
instant; but an officer, who left Monterey on the 28th ultimo, con-
firms the remored capture of Major Borland and some fifty of the
Arkansas mounted regiment. It seems that Major Gaines and the
Kentuckians, included in the rumor, were not present.
We have certain intelligence, though not official, that a trans-
port, with three or four companies of the Louisiana volunteers, was
stranded some thirty miles south of Tampico, about the 6th instant,
and rumor adds that the detachment was captured the same day.
This I do not credit. That transport did not call off this bar.
In my present cruel uncertainties in respect to the approach of
transports, ordnance, ordnance stores, &c., &c., I cannot name a
day for my personal departure to the south. The Alabama steamer
may arxive lo-morrow and relieve me.
I have not received a line from you of a date later than the 4th
ultimo. The papers, under a blank envelope, respecting the appre-
hended smuggling of Colt's arms into Mexico, have been duly at-
tended to.
I put under cover, herewith, a copy of a letter from Commodore
892 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Connor, dated January 18th; a memorandum from Captain Hetzel,
senior assistant quartermaster here, dated February 9th, and a copy
of my letter to Major General Patterson, dated February 9th.
I have the honor to remain, sir, with respect, jour most obe-
dient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War.
United States Ship Raritan,
Anton Lizardoy January 18, 1847.
Sir: Your esteemed favor of the 26th ultimo, accompanied by a
duplicate of your communication of December 23d, dated at New-
Orleans, was handed to me yesterday afternoon, by Lieutenant
Rains. My reply to the latter was despatched, some days since, to
JBrazos Santiago, in a prize schooner, under charge of Lieutenant
Commanding Smith. By this time it has probably reached its ad-
dress.
The present would be the most favorable time for the contem-
plated attack upon Vera Cruz. There is every reason to believe
the information contained in my former communication, as to the
force now in the castle and town, correct. Provisions for the gar-
rison are obtained with the greatest difficulty, and in quantities suf-
ficient only to last from day to day. The supplies at present in
the castle may be, perhaps, enough for a week, or ten days, at the
utmost, all accounts agreeing that there are no salt provisions in
either. So far as I am able to judge, I am of opinion, that if four
or five thousand troops could be landed in the neighborhood of
Vera Cruz by the end of this month or the beginning of the next,
so as completely to invest the place, and cut off all communication
with the country, its surrender, in less than ten days, with that of
the castle, would be certain, and probably without the necessity of
firing a gun.
The best point for landing can readily be ascertained on your
arrival, after an examination of the coast. Indeed, in my opinion,
there are but two points at all eligible for this purpose — one on the
beach, due west from Sacrificiosj the other on the shores of this
anchorage.
I have already given you such information as I possessed in re-
lation to the anchorage at Lobos. It is perfectly safe and easy of
access. "Blunt's Coast Pilot" contains full and exact directions
for the entrance. Pilots can be procured, should they be deemed
necel^Fary, at Tampico.
I would advise, by all means, that the transports which pass Lo-
bos be directed to rendezvous at Anton Lizardo, instead of Sacri-
ficios. The anchorage at the latter place, uot already occupied by
foreign men of war, is unsafe at this season of the year; that of
Anton Lizardo, as I have before stated, the safest and best on the
coast, and sufficiently extensive for two or three hundred sail. No
».
. Ex. Doc. No. 60. 893
apprehensions are, as yet, entertained at Vera Cruz of the design
contemplated against the place. But it is to be feared that, before
long, the movements of the army and other indications may excite
suspicion. It would indeed be greatly to be regretted should so
favorable an opportunity of making a successful attack on the
town, as the present, pass without your being able to avail your-
self of it.
Accounts received here state that General Wool had joined Gen-
eral Worth, at Monterey, about the 1st of January. The forces of
Santa Anna had commenced their advance some days previously,
from San Luis to Saltillo. The return of General Taylor to Mon-
terey, which, from all accounts, seems likely, will probably have
the effect of retarding your movements some weeks.
I have the honor to be your obedient servant,
D. CONNOR,
/ Commanding Home Squadron.
Major General Scott.
» Hkad-quarters of the Army,
Brazos Santiago, February 9, 1847.
Sir: I despatch the sea-going steamer, the Eudora, with impor-
tant despatches to the senior quartermaster at Tampico, which you
will please call for and read.
All the transports for the reception of the 8,000 men, regulars
and old volunteers, here and at Tampico, were expected to leave
New Orleans the 24th ultimo, and to touch at this place, by the 1st
instant. But one has yet arrived! They were detained, first, for
the want of extra water casks, and, I now learn, by the mail from
New Orleans, for the want of seamen. Some of those ships, how-
ever, are soon expected here, and the quartermaster with me is
taking up some, at hand, to supply deficiencies, as the season for
military operations on the coast, south of you, is already short. A
due proportion of all the means of water transportation, we can-
possibly command, will be sent to receive the 5,000 artillery and
infantry, at Tampico, intended for my expedition; and I am very
desirous, also, of taking with me the Tennessee cavalry and a
greater number of the foot from the same place. The enemy having
captured, about the 11th ultimo, my full despatches to Major Gen-
eral Taylor, with copies of those to Major General Butler, some-
where between Monterey and Victoria, my plans, views, and means,
are now as well known at San Luis de Potosi, Mexico and Vera
Cruz, as at these head-quarters. Hence my exceeding anxietv to
take with me the largest possible number of troops, and my ex-
treme impatience at the non-arrival of sufficient transports. Some,
it is hoped, may be engaged at Tampico, and the instructions to
the quartermaster there are on that subject.
The new regiments of volunteers, to accompany me, are the 1st
and 2d Pennsylvania, the New York, the South Carolina and the
Louisiana. The whole, or a part, of those regiments has passed
894 . Ex. Doc. No. 60. *
south, except the 2d Pennsylvania. The South Carolina, it is sup-
posed, sailed, by some mistake committed at New Orleans, direct
from Mobile to Lobos,
As transports may arrive at Tampico, I wish you to embark the
troops under your command, as follows: 1. Twigg's brigade. 2.
Pillow's brigade, and 3. Quitman's. As I have heretofore said, I
shall give a brigade to Brigadier General Shields, unless the Pres-
ident shall have appointed some new brigadiers, with special in-
structions to place them in command of the new volunteers of my
expedition. The Tennessee cavalry, as I have also said, I shall en-
deavor to provide transportation for, independent of any brigade,
if it be now brigaded. My meaning is, that you will embark? that
regiment last, after all the troops on foot shall be afloat.
I shall throw all the regular troops, except the 500 cavalry, into
two brigades, under Worth and Twiggs, respectively; and, besides
your division, I may organize an independent brigade of volunteerg.
But I shall hold the organization of corps, larger than regiments,
under advisement, until I shall have consulted you. The brigades
of Worth and Twiggs will be equalized as near as may be.
I cannot leave this place for Tampico, &c., until some of the
cruel uncertainties, in respect to the approach of transports, ord-
nance and ordnance stores, shall be removed. Sixty odd surf boats,
out of one hundred and forty, are already up. I will make the
descent near Yera Cruz if not another should arrive.
When the Massachusetts (steamer) shall appear off the bar of
Tampico, please send a lighter to take me ashore.
I remain, sir, with great respect, &c., &c.,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
P. S. — Any volunteers, over and above a reasonable garrison for
Tampico, which riaybe obliged to leave in the first instance, it is
my intention to send for as soon as practicable.
W. S.
2d P. S. — I wish you to detain the Eudora for troops, and, per-
haps, part ©f her cabin may do for your head-quarters. The Mas-
sachusetts, in which I shall embark, will be filled with general staff
officers and officers of the line. I expect Majors McRee and
Kirby to join ccie. «
W. S.
Major General Patterson.
Memoranda for the commanding general. .
•
The six vessels fitted up, at New Orleans, for the transportation
of horses, will carry the dragoons and artillerists, with their horses,
and those of the general staff and of the field officers of infantry
and riflemen.
The six chartered and fitted up for troops will, with the Edith
and Massachusetts, carry the balance of the troops of General
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 895
Worth's divi-^ion; the Talbot, one of the six, having already sailed
■with upwards of 400.
The enclosed statement exhibits the number of vessels, now
under the control of the department, available for the troops to be
embarked at Tampico, with the number of men they can carry con-
veniently, and the number they might carry on an emergenc\».
From this it will be perceived that there may be a deficiency of
transportation, say for 1,800 men. To remedy this, in some mea-
sure, the Pharsalia and Medford, capable of carrying conveniently
from 8 to 900 men, might be forced into the service.
The quartermaster general, in his letter to me, under date of the
1st instant, states that seven vessels, freighted with water, had
sailed 'from New Orleans. Four of these may, certainly, be ex-
pected to touch here. He also makes mention of the Yazoo, a ves-
sel which, not having been chartered when I left New Orleans, I
can say nothing of her capacity. From these five vessels, however,
something may reasonably be expected, and, at the lowest average,
(they) may be assumed as capable of carrying 200 men each. Here,
then, is transportation for the 5,000 men to be embarked at
Tampico.
The master of the Louisa reports three brigs and several schoon-
ers in the harbor of Tampico, when he left, about a week since.
To write, therefore, to Major McRee, and require him to secure
transportation for 500 men certainly, and as many horses as possi-
ble— relying upon the former as certain — the Eudora, carrying 150
men and 30 horses, the whole or a portion of the mounted Ten-
nessee volunteers (500) might be provided for.
It is possible that one of the six vessels mentioned in the first
paragraph of this meaaorandum will also be available for the troops
at Tampico, They are represented as capable of carrying from 120
to 250 horses — an average of w^hich would be 185 — affording means
of transportation for 1,110 horses, whereas all the horses that are
to be embarked here do not exceed 850.
But if, as I infer to be the case, from a paragraph in a letter from
the adjutant general to the commanding general, shown to me this
morning by Lieutenant Williams, the ten transports expected from
the north have sailed, the means of transportation for 8,000 men
•will be abundant, independent of the Pharsalia and Medford, and
independent of two or three steamers, which may be used to great
advantage for other purposes.
Respectfully submitted.
A. R. HETZEL,
Captain and A, Quartermaster.
Brazos San Iago., February 9, 1847.
896
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Vessels available for the transportation of the troops at Tampico.
Steam ship Alabama, 400 men, probably 500
Do Virginia, 400 " " 500
Do McKim,* 300 '' <« 350
Ship Henry Pratt, 300^
Do Mary Flower, 300 [ " " 1,050
Do Prentice, 300 J
Do Diadem, 350 " " 400
Do Corsair, 206 " " 206
Do Saldanha, 175 " " 200
Do Brown, 150 " " 175
Do Pensacola, 175 '' " 200
Do Importer, 150 " « 175
3,206 3,756
A. R. HETZEL,
Captain and A. Quartermaster.
Brazos San Iago, February 9, 1847.
No. 12.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Ship Massachusetts^ off Lobosj February 28, 1847.
Sir: I left the Brazos tbe I5th, and Tarapico the 20th instant,,
having done much official business at the latter place in a delay of
some thirty hours.
But a small part of the transport engaged at New Orleans, under
my orders of December 28, 1846, to receive troops at the Brazas
and Tampico, had reported at the two places, and not one of the
ten ordered by your memorandum of the 15th of that month, and
the whole were due at the Brazos on the 15th of January.
Leaving orders at both places to supply deficiencies, by taking
up any craft — ships, brigs, and schooners — that might chance to be
in the way, I hastened to this first general rendezvous, where, as I
had heard, the small pox had broken out among the volunteers. I
was also anxious to learn what had become of the 2d Mississippi
volunteers, which regiment I knew had sailed from New Orleans
(without its arms) for the Brazos in January, its place of debarka-
tion, under my general orders No. 6, of the 30th of that month.
By the strangest misapprehension or fatality, consequent on obey-
ing a prior instead of a later order received, I found one of^he
transports of this regiment off Tampico, and the other two here,
neither having called off the Brazos, where the three ships had
been long, in our difficulties, relied upon to receive other troops.
* Now known to be in dock at New Orleans, and not expected here in time.
TEBaVARy 12, 1847.
W. S.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 897
The several detachments of thei Mississippians were, as I success-
ively came up with them, ordered back to the Brazos; but, con-
sidering the accidents and delays on this terrible coast, the ships
cannot be up with me again, with troops, in time for the descent.
Indeed, the season has already so far advanced, in reference to the
«sual return of the yellow fever on this coast, that I can now only
wait a day or two longer for Brevet Brigadier General Worth, de-
layed as above, and for part of the regulars, yet behind with the
great body of old volunteers, from Tampico. All the troops from
the Brazos are up, except the field batteries and the cavalry; anJ
I am very anxious to have, in the descent^ the whole of Pillow's,
Quitman's, and Shields's volunteer brigades, now reduced to an
average of about 430 men per regiment, but become quite efficient
from tactical instruction and habits of subordination. But, I repeat,
1 cannot wait more than forty-eight hours for any body, except
Brevet Brigadier General Worth, and Duncan's and Taylor's horse
artillery companies, or for anything behind; and two-thirds of the
ordnance and ordnance stores, and half the surf-boats, are yet un-
heard of, although Adjutant General Jones reported to me, on the
53d ultimo, that all those objects had been then shipped, and were
under way for the Brazos; and so he wrote, as I understand him,
that I might soon expect the ten transports, in ballast, from At-
lantic ports, ordered by you, as arranged with me.
Perhaps no expedition was ever so unaccountably delayed — by
DO want of foresight, arrangement, or energy on my part, as I dare
affirm — under circumstances the most critical to this entire army:
for every body relied upon, knew from the first, as well as I knew,
that it would be fatal to us to attempt military operations on the
coast after, probably, the first week in April, and here we are at
the end of February.
Nevertheless, this army is in heart ; and, crippled as I am in the
means required and promised, I shall go forward, and expect to
take Vera Cruz and its castle in time to escape, by pursuing the
€nemy, the pestilence of the coast.
As I said in my last report, (of the 12th instant,) I have not re-
ceived a line from you, or one written by your direction, of a date
later than the 4th ultimo.
I found here, the 21st instant, the 1st and 2d Pennsylvania regi-
ments, the South Carolina regiment, two-thirds of the Louisiana
regiment, (since ordered to join the other third at Tampico, as part
of the garrison of that place,) besides the detachments of the Miss-
issippi regiment, before mentioned, and a third of the New York
regiment. The latter is now complete, and an eleventh company
is plso up with the South Carolinians.
The first detachment of the Louisianians, under the colonel, (De
Hussey,) was stranded, as I heretofore reported, nearly opposite to
this island, but succeeded in reaching Tampico. That regiment, the
Maryland and Washington battalion, and one company of regular
artillery — the whole to be under the command of Colonel Gates, of
the army — were designated as the garrison of that city. Its Seld.
works are by this time finished.
57
898 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
It "vras the 2d Pennsylvania regiment that brought with it a case
of confluent small pox, and one of varioloid. By landing the
troops, and leaving the patients on board, by ventilation and fumi-
gation, the spread of the infection has been prevented, and the two
patients are again well. To-morrow, under the advice of a medical
board, I shall deem it safe to re-embark the detachments.
We find this harbor, against northers^ even better than I had an-
ticipated. One has now been blowing some forty hours, and has
brought down all the vessels ready to sail, that were outside of
the bars at the Brazos and Tampico. The next will take the fleet
to Anton Lizardo, whither I am sending off ships with surf boats,
in order that the latter may be launched, under the care of the
navy, and held ready for my arrival.
Captain Saunders, of the United States sloop-of-war St. Mary's,,
has rendered me most valuable services in general, besides landing
and re-embarking volunteers. The island has afforded them the
means of healthy military exercises, and tolerable drinking water.
The few surf boats launched are admirably adapted to the purposes
for which they were intended.
Herewith I send copies of letters to Brevet Brigadier General
Worth, and to Major General Patterson, together with the report of
the chief engineer on the defences of Tampico. Copies of many^
orders go [toj the adjutant general.
I have the hoHor to be, sir, with high respect, your most obedient
servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
* Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War.
P. S. — This letter is despatched by the schooner (pilot boat) Pi-
oneer, to New Orleans.
W. S.
Memoranda for General Worth.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Brazos Santiago^ February 14, 1847.
I leave you to finish the embarkation of your troops for Lobos
and Anton Lizardo.
The quartermaster's department here seems confident that it will
have vessels for all your troops in a few days, and also for 5,000
men at Tampico. I hope the means may be provided to take off
1,500 more from that place, with 500 horses of the Tennessee
mounted regiment.
Ships being off this bar, fitted up for the reception of horses, I
think you may commence at once to embark your cavalry and
horse artillery.
Every transport must be provided with rations, forage, and water
for thirty da^s, at least; but, sooner than stop the embarkation,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 899
twenty days' water may suffice for mtn and horses, the last to em-
bark.
Of the three steamers, the Edith, the Virginia, and the Alabama,
two are destined as transports from Tampico, and must be despatched
to that place with short intervals between them. By each of the
two, as well as by the third, with your own head-quarters on board,
I desire to receive information from you and the se lior quarter-
master at this place, of every thing interesting to the expedition I
am to conduct, viz: in respect to the new transports that may ar-
rive here, the ordnance, ordnance stores, surf boats, &c., of the ex-
pedition, as welj as intelligence of the arrival or approach of new
regiments of volunteers. — See my general orders^ JYo. 6, of the 30t/i
ultimo.
By the same steamers, as well as by all other vessels, sailing
hence to join my expedition, I desire that letters, &c., for myself
and the general staff may be duly forwarded.
I prescribe no particular day for your departure hence, in order
to follow me, but suppose you will remain here until your troops
have all embarked or are ready for embarkation, when I know you
will be eager to join me at Tampico, and, if I am not there, at the
general redezvous behind the island of Lobos.
Assistant quartermaster Captain Hetzel is instructed to follow
me, as soon as he shall have seen the troops in this neighborhood
embarked, with the land train, &c., of the expedition. He will
probably take with him assistant quartermaster Captain Wayne.
I wish you to be prepared, on joining me, to give the name of
each vessel having detachments of your command on board, to-
gether with the number of the detachment.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Major General Scott to Commodore D. Connor.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Tampico, February 19, 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your two
letters, dated, respectively, the 11th and I8th ultimo.
• I arrived off this place yesterday, and am afraid that I may be*
delayed some days longer, waiting for the arrival of a sufficient
number of transports to receive the troops in the neighborhood.
Many ships, with the materiel of the expedition, are also behind,
though believed to be near at hand; I hope, however, to be up
with you, off Anton Lizardo, before the end of the month. I shall
be in the United States steamer Massachusetts, with a pendant at
the mainmast head, of a blue ground, and a square red field'in the
centre.
I doubt not that you will have continued successful in obtaining
information of the enemy's numbers, racvements, and designs about
'800 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
the coast opposite to your anchorage, and for some distance in the
interior, up to my arrival.
With great respect, &c., &c., &c.,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Headquarters or the Army,
Tampico, February 19, 1847.
Sir: I am desirous that, after designating a competent garrison
for the defence of this place, the strength and composition of which
■will be given below, the whole of the remaining forces under your
command should be promptly embarked and despatched to the har-
bor behind the island of Lobos, some sixty m;les south of this
place, there to await further orders.
The embarkation will be made in the order of the rank of the
four brigadier gtnerals under your command, commencing with
Brigadier General Twiggs's brigade, and other regulars.
If possible, I desire that transportation may be found by the
quartermaster's department, for both the men and horses of the
Tennessee cavalry. Let that regiment be the last to embark; and,
if sufScient transportation should not arrive, embark the men and
leave the horses (to follow as soon as practicable) in the charge of
(say) . men per company.
When the embarkation shall have advanced as far as Brigadier
General Quitman's brigade, you will charge him, and in succession,
Brigadier General Shields, with the completion, and personally fol-
low me to Lobos. Should I have left that rendezvous before your
arrival, you will please direct all vessels of the expedition you
may find there to join me off Anton Lizardo, and follow yourself
to that anchorage; but I shall exceedingly regret to leave Lobos
before you are up with me. You and your troops, however, cannot
fail to join me before any descent can be made in that vicinity, and
I cannot dispense with such important aid.
The garrison to be left for holding and defending this position
may be — one company of artillery, the Maryland and District^ of
Columbia battalion of volunteers, and the Louisiana regiment of
volunteers; the whole under the command of Colonel Gates of the
United States 3d artillery. You will please give hira such instruc-
tions as the importance of the place evidently requires. His com-
mand will commence from the time that he shall find himself the
senior olficer of that place. His special reports, of course, will be
made lo general head-quarters, with monthly returns of the garri-
son. All ordinary returns will be made by him direct to Wash-
ington.
Besides the troops, mentioned above, for the garrison of this
place, there will no doubt be a number of men in hospital — inva-
lids and convalescents left by other regiments — found available in
emergency.
Please give instructions for saving on board the transports as
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 901
many subsistence casks as practicable, to be used as gabions to
colder lines in seiges.
I remain, sir, with great respect, your most obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Brigadier General Patterson,
Commanding^ fyc.^ ^"c, Sfc, Tampico.
Colonel J. G. Totten, chief of the corps of engineers, to Lieutenant
H. L. Scott, acting adjutant general.
Tampico, February 19, 1847.
Sir: I have to report for the information of the general, that I have
this day examined with care the works lately thrown up for the
defence of the two avenues into this town. These works are
nearly complete, and it gives me great satisfaction to state my
opinion that they have been planned with judgment and executed
with skill; nothing less, however, was to have been expected from
the officers who have been engaged thereon, namely: Captain Bar-
nard and Lieutenant Beauregard, of the engineers, assisted, for the
greater part of the time, by Lieutenants Coppe, of the artillery,
and Woods, of the infantry. Lieutenants McGilton, G. P. An-
drews, and Sears, are reported to have rendered valuable aid,
though for shorter periods.
Although these defensive lines were designed to meet the case
of a weak garrison, and much talent has been displayed in profit-
ing of local circumstances to that end, still, the space to be cov-
ered is large, and even a minimum garrison must consist of a con-
siderable body of men. I do not now take into account the value
of the object covered. If its importance be such as to justify the
leaving of a garrison at all, that garrison must be able to maintain
itself for some time, entirely independent of succor from without;
any less garrison we might expect to lose.
Knowing how important it mny be to other issues of the ap-
proaching campaign to take hence all the force that can be spared,
I have looked at the subject with a sincere desire to reduce to the
utmost my estimate of the numbers indispensable to an efficient de-
fence; but I have not been able to reduce it below the following
figures.
Along the altaniera front of the town, there are eight distinct
works requiring garrisons, varying, according to magnitude or
position, from 20 men to 120 men, each, at least — provision being
made for mounting thereon 26 pieces of artillery.
The aggregate of these posts will be 500 men.
Reserve of 4 companies 320 "
Giving 860 »
On the canal front, at the other extremity of the town,
there will be needed in these posts 200 ''
Total 1,060 "
making a total of, say, 1,000 men.
902 Ex. Doc. No. 60. . '
There should be a reserve on the canal front, also, of not less
than 200 men, making the whole force of that front 400 men, and
the total force 1,200 men; but, in my desire to reduce the estimate,
I have omitted this reserve, on the supposition that a body of at
least 200 volunteers may be raised at a moment of need among the
residents of Tampico.
Twenty-four pieces of artillery are actually mounted in the sev-
eral works, which ordnance should be left in the hands of the reg-
lar artillery only.
I have, therefore, in conclusion, to recommend to the general-
in-chief that there be left, for the defence of Tampico, a force of
not less than 1,000 effective men, with 24 pieces of artillery; of
which force, one full company, at least, should be of regular artil-
lery.
1 purpose leaving orders with Lieutenant Beauregard to com-
plete the defences at once, so that he may be in time to afford his
aid in the contemplated operations at Vera Cruz.
1 have the honor to be, &c., &c., &c.,
JOSEPH G. TOTTEN,
Colonel and Chief Engineer.
No. 12.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Of Lohos, March 1, 1847.
Sir: The pilot boat Pioneer, being delayed by the wind, yester-
day, enables me to say, that after closing my report of that date,
I had occasion, most unexpectedly, to issue the accompanying
general orders. No. 37, touching the reappearance of small pox.
It shall be followed up with the most rigorous measures to prevent
the infection of the transports or detachments.
Writing, before sunrise, a steamer and two other vessels are re-
ported in sight. The first has, no doubt. Brigadier General Worth
on board, and if the field batteries are in the other two, the signal
shall be instantly made for the fleet to sail for Anton Lizardo.
I have the honor to be, sir, with high respect, your most obedi-
ent servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War.
General Orders, \ Head-quarters of the Army,
No. 37. I Off Lobos, February 28, 1848.
1. Several new cases of undoubted small pox having been just
reported on board the transport General Vesay, of this fleet, the
three companies of the 2d Pennsylvania volunteers in this ship, ex-
cepting the sick, with the field company officers attached thereto.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 903
will be landed on the island of Lobos, with their arms, ammunition
and tents, the moment that the troops, now ashore, shall have re-
embarked.
2. If new cases occur ashore, they will be immediately sent on
board.
3. The detachment will, from time to time, land the necessaries
it may need from the ship, and remain on the island, until it and
the ship shall be entirely freed from the small pox in all its forms,
when, and not before, it will follow the army in the same ship to
Anton Lizardo or Vera Cruz.
4. The commanding officers, and also the medical officer of the
detachment, will be held responsible that the detachment does not
tring to the army the seeds of that prostrating disease, and will,
whilst on the island, as will also the ship, keep a yellow flag flying,
to prevent all persons connected with the army from coming on
board or ashore. If such persons present themselves, they will be
■warned off.
By command of Major General Scott:
H. L. SCOTT,
A. A. A. General.
War Department,
Washingt(fh, March 13, 1847.
Sir: Very little doubt is entertained here that, by the joint oper-
ation of our land and naval forces, the city of Vera Cruz will be
taken before this communication will have reached you, and it is
hoped that the reduction of the castle of San Juan d'Ulloa will
speedily follow. In the event of the capture of the castle, a ques-
tion may arise as to the disposition to be made of it. Shall it be
garrisoned and held during the sickly season, or be dismantled and
demolished? It is certainly desirable, on many accounts, that it
should be occupied by our forces. A small garrison would proba-
bly be sufficient to hold it; and the requisite number of acclimated
men, who would not be likely to suffer from the vomito, might be
drawn from the army or the squadron for that purpose. The castle
is represented to be much less unhealthy than the city of Vera Cruz,
and that the men assigned to the duty of garrisoning it, by frequent
changes, and going to sea occasionally on board of the ships of the
squadron, may avoid the ravages of the disease which is so fatal in
the summer months to strangers on shore. It is, therefore, only in
the event that the castle cannot be held without exposing the gar-
rison to the fatal effects of the vomito, that it is to be abandoned,
and not then, until it is dismantled and its armament removed.
The importance of holding possession of it must, however, yield to
the consideration of still higher obligation — a regard to the lives
of the men who must necessarily be assigned to that duty. What-
ever arrangements are found necessary, on this subject, will be
made on consultation and with the concurrence of the commander
of the squadron.
504 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
But it may be that the castle will be founrl in a condition to hold
out for a considerable time, after the occupation of the city of Vera'
Cruz by our forces, and that, in order to reduce it, there may be a
necessity of continuing the siege until after the period when the
vomito commences its ravages. Whether you shall delay to ad-
vance inio the interior until the castle is reduced, is left to your
own determination. It is the express direction of the President
that the army under your command should not be kept in a situation
where it will suffer by the wasting disease of that climate, either
for the purpose of co-operating with the navy in reducing the
castle, or to carry on any other military operations in that quarter.
Daring the prevalence of the vomito the troops must be placed in
healthy positions; and, to effect this object, you must, if unavoida-
ble, forego movements which promise successful results.
In the approaching season the diseases which prevail along the
gulf coast, and particularly at, and in the vicinity of, Vera Cruz,
are the most formidable enemy our troops will have to encounter;
and your best consideration will doubtless be given to securing
your command from its attacks.
Where you will find healthy positions, and among them, which
are to be preferred with reference to military operations, can be best
determined by yourself, and the choice is left to your judgmenf
and better knowledge of localities. Among those here who are ac-
quainted with the country there is quite a diversity of opinion as
to the extent of the region infected by the vomito. Some are confi-
dent that by removing our troops but a few miles from the city of
Vera Cruz, they can be placed m situations comparatively healthyj
while others believe that to avoid the scourge, so frightful along^
the coast, it will be necessary to ascend high up towards the table
lands. Should the former opinion prove to be correct, you may^
with due regard to the health of the troops, select a position which
will enable you to cut off all communication between the interior
and Vera Cruz, and thus essentially aid the navy in its attack upon
the castle, by intercepting supplies and reinforcements. It is, how-
ever, hoped that the object of the expedition -will be accomplished,
so far as relates to the city of Vera Cruz and the castle, before the
return of the sickly season.
If yoji should move into the interior, it is presumed that most of
your supplies must be drawn from the sea coast, and, if carried
through Vera Cruz, or some point in that vi'cinity, the person;, em-
ployed in transporting them must necessarily be exposed tie the
vomito. As the number of persons required for this service would
be large, a regard to their health is an important matter, which
w^ould not, of course, be overlooked by you, or fail to exert a
proper influence in determining the choice of your position on the
line of your operations.
The better opinion seems to be that Tampico is much less un-
healthy than Vera Cruz, and your attention is directed to it as the
base of operations, at least during the sickly season. It is confi-
dently said by some who profess to have a knowledge of the coun-
try, that there is a practicable route from Tampico to Mexico, but
I fear that this is not so. If there were a road for conducting an
Ex. Doc. No. 60, 905
army from Tampico to Mexico, on anything like a direct route, it
would be, perhaps, a preferable line for moving on the capital to
that from Vera Cruz. On the Vera Cruz road it is known that
there are several difficult passes, and we are apprised that the Mex-
icans are diligently employed in fortifying them. They can easily
be made places of great strength. It is desirable to find some other
feasible way of penetrating the interior of the country. In addi-
tion to the suggested Tampico route, in the practicability of which.
I confess I have very little confidence, another road to the south-
west of the main one from Vera Cruz, passing through Cordova,
has been indicated to me. I do not doubt that your best consid-
eration has been given to this subject, and that you will have more
full and accurate information to act on than can be obtained here.
The object of this communication is much less to make sugges-
tions in relation to your military movements, either from the coast
or other points, than to make you acquainted with the views of the
President in regard to preserving the health of the troops in the
insalubrious season which is approaching. He is very solicitous
that the valuable lives of the patriotic men who have, in a manner
so creditable to themselves, entered the public service to sustain the
honor and rights of their country, should not be wasted by the
ravages of the malignant disease, which, during several months of
the year, is so fatal on some parts of the gulf coast to those who
are strangers to that climate. Feeling, as I am aware you do, a
common solicitude with him on this important subject, it is scarcely
necessary that I should enjoin upon you to adopt such arrange-
ments and precautions as will be likely to afford the best security
to your command from the danger in this respect to which they
may be exposed.
The additional force, authorized by Congress at its late session,
will be raised and sent forward as soon as practicable. Some of
the companies are already fiJled up, while not much progress is yet
made in recruiting others. No avoidable delay will occur in send-
ing the new levies to the seat of war. The greatest solicitude has
been felt and the most active measures adopted from the moment
provision was made to raise the ten additional regiments and ex-
pedite their departure to Mexico; but from the late period at which
the authority was given by Congress, it is apprehended that a con-
siderable part of the fofce cannot be relied on for active service
for some time to come.
The President has under consideration the policy of raising the
blockade of all Mexican ports, as they fall into possession of our
naval or land forces, and to allow all neutral nations the right,
during such possession, to trade in articles not contraband of war,
imposing and collecting, under military authority, import duties,
when definitely settled. Instructions on this subject will be issued
to the commanders of our naval and land forces.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Winfield Scott,
Commanding United States Army.
906 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
War Department, March 22, 1847.
Sir: The information which had just reached us in the shape of
rumors, as to the situation of General Taylor and the forces under
his command, has excited the most painful apprehensions for their
safety. It is almost certain that Santa Anna has precipitated the -
large army he had collected at San Luis de Potosi upon General
Taylorj and it may be that the general has not been able to main-
-tain the advanced position he had seen fit to take at Agua Nueva,
but has been obliged to fall back on Monterey. It is equally cer-
tain that a Mexican force has been interposed between Monterey
and the Rio Grande, and that it has interrupted the line of com-
munication between the two places, and seized large supplies which
"were on the way to General Taylor's army.
If the hostile force between the Rio Grande and General Tay-
lor's army is as large as reports represent it, our troops now on
that river may not be able to re-establish the line, nor will it, per-
haps, be possible to place a force there sufficient for the purpose,
in time to prevent disastrous consequences to our army, unless aid
can be afforded from the troops under your immediate command.
From one to two thousand of the new recruits for the ten regi-
ments, from this quarter, will be on the way to the Brazos in the
course of three or four days. All the other forces will be directed
to that point, and every effort made to relieve General Taylor from
his critical situation. You will have been fully apprised, before
this can reach you, of the condition of things in the valley of the
Rio Grande and at the head-quarters of General Taylor, and have
taken, I trust, such measures as the importance of the subject re-
quires. I need not urge upon you the fatal consequences which
■would result from any serious disaster which might befal the army
under General Taylor, nor do I doubt that you will do what is in
your power to avert such a calamity.
A state of things may exist on the Rio Grande and at Monterey,
which will require that a part of your forces, after the capture of
Vera Cruz and the reduction of the castle of San Juan d'Ulloa,
should return to Tampico or the Brazos, to carry on operations
■from these points. It is here deemed of the utmost importance
that the line of the Rio Grande should be maintained, and that
Monterey should be held by our forces. You will be kept advised
of all done here to sustain General Taylor and augment the forces
under him. In ignorance of what may be your own situation, and
what may be required for the relief of General Taylor, I can give
no distinct indication of what is deemed proper for you to do, if
anything beyond what you may have already done, but must re-
quest that no assistance which you can render, without too much
hazard to your own operations, and he may need, should be with-
held.
I herewith send you a copy of a letter acidressed to General
Brooke. You will learn, as soon as it can be known here, what
action he will take under the authority therein given to him. I
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 907
also enclose herewith a despatch from the Secretary of the Navy
to^'the commander of our squadron in the gulf.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
4 Secretary of War.
Major General Winfield Scott,
Commanding V. S. Army^ ^c, Vera Cruz.
P. S. I have just received your letters, of the 28th ultimo and
the 1st instant.
War Department, April 12, 1847.
Sir: The gratifying intelligence of the bombardment of Vera
Cruz, and of the capture of that city and the strong fortress of San
Juan d'Ulloa, together with the surrender of the Mexican army
which garrisoned the two places, effected by the joint and cordial
co-operation of the army and navy, was officially made known here
by your despatch of the 29th ultimo, and others of a previous
date.
The expedition, so far as it embraced these important objects,
has been carried out in a manner highly creditable to yourself, to
the commander of our squadron in the gulf, and to the gallant offi-
cers, and brave soldiers, marines, and sailors, engaged in the diffi-
cult and dangerous enterprise.
In compliance with the direction of the President, it is ray pleas-
ing duty to make known to yourself, and through you to the army
under your command, the high gratification which this additional
instance of the eminent skill and good conduct of our officers, and
of the endurance and intrepidity of our soldiers, has given him.
This signal triumph of our arms has called forth rejoicings
throughout the nation, mingled with heartfelt gratitude to those
who, in winning battles for their country, are everywhere securing
glory and fame for themselves. That the possession of so impor-
tant a place in the enemy's country as the city of Vera Cruz,
strongly fortified and garrisoned by a large body of troops, and a
castle renowned for its strength and deemed impregnable by its
defenders, have been obtained at so small a sacrifice, is just cause
of admiration; an^d while millions of our fellow citizens joyously
exult at this splendid achievement, it is pleasing to reflect that so
few among us have occasion to mourn.
Though the sacrifice of life on our part has been comparatively
small, yet the nation has cause to regret the loss of some of the
bravest and best of her gallant sons. The tribute of honor and
respect, rendered by a grateful people, will embalm their memories
and assuage the grief of their relatives and friends.
I have the honor to be, with great respect, your obedient ser-
vant,
W. L. MARCY, Secretary of War.
Major General Winfield Scott,
Commanding army of the U. S.^ Mexico.
908 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
No. 20.
Head-quarters of thE Army,
Vera Cruz, April 5, 1847.'
Sir: My hasty report, of the 29th ultimo, made you acquainted
with the capture of this city and the castle of San Juan d'UlIoa.
I beg to offer a copy of general orders, lio. 80, herewith, as my
detailed report on the same subject. In the enumeration of the
active and efficient, I might have given the names of many junior
field officers of artillery, who assisted in the batteries, besides field
officers of infantry, both regulars and volunteers, who commanded
the working parties in, and the guards of the trenches. I may
yet supply these omissions, and others, at a future time, if I should
have leisure. Both officers and men acquired much distinction on
thoSe arduous and exposed duties.
This army was detained some six weeks at the Brazos and Tam-
pico, waiting for water transportation that had been, in good time,
specifically required, and it is now delayed by the non-arrival of a
sufficient number of wagons and teams.
Besides repealed and urgent oral instructions on the subject, I
beg you to refer to papers herewith, marked, respectively. A, B,
and C. The quartermaster general, who went from this army the
20th ultimo, to Tampico, to hasten on land transportation, returned
and is now gone again to that place, to the Brazos, and to New
Orleans, for the same purpose.
The chief quartermaster here reports 180 wagons and teams as
ready for the road, and 300 wagons, without teams, afloat. He sup-
poses many of both to have been lost in the recent heavy storms
on this coast, and I have reported, heretofore, that many of our
artillery and cavalry horses perished on board vessels, in the same
weather. In this neighborhood, notwithstanding every effort, we
are not likely to supply the tenth part of our wants in horses,
mules, and oxen. Towards Jalapa, (sixty miles,) the chances of
success are much better.
I am now organizing a movement of three or four brigades upon
Jalapa, and have only waited for the arrival of two steamers, from
Tampico, with mules for some sixty additional wagons. In the
mean time the city and camps remain free from signs of malignant
fever, and we may hope will continue healthy for weeks longer.
It is evident that the movement of any adequate force, without
the necessary supplies being well assured, might cause a return to
our water depots, which would be much worse than standing fast
for a time. When I commence a march, I shall wish it to be con-
tinuous—with such short delays, only, as may be necessary to oc-
cupy the National Bridge and Jalapa, 30 and 60 miles off, respect-
tively. At present, I apprehend no serious resistance this side of
Perote, (90 miles) it there, provided I can find draught animals
for a small siege train.
The conflict of arms between the rival parties, in the capital,
has ceased. I have undoubted information that President Santa
Anna is in full possession of the executive authority, and that
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 909
Vice President Faris has resigned, or been expelled. There is no
longer an opposing party in arms.
All the intelligent, the wealthy and the sober minded citizens of
the capital, and elsewhere, are anxious for peace — yielding to us,
as the basis, the left bank of the Rio Grande and Upper California.
With American commissioners at the head-quarters of this army, I
think it quite probable that by our arrival at Puebla, if not before,
we should be met by Mexican commissioners empowered to treat
on that basis. Other confidential information represents, however,
that the popular masses are in favor of continuing hostilities,
although the government should be hunted from State to State, and
from town to town.
To several of the prisoners of war of high rank, I made knorwn
the terms of President Polk's message to Congress, dated February
13th last, as also those of the act, placing at his disposition three
millions of dollars, all indicating the readiness of the United States
to treat of peace with Mexico, on terms just and honorable to both
republics. I took care to say that I had not been clothed with
diplomatic functions, but thought it probable 1 should soon be joined
by American commissioners, authorized not to make overtures, but
to be in position and readiness to receive overtures from Mexican
commissioners, and that, in the meantime, the army would continue
to advance, presenting at once the olive branch and the sword. I
have, also, made similar declarations to a very intelligent and in-
fluential person, who has just gone to the capital, and will, I doubt
not, labor to bring about pacific dispositions. I shall soon hear
from him confidentially.
Since my last report, I have received your letters of the 15th and
22d of the month before the last, and of the 13th ultimo.
I might very well controvert the military principles so confidently
laid down by the department, in the second of those letters; but
believing that the practice of the United States armies, in the two
wars with Great Britain, would have no weight in the particular
case, I waive further reply, having, at the moment, no inclination
and no leisure for controversy.
Being, by the default of others, thrown upon this coast six weeks
too late, in respect to the vomito^ I have been made to feel the
-deepest solicitude for the safety of the army.
Tampico is not less unhealthy than Vera Cruz, and Tuspan is
considered the worst of the three places.
There is no practicable route for wngons from Tampico to San
Luis de Potosi, except by Victoria and Monterey; but one by the
beach, through Tuspan, might be opened, at the expense of great
labor and time, from Tampico to Perote, or to some other point in
the national road, hence to the capital. That long line of com-
munication, yet to be opened, in great part, is, of course, out of the
question, and it could not be shortened by making Tuspan the de-
pot, for two reasons: 1. That harbor is the most difficult of access,
and, 2. When reached it is the worst for health. I might add, it
is further from Jalapa, Perote, and the centre of the enemy's re-
sources, than Vera Cruz.
910 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Our depots, therefore, must of necessity, be at this place. The
harbor is the best on the coast, and hence to the capital, is the best
road in the country.
With proper care, I do not apprehend any great mortality in the
garrisons (see herewith, printed general orders, No. 91) to be left
in this city and the castle of San Juan de Ulloa, nor among the
hired people of the quartermaster's and commissary departments,
because we shall principally, if not only, occupy the water front of
the city, separated from the inhabitants and open to the sea breezes.
On that front (looking to the castle) we have, at the extremities of
the city, forts (bastions) San lago and Conception, and near the
mole, spacious and well ventilated public buildings for the troops,
hospital and depots. I am satisfied that this arrangement is the
best that I can possibly adopt. A medical board has now a part of
the subject under consideration, and may change the distribution of
the troops, above indicated, a little — taking the cas.tle into consider-
ation; and I may throw down, for better ventilation, a part of the'
walls of the city. But the greatest source of malignant fevers will
be found in the want of ordinary cleanliness in doors, and in the
streets, on the part of the inhabitants. Every thing is doing, or
will be done, to correct their filthy habits.
The p-arrisons mentioned, will be strengthened by two companies
of the 1st infantry, which have been ordered here from Tampicoj.
Gardenier's and Plummer's.
One of the volunteer companies, Blanchard's, of Louisiana, men-
tioned in paragraph 1, general orders No. 91, lays a claim, which
seems reasonable, to be discharged next month, a year from the time
it originally volunteered, with so many others from that State, for
three or six months.
Points have been made in one of the old volunteer regiments here,
which may, possibly, be propagated throughout the seven, to this
effect: 1. That the regiment is entitled to be discharged in time to
reach home by the end of its year's service; and, 2. That as the re-
giment was all the sickly season, last year, exposed to the malaria
of the Rio Grande, it is now entitled to a discharge before it shall
ao-ain be more exposed to fever here, and at New Orleans, on its
way home. Far from entertaining such claims, I have taken meas-
ures to silence them, and to prevent their spread among other regi-
ments.
The seven old volunteer regiments with me, now become respect-
able in discipline and efficiency, cannot fail to give us much trouble
when the time for their discharge, and transportation back to their
homes, shall arrive. I am looking to that time, and hope for the
previous arrival of the regiments recently authorized by Congress.
With a reinforcement of eight or ten thousand men, from that
source, and recruits for the old regiments, at any point not beyond
Puebla, I shall, I think, take the capital in all the summer, if
not earlier stopped by a treaty of peace, or such terms for an ar-
mistice as will insure one.
The inhabitants of this city, under the excellent government of
Brevet Major General Worth, are beginning to be assured of pro-
tection, and to be cheerful. Those in the vicinity have suffered
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 911
more from green recruits, who much dilute the regular companies,
and from volunteers. My last orders, No. 87, herewith, against
outrages, have rallied thousands of good soldiers to the support of
authority. In the meantime, claims for damages, principally on the
part of neutrals, through their consuls, have been many. I am
without authority or means to indemnify, and can only feel and de-
plore the disgrace brought upon our arms by undetected villains.
One, however, a volunteer, has been tried by a military commis-
sion, composed, exclusively, of volunteer officers, and the sentence
(fine and imprisonment) is just and appropriate. A few other cases
are now before similar tribunals.
A word as to the demolition of the castle of San Juan de Ulloa t
I know of no other act, on our part, short of the wanton desecra-
tion of the churches in our route, that would, probably, more exas-
perate the Mexican government, and, thereby, diminish the chances
of an early peace. The castle was the strength and pride of the
people, who look forward to its peaceful recovery with propor-
tionate anxiety.
There is nothing in the articles of capitulation that obliges us
to preserve the fortress, and a slight garrison will hold it — though
not less unhealthy than the city — up to a peace. Some of the
beautiful bronze pieces taken with it and the city, (118 out of more
than 400,) I think of selecting and sending home as trophies.
Though held, liable to be restored, they need not be restored^
without the untrammelled consent of the United States. The small
number, probably a dozen, that I propose to send away, as tro-
phies— as good for that purpose as the whole — can neither of right,
nor otherwise, make any immediate or ultimate difficulty.
Other trophies — flags, colors, and standards — I am about to send
to you by Colonel Bankhead, selected on account of eminent
services in the siege, and partly because of his infirm health. The
number of those objects is small, compared witHi the strength of
the garrisons, which leads me to remark that the prisoners parolled,
and the stands of arms, &c., &c., &c., stated in general orders.
No. 80, were not therein overstated.
In the act of writing, the arrival, by water, of 180 mules is
reported, and I also 'learn that, besides an equal number from
Tampico, to-morrow we may hope to obtain some two hundred
from the country around us. These additions to our road train
will greatly aid the forward movement intimated above.
The land expedition that I set on foot the 30th ultimo, under
Brigadier General Quitman, in conjunction with Commodore Perry,
against Alvarado, and the works at the mouth of that river, has not
returned, though I learn, unofficiplly, that it will be back to-
morrow. The joint forces found that the places had been aban-
doned by the enemy, who left some guns, taken possession of by
the naval part of the expedition. My objects in uniting with the
Commodore were, 1st. To neutralize the inhabitants in that
direction, by assuring them of safety to persons and property; and
2d. To open a market for the purchase of horses, mules, and beef
cattle. I fear that we have not succeeded in the purchases. The
912 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
commodore had in view the opening a harbor for his smaller
vessels, and to obtain good water, &c., for his squadron. If the
enemy had chosen to defend his forts, at the mouth of the river, a
land force would have been necessary to take them in the rear.
But, I repeat, I am without any official report from either branch
of the expedition.
I have the honor to remain, sir, with high respect, your most
obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War.
A.
"Extract from a letter^ marked " confidential ^^^ from Major General
Scott to brevet Major General Jesup, quart erm,aster general,
dated
Brazos Island, January 11, 1847.
Should the attempt on Vera Cruz be successful, and the Presi-
dent obtain the new regiments proposed to be added to ourpresent
regular force, amounting, say, to about 12,000 men, a movement
will be immediately commenced into the interior upon the city of
Mexico. For this movement, transportation for an army of about
25,000 men, and for several pieces of heavy ordnance, may be
required.
The general desires me to say, expressly, that keeping these
contingencies in view, you will please make preliminary arrange-
ments to meet them — say, early in April. It is suggested, that,
possibly, a portion of the transportation, already prepared for
General Taylor, may be applied to this purpose, as his column will,
probably, be again' considerably reduced.
HENRY C. WAYNE,
Captain, Acting Quartermaster.
B.
Extract from a postscript of a letter addressed to Captain A. R.
Hetzel, senior quartermaster, at Brazos Santiago, by Major
General Scott.
I have already discussed and arranged with you the details of
the early land transportation train — say, of one hundred wagons,
with mule teams, to accompany, or to follow closely, the troops of
my expedition. If successful in making the descent on the ene-
my's coast, near Vera Cruz, I may, in a very few weeks, say in
three, need a much more considerable train of Avagons and packs,
sufficient for an army of (say) ten thousand men. A portion of
this large addition I may hope to capture from the enemy, or to
purchase in his country. W. S.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 913
Memoranda for Brevet Major General Jesup, Quartermaster Gene-
ral, U. S. Ji.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Camp Washington^ before Vera' Cruz, March 19, 1847.
A sufficient portion of the siege train for the reduction of the
castle of Vera Cruz, though due more than a month, not having
arrived, I can give no definite day for the advance of this army
into the interior of Mexico, say by the national road hence, to-
wards the capital. But I have every reason to hope that the heavy-
guns and mortars, (or most of them,) still due, may be here in time
to enable the army to take the castle in, say, the next ten, or at
the outside, fifteen, days, when I shall take up the line of ope-
rations as above.
For that interior march, a very heavy baggage train, wagons and
teams, and pack mules will be needed for the army, however
greatly I may restrict the articles to be transported with it. For
an army of at least 10,000 men, there will be needed, as early in
April as practicable, means of transportation about as follows:
Say from 800 to 1,000 wagons, with five mule teams;
Say from 2,000 to 3,000 pack mules;
Say from 300 to 500 draught animals for a travelling siege train,
including entrenching tools and pioneer tools.
Some of the draught animals, for all of the above uses, say
two-thirds, we may hope to obtain in this vicinity and on our line
of operations; but the wagons, and as many of the draught ani-
mals as possible, must be brought hither from our sources of sup-
ply— Tampico, the Brazos, and New Orleans. <^
In making the above estimate, reliance is placed on the country
within reach of our line of operations; for forage, beyond five
leagues from the sea coast; for bread stuffs, at thirty leagues; for
three days in four, and for the meat ration, five days in six. Not-
withstanding this reliance, it will be necessary to transport with us
much hard bread and bacon, coffee, sugar, and salt, besides com-
mon tents, at the rate of three per company; some wall tents for
the general officers and general staff, and the field and staff of re-
giments; a full supply of ammunition for artillery and small arms;
medicines, some hospital stores, and the personal necessaries of
officers; leaving many wagons for the transportation of the sick to
the next depot, and pack animals as well as wagons, for gathering
in forage and subsistence within (say) ten miles of our line of ope-
rations. The loss of draught animals may, no doubt, be readily
replaced, all along the line of operations, by capture and pur-
chase.
Besides the estimates above for land transportation, additional
means must be found for a reinforcement of at least 10,000 men,*
(new regiments and recruits,) expected to join me in all the month
of May, if not by the end of April.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
58
914 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
General Orders, } Head-quarters of the Army,
No. 87. S ^«^« ^^^^y ^P^^l Ij 1847.
Notwithstanding the strong provisions of printed general orders.
No. 20, proclaiming martial law, many undoubted atrocities have
been committed in this neighborhood, by a few worthless soldiers,
both regulars and volunteers, which, though stamping dishonor
upon the whole firmy, remain unpunished, because the criminals
i have not been seized and reported by eye-witnesses of the atro-
cities.
It must be evident to all who honor their country, or respect
themselves, that law and order cannot be maintained in the army,
'unless every good soldier shall give his personal aid to authority.
This was invited and expected, under that printed order, but cruel
have been the disappointments of the general-in-chief, and all the
good officers and soldiers of this army.
One more appeal is made to the ninety-seven honorable men,
against, perhaps, the three miscreants in every hundred. Cer-
tainly, the great mass ought not to allow themselves to be dis-
iionored by a handful of scoundrels, who scout all religion, morals,
law, and decency. Therefore, let every bad man be denounced in
his act of guilt, seized, and reported for trial, and this army will
march in triumph, and be everywhere kindly received, and sup-
plied with necessaries and comforts by the peaceful and unoffend-
ing inhabitants of the country.
As one preventive to outrage, and all officers will seek to apply
others, no man will be allowed to stray from his camp, or post, in
future, without a written permission, and no such permission will
be given to any soldier not known to be sober and orderly in his
^ conduct. This restriction upon the good, is the first evil brought
upon them by undetected criminals.
All killing of cattle, even for food, and all seizing upon poultry,
vegetables, and other private property, even under the pretence of
supplying the sick, must instantly cease, except by express order
of some officer of high rank. Arrangements have been made to
supply the army and its hospitals by purchase, and individual of-
ficers or soldiers must, each, purchase for himself, fairly and hon-
estly, as at home, all comforts not supplied by government.
By command of Major General Scott.
H. L. SCOTT,
^. Ji . A. General.
General Orders, ) Head-quarters of the Army,
No. 91. ^ . Vera Cruz, April 3, 1847.
1, The first infantry, and the two volunteer companies tem-
porarily attached to the first division of regulars, will, upon the
march of i\x& army hence, remain to garrison this city and the castle
of San Juan .de Ulloa, when Brevet Colonel Wilson, assigned to
duty according to his brevet, will become the governor and com-
landing officer oi^ these places. In the meantime, that officer, by
m
^1^
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 915
arrangement with the present governor and commander, may, with
his regiment, relieve so much of the actual garrisons as shall be
found desirable. Accordingly, he will report in person to receive
orders for his regiment.
2. With a view to a march into the interior, the baggage of. all
corps and officers will be, in the next two days, reduced to the
smallest compass and weight. Not more than three common tents,
principally for arms and the sick, can be allowed for the present,
to the officers and men of any company, and general officers,
general staff and field officers, will limit themselves in proportion.
All surplus baggage, public and private, will, accordingly, be pro-
perly packed, marked, and turned over to the quartermaster's de-
partment for storage.
Requisitions for means of land transportation, (wagons, pack,
and draught animals,) will be made upon the chief quartermaster,
by divisions and by the chiefs of the other branches of the general
staff, subject to the severest revision; and notice is now given that
any excess of baggage, public or private, will be rejected and
thrown aside by the quartermasters and their agents at the time of
loading up, or at any time on the march that such excess may be
detected.
4. It IS absolutely necessary to an early march, that all public
means of transportation, wagons, carts, horses, and mules, with their
harness, saddles, bridles, halters, and pack saddles, now in the use
itj of the corps, or in the hands of individual officers and men, should,
without delay, be turned over to the quartermaster's department,
which has instructions to re-loan three or four horses, in as many
extreme cases, for a very short time longer. This order includes
all such animals as may be held, under the pretence of capture, or
purchase, since the army landed near the city. Captured property
is always held for the benefit of the service generally, and no pur-
chase can be respected, unless witnessed, and approved at the time,
by a general officer or commander of a brigade, inasmuch, as if the
property be stolen by the seller, it will certainly be restored, or
paid for, by the United States, on demand and proof on the part of
the rightful owner.
5. If the foregoing directions be not complied with fully, before
to-morrow night, measures will be taken, however reluctantly, to
seize every object designated above, and throw the burden of pro-
ving a just private title upon the possessor of the property.
By command of Major General Scott.
H. L. SCOTT,
A. A. A. General.
Head-quarters 2d Dragoons,
Camp near Vera Cruz, April 4, 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to report to the general-in-chief that, in
obedience to his letter of instruction to me, dated April 1st, I pro-
ceeded, on the morning of the 2d instant, on the road to Antigua.
916 Ex. Doc. No. 60. .
My command consisted of two squadrons of dragoons, under the
immediate command of Major' Sumner; one section of artillery,
under Captain Taylor, and seven companies of foot, under Major
Bainbridge.
After reaching the mouth of the river, I found the guide fur-
nished me entirely ignorant of the road; another was procured,
however, from a house near by, and from him I learned that there
was a force of one hundred lancers in the town. The dragoons were
immediately pushed forward on the road, but soon found their pro-
gress stopped by an almost impenetrable barrier of trees and bushes
thrown across the road, and extending some twenty or thirty yards;
with great labor these were remoAted, as were also three or four
other obstacles of the same character, evidently so placed by the
enemy to retard pursuit.
Arrived at the river, the dragoons crossed immediately to the op-
posite bank; the stream was some three and a half feet deep, and
one hundred and fifty yards wide. The head of the column, on
reaching the bank, perceived some lancers escaping through the
main street, and chase was immediately given, which resulted in
the capture of one lieutenant and eight soldiers, with their horses,
saddles and arms; the dense thicket surrounding the town greatly
facilitated the escape of the remainder, (there were about forty in
all, I subsequently learned,) though some twenty-five of their
horses fell into our hands. Believing the enemy's force to be com-
pletely routed andvdispersed, I directed the artillery and foot com-
panies to remain in camp on the right bank of the river, without
crossing, which was done.
It is proper to remark that there are comfortable stone barracks
and stabling for one squadron of dragoons at this town, which ap-
pear to have been recently erected. It was doubtless the object of
the troop stationed here to prevent supplies of any kind being
brought to your camp; their dispersion may, perhaps, have the ef-
fect of opening a market from that quarter. Every inducement
was offered to effect this object, and the residents promised to con-
fer together, and do all that lay in their power to further your
views.
With regard to the other objects of the expedition, I beg respect-
fully to say that but little opportunity offers of procuring supplies
from the district in question. I was not able to learn that there
were any mules to be had on any terms, and cattle, though plenty,
would not be sold but at most exorbitant prices.
Believing no further good could be accomplished by a longer
stay, the necessary orders were given to return to this camp, which
I reached about 2 o'clock, p. m., on the 3d instant.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. S. HARNEY,
Colonel commanding.
Lieutenant H. L. Scott,
A. A. A. General, Vera Cruz.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 917
Head-quarters 2d Brigade, Volunteer Division,
Camp J Vera Cruz, April 7, 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to submit a brief report of the expedition
to Alvarado, with which I was charged, by orders from the com-
mander-in-chief.
My command, consisting of the regiments from Georgia, Alaba-
ma, South Carolina, a squadron of dragoons, under .Major Beall,
and a section of artillery, under command of Lieutenant Judd, left
their camp, about 3 o'clock, p. m., on the 30th March, and advanced
that evening to the mouth of Madelin river, when we encamped. I
had previously arranged with Commodore Perry a plan of co oper-
ation for the expedition against Alvarado, in which it was stipu-
lated that, whether resistance were made or not, the land and naval
forces would effect an entrance at the same time, and act conjointly
with each other. In crossing the Madelin river, on the morning of
the 31st, I was greatly indebted to the assistance of the navy, in
preparing a bridge of boats, under the energetic direction of Lieu-
tenant Whitwell, first lieutenant of the Ohio ship of the line. The
march, on the 31st, lay partly along the beach, through deep sand,
and partly over a plain country, in rear of Lizardo. On the 1st
March, f April,] we again struck the beach, and pursued it to the
mouth of the Alvarado river, with the infantry and train. I reached
the town of Alvarado, with the cavalry, on the evening of the 1st
of March, [April,] about half an hour after Commodore Perry had
landed there. In the mean time, when about fifteen miles. from the
town, I had received a* note from Midshipman Temple, of the
steamer Scourge, informing me that the town had surrendered, and
requesting the commander of the land forces to hold it. This
note is annexed to this report. Immediately upon my arrival. Com-
modore Perry expressed to me his disapproval of the act of Mr.
Hunter, the commander of the Scourge, in landing; and has, I
learn, signified it more public by the arrest of that officer.
My command was posted in the town during my stay there. On
the 2d, Commodore Perry, in the steamer Spitfire, proceeded up the
river to the town of Tlacatalpa, having invited me to join him. My
presence being required in Ccimp, I sent with the ejppedition Lieu-
tenant Derby, of the topographical engineers. Commissioners from
that town conferred with the commodore and myself at Alvarado.
They had made an unconditional surrender of their town and the
neighboring country to our arms, and prom''sed to furnish a number
of horses, at least 500, to the quartermaster's department, at low
prices. The town of Alvarado contains about 1,200 to 1,500 in-
habitants, most of whom, however, had fled on our approach. With
the surrender of the town, there fell into the hands of our naval
and military forces twenty-two pieces of artillery, some ammuni-
tion and military equipments, of minor value, all of which were left
in the possession of the naval forces on our departure, as the com-
mon capture of the naval and land forces. On the morning of the
4th of April, my command left Alvarado, and reached its camp at
Vera Cruz on the forenoon of the 6th, having again been indebted
918 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
to the active and prompt assistance of First Lieutenant Whitwell,
of the navy, and the officers under his command, in crossing the
Madelin at its mouth. I have the pleasure to report that, although
the leading objects of the expedition had been anticipated, by
the surrender of the city, the other objects designated in my in-
structions have been fully accomplished. The Mexican population
to the southward of this point have been conciliated by the exem-
plary conduct of the troops. On ray departure from Alvarado I
had the gratification to receive the thanks of the alcalde, the pura
and the principal men, for the protection afforded to them and to
their property. I feel perfectly assured that our march has made
a favorable impression upon the inhabitants. Communications have
been opened with the people of the fertile country near the river
Alyarado, and negotiations opened for supplies of horses and beef
cattle, in which the country abounds. Lieutenant Mason, of the
engineer corps, was detailed to accompany the expedition.* He
joined my staff, and performed, at his own request, the duty of su-
perintending the pioneers in the repairs of the roads, and greatly
facilitated the march by his attention to this matter. His report to
me, which is transmitted, will show the description and calibre of
the captured guns. Lieutenant Derby, of the topographical engi-
neers, volunteered to act generally on my staff, and was zealous and
active in the duties assigned him. For the order and good conduct
of my command, I am also greatly indebted to the active assistance
of Captain Deas, assistant adjutant general, and to the respective
commanders of the regiments and separate commands. Commodore
Perry, with his accustomed liberality, regards all captures made
jointly by both commands. I cannot close this report without ex-
pressing the great gratification which an official intercourse with
this patriotic and efficient naval officer has occasioned. I also beg
leave to present the valuable services which I received from that
efficient officer Captain Irwin, assistant quartermaster, who had
been detailed in that capacity under my command.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient ser-
vant, '
J. A. QUITMAN,
^ Brig. Gen. U.,S. ^.^ commanding, ^c.
Lieutenant H. L. Scott,
A. A. A. General,
Vera Cruz, April 6, 1847.
Sir: In compliance with your directions, I present the following
memorandum of the engineer operations, (infinitely small as they
"w^re,) during your recent march to and from Alvarado.
On the 30th of March I joined your command at about 3, p. m.
In less than an hour after, you commenced your march from your
camp towards Alvarado; the South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama
regiments, one section of Captain Steptoe's battery, (3d artillery,)
and a squadron of dragoons, under Major B. L. Beall, constituted
your command. Passing by this city, and keeping constantly on
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 919
the sea beach, everywhere practicable for horses and wagons, you
reached the mouth of the Madelin river the same evening. The
distance is estimated at eleven miles. Your force bivouacked there
during the night.
Next morning, at an early hour, you commenc\<^d your operations
to cross the river. Lieutenan-t Derby, of topograpi^ical engineers,
and myself went over in a canoe, and found that, at ihe narrowest
point of the river, the depth of water was between seven and eight
feet. Subsequently a ford was found at the beach. A bridge was
made at the narrows of the river, by the navy officers and men sent
by Commodore Perry, and the infantry passed there, while f.he
artillery, cavalry, and wagons crossed at the ford alluded to. After
passing the river, the beach was very difficult to artillery and
wagons, for a distance of about two and a half miles. The pioneer
company, ordered out by you, with great alacrity and zeal cleared
the road, removing and cutting the logs and levelling the steep
places. After crossing the two and a half miles alluded to, the
beach broaSened and flattened into a good road until we reached
Anton Lizardo. One mile this side of Anton Lizardo we should
have turned off from the beach, but we did not, owing to the igno-
rance of our guide. However, retracing our steps, we turned off
from the beach, and, at the spot marked (A) on the map herewith,
we came suddenly on a hill, whose acclivity was so great as to
reach the maximum of steepness practicable by harnessed wagons.
This caused some little delay; but the pioneer company soon con-
structed a tolerable road up the steep, and all the wagons and
guns passed it safely. We then entered a fine meadow plain filled
with cattle. We bivouacked that night at the point marked (M)
on the map.
Next day (April 1st) we marched from (M) Loscocos to Alvarado,
following the beach to the point marked (R) on the map. At R
we left the beach and followed the bridle path marked on the map.
This was, I think, longer than the beach road, and by no means so
good, the heat being much greater than we should have found on
the beach. This path being impracticable to wagons, the general
took with him only the cavalry and staff, the infantry, artillery,
and wagons following the next day by the beach road.
Alvarado contains 300 houses, and from 1,200 to 1,500 people. It
is protected against naval attacks by five batteries firing on the
river, but possessing no power of resistance to a force that lands and
attacks their rear. I will refer to these batteries, beginning at the
mouth of the river.
No. 1 is a semi-circular battery, with embrasures and platforms
for nine guns. All the guns gave over had been removed. A little
to its left was a redan, intended for two guns, but containing none
at the time I visited it.
No. 2 was on the right bank of the river. I did not cross the
river to visit it. My navy friends described it as a five-gun battery.
It was visible from No. 3, opposite to which it was, and seemed to
me to be as described.
920 Ex. Doc: No. 60.
No. 3 was a seven-gun battery, and contained all its guns (car-
ronades) excepting one long 24-pounder.
No. 4j just below the town, contained one long 24-pounder and
three carronades.
No> 5, triangular work for seven guns — three brass 18-pounders,
three 24-pounder carronades, and one iron 12-pounder.
On the morning of the 4th April we left Alvarado to return. We
reached this place on the morning of the 6th instant. No circum-
stance, on the return march, worthy of special mention now occurs
to me.
Respectfully, yours,
J. L. MASON.
General Quitman,
' United States Army.
No. 21.
Head-quarters of the ArmXj
Vera Cruz, April 8, 1847.
Sir: A vessel, unexpectedly, being about to sail this morning for
New Orleans, I write in haste, principally to forward by Colonel
Bankhead, a passenger, a package of papers from the acting in-
spector general, containing lists of prisoners of war' parolled,
&c., &c.
The movement upon Jalapa, announced in general orders, No.
94, herewith, commences to-day. Major General Patterson will
follow to-morrow.
This movement is forced, in reference to our very inadequate
means of transportation, but made in the hope of doubling those
means.
Jalapa is the first point from the coast which combines healthi-
ness with the reasonable prospect of obtaining some of the heavier
articles of consumption for the army: as breastufFs, fresh beef, and
forage.
Another expedition sails this morning for Alvarado, to ascend
that river some forty miles, with some prospect of obtaining a
thousand or more horses for cavalry, draught, and packs.
I have the honor to remain, sir, with great respect, your most
obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War. *
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 921
General Orders, ) Head-quarters of the Army,
No. 94. ) Vera Cruz, April 6, 1847.
Limited means of transportation being in readiness, portions of
the array will march as follows:
The second division of regulars on the 8th instant, and the divi-
sion of volunteers (two brigades only) twenty-four hours later.
Major General Patterson will leave one of his three brigades in
this immediate vicinity for further means of transportation, and
also the Tennessee dismounted cavalry until the arrival of their
horses. Both of these corps, for the time, will be under the im-
mediate orders of the same brigadier general, and the latter, when
his division marches, will report to general head-quarters for in-
structions.
The respective chiefs of the general staff will assign to the head-
quarters of each marching division, an engineer, topographical en-
gineer, and ordnance officer; an assistant quartermaster, an assis-
tant commissary, and a medical officer.
The chief quartermaster will assign to the 2d division, forty -five
wagons, and to the division of volunteers, fifty -five, for the entire
baggage of the officers of every grade, the regiments and compa-
nies. The interior distribution of wagons will be made at the
head quarters of each division.
Taylor's and Talcott's field batteries will march with the 2d di-
vision, and Steptoe's with the division of volunteers.
Colonel Harney will detach a squadron of the 2d dragoons with
each of those divisions.
A special requisition for transportation will be made for each of
those field batteries and squadrons, and one wagon will be assigned
to the medical director of the division, for extra medicines and
hospital stores.
Every man will take for his musket or rifle, forty rounds of am-
munition, and in his haversack hard bread for four days, and bacon
or pork (cooked) for two days. Fresh beef, with rations of salt,
will be issued on the march.
The utmost care will always be taken of ammunition and food
issued to the troops.
The chief quartermaster will send, in extra wagons, grain for the
saddle, artillery, and cavalry horses of each division, for four days,
and each baggage wagon will take grain for the same number of
days for its own team.
He will also turn over to the chief of ordnance ten wagons, and
to the chief commissary one hundred wagons, to be loaded by them,
respectively, with cartridges for small arms and subsistence stores.
These extra wagons will be divided between the two divisions,
marched with, and be escorted and guarded, like other wagons
attached to the divisions.
The quartermaster's and commissary's departments will take
prompt measures for the purchase and issue, on the march, of such
forage and subsistence as it may be practicable to obtain, as also
for the trains and escorts that may be sent back to this depot.
922 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Each general of division will receive a route of march and in-
structions from general head-quarters.
By command of Major General Scott:
, H. L. SCOTT,
A. A. A. General.
War Department, April 30, 1847.
Sir: I herewith transmit to you a statement prepared by the
adjutant general, showing the number of troops, of various de-
scriptions, which, it is expected, will be under the command of
yourself and General Taylor at the time when the volunteers, now
in service for twelve months, will be entitled to their discharge.
The statement also shows the manner in which the President has
organized the volunteers now in the field, and called out for the
war. The law requires that the President should organize the
volunteer force, and he has done so; but if the exigencies of the
service should require a modification or different arrangement, it«
will be made by the commanding generals to whom these troops are
assigned.
The number of troops for the main column of the army under
your immediate command, will not, it is believed, be at any time
diminished, but, on the contrary, soon be increased; and, by the end
of June, raised to about twenty thousand. The column under the
immediate command of Major General Taylor will, it is expected,
be full ten thousand strong. This distribution of our forces has
been made without such means as you possess of determining what
the service may require, and may, therefore, be changed, if the
public good demands a different allotment. On this point the
President wishes to be furnished with your opinion and views.
I herewith transmit to you a copy of General Taylor's letter to
this department of the 14th of March, presenting his views of what
ought to be the number and character of the column under him,
if it is expected that it should advance into the interior of the
enemy's country. He urges the necessity of having with that
column, in ^case of a forward movement, two or three thousand
veteran troops that have seen service. However desirable it may
be to strengthen his column in the way he proposes, yet, as the
brunt of the war will, most probably, be borne by the army under
your command, it would not, I apprehend, be wise to diminish that
description of your troops, and the number desired cannot other-
wise be obtained. Whether the suggestion of General Taylor can
be carried out or not, can be best determined by you. As the
general commanding in chief in Mexico, this, as well as many
other matters, must, of course, be left to your judgment and direc-
tion.
The statement herewith furnished will show the amount of troops
which the government hopes to be able to send to the seat of war, n
and it is believed you will have a sufficient force to penetrate the
interior, and even to reach the city of Mexico. What embarrass-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 923
ments may attend your forward movements, arising from the diffi-
culties of obtaining supplies and the means of transportation, can-
not be foreseen or anticipated here. The movements of General
Taylor's column will depend, in a great measure, upon the move-
ments of the main column under you. Whether it will be advisable
for him to employ his force to create a diversion, ot to move for-
ward, in order to form a junction with you, or to hold his present
line, or any other more eligible, are points on which the President
desires your views; and it is deemed important that he should be
favored with them at the earliest period. You will not, however,
delay, in the mean time, to confer with General Taylor in relation
to his operations, and give such directions thereto as the exigencies
of the public service may require.
The last communication from you, dated the 8th instant, and re-
ceived last evening, furnished the gratifying information that the
advance upon Jalapa had already commenced. It is most anxiously
desired that the army should be placed beyond the reach of the
pestilence which prevails at Vera Cruz and the vicinity, through
the summer months. I cannot too earnestly impress on you this
important consideration, or the deep anxiety here felt that all
possible precautions should be taken for the preservation of the
health of the troops. That portion of the new recruits and volun-
teers destined for the army under your command, must, unavoida-
bly debark at Vera Cruz. I trust you will make all the necessary
arrangements to prevent their detention at that unhealthy place.
Intimations have reached here that there is a disposition in sgme
portion of the people of the department of Vera Cruz, and other
provinces, to sever their connexion with the central' government.
Should this be found to be the case, you will countenance and en-
courage it in the most effective way in your power, but will take
care not to commit the United States to any course which would
embarrass our government in the negotiations for peace, or hold
out the promise of aid or protection beyond the continuance of the
present war.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major Generat Winfield Scott,
Commanding U. S. Army in Mexico.
924
Ex. Doc. No. 6a
STATEMENT No. 1.
REGULAR ARMY.— ADDITIONAL FORCE.
Organization of the additional military force into brigades and di-
visions, pursuant to the provisions of the first section of the act
authorizing the appointment of an additional number of general
officers J approved March 3, 1847.
[Estimated strength at 80 men to a company.]
Officers.
47
47
47
141
47
47
47
141
47
47
47
141
48
Total.
804
804
804
2,412
804
804
804
2,412
804
804
804
2,412
805
Aggre-
gate.
851
851
85-1
2,553a
851
851
851
2,553a
851
851
851
2,553a
853
Brigade. — To be commanded by Brig. Gen. Pierce.
9th infantry, raised in the New England
States Col. Ransom.
12Lh infantry, raised in North and South ^ Lieut. Col. Bonham,
Carolina, Texas, Arkansas, and Mis- > in absence of Colonel
souri ) Wilson.
15th infantry, raised in Ohio, Michigan, ( • u' „ «" rn i „i
Iowa, and Wisconsin 1.. \ i" absence of Colonel
' ) Morgan.
Brigade. — To be commanded by Brig. Gen. Cadwalader.
11th infantry, raised in Pennsylvania, De-
laware, and Maryland Col. Ramsey.
14th infantry, raised in Louisiana, Ten-
nessee and Illinois Col. Trousdale.
Voltigeurs or foot riflemen, raised in Penn-
sylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Georgia,
Mississippi, and Kentucky Col. Andrews.
Brigade. — To be commanded by Brig. Gen. Hopping.
10th infantry, raised in New York and
New Jersey Col. Temple.
13th infantry, raised in Virginia, Georgia,
Alabama, and Florida Col. Echols.
16th infantry, raised in Kentucky, Indiana,
and Illinois ^ol . Tibbatts.
3d regiment of dragoons — assigned to the command under Major
General Taylor.
RECAPITULATION.
Brigade ,
Brigade
Brigade
3d dragoons . .
Ten regiments
Total.
8,041
Aggregate.
2,412
a 2,553
2,412
a 2,553
2,412
a 2,553
805
853
8,612
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 925
REMARKS.
1. One of the major generals of the regular army (appointed un-
der the act of March 3, 1847) will continue with the main army,
under the major general commanding in chief ; and the other he will
order to join the army under Major General Taylor, who will as-
sign him to the command of a division.
2. Brigadier Generals Pierce and Cadwalader, with their brigades,
as seen above, are assigned to the main army, under the immediate
command of Major General Scott. All the necessary instructions
have been despatched, directing the reg-ments to join the head-
quarters of the general-in-chief, via Vera Cruz. Nearly all of the
companies, (except those of the 9th and 12th,) composing these
brigades, ought to arrive at Vera Cruz by the last of May, and the
two brigades should muster nearly 3,500 strong.
3. Brigadier General Hopping, with his brigade, and the 3d regi-
ment of dragoons, are assigned to the division of the array under
Major General Taylor; and it is calculated that the 10th and 16th
regiments will soon be filled, and be concentrated at Point Isabel
before the end of May. These two regiments should muster 1,600
or 1,800 strong, if not more.
4. The organization into brigades and divisions having been made
by the President according to law, he directs,, will nevertheless be
subject to such changes and alterations as the good of the service
in time of campaign may, in the opinion of the general-in-chief
commanding in the field, render necessary and proper.
General officers, m the order of rank, for duty with the ten regiments.
- TiT '• n -^>^^^ \ One to coutinue with Major Gen. Scott,
1. Major Gen. Pillow, ^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^ to Major General
2. Major Gen. Quitman,. 'y i^,
1. Brig. Gen. Pierce. — Assigned to the main army, under Major
^ General Scott.
2. Brig. Gen. Cadwalader. — Assigned to the main army, under
General Scott.
3. Brig. Gen. Hopping. — Assigned to the army under Major Gen.
Taylor.
By order:
R. JONES,
Adjutant General.
War Department,
Adjutant GeneraVs Office, Washington, April 26, 1847.
926
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
STATEMENT No. 2.
VOLUNTEER SERVICE.
Organization of the regiments of volunteers called out in J^ovember^
1846, and April ^ 1847, into brigades and divisions.
[To join the army under the immediate orders of Major General Scott, via Vera Cruz.]
Strength when mustered in.
Estimated
Total.
Estimated -
2,701
«
920 1
CO
833 (
> «
Estimated -
- 400
Do
- 160
Do
- 4D0
Do
80
2,793
814
1,042
740
160
2,756
Estimated •
- 800
Do
80
Do
- 800
Do
. 400
Do
80
Do
80
350
2,590
873
Estimated -
- 800
Do
80
Do
- 400
Do
- 400
Do
80
^%
2,633
Brigade. — To be commanded by Brig. Gen. Shields.
* 1 regiment from New York.
* 2 regiments from Pennsylvania.
2 companies from Pennsylvania, (to be raised.)
-Bng-ade.— [Vacant.]— Biigadier General to be appointed.
* 1 regiment from South Carolina.
* 1 regiment from Louisiana.
5 companies, (battalion,) foot, from Louisiana, (to be raised.).
2 companies, horse, from Louisiana, (to be raised.)
5 companies, (battalion,) foot, from Georgia, (to be raised.)
1 company, horse, from Georgia, (to be raised.)
[Assigned to the division of the army under Maj. Gen. Taylor.]
Brigade.— To be commanded by Brig. Gen. Marshall.]
* 1 regiment from Mississippi.
* 1 regiment from Virginia.
* 1 regiment from North Carolina.
t 5 companies, (battalion,) foot, from Virginia.
Brigade. — To be commanded by Brig. Gen. Lane.
1 regiment from Illinois, (to be raised.)
1 company, horse, from Illinois, (to "be raised.)
1 regiment from Indiana, (to be raised.)
5 companies, (battalion,) foot, from N. Jersey, (to be raised.) •
I company, foot, from Florida, (to be raised.)
1 company, horse, from Arkansas, (to be raised.)
5 companies, horse, from Texas, (to be raised.)
Brigade. — To be commanded by Brig. Gen. Gushing.
1 regiment from Massachusetts.
I regiment from Ohio, (to be raised.)
1 company, horse, from Ohio, (to be raised.)
5 companies, (battalion,) foot, from District of Columbia and
Maryland, (to be raised.)
5 companies, (battalion,) foot, from Alabama, (to be raised.)
1 company, horse, from Alabama, (to be raised.)
tTwo companies to be raised— 3 superr.umerary companies r.ow with regiment in Mexico.
;)'
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
927
RECAPITULATION.
a 2,541
a 1,753
a 2,596
a 350
a 873
8,113 volunteers called out in November last, and, now in
the field — sick included.
General officers for the volunteer forces^ in the order of rank: re-as-
signment to brigades and divisions.
1. Major General Butler, to remain with the army under Major
General Taylor.
2. Major General Patterson, to remain with the main army, under
Major General Scott.
1. Brigadier General Marshall, to remain with the army under
Major General Taylor.
2. Brigadier General Lane, to remain with the army under Major
General Taylor.
3. Brigadier General Shields, to remain with the main army, under
Major General Scott.
4. Brigadier General Gushing, assigned to the array under Major
General Taylor.
REMARKS.
1. Major General Butler will resume the command of a division
under Major General Taylor, when able to join the army in the
field.
2. Major General Patterson, now with the army in Mexico, will
continue in command of the division of volunteers serving with the
column under the immediate orders of the major general command-
ing-in-chief.
3. The regiments and companies marked thus [*j are now serv-
ing in the field; the others are to be raised under the call of April
19, 1847.
Recapitulation of strength of volunteer brigades.
Total.
Assifjned to main army, i i 2,701
under Major General > 5,494 <
Scott ) (2,793
Assigned to army under j f '
Major General Tay- i 7,979 <| 2590
^'^^ J t2'633
Brigadfe — to be commanded by Brig. Gen. Shields.
Brigade— brigadier general to be appointed.
Brigade — to be commanded by Brigadier General
Marshall.
Brigade — to be commanded by Brig. Gen. Lane.
Brigade — to be commaoded by Brigadier General
Gushing.
Total for brigades 13,473
928 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
REMARKS.
1. Of this force, (13,473,) 8,113 were mustered into service under
the call ma^e in November last; but, counting the casualties, it
may now be computed to be but little, if any, over 7.000. Compu-
ting the companies to be 80 when mustered into service, the addi-
tional volunteer force, under the call of April 19th, will amount to
6,480 men, of which 1,200 are assigned to the army under General
Scott, and 5,280 to the army under General Taylor.
2. Of the volunteers called out in November last, (8,113,) 4,994
are serving with the army under Major General Scott, and 3,819
with the division under Major General Taylor; but the casualties
of the service require a deduction of at least ^5 per cent, from this
number — [April 26th, i. e., during the first three months of service.]
By order:
R. JONES,
Adjutant General.
War Department,
Adjutant GeneraPs Office^ Washington^ April 26, 1847.
No. 22.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Vera Cruz^ April 11, 1847.
Sir: According to general orders, No. 94, Twiggs's division of
regulars (the 2d) marched for Jalapa, the 8th instant, and were
followed, the next day, by Patterson's division (two brigades only)
of volunteers; leaving Quitman's brigade and Thomas's Tennessee
horse. Worth's division of regulars, (the 1st,) and the siege train,
remain behind, from the same cause — the want of means of trans-
portation. (See general orders, No. 105, of this date.) Brevet
Lieutenant Colonel Martin Scott, and 300 men of the 5th infantry,
sailed, the 8th instant, to ascend the Alvarado some 50 miles, in
search of draught and pack animals, to be back in two or three
days from this time.
From the advancing columns I have yet heard not a word. Twiggs
must now be near Jalapa. I sent him, the 9th instant, a note through
the commanders in his rear, advising him that President Santa Anna
had arrived at Jalapa, with a force of, exaggerated by rumor, 6,000
men. I did not believe in half that number. (See the note ad-
dressed, in the first instance, to Major General Patterson, herewith
enclosed.) I however made some hasty arrangements to follow,
personally, at the first intimation that a serious conflict might be
expected. I still believe that none is to be expected this side of
Jalapa, or before my arrival there.
In the mean time, our means of transportation are slowly in-,
creasing, by arrivals from the Brazos and Tarapico; to be further
augmented, we have some reason to hope, from Alvarado and the
line of operation in front. Captain Irwin, now some days chief of
►Ex. Doc. No. 60. 929
the quartermaster's department, is displaying great energy and
powers of combination.
As the result of an increase of horses, wheels, and packs, three
heavy siege pieces will move to-morrow, and, I think. Worth's
division in twelve or twenty-four hours later. Again, please see
general orders, No. 105.
I hope not to be called to the front in the next day or two, when
my arrangements, of every sort, for this depot, will be so far ad-
vanced as to give to forward movements firmness of step and con- *
sistency- otherwise the army, without reference to the enemy,
might be in danger of retracing its steps towards this water depot,
in search of indispensable supplies.
I have good reason to know that the Mexican Congress have
secretly authorized President Santa Anna to negotiate a peace with
the United States; on what basis or ultimatum I may learn through
my agents in a few days. The department need not fear that I
shall, early or late, consent to any truce, without placing the
United States on a safe footing for negotiations.
The quartermaster's and commissary depaitments are in want of
funds for disbursements, and there is silver coin in abundance here,
in the hands of, principally, foreign merchants. They are willing
to cash drafts upon the United States, endorsed officially by me,
but demand that we should allow a premium of six per centum —
the amount already paid to Mexico for the privilege of shipment
to Europe. I have replied that, if the United States drafts are
not werth the full amount expressed on their face, that the United
States forces are strorg enough not to allow an ounce of the pre-
cious metals to be shipped to Europe, without my consent, or with-
out payment of a duty equal to the premium demanded. Hence
my order. No. 103, of yesterday, herewith enclosed. The money
is held for shipment in the next steam packet, British. This will
soon show that the United States are sovereign in the principal
Mexican ports, and bring our drafts up to par. Then I may, oa
the promises necessary, rescind that order, or take the money that
the army may need and give drafts, at par, for it.
In the act of writing, I have received the report of Brigadier
General Twiggs, with the addition of Brigadier General Pillow on
this side, of which I enclose copies. Major General Patterson,
who has been somr vhat out of health, had not quite got up with
Pillow, temporarily in the command of the volunteer division.
Four thousand men I think rather an exaggerated account of the
enemy's force this side of Jalapa. Nevertheless, by working all
night, I shall deem it best to be ready to go forward, personally,
early in the morning.
I have the honor to be, sir, with high respect, your most obe-
dient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Hon. Wm. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War.
P. S. I send copies, in English and Spanish,. of my proclamation
69
930
Ex. Doc. So. 60.
of this date. It is likelj to do mach good.
other papers, not specifically named abore.
I eocioM aiso son
W. S.
, New Oaleaxs, ^pril 23, 1847.
Sir: The accompanying package* was entrusted to my care, wit
instructions from Ueneral Scott to deposits it in the r- ' *^
New Orleans, if, '^n my arrival there, I should feel u .
cec'I ct once to Washington, via Mobile.
\n accordance with this dire'-tio.n, I send the letter by mai'.
>»eg leare.to state, in explanation to one of the orders eit!
(No. 108,) that i» was issued after 'he parties interested h '
ised to receive United States pap.r *t par lor the spee.
country.
I have the honor to be, with gieal respect, your obe«'«'
servant,
E P SCAMMON,
1st Liiut. and .i. Aid- it- camp
To Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War.
Glneral Orders, I ,
No. 75. S
HcAD-QrAETSaS OF TBC AftMT,
Camp }yasMii^tony be/ore I'tra CV«r, .Varr A 2S, lS4f.
As soon as the city of Vera Cruz slii'l be garrisi^ned bv ■
brigade. Brigadier General Worth will becume the temporarx _
ernor of the same.
Without dislurbirg the ordinary functions of the cttH mat
tracy, as between Mexicans and Mtxicans, he will «. -
police regulations for securing good order and good :-^^.
said city.
lie will also establish a tuaiporary and raoderal* tariff
subject to the approval of the general in chief and C> .
Perry, commanding United Statts home squadron, on all a:
imported by sta from co ...trits other tha» the United States.; ;
prcceedb of said taritT to t>e applied to the benefit of the sick a-
wounded of the army, the Si^uadron, and the indif^ent inhabits:
of Vera Cruz.
The tariff so to be established will be continued until the instr'j
tious of the government at home shi'l be made known'in li.
case.
Bv command of Major General Scott.
H. L. SCOTT,
.i. .i. .1 Gentrmi.
I
J-
* Genenl Scott\ <W!|MTr.>, above, a»l tks idwiag p«pecs» tLiraa tr-'^T-t
E^. Doc. No. 60. 931
The following tariff of ditties is decreed and announced for the in-
formation of all concerned:
Vera Cruz, Jipril 3, 1847.
1. All articles introduced by regularly appointed sutlers, Cwho
■will be required to exhibit to tke assistant adjutant ^ereral the
evidence of their appointment,) called and known as soldiers'
Tiecessaries, as also supplies of all kinds for officers, are Jw^y free-
out to avoid misapprehension or fraud, o// articles imported by that
class of persons will be entered at the cistom house, and arrancre-
ment macie with the collector for payment of duties on the wh?le
cargo, subject to restitution (or freedom from duty) of such artidlrs,
or the value thereof, as nay be sold to officers or soldiers. Said
articles or value to be certified and sworn to, in a manner satisfac-
tory to the colle»ctor, and in conformity with such regulations as he
may adopt, unaer sanction of the commander or governor of Vera
•Lruz and dependencies.
2. On provisions 5 per cent, ad valorem.
On wines, cider, ale, and porter, 15 per cent., ad valorem.
On all other liquors 75 per cent., ad valorem.
On raw cotton 4 cents per pound.
All other articles of merchandize 10 per cent,, ad valorem.
^ 3. Several foreign vessels having arrived and been under deten-
tion, before the occupation, are admitted under the fore^roin^ reg-u-
lations; but henceforth all foreign vessels arriving will be held
subject to such duties as said vessels or cargoes v/ould be required
to pay in any port of the United States, or to exhibit, before ad-
mission, evidence of entry and payment of duties in the United
States; but always subjected to, the additioaal duty hereby imposed
The collector of the port will draw up and submit for' approval
port regulations, which, when approved, will be duly imposed.
It iS further decreed that foreign goods, in deposit in the United
Staie.s, avnviug at this port will be admitted by payino- duties as
per lar.i: of the United States, the same arriving at this port in
American bottoms.
The foregoing regulations to be in force until otherwise directed
by the governor for the time being, or the orders of the govern-
ment of the United States.
W. J. WORTH, Governor,
Brevet Major Generrl Cornmandi7io-
WM. J. McCLUNG,°
Commander U. S. JVavy.
^32 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Orders, ? Heab-quarters,
No. 1. 5 « Vera CruZy March 29, 1847.
In obedience to the order of the general-in-chief, Major General
"Worth enters upon the duties of commanding officer and governor
of Vera Cruz and San Juan de Ulloa.
By order of Major General Worth, governor and commanding^
officer.
W. W. MACKALL,
» Acting Adjutant General.
^2As the sole civil authority of the city, I announce to its inhabi-
tants.that the actual governor has addressed to me the following-
order:
Orders, ? Head-quarters,
No. 3. \ Vera Cruz, March 30, 1847.
1. The alcalde will forthwith cause all citizens of Vera Cruz,
other than such as may receive special authority, to deliver up their
arms into his custody, reports of the same to be made to these
head-quarters.
2. The alcalde will cause every "pulperias" to be forthwith
closed, and none hereafter opened, except under special license.
And none to be opened after 6 o'clock, p. m., when licensed.
3. The alcalde will require every citizen to apply for a letter of
domicil, showing his occupation.
That the foregoing may be better carried into eff'ect, the first offi-
cer of this corporation will receive into the public warehouses all
the arms referred to in article first.
From the secretary of the corporation will be obtained such
licenses as are referred to in article second.
From the Lame officer will be obtained the letters of domicil re-
ferred to in article third.
The office of the secretary will be opened daily from ten in the
morning until tvo in the afternoon, and any person neglecting to
comply with the provisions of these articles will be liable to such,
punishment as may be awarded to his disobedience.
4. The Mexican laws, as between Mexicans, will be continued
in force, and justice administered by the regular Mexican tribunals.
5. In all cases arising between American citizens oi the army, or
the authorized followers of the same, a military commission will be
appointed to investigate the case.
6. All Mexicans will be allowed to enter and leave the city freely
between reveille and retreat.
7. Soldiers on pass can enter the city by the gates of Mercy and
Mexico, and at no other point, betweien the hours of 10, a. m., and
€, p. m. ; at the latter hour all soldiers, not on duty with the guards,
"will retire from the city.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 935
8. Mr. F. M. Dimond is appointed collector of the port of Vera
Cruz. Mr. Dimond will receive special instructions in respect to
his duties.
9. The following regulations will be observed by the collector
in respect to army sutlers, &c. All soldiers' and officers' necessa-
ries, (a list of which will be hereafter furnished.) are to be free of
duties; all goods of general merchandise are to be subjected to the
same duties as are imposed upon other merchants; the tariff of du-
ties to be immediately arranged.
10. The collector will make to this office, weekly, a detailed ac-
count of receipts, and pay out no moneys collected, without the
written approval and sanction of the governor and commanding
general.
11. The collector will execute a bond, in the usual form, in the
sum and security of one thousand dollars.
By order of Major General Worth, governor and commanding'
general.
W. W. MACKALL,
Acting Adjutant General.
Orders, ^ Headquarters,
No. 4. 5 Vera Cruz, March 31, 1847.
1. All persons, whether neutrals or natives, who received, in de-
posite, public property, such as munitions of war, tobacco, &c.,
during the siege, or since the occupation of Vera Cruz and its de-
pendencies, will, forthwith, deliver the same to the custody of the
following officers, appointed for that purpose, to wit: Lieutenant
Colonels Childs and Duncan.
2. C. Markoe is appointed notary public, and invested with all
the powers and authority attached to that officer under the laws of
Louisiana, and the Mexican laws.
3. Felix Peters is appointed inspector of revenue, with all the
powers and authority attached to that office under the laws of the
United States.
By order of Major General Worth, governor and commanding"
officer.
W. W. MACKALL,
^ Acting Adjutant General.
Orders, ) Head-quarters,
No. 5. \ Vera Cruz, April 1, 1847.
1. Senor Ramer P. Vela, finding it necessary to leave the city to-
attend to his private affairs, desires to relinquish the office of al-
■ calde, in which capacity he ceSises to act, from this date.
2. Lieutenant Colonel Holzinger is hereby named and appointed
934 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
alcalde, with all the honors which, by the Mexican laws, apper-
tain to his office.
3. Jonas N. Levy is appointed harbor master, in connexion with
the customs.
By order of Major General Worth, governor and commanding-
officer.
WM. W. MACKALL, A. A.^G.
Orders, 1 Headquarters, •
:N^o. 6. \ Vera Cruz, April 1, 1847.
1. To prevent exactions which fall principally on people in mod-
erate, or indigent circumstances, after consultation with the civil
authorities, the following tariff of prices for the necessaries and
comforts of life is decreed and ordered:
1. Eread, loaf of 12 ounnes 12^ cents^.
2. Beef ,.... 12i " per poundl
3. Mutton 18| " "
4. Venison 12i " "
5. Pork 12^ «' "
6. Milk 6| " per quartillo.
2. Every exaction beyond the foregoing regulations, will subject
the offender to be debarred the privilege of vending, and to a fine
of te7i dollars for %ach offence.
3. Army lasat contractors are prohibited vending meat except as-
required under their contracts, and to officers and followers of the
ariiiv of the United States.
By order of Major General Worth, governor and commanding
officer. ,
W. W. MACKALL, A. A. G.
Orders, \ • Head-quarters,
No. 7. I Vera Cruz, April 1, 1847.
1. Juan Bell and Mr. Gallis are authorized to keep fondas, with
privilege to vend liquors to be used therein, for Avhich privilege
each is to pay into the city treasury monthly, in advance, fifty
dolkrs.
2. Senibrelo, Bonificio, and Harry Eyans, are authorized to open
cafes, without privilege of keeping or vending liquors, to pay tea
dollars per month for said privilege.
3. Any and every unauthorized person who shall be detected iii
keeping liquors for sale by retail, or vending the same, shall, be-
side a forfeiture of stock, be subjected to a fine of two hundred
dollars and imprisonment.
By order of Major General Worth, governor and commanding
officer.
V^. W. MACKALL, A. A. G.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 935
General Orders, ? Head-quarters of the Army,
No. 101. I Vera Cruz, April 9, 1847.
1st. Before a military commission, convened at this place by gen-
eral orders, Nos. 83, 88 and 90, headquarters of the army, and of
"which Lieutenant Colonel Anderson, 1st Tennessee foot, is presi-
i'rnt, was tried Isaac Kirk, a free man of color, a resident of the
bulled States of America, charged as follows:
Charge Isi.—Rape.
Specification. — In this, that the said Isaac Kirk, colored man and
a citizen of the United States, did commit, or attempt to commit, a
rape on the person of Maria Antonias Gallegas, a Mexican woman,
on or nbout the 4th of April, A. D. 1847, on the road between the
ruins of Malibran and her residence, called "La Boticana,"
(Mexico.)
Charge 2d.— Theft.
Specification. — In this, that the said Isaac Kirk, a colored man,
and a citizen of the Uiiited States, did, on or about the 4th of
April, A. D. 1847, steal from Maria Antonias Gallegas, the sum of
ten dollars and a comb; this on the road between Malibran and her
residence, called "La Boticana," (Mexico.)
To all which the accused pleaded not guilty.
Sciitence.
The commission found the accused, Isaac Kirk, guilty as
charged, and sentenced him — four fifths of all the members present
concurring therein — to be hanged by the neck until dead; and
that such execution take place at such time and place as the
general-in-chief may appoint, and may God have mercy on his
soul.
4th. The general-in-chief approves the proceedings and sentence
in the case of Isaac Kirk. The sentence will be carried into exe-
cution at such hour to-morrow, and such place without the walls,
as may be designated by the governor of the city, who is requested
to cause this order to be executed, and also to cause public notice
to be given of the same in the Spanish language.
By command of Major General Scott:
H. L. SCOTT,
A. A. General.
Olficial:
W. W. MACKALL,
A. A. General.
936 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Orders, ) Head-quarters,
No. 6. I Vera Cruz, April 9, 1847.
The sentence awarded in the case of Isaac Kirk, approved by
the general commanding-in-chief the armies of the United States,
will be carried into execution, at 5 o'clock, p. m., to-morrow, be-
yond the city walls, and west of the road leading from the gate de
Merced.
By order of Major General Worth, governor and commanding
general.
W. W. MACKALL,
A. A. General.
• Head-quarters of the Army,
Vera Cruz, April 9, 1847.*
Sir: I send you a paper giving information whifh, I think, may
be confided in to some extent.
If you are, contrary to rcy hopes, unable, from bad health, to
proceed with your marching division, send these papers forward to
Brigadier General Twiggs, to be shown, in passing, to Brigadier
General Pillow.
If the former should ask for reinforcements from your division,
you or Brigadier General Pillow will please hasten forward the
field battery of Captain Wall, (the 12-pounder battery,) together
with the squadron of cavalry with the same division, and follow
without delay with your infantry.
Should I receive information from you, Brigadier General Pil-
low, or Brigadier General Twiggs in front, confirming that I now
communicate, I shall immediately proceed to the front of our ad-
vancing forces.
If you are detained, or likely to be detained, I need not say that
your written instructions from me should be immediately transferred
to Brigadier General Pillow.
Please send me word, orally, what is the state of your personal
health, and let this note and the accompanying papers go lorward,
as above, without delay.
With great respect, &c., &c.,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Major General Patterson,
United States army, Sfc, ^c.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 937
Head-quarters of the Army,
Vera Cruz, April 11, 1847.
Major General Scott ^ g en eral-in- chief of the armies of the United
States of America:
To the good people of Mexico.
PROCLAMATION.
Mexicans! At the head of a powerful army, soon to be doubled,
a part of which is advancing 'upon your capital, and with another
army under Major General Taylor, in march from Saltillo to-
wards San Luis de Potosi, I think myself called upon to address
you.
Mexicans! Americans are not your enemies, but the enemies, for
a time, of the men who, a year ago, misgoverned you, and brought
about this unnatural war between two great republics. We are the
friends of the peaceful inhabitants of the country we occupy, and
the friends of your holy religion, its hierarchy, and its priesthood.
The same church is found in all parts of our own country, crowded
with devout Catholics, and respected by our government, laws, and
people.
For the church of Mexico, the unoffending inhabitants of the
country, and their property, I have, from the first, done everything
in my power to place them under the safe guard of martial law,
against the few bad men in this army.
My orders to that effect, known to all, are precise and rigorous.
Under them, several Americans have already been punished, by
fine, for the benefit of Mexicans, besides imprisonment; and one,
for a rape, has been hung by the neck.
Is this not a proof of good faith and energetic discipline? Other
proofs shall be given as often as injuries to Mexicans may be de-
tected.
On the other hand, injuries committed by individuals, or parties
of Mexico, not belonging to the .public forces, upon individuals,
small parties, trains of wagons and teams, or of pack mules, or
on any other person or property belonging to this army, contrary
to the laws of war, shall be punished with rigor; or, if the parti-
cular offenders be not delivered up by the Mexican authorities, the
punishment shall fall upon entire cities, towns, or neighborhoods.
Let, then, all good Mexicans remain at home, or at their peace-
ful occupations; but they are invited to bring in for sale, horses,
mules, beef, cattle, corn, barley, wheat, flour for bread, and vege-
tables. Cash will be paid for everything this army mr;y take or
purchase, and protection will be given to all sellers. The Ameri-
cans are strong enough to offer these assurances, which, should
Mexicans wisely accept, this war may soon be happily ended, to
the honor and advantage of both belligerents. Then the Ameri-
cans, ha\ing converted enemies into friends, will be happy to take
leave of Mexico, and return to their own country.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
938 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Statement of JSTicholas Dorichy an agent of Colonel Kinney ^ viz:
"Nicholas Dorich states, that when General Twiggs passed
through Boca Potraza, he did not permit him (Dorich) to be mo-
lested, and that his division was furnished with beef, cattle, &c.;
but, when General Patterson's division came along, the volunteers
entered his house with an axe, cut down his doors, and he showed
them that he was a Spaniard, and had a b'panish security; the sol-
diers tore it up; and a captain came in to prevent him from being
hurt, and the soldiers struck the captain and knocked him down,
and then attacked him, (Nicholas Dorich,) and hurt him in the face,
arm and leg. Then the American officer told him that he could
not protect him; that, as he saw, the men were very bad; he (Nich-
olas) then ran away to the woods, and they (the soldiers) overtook
him and stripped him of all his clothes. That same evening he
came across some of our men who, finding him naked and scratched,
gave him a pair of shoes and a shirt.
" General Patterson was furnished, by the officers who witnessed
these things, with a certificate of the treatment he had received;
of the fact that he had been robbed; also, the certificate gave the
companies to which the men belonged, and he thinks their names.
They took from him about $500 in American gold and silver, which
had been paid to him by Colonel Kinney and Mr. Dawley for mules
and cattle. When he called on General Patterson, he was sick,
but he told him not to be concerned, that he would be reim-
bursed.
" In consequence of this, (the outrage,) tlie people have lost the
confidence they had previously, and have gone into the woods.
" They destroyed everything, even his well, though he had sup^
plied them with water and everything they wanted. They took off
six mules, too, and six asses. He gave one rnan a horse, saddle,
and bridle, because he had prevented the others from killing him.
After he got into the woods, they shot at him twice. One soldier^
for trying to protect our lives and property, was wounded with a
bayonet. Another died, from what cause I don't know, as I was
in the woods. I had gathered up some three hundred horses, mules,
and cattle, for the array, but owing to this disturbance, I turned
them loose, as did another man who was collecting for the same
purpose. He thinks these men belonged to the New York regiment,
but does not know. As the general (Twiggs) passed his house, he
(ihe general) ordered him not to sell lic.uor. When these men came
up, they asked for whiskey; he told them he had none; they threa-
tened to kill him unless he gave them some. He says the whole
road is lined with volunteers, in pariies of 4, 5, and 6. Although
the officers came up after the first outrage, they told him that the
men knew he had liquoj, and that they could do nothing with them,
and told him to let them have liquor, which he did. The officers
took it out. Then this party went away, and the following de-
stroyed everything.
I The above named Nicholas Dorich was employed, by me to far-
I nish supplies for the use of the United States army, which he has
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 939
done, together with Don Manuel Garcia, to [a] considerable extent,
and I believe his statement true.-
H. L. KINNEY.
General Orders, ? Head- quarters or the Aiimy,
No. 103. I Vera Cruz, April 10, 1847.
Pending the possession of any port of the republic of Mexico,
by the forces of the United States of America, not an ounce of gold
or silver shall be shipped from the same, without a regular clear-
ance from its collector, who will charge, for the benefit of the
United States treasury, an export Cxxxiy of six per centum upon
every such clearance and shipment.
•By command of Major General Scott.
H. L. SCOTT,
Ji. Ji. A. General.
General Orders, ? Head-quarters of the Army,
No. 108. \ Vera Cruz, April 12, 1847.
General Orders, No. 103, oX the ICth instant, respecting the ship-
ment of gold aad silver, is suspended, and will so remain suspended,
as long as the drafts of the chief disbursing officers with this
array, on the principal cities of the United States, at short sight
(say from three to five days) can be cashed at par.
The present chief disbursing officers, alluded to above, are Cap-
tain J. R. Irwin, quartermaster, Captain J. B. Grayson, commissary,
and Major E. Ivirby, paymaster.
By command of Major General Scott.
H. L. SCOTT,
A. A. A. General.
National Bridge, April 11, 1847.
Sir: I have received General Scott's letter to General Patter-
son, of the 9th instant. I cannot determine what Santa Anna's
force is. nor could I be certain he was at Jalapa, or the vicinity,
until yesterday evening. His force is variously stated from two to
thirteen thousand; all the information, of course, from Mexicans,
and not to he relied on. One thing seerns to be certain, that the
pass between this f;i!u Jalana will be disputed. I have no doubt
but I shall reach the latter place with my command. The weather
has been so very warm that it is difficult to get the men on. Sev-
enty-five was absent yesterday afternoon at inspection; many came
up during the night. I shall reach "Plan del Rio" this evening,
where the advance of the Mexicans are posted. All, or nearly all,
of the inhabitants have left their homes, which to me is the
strongest proof that they think a fight is near at hand. Captain
940 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Johnson, topographical engineers, who has been in the advance,
and questioned most of the Mexicans, thinks Santa Anna's force
cannot exceed four thousand. To-morrow (the 12th) we shall be
able to state with more certainty the position of the Mexicans.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
D. E. TWIGGS,
Brigadier General U. S. Army.
Captain H. L, Scott,
Adjutant General U. S. Army.
General: I have, from three different Mexicans, who had not
seen each other, information of the pass being in possession of the
enemy in some force. The only question is as to hio forces. I do
not believe he is as strong as yotjr information represented. But
that there are troops under arms, and in possession of the pass,
cannot be doubted. My information states that General Langardo
compelled one thousand of the troops, embraced in the capitula-
tion at Vera Cruz, to take up arms.
Respectfully,
GID. J. PILLOW,
Brigadier General U. S. Army.
War Department,
Washington^ April 14, 1847,
Sir: The President has commissioned Brigadier Generals Pil-
low and Quitman, Major Generals, and they have been ordered to
report to you for duty. It is the expectation of the President that
they will be assigned to duty with the colamn of the army in
Mexico under your immediate command.
I have the honor to be, with great respect, your obedient ser-
vant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Scott,
Commanding^ fyc. *
[Confidential.]
War Department,
Washington, April 14, 1847.
Sir: The signal successes which have attended our military
operations since the commencement of the present war, would
seem to justify the expectation that Mexico will be disposed to
offer fair terms of accommodation. With a view to a result so
desirable, the President has commissioned Nicholas P. Trist, esq..
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 941
of the State Department, to proceed to your head-quarters or to
the squadron, as to him may seem most convenient, and be in readi-
ness to receive any proposal which the enemy may see fit to make
for the restoration of peace.
Mr. Trist is clothed with such diplomatic powers as will au-
thorize him to enter into arrangements with the government of
Mexico for the suspension of hostilities. Should he make known
to you, in writing, that the contingency has occurred, in conse-
quence of which the President is willing that further active mili-
tary operations should cease, you will regard such notice as a
direction from the President to suspend them until further orders
from this department, unless continued or recommenced by the
enemy; but in so doing, you will not retire from any place you
may occupy, or abstain from any change of position which you
may deem necessary to the health or safety of the troops under
your command, unless, on consultation with Mr. Trist, a change in
the position of your forces should be deemed necessary to the suc-
cess of the negotiations for peace. Until hostilities, as herein pro-
posed, shall be intermitted, you will continue to carry on your
operations with energy, and push your advantages as far as your
means will enable you to do.
Mr. Trist is also the bearer of a despatch to the secretary of for-
eign affairs of the government of Mexico, in reply to one addressed
to the Secretary of State here. You will transmit that despatch to
the commander of the Mexican forces, with a request that it may
be laid before his government, at the same time giving information
that Mr. Trist, an officer from our department for foreign affairs,
next in rank to its chief, is at your head-quarters or on board the
squadron, as the case may be.
You will afford Mr. Trist all the accommodation and facilities
in you power to enable him to accomplish the objects of his mis-
sion.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Winfield Scott,
Commanding the army of the U. S., Mexico.
P. S. Should a suspension of hostilities take place, you will
lose no time in communicating the fact to Major General Taylor.
War Department, May 14, 1847.
Sir: It affords me pleasure to be the medium of communicating
to you, and through you, to the army under your command, the ac-
companying preamble and resolutions adopted by the common
council of the city of New York, unanimously expressing their ap-
preciation of the skill and valor of the officers and men, as therein
named in said resolutions.
942 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
A coDy of these resolutions has been transmitted to Major Gen-
eral Taylor.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Winfield Scott,
Commanding U. S. Army^ Mexico.
War Department, May 17, 1847.
Sir: I am directed by the President to call your attention to the
seventeenth section of the act of Congress entitled " An act to
make provision for an additional number of general officers and for
other purposes," passed on the 3d of March last, and to request
you to take proper measures to enable him to bestow upon merito-
rious non-commissioned officers and privates in the array, who have
distinguished themselves, the benefits of its provisions.
He is very desirous that all those who have earned the reward it
confers, by their gallant conduct, should receive it without delay.
It is conceived that the provisions of the seventeenth section are
generalj that is, they extend to non-commissioned officers and pri-
vates in the volunteer ranks, as well as those in the regiments con-
stituting the regular establishment.
To entitle a non-commissioned officer, who has distinguished him-
self, to a brevet, he must be recommended by the commanding
officer of the regiment to which be belongs. It will, therefore, be
proper thst you should apprise the commanding officers of the sev-
eral regiments of the army undei your command of this provision
of the law, and the expectation of the President that they shcuUl
furnish recommendations of those non-commissioned officers who
have earned for themselves the advancement which Congress has
provided.
Ttie means by which the President is to acquire the information
to satisfy him that privates have so conducted themselves as to be
entitled to certificates, is not indicated in the act of Congress.
You are therefore directed bv ^he President, through the report of
their immediate commanding officers, or in such other manner as
you may think proper, to cause to be presented to the President a
list of those privates in the army under your command who are
deemed to be entitled to the benefit ef the seventeenth section of
the act above referred to.
Merf o^enerpl good deportment, and a faithful discharge of ordi-
nary duti; s, will not alone, in the opinion of the department, en-
title eith«.r a non-commissioned officer or a private to the benefit of
the k-.w, for so much is expected of all in the service. Such con-
duct does not constitute a distinction.. It is desired, so far as it
can be practicably done, that the recommendation or report in each
case should specify the conduct or acts of tlie soldier which are
considered as entitling him to the reward of distinction.
I herewith send you a sufficient number of copies of the sectioa
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 943
of the act of Cono^rpss to which I have called your attention, to
enable you to furnish one to each commandant of a regiment and
other officers from whom information can be derived, which will be
serviceable to the President in the discharge of the pleasing duty
of dispensing rewards to the well deserving.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Winfield Scott,
Commanding U. S. Anvy^ Mexico.
N. B. A similar letter has been sent to Major General Tavlor,
with copies of the section of the law above referred to.
War Department, May 19, 1847.
Sir: I have received your despatch of the 19th ultimo, announc-
ing your signal success over the enemy at Cerro Gordo, and also
that of the 23d of the same month, with the accompanying reports
of those in subordinate command, giving a detail of ths operations
of your army at that place.
It is a pleasing duty to be again, and so soon, the medium of
making known to you, and to the brave officers and soldiers under
your command, the President's high appreciation of the skill and
prowess by which so decisive a victory was v/on, and our arras
again crowned with superadded glory. The carrying of positions,
so strong by natvire and strengthened by art, and defended by far
superior numbers, followed, as it was, by an almost total rout of a
l^rge aiiu}', is an achievement seldom equalled in the records of
military operations. It has called forth the praise and excited the
admiration of a grateful people, and will stand conspicuous on the
pages of our history.
While rejoicing at this signal triumph of our rrras, the nation is
not unmindful of what is due to the memory of the gallant men
- who fell at Cerro Gordo. It mourns their fate, sympathises with
their afflicted families and friends, and will ever cherish a lively
recollection of their devoted service and heroic deeds.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Winfield Scott,
Commanding U. S, Army^ Mexico.
944 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
No. 25.
i
Head-quarters of the Army,
Jalap a, Jlpril 28, 1847.
Sir: My present efforts, with very insufficient trains, are to get
up to this place, from Vera Cruz, while we may, say in the next
two weeks, as many essential supplies as practicable — such as
clothing, ammunition, medicines, salt, &c., &c. Breadstuffs, beef,
mutton, sugar, coffee, rice, beans, and forage we may hope to find,
though not in convenient places or in great abundance, on our line"
of operations. For these we must pay, or they will be withheld,
concealed, or destroyed by the owners, whose national hatred of
us remains unabated. I shall continue to do all in my power to
conquer that hatred, but cannot as yet promise myself success; and
if I cannot enforce the utmost economy in the use of such supplies,
by causing them tci be collected and regularly issued by the pro-
per departments of the staff, we shall further exasperate and ruin
the country, and starve ourselves. A rigid discipline, exact obedi-
ence to orders, is then the first and great want of this army. Of
valor and patriotism there is no deficiency.
The first fifty miles this side of Vera Cruz, up to Cerro Gordo^
•with the exception perhaps of one locality, are as deadly to stran-
gers as any part of the coast, from the beginning to the end of the
rainy season. That season may commence in May, but certainly,
if not earlier, the first week in June.
Now, independent of the superabundant cautions given me in
your letter of March 13th, about the health and lives of the troops,
I beg to say, that I am myself too careful of human life, the lives
of all the troops of this army, regulars as well as volunteers, to
risk garrisons along those fiiiy miles of road during that season.'
To be of any service, at least four posts would be necessary, and
those would not dispense with the necessity of escorts to trains as
at present, to guard them against rancheros and other irregular
troops of the enemy, who are well acquainted with the country and
natives of the climate. But I did expect, up to yesterday, that
detachments of the new regiments would, as you had informed me,,
begin to arrive in this month and continue to follow, perhaps, into
June. Accordingly, I had made arrangements to place a new train
at Vera Cruz, under each successive detachment of those troops,
to follow me, in addition to the old trains sent back to that depot.
Probably the last of these old trains will go down under a strong
escort, to-morrow; and yesterday I learned, by your letter of the
22d, and the adjutant general's of the 26th ult., that all the recruits
of the regiments — some 3,000, raised or likely to be raised, in time
for this army — have been ordered to the Rio Grande. Therefore
the last supplies that I may expect from Vera Cruz, I know not in
what time, must come up by the train that I am to despatch to-
morrow. But I have caused instructions (copy herewith) to be
sent to Brigadier General Cadwalader, requesting that at least a
part of the new troops, according to the state of the Rio Grande
base of operations, might be gent to this army, via Vera Cruz.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 945
The distance is great, and I have no certain intelligence from Ma-
jor General Taylor, later than his victory at Buena Vista, save
that he had cleared his rear of the enemy, and the general belief at
this place, which I begin to doubt, that he has reached San Luis
de Potosi, I have sent an emissary to communicate with him,
wherever he may be; but if not at or on this side of that city, I
may not hear from him in many weeks. I may add that it is the
universal opinion of well informed persons in this country, that
troops may land at Vera Cruz, and, by marching promptly, reach
this healthy region, with little or no loss from disease, as late as
some time in June; whereas, even Mexicans, of the upper country,
would suffer greatly in a week, by a visit to the tierra caliente.
Here the weather is uncomfortably cool and requiring winter cloth-
ing, at the end of April; twenty-five miles below, the heat, except
in the northers, is distressing early in March. Unfortunately, very
many of our men, regulars as well as volunteers, have lost both
great-coats and blankets, and the volunteers are otherwise badly
clad. How many of the latter will re-engage under the act ap-
proved March 3d, only received two days ago, I know not; proba-
bly but few. Hence the greater my disappointment, caused by
sending the new troops to the Rio Grande; for, besides their keep-
ing the road in our present rear open for many weeks, by marches,
in successive detachments, I had intended, as I advanced, to leave
strong garrisons in this place, in Perote and Puebla, and to keep,
at the head of the movement, a force equal to any probable opposi-
tion. It may now depend on the number of old volunteers who may
re-engage, and the number of new troops that may arrive from the
Brazos in time, as also, in some degree, upon the advance of Major
General Taylor, whether I shall find this army in strength to
leave the garrisons and to occupy the capital. In the meantime,
Brevet Major General Worth has advanced a brigade some fifteen
miles beyond Perote, to enlarge his sphere of supplies, and I shall
put the other two divisions in march in order to be able to occupy
Puebla, as soon as the two trains, sent back to Vera Cruz six and
seven days ago, shall have returned.
On receiving the news of the disasters at Cerro Gordo, the Mex-
ican Congress immediately passed a series of resolutions, (of
which I send an indifferent translation,) breathing defiance and war
to the last extremity. It will be seen that General Santa Anna is
virtually deprived of the presidency. He is at present at Cordova
or Orizaba, endeavoring to create a new army of irregulars; but
without arms, magazines, or a military chest. Other generals are
also endeavoring to prepare for a guerilla war upon pur detach-
ments, trains and stragglers, and they may, without great precau-
'tions on our part, do much harm in the aggregate.
Notwithstanding the violence of the congress, I know, by pri-
vate advices, that there is a large party of moderate men, in the
capital and elsewhere, in favor of negotiations and peace. I have
also reason to believe that the British minister has again tendered
the mediation of his government, which the congress has taken into
consideration. After the first effervescence of rage shall have ex-
60
946 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
pired, and we shall have approached nearer to the capital, perhaps
the counsels of prudence may prevail with the people and the goT-
ernment.
I send, through the quartermaster's department, the Mexican co-
lors taken by Major General Worth at Perote; in all, standards and
guidons, fourteen, which, added to ^even taken at Cerro Gordo and
at Vera Cruz, may make about twenty-five captured at the several
places.
I have the honor to remain, sir, With high respect, your most
obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Hon. W. L, Marcy,
Secretary of War.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Jalapa, April 23, 1847.
Sir: We already occupy Perote, and shall soon occupy Puebla.
Indeed, we might safely take possession of Mexico, without a loss,
perhaps, of one hundred men. Our dangers and difficulties are all
in the rear, between this place and Vera Cruz: 1st. The season of
the year, heat; and below Cerro Gordo, sand and" disease. 2d. An
impossibility (almost) of establishing any intermediate post, say at
the National Bridge, or any other point, on account of disease, and
the want of sufficient supplies within easy reach. 3d. The danger
of having our trains cut and destroyed by the exasperated ran-
cheros, whose houses are thinly scattered over a wide surface, and
whom it is almost impossible, with our small cavalry force, to pur-
sue and to punish; and 4th. The consequent necessity of escorting
trains seventy odd miles up, and the same down, with a meagre ca-
valry tiiat must from day to day become, fiom that intolerable
g«rvice, more and more meagre.
I have stated the situation of this advanced army, strongly, to
show how infinitely important it is that we should, as speedily as
possible, while the season may permit us, get up to this healthy
region all essential supplies. Those supplies fall within the ord-
nance, quartermaster's, commissary and medical departments. The
chief of each with me has been instructed to write to the proper
chief at Vera Cruz accordingly, and I desire you to give a rigid
attention to those requisitions, and make yourself sure that, as fast
and as far as practicable, they are complied with. I put down
myself, in this place, the supplies which I hold to be indispensable,
leaving the amount of each article to the respective chiefs here and
at Vera Cruz, viz: medicines and hospital stores, clothing for
troops, salt, ammunition, shoes for animals, and coffee; articles only
a little inferior in importance are knapsacks, blankets, hard
bread, bacon and camp kettles; sugar, flour, rice, fresh meat,
beans and forage, we hope to find in the country. The above lists
of indispensable articles, and of articles almost equally so, may
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 947
not be complete, but it is nearly so. See the requisitions which
will be sent from this place.
The new troops raised for the war, and recruits for old regi-
ments, will arrive after a short time, at Vera Cruz, almost daily.
If the city should become sickly, that is, should an epidemic pre-
vail, you will detain on board the transports all detachments, until
the means of transportation can be found for each, so that it may
pass rapidly through or around the city, and be as little exposed
as possible to infection. If the railroad can be put into operation,
it will be an immense gain in saving the loaded wagons the necessity
of dragging heavily up the sand hills towards Santa Fe. Give a
prompt attention to this saving, and possibly, in the case of the
vomiio, supplies and troops may be advantageously landed by means
of surf boats, north of the city, and thence proceed to join the army.
It is probable that I may establish a small post at Passo de
Obejas, some six miles nearer to you than the National Bridge.
There are many buildings at this point, said to be the least un-
healthy bel jw Cerro Gordo, where there is no shelter and few or
no supplies of any kind within a reasonable distance. At the P<asso
de Obejas are bridges, good water, some grain, and beef cattle.
If these be carefully used and not wasted, they will save a great
deal of wagoning from Vera Cruz. The post will be within your
command and require your strictest instructions. I have sent down,
by a train, seven colors and standards, which I desire you to have
carefully boxed up and forwarded to the adjutant general. An-
other train, that will pass Cerro Gordo to-day, will take down six
of the forty-three captured guns from that place. Add the twelve
pieces selected by Captain Huger, (inquire of Captain Daniels,)
from the defences of the city, and send the eighteen to New York,
direct, or via New Orleans. On the subject of trophies, give my
compliments to Commodore Perry, and beg him to select and ship
for home six guns from the Castle of San Juan d'Ulloa. I may
send the remaining guns from Cerro Gordo, but wish no more to
be taken as trophies from Vera Cruz and its castle.
Lose no opportunity of sending the mails of the army, particu-
larly letters addressed to general head-quarters.
Having not a moment to copy, please send this letter to the ad-
jutant general for the Secretary of War.
With great respect, yours, truly,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
To Brevet Colonel Wil'son,
Commander and Governor of Vera Cruz.
P. S. — The general-in-chief desires me to add that the wagons,
eight in number, which Captain Hetzel was desired to appropriate
to the transportation of engineers' tools, must not be diverted from
that use.
Very respectfully,
H. L. SCOTT, A. A. A. G.
948 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Jalapa, April 23, 1847.
Sir: I have received your very interesting report, dated yester-
day, informing me that you had occupied Perote, and giving a list
of the ordnance found in the castle.
This army cannot advance until we are assured of the receipt of
important supplies from Vera Cruz — clothing, ammunition, salt,
medicines, hospital stores, &c., &c. The remaining section of the
siege train has arrived.
As soon as you can assure me that your means of subsistence
derived from the country are secured, I shall order Twiggs's divi-
sion to replace you at Perote, and allow your division to advance
to Puebla, with the siege train that I shall send forward as Soon as
the draught animals are a little refreshed here. Some salt I hope
also to send you. The remainder of your subsistence, and all your
forage, you will have to gather from the country. Forage is very
scarce here as well as subsistance.
One train of wagons was despatched, and another to-day, to Vera
Cruz. Brigadier General Quitman's brigade, and 240 of the Ten-
nessee horse came up to-day without an extra ration, against my
positive orders, given at Vera Cruz. This neglect cannot fail to
exhaust our supplies here rapidly.
I am organizing measures for protecting our line of communica-
tion with Vera Cruz. There is but one point for a garrison, not
deadly sickly in the whole line, Passo de Obejo, six miles the other
side of the National Bridge.
I have time to say nothing more.
Yours, &c.,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Brevet Major General Worth, <^c., ^c.
Jalapa, April 24, 1847.
Sir: I am wishing to communicate with you, and in the smallest
space. I hear with joy that you are at St. Luis de Potosi, and, per-
haps, in full march near the capital. May continued success attend
you. This army has added something to the glory obtained by
yours. General orders. No. 80, I hope to send with this note.
Delayed at Vera Cruz, by the want of transportation, we began to
advance the 8th instant, and obtained, the 18th, at the Pass of
Cerro Gordo, (21 miles below,) a signal victory — 3,000 prisoners,
and twice as many small arms, 43 pieces of artillery, 7 colors,
5 generals, (besides one killed,) ammunition, &c., &c. Santa
Anna, Canalizo, Ampudia, &,c., &c., escaped. The pursuit was
vigorous. Some stores were taken here; some abandoned artillery,
at La Hoya, a terrible pass, some ten miles ahead; and at Perote,
66 pieces, ammunition, &c., &c. Mexico has no longer an army,
the foot is nearly dissolved, or certainly much dispersed, and, per-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 949
haps, there are not 15 guns in Mexico and on this side. Our ad-
vance IS in the castle of Perote^ thence to the capital hardly a show
pf resistance is to be expected. Yet we cannot, at once, advance
in force. We are obliged to look to the rear. The yellow fever
at Vera Cruz, and on the road, fifty miles this way, may soon cut
us off from our depot. Deep sand, disease, and bands of exas-
perated rancheros, constitute difficulties. With an inadequate train
we are endeavoring to get here essentials, before heat and disease
cut us off from Vera Cruz. Our cavalry is already meagre, and
from escorting, becoming daily more so. Worth, however, will
march from Perote upon Puebla in a day or two, to be replaced
by Patterson or Tvviggsj we shall follow and be with the advance,
as soon as the essentials are secured. Ammunition, medicines,
clothing, (all behind,) salt, &c., &c. A small siege train and half
ammunition are up. We must subsist on the country, paying for
what IS brought in, &c. I am much embarrassed with the old volun-
teers, in reference to their return through the yellow fever, if late
in May, or June; and I am wholly ignorant of the approach of the
new regiments lately authr rized. The discharge of the former de-
pends on the approach of the latter, and the movements of each
may be arrested by the vomito. Yet depots, along a line of 275
miles, will be needed, and a competent fighting force at the head of
operations When I may advance beyond Puebla, is, therefore,
yet doubtful. I shall feel my way according to information. The
resources of the country are not abundant, or not near the road,
except to a limited extent. If I were sure that you were at San
Luis de Potosi, and in a condition to advance, 1 should see my way
rather better. I do not mean in respect to fighting dangers: for I
doubt whether we (or either of us) will have another seige or
battle; but in respect to overtures for a peace, or an armistice. As
yet, no such overture has been heard of. An armistice, if strictly
observed by the enemy, would give security to our lines of com-
munication with main depots, but still liable to be cut off from the
principal and nearer one (Vera Cruz) by yellow fever there, and
tor fifty miles this side. Within that distance, I doubt whether I
can hazard a depot or garrison. I suppose that your occupation of
ban Luis de Potosi, and advance upon the capital, might increase
the chances of a peace or an armistice; but many intelligent per-
sons believe that to occupythe capital and fifty other important
points would not end the war, and that the enemy, without an
army, would still hold out and operate against our trains, small
parties and. stragglers, with rancheros, on the guerilla plan. Let
me hear from you by the return of the bearer, and by others, as
you may. I am only allowed this small piece of paper, to be con-
cealed, r tr 1
Most truly yours,
n. ^r . r. WINFIELD SCOTT.
lo Major General Taylor.
950 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Jalapa^ April 25, 1847.
Sir: I have the instructions of the general-in-chief to say, that
you will please embark such detachments of the new regiments as
may have been ordered by the War Department to Point Isabel, as
rapidly as they arrive, with instructions for them to proceed to
Vera Cruz, and thence join the general head-quarters of the army
in Mexico, where they are much needed.
It is important, to prevent delay, to forward from the Brazos' all
available means of land transportation for the march from Vera
Cruz, and you will please make a call on the quartermaster at the
Brazos accordingly.
This order for the troops you will consider conditional on the
safety of the line of the Rio Grande, concerning which little doubt
is entertained by the general-in-chief since the victory of Buena
Vista. He relies, hoAvever, upon your own sound judgment to de-
termine, on the spot, whether that line would be too much exposed
by the withdrawal of the troops in question. You will please
therefore consider yourself authorized to order the whole or such
part as may appear to you most suitable.
If those troops be divided, you will command the larger body,,
whether it should come to Vera Cruz or remain upon the line of the
Rio Grande.
Whatever may be your determination in respect to other troops,
you will please at once order Ruff's company of the mounted rifles,
with horses, to join its regiment via Vera Cruz
Should the line of the Rio Grande appear entirely secure, you
will please stop any further landing of troops at the Brazos, or, if
possible, anticipate their sailing thither from New Orleans, \&
direct them as they successively arrive, at either place, to proceed
to Vera Cruz, and thence join the head-quarters of the army.
No doubt is entertained that the health of such troops may be
preserved by the troops being kep*. on ship-board, in the harbor of
Vera Cruz, until the requisite means of transportation are in
readiness for them to commence their march towards Jalapa and '
beyond.
We have information here, which is credited, that Major General
Taylor has taken possession of San Luis Potosi without oppo-
sition.
We have also Mexican papers of the 21st instant from the
capital, which breathe any thing but peace, while they deplore the
total defeat, capture, and rout of the Mexican army, under Santa
Anna, at Cerro Gordo, on the I8th instant. '
Santa Anna, after the battle, fled to Orizaba, and is now engaged
in organizing guerilla parties, which policy the Mexicans h^ve de-
termined in future to adopt. The government, in anticipation of
our advance upon the capital, is already concerting measures for
making the government moveable^ and, with additional troops to
relieve the old volunteers whose term of service is about to expire,
we cannot fail to afl"ord the Mexican people such convincing proofs
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 951
of the imbecility of their government, that every thinking man
must become satisfied that peace must be had.
I have the honor to be, &c.,
H. L. SCOTT,
^. ^. A. G.
Brigadier General Cadwalader,
U. S. Jirmy, Brazos Santiago.
Extracts from El Monitor.) published hi the city of Mexico.
PROCLAMATION.
The citizen Mariana Salas, general of brigade and colonel of the
regiment Hidalgo, to my fellow citizens:
My friends: The present moment is the most proper to excite the
public spirit and form a nation of men truly free. When an enemy
triumphs by his union to rob us of our dearest interests, there is
nothing more sure and more certain than to vanquish hira by valor
and constancy.
For this end I have obtained permission to raise a guerilla corps,
with which to attack and destroy the invaders, in every manner
imaginable. The conduct of the enemy, contrary both to humanity
and natural rights, authorizes us to pursue him without pity,
(misericordia.) War without pity, tmto death! will be the motto of
the guerilla warfare of vengeance. Therefore I invite all my fellow
citizens, especially my brave subordinates, to unite ^it general
head-quarters to enrol themselves, from nine until three in the
afternoon, so that it may be organized in the present week.
JOSE MARIANA SALAS.
Mexico, Jpril 21, 1847.
Congress and government.
Mexico, Jpril 21, 1847.
Yesterday, at a public session, the ministry gave an account of
the unfortunate events at Cerro Gordo; it showed that the govern-
ment, not losing courage at the reverse, were already taking the
most efficacious measures to oppose new forces to the invaders; it
protested that his excellency the president was determined to die
sooner than treat with the infamous government of the United
States, and, in order to act with the energy which the circumstances
required, it hoped that extraordinary powers would be granted to
it, demanding to be restricted in such manner as to prevent it from
making peace. Congress, at 10 in the evening, approved the fol-
lowing law.
" The sovereign constitutional congress of Mexico, in use of the
full powers with which it has been invested by the people of the
952 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
republic for the sacred object of preserving its nationality, and
faithful interpreters of the firm determination of their <;onstituents
to carry on the war which the government of the United States is
waging against the nation, without losing courage at any kind of
reverses; and considerino- that, in these circumstances, the first
public necessity is to preserve a centre of union, to direct the
national defence, with all the energy which the state of things
demand, and to avoid even the danger of a revolutionary power
arising to dissolve the national union and destroy its institutions,
or to consent to dismember its territory, has decreed the fol-
lowing:
Article 1. The supreme government of the union has power to
take the necessary measures to carry on the war, defend the
nationality of the republic, and to save the republican form of
government, popular and federal, under which the nation is con-
stituted.
2. The foregoing article does not authorize the executive to make
a peace with the United States, conclude negotiations with foreign
powers, nor alienate the whole or a part of the territory of the
republic.
3. Neither does it give the executive powers to ratify treaties of
colonization, impose punishments, nor confer other civil or military
offices than those whose appointment is expressly allowed by the
constitution.
4. Will be null and illegal, all treaties or arrangements that
may be entered into between the United States and any authority^
•who, subverting the actual order of things, should substitute itself
for the supreme powers of the union legally established.
5. Every individual is declared a traitor, who, either as a private
individual, or as a public officer, either privately, or invested with
any incompetent authority, or pf revolutionary origin, shall treat
with the government of the United States.
6. In case the present Congress should find it impossible to con-
tinue its sessions, a permanent commission will immediately be
appointed, composed of the oldest individual of each dep'utation
that may be present.
7. This commission, for want of the Congress, will perform the
duties of the council of government; will name, in case of vacancy,
the person to perform the duties, for the time being, of the execu-
tive power of the republic; will take an account of the votes in
the coming election for president; place the person named in
power, and convene the national representation.
8. The powers which it confers upon the government, in the
present decree, will cease as soon as the war comes to an end.''
In honor of 'this legislative body, it must be said that eighty
members were present, and that no sentiments were heard except
those of patriotism. May thus the common danger unite all Mexi-
cans, and even the name of our fatal divisions disappear.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 953
War Department, May 20, 1847.
Sir: I have received your communication of the 28th ultimo, in
relation to troops having been sent to the Brazos instead of your
column.
It is proper that I should refer to the state of things as they
were here understood to exist in that quarter when General Cad-
walader received orders to repair to the Rio Grande, and the
troops, then about to depart to the seat of war, were directed to
that point. It was then known here that Santa Anna had moved,
with his large army, to attack General Taylor. Indeed, rumors
prevailed here that a battle had been fought at or near Saltillo, of
a much less decisive character than subsequent authentic accounts
showed it to have been. There was reason to fear that General
Taylor had retreated to Monterey. It was known that his commu-
nication with the Rio Grande was interrupted, and the whole line
on that river threatened. The security of General Taylor's army
was deemed to depend upon maintaining the base of the Rio
Grande, supposed to be seriously threatened, and upon opening the
communication between it and our army at Saltillo or Monterey.
In this state of things, the new levies, &c., were urged forward to
the Brazos to meet a critical emergency, not unlikely to happen,
which would require them in that quarter. The Brazos continued
to be the destination of most of the troops sent to the seat of war,
until it was here ascertained that Generjal Taylor had achieved
a glorious victory at Buena Vista, and driven back General Santa
Anna and his large army, and that the Rio Grande was secure, and
the communication to the army under General Taylor was firmly
re-established.
This information reached here about the time of that which ap-
prised us of your successful debarkation and the investment of the
city of Vera Cruz. Thereupon, orders were issued from the de-
partment in April for the troops at the Brazos, and those en route
destined for your column, forthwith to join you, and I trust that,
by this time, a considerable body of them have reached your
column. A confident expectation is here entertained that the
troops which will join you, before the term of those engaged for
twelve months shall have expired, will be quite equal to the num-
ber of volunteers entitled to a discharge, and that, by the end of
June, your column will be nearly twenty thousand men.
My communication of the 30th ultimo, and others of that date
from this department, will give you full information on this sub-
ject.
I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Winfield Scott,
Commanding United States Ar7ny^ Mexico.
954 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
No. 26. ""
Head-quarters of the Army,
Jalapa, May 6, 1847.
Sir: The accompanying papers, genera] orders No. 135, and
copy of a letter of this date, to Brevet Major General Worth, at
Perote, will show, to some extent, my occupations and the posi-
tion of the army.
The subject of that order (the old volunteers) has given me long
and deep solicitude. To part with so large and so respectable a
portion of the army, in the middle of a country, which, though
broken in its power, is not yet disposed to sue for peacej to pro-
vide for the return home of seven regiments from this interior po-
sition, at a time when I find it quite difficult to provide transpor-
tation and supplies for the operating forces which remain; and all
this without any prospect of succor or reinforcement, in perhaps
the next seven months, beyond some three hundred army recruits,
P^'^ie^t novelties utterly unknown to any invading army before.
With the addition of ten or twelve thousand new levies, in
April and May, asked for, and until very recently expected, or
even with the addition of the two or three thousand new troops
destined for this army, but suddenly, by the orders of the War De-
partment, diverted to the Rio Grande frontier, I might, notwith-
standing the unavoidabl^e discharge of the old volunteers, seven re-
giments and two independent companies, advance with confidence
upon the enemy's capital. I shall, nevertheless, advance, but
whether beyond^ Puebla will depend on intervening information
and reflection. The general panic given to the enemy at Cerro
Gordo still remaining, I think it probable that we shall go to
Mexico; or if the enemy recover from that we must renew the
consternation by another blow. Puebla, it is known, does not
hope to resist our progress, but stands ready to receive us amica-
bly, or at least courteously. Our difficulties lie in gathering in
subsistence from a country covered with exasperated guerrillas and
banditti, ar.d maintaining, with inadequate garrisons and escorts,
communications with the rear. So far, we have not lost a train or
an express rider between our advanced post at Tepeyalhualco and
Vera Cruz, a distance of forty-one leagues.
The discharge of the old volunteers, and the rather unexpected
increase of the means of transportation, here and at Vera Cruz,
have prevented my personal advance longer than I had expected
at the date (28th ultimo) of my last report. Those new means,
combined with the old, sent down to Vera Cruz, may make up a
train of wheels and packs equal to 600 wagons. It ought to leave
the water depot on the 9th instant, in which case, with an escort
of some 400 men from, that point, and the returning volunteers in
detachments, fifteen miles apart, on the road, the train would be
sufficiently protected; but it has become doubtful to-day whether
that valuable train, .with, among other supplies indispensable to
this army, nearly a million of dollars in specie, will be ready to
leave Vera Cruz before the arrival there of all the old volunteers.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 955
Hence I am engage.! in sending off detachments of horse and foot,
to meet and escort the train to this P'ace- the want of
I cannot foresee that more than ""^ "'l^" *;;'^"' 'i°"iude to the
escorts, may be expected up in^ ma y month l^a^ ^
wagons which are going ^"^"/'f'^je below, and which must
r;r;''cr::trrl^?d?krwStonr not expected at Vera
Cruz. r*i.^/^iri -L-nlnntpprs have re-enlisted
25th of the month before the last My ^'^llll'''
turned, but has probably gone as far as ^^-f^y- .^edient
I have the honor to remain, sir, ^vlth hign respet , y
servant, WINFIELD SCOTT.
Hon. Wm. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War.
P.S. My latest despatches from Washington^^were^acUn^^^^
. ^ht^h-a^^leTed I'^rfle^'tr^T^here have been ordered- to
Vera Cruz. W. S.
S,b: The general-in-chief desires - \o -y that learning that
but few, if any, of the old "'""'eersw 11 re volunteer p .^ ^^_
expiration of their ';™.;/ -V'^ra'Cr^.^ttlnTh", skson, to dis-
?Srr"/e ' t^^oneVaU who 'a"re"not willing to^re-volnnteer now^ He
ri;'rf^rett^s?rnTe=2rt3=days,oras
soon as practicable, transports for 3,000 troops.
I am, &c., ^ ^ SCOTT, A. M. A. General.
.Colonel H. Wilson, ^ a-^
Commanding, Vera Cruz, ^c.
^ Wr-An-orARTERS OF THE ArMY,
General Orders, Head qi arte^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^g^^^
^''' ^^^'c t .-^t of Coneress, published in the general
?S"n:.°U: ;:urart:/wa"fDep'ar^.ment, March 27, 1847,
order
956 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
provide for and invite the tender of '' the services of such of the
volunteers now in Mexico who may, at the termination of the
Mexico.'""' ^-oluntanly engage to serve during the war with
• ^t^ ?^T!^^ ""'l^^' containing those extracts reached the general-
Jo'the hP^.V ^. ?r "^^7 ^^^' ^^"' ""^ ^^« immediately sent
to the head-quarters of the volunteers for prompt circulation among
hp ^/'""rAl^Tfr'"'' '"^ wealed to, viz: the Tennessee cavalry^
the 3d and 4th Illinois infantry, the 1st and 2d Tennessee infantry
Prn .? 7^'^ mfantry, and the Alabama infantry, whose severa
terms of service will, it is understood, expire in four, five, or six
.nZ?>.f'r'^'^"'''"?^''u ''^'^^' *° ^"^'^' t^^^^gh ^ g^eat number of
undoubted channels, that, in all probability, not one man in ten of
those regiments, will be inclined to volunteer for the war This
pre-determination offers, in his opinion, no ground for reproach, -
considering the long, arduous, faithful and gallant services of those
corps, however deeply all will regret the consequent and unavoida-
ble delay in the prosecution of this war to an early and honorable
peace; lor the general-in-chief cannot, in humanity and good faith,
cause regiments entitled, in a few weeks, to an honorable dis-
charge, to advance farther from the coast in the pursuit of the
llTJv ^""^J-^^'n^ ^^'^'"^ ^^''^ '^P^'^ ^^^ necessity of returning to
Zst^f'tfl To^Hfe^^"^' '' '''' ''''-'' '"°^^^ ^^ ^^' '' ^^^^ P^-^' ^^^
Accordingly, the regiments of old volunteers, and the indepen-
dent company of Kentucky volunteers, serving with this army, will '
to Ver'rr^' '" '\\T^'^ of the large train from below, to march
to Vera Cruz and thence to embark for New Orleans, where they
UntP 1 i'J^'^^^y f '^ honorably mustered out of the service of the
United States, and paid off by the proper officers on duty there.
Ihis order wil be sent to those officers and the governor and
commander of Vera Cruz, who has been instructed to have the
nece^ssary transports ready by the early arrival of the returning
There is nothing in the foregoing intended to interfere with the
mentf nn'tr''*"l .^^^.^°",^/''' ""^ '^^ President, to re-enlist-
?pnP.^ u- ^"^°^ i'^l°^^ volunteers. On the contrary, the
formP I "; /' u''^'"!^ ^°P'' '^^' ^^^y ^^^^' companies will be
formed out of those old troops, and presented f^r Continued ser-
Mce according to that invitation. He will gladly accept them for
pL '-f .'T'/^'"^' '^ ^^^^ embodied into battalions, to be
temporarily attached to the weaker regiments of the regula army,
as indicated in the President's orders. No. 14, above recited. ^' •
ilorses of the Tennessee cavalry, as well as officers' horses, gen-
In I ' T.''^ ^y}^^'' °^'^ers, who may decline re- volunteering,
V. r ^ rt' ^y the quartermaster's department here, at a fair *
rlUe /"' /f^/^"^e disposition may be made of saddles and bri-
tiies, it needed for the public service.
The four regiments of new volunteers present will be formed
into a brigade under Brigadier General Quitman, who will desig-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 957
nate one of the four for Jalapa and another for Perote, to consti-
tute parts of the garrisons of those places. He will receive orders
for the commencement of his march at general head-quarters.
Major General Patterson, rendered for the moment supernume-
rary with this army, will accompany the returning volunteers of
his late gallant division, and render them such assistance on the
way as he well knows how to give. He will report in person at
Washington, or by letter from New Orleans, for further orders
from the War Department.
This distinguished general officer will please accept the thanks
of the general-in-chief, for the gallant, able and efficient support
uniformly received from the second in rank of this army.
By command of Major General Scott.
H. L. SCOTT, A. A. Ji. G.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Jalapa, May 6, 1847.
Sir: Having designated a regiment to constitute a part of the
garrison at this place, you will advance, with the three remaining
.regiments of your brigade, by the national road to Perote, and there
report yourself to Brevet Major General Worth, who has been regu-
larly assigned to duty according to that brevet.
At Perote you will designate to Major General Worth another
of your regiments, to constitute the principal part of the garrison
of that castle.
I shall endeavor to hold the other two regiments of your brigade
together for the remainder of the campaign.
As you will follow closely the first division of regulars, from Pe-
rote to Puebla, it is not deemed necessary to assign to your brigade
an engineer, topographical engineer, or ordnance officer, as officers
of those branches of the staff will be at the head of the movement.
With great respect, &c.j
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Brigadier General Quitman,
U. S. A., 4-c., Sfc, ^'c.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Jalapa, May 6, 1847.
Sir: Brigadier General Quirtman, with three regiments of his vol-
unteer brigade and a train with some general supplies for the
army, will march for Perote to-morrow morning. Herewith you
will find a copy of my instructions to him.
You will perceive that a regiment of the same brigade is to con-
stitute the principal part of the garrison of the castle of Perote.
The remainder, artillerists, sufficient to serve the batteries, you will
detach from your division.
958 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
That matter being attended to, and you being assured of the ne-
cessary transportation and supplies on the road, I wish you to ad-
vance with your division and Quitman's brigade, (two regiments
of volunteers,) and take and hold Puebla.
No part of the force under your immediate orders will be ad-
vanced beyond Puebla, or detached in any direction, except for
purposes strictly defensive, or to small distances for necessary sup-
plies, until further instructions from me.
An assistant quartermaster is about to be sent to you, who may
be left at Perote in charge of the depots you have caused to be
collected at the latter place, and for the further purpose of satisfy-
ing, when in funds, any contracts made under your orders for sup-
plies; or you may leave at Perote, for those purposes, the disbur-
sing officer or officers now with you, and take the assistant quarter-
master with you to Puebla.
If you commence the advance on Puebla in two, three, or four
days, after being joined by the volunteer brigade, it will be suffi-
cient, as I do not, at present, hope to reach Puebla myself, with the
second division of regulars, or a part of it, in less than fifteen days,
as I shall necessarily be detained here until the arrival of the
heavy train that will leave Vera Cruz between the 9th and 12th in-
stant, and may rest a day or two at Perote.
You are so well acquainted with all my plans and views — inclu-
ding the lively desire of conciliating the unoffending inhabitants of
the ceuntry, by protecting their persons and property — and my con-
fidence in your judgment, activity and intelligence, being unlimited,
I deem it unnecessary to encumber you with further cautions or in-
structions.
Most truly, &c., &c..
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Brevet Major General Worth,
Army^ ^c, ^c, Perote.
No. 27.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Jalapa, May 7, 1847.
Sir: I have just received from Mr. Trist, chief clerk of the De-
partment of State, a letter dated yesterday, at Vera Cruz, with
which he has sent me two from you dated the 12th, and a third the
14th ultimo.
I enclose herewith a copy of my reply to Mr. Trist, and send one
of your letters of the 12th — that relating to the custom-houses of
Mexico — to Colonel Wilson, commanding at Vera Cruz, with in-
structions that he send a copy to Colonel Gates, commanding at
Tampico, in order that your instructions relative to the collection
of duties at the two ports may be duly executed.
I am too distant from the coast, and too much occupied with the
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 959
business of the campaigiij to charge myself with the execution of
that letter.
I have the honor to remain, sir, with respect, your most obedient
servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Hon. W. L. Marcy, Secretary of War.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Jalapa, May 7, 1847.
Sir: I have just received your note of yesterday, accompanied
by communications to me from the Secretary of War, and one
(sealed!) from the Department of State to the minister of foreign
affairs of the republic of Mexico.
You are right in doubting whether there be a government, even
de facto, in this republic. General Santa Anna, the nominal presi-
dent, has been, until within a day or two, in the neighborhood of
Oriziba, organizing bands of rancheros, banditti, or guerillas, to cut
off stragglers of this army, and, probably, the very train, all im-
portant to us, w^hich you propose to accompany into the interior;
the safety of which train has detained me here and caused me a
high degree of solicitude. Hence I regret that Colonel Wilson,
commanding at Vera Cruz, has allowed himself, a second time, to
be persuaded to detach, to bring up despatches, (for your accommo-
dation,) a material portion of the force I had relied upon as the
escort of that train. The other detachment to which I allude came
up some days ago to escort Lieutenant Semmes, of the navy, duly
accredited by Commodore Perry, to the Mexican minister of for-
eign affairs, to negotiate the exchange of Passed Midshipman
Roofers, now a prisoner of war. That matter, also, seems to have
been considered too important to be entrusted to my agency!
But, to return to the actual government of Mexico. Senor An-
aya is, I believe, president, ad interim. But you may have learned
that the Congress, after hearing of the affair of Cerro Gordo, passed
many violent decrees, breathingi: war, to the uttermost, against the
United States; declaring that the executive has no power, and
shall have none, to conclude a treaty, or even an armistice, with
the United States, and denouncing as a traitor any Mexican func-
tionary who shall entertain either proposition. I have communicated
a copy of those decrees to the War Department, and, until further
orders thereupon, or until a change of circumstances, I very much
doubt whether I can so far commit the honor of my government as
to take any direct agency in forwarding the sealed despatch you
have sent me from the Secretary of State of the United States.
On this delicate point, however, you will do as you please; and
when, if able, I shall have advanced near to the capital, I may, at
your instance, lend an escort to your flag of truce; and it may re-
quire a large fighting detachment to protect even a flag of truce
960 * Ex. Doc. No. 60.
against the rancheros and banditti who now infest the national road,
all the way up to the capital.
I see that the Secretary of War proposes to degrade rae, by re-
quiring that I, the commander of this army, shall defer to you, the
chief clerk of the Department of State, the question of continuing
or discontinuing hostilities.
I beg to say to him and to you, that here, in the heart of a hostile
country, from which, after a few weeks, it would be impossible to
withdraw this array without a loss, probably, of half its numbers
by the vomito^ which army, from necessity, must soon become a
self-sustaining machine^ cut off from all supplies and reinforcements
from home until, perhaps, late in November — not to speak of the
bad faith of the government and people of Mexico — I say, in re-
ference to those critical circumstances, this army must take mi/i^ary
security for its own safety. Hence, the question of an armistice or
no armistice is, most peculiarly, a military question, appertaining,
of necessity, if not of universal right, in the absence of direct in-
structions, to the commander of the invading forces; consequently,
if you are not clothed with military rank over me, as well as with
diplomatic functions, 1 shall demand, under the peculiar circum-
stances, that, in your negotiations, if the enemy should entertain
your overtures, you refer that question to me, and all the securities
belonging to it. The safety of this army demands no less, and I
am responsible for that safety, until duly superseded or recalled.-
Indeed, from the nature of the case, if the enemy, on your petition,
should be willing to concede an armistice, he would, no doubt,
demand the military guaranty of my signature, for his own safety.
Should you, under the exposition of circumstances I have given,
visit the moveable head-quarters of this army, I shall receive you
with the respect due to a functionary of my government; but
whether you would find me here, at Perote, Puebla, or elsewhere,
depends on events changeable at every moment.
The sealed despatch from the Department of State I suppose you
to desire me to hold until your arrival, or until I shall hear farther
from you.
I remain, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
N. P. Trist, Esq., 4-c., ^c, ^c.
War Department, May 31, 1847.
Sir: I have received your letter of the 6th instant, with copies of
instructions to Generals Worth and Quitman, and Colonel Wilson.
By these I learn that the volunteers whose term of service is lim-
ited to twelve months are on their return home. They have been
discharged at an earlier period than was anticipated. The addi-
tional troops for your column will soon be with it in sufficient num-
bers to supply, and more than supply, the place of the discharged
volunteers.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 961
The reason for a temporary diversion of a part of these troops,
of which you complain, has been explained, and I trust in a sat-
isfactory manner, in a former communication from this department.
I am gratified by the intelligence of your extended progress into
the enemy's country, and hope that your successful operations will
accelerate the conclusion of a peace.
Your course, hitherto, in relation to prisoners of war, both men
and officers, in discharging them on parole, has been liberal and
kind; but whether it ought to be still longer continued, or in some
respects changed, has been under the consideration of the Presi-
dent, and he has directed m*e to communicate to you his views on
the subject. He is not unaware of the great embarrassment their
detention, or the sending of them to the United States, would oc-
casion; but so far as relates to the officers, he thinks they should
be detained until duly exchanged. In that case, it will probably
be found expedient to send them, or most of them, to the United
States. You will not, therefore, except for special reasons in par-
ticular cases, discharge the officers who may be taken prisoners,
but detain them with you, or send them to the United States, as
you shall deem most expedient.
It is an unpleasant duty to advert, as I feel constrained to do,
to your letter of the 7th instant, and more particularly to the
copy of one of the same date, therewith enclosed, addressed by
you to Mr. Trist. With me it is a matter of sincere regret that
a letter of such an extraordinary character was sent to that gen-
tleman; and I cannot doubt it will be no less regretted by your-
self on more reflection and better information. Such information
you would have received had Mr. Trist delivered in person, as I did
not doubt he would, my letter to you of the 14th instant, [ultimo,]
with the despatch from the State Department to the Mexican min-
ister of foreign relations. My letter should have secured you
from the strange mistake into which you have fallen, by regarding
him as the bearer of that despatch to the Mexican government,
and yourself called on to aid in transmitting it. Had such been
the true state of the case, I cannot perceive that you would have
had any just ground of complaint, or any sufficient excuse for with-
holding the assistance required; but by looking at ray letter you
will discover your misapprehension. Mr. Trist was the bearer of
that despatch to yourself — not to the Mexican government — and
when he had delivered it into your hands his agency ceased; he
had no discretion or judgment to exercise in regard to sending on
or withholding it. This was a matter committed solely to your-
self. I refer to the language of my letter, to show the entire
correctness of this view of the subject: "You will transmit that
despatch to the commander of the Mexican forces, with a request
that it may be laid before his government, at the same time giv-
ing information that Mr. Trist, an officer from our department for
foreign affairs, next in rank to its chief, is at your head quarters,
or on board the squadron, as the case may be." This is a posi-
tive instruction to yourself to send that despatch forward; and it
is expected you will have acted up?n it without waiting for the
61
962 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
arrival of Mr. Trist at your head-quarters, if thereby any unneces-
sary delay was likely to result.
If you infer that the succeeding sentence in my letter controlled,
or in any manner qualified, the President's order in regard to for-
warding that despatch, you have been led into an error. Mr. Trist
was directed to exhibit to you not only his instructions, but the
projet of a treaty with which he had been furnished by his gov-
ernment. These documents would have fully disclosed to you
"the objects of his mission," for the accomplishment of which you
were requested to afford facilities. None of these objects had re-
lation to the transmission of the despatch in question.
You have marked with a note of admiration the fact that the
despatch was sealed. True, it was sealed; but the bearer who was
charged with the delivery of it to you bad a copy; and had he
handed that despatch in person to you, as it was expected he
would do, he would no doubt have exhibited that copy to your
inspection.
A still more serious misconception has seized your mind in re-
gard to a|i armistice. Before this time it is quite probable you
will have read the instructions to the commissioner, whom you
see fit to denominate "the chief clerk of the State Department;"
and I trust that a knowledge of what they contain has dissipated
all your distressing apprehensions of being degraded by me. My
letter informed you that Mr. Trist was " clothed with diplomatic
powers," and his instructions and the projet of a treaty which he
carried with him have ere this apprized you that he is a commis-
sioner, with full power to negotiate a peace. The treaty which
he was authorized to conclude contains an article, as you will
have perceived, which provides for a suspension of hostilities, but
not until the treaty shall have been ratified by the Mexican gov-
ernment. Neither the considerations of humanity, nor sound policy,
would justify the continuance of active military operations after a
treaty of peace had been concluded and ratified on the part of
Mexico, until the information of that fact could be communicated
from Mexico to this place, and an order for the suspension of
hostilities hence transmitted to the commanding general in that
country. It will not be questioned that a commissioner of peace
may be properly vested with the pov/er of agreeing to a suspen-
sion of hostilities in a definitive treaty, negotiated and already
ratified by one party, while waiting the ratification of the other.
As the negotiator is the first to know the fact that a treaty has
been concluded and so ratified, it is beyond dispute, proper that
he should be directed to com^municate the knowledge of that fact
to the commanding general; and it cannot, in my view of the case,,
be derogatory to that officer to be placed under instructions to act
with reference to that fact, when duly notified of it by the com-
missioner. The case cannot be made plainer, or your misappre-
hensions in regard to it more clearly pointed out, than by simply
stating it as it must exist, if the contingency should fortunately
happen on which jou will be required to suspend hostilities. A.
commissioner of peace is sent by the President to your head-quar-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 963
ters, and he makes known to yoi his authority to receive from
Mexico offers for concluding a peace. You are informed, by his
instructions and the projet of a treaty which he is required to ex-
hibit to you, that on the conclusion and ratification of a treaty of
peace by Mexico, hostilities immediately thereafter are to cease.
With all these facts fully made known to you in advance, you are
directed by the President to suspend hostilities on receiving writ-
ten notice from the commissioner that the contingency — the con-
clusion and ratification of a treaty of peace by Mexico — has hap-
pened. Under these circumstances, can you conceive that, as com-
manding general of the force in Mexico, you have the right to
raise a question upon your duty to obey this direction, coming,
as it does, through a proper channel, from your superior — the com-
mander-in-chief? In my opinion, you could not have wandered
further from the true view of the case, than by supposing that the
President or myself has placed you in the condition of deferring
"to the chief clerk of the Department of State the question of
continuing or discontinuing hostilities." I cannot conceive that
any well-founded exception can be taken to the order you have
received in relation to suspending hostilities; and I am fully per-
suaded that if the contingency requiring you to act upon it shall
ever occur, you will promptly carry it into full effect.
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Winfield Scott,
Commanding U. S. Army, Mexico.
No. 28.
[No. 28.] Head-quarters of the Army,
Jalapa, May 20, 1847.
Sir: Less than half the train, and less than a third of the sup-
plies, expected up about the 14th instant, at the date of my report
No. 26, arrived. The quartermaster at Vera Cruz had over-es-
timated his number of wagons and animals, and the latter were
found too feeble to transport full loads through the heat and sands
of the low country. No money came by that train to the quarter-
master or commissary, as none had arrived for either, at Vera Cruz,
from New Orleans. The paymaster here received about two hun-
dred and eighty thousand dollars — the half of his estimate for Jan-
uary, February, March, and April.
If it be expected, at Washington, as is now apprehended, that
this army is to support itself by forced contributions levied upon
the country, we luay ruin and exasperate the inhabitants, and starve
ourselves; for it is certain they would sooner remove or destroy
the products of their farms, than allow them to fall into our hands
without compensation. Not a ration for man or horse would be
brought in, except by the bayonet, which would oblige the troops
to spread themselves out many leagues to the right and left, in
search of subsistence, and to stop all military operations.
964 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Of money, there is but little in any part of the country, except
in the hands of foreign miners and merchants, intended for ex-
portation. None has come down as low as Jalapa, since we in-
vested Vera Cruz; but we suppose that at Puebla, and beyond, we
shall be able to sell drafts on the United States readily at par, or
perhaps at a premium.
I know nothing of the receipts at the custom-houses of Vera
Cruz, TampicOj &c. Probably they are but inconsiderable; but, if
great, we could not, after this date, and when further advanced,
draw upon them for the uses of this army.
Another train of wagons (one hundred and seventy) is just en-
tering this city from Vera Cruz, under the escort of Captain
Walker and Ruff's riflemen. If it has a second third of the es-
sential supplies now long waited for — medicines, ammunition,
clothing, salt, &c., — I shall advance, having lost the hope of re-
ceiving further reinforcements, except some nine hundred recruits
for the old regiments of this army, of which we have notice from
the adjutant general at Washington. I shall send down, by conva-
lescent officers and men principally belonging to the discharged
volunteer regiments, a small train of wagons to meet these recruits,
and to be added to any new means of transportation the quarter-
master may have at Vera Cruz. When they come up, we shall
lose, for months, all dependence on that depot.
I shall leave in garrison here the 1st artillery (five companies)
serving as infantry, one troop of horse, the whole of the 2d Penn-
sylvania, and three companies of the 1st Pennsylvania regiments.
Brevet Colonel Childs is designated as the governor and comman-
der of the place.
The garrison of the castle of Perote will continue as at present;
a detachment of artillerists to serve the batteries, a troop of horse,
and seven companies of the 1st Pennsylvania volunteers: with
Colonel Wynkoop, of the latter, as governor and commander.
Worth's and Quitman's divisions entered Puebla the 15th instant.
Santa Anna, from Oiizaba, preceded them a short time, and has, it
is said, taken up a defensive position near Rio Frio, equidistant
(14 leagues) from Puebla and the capital, with a force (variously
reported) of from two thousand to four thousand men. If he
stand, we shall assault him, with confidence, no matter what may
be his numbers. The advance at Puebla has instructions, as I have
heretofore reported, to wait there for the arrival of the reserve,
(Twigg's division,) or until further orders.
I find that the train just in has brought up but a small part of
the ammunition needed. Nevertheless, we shall advance without
further delay.
I enclose herewith copies, in English and Spanish, of a procla-
mation I was induced to issue on the 11th instant. It was original-
ly, under my directions, written in Spanish, at the instance of per-
sons of very high standing and influence, some of them of the
church, who suggested the topics and sentiments the most likely
to find a response in the bosoms of the Mexicans, and to promote
the cause of justice, moderation, and peace. To the cast of the
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 965
proclamation I saw no American objection. Its effects, as far as
we have heard, are very favorable; but the express (a Mexican) en-
gaged by the deputation to take the printed copies to the capital
was intercepted near Puebla.
Mr. Trist arrived here on the 14th instant. He has not done me
the honor to call upon me. Possibly he has thought the compli-
ment of a first visit was due to him! I learn that he is writing a
reply to my answer to him dated the 7th instant. A copy of that
answer I enclosed to you the moment it was written. It is not pro-
bable that I shall find leisure to read his reply, much less to give a
rejoinder.
When I wrote to you and Mr. Trist late in the night of the 7th
instant, to go down by a detachment of horse that I was obliged to
despatch early the next morning, I had not time to defend the po-
sition you had forced me to assume; I shall now but glance at that
position. The Hon. Mr. Benton has publicly declared, that if the
law had passed making him generaiin-chief of the United States
armies in Mexico, either as lieutenant general or as junior major
general over seniors, the power would have been given him not
only of agreeing to an armistice, (which would, of course, have ap-
pertained to his position,) but the much higher power of concluding
a treaty of peace; and it will be remembered, also, that in my let-
ter to Major General Taylor, dated June 12, 1846, written at your
instance, and, as I understood at the time, approved by the cabinet,
his power to agree to an armistice was merely adverted to in order
to place upon it certain limitations. I understand your letter to me
of the 14th ultimo as not only taking from me, the commander of
an army under the most critical circumstances, all voice or advice
in agreeing to a truce with the enemy, but as an attempt to place
me under the military command of Mr. Trist; for you tell me that
" should he make known to you, in writing, that the contingency
has occurred in consequence of which the President is willing that
further active military operations should cease, you will regard
such notice as a direction from the President to suspend them until
further orders from this department."
That is, I am required to respect the judgment of Mr. Tristhere
on passing events, purely military, as the judgment of the Pres-
ident, who is some two thousand miles off !
I suppose this is to be the second attempt of the kind ever made
to dishonor a general-in-chief in the field, before or since the time
of the French convention.
That other instance occurred in your absence from Washington,
in June, 1845, when Mr. Bancroft, acting Secretary of War, in-
structed General Taylor in certain matters to obey the orders of
Mr. Donaldson, charge d'affaires in Texas; and you may remember
the letter that I wrote to General Taylor, with the permission
of both Mr. Bancroft and yourself, to correct that blunder.
The letter may be found on record in my office at Washington.
Whenever it may be the pleasure of the President to instruct me
directly, or through any authorised channel, to propose or to
agree to an armistice with the enemy, on the happening of any
given contingency or contingencies, or to do any other military
966 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
act, I shall most promptly and cheerfully obey him; but I entreat
to be spared the personal dishonor of being again required to obey
the orders of the chief clerk of the State Department as the orders
of the constitutional commander-in-chief of the army and navy of
the United States.
To Mr. Trist, as a functionary of my government, I have caused
to be shown, since his arrival here, every proper attention. I sent
the chief quartermaster and an aid-de-camp to show him the rooms
I had ordered for him. I have caused him to be tendered a sentinel to
be placed at his door and to receive his orders. I shall from time
to time send him word of my personal movements, and I shall con-
tinue to show him all other attentions necessary to the discharge
of any diplomatic functions with which he may be entrusted.
I have the 1, onor to remain, very respectfully, your most obedi-
ent servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Hon W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War.
P. S. May 21. — I put under cover portions of an unofficial letter
just received from Major General Worth.
They are highly interesting. But one company, mounted, under
Captain Wheat, was re-enlisted (for the war,) out of the whole of
the old volunteers. It has just arrived from Vera Cruz..
The reserve wnll positively advance to-morrow. The deficiency
in supplies from Vera Cruz has resulted, I find, not so much from
the want of wagons and animals there, as from the want of drivers
and conductors. Some 400 old volunteers engaged here for the
wagons and pack mules broke oflf at Vera Cruz, and embarked with
their respective companies. W. S.
[CojDi/ of letter referred to a})ove.\
Head-quarters of the Army,
Washington^ July 5, 1845.
Sir: In the instructions to you from the acting Secretary of
V7ar, dated the 15th ultimo, an expression is used which might
seem to place you, in certain matters, under the directions of the
United States charge d'affairs in Texas. I yesterday, on seeing
those instructions for the fitst time, called the attention of both Mr.
Secretary Marcy and Mr. Secretary Bancroft, to that expression,
when both promptly agreed that the word information^ or advice^
ought to have been substituted " for directions." The true rule, on
this point, is laid down in the letter to you from the War Depart-
ment of the 28th of May last, w^hich I find acknowledged in your
report, just received, pf the 18th ultimo. The views of the report
are highly approved.
I remain, sir, with great respect, your most obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Maj. Gen. Z. Taylor..
True copy: R. JONES, Adjutant General.
January 14, 1847.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 967
Extracts of an xinojfficial letter of Major General Worth to Major
General Scott, dated at
PuEBLA, May 19, 1847.
" Many supplies bespoken on the route, of persons exceedingly
well disposed, have been kept back by menaces and the interposi-
tion of guerilla bands.
" I beg to suggest the convenience of securing as much corn as
can be taken into the wagons and packed upon mules, pressed en
route, particularly at Venta el Penal, around which, in short dis-
tances, there is a large amount and every disposition to sell.
'' I commend the principal persons you will find there to special
consideration. There must be the sernblance of coercion.
" I incline to the belief that there may be some 6 to 800 of beg-
garly cavalry between us, perdu, to strike at some miserable strag-
gler or a loosely conducted train; but no force that could be whip-
ped to the assault of 100 of our men in compact order and good
array.
"My intelligence is limited to the reports of spies; the concur-
ring information of several sets amount to this: that yesterday and
the day before Santa Anna's force abandoned the project of making
a stand at San Martin, on the Rio Frio, (Tesmaluca,) where works
had been constructed, having discovered, on more detailed exami-
nation, that both points could be easily turned; that the whole of
his badly armed force is marching on the capital. Again, there
are, as usual, abundance of rumors of heavy forces approaching from
the south and southwest.
" We are rapidly accumulating supplies of the essentials, and could
soon garner up sufficient for all our wants, with a few hundred cav-
alry to control actively a large circle and allay the fears of holders.
" It was most fortunate that I got hold of one copy of your pro-
clamation. To-day I had a third edition struck off, and am now
with hardly a copy on hand.
'' It takes admirably, and my doors are crowded for it — with the
people (of all classes) it takes admirably, and has produced more
decided effects than all the blows from Palo Alto to Cerro Gordo.
"I have scattered them far and wide, and taken three chances to
get them into the capital.
" I have already told you that those you sent were intercepted,
as also all your communications.
" The elections came off in the States on the 15th. It is gene-
rally believed Herrera will succeed. Shots are being fired in the
capital. A pronunciamento is hourly expected, and this is probably
the secret of Santa Anna's march upon that point.
" He is in extremis. All agree that his day is passed.
" The archives, and much public property, has already been re-
moved from the capital to Morales, whither the Congress is to ge,
if not already gone, as also most of the notables.
968 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
*' Here we are greatly straitened for funds, but I think, through
certain high moral influences, we may get along until you come
up.''
Respectfully communicated for the information of the Hon. Sec-
retary of War. By command.
G. W. LAY,
Lieutenant and Military Secretary.
Head-quarters or the Army,
Jalapa, May 21, 1847.
El General- en- gefe de los Egercitos de los Estados-Unidos de
America^ a la nacion Megicana.
Megicanos: Los ultimos sucesos de la guerra y las providencias
que en consecuencia ha dictado vuestro gobierno: me ponen en el
deber de dirijirme a vosotros para demostrares verdades que ig-
norais, porque os las ocultan maliciosamente. No quiero que me
creais por mis palabras, aunque tiene derecho para que lo crean el
que jamas ha faltado a ella, sino que juzgueis de estas verdades,
por los hechos que estan d la vista y a la calificacion de todos
vosotros.
Cualquiera que fuera el origen de esta guerra que mi nacion se
vio obligada a emprender por causas imprescindibles, que entiendo
desconoce la mayor parte de la nacion Megicana, lo consideramos
como una fatalidad, porque siempre lo es una guerra para las dos
partes beligerantes, y la razon y la justicia se ponen en duda, si no
se desconocen enteramente por ambos lados, creyendo cada cual
que el las tiene. La prueba de esta verdad la' teneis los Megica-
nos lo mismo que nosotros; pues en Megico, asi como en I03 Es-
tados-Unidos, ecsistieron y ecsisten dos partidos oquestos, que de-
sean la paz el ^no y la guerra el otro. Pero los gobiernos tienen
deberes sagrados de los que no pueden prescindir, y muchas veces
estos deberes imponen por conveniencias nacionales un silencio y
una reserva que algunas veces desagradan a la mayoria de los que
hacen la oposicion por miras puramenta personales 6 particulares,
y que no deben considerar los gobiernos, suponiendo que la nacion
tiene en ellos la confianza que merece un magistrado que ella
misma eligio.
Razones de alta politica y de interes continental Americano com-
prometieron los sucesos apesar de la circunspeccion del gabinete
de Washington, que deseando ardientemente poner un terraino a
todas sus diferencias con Megico, no perdono recursos de cuantos
fueron compatibles con su decoro y dignidad para llegar a tan
deseado finj y cuando alimentaba la mas lisonjera esperanza de ob-
tener por medio de su franca esplicacioa y del razonamiento some-
tido al juicio y cordura del virtuoso y patriotico gobierno del
General D. J. Herrera, la desgracia menos esperado hizo desapare-
cer aquella grata esperanza, y a la vez obstruyo todos los caminos
.que pudieran conducir a una transacion honrosa para los dos na-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 969
clones. El nuevo gobierno desconocio Ips intereses nacionales asi
como los continentales Americonos, y eligio ademas las influencias
estranas mas oquestas a estos intereses y mas funestas para el por-
venir de la libertad Megicana y del sistema republicano que los
Estados Unidos tienen un deber de conservar y proteger. El de-
ber, el honor y el propio decoro nos puso en la necesidad de no
perder un tiempo que violentaban los hombres del partido monar-
quico, porque era preciso no perder momento, y obramos con la
actividad y decision necesarias en casos tan urgentes, para evitar
asi la complicacion de intereses que podrian hacer mas dificil y
comprometida nuestra situacion.
De neuvo en el curso de la guerra civil fue derrocado vuestro
gobierno del General Paredes, y nosotros no pudimos menos que
creer que esto seria un bien, porque cualquiera otro personel que
representara al gobierno seria menos iluso, a la vez que mas patri-
ota y mas prudente, si habia de atender al bien comun conside-
rando y pesando todas las probabilidades, su fuerza, elementos, y
sobre todo la opinion mas general respecto de resullados positives
de la guerra nacional. Nos equivocamos nosotros, como acaso se
equivocaron los Megicanos tambien, al juzgar de las intenciones
verdaderas del General Santa Anna, a quien ellos llamaron y nues-
tro gobierno permitio regresar.
En este estado, la nacion Megicana ha visto cuales han sido los
resultados que todos lamentan, y nosotros sinceramente, porque
apreciamos como es debido el valor y la noble decision de los des-
gracioados que van al combate, mal conducidos, peor dirijidos, y
casi siempre violentados por el engano 6 la perfidia.
Somos testigos, y como parte afectada no se nos tachara de par-
cialeSj cuando he.iios lamentado con admiracion, que el heroico
comportamiento de- la guarnicion de Veracruz en la valiente de-
fenza qu hizo, fue infamado por el general que acaba de ser derro-
tado y puesto en vergonzosa fuga por un numero muy inferior al
de las fuerzas que mandaba, en Buena Vista: que este general pre-
mio a los pronunciados en Megico, siendo promovedores de la
guerra civil, y ultrajo a los que singularmente se acababan de dis-
tinguir resistiendo mas alia de lo que podia esperarse, con una de-
cision admirable.
Por ultimo, el sangriento suceso de Cerro Gordo ha puesto en
evidencia a la nacion Megicana lo que razonablemente debera esperar
si por mas tiempo continua desconociendo la verdadera situacion a
que la han conducido algunos de sus generales a quienes mas ha
distinguido y en los que mas ha confidado.
Dolor y lagrimas causaria al horabre de mas dura corazon con-
templar los campos de battallia en Megico un minuto despues del
ultimo tiro. Los generales a quienes la nacion ha pagado por tan-
tos anos, sin que la sean utiles, con algunas honrosas escepciones,
el dia que los ha necesitado, han servido de perjuicio con su mal
egeraplo 6 su impericia. Alii entre los muertos y los heridos no
se ven pruebas de honor militar, porque estan casi reducidos a la
triste suerte del soldado, y esta ha sido en todas ocasiones desde
Palo Alto hasta Cerro Gordo, quedar los muertos insepultos y los
970 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
heridos abandonados a la clemencia y caridad del vencedorj y sol-
dados que van a batirse con conocimiento de esperarles esta recom-
pensa, bien merecian ser reconocidos por los mejores del mundo,
porque no los estimula ni una gloria efimera, ni un suspiro, ni un
recuerdoj y ni siquiera un sepulcro.
Pues bien, contemplad ahora Megicanos honorados, la suerte de
los ciudadanos pacificos y laboriosos en todas las clases de vuestra
sociedad. Los bienes de la iglesia amenazados y presentados como
aliciente para la revolucion y la anarquia; la fortuna de los ricos
propietarios senalada para rapina de los perversos; el comerciante
y el artesano, el labrador y el fabricante agoviados de con, tribu-
ciones, alcabalas, estancos, derechos de consumorodeado de guardas y
empleados de las odiosas aduanas interiores. El literato y el legista,
el hombre libre de saber que se atreve a hablar perseguido sin ser
juzgado por algun partido 6 por los mismos gobernantes que abusan
del poder; los criminales sin castigo y puestos en libertad, como
los que estaban en la fortaleza de Perote [cual es pues, Megicanos,
la libertad de que gozais?
Yo no creo que los Megicanos hijos del siglo presente les falte
el valor para confesar errores que no les deshonran y para adoptar
un sistema de verdadera libertad, de paz, y union con sus herma-
nos vecinos del Norte.
Tampoco puedo creer que ignoren la infamia con que nos ultra-
jan en los periodicos para concitar a la rebelion; no, el espiritu
publico no se crea ni ce reanima con falsedades. Nosotros no
hemos profanado vuestros templos, ni abusado de vuestras muge-
res, ni ocupado vuestra propiedad, como os lo quieren hacer creer,
y lo decimos con orgullo y lo acreditamos con vuestros mismos
obispos y con los curas de Tampico, Tuspan, Matamoros, Mon-
terey, Veracruz, y Jalapa; con todos los religiosos y autoridades
civiles y vecinos de los pueblos todos que hemos ocupado. No-
sotros adoramos al mismo Dios, y una gran parte de nuestro eger-
cito, asi como de la poblacion de los Estados-Unidos, somos catoli-
cos como vosotros: castigamos el delito donde quiera que le hal-
lamos y premiamos al merito y a la virtud.
El egercito de los Estados-Unidos respeta y respetara siempre la
propiedad particular de toda clase, y la propiedad de la Inglesia
Megicana; y des graciado de aquel que asi no lo hiciere! donde
nosotros estemos.
Megicanos, lo pasado no puede ya remediarse; pero lo futuro
puede precaverse todavia: repetidas veces os he manifestado que el
gobierno y pueblo de los Estados-Unidos desea la paz, desea vues-
tra sincera amistad. Abandonad pues rancias preocupaciones y
dejad de ser el juguete de la ambicion particular y conducios como
una nacion grande Americana; dejad de una vez esos habitos de
colonos y sabed ser verdaderamente libres, verdaderamente repub-
licanos, y muy pronto podeis ser muy ricos y muy felices, pues
teneis todos los elementos para serlo, mas pensad que sois Ameri-
canos y que no ha de venir de Europa vuestra felicitad.
Deseo en conclusion manifestar, y con igual franqueza, que si
necesario fuese vendria muy pronto un egercito de cien mil hom-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 971
bres, y que los Estados-Unidos no terminarian sus diferenpias con
Megico, ,teniendo que hacerlo por las armas, de un raodo incierto,
ni precarioj y menos deshonroso, y yo agraviaria a la parte ilus-
trada de este pais si dudara que ellos conocen esta verdad.
La autorizacion para forma guerrillas que nos hostilicen, os
aseguro no producira sino males al pais y ningun mal a nuestro
egercito que sabra precaverse y proceder contra ellos; y si, lejos
de calmar los animos y las pasiones procurais irritarlas nos pon-
dreis en el duro caso de las represalias y entonces no podreis ni
culparnos de las consecuencias que recaeran sobre vosotros.
Marcho con mi egercito para Puebla y Megico, no os lo oculto;
desde estas capitales os volvere a hablar; deseo la paz, la amistad
y la union; a vosotros os toca elegir si preferis continuar la guerra;
de todos modosj estad seguros que nunca falt'a ra a su palabra el
general.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Cuartel General del Egercito.
Jalapa, Mayo 11 de 1847.
The general-in- chief of the armies of the United States of America .^
to the Mexican nation.
Mexicans: The late events of the war, and the measures adopted
in consequence by your government, make it my duty to address
you, in order to lay before you truths of vs^hich you are ignorant,
because they have been criminally concealed from you. I do not
ask you to believe me singly on my word — though he who has not
been found false has a claim to be believed — but to judge for your-
selves of these truths, from facts within the view and scrutiny of
you all.
Whatever may have been the origin of this war, which the
United States were forced to undertake by insurmountable causes,
we regard it as an evil. War is ever such to both belligerents;
and the reason and justice of the case, if not unknown on both sides,
are in dispute, and claimed by each. You have proof of this truth
as well as we; for in Mexico, as in the United States, there have
existed, and do exist, two opposite parties — one desiring peace;
another, war.
Governments, however, have sacred duties to perform, from
which they cannot swerve; and these duties frequently impose,
from national considerations, a silence and a reserve that displease,
at times, the majority of those who, from views purely personal or
private, are found in opposition; to which governments can pay
little attention, expecting the nation to repose in them the confi-
dence due to a magistracy of its own selection.
Considerations of high policy and of continental American in-
terests precipitated events, in spite of the circumspection of the
cabinet at Washington. This cabinet, ardently desiring to termi-
972 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
nate all differences with Mexico, spared no efforts compatible with
honor and dignity. It cherished the most flattering hopes of at-
taining this end by frank explanations and reasonings addressed to
the judgment and prudence of the virtuous and patriotic govern-
ment of General Herrera. An unexpected misfortune dispelled
these hopes, and closed every avenue to an honorable adjustment.
Your new government disregarded your national interests as well
as those of continental America, and yielded, moreover, to foreign
influences the most opposed to those interests — the most fatal to
the future of Mexican liberty, and of that republican system which
the United States hold it a duty to preserve and to protect. Duty,
honor, and dignity, placed us under the necessity of not losing a
season, of which the monarchical party was fast taking advantage.
As not a moment was to be lost, we acted with a promptness and
decision suited to the urgency of the case, in order to avoid a com-
plication of interests which might render our relations more difficult
and involved.
Again: in the course of civil war, the government of General
Paredes was overthrown. We could not but look upon this as a
fortunate event, believing that any other administration, represent-
ing Mexico, would be less deluded, more- patriotic, and more pru-
dent— looking to the common good, weighing probabilities, strength,
resources, and, above all, the general opinion as to the inevitable
results of a national war. We were deceived — as perhaps you,
Mexicans, were also deceived — in judging of the real intentions of
General Santa Anna, whom you recalled, and whom our government
permitted to return.
Under this state of things the Mexican nation has seen the results
lamented by all, and by us most sincerely; for we appreciate, as is
due, the valor and noble decision of those unfortunate men who go
to battle, ill-conducted, worse cared for, and almost always en-
forced by violence, deceit, or perfidy.
We are witnesses — and we shall not be taxed with partiality, as
a party interested, when we lament with surprise — that the heroic
behavior of the garrison of Vera Cruz, in its valiant defence, has
been aspersed by the general who had just been routed and put to
shameful flight at Buena Vista, by a force far inferior to his own;
that the same general rewarded the insurgents of the capital — pro-
moters of civil war — and heaped outrage on those who had just ac-
quired for themselves singular distinction by a resistance beyond
expectation, and of admirable decision.
Finally, the bloody event of Cerro Gordo has plainly shown the
Mexican nation what it may reasonably expect, if it longer con-
tinues blind to its real situation — a situation to which it has been
brought by some of its generals, whom it has most distinguished,
and in whom it has most confided.
The hardest heart would have been moved to grief in contem-
plating any battle-field of Mexico, a moment after the last struggle.
Those generals whom the nation has paid without service rendered,
for so many years, have, in the day of need, with some honorable
exceptions, but served to injure her by their bad example or un-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 973
skilfulness. The dead and wounded on those fields received no
marks of military distinction, sharing alike the sad fate which has
been the same from Palo Alto to Cerro Gordon the dead remained
unburied, and the wounded abandoned to the clemency and charity
of the victor. Soldiers who go to battle, knowing they have such
reward to look for, deserve to be classed with the most heroic; for
they are stimulated by no hope of glory, nor remembrance, nor a
sigh — not even a grave.
Again contemplate, honorable Mexicans, the lot of peaceful and
industrious citizens in all classes of your country. The possessions
of the church menaced, and presented as an allurement to revolu-
tion and anarchy; the fortunes of rich proprietors pointed out for
the plunder of armed ruffians; the merchant and the mechanic, the
husbandman and the manufacturer, burdened with contributions,
excises, monopolies, duties on consumption, and surrounded by offi-
cers and collectors of these "odious internal customs; the man of
letters and the legislator; the freemen of knowledge, who dares to
speak, persecuted, without trial, by some faction, or by the very
rulers w^ho abuse their power; and criminals, unpunished, are set
at liberty, as were those of Perote. What, then, Mexicans, is the
liberty of which you boast?
I will not believe that Mexicans of the present day want the
courage to confess errors which do not dishonor them, or to adopt
a system of true liberty — one of peace and union with their
brethren and neighbors of the north.
Neither can I believe Mexicans ignorant of the infamy of the
calumnies put forth by the press, in order to excite hostility against
us. No; public spirit cannot be created nor animated by false-
hood. We have not profaned your temples, nor abused your
women, nor seized your property, as they would have you believe.
We say it with pride, and we confirm it by an appeal to your
bishops and the curates of Tampico, Tuzpan, Matamoras, Monterey,
Vera Cruz, and Jalapa; to all the clergy, civil authorities, and in-
habitants of all the places we have occupied.
We adore the same God; and a large portion of our army, as
well as of the people of the United States, is Catholic like your-
selves. We punish crime wherever we find it, and reward merit
and virtue.
The army of the United States respects, and will ever respect,
private property of every class, and the property of the Mexican
church. Wo to him who does not — where we are.
Mexicans: the past is beyond remedy, but the future may yet be
controlled. I have repeatedly declared to you that the govern-
ment and people of the United States desire peace — desire your sin-
cere friendship. Abandon, then, state prejudices; cease to be the
sport of private ambition; and conduct yourselves like a great
American nation. Abandon at once those old colonial habits, and
learn to be truly free — truly republican. You may then soon
attain prosperity and happiness, of which you possess all the ele-
ments; but reimmher that you are Americans, and that your happi-
ness is not to come from Europe.
«
914
f .{». r.
f •
It -
"(ii r. ^
• r
r
t
FTf flar *
• • t«
l^»
Vm
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 975
p. S. As the duties, in relation to the trade, and the collection
of duties as contributions at the ports of Vera Cruz and Tarapico,
have been devolved upon the governors of those places, and they
have coramunicatfed with me on the subject, my reply and sugges-
tions relating thereto have been directly addressed to them.
War Department, June 15, 1847.
Sir: I have received your letter of the 20th of May, and regret
to learn that you have been disappointed in your expectations in
regard to receiving supplies and munitions f.om the depot at Vera
Cruz. This disappointment was caused, as appears by the last par-
agraph in that letter, by the failure of the arrangement made with
persons who engaged to accompany the train as teamsters.
I have received and laid before the President the copy of your
proclamation to the Mexican nation of the 11th of May. The con-
siderations you have presented to the people of Mexico as induce-
ments to them to wish for peace, and to concur in measures for the
accomplishment of that desirable object, are well selected and ably
enforced. As it could not have been your design to enter into a
full discussion of the causes which led to the war, it is not to be
taken as an authoritative exposition of the views of the Executive
in this respect, but he regards it as a document containing "topics
and sentiments the most likely to find a response in the bosoms of
the Mexicans, and to promote the cause of justice, moderation, and
peace." Such were properly the scope and end of the proclama-
tion, and most ably have they been carried out.
You again advert to the subject presented in your letter of the
7th ultimo to Mr. Trist, and appear still to be laboring under an
unaccountable misconception in regard to it. My letter of the 31st
of May (a copy of which I herewith transmit) presents this matter
in its true light. It will stow you how far you have misled your-
self, and how causelessly you have indulged in complaints, better
characterized as reproofs, against the President and this department.
The President would not have deemed it proper that I should
advert again to this subject, but for the apprehension he has that
your course may obstruct the measures he has taken to procure a
peace. It does not appear, from any communication made by you
to this department, that you have executed or attempted to execute
the ordor w^hich you have received to forward the despatch from
the Secretary of State addressed to the Mexican secretary of foreign
affairs. The President is, however, unwilling to believe that you
have not done your duty in this respect. If it has not been sent,
he presumes that you have not been abje to send it, and that you
will, in due time, explain the causes which compelled you to de-
tain it.
My letter, taken by itself, neither sustains nor excuses such an
interpretation as you have given to it; and, taken in connexion
with the facts which Mr. Trist was directed to communicate to you,
and which it was expected would have been communicated with
that letter, shows how idle it is to imagine that there v/as any at-
D7«
Ex. Doc No 60.
Uuipi to place you *• uui' i the mili.«i
or that )f'U were " required to fr«p#rt •
here (in Mixico) on paBung e»«
Btnl of tlit Pre»itleiit, wLo u it^
reiipeit due to yourtelf at well M that doe
had j)la( ed jou in <\ . ' • ' ''
have lumle )f*u extf
eTen on ad>(juate proof of the tact; and to m*
sure it will uppear to otbcri, ftraoge indr* -^
able to extract any such inference Irom c. >
Trist are both :
Statis, with imp ^
spective sphere of actioi.
ititposed it; the pub!i
If there has btcn a ;
your d(5pat«h the P. ir«t« liist Uir:<
sponsibilit) re»t« »ou.^^.. i.
In relatiun to the direction for aa art.
hosUlitir>, tin- p. ■ '
on the ^ul)J^ * t, •.
right for him to giTc, and c liy one
to obey. He stincerely regn^- j> ^i atraogr
and he is wholly unable to coaceive how >
duty and ^
say of ini 1 ^ , ,
municatioD to a subordinate o&ccr lA aaoth«f t
service.
The information recently rereiTrd krr^ lia*
prehension that Colonel "^
this department to you, v- _ —
lapa. I herewith arnd copies of the cc:
jartment whi
Very :- serTant.
W. 1
» bo
* 1 a«i
Major General W. Scott,
Commanding V. ^. .i. ut JUtsu^.
N. B. — The followinjj i> .in c\tr •
letter purporting to have been -w ■_
SommeS) of the nary, dated head quarter*, .
*' But there i> ' '
cent instructivM)>
baps claim to supersede me m the business c:
ners of war, as in other military a: — - -^-.,
cleik of the Dcparlmont of Su!e, .
sioner to Mexico, has srnve.l at Vt.A Cc
place wiih the train expccttvi up in a few »
better refer the business of your mi>sioB to hic:
suggestion.'^
978 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
make known, if you find it necessary to secure to Mr. Rogers the
treatment clue to him as a prisoner of war, and in such mode as
shall not be deemed offensive as a menace, that the punishment of
this young officer as a spy will be regarded as an unjust departure
from the humane interpretation of the laws of war, adopted by all
civilized nations, and will be met by the severest retaliation. The
kind and liberal treatment extended to X)ur officers and men who
have had the misfortune««to fall into the hands of the Mexican
forces, and which, without boast, I may state has been fully recip-
rocated towards their officers and men, prisoners with us, does not
permit me to expect that the Mexican government will make a
cruel and unjust exception in the case of Mr. Rogers. But the
President deems it his duty to urge the case on your immediate
attention, that the anxieties of his friends may be relieved.
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. Y. MASON. :
Commodore M. C. Perry,
Commanding U. S. naval forces, Gu/f of Mexico.
Booth Hurst,
JYear Newcastle, March 21, 1847.
Sir: I beg leave to express to you my thanks for the extract
from the despatch from Commodore Connor to the department,
and the letter from Doctor Wright, transmitted to me with your
note under date of the 12th instant. The expectations express-
ed in each of them that my son would be soon released from,
his captivity, relieved myself and his friends of much anxiety.
But the mail of this day has brought me intelligence very unfa-
vorable in its aspect. Short extracts from two of the letters,
and also others previously received, I ask permission to lay before
you.
Doctor Wright, under date of February 21st, says:
"The enclosed note from your son, addressed to me, will give
you intelligence of his having been ordered to Perote. I also have
learned, from other sources, that he left Vera Cruz on the day spe-
cified, or the day after — the 15th or 16th. We have no hint of the
occasion for this rigor, and are left to conjecture."
Extract of a letter from my son.
"Quartel del Regt's, No. 2,
Vera Cruz, February 15, 1847.
* * The fact of my being a prisoner, will readily suggest an
excuse for the shortness of my letters. My opportunities for
writing are those of chance. This must be brief, for I have just
received marching orders for Perote. I must confess that my im-
pressions of this place, derived from the accounts of persons who
ha^e visited it in my capacity^ are not of the most favorable char-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 979
acter. But, in spite of these pre-conceptions, I welcomed my or-
ders with much pleasure; for any change will be preferable to my
present confineinent, which has been irksome in the extreme for
some days pist.
" A change of governors brought a difFerem-e in my treatment,
corresponding to their respective characters. Formerly, I was per-*
mitted to take exercise, and the salutary refreshment of the bath,
under the charge of Colonel Caranova, and to see my English
friends. But, latterly, I have been confined to one apartment, and
denied intercourse with all. I have endured the rigors of my situ-
ation 'with tolerable fortitude, and preserved an equable temper,
my temptations to irrascibiiity to the contrary notwithstanding.*
Whether, in the situation to which I am about to be removed, there
will be greater or less demand for the support of philosophy, is
soluable alone by absolute experience.
'"I have received a letter from General La Vega, who is in Mex-
ico, saying, that he will exert his influence to have me liberated,
or sent to Jalapa — certainly a more agreeable place than Perote.
It is written very kindly and commiseratingly. He addresses me
as his " dear friend," and asks me to apply to him, for anything
that I may wish, or in any strait that 1 may be placed. I hope
much advantage from his great influence and reputed sincerity.
"So you see that I can say nothing in reference to freedom from
my ' durance^vile.' I may receive it soon, or it may not be for
long, long months. What adds to the pain of my position, is, the
anxiety of mother — her constant self-torturing fancies and imagi-
nary evils. I deem myself safe from physical violence. If I am
not really so, what avails complaint? I am sure that I can man-
fully suffer the loorst that the enemy can inflict.
" /^ is my duty to tell you that my case is yet before a tribunal.
I was not aware of this until ^iyiformxd by General La Vega. When
they will render their decision, it is impossible to say; for delay is
peculiarly their national characteristic. At first they were for
shooting me. I was denounced as a spy by the press of the city,
and the belligerent editors demanded the penalty from the govern-
ment.
"This will be my last letter for some time to come. My re-
moteness from all lines of communication, and the special orders
against my sending or receiving letters, will prevent me from ap-
prising you of my well-being.
"This vicissitude may return me to you a better, a wiser man —
one who has found the jewel from adversity, and who has been tu-
tored by experience. May my tears now be my baptism and spon-
sors for the future."
Extract from a letter dated December 25.
" I am undergoing a careful investigation. I was questioned as
to ray motives and object in coming on shore, and as to the uses of
a stnall compass and spy-glass in my possession. My replies were
-amusing when I consented to answer, and just as vague and farci-
980 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
cal as possible. I told them I should answer nothing, except when
it suited me; and that if they hoped to derive any knowledge of my
movements, and those of the squadron, from me, they would be
disappointed. They brought one of the crew of the Creole, to re-
cognise whether I assisted at her destruction. He said I was»one
of the party — information I was wailing they should possess. I as-
serted to them, I was captured in the uniform 'of an officer, and
this fact alone was all they should know from me. I am told the
attorney general has transmitted his opinion to the government,
and I now av/ait its decision."
Extract from a letter dated January 11, 1847.
"My situation was, at first, critical; for the advising power de-
cided me a spy. The commander-in-chief overruled this decision,
and reference was made lo the president.
*' Although I cannot complain of a want of personal kindness,
yet I feel that this government has not treated me with that cour-
tesy that is ever due an officer in my situation. It is an inexcusa-
"ble harshness to confine me so long; to deprive me of all liberty,
and leave me unprovided with the common necessaries of life. Gen-
eral Landero told me yesterday, that I would very soon be liber-
ated on parole, or sent in the interior, where I w^ould be unre-
strained until exchanged."
As a parent, I cannot do less than I now do, to make known to
the proper department of the government the material facts which
are to be gathered from the preceding extracts. In relation to his
capture, it is certain he was taken in an open act of 'war, command-
ing an armed party, and in uniform, with side-arms. It is also cer-
tain he has been placed upon trial before a civil tribunalj which has
made an adverse decision upon a question, which, if carried out,
"would reach his life; and he is now informed, from an authentic
source, this outrage upon his rights is still hanging over him, yet
in suspense.
It is true. Commodore Connor, as well as himself, has received
assurance of an early liberation. But another commandant, Gen-
eral Morales comes into power, (as stated in one of his letters,)
and my son is subjected to unusual severity in his imprisonment,
and sent, with the seaman Fox, to the castle of Perote, under strong
guard, to be held in close confinement. This would disturb me but
little, except from its connexion with the other matters — a trial
and conviction by a civil tribunal^ now unreversed.
In conclusion, I beg leave to say there is involved in these
extraordinary proceedings, matters of high importance to all who
bear arms, and which have claims upon the government entirely
apart from the case of the humble individual whose honor and safe-
ty are as dear to me as life itself.
I have the honor to be, with great respect, your obedient servant,
JAMES ROGERS.
To the Hon. John Y. Mason,
Secretary of the J^avy.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 98L
Booth Hurst,
J^ear JYewcastle, March 25, 1847.
Sir: I herewith enclose a letter, received yesterday, which, in
connection wulh the extracts in my communication to you of the
21st instant, shows the critical condition of ray son; and that the
Mexican authorities have nov/ shut out all conclusion that he is
held ns a prisoner of war.
The influence of deep family distress leaves me nothing to say,
except to express an earnest hope, in the language of the resolu-
tions of the legislature of his native State, " that the power of the
United States may be imme<liately interposed to protect him from.
outrage, and to procure his early and honorable release."
I have the honor to be, with much respect, your obedient servant,
JAMES ROGERS.
The Hon. John Y. Mason,
Secretary of the JVavy.
Washington City, March 23, 1847. |
Sir: In answer to your letter of yesterday, v/hich reached me
this morningj I beg to state that on my return from Mexico to
Jalapa, I learned that Mr. Rogers had been transferred to the for-
tress of Perote. On my arrival at Vera Cruz, 26th February last, I
enquired from the commanding general the reasons which had in-
duced him to send Mr. Rogers to that fortress, and his answer was,
that it ^ had been in consequence of an order from the supreme
government. But he informed me, at the same time, that, having
since received orders from the government to continue the trial of
Mr. Rogers, that he had on tliat same day v/ritten to the governor
of Perote to again return him to Vera Cruz. At the request of the
commander and officers of the revenue cutter Forward, as well as
from my own feeling in behajf of your brother, I solicited for him.
the kindest treatment, and General Morales, the commanding gen-
eral of Vera Cruz, who is a particular friend of min^, promised me
that he would be' well attended in — of which I am quite certain,
knowing, as I do, the honorable and g.'^nerous disposition of this
gentleman.
I believe that i*^ will be attempted to try Mr. Rogers as a spy,
but my impression and that of many others is, that he will be
acquitted.
1 am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
A. Y. N. ATOCHA.
William H. Rogers, Esq.,
Wilmingto/oj Delaware.
982 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
U. S. Flag Ship Mississippi, '
Anton Lizardo^ April 29, 1847.
Sir: As an earnest of my desire to carry out the wishes o^ the
President and yourself, in reo^ard to Passed Midshipman Rogers, I
have despatched Lieutenant R. Serames, as a special messenger, to
Mexico, to demand, in person, the release of Mr. Rogers.
The accouipanying copies of papers relating to the subject, will
fully explain my object in sending Lieutenant Semmes.
With great respect, I am, sir, your most obedient servant,
M. C. PERRY,
Commanding home squadron.
Hon. John Y. Mason,
Secretary of the Jfavy.
U. S. Frigate Raritan,
Anton Lizardo, April 27, 1847.
Sir: In obedience to your verbal instructions, I proceeded
yesterday afternoon to the city of Vera Cruz, and had an interview
with Colonel V/ilson, of the United Slates array, the governor of
the citvj and afterwards with General La Vega.
Upon my mentioning to the former your desire of sending me to
the city of Mexico, to effect the exchange of Passed Midshipman
Hogers, he politely offered to do everything in his power to forward
your views and put me in communication with General Scott. He
called with me on Quartermaster Hetzel, and it was arranged that
I should be provided with a couple of horses and an escort of
twenty mounted men, if possible; but if, from any unforseen cause,,
it should be impossible to furnish a special escort, I ^was to ^tart
"with the first wagon train.
From General La Vega I learned that Passed Midshipman P.,ogers
"was, at last accounts, at Puebla — he having been recently removed
thither from Perote. His case is in the hands of the federal gov-
ernment, and has been referred to a military commission, which, as
yet, has made no decision.
I informed General La Vega of the determination of our govern-
ment to demand his release, and, in the event of this not being
acceded to, to retaliate upon any Mexican prisoners that might be
in our power, the same treatment which Mr. Rogers should receive
at the hands of his countrymen. He replied that he was o»e of those
"who had not regarded Mr. Rogers as a spy; that he had no appre-
hensions for his safety, and that his life was perfectly secure. He
says the proper person to whom to address yout despatch on the
subject, will be the minister of foreign relations, Seiior Don Manuel
JBaranda.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. SEMMES,
Lieutenant.
Commodore M. C. Perry,
Com. home squadron, (J. S. steamer Mississippi.
I
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 983
^ • U. S. Flag Ship Mississippi,
Anton Lizardo, Jipril 27, 1847.
' Your Excellency: I am instructed by the Secretary of the Navy,
and, through liira, by the President of the United States, to invite
the immediate altenfioii of the Mexican government to the case of
Passed Midshipman Robert C. Rogers, of the United States navy,
now understood to be held in close confinement by the military au-
thorities of Mexico.
When Mr. Rogers was made piisoner, he was attached to the
United States brig Somers, one of the vessels of war engaged at the
time in the blockade of Vera Cruz, and operating against Mexico
as a public enemy. Whilst thus engaged, he landed on the Mexi-
can shore, near to Vera Cruz, for the purpose of reconnoissance,
having the ulterior object, undoubtedly, of inflicting injury on
Mexico; but without concert with, and having no treasonable in-
tention of corrupting any Mexican citizen. As proof of the in-
tegrity of his intentions, he went in no feigned character; he had
on his person the proper arms and uniform of an officer, and was
accompanied by armed companions.
Under these circumstances, the pretension of the Mexican gov-
ernment to hold him in rigorous confinement and to try him as a
spy. has no sanction in any recognized law among civilized nations.
And it can in no respect be submitted to by the President of the
United States, who has instructed me, through the Secretary of the
Navy, to announce his intention to resort to the severest retalia-
tion, unless Mr. Rogers shall bt> promptly placed on the footing of
a prisoner of war, and as such held entitled to an early exchange.
But the President of the United States indulges the hope that
there may be no necessity to resort to any such rigorous proceeding
on his part. The kind and liberal treatment extended to others of
our officers and men who have been made prisoners by your forces,
and which has been fully reciprocated by us towards those Mexi-
cans who have fallen into our hands, leads the President to expect
that the Mexican government will not make a cruel and unjust ex-
ception in the case of Mr. Rogers.
The urgency with which my attention has been called to this sub-
ject, has induced me to send a special messenger. Lieutenant Ra-
phael Semmes, late commander of the United States brig Somers,
who will have the honor of handing your excellency this commu-
nication, and by him I hope to receive a prompt and favorable
reply.
With great respect, I have the honor to subscribe myself your
most obedient servant,
M. C. PERRY,
Commander-in-Chief U. S. naval forces,
Coast of the United States, West Indies and Gulf of Mexico.
To his.excellency Don Manuel Baranda,
Minister of Foreign Relations
of the supreme government of Mexico.
984 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
U. S. Flag Ship Mississippi,
Anton Lizardoj April 28, 1S47.
Sib: Having been made fully acquainted with the intentions of
the United States fjovernment, respecting the position in which
Passed Midshipman R. C. Rogers has been placed by the Mexican
authoritie;-, and of the object of the mission with which you have
been intrusted, I' have to direct that you proceed with all practica-
ble despatch to the head-quarters of General Scott, and after de-
livering into his hands the communication addressed to him, take
his instructions as to the most advisable means for you to adopt to
enable you to present, in person, the despatch addressed to the min-
ister of foreign relations of Mexico, a course which I should pre-
ferj or, if it be impracticable for you to penetrate safely to the seat
of government, to take such measures as to secure the safe and
speedy delivery of the despatch to the functionary to whom it is
addressed; in which latter alternative you will forward it, with a
communication from yourself, notifying your intention of waiting
at the head-quarters of the army for the reply.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
M. C. PERRY,
Commanding Home squadron.
Lieutenant Raphael Semmes,
U. S. Kavy.
U. S. Flag -Ship Mississippi,
Jinton Lizardo, April 28, 1847.
Sir: I have received instructions from the Secretary of the Navy,
under date the 27th ultimo, directing me, in the name of the Presi-
dent, to protest -against the unjust and cruel pretension of the
Mexican government to hold Passed Midshipman Robert C. Rogers
in rigorous confinement, and to try him as a spy; and I am instruc-
ted to signify the intention-of the President to resort to the sever-
est measures' of retaliation, unless that young officer is immediately
placed upon thn footing of a prisoner of war, and as such held en-
titled to an early exchange.
The urgency of the order to carry out these instructions, in the
most prompt and fxpeditious manner, has induced m.e to despatch
my communication (a copy of which is enclosed) by a special mes-
senger, and Lieutenant Raphael Semmes, late commander of the
Somers, to which Mr. Pvogers belonged, has been intrusted with the
duty.
He has instructions to apply to you for the proper means of pla-
cing hi'.n in communication with the advanced posts of the enemy,
that he may pass on to the present seat of the Mexican government,
if so permitted; there to present, in person, the demand for jhe
release of Mr. Rogers.
I shall be greatly obliged if you will give the necessary orders
for advancing Lieutenant Semmes safely on his way; and I would
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 985
respectfully suggest whether, in the event of failure of the object
of the mission' of Lieutenant Semmes, the release of Mr. Rogers
may not be stiphlated for in whatever terras of capitulation or ex-
change of prisoners that may next be entered into with the enemy.
With great respect, I have the honor to be, your obeiiieiit servant,
M. C. PERRY,
Commanding Home Squadron.
Major General Winfield Scott,
General-in- chief .^ U. S. Army.
United States Flag Ship Mississippi,
Sacrijlcios, May 21, 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to inclose, herewith, copios of a corres-
pondence growing out of the mission of Lieutenant Semmes to ob-
tain the release from imprisonment of Passed Midshipman Rodgers.
With great respect, I am, sir, your most obedient se>-vant,
M. C. PERRY,
Commanding Home Squadron.
To Hon. John Y. Mason,
, Secretary of the JYavy, Washington, D. C.
Jalapa, May 5, 1347.
Sir: I left the city of Vera Cruz, on my way to the city of
Mexico, in obedience to your instructions, on the 30th ultimo. I-
was accompanied by an escort of twenty mounted Tennessee rifles,
who were placed at my disposal by Colonel Wilson, the governor
of Vera Cruz. As the colonel had been obliged to despatch, some
eight or ten hours previously, a train of sixty wagons, with an
escort of but lorty men, he requested me to continue wi^h this
train, upon coming up with it, as far as in my judgment it might
be necessary for its protection — a guerrilla party having attacked
a trai*! a few days previously, and killed and wounded several of our
men. I overhauled the train, a few hours after my departure, at the
small village of Santa Fe, and continued with it for two days^ un-
til we reached the Puente Nacional. Having met with no acci-
dent or obstruction up to this point, I deemed it unnecessary tore-
main longer with it, and pushed on with ray escort for this place,
where I arrived on the evening of the 3d instant. The train has
since come in in safety.
I had an interview with General Scott soon after my arrival, to
whom I presented your despatch, and further explained, in conver-
sation, your wishes, and those of the government, in regard to the
early exchange of Passed Midshipman Rodgers. The general was
of opinion that it \yould be impossible for me to proceed to Mexico,
in advance of the army, without a strong escort of caviilry, even
ifc I should go under a flag of truce; the lawless banditti on the
986 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Toad, unilcr the name of guerrillas, paying no respect to any thing-
but the sword. He was to move forward himself, he said, in a few
days, and, as he could ^not spare me an escort, my only alterna-
tive was to accompany him. He promised rae that, when he should
arrive within a reasonable distance of the'Mexican government, he
•would put me in communication with it, either by sending me for-
ward personally, under a flag a'id escort, or, if this could, not be
done, by forwarding my despatch to the proper officer. I shall
accordingly remain wnth the army during its march, and will avail
myself of the first opportunity that presents itself of carrying out
your orders.
In the meantime, it gives me pleasure to state, for the informa-
tion of the friends of Mr. Ptogers, that he is at present in the city
of Mexico, where he is well treated, and that through the kind in-
tervention of Mr. Hargous, an American citizen now here, he is
supplied with funds necessary for his comfort.
General Worth, in command of the advance guard of the army,
is still at Perote, waiting to be joined by General Scott previous to
a further advance. Two or three of his companies occupy an out
post at a small town (Vireyes) some fifteen or twenty miles on the
road towards Puebla. General Scott will move forward in a few
days. He is on the point of discharging seven regiments of old
volunteers, whose terms of service will expire in a few weeks.
His force (after leaving garrisons at this place and Perote) will be
reduced to about six thousand men; and it is not at all certain that
he will be able to reach the city of Mexico with so small a number.
He will, at all events, march upon Puebla, and await reinforce-
ments there, should it be necessary. But for the necessity of dis-
charging these volunteers, he would certainly have been in the
capital in fifteen days from the present time.
The Mexican government has not removed to Celaya,as you had
been informed previous to my leaving, but is still at its post in the
city of Mexico. Although the battle of Cerro Gordo was a terrible
blow to them, as they openly confess in the public prints of the
capital, they are not, as they say, disheartened, but are determined
to oppose us to the last.
They are making new efforts to raise an army, and are preparing
"to give us another battle at the city of Mexico. I will keep you
informed of my movements from time to time, and give you such
news of the movements of the army, and the state of the countryj,
as I think will be of interest to you.
I am, very respectfully, your obedrent servant,
R. SEMMES, Lieutenant.
Commodore M. C. Perry,
Commanding Home Squadron^ Vera Criiz.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 987
Jalapa, May 10, 1847.
Sir: I addressed you a communication on the 5th instant, in-
forming you that General Scott had declined giving me an escort,
on tlie ground that he was deficient in cavalry, but tnat he had sig-
nified his willingness that I should accompany the army until it
should reach some point near the city of Mexico, when he would
either put me in personal communication with the government or
send forward ray despatches.
To ray great surprise, I was waited on yesterday morning by
General Scott's aid, who informed me on -the part of the general,
that there could be no reason for my remaining longer with the
army, as the general had resolved that no one could have commu-
nication with the Mexican government but himself; and that
consequently, I could not present my despatch, personally or
otherwise, to the functionary to whom it is addressed. I imme-
diately accompanied the aid to head-quarters and requested an in-
terview with the general, which was somewhat abruptly denied
me. I then sat down and addressed him a letter, a copy of which
is enclosed, marked A. To this I received a reply, of which B,
also enclosed, is a copy. General Scott having abandoned, in this
letter, the untenable and extraordinary position assumed by him,
that the government of the United States could hold no intercourse
"with Mexico, except through himself, I shall, (though to all appear-
ances an unwelcome intruder,) in obedience to your orders, ad-
vance with the army until my despatch is delivered and I receive
a reply. I had no authority from yOu to submit to the inspection
of General Scott a copy of your communication to the Mexican
government, but I did so to deprive him of any reason for his con-
duct that might possibly have been drawn from the allegation that
your despatch might have had some bearing on his military opera-
tions. I wished to present to him the naked question, whether he
"was ready to assume the responsibility of turning back a despatch
"written to the Mexican government, by the order of the President
of the United States, and more especially when that despatch had
no reference whatever to his military operations, on the ground
that the President could choose iio other channel of communica-
tion than himself.
General Worth advances to-day upon Puebla; the citizens and
the few military who are there having made every preparation for
his pacific reception.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
' R. SEMMES, Lieutenant.
Commodore M. C. Perry,
Com. in chief j Home Squadron, Vera Cruz.
^88 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
A.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Jalapaj May 8, 1847.
'General: I understood you to say, in the conversation I had the
honor to hold with you, on the evening of my arrival at this place,
that although you had no es.ort then at your command, with which
to forward me to the city of Mexico, in the execution of my mis-
sion, I might continue with the army in its progress, and that when
you should reach some convenient point near the city, you would
either put me in personal communication with the government or
send forward my despatches.
I have this morning been waited upon by Lieutenant Williams,
your aidde-camp, who informs me in vour behalf, that you have
cnanged your resolution on this point,"and that you will not per-
mU me to hold any intercourse with the Mexican government
commodore Perry has been charged by the President of the
united btates to make a communication • to the government of
Mexico, with the nature of which you have been made acquainted.
He has selected me as hi& agent to carry out the views of the Pre-
sident, and has directed me to'apply to 'you for the means of exe-
cuting his orders.
With regard to the question as to who is the proper channel
through which this communication is to be made, 1 can, of course
have nothing to say; that must be settled by higher authority: but
the Presid.erit has thought proper to judge of this for himself, and
1 am here by authority (immediately) of one of the departments o^
the government, as his humble agent. I have specific orders, from
my commander-in-chief, to place personally (with .your assistance)
my despatch in the hands of the minister of foreign relations, or, if
the Mexican government will not permit me to proceed to the capi-
tal in person, to forward it by some safe conveyance, and await
an answer. My object in addressing you this note, is to inquire
whether I understand you as deciding that you will not (at your
convenience) afford me the facilities requested of you by Commo-
dore Perry, to enable me to proceed on my mission, and that you
will not permit me to hold any intercourse, personal or otherw'ise,
with the Mexican government. If this be your decision, as a mili-
tary man you must see the piopriety of giving it to me in writing,
in order that I may exhibit it to ray commander-in-chief, as a suf-
hcient reason for failing to execute his orders; as soon as I receive
this, 1 shall hold myself in readiness to return to the squadron by
the first conveyance.
I enclose, for your inspection, my order in the premises from
<-ommodore Perry, together with a copy of the despatch of that
olhcer to tne Mexican government, from which' you will be able to
see that my mission cannot have, in the remotest degree, any bear-
Ex. Doc. No. GO. 989
ing upon your military operations. I will be obliged to you if you
■will return me these papers after perusal. ^
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. SEMMES,
Lieutenant U. S. JYuvy.
Major General Winfield Scott,
Commanding the Armiea of the U. S.
B.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Jalapa, May 9, 1847.
Sir: I have read your note of yesterday, accompanied by Com-
modore Perry's instructions to you (original) and tiie copy of his
communication to the Mexican minister of foreign affairs, of which
you have been made the bearer, in relation to Passed Midshipman
!^ogers, supposed by Commodore Perry still to be held by the Mex-
ican government, not as a prisoner of war, but as a spy; and I had
some days before received by your hands the letter Qommodore
Perry did me the honor to address to me on the same subject, re-
questing that I would afiord to you the proper means of placing
you in communication with the advanced posts of the enemy, in
order that you might, if permitted to pass to the seat of the Mexi-
can government, and there to present in person, his demand for
the release of Mr. Rogers. Com.modore Perry adds in his commu-
nication to me the suggestion, whether, in the event of a failure of
your special mission, Mr. Rogers may not be released by capitula-
tion, or exchanged, fee, &c.
Premising that I have not as yet addressed a line to any political
functionary in Mexico, if, in fact, there be any government in the
country, and that I have all along intended, at the proper time, to
propose for the exchange of Passed Midshipman Rogers, wuth other
Americans taken prisoners of war, in the northeastern part of this
republic; I think myself, on information, though not official, au-
thorized \o say, that the whole of the papers you have brought to
my notice have had their origin in misapprehension. Mr. Rogers
for many weeks past has not been held a prisoner for any igno-
minious act, but as an honorable prisoner of war, at large on pa-
role within the city of Mexico.
On taking leave of many of the higher Mexican prisoners of
"war, at Vera Cruz, I calledtheir attention to the then reported
confinement of Passed Midshipman Rogers, on the false allegation
that he had been captured in the violation of the laws of war; and
I added, in the most emphatic terms, if any hardship, injury, or
punishment, should be sustained by Mr. Rogers on that false alle-
gation, that I would inflict signal retaliation on the next Mexican
officers whom the fortune of war should place in my power.
Before the 15th ultimo, I had already heard, from whom I con-
sidered creditable persons, that Mr. Rogers had been released from
990 ' Ex Doc. No. 60.
the castle of Perote, and sent np with a single Mexican officer, both
on horseback, to the capital as a prisoner of war. This information
was contirmed "by several of the principal Mexican officers cap-
tured at Cerro Gordo, and again and again since, by respectable
travellers passing through this place from the capital.
I regret that Commodore Perry has thought it necessary to send
you as his special messenger, to treat with the Mexican gavern-
ment, on the subject of Mr. Rogers. Even if I had been ignorant
of the capture and position of the passed midshipman, a note from,
the commodore would have been sufficient to have interested me
officially and personally in his fate, and I doubt the expediency
of more than one channel of communication with the Mexican gov-
ernment on such subjects. '
But here is at hand another functionary, who, under very recent
instructions from the President of the United States, may perhaps
claim to supersede me in the business of exchanging prisoners of
war, as on other military arrangements. Mr. Trist, chief clerk of
the Department of State, appointed minister or commissioner to
Mexico, has arrived at Vera Cruz, and may be at this place with
the train expected up in a few days. Perhaps you had better refer
the business of your mission to him. I only make the suggestion.
The difficulty of sending forward a flag of truce at this time
■with communications to the Mexican government, if there be a
competent government anywhere, consists in the necessity of pro-
tectino- the flag, by a large escort, against rancheros or banditti,
who infest the road all the way to the capital, and who rob and pur-
der even v^'bunded Mexican officers returning on . parole to their
friends.
When nearer to the capital, sometime hence, I may nevertheless
have occasion to communicate officially, under the cover of a flag
and a heavy escort, with any body then that may be in authority,
on the subject of prisoners of war generally. Your communica-
tion, and any that Mr. Trist may detire to submit, may go by the-
same opportunity. In the meantime, you can remain here, return
to Commodore Perry's squadron, or advance with the array, as may
seem to you best. I have no advice to off'er on the subject.
With high personal respect, I remain yours, truly,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Lieutenant R. Semmes,
United States JVavy, fyc, c^c, ^c.
United States Flag-Ship Mississippi,
* Sacrijicios, May 27, 1847.
Sir: I have received your several letters of the 5th, lOih, and
16th instnuts, with copies of your comaiunication to General Scott,
and his ^eply thereto, and I take pleasure in expressing my appro-
bation of the course pursued by you. C,ontinue to urge every
practicable measure of effecting the object of your mission, enn-
•6'
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 991
sistently with the most perfect respect and consideration for the hi^h
station of the distinguished officer at the head of the army.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
M. C. PERRY,
Commanding home squadron.
Lieutenant' R. Semmes,
United States 7iavy^ Jalapa. *
United States Flag Ship Mississippi,
Sacrijicios, May 27, 1847.
Sir: I have received from Lieutenant Semraes, of the navy a
copy of a letter addressed by you to that officer, in reply to o'ne
from him.
In your communication I regret to notice the words quoted as
follows: " I regret that Commodore Perry has thought it necessary
to send you as his special messenger, to treat wilh the Mexican
government on the subject of Mr. Rogers. Even if I had been
ignorant of the capture and position of the passed midshipman a
note from the commodore would have been sufficient to have
interested me officially and personally in his fate, and 1 doubt the
expediency of more than one channel of communication with the
Mexican eovernment."
,It is to be presumed that in penning the above paragraph you
must have forgotten that Captain Aulick called upon you, on the
eve of your departure from Vera Cruz, with a request from me that
you would bear in special remembrance the situation of Mr. Rogers.
See enclosed extract of an official memorandum of Captain Aulick
marked A.
Since then, I have received positive instructions to urge, with
becoming energy, upon the Mexican government, the necessity of
the immediate release of Mr. Rogers; and 1 was careful to ascertain
before the departure of Mr. Semmes, from an authentic source the
true situation of the prisoner. From General La Veo-a, to whom I
directed Lieutenant Semmes to apply, I received information which
is contained in the enclosed extract, marked B.
x\s to the expediency of having but one channel of communica-
tion with the Mexican government, I have little to say. It was
enough that the order came to me, through the Secretary of the
Navy, from our common superior, the constitutional commander-
in-chief of the army and navy of the United States, and it would
seem most proper that, as' Mr. Rogers belonged to the navy that I
as commander-in-chief of the naval forces operating in the gulf
acting entirely distinct and independent of your command, should
be the chosen channel of communication with the Mexican govern-
ment in his c-ise, as in all matters connected with my exclusive
command. The sending of Mr. Semmes by the way of your camp
992 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
was purely a measure of expediency, that he might be facilitated:
oji his journey.
I am, sir, with great respect, your most obedient servant,
M. C. PERRY,
Commanding home squadron.
Major General Winfield Scott,
Genercil-in-chiefj United Stat-es army.
A. •
Extract of an official memorandmn from Capicin Jiulick.
Monday, April 12.
I also handed him (General Scott) the commodore's letter, de-
siring him to endeavor to obtain the release of Midshipman Rogers,
confined in the castle of Perote. to which- he replied that he would
make it a point to do so at the earliest moment practicable.
J. H. AULICK.
B.
April 27, 1847.
From General La Vega, I learned that Passed Pvlidshipman
Rogers was, at last accounts, at Puebla; he having been recently
removed hitiier from Perote, His case is in the hands of the fed-
eral government, and has been referred to "a militar}- commission,
which as yet has matie no decision.
R. SEMMES, Lieutenant.
Navy Department, June 21, 1847.
Si^: Your despatch of the 27th of May, enclosing copies of a
correspondence growing out of the mission of Lieutenant Semmes,
to obtain the release of Passed Midshipman Rogers, has been re-
ceived, and the course pursued by you in the matter is approved.
It is not more gratifying to the department to witness the anxiety
manifested by you and by Lieutenant Sera'mes to execute the orders
in regard to Passed Midshipman Rogers, than to observe the cour-
tesy and respect exhibited to the distinguished officer in command
of the army. As no disrespect to that officer could be inferred, or
was intended, by my orders to you, or by your mode of executing
them, I have to hope, as I confidently expect, that nothing
will occur to justify his erroneous interpretation of the pro-
ceeding.
I am, respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. Y. MASON.
Commodore M. C. Perrt, •
Commanding^ home squadron.
Ex. Doc. No. GO. ' 993
No. 29.
Head-quarteks of the Armv",
Puebla, June 4, 1847.
Sir: I arrived here, with four troops of horse, on the 28th ult.
Twigg's division came up th^ ne?ct da}'.
I enclose herewith a copy f Brevet Major General Worth's re-
port, dated the ]5th ultimo, (^ihe original was intercepted by the
€nemy,) of an affair he had with General Santa Anna at Amosoque,
some eight lailes from tlas place.
The effective stren,^^th of this array has been surprisingly re-
duced. Besides the discharge of seven regiments and two inde-
^pendent companies of * id volunteers, we had to leave in hospital
about 1.000 men at Vera Ciuz, as many sick and wounded at Ja-
laipa, an'! 200 sick at Perote. Here wc have on the sick report
1,017. Not a corps has made a forced march except in the pursuit,
after the battle of Cerro Gordo, and every possible attention has
been given to the health of the troops. The general sickness may
be attributed to' several causes: 1. Tue great contrast in climates
above and below Cerro Gordo; 2. The irsufficiency of clothing,
but little having arrived when the army marched, from Vera Cruz;
and, 3. The Vvant of salt meats, the troops not having had any
cftener than one day in nine since v/e reached the elevated country,
as our insufficient means of transportation allowed us to bring up
only small quantities of bacon and no mess pork. The prevailing
diseases nave been chills and fevers, and diarrhosa.
?Iaking the further deductions of the killed and wounded, the
garrisons of Vera Cruz, Jalapa and Perote, and we have here but
6.^8^0 elTective non-commissioned officers, artihcers, musicians and
privates; a force evidently insufficient to garrison this large open
city, and to march upon the capital, where, or near it, we may pro-
bably have to beat an indifferent army of from 12,000 to 25,000
men. This we could do with 4,000, but at a loss, probably, of one-
fourth of our numbers; whereas with 8,000, our loss would not ex-
ceed some 300,
Not having heard of the approach of reinforcements from any
•quarter — not even of the 960 recruits for the old regiments, who
%vere to embark at New York, and Newport, Kentucky — I have at
length determined to abandon Jalapa, and to bring up to the head
of tiie army the garrison of that city, with a part of the garrison
of Perote, in order to be in a better condition to advance upon and
to occupy the capital. See, herewith, my instructions of yesterday
to Colonel Childs, the governor and commander of Jalapa.
It is ascertained that any sick or wounded' men left in the road,
or in small villages, w^ould be certainly murdered by guerilla par-
ties, rancheros, or banditti, and I am not* absolutely certain that
threats of punishment will render our hospitals safe, even in large
cities. The want of reinforcements long promised and expected
has (hiven me to this painful experiment.
The delay hf re until about the 22d instant may, however, be com-
G3
934 Ex. Doc. No. GO. ,
■pensntfrl by one important advantafre. General Santa Anna has
rer.onnceil tlit- presiilency; (see his piintfi! ietK^^ herewith.) It is
unHerslood t\iat a new government will be instaUrH on the 15;h in-
stant, and there is good ground to hope uniier Herrera or Trias,
botli sup{)Osed to br desirous of peace with the United States. If
we were previously to occu[>y the cnpilal, the friends of peace
(most oi the leadeis of the party belong to the capital) would be
dispersed; or if th«y renjained and 'organized under our colorSj
their government would be <!enounred and decried as set up by
their array, aryl lose all r-redit and weight wWa the Mexican people.
We are stiil much embarras'^ed by the want of money. Eut little
ran be obtained on (iralts this side of the capital; and "we have not
heard of the arrival of a dollar at Vera Cruz for this army. The
attempt to subsist it by livintj at free quarters, or on forced contri-
butions, would be the end of mihtary operaiions.
I take the liberty to enclose a copy ot my rejoinder to Mr. Trist.
Ko doubt he has forwarded a copy oi Li most extraordinary epistle
to me. To have such a flank battery planted against me, amidst.
critical military operations, is a great anno}'a!;Ce.
Considering the many cruel disappointments and mortifications I
have been made to feel since I lett Waslnngton, or the total want
of support and sympathy on the part of the War Department whick
I have so long experiencfui, I beg to be recalled trom this array the
moment that it Uiay be s fe for any person to embark at Vera Cruz^
-which I si!f)pose will be early i;i NovVmber. Probably ail field
operations will be over long before that time.
1 have the honor, to remain, sir, v/ith high respect, your most-
obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT,
Hon Vv'm. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War.
Head-quarters, Puebla, May 15, 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to report, for information of the general-
in-chief, that the forces under ray command, including the brigade
of Major General Quitman, took military possession of this city at
10 o'clock to-day.
Halting yesterday at Amosoqup,to await the junction of General
Quitman, (for w^hich purpose 1 had shortened the marches of the
leading brigades the two previous days,) I found my position sud-
denly menaced, at 8 o'clock, a, m., by a large body of cavalry.
This force approached somewhat stealthily by a road on our right,
unknown to us. A rapid examination, as it unmasked itself, ex-
hibited, as was supposed, some 2,000; but, from accurate informa-
tion obtained here, 3,000 cavalry of the line, unsupported either by
infantry or artillery, and moving a mile on our right and toward
the rear, led to the conclusion that it was a ruse to attract atten-
tion in that quarter, while the real attack was to be looked for on
Ex. Doc. No, GO. D95
the hicrh roafl in front, or a movement on General Quitman, who
night have been supposed the usual da^'s march in the rear. It
Avas presently reported that a heavy colu»nin was actually approach-
inir on the main roadj thus it beca tie necessary, while directing a
portion of the force against the visible enemy, to jruard our lar'-^e
train, reserve ammunition, &C.5 pai kcd in the square against the
invisible.
The 2d artillery, with a section of Duncan's iiattery, under the
brjaade commander, Colonel Garland; the 6th i sfantry, under
Major Bonneville, with Steptoe's battery, was promptly moved
and so directed as to take the enemy in flank; the head of his
column having now rea!:hfd a point opposite the centre of the
town, and distant about half a mile. The batteries soon opened a
rapi.t and elTective fire. Alter some twenty five rounds, the entire
co!un«n bioke, without attemptint;" to ruarge or firing a shot, and
hastily fled up the sides of the convenient hills. 'Only one comr
piny of infantry (of the 6th) was enabled, frcm d'stance, to deliver
its fire. The broken coluiiin was seen to reunite and resume its
march in direction ol' General Quitman's approach. The 2d artil-
lery and Sth Intantry, with two sections of the light batteries,
were put in its track, when the enemy again swerved to the left and
disappeared in the hills. Two miles distant General Quitman was
met by the last named detacbmerjts. He had already discovered
the enemy, of whose proximity their firing had admonished him,
and promptly taken his order of battle. The discomfited enemy
reached Puebla late at night, and evacuated the place at four in
the .norning. We took some prisoners and found a few dead. The
enemy acknowledge'a loss of 89 killed and wounded. General
Sinta Anna conducted the enterprise.
Enclosed, marked A, is a cop) of a communication addressed, on
the 12th, to the civil authorities of Puebla; again, marked C, on
the 14th, with reply to the latter, marked D; also copy of circular,
dated 9th, addressed to commanders of corps, to regulate their con-
duct in certain contingencies on the march.
It is understood the force which retired from this city the day
before yesterday, and to-day, is to take post at Puenta del Tesma-
luca, distant twelve leagues on the road to the capital, where it is
proposed to fortify. Our reception was respectfully and coldly
courteous, but without the slightest cordiality. Incessant occupa*
tion has not allowed me a moment to look into the resoiircen in
way of supply; but Mr. says breadstuff will be had in
abundance, less of beef, and perhaps liberal quantity of small ra-
tions.
Very resnectfullv, your obedient servant,
W. J. WORTH,
Brevet Major General^ co;amdni.iig.
Captain Scott, A. A. A. G.,
Head-quarters of the Army, Jalapa.
True copy:
J. C. PEMBERTON,
Cajjtaifij Aid-de-camp,
996 Ex. Doc. No, 60. ..
Head- QUARTERS of the Army,
Puebla, May 29,^1847.
Sir: Your long studied letters of the 9th and 20th instant, mak-
ing 30 pages, in reply to my shoit note of the 7th, were handed to
me, under one cover, at Jalapa, the morning of the 21st, when you
knew, being on the spot, that I was about to inarch upon this place,
"Occupied, as I was, with business of much higher importance I did
uot allow the seal of the package to be broken till the evening of
the 22 1, which I took care to have done in the presence of many
staff officers. One of them, at my iiistance, read apart, and re-
ported to me the general character of the papers, I have not yet
read them.
My first impulse was to return the farrago of insolence, conceit,
and arrogance to the author; but, on reflection, I have determined
to preserve the letters as a choice specimen of diplomatic literature
and manners. The jacobin convention of France never sent to one
of its armies in the field a more amiable and accomplished instru-
ment. If you were but armed with an ambulatory guillotine you
would be the personification of Danton, Marat, and St. Just, all in
one.
You tell me that you are auti:|orized to negotiate a treaty of
peace with the enemy, 'a declaration which, as it rests upon your
own Xvord, I might well question; and you add that it was not in-
tended at Washington that I should have anything to do with the
negotiation. This 1 can wtll believe, and certainly have cause to.
be thankful to the President for not degrading me by placing me
in any joint commission with you.
From the letter of the Secretary of War to me, of the 14th
ultimo, I had supposed you to be simply authorized to propo.e, or
to concede to the enemy, the truce or armistice which usually pre-
cedes negotiations for a peace; and my letter to you was written on
that suppostion. If the terms of military conventions are left to
me, the commander of this army, I have nothing more to desire or
to demand for its safety.
In conclusion — for many persons here believe that the enemy,
20,000 strong, is about to attack this place — I have only time to ask
you, in yoar future communications to me, to be brief and purely
official; for, if you dare to use the style of orders or instructions
again, or to indulge yourself in a single discourteous phrase, I
shall throw back the communication v.nth the contempt and scorn
which you merit at my hands.
,1 remain, sir, officially, &c.,
Vv^NFIELD SCOTT,
To Nicholas ?. Trist, Esq., ^x-, vC, Sfc,
A true copy:
GEO. W. RAINS, -
Lieicfenatit nnd Acting Mid -de- camp.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 99T
IlF.AD-QUAHiERS OF THK AkmV,
Puebla, June 3, 1847.
Sir: For this army to operate with effect, it has become neces-
sary to abandon, for a time, Jalapa, and that its garrison should
join general head-quarters.
You will, therefort', take silent measures preparatory to bringing
away with you the garrison, the wounded and sick, the ordnance
and ordnance stores, and the depots of that city, as soon as the
train of wagons and ambulances, which I am about to send down
to you, shall arrive.
The wounded and sick are to be left, in route, in the castle of
Perote. To remove them will be the great difficulty, demanding
your utmost care and kindness.
The number of wagons, tS:c., which will reach you in three or
five days after this letter, may, I hope, be sufficient for that arid
the other purposes indicated; and should there be, as is fear d,
some individuals in hospital whose livet? would be endangered by
a journey to Perote — involviu;^ two nights on the road — you will
leave such individuals under the charge of a medical officer and the
necessary attendants.
You will also place them in some consecrated place, under the
safeguard of the church and civil authorities of the city, with the
most solemn assurances given to each, that if the slightest injury
should be iaflicled on any individual of the party — the medical
officer, a wounded or si<-k man, or on any attendant left for their
care — that 1 will not fail to return to Jalapa, and to punish the
entire city in the most signal manner. Explain to all the rules of
war in such cases. Military hospitals a' e universally regarded, by
civilized enemies, as sacred.
Neither must the city of Jalapa allow one of the party to be car-
ried off, under any pretence whatever; for if carried off, the indi-
vidual or individuals would certainty be murdered by lawless ran-
cheros or banditti.
And you rany pledge the honor of the United States to pay lib-
erally lor any supply, attention or kindness given to the party.
Any money you m.ay comra'and, for such necessary purposes, you
will leave with the medical officer.
Brigadier General Shield?, I earnestly hope, will, before you
commence your march, be in a condition to travel in an ambulance
or litter. \Vait upon him with my warm respects^ and if he has
not availed himself of the order I left with him, and I think it
probable he has not and canj>ot, offer him all the attentions in your
power. Perhaps he may prefer to come up to the head of this
army; but, if not strong enou2;h to accompany it in its operations,
he had better rest in the castle of Perote.
Leaving the wounded and sick at Perote, you will take from that
castle, with you, three additional companies, making six of the 1st
Pennsylvania regiment, and all the convalescents there, belonging
to corps here, who can be brought un with a prospect of their be-
ing efi'ective on their joining me.
998 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
For t'he lO-incli mortar left with you, a large Mexican drag or
ten-mule wagon will be seni down to you. ^
The depotl of s.jpplies, of every kia.l, at Jalapa, except such as
YOU uiav deem necessary for the party in ho>p.tal, will be brought
ip with you, and, of course, the two 12 pounders, with their am-
munition. . , „ , ' . r r> * -^ tM .
I send you a map and memonal of the route from Perote lO t,i .
place, whit;h we found tolerably accurate. The leagues, marked,
do not average more than tv!o miles and a quarter eacn. i^ ive^ six
or even seven of those leagues do not exceed an easy raarcii- Your
movements, in order to spare men and animals, need not be forced
If the companies or unattached rec.uiis for the old regiments ot
this army, consisting of some 900 men, expected at Vera Cruz,
about the time I left Jalapa, shall not have passed you, you may
■ wait for tlem; and if either detachment has in charge money tor
•this army, you will send it forward with an additional escort ot
Captains Merrill's and Wheat's cava'ry, and one or more companies
of foot of the garrison of Jalapa, as you may deem necessary.
I further gi?e you the discrt-tion of waiting at Ja.apa a lew
days, for any other detachment of troops you may chance to .earn
to be at Vera Cruz, destined for this a-my, or io be in route be-
tween that city and Jalapa.
I shall send down, wiih the empty wagons and ambulances, an
escort of cavalry, and await, prohabiy at this ,.ace, your arrival
with great impatience. Nevertheless, you are not to make any
forced effort to join me.
I remain, sir, with great respect, yours >^'y^^^^^^ g^OTT.
To Colonel Chtlds,
U. S. 1st artillery, Gov. and Com. of Jalapa.
P S Besides one or two medical officers, according to the num-
ber of wounded and sick you may be compelled to leave in hospi-
tal at Jalapa, it will be necessary to leave two or three medical
officers at Perote. ,
About two hundred ambulances and wagons wili be sent down to
you, to leave here to-morrow.
I certify on honor that the above is a tru^e ^j^t;^'^^^/^^^^ ^'''^^*
2d Lieutenant, 1st infantry, Jlctlag A. D. C.
War Department,
Washington, July 12, 1847.
Sir: Since my letters of the 31st of May and 14th of June,
pouiting out your entire misapprehension lu regard to ihe missiott
Ex. Doc. No. CO. 99D»
of Mr, Trist, so ffir as it was assumed by you to oe an interference
with your mililary cotnuiand, a }>art of his communications to you,
as well as your letter tf) him of the 29th of May, has been rtceiveil.
This corresporulence disclo^rs a state of thiniifs between yourself
and him most deeply regretted, as it is much to be feared that your
personal relations are such as may compromise the- most important
national interests.
My previous letters on this subject, if received, must have con-
vinced you of the groundlessness of your suspicions and the pre-
cipitancy of your conduct in this whole affair. You cannot fail to
perceive that, so far from having cause to complain and indulge in
disrespectful rep-'oaches against your government on account of this
mission, the utmost care was taken to secure to you all the rights
and authority of your command, and to yield to all the pretensions
you could properly set up as in anywise belonging to it.
Regarding, as the Presideni feels compelled to do, your course
in this matter as the result of an entire mistake as to the powers
and duty of Mr. Trist, be regrets to perceive that the conduct of
Mr. T., on the other hand, has not been free from error.
No two agents of the government could have been charged with
duties more distinct and non'^confiicting- — duties less likely to bring
on persona! collision, where any sort of communication was required.
To you was intrusted the conduct of military operations — to hlia
the business of negotiating a peace, if a favorable opportunity should
occur. Only a very limited official intercourse between you and
him was required, and that was of such a character as to preclude^
as it was supposed, the possibility of any misunderstanding. He was
required, in the first place, to deliver to you a despatch from your
government to the minister of foreign relations of Mexico. When
thus delivered, all his agency in regard to it was ended. It was com-
mitted to you to be forwarded: not even the President's order to you
to send it forward was communicated through him, but through this
department. To this course the iriost overwrought sensitiveness could
not properly take the slightest exception. Your false alarm in re-
gard to the power of the commissioner, and the misstep consequently
taken — the first in the series of blunders — led him to interfere, in an
unauthorized and improper manner, with an affair exclusively your
own — the transmission of that despatch to the Mexican authorities.
From this department Mr. Trist had no instructions whatever, a; d
I am well assured that he had none from the President or the Stale
Department, relative to this despatch, beyond the simple direction
to place it in your hands. Whatever -he may have done further
than barely delivering it to you, was unauthorized. In undertaking,
as he appears to have done in his letter to you of the 20th of May,
to be the medium through which orders to you were to be trans-
mitted, he has assumed authority not confeired on him, and the act
is disavowed and disapproved by the President. He had no au-
thority to give you any order whatever. The only orders from
your government to you, relating to this subject, were issued
-through this department, and are contained in my despatches of the
14lh of April, and these orders the President confideutly expected
1000 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
you to execute. It is proper tbnt I should say, in concluding my
remarks en this point, ihat the Presidtnt trusts tLat you have dis-
covered your mistake in returning the despatch to Mr. Tiist; that
you have withdrawn it from him ard executed trie order io forward
it from this department to the Mexican authorities. Should yoa
receive from these authorities an intimation of a willingness to en-
ter upo,n negotiations, you will, as a matter of cou se, apprize Mr.
Trist of that fact, and do what may be deemed proper to facilitate
the conclusion of a peace.
It is not expected that you still continue under your firf^t strange
delusion as to Mr. Trist's instructions to interfere in any manner
with your military operations. My previous letters, and the ex-
tract furnished you from those instructions, must have put to flight
all your misconceptions on that subjeet. The utmost extent of the
commissioner's authority bearing on this point, was to give you
■written notice of the happening of a continp;ency on which a sus-
pension of hostilities was to follow: not by Mr. Trist's order — not
hy an order oommunicatt d through him — but by this order of the
President, your superior officer, conveyed to you directly by the
Secretary of VV.ir.
This suspension of hostilities was not, as you saw fit to assume,
to be a preliminary to, but to result from, negotiations conducted
to a .successful issue. Your course on receiving the first communi-
ca-ion from Mr. Trist shut you out, for a time at least, from the
infornsation which would have secured you from the false po^ilion
in which yoir so precipitately placed yourself. You would have
learned from Mr. Trist, if an interview with him had not been ob-
structed, that the contingency referred to in my letter was a dis-
tinct event — not an undehned condition of thini.;S to be determined
by discretion: it was a certain fact — the actual ratification of a de-
finitive treaty of peace by the Mexican government, containing in
one of its articles a stipulation for the suspension of hostilities to
follovv immediately such ratification;' and it should not bf; forgotten
that it v/as the intention and expectation of your government
that you should be as -well acquainted with what constituted that
contingency as the commisBioner himself, before you could be re-
quired to act in reference to it; for Mr. Trist was authorized, on
ajriving at your head-quarters, to show you his instructions and
the projet of the treaty he was empowered to make. Had you
been less i;npetuous in taking umbrage at the course pursuecl in
this matter, and less inclined to conclude, without the least war-
rant for it, that your government intended disrespect to you, or wat
■unmindful of what was due to the safety of the gallant army uncier
your command, the dearest interests of the nation would not have
been exposed to receive detriment from an ill-tempered personal
altercation between two high functionaries, intrusted with impor-
tant public concerns in a foreign country.
As past errors must have been discovered, ti)e President expects
that false steps on both sides have been retraced and that you and
Mr. Trist are now co-operating, so far as co operation is required.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. ' 1001
in your respective spheres of duty, to bring the war to a successful
clcse by lui honorable peace.
Your letter from Puebla, of the 4th of June, has been received
and laid before the President. Considering that you had claimed,
as a matter of right due to your superior rank, to be placed at the
head of our armies in the field, in a state of actual war, and had
earnestly besought that position as a matter of favor, the President
was not a little surprised that, after so brief a period of service,
you should ask to be recalled. The grounds put forth for this
change of purpose have not probabjy had with him the influence
you txpected. They are of such an extraordinary character as to
claim a passing notice. Of "the many cruel disappointments and
mortifications I (you) have been made to feel since I (you) left.
Washington," you have omitted to specify a single one, and
whether they are real or imaginary is left in great uncertainty.
The Sjending of Mr. Tvj?l in Mexico as a commissioner of peace,
and the suspicion yur. cherished that you had been degraded by his
being clothed with jniiitary authority to interfere with your right-
ful command, are |jrobably prominent among these "cruel disap-
pointments and mcitifications." The exposition which has been
made of that case, shows, the lamentable extent to which error may
prevail in personal matters when prejudice and suspicion pre-occupy
the mind. Should your other undisclosed " cruel disappointraentg
and mortificfiiions " be of a like unsubstantial character, as it is
presumed they are, you may well conclude that they constitute no
sutiicient i.iotive with the President to grant 'the indulgence you
ask.
I am unv^'illing to believe that the grave charge, that you have
experienced so long " the total want of support and sympathy on
the part of the War Department,'^ was thrown in as a provocative
to insure success to your application, and I certainly cannot con-
cede that it rests on the slightest foundation of fact. In view of
the vast diversity of human character, I ought not, perhaps, to be
surprised at any extravagance of self-delusion, yet I should be so in
this instance if this is to be regarded as a Vv-ell considered allega-
tion, reflecting the settled convictions of your mind. That it indi-
cated the true state of your feelings at the moment it was written,
I wi'i not question; but that it is at all just towards the War De-
partment, 1 must most positively deny. It is an assertion unac-
companied by facts to support it; it relates to a matter in regard
Vo which my information must be at least as full and accurate as
your own; and I feel bound, by the most solemn convictions of
truth, to spy that you are mistaken in the entire length and breadth
of the allegation. That you have been disappointed in some of
the arrangeiuents m.ade here, as you have in some of your own
which did not depend upon the action of the War Department,
is undoubtedly true ; but such disappointments -do not war-
rant or sustain the charge j ou have madt — they do not even
show that you have not had all the support from this de-
partment, which was within its competence to give. The de-
partment cannot, by the mere fiat of its will, call into in-
1002 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
stant existence the means it may require, and place them where
they are neided. Human ayvncy cannot control the eltintnts so
tis 1o make them subseivien-t to its wishes, or to prevent them from
som^•tiu!es frustrating its btst concerted plans. In conducting a war
such as that in which we are now engaged, the scene of operations, as
you well know, is of the widest range; the ma,chinery necessarily
of vast extent and complcxityj the agencies exceec.'ingly numer-
ous and dispersed over vast regions. That all this complication of
means and agencies should respond with promptness ^nd ]>\inctu-
ality, in every instance, to any directing will, cannot be reasonabiy
€xpected; that one failure, whether by accident, necessity, or neg-
ligence, .should involve ot!;ers, is inevitable; and that unforeseen
disappointments should occasionally happen in working out re-
sults, should surprise r;o man who takes a sensible view of human
affairs. That the War Department h^s not realized all that may
have been expected in its arrangements, may be safely admitted,
without laying itself open to the cnarge of having failed to act
with energy and effect, or of having neglected any one of its es-
sential duties, or to the still more unfounded and reckless charge
of having iailed to afford any support whatever to the general at
the head of our armies in the field. The War Department, most
deeply interested as it is in carrying the war to a successful issue,
could hare no motive — and by any other than a mind strangely
deluded, it could not be suspected of having any motive — to do
less than hs utmost to insure triumph and glory to our arms; and
to a charge of failure of duty in this respect, unaccompanitd with
any specificatjon, it will only oppose, in its vindication on this oc-
casion, its anxious, incessant, and strenuous efforts, zeah^isly de-
voted to the conduct of the war. Regarding the inducements you
have assigned for begging to be recalled as deserving to have very
little influence on the question, it will be decided by the P.esideut
with exclusive reference to the public good. When thai shall ren-
der it proper, in his opinion, to withdr^^w you from your present
cominand, his determination to do so will be made known to you.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major Genera' Winfield Scott,
Cu/iimfimling U. S. A-imy^ Mexico.
War Department,
Washington, July 19, 1847.
Sir: Tn my letter to you of the 30th of April, it was remarked
that "the moveinefits of General Taylor's column will depend, in a
great measure, upon the movements of the main coluiiin, under you.
Whether it will be advisable for him to employ his force to create
a diversion, or to move forwa-d in order to form a junction with
jou, or to hold his present line, or any other moi'e eligible, are
Ex. Doc. No. GO.
1003
points on which the President desires your views; and it is deemed
ini,H)rtant tliat he should be f'avoieil v,'it!i thciu, at the earliest
period, &c,"
Untorturiately, the bearer of this de.-patch wa?. mur-dered-on his
way to you, and it fell into the hamis of the enemy. A duplicate
Wtis alsio sent a few days after its date, by mail, and anoiher in
June, by a messenger; but there is reason to apprehend that it has
not yet reached you.
li) nie letters of Gerferal Tnylor, of the 28th of May and 16th
of June, (copies of which are herevrith transmitted,) he precerits iiis
views as to operations on his line, anJ in the latter he advises, as
you will perceive, that only a force sufficient to hold a deft-nsive
line should be retained with him, and all the remaining troops be
thrown into your columti. As it is quite uncertain when your views
on the general conduct of the campaign, asked for in my letter
> of the 30th of April, will be received, and presuming that, on the
point referred to by Gen. Taylor, your oj)inion will be coincident
to his, the President determined to act in this matter without delay.
On the 15th instant, he directed Gt-nerai Taylor to hold such aline
as he had indicated, and, retaining only such a force as he may
•deem adequate to maintain it safely, to send the remainder to you.
I herewith send you a copy of that communication. Until the de-
partment has heard from him, it cannot form an estimate of what
augmsr-ntation of your forces will be received from this quarter.
Though every effort was made to send to you, at the earliest
period, the recruits, new Itvies, and the volunteers, destined for
your column, there was more delay in their arrival at Vera Cruz
than could have been reasonably anticipated. We have receiVed
reports of the arrival at Vera Cruz, since the 24th of M^iy, of 4,603
regular troops, (new levies and reorganized companies, )300 marines,
and two Pennsylvania companies of volunteers, 133 strong; which
make an aggregate of over 5.000 men. The troops en 7-oute, {1^900,)
hut not reported, at the last dates from Vera Cruz, (June 25,) it is
presumed, have nearly all arrived by this day.
The difficulties to be encountered on the route into th° interior,
hnve rendered it necessary to detain the successive detachments at
Vera Cruz, until concentrated in sufficient force to tnke up the line
of march for your head-quarters. These unavoidable delays, it is
feared, may have reduced, by sickness, the efficient strength of the
reinforcements ordered to the main array under your command.
The breaking up of the post at Jalapa appears to have greatly
increased the difficulties of our communication with the interior
of the country, and it is hoped that you Uiay find your force so
much increased as to make it proper to re-establish it, or, at least,
to bt' held by some of the detachments, as they may arrive at that
healthy city — th" abandonment ot which, indeed, would seem,"from
the tenor of your order, to be only temporary. I need not, I am
sure, urge the advantages of having the line, fi om the coast to your
column, kept open, and as fiee as possible from obstructions, for
they must be quite obvious to you; and as to }our means of keep-
1^^^ Ex. Doc. No, 60.
ing it open you can form a much better opinion than any one
her?. •'
Directions from here will be given for the detachments arrivinb-
at Vera Cruz to proceed to Jahpa, and there await your orders"
It deemed safe to do so, unJess they shall receive instructions from
you ot a character conflicting or incompatible with such direc-
tions.
Efforts are makincr to. raise several mounted companies of accli-
mated men, at New Orleans and in that region, principally for the
purpose ot having them employed at Vera Cruz to protect the
public property at that place, and to defend it, and to clear the
route intx) the interior of tiie guerillas wbo infest and obstru-t it
As It does not appear that a duplicate of my letter, of th^ 14th
ultimo, was transmitted to you, one is herewith enclosed.
/ery respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Ti/r • /-I , ,^. ' Secretary of War.
Major General Winfield Scott,
Cominanding U. S. army, Mexico.
r. S. I also enclose herewith a duplicate of my letter of the 12tb.
Stan L.
instant.
War Department,
Au'^ust 6, 1847.
cepted oy the Secretary, and the arrangements made for the pay
ment of it to Captain Iiwin, assistant qua: termaster, or such pay-
master or other quartennaster as you may name for that purpose:
1 also s^'nd you a copy of my later, of this date, to the Secretary
ot tne ireasury, on the same subject. When the money is received,
whether by a paymaster or an assistant quartermaster, it will not
be lor the excluMve use of the department to which the receivincr
oftcer may belong, but be applied as the exigencies of the servicS
may require.
It is understood that this arran,,;err e.Vt will not interfere with the
use of the (Irafts in the manner now la practice.
I am, with great respect, your obedient spr\ant
M
ajor General W. Scott, &c., &c.
W. L.' MARCY,
Secretary of War-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1005
War Department,
September 1, J847.
Sir: Ipx tne temporary absence of the Secretary of War, caused
oy sickntss. the President has requested me' to take charge of this
department.
The last communication from you received here is dated at Pu-
ebla, on the 4th of June. No doubt is entertained that the diAicul-
ties of coramiinii-ation with Vera Cm" have produced this lon^
interruption in your correspondence with the department.
From inform.ation which has rpached us, it is Supposed that you
commenced your forward movement on the city of Mexico on the
7th, and it is confidently bslieved that you are now in possession
of the enemy's capital.
The obstinate persistance of the Mexicans in refusing to treat
their utter disregard of the rules of civili:ie(! warfare, and the large
expenditures which we are compelled to make, has impressed on the
President the firm conviction that those rights of exacting contri-
bution from the enemy, which are conferred on a belligerent by'the
acknowledged lav/ of nations, should be exercised." Your remarks
in your despatch, No. 28, dated at Jalapa, May 20th, 1847, have
been carefully observed. Your circumstances are since materially
changed; and if, as we doubt not, you have triumphantly entered
the city of Mexico, the President directs me again to call your
attention to the despatch to this department of the 3d of April last
a copy of Nvhich is here enclosed. The property holders of Mexi-
co have no claim to find in the market afi'orded by sales to our
army, an actual pecuniary benefit resulting from the war. They
must be made to feel its evils, and it is earnestly hoped and .
expected that you will not find, in your present circumstances, a
necessity to adhere to your opinion, expressed in your despatch
referred to, that a resort to forced contributions will exasperate and
ruin the inhabitants, and starve the army. Contributions may be
exacted from cities, or States, or wealthy individuals, and payment
made for provisions and other supplies brought to the camp, or col-
lected in kind. It is not improbable that men of wealth and means
may profess to belong, mainly, to the peace party; and it may be
apprehended that they will be driven from their pacific position by
coercive proceedings. But, however such an effect may be appre-
hended, it is more probable that their exertions to promote a ter-
mination of the war will be made more serious and efficient when
they feel the oppressive evils of the state of war. Judgino- from
the cruelties and atrocities which are reported, in different parts
of Mexico, to have been inflicted by the Mexicans, whenever an
opportunity presents itself, on a single soldier, or a weak^^r party,
there is no hope of their reciprocating kind, generous, or humane
exercise of the rights of war on car part; and, without retaliatino-
sucli disgraceful atrocities in kind, every dictate of duty to our-
selves requires that we shall not abstain from the exercise of our
right of exaction from the enemy. The mode and extent of exer-
cising this right is, and must be, left to your 'li-,cretion; but it is
lOOG Ex. Doc. No. GO.
rarnrptly hoped that you will pnt the system into op»rf!tion, to
the inmost |)rHcticable extent. The safely and subsistence oi the
troops under your comna; nd will, of course, not be plac. d in jeo-
j.ardy by llie desire to- enforce this s}Stein. ii you find that in lis
txi rcise sucti a result will follow,
Vei) respectfully, your obedient servant,
JOHN Y. MASON,
Acting Secretary of War.
Major General Winfield Scott,
Cv.runanding U. S.' army^ Mexico.
, , War Department,
Washington, Septembtr 23, 1817.
Sin: The Rev. L. S. Allen, who was appointed chaplain to one
of the rf ^iments of Louisiana that was disuande<i, afurwards went
to the army under General Taylor, and remained there some time.
He has ii stimoiiials of the hij^hest character, from citizens, as well
as tiie offi'-ers of General Taylor's army, including ihe general
himself. Ke officiated as chaplain while with 'the army of occu-
piition, and, as it appears, very much to the satisfaction of the otfi-
eers an ! soldiers, lie is desirous to be connected with the army
in that capacity, and proposes to go to your head-quarters, in the
hopes th. t he may be favored with an appointment of chapiaia to
some one of the brigades of the army, pursuant to the provisions
of the 7th section of the act of the loth of February last.
I have no doubt of his befitting qualifications, and tiiat his mo-
tives in desirinu- such a situation are entirely praiseworthy.
I take the liberty to recommend him to your favorable notice.
' I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,
'^^ W. L. MARCY.
Major General Winfield Scott,
GeneraU 4rc.
War Department,
WashiJigtoji^ October 6, 1847.
Sir: No official despatch has been received from you at this de-
partment of a later date than that of the 4th of June, though v;e
are not without authentic information of your operations 1o the
2\)th of AugU!<t, and of the signal victories obtained by yua
and the gallant army under your command, on that anil the prece-
ding day.
Accounts upon which reliance is placed have recently reached u.s
that the negotiations for peace have teiminaled unsuccessfully, and
thiit hostilities recommenced on the 8th or 9th ultimo. We have also
tlic grat!f}iiig intelligence that you have succeeded in "capturing the
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1007
city of Mexico; an(] are waiting with deep anxiety for the particu-
lar*. t)f _) our operations up^o <uhI including that impoilant ive,,t.
T!if tfiiiis iii>;iste<l on ,hy Mexir-o, on which only she will consent
to concluile a peace, (whicli also b^ve been received heie,) are so
extrav;i!iHnt atui inadmissible that there is no alternative lelt but to
prosecute the war.
It is quite evident that the authorities ofMexico would not pre-
sent and insist upon, as a basis ior peace, terms which cowld not be
enteitained for a moment by us without national dishonor, were"
they not encouraged to continue the war by that portion of the
population, as well as others, upon which the burdens of the Wi r
ought to fall, and upon which, in the further prosecution of it,
tltey m.ust be made to fall, as the only means now le'ft of bringing
it 10 a close. We have hitherto been far" more forbearino- than is
customary in exercising the, extreme an 1 even some of the ordinary
rights of belligerents. It is now evident that our leniency has not
beea appreciated, nor reciprocu.ed, but, on the contrary, h; s
heen re[)aid with bad faith and barbarity; and is only met
by a blind obstina. y, and a reckless determination to prolon >• the
conflirt.
However unwilling w° may be to modify our humane policy, a
change now seem-s to be required even by the considerations
of huraaniry. We must take the best measures within the
clearly admitted course of civilized warfare, to beget a dis-
position in the people of Mexico to come to au adjustment upon
faix and honorable terms. It should be borne in mind that the peo-
ple of Mexico, indulging, as it is evident the^ do, the most hostile
feelings, are not less parties to the var than the Mexican army,
ami as a means of peace, they must be made to feel its evils.
The guerilla system which has been resorted to is hardly recng-.
nized as a legitimate laode of warfare, and should be met witl) Wie
utmost allowable severity. Not only those embodied for the pur-
pose of carrying out that system, but those who at any time have
been engaged in it, or who have sustained, sheltered and protected
them, are much less entitled to favorable consideration than the
soldiers in the ranks of the regular Mexican army. They should
be seized and held as pi isoners of war, and sent to the United States
if it is not convenient to hold them. Their haunts and places of
rendfczvous should be br-'-ken up and destroyed. Those implicated
in the murder of non combatants, or in robbery and plunder, should
be subjected to a severer treatment. Independent of restraints &,c,
upon their persons, all their property and effi'ctg within our reach
should be unhesitatingly seized and devoted to public use. In re-
lation to oUjer prisoners and officers, I refer you to my despatch of
May 31. I herewith send you an extract from it relating to that
subject.
Permit me to invite your attention to thi despatch from this de-
partment of the 1st Ultimo, (a copy of which is herewith sent,) and
urge the siiiz;gestions therein contained upon your particular consid-
eration. Tiie- burden of sustaining our forces in Mexico must be
thrown, to the utmost extent, upon the people of thut country its
1008 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
resources should be resorted to in every manner consistent with the
usages of civilized war, for that purpose; and it is hoped that your
situation is such as will warrant you in making this resort, at least
to the extent required for the support of our array. The men of
means who have willingly contributed aid to support the. Mexican
army, shou.ld be forced to, contribute to the support of ours.
Without a particular knowledge of your situation, of the availa-
ble force you now have at your command, or of the resistance the
.enemy are still capable o-f making, nothing more than suggestions,
in regard to your future proceedings, VvmII be submitted for ynur
consideration, I need not urge upon yo'u the adoption of all meas-
ures necessary , for holding the city of Mexico, and the principal
places between that city and Vera Cruz. To open and keep open
the way betv,"een these two cities would seem to be required for
holding securely what is already conquered, and for future opera-
tions. For this purpose a considerable increase of your force, it is
presum.ed, will be indispensable. Additional troops are now on the
■way to join your column, A force of about 3,000 men, besides
Colonel Hays's mounted volunteers, has been sent from General
Taylor's command, and we are advised that about 1,800 of ther.e
are now en route between Vera, Cruz and your head-quai;terF, (if
they have not already reached there,) under the command of Briga-
dier General Lane. A large number unde"r General Cushing will
soon follow. One new regiment of Ohio volunteers is now en route,
and five more are nearly organized, and will be sent forthwith to
Vera Cruz, with orders to join you. There is also a considerable
volunteer force which was called out many months since, and had
"been slow in organizing, now on its way to your column. The
adjutant general's estimate herewith of the total number of theSe
troops, and other detachments, make the aggregate force en route
under orders, and being mustered into service, about 15,000, since
General Pierce's advance from^Vera Cruz on the 14th July. How
far this araount of force- will be reduced by casualties before it
Teaches you, cannot be estimated. With this augmentation of
strength it is hoped' that you will be able to accomplish not only
the objects before indicated, (should you deem them preferable to
others,) but to carry on further aggressive operations; to achieve
new conquests; to disperse the remaining army of the enemy in
your vicinity, and prevert the organization of another. Left as
you are to your own judgment as to your military operations, the
fullest .confidence is entertained that you will conduct them in the
most effective way .to bring about the main and ultimate 6bj.ect of
the war: namely, to induce the rulers and people of Mexico to de-
sire and consent to such terms of peace as we have a right to ask
^d expect.
The views of the government in relation to propositions and ne-
gotiations for concluding a peace, are disclosed in a despatch from
the Department of State to Mr, Trist, a copy of which accompanies
this comm.unication. By it yoa will perceive that h^^ is recalled.
You will embrace a proper occasion to notify the Mexican authorities
of this fact.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1009
Should they offer through you terms of accommodr'tion, or pro-
pose to enter on negotiations, the President directs that such propo-
sitions be forwarded without delay to him; but it is not expected
that your movements or measures for carrying on hostilities will
be thereby relaxed, or in anywise changed.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient ser-
vant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War,
Major General Winfield Scott,
Commanding V. S. jirmy, Mexico.
War Department,
Washington, October 22, 1847.
Sir: I herewith send to you a translation of documents received
from the minister of Spain, at the State Department, complaining
of an alleged outrage upon a Spanish subject, Don Jose Villa Verde,
at or near Santa Fe, in the vicinity of Vera Cruz. You will per-
ceive, by the letters of Colonel Wilson, that he has given to the
Spanish consul at Vera Cruz all the information he has been able
to ascertain, and suggests that further explanation of the transac-
tion referred to in the correspondence must be obtained from Cap-
tain Wheat, (who is probably now with you,) by whose men the
acts complained of may have been committed.
As the matter-is laid before the government here, by the minis-
ter of Spain, it is desired that it should have the means of making
a proper explanation, and, if the character of the transaction is such
as requires redress, of determining what redress is called for.
AVith a view to obtain the needful information on the subject for
these purposes, these documents are forwarded to you.
I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Winfield Scott,
Commanding U. S. Army, Mexico.
War Department,
Washington, October 22, 1847.
Sir: I regret to inform you that no official despatch has been re-
ceived from you at this department since that dated the fourth of
June. Though we have information of your brilliant successes
since you left Puebla, it is not of an official character. Letters of
a date as late as the 28th of September, v.-iitten from the city of
Mexico by persons in, or connected with the army, have been re-
ceived here.
I need not express to you the deep anxiety which is felt for your
official despatches, and the importance of having them before the
1010 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
meeting of Congress, which will take place in ahont forty-five days.
Aware of the difficulties which attend the transmission of them to
Vera Cruz, or any point on the gulf coast, it is natural to conclude
that those liitherto sent l.ave been intercepted by the enemy.
' It is the President's desire that you should resort to every prac-
[ticable means and w.ays of sending them forward af the earliest
jperiod. Those heretofore transmitted have, doubtless, miscarried^
lit will therefore be important that duplicates of them should be
'sent.
It is hoped that the government may be so fortunate as to receive
authentic information of your operations and of your situation, as
well as that of the enemy, before the assembling of Congress.
I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General W. Scott,
Commanding U. S. Army in Mexico,
War Department,
Washington^ October 24, 1847.
Sir: I again address you, to multiply the chances that some of
my letters may be received, on the subject of forwarding despatches
to this department in time to be received before the meeting of
Congress. The information we may receive, and the views you
may present, may have an important bearing on the futuje course
'to be adopted in prosecuting the war, and as to the measures to be
taken thereon. I have, therefore, again to request that you will
resort to all means and ways, deemed practica^Dle, to communicate
with your government, at the earliest period. I repeat that we
have had no official communication from you since that of the 4th
, of June last.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Winfield Scott,
il Commanding U. >S. Army^ .Mexico.
"f War Department,
Washington^ October 26, 1847.
I; Sir: I enclose, hercvrlth, a copy of a letter from the Secretary
; of Slate, communicating a complaint preferred by Serraent, Fort &
■ Co., through the French minister here, that General Worth has
seized at Puebla, and sold as Mexican public properly, certain
(.tobacco belonging to them. There is no evidence submitted as to
' the truth of the allegations, though the r oinplainants promise to
Ex. Doc. No. CO. 1011
forward authentic documents at an early day, but I send you the
enclosed papers, in order that you may have advantage of early no-
tice, and be enabled to collect information on the subject, while
the transaction is yet of a comparatively recent date. With regard
to the merits of the case, I will only now remark, that if the tobacco
was in good faith assigned to Messrs. Serment, Fort & Co., in dis-
char^-e of their debt, by the government of Mexico, it would seem,
that ihey will be entitled to indemnification; but if there was any
collusion between the parties to save, in this manner, public
property of Mexico, which was abput to fall into the hands of our
victorious forces, the justice of the claim will be very questionable.
Your inquiries might b<; directed to this point.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Winfield Scott,
Commanding U. S. Army in Mexico.
No. 30.
[Received Dec. 30, 1818.]
Head-quarters of the Army,
Puebla, July 25, 1847.
Sir: My last report was dated the 4th ultimo, from this place,
enclosing a copy of my instructions (June 3) to Colonel Childs,
ordering up the garrison of Jalapa, and a copy of a letter from me
to Mr. Trist, of May 29.
Although daily in expectation of something of special interest
to communicate, nothing has occurred of that character save a
happy change in my relations, both official and private, with Mr.
Trist. Since about the 26th ultimo, our intercourse has been fre-
quent and cordial; and I have found him able, discreet, courteous,
and amiable. At home, it so chanced that we had but the slightest
p«ssible acquaintance with each other. Hence more or less of re-
ciprocal prejudice, and of the existence of his feelings towards me,
1 knew, (by private letters,) before we met, that at least a part of
the cabinet had a full intimation.
Still the pronounced misunderstanding between Mr. Trist ami
myself could not have occurred but for other circumstances: 1,
his being obliged to send forward your letter of April 14th, instead
of delivering it in person, with the expJanatory papers which he
desired to communicate; 2. His bad health in May and June,
which, I am happy to say, has nov/ become good; and, 3. The ex-
, treme mystification into which your letter, and particularly an in-
terlineation, unavoidably threw me.
So far as I am concerned, I am perfectly willing that all I have
heretofore written to the department about Mr. Trist should be
suppressed. I make this declaration as due to my present esteem
for that gentleman^ but ask no favor, and desire none, at the hands
1012 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
of the department. Justice to myself, however tardy, I shall
take care to have done.
Since my acknowledgment of May 7, (report No. 27,) I have had
l)ut two letters from you, dated, respectively, April 30 and May
31; received here, in the order of their date, June 6 and July 7.
The duplicate of the former, borne by a special messenger from
"Washington, had been previously, by his imprudence, captured be-
low Cerro Gordo, and published, with other letters found on his
person, in the papers of the Mexican government.
I do not acknowledge the justice of either of your rebukes con-
I tained in the letter of May 31; and that I do not here triumphantly
vindicate myself is not from the want of will, means, or ability,
but time.
The first letter (dated February 22) received from you, at Vera
Cruz, contained a censure; and I am now rebuked for the unavoid-
able— nay loise^ if it had not been unavoidable — release, on parole,
of the prisoners taken at Cerro Gordo — even before one word of"
commendation from government has reached this army on account
of its gallant conduct in the capture of those prisoners. So,, in
regular progression, I may — should the same army gallantly bear
me into the city of Mexico in the next seven or eight weeks,
which is probable, if we are not arrested by a peace or a truce —
look to be dismissed from the service of my country. You will
' perceive that I am aware (as I have long been) of the dangers
' -which hang over me at home; but I, too, am a citizen of the United
' States, and well know the obligations imposed under all circum-
', stances by an enlightened patriotism.
' Having, June 3, lost all hope of being joined by other troops;
' than the nine hundred and odd men belonging to the old regiments of
' this army, and of whose approach I had had notice from the adju-
' tant general, I ordered up Colonel Chiids, with the garrison from
I Jalapa; but instructed him to wait for that body, and any other
' (I was thinking only of some other party of recruits) he might
chance to hear of. He waited, first, for Colonel Mcintosh; next
for Brigadier General Cadwalader; who, in turn, heard of, and
■waited for. Major General Pillow. The latter arrived here, with
all those detachments, the 8th instant. But, in the meantime, I had
heard that Brigadier General Pierce had reached Vera Cruz on the
28th June, and was to take up his line of march, at the latest, the
3d instant. Consequently, I expected him here, with much confi-
dence, by the 17th, but the day before, I learned, with great dis-
appointment, that the want of transportation and an accident would
detain him at Vera Cruz till the 16th. Of course I cannot now
look for him before the end of this month. I shall be obliged lo
wail his certain and near approach; 1, because we need the strong
, reinforcement he will bring up; and, 2, the money suppoi;ed to
be with him is indispensable.
'. In respect to money, I beg again to report that the chief comrais-
j sary (Captain Grayson) of this army has not received a dollar
irom the United States since we landed at Vera Cruz, March 9,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1013
He now owes more than $200,000, and is ob]ipjed to purchase on
credit, at great disadvantages. The chief quartermaster (Captain
Irwin) has received, perhaps, $60,000, and labors under like in-
cumbrances. Both have sold drafts, to small amounts, and borrowed
largely of the pay department, which has received about half the
money estimated for. Consequently, the troops have some four
months' pay due them. Our poverty, or the neglect of the dis-
bursing departments at home, has been made known, to our shame,
in the papers of the capital here, through a letter from Lieuten-
ant Colonel Hunt, that was found on the person of the special mes-
senger frOiU Washington.
The army is also suffering greatly from the want of necessary
clothing, including blankets and great- coats. The new troops,
(those who have last arrivad,) as destitute as the others, were first
told that they would find abundant supplies at New Orleans;
next, at Vera Cruz, and, finally, here; whereas we now have,
perhaps, a thousand hands engaged in making shoes and (out of
bad materials and at high cost) pantaloons. These articles, about ;j
3,000 pairs of each, are absolutely necessary to cover the nakedness
of the troops.
February 28, off Lobos, I v.'rote to Brigadier General Brooke
to direct the quartermaster at New Orleans to send me large
supplies of clothing. March 16, (23,) General Brooke replied that j
the quartermaster at New, Orleans had "neither clothing nor s
shoes," and that he v.^as "fearful that unless they have been sent j
cut to you di-rect, you will be much disappointed." j
Some small quantity of clothing, perhaps one-fifth of our wants,!
came to Vera Cruz from some quarter, and followed us to Jalapaj
and this place. |
May 30} the number of sick here was 1,017; of effectives, 6,820. {
Since the arrival of Major General Pillow, we have, effectives,!
(rank and file,) 8,061; sick, 2,215, besides 87 officers under the j
latter head. The arrival of Brigadier General Pierce may add!
about 25 per cent, to our effective strength, and I hope to |
advance, after leaving a competent garrison here, at the head of J
9,500 men. The enemy in the capital may amount to some thirty j
odd thousand, including good, bad and indifferent. The health of|
our troops has been improving since the 20th instant. :
I have been obliged to detain Major General Quitman here in the]
command of the volunteer division, not only on account of hist
very valuable services with that corps, but because I cannot send' j
him in safety and with honor either direct to Saltillo, or via Vera]
Cruz, without a heavy detachment of troops, which would be of]
itself quite a military operation. Brigadier General Shields com-)
mands a brigade in that division. ■
I have large masses of papers, some of them of considerable in- j
terest, to forward; but the messenger about to depart can only take]
two or three letters in a small compass. Mr. Trist writes by*
him, and to his report I beg to refer for his prospects of opening^
negotiations. j
1014 Ex. Doc. No. 60,
I have no news from Major Geoeral Taylor later than May 23y,
and none of the approach of additional troops.
I have the honor to remain, with high respect, sir, your most
obedient servant.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Bon. W. L. Marcy.
Secretary of V/ar.
Endorsement.
[Placed, sealed, in the hands of Mr. Trist, the night of its
<late, to ^o by a private express, frequently before employed
hy him,* (Mr. T.;) the express rider never before, as far as was-
known, having failed to deliver letters as he was directed.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Mexico, JYovemher, 1847.]
War Department,
Washington^ JYovernber 8, 1847.
Sir: I herewith send you a copy of an order of the Presidentj
modifying the existing rates of contribution on imports into Mexi-
can ports in our military possession. The modifications will be at
once adopted and carried into eifect at each port, on the receipt of
a copy of said order.
With great respect, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY^
Secretary of War.
Major General Winfield Scott,
Commanding United States army, Mexico.
P. S. A copy of the foregoing lefter and documents has been.
sent to the commanding officers at Vera Cruz, Tampico, and Mata-
moras, with directions to have the modifications immediately car-
ried into effect. '
War Department,
MoveiJiber 19, 1847.
Sir: Your official despatches, Nos. 31, 32, 33, and 34, communi-
cating the various and brillant successes of the heroic army under
your connriand, after its advance from Puebla until its victorious
entry into the city of Mexico, were receiv<;d here on the i2th in-
stant.
The signal abilily by which the successive operatipns have been
directed by yoursflf, and executed by the officers of every grade,
and the whole army under your comir.and, has received, not only
the entire approval, but tlie highest commendation of the President.
Ex. Doc. No. GO. 1015
These wonderful achievements are the theme of praise and admira-
tion throughout the nation, snd have called forth intense feelings
of gratitude to the gallant officers and brave men by vi'hom they
ave been performed.
The President will embrace the occasion of the approaching
meeting of Congress to express to that body and the nation his
high appreciation of their distinguished services to the country.
The duplicate of your letter of the 27th ultimo, No. 35, has also
been received, but without the papers therein referred to.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient ser-
yant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Winfield Scott,
Commanding U. S. army^ city of Mexico.
[The following correspondence accompanied the accounts of th? battles of Mexico, heretofor&
published. ]
IIead-quarteks of the Army,
Mexico J October 2, 1847.
Major General Scott, with his compliments, invites Major Gen-
eral Pillov;f's attention to several passages in the official reports of
the latter, dated, respectively, August 24th and September I8th^
which seem to require correction.
In the former paper, pp. 2 and 3, General P. makes General S.
come on the field with Brigadier General Shields, after General
Pillow had ordered Colonel Morgan and the 15th infantry to sup-
port Brigadier General Cadwalader, at the village of Contreras or
San Geronirno.
Ought not General P. to interline, or to add, that that order was
given at the instance of General S.?
General S. also hopes that General P. will, on reflection, be kind
enough to strike out of the some paper the egmraendation, at once
handsome and grateful, which General P., at page 17, was pleased
to bestow on General S.; 1st, because it appears in an official
paper from a junior to a senior, which makes it impossible for the
senior to forward it; and 2d, because, if the right of a junior to
praise be admitted, it would carry with it the correlative right of
the junior to censure the senior' under the same connexion, which
would be against all discipline.
Those coirections it has been the intention of General S., from
the first, to invite General P. to aiake; but the hurry of events has
heretofore prevented.
General S. forwarded, early in September, his reports of the
operations of August 19th and 20th; but not the reports to him of
the commanders of corps, because the messenger could only lake
about his person packages of small size, capable of concealment.
It is fortunate that the reports of divisions did not go by that mes~
1016 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
senger, as it is now fully believed that he was cut off by the
enemy.
In a day or two, however. General S. hopes to find an opportu-
nity of sending off to Vera Cruz, or Tampico, not only his own
reports of the operations of August 19th and 20th, September 8th,
12th, 13th, and 14th, but also those from divisions and brigades,
and hence he proceeds, as intimated above, to notice what he con-
ceives to be errors in General P.'s report of September 18th, under
consideration, yesterday, for the first time by General S.
At page 4, General P. says: "All being now ready and eager for
the conflict, I ordered ail the batteries silenced and the command
to advance."
, If General P. here means that he silenced the batteries of his
0W71 division, it is well; but then he ought to qualify the sentence
accordingly, for there were others: the heavy batteries, Nos. 1, 2,
3, and 4, not under General P.'s command, and the cessation of
whose fire in the morning of the 13th, as ordered the night before
by General S., Major Generals Pillow and Quitman were to con-
sider as the signal for the joint attack, and those batteries General
S. ordered, about 8 o'clock on the morning of the 13lh, to cease
firings as such signal, and at the same time gave notice thereof,
through aides-de-camp, to Generals P. and Q.
At page 15, same report. General P. says: "Having carried
Chapultepec, and being unable to proceed with my command, J or-
dered it forward under Generals Quitman and Worth," &c., &c.
General S. apprehends that there are several errors in this pas-
sage; 1st, he thinks, from what he personally saw, that General
P., after receiving an agonizing wound, in the able and heroic dis-
charge of his duty, was not in a condition, unfortunately, to com-
mand; and 2d, General S. knows that he, himself, gave reiterated
orders for Clarke's, first, and then Cadwalader's brigade to support
Worth, and then, that Pierce's brigade should support Quitman;
besides specially designating Lieutenant Colonel Howard, with
part of the 15th infantry, as the garrison of Chapultepec.
General S. is sorry to perceive, in General P.'s report of 3eptem-
tember I8th, a seeming effort, no doubt unintentional, to leave
General S. entirely out of the operations of September 13th.
There are other inaccuracies in the two papers in question, which
have, or may be, silently corrected in General S.'s general reports.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
To Major General Pillow.
Mexico, October 3, 1847.
My dear General: You have done me an act of kindness in
calling my attention to certain portions of ray report deemed inac-
curate.
You have been my friend, you have given me your confidence^
and have placed me in positions of great responsihUity; and I
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1017
trust I have sustained the honor and interests of ray country^ and
justified your selection.
For your uniform kindness and friendship I shall ever feel, and,
I trust, manifest a proper sense oi gratitude.
For the opinion I entertain of the merits due to you^ and of your
talents as a military chieftain, and for my disposition to do you
justice, I cannot but refer you to the opinion so fully expressed,
under my oicn proper signature, in my report of the 24th of Au-
gust, which you, from motives of delicacy, desire me to strike out.
I trust you will look to it for tha purpose of vindicating my
motives against the ^/iowg'At expressed in the last paragraph but one,
of youj note of yesterday.
Feeling towards [youj as I did, in that report, it would be ex-
traoixnnar)'- indeed if I were, afterwards, without any motive other
than that created by being placed under additional obligations of
kindness, I were, unintentionally, to produce the impression which,
to you, appears in lay report of the 13th ultimo.
I should despise myself if I were capable of cherishing such pur-
pose.
Whilst I have no hesitatioii in correcting anything in my report
deemed erroneous, still, I trust, as a personal explanation of some
portions deemed erroneous is due \o myself, I hope you will favor
me with a few minutes' call, as I am unable to call upon you. I
should be glad to see you in relation to another subject also.
Be good enough to have my reports handed to Captain Hooker;
I will return them to-day. I would thank you to indicate to me
the other inaccuracies.
Very truly, &c.,
GIDEON J. PILLOW.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Mexico, October 3, 1847.
Sir: On your back, as you still are, v.dth a painful wound, I
yesterday very reluctantly troubled you with the note of that date,
but v.'as obliged to do so before finishing my report of the recent
glorious operations, in which you had a full and most distinguished
participation. I was then at a stand still, waiting for Major Gen-
eral Quitman's report, that has, at length, been received. I am ac-
co--dingly laboring to finish my despatch to-day, or, at the latest,
to-morrow. But, in the mean time, here is a report, believed by
almost every body, that General Taylor is advancing upon San
Luis de Potosi and this place, and I must write at once to him,
leaving a wide margin of discretion, to halt at San Luis; but if
forced to advance, by the want of money and supplies, to leave
Queretaro on his right, so as not to disperse the slight elements of
peace about to be brought together at that point. I mention this
for your information, and to show you, also, how I am occupied
and fatigued.
You request me to point out any inaccuracies in your report, not
1018
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
before specifically stated, and to which I alluded in my note of
yesterday.
In your paper of August 24, toward the close, you say that you
proposed the joint attack on San Antonio, in front and rear, and
sent to me a message advising that attack; probably through Lieu
tenant Ripley, your aid-de-camp. I remember to have met Mr.
evening of the 19th, with instructions as soon as he (Worth) shou
see our troops approaching San Antonio by the rear, to attack that
place in front, and, at the same time, to turn it by its right. Hence
the instructions I gave you at Coyoacan, the 20th,' after 4)reviously
sending Captain Lee, engineer, supported by a squadron of horse-
and the rifle regiment, to give the concerted signal to Worth of the
approach upon the rear of San Antonio. That part of your report^
therefore, is unjust to me, and seems, without intending it, I am
sure, to make you control the operations of the whole army, in-
cluding my own views and acts.
I think you also in error in stating that the troops at Contreras,
in_ the morning of the 20tli, executed the precise plans and views
laid down, by you, for their government the evening before.
In haste, permit me to repeat, once more, that I have, from my
first meeting with you, been anxious, from a high opinion of your
head and heart, your intelligence, honor, zeal, and valor, to win
your esteem and confidence, on any terms consistent with justice
and honor, in which sentiments,
I remain, truly, yours,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
[Private.]
Mexico, October 3, 1847. ff
My dear General: I desired much to have seen you in person)
to have explained what I must attempt to do by this note. My
order to Colonel Morgan to support General Cadwalader at Con-
treras, was borne and delivered to that officer by Captain Hooker.
who returned to my position on the hill, and was then by me sent
to receive and conduct you to my position, as the one most iavora-
ble for observing the movements of the contending armies. Where
you came up^ that regiment had commenced the movement, and;,
had nearly reached the corner of the field, while the rear ha(
scarcely got in motion. On your arrival you asked me what corps
it was.^ 1 replied, and told you'my order in regard to it, and aske(
you if It was proper. You replied, it was. In this recollection ol
mine, I am fully and clearly sustained by Captain Hooker, whos(
recollection I have consulted, without giving him any reasons foi
so doiri'r.
o
The officer by whom my request for your authority to proceec
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1019
round the valley and strike San Antonio in rear was sent, was
Lieutenant Davis. I received for answer your approval of the
suggestion at San Angel, and halted the command at Coyoacan
under orders dtlivered to me by Mr. Lay. I now learn from your
note that you had made the order prior to my application, and have
accordingly so stated in my report.
The order to my command to advance after the fall of Chapulte-
pec, was given before you arrived at that place, antl was given
^- upon the special' application of General Quitman in person, and
</ Mr. Ripley was engaged in endeavoring to carry it into effect when
you reached the hill, and a portion of my command had actually
left the place before your arrival. I know I was unable to pro-
ceed witla my command, but as I had not surrendered it, I thought
I had a right, and accordingly had ordered it forward. lam aware
that after your arrival you did repeatedly order the troops then
there to move forward. I had given no orders to Colonel Clarke's
brigade, for the reason that as they were only sent forward as a
reserve in the assault upon Chapultepec, I did not conceive myself
authorised to give that command any orders after the fall of that
place. I am aware that you gave the order to the 15th infantry to
garrison Chapultepec. This explanation of facts I deem due to
myself^ iand to your opinion of my motives; and as I could not
make it to you personally, (as I was ?nxious to do,) I now here
state it. I have altered my report, however, in all the particulars
suggested by you, except the last. I have done so in deference to
your understanding of the facts, as I could well conceive their
bearing might be misapprehended by the public, and the changes
suggested, if not made, might tend in some degree to withhold
from you the measure of justice and merit to which I am fully per-
suaded you are justly entitled in all these most brilliant operations.
I have not changed the report in the last particular indicated in
your second note, and I do not see that that statement^in my re-
port can, in any possible degree, affect yow, and knowing that the
movement of the next morning did carry out my original orders to
General Twiggs, and as it would place me in the awkward position
of having gone into battle without any order of battle^ or the forces
in the position of having disregarded my orders, I ask your indul-
gence in permitting ray report to stand unaltered as to that state-
ment. I freely confess myself indebted to your kindness for what-
ever reputation I may have acquired in this valley, and I therefore
feel it my duty unhesitatingly to waive my recollections of the facts
in deference to yours and to your kindness to me. So far from
feeling any wish in my heart to withhold one particle of merit from
him who deserves so much of gratitude at my hands, and of honor
frottj his country, it seems that, in my eagerness to testify to the
world my sense of what v/as due you, that I committed, in my first
eport, an innpropiiety. •
[ thank you, general, for the kind and flattering terms in which
you have been pleased in your note to speak of my conduct. To
serve my country with j^de/tYy has been my earnest desire and
constant effort. In doing so, to know that my conduct has received
1020
Ex. Doc. No. GO.
t)ii'. approval of my clti^f^ if next ill At^ttt to the Mtiitfartj'on
havl/ij^ «lon«; ruy 'lijty to xuy couotry,
PjTi/jit ini; hirrt- to T*'.(A\iTfniiiiti fh<f kifi'J feefjrj— r-- •' i
Mhip which you hav«! exj)rt!n%fd tovrarrJn myi<;lf,
thit in my iriendkhipM I am
Very t
OI/J. J. PILLOW
P. S, f omittffd to (.'Xplain my •tatftoeot feiating to tb» orW* r
th«! lMtt»;ri«:H. J recolli-'ct diKtinctly that the hrary
ailmr.dd by your orderj vtuji the nignal for the taovt-t:
anri C/en<.'ial Quitman. Some fifteen mtnute* before 1 ord< -
command in advance, General Quitajan bad Mat me vr- '
cral Slii«ld»'M aid-d«:-camp, Mr. iJavifc, thjit h** w»« r^-a
1 wan not (juilf^ ready. I made all ruy <
battericB were »lill driu^. The hour, h _^ . ., ^xi
an I concluded there wag lome mitapprehension of voor order at t|
the «ignal, and as both commands were ready for the raorefr* •.*.
8ent over I/ieutfnanl Kiaurt-^ard to order the batteries t-
firing;. In doin^ so, I did not dri-am of interfering witr
tericM, but thought myself carrying into effect your own r. .._ _
j>rderH of the previous ni^ht. i3ut in uiy report I felt tt nj duti
to conceal nothing from you, and I therefore made the ftatemet.^
of what I had done.
All this I would have itaid in ray report, but for my vith to C4
dense my report as much as possible. I have qualified tny x*-s
however, coi.fining ruy statement to my own batteries, &c.
Truly, &,c.,
G. J. P.
r
Head-qcartcbs or the A?
•Vcxico, October 4.
Sir: I have just received your second note, dated (probably
mistake) yesterday, on the subject of your two re;
the operations of the forces under your immediate <
19th and 20th of August, and the l^th and 13lh of September.
The discrepancies between your memory*and mine, re'-
those operations, are so many and so material, thai I re_
you have made any alteration in either report at my
Having, however, made several, more, it would seem, *
than from any conviction on your part of error in the repo: ~
shall, as soon as I can, forward them to the War Departm'--*
my two notes to you and your two in reply; an'! r.-?:e, I
all further correspondence between us on the subject oiiKu.
cease. •
I have the honor to remain, &c.,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
To Major General Pillow.
f<*r
r
t
1022 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
effect, assigns me to the command of the two regiments of volun-
teers, now here in the field. It is but due to the general-in-chief
to state, that I regard myself as senior officer under him, unless Bre-
vet Major General Worth has been assigned to duty, according to
his brevet rank, by the President, of which 1 am not informed.
Under the order alluded to, my command will consist of but two
regiments, while my juniors in rank, entitled only to brigades, are
in command of divisions consisting of five and six regiments each
and this army would present the singular spectacle of brigadier
generals commanding divisions, colonels and lieutenant coTonels
brigades, and a major general commanding less than a brigade.
^ I will not, at this time, present my views of the humiliatino- po-
sition in which such a distribution of the forces would place me
.but I earnestly appeal to the sense of justice of the general-in-
chief, and to his known respect for the institutions and laws of our
country, the common source of the power and rights which he as
well as I possess, to assign to me a command in the army propor-
tioned to my rank.
I have the honor to be, with the highest respect, your obedient
servant,
J. A. QUITMAN,
Major General U. S. A.
Captain H. L. Scott, A. A. A. General, ■
Head-quarters army.
Head-quabters of the Akmy,
Puebla, May 31, 1847.
Sir: I have just received your letter of yesterday, enclosifio- a
copy of one dated the 16th instant, which, as you have supposed
miscarried. '
I also received, the night before last, your letter of the 29th
instant, which I considered as substantially answered by my order
of yesterday. Some confusion was unavoidable under the circum-
stances of my arrival, the conseqient change in the general com-
mand, and the false alarm of the 29th. It takes a commander sev-
eral days to learn the distribution of the troops, made before his
arrival, the approaches the enemy may avail himself of, the points
cf defence, &c., &c. Being much indisposed, I was slow in ac-
quiring that knowledge, and in the mean time Heft much power in
the previous commander of the advanced corps.
I regret that you have addressed me the letter of the 30th. Be-
ing much occupied with the ordinary business of the army, and the
high duties of the campaign, with all of which I should be happy
to make you acquainted, if you would call, I have no leisure for
a laborious corresponden«ie with the officers whom I have the honor
to command, and who are near me.
1 have heretofore announced to this army, in orders, and reminded
you by letter, that Brevet Major General Worth was assigned to
duty here in Mexico according to his brevet rank.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1023
Since you marched from Jalapa, a brigadier general of the United
States army, in the command of volunteers, I have been officially
advised of your merited promotion — as I understand the law, to the
rank of major general, attached to the new regiments, authorized
by a recent act of Congress — not one of which has arrived, though
all of them were originally intended for this army. Portions of
several of them, amounting to about 4,C00 men, have been, I learn,
ordered to the Rio Grande frontier. Should two or more of those
regiments come under my immediate orders, they shall be assigned
to your present division. That division, I am aware, is at present
not embodied, being divided between Jalapa, Perote,and this place.
Foreseeing that it would be so divided, I declared Major General
Patterson to be a supernumerary with this army. You, at the date
:)f that order, were only a brigad.er general. The two regular di-
i^isions with me have also left detachments at Vera Ciuz, Jalapa,
ind Perote, and have otherwise been much reduced.
Not having with me the necessary number of troops to fill up
(rour division, without breaking up the other two, which I would
leem inexpedient, if not highly unjust; to oblige you, I might con-
sent to send you to the new regiments, ordered to the Rio Grande
frontier, if it were practicable for you to go thither in safety. But
[ do not think it practicable, and hope, therefore, under all the cir-
jumstances, you will remain in your present position, though some-
s^hat anomalous, and let this army have the benefit of your valuable
lervices. Casualties or changes which could not have been fore-
leen at Washington, or by me, and which have been entirely un-
ivoidable, have placed you in that position. As a good soldier, a
rood patriot, and a good man, you will, I hope, cheerfully bend to
jircumscances. I should part with you, at this time, with deep
'egret. Your post is still one of honor, and you can fill it with
listiuction. Remain then, and give me your cordial aid and support.
I remain, sir, with respect and esteem, your most obedient ser-
vant,
Major General Quitman,
U. S. Army J ^-c, ^c.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
PuEBLA, June 3, 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of the letter
)f the general-in-chiei of the 31st ultimo. His wishes, not to be
)urdened with a further correspondence on this subject, prevailed
vith me for a time, but further reflection convinced me that while
ny opinion remained unchanged, he would more highly appreciate
I frank reply.
The position of this army, in the midst of a iiostile population,
ind almost before the gates of their capital, leaves me for the
)resent no alternative but to adhere to its fortunes, however my
ank may be degraded, or my rights as an officer overlooked.
)0 deeply am I impressed with this conviction, that I would follow
1024 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
the destinies of this army as a volunteer, sooner than abandon it at
this moment. I have, therefore, no choice but to remain in the
truly anomalous position in which the recent order places me; but
I would be faithless to the trust which the President has reposed in
me, and to the rights with which the laws of my country have in-
vested me, were I to submit to the humiliating position assigned to
me in the army, v/ithout entering my respectful protest against the
construction placed by the general-in- chief upon my commission as
major general, and against the order which limits my command to
the volunteer troops in this army.
I hold a commission as major general, in the service of the United
States. Its language is the same as that ordinarily used in the
regular army, without any other qualifications or limitations. If
we refer back to the act of Congress, of the 3d' March, under which
the President , was authorized to appoint two additional major
generals, we will find nothing in it which limits their command to
the additional forces to be raised under the act of the 11th Feb-
ruary preceding. The terms of these acts of Congress appear to
me palpably inconsistent with such a construction, because they
provide that no division shall consist of less than two brigades, of
at least three regiments each, when but ten regiments are raised by
the act of the 11th February; thus requiring, at least, two addition-
al regiments from the regular volunteer troops, to constitute the
minimum command of the major generals. Moreover, these acts
authorize the President to organize this additional military force
into divisions and brigades, indiscriminately, with regular and vol-
unteer troops; and, when thus organized, they may be commanded
by any of the general officers of the army. I will not dwell upon
the confusion and difficulty which would arise in the service, if
this construction be not correct.
To present fairly and explicitly my objections to the limited com-
mand assigned to me by the second paragraph of general orders,.
No. 162, it is necessary to refer to the present organization of
this army. The first division, commanded by Brevet Major General
Worth, consists, as I learn, of the 4th, 5th, 6th and 8th regiments
of infantry, the 2d and 3d regiments of artillery, and Lieutenant
Colonel Duncan's battery. The 2d division, commanded by
Brigadier General Twiggs, consists of the 2d, 3d and 7th regiments
of infantry, the 4th artillery, the rifle regiment, and Captains Tay-
lor and Talcoti's batteries, besides the troops left behind in garri-
son. The division assigned to me consists only of the New York
antl South Carolina regiments, besides the 1st and 2d Pennsylvania
regiments, left in garrison; the 1st at Perote, under Colonel Wyn-
koop, as commander of that department; the 2d with other troops,
under Brevet Colonel Childs of the artillery, as commander of the
department of Jalapa. Over neither of these regiments have I
any authority, thus leaving my command to consist, virtually, of
but the two first named regiments. The brigades of the 1st divi-
sion are respectively commanded by Colonel Clarke, and Brevet
Colonel Garland. Those of the 2d, by Brevet Brigadier General
Smith, and Brevet Colonel Riley; each of these brigades has more
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1025
eflfective men in the field, than my whole actual command. This
inequality, when taken in connexion with my rank and the re-
spective grades of the other officers, is so striking as to give me
just cause of complaint; for if it be considered highly unjust to any,
or a portion of the officers now in command, under the temporary
organization which exists, to limit them to their appropriate^ com-
mands, how much more so to deprive a higher officer of the com-
mand unquestionably due to his rank.
Heartily reciprocating the pei'sonal respect which the general-
in-chief has ever manifested towards me, and grateful for the kind
expressions of his letter, I very reluctantly again advert to the
question of rank heretofore presented by me. Believing, as I do, in
common, as I am informed, with a large portion of the officers of
the army, that the President of the United States alone has the
authority to assign ar> officer duty accdrding to his brevet rank, I
owe it to myself and to the service, to question the right of a brevet
major general to command me, except in the cases specified in the
61st article of war, until I am advised that such assignment comes
from the high source required by law. Neither the order of the
general-in-chief referred to, nor his letter addressed to me from
Jalapa, gives me the desired information on this point.
I should have been well content, if the power had been reposed
by law in the discretion of the commanding general, but conscien-
tiously believing that it is not so vested, a sense of duty requires
me frankly to express ray opinion upon this subject now, that the
question may be settled by the proper authority, and that conflict
of opinion hereafter may not produce inconvenience, or do injury
to the publid service.
With assurances of my highest personal and official respect for
the general-in-chief, I remain your obedient servant,
J. A. QClTr.TAN,
Maj. Gen. U. S. Army^ commanding Vol. Div.
Captain H. L. Scott,
A. A. A. Gen.^ Head-quarters of the Army., Puebla.
Endorsed — Replied to this letter orally.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Head-quartebs, Volunteer Division,
Mexico, October 25, 1847.
Sir: At Puebla, shortly after receiving official notice of my ap-
pointment as major general, I had the honor to apply to the gen-
eral in-chief for a command in this army suited to my rank. From
the construction which the general then gave to the law under
which I had been appointed, and with the views which he enter-
tained of the organization of the forces under his immediate com-
mand, he then declined assigning to me a full division in this army.
Had it then been possible for me, which he doubted, to have re-
65
1026 Ex. Doc. No. 60,
paired to the Rio Grande frontier, still the peculiar position of this
army, at that time, would have rendered it improper, if not dis-
reputable, in me, as an officer, to apply for orders to leave it. I
therefore yielded to the request of the general to remain in the
anomalous position in which I was placed, commanding but the
fragment of a division.
The face of things is now changed. This victorious army quietly
occupies the enemy's capital, and will probably remain inactive for
some time to come. The reasons for my remaining here, without
an adequ«ate command, cease to exist; and my honor, as well as my
duty, requires that I should reiterate my application for a command
proportioned to my rank; or, if the opinions and views of the gen-
eral on this subject, communicated to me at Pyebla, remain un-
changed, that I should apply for such orders as will enable me to
join my appropriate corps. Still protesting against the construc-
tion which the general-in-chief has placed upon my commission,
and respectfully urging my claim to a full command, wherever I
may be placed upon duty, I may be permitted to suggest that, from
change of circumstances, the government may be inclined to new
views of prosecuting the war, causing partial reorganizations of the
forces in the field.
I therefore respectfully request orders to report in person to the
Secretary of War, that I may apply to the highest military author-
ity for some permanent assignment of duty.
Assuring the general-in-chief of the continuance of my high re-
gard and esteem, I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. A. QUITMAN,
Major General U. S. Army,
Captain H. L. Scott,
Ji, A. A. General.
Endorsement on the foregoing.
I deem it my duty to forward this letter for the view of the Sec-
retary of War, and add some remarks:
1. General Quitman marched for Puebla, as a brigadier general,
attached to volunteers. At or on his way to Puebla, he received,
in May, his promotion to major general in the army, attached, as I
conceived, to the new regiments.
2. That impression of mine, derived from a view of the law, was
soon confirmed by a paper from the adjutant general's office, dated
April 26, 1847, (No. 1,) headed "regular army — additional force,"
which evidently proceeded from the highest authority, and in which
paper, organizing the new forces, Quitman is put down to command
a division of those new regiments.
3. But at that time (end of May and beginning of June) it was
impossible to send Major General Quitman in safety to his new di-
vision, (understood to be on the Rio Grande frontier,) inasmuch as
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1027
1,200 or lj500 men would have been necessary to escort him, and
I have not had the means of sending a detachment down to Vera
Cruz since that time. .
4. I send, herewith, General Quitman's two former letters to me
on the subject, and my reply to the first. To the second I replied
orally. I have treated, from the first, this most respectable and
distinguished officer with the greatest kindness and consideration.
Respectfully submitted.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Mexico, October 27, 1S47.
No. 35.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Mexico^ October 21 J 1847.
Sir: I am still uncertain whether either of my reports to the de-
partment, Nos. 31, 32, 33, and 34, giving- our operations [of] Au-
gust 19 and 20, September 8, 12, 13, and 14, has reached Vera
Cruz, on its way to Washington, although duplicates of all, and
triplicates of several of them, have been successively despatched.
I enclose, herewith, two very interesting reports made to me from
below: 1. From Colonel Childs, governor and commander at Pue-
bla, dated the 13th inst., detailing the defence of that place, which,
though highly arduous, gallant, and triumphant, has not exceeded
what was expected at the hands of that excellent commander, his
officers, and men. 2. From Brigadier General Lane, dated at Pue-
bla, the 18th instant, giving a brief account of a brilliant and suc-
cessful affair between him and a body of the enemy at Huamantla.
In a report from Colonel Wilson, governor and commander at
Vera Cruz, dated about the 14th instant, (he omitted the day,) it
appears that Major General Patterson, with Brigadier Generals
Marshall and Cushing, had arrived some 15 or 18 days before, and
were expected soon to take up the line of march in this direction,
with a reinforcement of, perhaps, 5,000 men.
Before the receipt of that communication, and on the mere ru-
mor of arrivals, I had addressed a circular, October 13, a copy of
which is herewith enclosed, to the unknown commanders below.
From Major General Patterson I have no official report, and but
very partial information as to the character and description of the
reinforcements which have arrived at Vera Cruz since July. I pre-
sume, however, they are mainly volunteers, with, probably, some
companies and detachments of recruits for the regular regiments
with me. The latter I shall order up to join their respective
corps.
After establishing the new posts below, as indicated in my cir-
cular letter of instructions, (October 13,) I hope to have the means
of occupying Atlisco, some 18 miles from Puebla, and Toluca, the
state capital of Mexico, 40 miles hence, and, perhaps, Orizaba;
• Published, Doc. No. 1, ist ses3iou,30tli Congress.
1028 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
but probably shall not attempt any more distant expedition with-
out further reinforcements, or until I shall have received the views
of the department on the plans submitted in my report (No. 34) of
the 18th ultimo.
There is^till some slight hope that negotiations for a peace may
soon be renewed; but on this subject Mr. Trist, our commissioner,
will, no doubt, fully report to the State Department.
The following are the dates of all the communications I have re-
ceived from the War Department since the iLonth of May: April
30, and May 31, (duplicates,) June 14, June 15, (two )
I have the honor to be, &ir, with high respect, your most obedient
servant,
WINFIELD SGOTT.
Hon. W. L. Marcyj
Secretary of War.
Head-quarters of the Army,
October 13, 1847.
Sir: I am without information, other than mere rumors, as to the
number and description of the troops, or the names of command-
ers, who have arrived at Vera Cruz since the month of July. I
suppose, however, that, including regiments of volunteers and re-
cruits, and companies belonging to the regiments here, there may
now be in route, th's side of Vera Cruz, from 4,000 to 7,000 men,
and that Major General Patterson, and Brigadier Generals Mar-
shall, Lane, and Gushing, may be with them.
In that uncertainty, I shall make this letter a circular, and send
copies to the commanders of the United States troops at Puebla,
Perote, Jalapa, JNational Bridge, and Vera ^"^njZj for the gcvcrn-
ment of all, and particularly of the senior genera!, or other officer
below or east of this capital. On the supposition that a large or
sufficient body of men nas marched from Vera Cruz for the inte-
rior, I desire two or three military posts, of from 500 to 750 men
each, be established between that se'aport and Jalapa; another at
the latter place, of from 750 to 1,200 men, with, if there be caval-
ry, at least one troop of horse at each post. Two troops at a post,
particularly at Jalapa, would be preferable. The garrison of Pue-
bla is insufficient in numbers to hold any considerable part of the
city. That point requires from 1,200 to 2,000 men.
Let all the men left sick or wounded at Vera Cruz, Perote,
Puebla, or who are now fit for duty, be brought up to their respec-
tive regiments; and particular care will be token that, if regiments
be broken into detachments, that the detachments of the same regi-
ments be stationed in posts the nearest to each oth«'r. Any surplus
force, after establishing the new posts, as above, and strengthening
the garrison at Puebla, I wish to be halted at the lattei* city, and
to await my further orders.
A general officer may be posted in command of the depart-
ment of Jalapa, and another in the command of the depart-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1029
raent of Puebla, in which case Colonel Childs will be sent to
his regiment here. If Major General Patterson prefers the latter
department, it will be his right to remain there, but without any
increase of the garrison on the score of his rank.
The Hon. Mr. Bankhead, British minister to Mexico, an invalid,
is about to pass down the country, escorted by a detachment of
Mexican soldiers, with my passport, to embark at Vera Cruz. I
desire that the highest respect and attention be shown to this dis-
tinguished functionary, on the route as well as at Vera Cruz.
The objects of the posts, old and new, mentioned above, are to
disinfest the route from the capital to Vera Cruz of guerrillasj
rancheros, and other robbers about the posts respectively, and for
as many miles up and down as practicable; as also to give such
additional escorts as can be furnished to trains and expresses, as
may be passing either way, and may be needed.
I have heard of many disorders and outrages said to have been
committed by Major Lally's detachment, about Jalapa. I trust
that the rumors greatly exaggerate the facts; or rather, that they
are^entirely false. I will tolerate no disorders of any kind, but
cause all to be rigorously punished. No officer or man, under my
orders, shall be allowed to dishonor me, the army, and the United
States, with impunity. See, herewith, general order No. 287, dated
September 17, 1847.
I remain, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
To Colonel Wilson, U. S. A.,
Governor and commandant of Vera Cruz.
Head-quarters, Puebla,
September 25, 1847.
Having taken possession of this city with the forces under my
command, to operate against the points occupied by you, and for
the purpose of restoring to full liberty the citizens who have suf-
fered so much from the troops of the United States, I deem it
proper, before making any movement, and for the sake of humanity,
to intimate to your excellency that you shall have leave, within a
limited time, to abandon the places you now occupy in this city,
and march out with the honors of war, either to join General Scott,
or to proceed to Perote, as may be most convenient for you. But
if this moderate proposition be not accepted by your excellency, I
shall, in that case, with the deepest feeling, proceed to act in a
military manner, and assault all of your positions, and from the
consequences of which your troops must suffer, inasmuch as there
is in the vicinity of your excellency an army of eight thousand
men, determined to cause the rights of this nation to be respected.
God and liberty.
ANTONIO LOPEZ DE SANTA ANNA,
G en eral-in- chiefs Mexican Army.
Senor Colonel Childs,
Commander of the United States forces in this city.
1030 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Head- QUARTERS, City of Puebla, Mexico,
September 25, 1847.
I had the honor to receive this day (2 o'clock, p. m.) the note of
your excellency, of this date, notifying me that you had taken
possession of this city, and "for the purpose of restoring to full
liberty the citizens who have suffered so much from the troops of
the United States," and also offering the garrison certain terms in
case they would, in a limited time, abandon the points occupied
by the same.
In regard to the first point, I deem it necessary and just, in vin-
dication of the good name of the military forces of the United
States — which they have earned by the humanity, good order, and
discipline which have at all times distinguished their conduct, and
more particularly while holding military possession of the city of
Puebla — to deny the imputation conveyed in your excellency's
communication; but, on the contrary, would assert that the rights
of persons and property have been most scrupulously respected, and
maintained to a degree unparalleled in warfare; and would will-
ingly leave the question for the decision of the intelligent and im-
partial portion of the population of this city, by whom have they
suffered most violence, from their own people or from troops of
the army of the United States.
As for the other portion of your excellency's communication, de-
manding a surrender, within a limited time, of the places held by
the troops under my command, I have but this reply to make to
your excellency: that having been honored with the custody and
safe keeping of these places, it is alike my desire and my duty to
maintain them to the last, feeling fully confident in the means at
my disposal to accomplish that purpose.
With consideration of high respect, I have the honor to be, your
excellency's most obedient servant,
THOMAS CHILDS, Col. U. S. A.,
Civil and Military Governor.
To his excellency Senor Don Lopez de Santa Anna,
Commander-in-chief of the Mexican army before this city.
A true copy.
W. I
Captain 2d artillery.
W. C. DE HART,
Head- QUARTERS, Department Puebla,
Puebla, October 18, 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to inform you of my arrival at this place,
on the 12th instant, with a force consisting of Colonel Gorman's
regiment, Indiana volunteers; Colonel Brough's regiment, Ohio
volunteers; Major Lally's battalion, 12 companies; Captain Heint-
zleman's battalion, 450 men; Captain Simmon's comjnand, 206
men; and two batteries artillery, 2 pieces each, commanded by
Lieutenants Pratt, 2d artillery, and Field, 3d artillery; five com-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1031
panics mounted men, numbering about 150 men. Owing to rumors
that reached me at Perote, of a large force in the vicinity of El
Pinal, I permitted Colonel Wynkoop tD accompany me to that
place, with four companies infantry, Captain Walker's company,
Captain Taylor's company, with three pieces artillery. They came
here, but will return in a few days. Learning that Santa Anna,
with a large force, was at Huamantla, I packed my train at San
Antonio Tamaris, and moved forward to meet him. After a sharp
engagement, he w^as completely routed, leaving two pieces artil-
lery, and great quantities of ammunition, &c. I regret to mention
the loss of the gallant Captain Walker, mounted rifles, who was
killed in town. Our whole loss, in killed and wounded, is about
t\venty-five. Colonel La Vega and Major Iturbide were taken
prisoners. My whole force is about thirty-three hundred men.
Major Lally left Jalapa by order of Colonel Wilson.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your most obedient
servant,
JOSEPH LANE,
Brigadier General.
Capt. H. L, ScoT.T,
ji. A. A. General.
No. 36.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Mexico, Movember 27, 1847.
Sir: Since the letter recalling Mr. Trist was received, we have
certain information that the Mexican government had, about the
same time, appointed commissioners to meet him for negotiating the
terms of a peace; and, if we had a commission here to receive them,
it is believed that a satisfactory treaty might soon be agreed upon
betw^een the two belligerents. Those commissioners are understood
to be now in this city, but they have not called on me or submitted
to me any proposition whatever, although the government at Quere-
taro has been informed that I shall at all times be ready to send
home any communication, looking to a renewal of negotiations,
from that government. It is doubtful, however, I learn indirectly,
whether the Mexican government, or its commissioners, will adopt
that course.
I have now been waiting with anxiety, for nearly a month, the
arrival of the reinforcements with Major General Patterson, and
others, coming up from Vera Cruz. That general, in an official
report dated the 10th instant, informs me that he halted with
some 2,600 men "for duty," at Jalapa; had sent his wagons back
to the seaport, and expected to renew his march, in this direction,
about the 20th instant. He had received my instructions of the
13th and 28th ultimo, (others await him at Puebla,) directing the
regarrisoning of Jalapa with some 1,200 men, and the establishment
of at least two new posts between that city and Vera Cruz; The
1032 " Ex. Doc. No. 60.
latter he had established at the bridge over the San Juan, and at the
national bridge; but whether the 2,600 men "for duty" be a sur-
plus over and above the new garrison at Jalapa, the report does
not inform me. The instructions waiting at Puebla direct that an-
other new post of from 400 to 500 men shall be established at Rio
Frio, on the national road, about 36 miles from Puebla, and the
same from this city.
Major General Patterson complains, I have no doubt justly, of
the unfitness, from the want of experience, of the officers and men
with him, for the service of separate posts, whence are to be feared
many disorders and mm^h waste of public property. We are here,
also, very deficient in the number of field and company officers
needed even for ordinary duties; and the force present is barely
sufficient to garrison this large city and the castle of Chapultepec.
One strong detachment is now out with the train despatched hence
to Vera Cruz on the 1st instant, and before its return (about the 5th
proximo) I shall have sent down another for certain supplies, not
to be obtained here on advantageous terms, and in order, as in the
other instance, that a portion of the wagons may be serviceable in
bringing reinforcements from Vera Cruz.
I am happy to learn that Major General Butler was hourly ex-
pected at Vera Cruz early in this month. On his or Major General
Patterson's arrival here, with 4,000 or more reinforcements, over
and above the eastern garrisons, I shall despatch that surplus, or a
force equal to it, to occupy the mining districts within miles
of Zacatecas; and, should the surplus be sufficient, I shall also oc-
cupy the mining district of San Luis de Potosi, unless propositions
of peace, on the part of Mexico, of such a character as to give a
strong probability of their acceptance by our government, combined
with an evident steadiness of purpose at Queretaro, may probably
cause me not to disturb the government at that place, but to pass it
at some distance to the right or left. An indirect overture for an
armistice I have already declined.
In making the proposed distant detachments, I shall endeavor to
send together about equal portions of regulars and volunteers.
The new York, South Carolina, and Pennsylvania regiments,
(the 2d Pennsylvania,) with me, have been exceedingly reduced in
numbers, as are also all the regular regiments.
I invite attention to the accompanying order, No. 358, respecting
bullion and coins. I am engaged in collecting the statistics of
finance in th^s country for the period a little before the commence-
ment of this war. It is possible that if we should be able to oc-
cupy the principal mining districts and seaports of Mexico, and
keep the great highways clear of guerilleros and other robbers, the
per centage on the precious metals — coinage and exports — and duties
on increased imports of foreign commodities, might amount to ten
or even twelve millions a year; but on the approach of even Mexican
troops, in periods of revolution, the miners always run away from
their work, and are rarely brought back in months. The same dif-
ficulty may be apprehended from the approach of our troops. Be-
sides, the mints, (some seven or eight,) by payments in advance,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1033
have, I learn, hired the privilege of coinage for a term of years,
and they are mostly, if not entirely, in the hands of neutrals. And
in respect to other internal resources of ordinary revenue, I suppose
they cannot be made available towards the support of this array,
except by the occupation of the State capitals and through the State
authorities. To collect such revenue directly, by means of agents
of our own — Mexican or Aojerican — would require a host of civil
employees^ involving much extortion, waste, and corruption. The
superintendence of the latter system would be extremely repugnant
to my habits and feelings. But, I repeat, I have but recently com-
menced the study of the subject. By the arrival of adequate rein-
forcements, I hope to be better informed, and, under a general
system to be devised, to be 'able to collect, in the interior, at least
a part of the means necessary to support the occupation.
I have to acknowledge despatches from the department dated
July 12 and 19, both received October 31; September 1, received
November 17; October 6, received November 18; and October 24,
received November 16, In the despatch of the 19th July, it is said
a duplicate of one dated ''the 14th ultimo" is herewith enclosed.
Neither copy has been received, and only the duplicate of that
dated July 12. In respect to the latter, I have only time to say,
that I have ample topics for reply and self-justification, but waive
them for the present.
I shall probably, in three or four days, write again by the down-
ward train. I now avail myself of a messenger who can only take
a few letters and packages.
I have the honor to remain, sir, with high respect, your most
obedient servant.
Hon. W. L. Marcy, Secretary of War,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
[Duplicate.]
No. 37.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Mexico^ December 4, 1847.
Sir: I had designed to send down to Vera Cruz, some five days
ago, another, or a second train of wagons, under an escort, princi-
pally to furnish means of transportation, in part, for reinforce-
ments at that city destined for this place; but learning nothing of
the approach of Major General Patterson's column (or of any other)
since his report from Jalapa of the 10th ultimo, and bearing unof-
ficially that the train- (400 wagons, 150 for reinforcements) de-
spatched hence the first of that month was likely to be detained by
some unknown cause at Vera Cruz, till the 1st or 5th of the pre-
sent month, I have been obliged to delay the second train, as the
force here and at Chapultepec " fit for duty" is only about 6,000
rank and file; the number of " sick," exclusive of officers, being
2,041.
1034 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
What has detained Major General Patterson so long at Jalapa, I
am at a loss to conjecture. He reported on the 10th ultimo that
he would renew his march in ten days, in which case he would now
have been here, but very late unofficial news from Puebla is silent
on this subject. Lieutenant Colonel Johnston, who will command
the first train returning up, has probably been detained at Vera
Cruz, waiting for the arrival of essential articles of clothing from
New Orleans. All the reinforcements which have joined me via
New Orleans, since I left Vera Cruz, have reported that they were
officially told, before leaving their respective rendezvous, they
would find abundant clothing at New Orleans; and there, that the
depot at Vera Cruz would be found ample; whereas not a sixth,
perhaps an eighth part, of the clothing needed by this army has
reached the latter depot since we landed early in March, jexcept,
perhaps, very recently; and that little, it is now reported, has been
issued to the troops that have arrived there since about the middle
of September; they also, it is presumed, having left home with in-
sufficient clothing. Please recur to a notice on the same subject,
in my report to the department (No. 30) dated July 25. If, there-
fore. Lieutenant Colonel Johnston be waiting at Vera Cruz for the
article so much needed here, he will, in the end, probably learn
that one clothing depot is as empty as the other. We have caused
a great number of garments of absolute necessity to be made here,
but of inferior materials and at higher prices compared with those
of Philadelphia.
Mr. Trist will go down with the next train.
No proposition has been made to me, looking to a peace, by the*
federal government of this republic, or its commissioners; the latter
nnderstood to be still in this city. I have not seen them.
In the act of writing, I learn through a merchant that Major
General Patterson was, on the 2d instant, expected at Puebla the
following day.
I have the honor to be, sir, with high respect, your obedient
servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
To the Hon. Secretary of War.
P. S. — "^he foregoing letter was despatched the day of its date,
by a hired Mexican. I have just learned that he was robbed of his
despatches and horse, near and in sight of our new post at Rio
Frio, occupied by new troops.
I send this duplicate with copies of the same papers which ac-
companied the original, to overtake the second train that left here
for Vera Cruz yesterday, under the orders of Brigadier General
Twiggs, who will assume command of the Vera Cruz department,
after inspecting the intermediate garrisons of the Rio Frio, Puebla,
Perote, Jalapa, National Bridge, and San Juan.
Colonel Hays, with five companies of rangers, and Major Lally,
with a detachment of regulars, arrived here the 7th instant. Major
General Patterson came up the following day, and Brigadier Gen-
eral Gushing and brigade were close behind. I have not yet been
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1035
able to obtain a return of those reinforcements; but Major General
Patterson thinks they may in all amount to 3,500, officers and
men.
I have nothing else to add of interest, except that Major General
Butler's column, as well as the train sent hence the first of Novem-
ber, are both expected here in about a week.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Mexico, December 10, 1847.
Mazatlan, Sinaloa,
JVov ember 16, 1847.
General: On the 11th instant I took possession of this town,
with the sailors and marines of the squadron, and am holding it at
great inconvenience to the ships.
I write this on shore, in haste, having an unexpected convey-
ance. I have written you more at length, but have not time to
forward that communication.
The public service would be greatly benefited if you could force
a party of five hundred or a thousand men through to garrison the
place, that I may pursue other objects. I am sure, I need say no
more to you to ensure your assistance, if possible. If you could
send more to any other point than this, I would send for them on
notice.
I am, general, with great respect, &c., your obedient servant,
W. BRANFORD SHUBRICK,
Com. Pacific Squadron.
Major General Winfield Scott,
Com. in Chief U. S. Army^ Mexico.
P. S. The port and town of Guaymas, in Sondra, were captured
on the 19th October, by a part of the squadron, and is held by a
sloop-of-war.
The population of Mazatlan is so large that it requires a military
garrison.
W. B. S.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Mexico^ December 2, 1847.
Sir: I have had the honor to receive your letter, dated at Ma-
zatlan, the 16th ultimo, and am happy to learn that our Pacific
squadron, under your command, has, among other important points,
captured Mazatlan, Guaymas, and I suppose, San Bias.
I have been waiting here two months and a half, to learn the
views of the government at home, or at least for the arrival of rein-
forcements, before undertaking any new and distant operations.
The forces that I had under my orders in the whole of this repub-
lic, except the troops immediately under Major General Taylor,
only gave me the means of occupying Tampico, Vera Cruz, Puebla,
1036 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Chapultepec, and this capital, until recently. We entered this city
with a fraction less than 6,000 men, the morning of September 14th.
About the 25th of that month, Major General Patterson arrived
with some 4,000 men, and Major Genleral Butler followed with as
many more. I learn that another 8,000 may be expected at the
same port in five or six weeks, making in all 16,000 men, less a
smaller body with Brigadier General Lane, which preceded Major
General Patterson and is now awaiting him at Puebla,
Loth of these major generals have been delayed, one at Jalapa
and the other at Vera Cruz, probably by the want of transportation;
when they may be expected here, after establishing the new gar-
risons on the route, I am unable at this time, to say. Perhaps all
their surplus forces, say 10,000 men, deducting the new garrisons,
may be up with me in six or eight weeks. '
According to intimations from the War Department, which may
be changed on receiving late despatches from me, I shall, in pro-
portion to the arrival of reinforcements, occupy, successively, the
principal mining districts, of which Zacatecas and San Luis de Po-
tosi are the respective centres; next, the State capitals within my
reach and surplus means; all \h ith a view to internal trade and the
revenue that may be derived therefrom, to aid in the payment of
the expenses of the occupation, that is, should the government de-
cide upon covering the country in order to force this republic to
sue for peace; and we now have in Mexico no minister or commis-
sioner (since the recall of Mr. Trist) to negotiate a treaty. To
effect that object, by occupying the sources of trade and revenue,
the mining districts and principal cities, including state capitals and
ports of entry, at least 50,000 men in the ranks, not on paper, (the
number I have asked for,) will be indispensable. With that num-
ber I may be able to send garrisons to the principal ports of the
Pacific. In the mean time, I can only suggest, if the latter cannot
be occupied^ that they be blockaded by your squadron.
I take the liberty to enclose a copy of an order, in which I in-
terdict the exportation of uncoined gold or silver, and think of
recommending to the government the continuation of that prohi-
bition, and the imposition of five per centum on the exportation of
all coins. The army of occupation and the citizens of Mexico are
equally interested in compelling miners and capitalists to convert
into specie all the products of the mines, and the occupation may
also levy on melting, assaying, and coinage, a prior duty of, say,
one per centum.
The common service entrusted to us, respectively, is interested
in frequent intercommunications. I shall avail myself of every
opportunity to give you information of the movements and opera-
tions of this army.
I have the honor to remain, sir, with high respect, your most
obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
To Commodore Wm. B. Shubrick,
v. S. JV*., Com. Pacific Squadron, Mazatlan, Mexico.
Official:
G. W. LAY, Lieut, and Mil. Sec.
Ex. Doc. No. 60, 1037
War Department,
Washington, Dec ember 14, 1847.
Sir: You will, herewith, receive a copy of the President's mes-
sage to Congress, and also a copy of the annual report from this
department. The message will make you acquainted with the views
of the President in regard to the future prosecution of the war.
. It is expected that you will use the force under your command
A to hold the city of Mexico, and other places now in your posses-
sion, and to keep open the communication from that place to Vera
Cruz, so that supplies, munitions of war, and me,rchandise, can be
safely conveyed along that line, with only a small force to escort
and protect them. Should robbers and guerrilleros continue to ob-
struct the road, to plunder and murder as heretofore, the most vig-
orous measures should be pursued to punish them and prevent their
depredations. It is desirable to open the country to the ingress
of merchandise, from the ports in our possession, to the utmost prac-
ticable extent. In this way it is anticipated that considerable as-
sistance will be derived towards meeting the expenses of the war.
You will perceive that the government here contemplate that the
resources of the country are, to a considerable extent, open to us,
and that they are to be resorted to for the purpose of diminishing
the burden of our expenses. It is also expected you will make
them available for this purpose as far as practicable.
The internal revenues, to the extent, at least, to which they were
levied by the Mexican government, are to be kept up and paid
over to the use of our army, so far as it is within our power to con-
trol them, with the exception of the departn-jental or transit duties,
mentioned in a former communication. For this purpose, and to
deprive the enemy of the means of organizing further resistance to
protract the war, it is expedient to subject to our arms other parts
of his country. What those parts shall be is left to your judg-
ment. Our object is to obtain acceptable terms of peace within
the earliest practicable period, and it is apprehended that' this ob-
ject cannot be speedily obtained without making the enemy feel
\ that he is to bear a considerable part of the burden of the war.
Should there not be at this time a government in Mexico of suffi-
cient stability to make peace, or should the authority which there
exists be adverse to it, and yet a large and influential portion of
the people really disposed to put an end to hostilities, it is desir-
able to know what prospect there is that the latter could, with the
countenance and protection of our arms, organize a government
which would be willing to make peace, and able to sustain the re-
lations of peace with us. It is presumed that your opportunities of
knowing the disposition of the people of Mexico will enable you to
furnish your government with correct information on this subject,
and the President desires to be furnished with your views thereon.
Major General Taylor has obtained leave of absence from his com-
mand to visit his family. He will remain in the United States for
1038 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
six months from the first instant, unless the exigencies of the public
service shall.require his earlier return to Mexico.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
.Secretary of War.
Major General W. Scott,
Commanding U. S. ^rmy in Mexico,
No. 38.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Mexico, December 13, 1847.
Sir. Information, subsequ^t to my reports of the battles of Sep-
tember 13th, has developed some facts which, in justice to the
officers concerned, I request may be incorporated in that report.
1. In the mention of " officers and corps most distinguished" at
the storming of Chapultepec, the name of Captain Howard, volti-
geurs, should immediately precede those of Captains Barnard and
Biddle, of the same corps, in these terms: "Captain Howard, of
that regiment, one of the foremost in the assault."
2. In the same operation. Lieutenant Selden, 8th infantry, is re-
ported to have been "early on the ladder and badly woundedj"
please substitute "the first on a ladder and badly wounded."
3. Under the same head, honorable mention is made of " a por-
tion of the storming party (Twiggs's division serving with Quit-
man) under Lieutenant Steele, 2d infantry;" it should read " Lieu-
tenants Westcott and Steele, 2d infantry."
I have the hoaor to remain, sir, with high respect, your obedient
WINFIELD SCOTT.
The honorable Secretary of War.
P. S. — I beg to repeat the request that the original reports made
by Major General Pillow, of his operations on the 19th and 20th of
August, and on the 12th and 13th of September, may be sent back
to me, to be read in evidence at his trial. For a like purpose, I
include in the request that Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Duncan's
report of the operations of his battery, on the 20th of August, may
be sent at the same time. The former will, I have reason to know,
at his trial avail himself of every possible technical objection in
his power. *
W. S.
Ex. Doc. No 60. 1039
No. 39.
Head-quarters of the Army,
^ Mexico, December 14, 1847.
Sir: A courier, not under my orders, who has relays of horses
hence towards Vera Cruz, takes charge of a small package of
Ititters from me.
I have received no communication from the Mexican government,
and I do not expect one before the new congress and president are
installed, which will be about the lOlh of the next month. It is
believed that both will be favorably inclined towards peace.
By a letter from Major General Butler, dated at Jalapa, the 4th
instant, I learn that he expected to be at Puebla to-day, with about
3,600 menj that Lieutenant Colonel Johnston, with a returning
train, was close behind, having some 1,300 reinforcements, in
addition to his downward escort; and that Brigadier General Mar-
shall would soon follow, with a regiment and detachment of volun-
teers. Those reinforcements, added to the force brought up five
or six days ago, by Major General Patterson, (3,400,) may make
a total of 9,000 men, or 8,000 " fit for duty."
For a first movement I need two columns, of about 5,000 men
each, to occupy the San Luis and Zacatecas mining districts; to
keep open the communication with this place, by means of detach-
ments left behind; to open one with Tampico, and to occupy the
State capitals within reach of the columns. It is desirable that the
two should march about the same time, with a view to reciprocal
support and moral effect upon the enemy. But I may feel myself
at liberty to await the arrival of any detachments that may be be-
hind Brigadier General Marshall.
The route of the first two columns will be the same, nearly up to
Queretaro, and one must pass through that city to reach Zacatecas.
This necessity embarrasses me, as I am assured by everybody that
the dispersion of the federal government, on the approach of our
troops, whether we propose to occupy the temporary capital
(Queretaro) or not, will be certain, and re-assemblage of the ele-
ments of peace, at any other point, extremely doubtful. Under the
instructions received from the department, I shall, however, make
the double movement as soon as the reinforcements known to be
on this side of Vera Cruz shall have arrived, unless, in the mean
time, I am otherwise instructed. »
Since my last acknowledgment, (in despatch No. 36,) I have re-
ceived from the department two communications, bearing date Oc-
tober 22, and one of October 26.
I have the honor to be, sir, with high respect, your obedient
servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
To the Hon. Secretary of War.
1040 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
War Department,
January 13, 1848.
Sir: Since I addressed you on the 14th of December, the fol-
lowing communications have^een received, viz: your despatches
Nos. 30, 36, 37, 38, and 39, a copy of the correspondence between
yourself and Commodore Shubrick, his letter of the 16th of No-
vember, and yours in reply, of the 2d of December; and copies of
charges and specifications against Major General Pillow, Brevet
Major General Worth, and Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Duncan.
The perusal of these communications by the President has forced
upon his mind the painful conviction that there exists a state of
things at the head-quarters of the army, which is exceedingly
detrimental to the public service, and imperiously calls upon him>
to interpose in such a way as will, he sincerely hopes, arrest and
put an end to the feuds and dissensions which there prevail.
After the fullest consideration of the subject, the President has
not been able to give his approval to the course you have adopted
towards Brevet Major General Worth; and, for reasons which I
will briefly state, he defers, for the present at least, to order a
court martial for his trial on the charge you havo presented against
him. The documents show that General Worth felt deeply ag-
grieved by your "general order. No. 349," Imputations of a
very serious character were, by that order, cast upon some of the
officers under your immediate command, and, from its peculiar
phraseology, it was understood by General Worth, or others, as
indicating him as one of the officers obnoxious to the severe cen-
sure and reproof therein contained. With this view of the import
and object of the order, his attempt by all proper means to re-
move from himself the ignominy of these imputations, cannot be
ref^arded as an exceptionable courpp: on his part. As the stroke
v^itich iiad, as he thought, deepiy 'vouniled his honor as an officer,
and his character as a man, came irom your hands, his application
for redress was properly made to you; but as he did not obtain
such redre-ss, as he believed, under the circumstances of the case,
was due to him, he exercised, or attempted to exercise, the right of
an appeal to superior authority. If he was actually aggrieved in
this matter, or believed himself to be so, he had an unquestionable
right to have the subject brought to the consideration of his and
your common superior, the President of the United States. He
prepared charges against you, (for his letter of the 16th of Novem-
ber, to the Secretary of War, can be viewed in no other character,)
and endeavored to send them through you, the only channel he could
use without violating established regulations, to this common su-
perior. For the matter contained in these charges against your-
self, you have made a charge against him, forwarded it to the
President, and asked for his trial by a court martial. If the
course of proceeding which you propose in this case is sanctioned
and carried out, you cannot but perceive that the precedent will
be most fatal to the essential rights of all subordinate officers. If
General Worth has been guilty of an offence, by preparing and at-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1041
tempting to transmit charges against you to the President, for
wrongs and injuries alleged to have been inflicted by you on him,
it seems to be a necessary consequence that, whatever may be the
character of the wrongs and injuries inflicted upon subordinate of-
ficers by their superiors, they cannot seek redress by appeal with-
out being involved in a military offence. Whatever may be the
injustice they suffer, the hope of remedy by appeal would be illu-
sory, and the right to appeal worse than valueless, if, by the mere
statement of their complaint, whether in the form of charges or
otherwise, for the action of a common superior, they would be
liable to be arrested and tried before any investigation had been
made of the truth or falsity of the matters therein set forth, and
even before the appeal had reached the authority which alone
could afford redress. S^ich a principle as this would, in its prac-
tical operations, subvert justice and withhold protection from sub-
ordinate officers. If General Worth cannot make an appeal to the
President on account of your conduct towards him without com-
mitting a military offence, and certainly he cannot if the statement
of the matter of his complaint is an offence, it is difficult to per-
ceive how any officer of inferior rank can carry an appeal to you,
or any other common superior, for injustice or injury done to him
by an officer of higher rank than himself, (though to appeal is the
exercise of an unquestionable right,) without subjecting himself to
a trial by a court martial; for every appeal which is not frivolous
upon its face, must, in one form or another, impute to the officer
complained of some military offence, and, consequently, on the
principle of your proceeding against General Worth, the appealing
officer would be subject to arrest and trial for the matter contained
in his appeal. «
As long as it is possible that a subordinate officer may suffer
wrong from a superior, justice, sound policy, and the good of the
service, require and demand that the avenue to redress should not
be obstructed; but obstructed it would be, in a most effectual man-
ner, by the course of procedure which you have adopted in the
case of General Worth.
I am not unaware of the force of the considerations which may
be urged against allowing the unrestricted right to subordinate
officers to make complaints, and prefer charges, to a common su-
perior, against those who have command over them. The right
may be abused; it may be resorted to for the indulgence of ma-
licious passions, to produce dissensions in the army, and to impair
the rightful authority of commanding oflScers; but its liability to
be perverted to mischievous purposes is not a sufficient argument
to prove that it should not be sustained, or its benefits be destroyed
by the assumption in the first place, without proof, that the right
has not been exercised in good faith and with justifiable motives,
and then, upon that assumption, to institute proceedings for a
military offence against the appealing, and, it may be, much in-
jured officer, fairly seeking the redress to which he is entitled.
But this right of appeal can rarely, or n(^ver be abused with im-
punity. The abuse of it is an offence which can and should be
66 «
1042 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
punished, but it is quite important that the raorle of punishing the
abuse should not be such as to destroy or impair the rityht. To
illustrate my views by the very case under consideration: If it
shall appear that General Worth has falsely and k»iowin^ly
charged you with " malice against him," and of " having acted
in a manner unbecoming an officer and a gentleman towards him,"
he has in that committed an offence for which he may and should
be punished; but, before investigation, it is no more to be as-
sumed that your charges against him are true than his against
you are so. Both law and natural justice require that the order
of events should be pursued in such cases. The charges which Jie
prefers against you should be first disposed of, before proceedings
can be instituted against him for malice in preferring those charges,
or for presenting such as he did not know or believe to be well
founded. Your charges against him go upon the ground that he is
a malicious prosecutor of you. It is a well established principle,
that no man can be proceeded against as a malicious prosecutor
•while the. suit, which is alleged to be malicious, is pending; that
must be disposed of before a suit for malicious prosecution can be
instituted.
In this view of the case, and it is the one which the President
has taken, the charges which General Worth has presented against
you must be disposed of before any proceedings can be had on that
which you have presented against him.
Though you have not stated that General Wt)rth is under arrest
on your charge against him, yet it is believed he is. An order
-will, therefore, be sent with this communication for his discharge
from it.
Considering the nature and multiplicity of the matters embraced
in the charges preferred against Major General Pillow and Brevet
Lieutenant Colonel Duncan, especially the former, (some of which
are hardly consistent with your official reports and commendations,)
the great difficulty, not to say impracticability, of assembling, at
this time, a general court martial of officers, not connected with the
transactions to be investigated, of such rank as the law requires for
the trial of a major general, and the serious detriment which the
public interest must unavoidably suffer by withdrawing, at'the pre-
sent crisis, for so long a time as the trial will be likely to last, from
their important commands and staff duties, so many general officers
to constitute the court, the President feels compelled, by a high
sense of duty, to prefer proceeding by a court of inquiry. Such a
court can be organized with much less danger of a sacrifice to the
public interest than a general court martial; it can much better ac-
commodate its proceedings to the exigencies of the service, and
will, it is almost certain, much abridge the labors of a court mar-
tial, if one should become necessary. Another advantage of pro-
ceeding, in the first instance, by a court of inquiry, is, that other
matters, not embraced in the charges relating to the same, and
other officers may bo properly suba.itted to its investigation at any
time during its session. *I am, therefore, directed by the President
to inform you that a court of inquiry has been ordered to sit ia
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1043
Mexico, to which will be referred for examination all the charges
preferred against General Pillow and Brevet Lieutenant Colonel
Duncan, as well as the charges or complaint of Brevet Mijor Gen-
eral Worth against yourself; and that the prosecution of General
Pillow and Lieutenant Colonel Duncan, on charges preferred
against them, before a court martial will be deferred until the
proceedings of the court of inquiry shall be received by the
President.
If these officers have been arrested, the Pres'dent, not seeing any
good reason for continuing them in that situation during the session
of the court, will direct them to be released therefrom.
A copy of the order, instituting a court of inquiry, will be here-
with transmitted to you.
The proceedings of the court of inquiry relative to the two how-
itzers, alleged to have been taken by General Pillow from Cha-
pultepec, have not been received at this department. You will
cause them to be forwarrled, if it has not been already done.
You refer, in one of the charges against General Pillow, to an
appeal made by him to you in regard to the proceedings of that
court; but no appeal, duplicate or copy, has been received by
me or at the department, either from yourself or General Pillow.
Very respectiully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Major General Winfield Scott,
Commanding U. S. army^ Mexico.
Secretary of War.
General Orders,
No. 2.
War Department,
Adjutant GeneraPs Office, Washington, January 13, 1848.
The following order, received from the Secretary of War, is pub-
(llished for the intormation and guidance of the officers concerned:
War Department, January 13, 1848.
By direction of the President of the United States, a court of
inquiry, to consist of Brevet Brigadier General N. Towson, pay-
master general, Brigadier General Caleb Cushing, and Colonel E.
G. W. Butler, 3d dragoons, members, will assemble in Mexico, to
inquire and examine into the charges and allegations preferred by
Major General Winfield Scott against Major General Gideon J.
Pillow and Brevet Lieutenant Colonel James Duncan, captain of
the 2d regiment of artillery, and the charges or matters of com-
plaint, presented by way of appeal, by Brevet Major General W.
J. Worth, colonel of the 8th regiment of infantry, against Major
General Winfield Scott; and also into any other matters connecttd
■with the same, as well as such other transactions as may be submit-
ted to the consideration of the court; and, after duly investigating
1044 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
the same, the court will report the facts in each case, together
■with its opinion thereon, for the information of the President.
The court will convene on the 18th day of February next, or as
soon thereafter as practicable, in the castle of Perote, Mexico,
where it will continue to hold its sittings, unless the exigencies of
the public service may require the place to be changed, in which
case the court is authorised to adjourn from place to place as cir-
cumstances may render necessary, in order that no embarrassment
to the service may be occasioned by its sessions.
Should any of the members, named in the order, be prevented
from attending, the court will proceed, and continue the business
before it, provided the number of members present be within the
limitations prescribed by law.
First Lieutenant Richard P. Hammond, 3d artillery, is appointed
to act as judge advocate and recorder of the court. In case the
judge advocate and recorder should be prevented from attending,
or unable to discharge the duties, the court is authorised to appoint
some other proper person, or devolve the duties of recorder upoa
the junior member.
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
By order: ,
R. JONES,
Adjutant General.
War Department,
/ Washington^ January 13, 1848.
Sir: In view of the present state of things in the army under
your immediate command, and in compliance with the assurance
contained in my reply to your letter of the 4th of June, wherein
you ask to be recalled, the President has determined to relieve you
from further duty as commanding general in Mexico. You are,
therefore, ordered by him to turn over the command of the army to
/Tajor General Butler; or, in his absence, to the officer highest in
ank with the column under you, together with all instructions you
ave received in relation to your operations and duties as general
in chief command, and all records and papers properly belonging
or appertaining to the general head-quarters.
Desirous to secure a full examination into all the matters em-
braced in the several charges which \ou have presented against
Major General Pillow and Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Duncan, as
well as the charges or grounds of complaint presented against you
by Brevet Major General Worth, and deeming your presence be-
fore the court of inquiry which has been organized to investigate
these matters indispensably necessary for this purpose, you
are directed by the President to attend the said court of inquiry,
wherever it may hold its sitting?; and when your presence before, or
attendance upon, the court shall be no longer required, and you
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1045
are notified of that fact by the court, you will report in person at
this department for further orders.
The original pjipers to which you refer, as well as all others
which it is anticipated may be wanted on the investigations, will
be forwarded to the court of inquiry.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Winfield Scott,
Commanding U. S. Army^ Mexico. .
War Department,
Washington^ January 19, 1848.
Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith duplicates of the
despatch and enclosures forwarded on the 13th instant by Colonel
Conrad F. Jackson, and an order, since issued, modifying, in some
respects, the order therewith sent for a court of inquiry.
I omitted, in that communication, to acknowledge the receipt of
a copy of a memoir on the revenue of the Mexican republic, trans-
mitted by you, and received at this department on the 6th instant.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Sccj.tt,
Commanding U. S. Jirmy, Mexico.
General Orders,
No. 3.
War Department, Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, January 17, 1848.
The following order, received from the Secretary of War, is pub-
lished for the information and guidance of the officers concerned;
War Department,
January 17, 1848.
By direction of the President, the order of the 13th instant, in-
stituting a court of inquiry, with instructions to convene in the
castle of Perote, Mexico, on the 18th of February, is changed and
modified by detailing Brevet Colonel Belknap, lieutenant colonel
of the 5th regiment of infantry, a member, in place of Colonel
Butler, 3d dragoons, relieved; and appointing Captain S. C. Ridge-
ly, of the 4th regiment of artillery, the judge advocate and recor-
der, in place of First Lieutenant Hammond, of the 3d regiment of
artillery.
1046 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
The court will assemble in the city of Puebla on the 18th day
of February next, or as soon thereafter as practicable, inste^nd of
the ca»stle Perote, with the same discretionary power to adjourn
from place to place, as authorized in the original order for its in-
stitution.
By order:
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
R. JONES,
Adjutant General.
No. 40.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Mexico^ December 17, 1847.
Sir: The troop of Louisiana horge under Captain Fairchild, that
so handsomely escorted up from Vera Cruz Mr. Doyle, the British
charge d'affaires, being about to return to its station, I avail my-
self of the opportunity to write to the department.
I invite attention to my order, No. 376, and particularly to its
seventh paragragh. Since its publication, I have seen in a slip,
cut from a Vera Cruz newspaper, (received here by a merchant,)
•what purports to be a letter, dated the 17th ultimo, from the de-
partment to me on the same subject.
I have taken great pains to obtain correct information in respect
to the production and exportation of the f)recious metals in and
from this country. The Mexican policy has been uniform against
the exportation of bars and ingots, though occasionally, from want
or cupidity, special licenses have been given in violation of that
sound policy, and in gross violation of the rights purchased by the
renters of mints. This army is also interested in the same prohi-
bition, for if we permit the exportation of bars and ingots, there
"will be but little domestic coinage, our draughts would soon be un-
der par, and the Mexicans, from the want of a sufficient circulat-
ing medium, be the less able to pay the contributions which we
propose to levy upon them through their civil authorities.
It may be further remarked, that a duty of live per centum on
the exportation of coins has been found more productive at the
custom-houses than a larger per centage, as that limited amount is
something less than the risk of smuggling.
I have already transmitted a very sensible memoir on the finances
of this republic, which I procured with some difficulty, and now
send a smaller one, limited to the exportation of the precious met-
als. I invite attention to those papers.
Having just procured the voluminous report, including all the
necessary tables, of the Mexican minister of finance for 1843,
printed the following year, I am at present engaged in the study
of the documents, to enable me to publish the details supplemental
to general orders, No. 3'^6. That order was hastened to prevent, as
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1047
far as I could, payments to the federal government at Queretaro,
for any part of the current month, and, with a view to an early dis-
tribution among commanders in distant States occupied by our
arms.
Major General Butler's and Lieutenant Colonel Johnston's col-
umns will be here to-day, to-morrow, and the next day; and in a
week I propose to despatch one column to San Luis de Potosi.
When, or whether, I shall have a sufficient independent force for
Zacatecas, is yet, to me, quite uncertain. Ttie San Luis column,
with a view to Tampico, and in part to Zacatecas, is the more im-
portant, and may be enlarged ti, perhaps, 7,000 men.
The following distances from the Mexican official itineraries
may be useful: from the capital to Queretaro, is 57 leagues, or
142 miles; thence to Zacatecas, 282 miles — the two distances ma-
king 424. From the capital to San Luis, is 113 leagues, or 382
miles, (Queretaro may be avoided,) and, in continuance by that
route, 260 miles to Tampico, or 134 to Zacatecas. Thus, from
Mexico, via San Luis, to Tampico, is 642 miles, and to Zacatecas,
516; whereas, the distance from Zacatecas to Tampico is but 398.
Zacatecas, therefore, may be advantageously reached, or its trade
opened with Tampico, via San Luis. The difficulty is, to occupy
the state capitals of Guanajuato, &c., without passing through and
including Queretaro, the temporary capital of the federal govern-
ment; and I am reluctant to disturb that government whilst it con-
tinues intent on a peace with us, without further knowledge of the
views at Washington on the subject. That information I hope
soon to receive; and, if in favor of covering the country, to hear
of the approach of reinforcements behind the column of Brigadier
General Marshall, now, I suppose, as far advanced as Jalapa.
I have the honor to remain, sir, with high respect, your most
obedient servant.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
To the Hon. Secretary of War.
No. 41.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Mexico, December 25, 1847.
Sir: As I had apprehended, (in report No. 37,) Lieut. Colonel
Johnston's train has returned without one blanket, coat, jacket, or
pair of pantaloons, the small depot at Vera Cruz having been ex-
hausted by the troops under Generals Patterson, Butler, and Mar-
shall, respectively, all fresh from home or the Brazos, and, as in
the case of other arrivals, since June, without clothing! The regi-
ments that came with me must, therefore, remain naked, or be sup-
plied with very inferior garments, ot every color and at high prices,
as we may possibly be able to find the poor materials, and cause
them to be made up here. This disappointment may delay any dis-
tant expedition for many wee.ks; for some of the new volunteers
are also calling for essential articles of clothing.
1048 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
•
Referring again to former letters on the subject, I beg leave to
add that every old regiment forwarded, more than a twelve month
ago, its usual annual requisition for clothing, which has never ar-
rived, or it has been issued as above. With excessive labor I had
brought the old regiments — volunteers as well as regulars — favored
by our long but necessary halts at Vera Cruz, Jalapa, and Puebla,
to respectable degrees of discipline, instruction, conduct, and
economy. The same intolerable work, at general head-quarters, is
to be perpetually renewed, or all the credit heretofore acquired by
this army for moral conduct, as well as gallantry and prowess in
the field, will be utterly lost by new arrivals, and there is no hope
of bringing up to the proper standard distant posts and detachments.
These cannot be governed by any written code of orders or instruc-
tions sent from a distance. I do not mean to accuse the reinforce-
ments, generally, of deficiency in valor, patriotism, or moral char-
acter. Far from it; but among all new levies, of whatever denomi-
nation, there are always a few miscreants in every hundred, enough,
without discipline, to disgrace the entire mass, and what is infi-
nitely worse — the country that employs them. My daily distresses
under this head weigh me to the earth.
I am about to seiid a detachment, the 9th infantry, under Colonel
Withers, to Pachuca, near the great mines of Real del Monte, some
fifty miles to the northeast. There is an assay office at Pachuca,
to which a large amount of silver bullion is soon to be brought, and
if we have not troops present, the federal officers of Mexico will
seize the assay duties to our loss. I shall send another detach-
ment, in a few days, to occupy Toluca, the capital of this State,
with the general object of securing the contribution claimed for
our military chest. — See general orders, No. 376, paragraph 5. I
am nearly ready to publish the details promised in the tenth para-
graph of that order. I have found them very difficult to obtain and
to methodize.
There will, I apprehend, be no difficulty in collecting at the assay
offices and mints within our reach the ordinary internal dues on
the precious metals. As to other internal due- and taxes, (not abol-
ished by my order No. 376,) I propose to find the net amount paid,
to the federal government, for example, by the State of Vera Cruz,
for 1843, and to assess that sum, in mass, upon the State, to be paid
into our military chest, a twelfth at the end of every month, by
the State government, and so of the other States which are or may
be occupied by our troops. Each State will be required to collect
the amount claimed, according to the federal assessment for the
year 1843, under certain penalties, which maybe the seizure, with-
out payment, of the supplies needed for the support of the occupa-
tion, and particularly the property of the State lunctionaries, legis-
lative and executive, with the imprisonment of their persons, &c.,
&c., &c. The fear is, those functionaries may abdicate, and leave
the States wihout governments. In such event, the like penalties
will be, so far as practicable, enforced.
The success of the system — ©n the details of w^hich I am now,
with ample materials, employed — depends on our powers of con-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1049
ciliation. With steady troops, I should not doubt the result; but
the great danger lies in the want of that quality on the part of the
new reinforcements, including the recruits of the old regiments.
The average number of disorders and crimes, always committed by
undisciplined , men, with inexperienced officers, may destroy the
best concerted plans, by exasperating the inhabitants, and render-
ing the war, on their part, national, interminable, and desperate.
It will be perceived that I do not propose to seize the ordinary
state or city revenues; as that would, in my humble judgment, be
to make war on civilization; as no community can escape absolute
anarchy without civil government, and all government must have
some revenue for its support. I shall take care, however, to see
that the means collected within any particular State or city, for
that purpose, are moderate and reasonable.
It cannot be doubted that there is a considerable party in this
country in favor of annexing it entire to the United States. How
far that desire may be reciprocated at home, I know not, and it
would be impertinent in a soldier to inquire. I am here (whilst I
remain) to execiite the military orders of my government. But, as
a soldier, I suppose it to be my duty to offer a suggestion on the
subject, founded on professional and local knowledge, that may not
occur to the minds of statesmen.
Annexation and military occupation would be, if we maintain
the annexation, one and the same thing, as to the amount of force
to be employed by us; for if, after the formal act, by treaty or
otherwise, we should withdraw our troops, it cannot be doubted
that all Mexico, or rather, the active part thereof, would again re-
lapse into a permanent state of revolution, beginning with one
against annexation. The great mass of this people have always
been passive under every form of government that has prevailed in
the country, and the turbulent minority, divided into ins and oittSj
particularly the military demagogues, are equally incapable of self-
government, and delight in nothing but getting power by revolu-
tion, and abusing that power when obtained.
I still entertain the belief that propositions, looking to a peace,
will be submitted by the incoming government here, in all the next
month; but that any concession of boundaries, satisfactory to the
United States, would, on the withdrawment of our forces, create a
revolt, or the 'overthrow of that government, with a nullification
of the treaty, I hold to be events more than probable. In the
meantime it would be highly advantageous to me, officially, to have
an early intimation of the views of our government as to the terms of
a treaty that would now to be satisfactory, only to prevent a wrong
distribution of the troops in respect to those unknown views.
I have received no unacknowledged communication from the' de-
partment. The letter of the 'l7th ultimo, published, as I have
heretofore mentioned, in a Vera Cruz newspaper, has not come to
hand, but I am daily expecting a mail up from that city.
I have the honor to remain, sir, with high respect, your obedient
servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
To the Hon. Secretary of War.
1050 Ex. Doc. Nr: 60. I
General Orders, ? Head-quarters of the Army,
No. 376. ) Mexico, December 15, 1847.
1. This army is about to spread itself over, and to occupy, the re-
public of Mexico, until the latter shall sue for peace on terms ac-
ceptable to the guvernment of the United States.
2. On the occupation of the principal point, or points, in any
State, the payment to the federal government of this republic of
all taxes or dues, of whatever name or kind, heretofore, say in the
year 1844, payable or collected by that government, is absolutely i
prohibited, as all such taxes dues will be demanded of the proper \
civil authorities for the support of the army of occupation.
3. The state and federal district of Mexico being already so oc-
cupied, as well as the States of Vera Cruz, Puebla, and Tamaulipas^
the usual taxes or dues, heretofore contibuted by the same to the
federal government, will be considered as due, and payable to this
array from the beginning of the present month, and will early be
demanded, of the civil authorities of the said States and districts,
under rules and penalties which shall be duly announced and en-
forced.
4. Other States of this republic, as the Californias, New Mexico^
Chihuahua, Coahuila, New Leon, &c., &c., already occupied by
the forces of the United States, though not under the immediate
orders of the general-in-chief, will conform to the prescriptions of
this order, except in such State or States where a different system
has been adopted with the sanction of the government at Wash-
ington.
5. The internal taxes or dues referred to, are: 1. Direct taxes;
2. Duties on the production of gold and silver; 3. Melting and
assaying dues; 4. The tobacco rent; 5. The rent of stamped paper;
6. The rent on the manufacture of playing cards; and 7. The rent
of post offices.
6. The rent of national lotteries is abolished, lotteries being
hereby prohibited.
7. Import and export duties, at the ports of the republic, wili
remain as fixed by the government of the United States, except
that the exportation of gold and silver, in bars or ingots, {plata y
ora en pasta,) is prohibitied, until the further instructions of that
government on the subject.
8. All imported articles, goods, or commodities, which have once
paid, or given sufficient security for the payment of, duties to the
United Slates, at any port of entry of the republic, shall not again
be burdened with any tax or duty in any part of this republic oc-
cupied by the forces of the United States.
9. The levying of duties on the transit of animals, goods, or
commodities, whether of foreigr^ or domestic growth, from one
State of this republic to another, or on entering or leavingthe gate
of any city within the republic, will, from and after the beginning
of the ensuing year, be prohibited, as far as the United States
forces may have the power to enforce the prohibition. Other and
equitable means, to a moderate extent, must be resorted to by the
Ex. Doc. No. GO. 105
several State and city authorities, for the necessary support of their
resjiective governments.
10. The tobacco, playing card, and stamped paper rents will be
placed, for three, six, or twelve months, under contract with the
highest bidders, respectively, tor the several States — the State and
federal district of Mexico being considered as one. Accordingly,
offers or bids for those rents within each State, or any one of them,
are invited. They will be sent in as early as possible, sealed, to
the head-quarters of commanders of departments, except for the
federal district and State of Mt-xico. For the two latter, ihe offers
or bids will be addressed to the general in- chief.
11. Further details for the execution of the foregoing system of
government and revenue will soon be given in general orders.
By command of Major General Scoti:
Ji. ' Ji. A. G.
Memoir on the exportation of the precious metals; transmitted hy
General Scott.
The government of the United States proposes that their forces
should occupy the Mexican republic, and raise in said country the
means to meet the expenses of the occupation. To obtain this ob-
ject, it appears convenient that said resources should be raised so
as to interfere as little as possible with the existing interests of
foreign as well as of native residents; for if any measure calcu-
lated to involve the ruin of part or the whole of said interests was
taken, there is little or no doubt that the results would be as inju-
rious to the interests of the United States as to those of the coun-
try, for the destiny of both interests, in case of occupation, is to
link together. It appears that this recommendation, besides being
fully justified by a sound policy, will also be the means of facili-
tating the organization of a financial system, and ultimately lead
to the increase of the revenue. These observations are particular-
ly applicable to the exportation duties on gold or silver in bars,
or gold or silver coined.
Ttie exportation of gold and silver in bars has been prohibited
in this country by all the tariffs that have existed either under the
Spanish or Mexican government; and although licenses of expor-
tation, to a small amount, have every now and then been granted,
the prohibition has been the rule, and the exportation th/i excep-
tion, until the Mexican government, having rented all their mints,
but two, to foreign companies, has taken the solemn engagement
not to give any more licenses of exportation. As it may easily be
supposed, this engagement of giving no new licenses of exportation
has been the principal basis on which the companies have relied to
make their contracts, and the principal inducement for them to ad-
vance the rent as they have done. It is not knov(7n what policy
"will be adopted by the United States respecting neutral interests
1052 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
in Mexico, in case the country should be occupiecl by their armies;
but too high an opinion is entertained of the justice of their gov-
ernment to admit, for a moment, the possibility of such interests
being sacrificed and ruined, when no direct benefit could be derived
from such a measure for the United States, and when, on the con-
trary, it might be injurious to them, as it may be explaiiied. One
of the principal objects which the American government must have
in. view to obtain resources from this country, is to facilitate the
circulation of specie; prohibiting the exportation of. ba.rs, as it has
been the case heretofore; to have them coined is undoubtedly the
best means to obtain it. A bar of silver or gold is a dead, unpro-
ductive capital, until it is converted into current specie; and all
the time it lies irv the chest of a banker or merchant, for a convoy
to export it, it occasions a loss to the public wealth. In a country
where communications are so difficult, the loss that we speak of is
of no small importance. Keeping up the prohibitory system inter-
feres with no existing interest here; on the contrary, allowing the
exportation interferes with large neutral intprests engaged in the
mints, whose coinage amounts to $15,000,000 yearly. With regard
to revenues, and admitting that the States decide upon levying an
export duty on precious metals, it will be the same whether tiiis
duty is levied on gold and silver in bars, and coined gold or silver,
or on coined specie alone, for the amount of those duties will be
the same. It would, therefore, not be a wise policy, that which,
instead of adopting a measure calculated to create sympathies by
respecting existing interests, would enforce one calculated to have
the contrary effect, when no direct benefit would be obtained by it.
The tariff given by the United States for the Mexican ports al-
lows the free exportation of gold and silver, either in bars or
coined. Although it has been done perhaps with a liberal view, it
would seem that the measure was taken to hostilize the Mexican
government, preventing thus any advance from being made to said
government on future export duties on silver or gold, and depriv-
ing him of that resource. However, who would benefit by the
free exportation of gold and silverl It is well known that nothing
finds its own level, respecting prices, as soon as the precious
metals; and, therefore, as soon as the free exportation should have
been carried into effect, there would have been in the exchange on
England, France, and the United States, a difference equivalent to
the duties taken off on the precious metals. The free exportation
would apparently have been advantageous to none but the miners;
apparently is the word; for it is evident that the higher prices ob-
tained by them at first, would have gradually come down until
they were on a level with those obtained in Europe, and ulti-
mately would have become lower than they are to-day; for it is
not to be doubted that the free exportation of bars, partially or to-
tally, occasioning the ruin of the mints, coined specie would have
disappeared from circulation, and tiiat the miners would have been,
for the sale of their produce, entirely at the mercy of the specu-
lators, whilst the exportation being prohibited, the mints are
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1053
obliged to pay them at any time a fixed price for their gold and
silver, which cannot be altered. We have not to look very far
back to give a proof what we state. From 1813 to 1816, during
the war of the independence, the marc of silver which was paid by
the mint of Mexico — the only one existing then in the country —
at the rate of $9 per marc of pure silver, was bought in nearly all
the mineral districts, especially in Zacatecas and Guanaxuata,
which produce most, at $5; and the specie became so scarce that
most miners had to stop their works on account of the impossibility
of paying the miners.
Establishing a protecting duty on the exportation of bars, so as
to make exportation of coined specie more advantageous, appears
to be a useless measure; for if there is more advantage to export
specie, it is clear enough that bars will be left in the country to be
coined. Why, then, alter the measure which has been taken to
protect the mints, and change the prohibition of exportation for
a protecting duty, when the same result is to be obtained,* and
when allowing exportation of bars, at a certain rate, will lead to
no other result than to serve as a veil to cover a considerable
fraud in the export duties'? It is, therefore, evident that it is'more
convenient to let the prohibition of exportation of silver and gold
in bars subsist, inasmuch as no direct benefit can be derived for the
United States by deviating from this system, and also as it is a
sanction given to guaranties granted to neutral interests.
If the occupation of the country is decided upon, the policy of
the United States will not be the same as that adopted at the time
Vera Cruz was taken; for they will require to raise a resource from
the country, and unless a less vexatious or unliberal system can be
found to replace the produce yielded, by the export duties on silver
and gold coined, these duties must continue to be levied.
All questions where precious metals are concerned are exces-
sively delicate, and ought to be treated with the greatest care and
with a profound knowledge of them and of the country where
such questions are discussed. For it is seen that the free exporta-
tion of gold and silver in bars from this country, which, at first
sight, appears to be a well calculated liberal measure, would have
no other result than to ruin the mints, and, in consequence, to ruin
the mining interest; which, of course, would create a very serious
disturbance in the public wealth.
The duties on silver, coined since 1843, were divided in circula-
tion duties and export duties; the first was 4 per cent, levied on the
specie going from the interior to the seaports, and the second was
6 per cent, levied on the specie exported. The circulation duty
proved to be a very impolitic measure, as it materially interfered
with the circulation of specie; and the sudden raising of export
duty from 3| to 6 per cent., encouraged contraband to such an ex-
tent that the revenues seriously suffered from it. It would, there-
fore, be advisable to suppress altogether the circulation duty, and
reduce the export duty to 5 per cent., which on $20,000,000, would
produce |1,000,000, yearly.
1054 Ex Doc. No. 60.
Correspondence hetwepn Mnjor General Scott and the Jlrchhishop of
AltxicOj respectitig the release of Mexican prisoners of war.
[Translation.j
Ecclesiastical Government of the
Archbishopric of Mexico,
MexicOj JVovember 5, 1847.
Most Excellent Sir: The respect which your excellency has
manifested to the Mexican church, (of which 1 am the unworthy
heaH,) in calling upon me, has induced me to take advantage of the
favorable disposition of your excellency to ask a favor which will
perpetuate your memory, and will make kno vn to the faithful mem-
bers of my diocess the feeling of benevolence which you entertain
towards them.
A multitude of fathers, wives, children, brothers, and other re-
lation^of tha prisoners who are now confined, under the order of
your excellency, loudly entreat their liberty; and the prisoners
themselves vehemently lament the many evils which their confine-
ment has brought down upon their families, who depend upon them
for subsistence, and who, consequently, are reduced to misery, and
in many cases to an absolute state of indigence. Were there any
important political reason why these prisoners should not be lib-
erated, I should not have been so bold as to ask it, but their num-
bers is small, and distributed, as they will b^, in different parts of
the republic, their importance must be insignificant.
I ask their liberty, not only because it is a duly of my office, but
my heart also impels me to solicit some real consolation for these,
unfortunate men whom the fates of war have reduced to so lament-
able a condition. And, as if they were sheep of the flock most
especially entrusted to my care, I considered myself called upon to
use my utmost endeavors in thtir favor, because in that character
they have a right to demand my pastoral and most tender care. For
the same reason, I wish to imitate the example of so many illustrious
prelates, who, before now, have lent their good offices (not without
success) in cases of the same nature. Neither would I hesitate to
constitute myself a prisoner in their stead, and willingly I would
be the ransom of their liberty, as my faith obliges me even to be
anathematized for the sake of my biethren. In our days, the brave
General Lamoriciere, by the mediation of the bishop of Algiers,
obtained the liberty of a considerable number of French prisoners
from the barbarous Abdel Kader, and I take the liberty to recall to
your excellency this notable trait of benevolence and magnanimity
on the part of a man wlio is ignorant of the duties of Christian
charity. General Scott, doubtless, has a heart equally noble and
generous, nor to his Christian characler, will be indifferent the me-
diation of a Catholic archbishop who entreats your excellency, in
the name ®f the church which he governs, to grant this favor. It
is difficult to believe that after so many proofs of philanthropy,
your excellency wil! not lend yourself to an act of clemency and
generosity which the church will remember as a great favor, and
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1055
the annals of history as one of those noble actions peculiar to
republican countrits.
I entreat God Ahnighty to prpserve your excellency many years,
and to incline your heart to grant to the Mexican prisoners the
precious gift of liberty,
I am, with respect, the servant of your excellency, who loves
you in Jesus Christ.
JUAN MANUAL,
f\ ./irckbishop of Cesarea.
( To the most excellent Don Winfield Scott,
^ Major General and Commander-in-chief of the army
of the United States of the north, in Mexico.
Reply.
,Head-quarters of the Army of the U. S.,
Mexico, JYovember 10, 1847.
Sir: The request of your grace, on the part of the holy church
of which you are the head, that I should release, on parole, the
prisoners of war remaining in the hands of the American array, is
entitled to the highest consideration.
I beg to state what have been, heretofore, my practice and
endeavors on the subject of prisoners in this unhappy war between
the United "^tates and Mexico.
At Vera Cruz, I very willingly stipulated that the Mexican gar-
rison should be permitted to return to their respective homes on
parole, although I had it in my power to reduce the garrisons to un-
conditional submission.
At Cerro Gordo, the Mexican pi'soners who surrendered at dis-
cretion to the army under my co nmand, were voluntarily and
promptly paroled by me.
I am sorry to say, that many of the o "cers and men released on
those occasions, encouraged by the late Mexican authorities, are
known to have violated their paroles.
Of the prisoners captured b'; the array in t' e basin of Mexico,
not an officer remains in confinement, excep one who openly
avowed his intention to resume arms against us, if left at large.
Several of the general officeis, who happened to be members of the
supreme congress, I voluntarily discharged without exchange and
without parole.
July 12, from Puebla, I addressed a communicatioa to the
Mexican minister of foreign relations, demanding the release of
certain American prisoners of war, taken trora the army of the Rio
Grande, who had been exchanged by agreement between Generals
Taylor and Santa Anna, immediately after the battle of Buena
Vista or Angostura, but who were still hel i in close confinement
contrary to that agreement; and at the same time, I proposed that
commissioners should be appointed on the part of the two armies,
to agree upon a cartel for the general treatment and exchano-e of
all prisoners of war in future. To this communication-I received an
evasive reply, when I addressed another to that minister, dated the
29th of the same month. It is singular that the only reply received
1056 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
to my second communication I found here, in the palace, enveloped
sealed and addressed to me, bearing date August.
In the armistice, agreed upon by the belligerents, in August,
there was a stipulation (article 8) for the immediate release of the
same American prisoners mentioned above. But this stipulation
was also evaded and wholly neglected by the Mexican government,
and I have since, on terms very disadvantageous to the United
States, been obliged to exchange for the officers of that party who
were confined at Toluca. The rank and file of the same party
were, at the time, confined at some place far in the direction of
Tampico. I learn, unofficially, that they have been recently per-
mitted to return home by the way of that port.
But the application of your grace comes to me under sanctions
too high to be neglected.
I therefore beg to say, that if your grace will have the goodness
to appoint some dignitary of the church to visit the Mexican
prisoners of war (rank and file, or common men,) now confined in
this capital, and explain to them the customs and usages of war in
such cases, viz: that prisoners, released on parole, are always put
to death, if taken in arms against the same belligerents before
being duly exchanged; and add the solemn admonition of the
church against the violation of their paroles, I will, immediately,
under that holy sanction, cause the said prisoners to be released on
parole, so that they may return to their respective families, friends,
and peaceful occupations.
I have the honor, &c.,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
To the most illustrious Archbishop of Mexico.
[Translation.]
Ecclesiastical Government of the
Archbishopric of Mexico,
Mexico, December 16, 1847.
^MosT Excellent Sir: The undersigned has the honor to inform
your excellency that he is willing to fulfil all the conditions, as
laid down in your considerate note of November 10th, in which
your excellency had the generosity to offer to place at liberty
the Mexican prisoners. Therefore, I have only to beg that your
excellency will be pleased to name the day and hour at which
I will go personally to administer the requisite oath, and thereby
obtain their liberty; an action which, I repeat to your excellency,
will remain eternally engravect on the records of the Mexican
church, and on the heart of the undersigned, who assures your
excellency of his respect and consideration.
May God our Lord preserve your excellency many years.
JUAN MANUEL,
Archbishop of Cesarean
To his excellency the General in-chief,
of the Army of the United States. '
Ex. Doc. No. 60. - 1057
[Reply.]
' Head-quarters of the Army,
Mexico, December 21, 1847.
Most Illustrious and Reverend Sir: In reference to the letter
of your grace, of the 16th instant, which I had the honor to receive,
and the acknowledgment of which has been unavoidably and most
reluctantly delayed, I now beg leave to say, if acceptable, that I
will, to-morrow, at meridian, cause Lieutenant Colonel Hitchcock,
inspector general of this array, with the general officer of the day,
to be present at the acordada of this city, then and there, on my
part, to carry out the humane arrangement heretofore contemplated
by the parties to this correspondence, in respect to the Mexican
prisoners of war confined in that place, excepting*the officer alluded
to in my reply to your grace, dated the 10th ultimo.
If the time appointed above be acceptable, a simple message to
that effect will be sufficient.
I have the honor, &c., &c.,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
To the Archbishop of Cesarea, Sfc, ^c, ^"c.
[Translation.]
Ecclesiastical Government of the
Archbishopric of Mexico,
Mexico, December 23, 1847.
Most Excellent Sir: The undersigned has the honor to inform
your excellency that yesterday morning he administered the oath
to the prisoners, to the number of eight hundred and odd, to whom
he addressed the exhortation, a copy of which is herewith enclosed,
and at the same time gave to each a safeguard which exempts the
bearer from being obliged to serve in the present or other cam-
paigns, unless exchanged in the manner prescribed by the laws of
war. Your excellency having fulfilled your part by giving them
their liberty, nothing now remains for me to do, except to give
your excellency the tlianks which are due, in the name of the holy
church, of the prisoners, and of him who respectfully subscribes
this communication.
May God our Lord preserve your excellency many years. ,
JUAN MANUEL,
Archbishop of Cesar ea.
To his Excellency the General-in-chief
Of the Army of the United States.
The foregoing are true copies.
T. WILLIAMS, Aid-de-camp.
67
1058 Ex. Doc. No. 60,
[Translation.]
OATH. *
Do you swear before God our Lord and on this Holy Cross, that
you will not take up arms during the present war, unless duly ex-
changed? "Yes, I swear." Should you keep your oath may God
reward you; if not, may he call you to an account.
♦
ADDRESS. .
Beloved children in Jesus Christ:
By the oath which you have just taken before me, and in which
you have taken the Lord as witness, you have solemnly promised
that you will not take up arms, during the present campaign [war]
against the North American troops; it is a binding oath which, con-
scientiously, and under pain of sinning, you are obliged to keep
until such a time, when, being duly exchanged, you will be able to
take up arms, should circumstances require it. I could prove to
you by thousands of authorities and reasons, how detestable is a
sinner, and the severe punishments, (even temporal,) by which the
Lord has made manifest how much he hates those who profane the
holy name of God; how abominable to him are those who proffer
with the mouth promises which they are determined not to keep,
and, finally, the curses and anathemas with which the Holy Scrip-
tures are filled against those who, with deceitful lips, either swear
falsely or are determined not to keep their oaths.
In the present case there is even more, for those who again take
up arms, unless duly exchanged, are liable to be put to death
should they fall into the hands of the enemy; and according to the
laws and usages of war, should that happen, such a course could
Bot be attributed to cruelty.
I, in the name of the Mexican church, requested your absolute
liberty, and even offered myself to be a prisoner in your stead, and
now that I have obtained it, although on conditions of your taking
the oath, I will give, in the name of the Holy Apostolical Roman
Catholic church, and in your name, the thanks which are due to
the general-in-chief for his consideration and deference. ■
I therefore trust that you will be faithful to your oath until the
time when, under better auspices, you will recover your rights as
freemen and Mexican citizens. Let not the fear of being obliged,
by force, to perjure yourselves, make you ^^esitate, for I 'am certain
that our supreme government will respect your position and the
promise that binds you. This I affirm to you on my v/ord, sacred
by my high office and faithful because it has never lied or deceived.
Go forth, then, with joy and content, beloved children, for you have
deserved well of your country, for you fulfilled your duty by de-
fending it until made prisoners. Go forth, and return to the peace-
ful bosom of your families and maintain them with the fruits of
Elii;:
3J.V.
Sii: 0: •:
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
1059
your labor, and teach to your children that patriotism of which,
by the fortune of war, you have been illustrious victims
Ihis is the advice and exhortation of your father, who blesses
you in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost
THE ARCHBISHOP OF CESAREA.
A true copy:
T. WILLIAMS, ^id-decamp.
Gohierno Ecchsiastico del Arzohispado.
[Translation.]
This attests that was sworn on this day, and incurred the
obligation not to take up -arms, during the present war, against the
troops of the army of the United States, without beinjr previously
exchanged; and, tor his security, I have signed it at Mexico this
^26. December, 1847.
DR. JOSI BRANLIO SAGACETA,
r. A r^ . Secretario,
ii-L Arzobispo de Cesarea.
i
Gohierno del Distrit Federal.
[Tranblation.l
This document is ratified by the undersigned, as governor of the
lederal district, Mexico, December 22, 1847.
Lie. LEANDRO ESTRADA,
MT, -r- Secretario.
ANUEL R. VeRAMENDI. *
i^
■M ^«'
War Department,
Washington^ March 11, 1848.
Sir: On receiving your despatch of the 25th of December last,
wherein you ex-press your disappointment at not finding a supply
of clothing at Vera Cruz, I referred to the quartermaster genlll
that part ol your letter relating to the subject. I herewith send
you his reply.
I have tae honor to be, with great respect, your obedient ser^
vant.
Major General Scott, ^-c, fyc, fyc.
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
1060 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Quartermaster General's OfficEj
Washington city, February 18, 1848.
Sir: In reply to the complaint of General Scott, in his despatch
of the 25th of December, that Lieutenant Colonel Johnson's train
had returned without one blanket, coat, jacket, or pair of pantaloons,
the small depot at Vera Cruz having been exhausted by the troops
under Generals Patterson, Butler, and Marshall, respectively, all
fresh from home, I have the honor to state that if the facts are as
set forth by General Scott, the responsibility lies at other doors
than mine. Understanding fully his views and wishes, I made am-
ple provision for the old corps under his command; those corps, I
believe, never exceeded in the aggregate seven thousand men; to
supply them, I placed in depot at Vera Cruz eleven thousand forage
caps; fourteen thousand wool jackets, and four thousand cotton
jackets; fifteen thousand flannel shirts, and seventeen thousand cot-
ton shirts; eighteen thousand pairs of wool overalls, and four thou-
sand pairs of cotton overalls; seventeen thousand pairs of flannel
drawers; thirty-seven thousand pairs of bootees, (I ordered fifty
thousand pairs;) twenty-seven thousand pairs of stockings; two
thousand four hundred great coats, and nine thousand two hundred
blankets. These supplies were all sent to Vera Cruz previous to
the 30th of June.
I made no provision for the volunteers, for you are well aware
I had net a single cent that I could legally apply to the purchase
of clothing for them. If the generals named by General Scott ex-
hausted the clothing placed in depot at Vera Cruz, by applying it
to the use of their respective commands, they acted in violation of
the 36th article of war, and the general should hold them account-
able.
It is known here that several thousands suits of clothing, sent to
New Orleans and Mexico for the old army, have been issued to the
new regiments and to volunteers; but General Scott is mistaken in
supposino- that the depot at Vera Cruz was entirely exhausted by
those issues; for I have official information that as late as the 6th
of December, some time after Lieutenant Colonel Johnson's train
left Vera Cruz, there still remained in the depot at that post, eight
thousand forage caps; three thousand nine hundred wool coats and
jackets; and six thousand nine hundred cotton jackets; nineteen
hundred wool, and seven thousand seven hundred cott&s overalls;
twenty-seven hundred flannel, and thirteen thousand seven hundred
cotton shirts; fifteen thousand six hundred pairs of drawers; two
thousand seven hundred great coats, and seven thousand blankets;
and eleven thousand pairs of bootees.
If the volunteers and new regiments went to Mexico without the
proper supplies, that was the fault of those who commanded them.
General Butler, I understand, was especially directed to superintend
the organization, equipment and movement of the volunteer force.
It was his business, not mine, to see that they were properly clothed
and supplied; and neither he. General Patterson, nor General
Marshall, had any right to take for their commands the supplies I
had placed at Vera Cruz for General Scott's old regiments.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1061
For the new regiments I had made timely arrangements, and
would have sent to Vera Cruz, in November, a large supply
of clothing, but I received, in October, a report from Captaia
Irwin, the acting quartermaster general of General Scott's army,
dated at the city of Mexico the 27th of September, of which the
following is an extract: "/ have now a thousand people engaged
in making clothing; the quality of the material is not so good as
our own, and the price, on the average, is fifty per cent, higher.
Still, supposing the road between this and Vera Cruz to be entirely
open, I think the government will lose little, if anything, by
purchasing here. I shall be able to fill, in a very short time, every
requisition which has been made on me, with clothing, whichj
though not exactly of our uniform, will be comfortable and
good.^^
This information, sir, was from a man who not only knew how to
supply an army, by putting into requisition all the resources of the
country around him, but was better qualified to command a large
army than most of your generals in the field. The report of Cap-
tain Irwin delayed my action here; but, in December, I ordered
from Philadelphia a supply of clothing sufficient for the whole army,
regulars and volunteers.
To enable me "to do this, I have been obliged to apply, on my own
responsibility, $368,000 of the funds of the quartermaster's depart-
ment to the purchase of clothing, and to authorise purchases to be
made on credit, which have been paid for by bills drawn on me at
ninety days, which I have accepted; hoping Congress, by making
an appropriation, will enable me to meet them by the time they
become due.
I have the honor'to be, sir, your most obedfent servant,
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War, Washington City.
No. 42.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Mexico, January 6, 1848.
Sir: Nothing of interest has occurred since my report of the 26th
ultimo; not even the arrival of a mail; but a private conveyance
brought up yesterday a letter from Brigadier General Marshall, re-
presenting that he was at Jalapa the 22d ultimo, with a column of
troops, (number not given,) one-half of whom were on the sick re-
port, with measles and diarrhoea, and that he had sent back his
train to Vera Cruz for medicines and other supplies. He gave no
day for the recommencement of his march.
The number on the sick report, in this basin, is also great. In a
total of 14,964, we have only 11,162 "for duty." The measles are
rife among the new volunteers.
Colonel Withers, with the 9th infantry, occupied Pachuca, quietly,
1062 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
more than a week ago. Brigadier General Cadwalader, with the
remainder of his brigade, will march for Lerma and Toluca (State
capital, 38 miles off, in a direction opposite to Pachuca) to-day.
The general object in occupying the three cities is to commence
levying the assessments for the last month, and, through them, to
enforce peace.
Please see copies of general orders, Nos. S'OS and 8, herewith.
The tobacco monopoly I have thought it necessary to abolish. It
would be worthless without a prohibition of the plant at the cus-
tom-houses, and I doubted whether our government, considering the
interests of seme five of our own tobacco growing States, would
prohibit the importation. Again, to protect the monopoly, including
licenses to cultivators, would require a host of excise men. Proba-
bly *a reasonable duty on importation will give larger net receipts,
for a year or two, than could be derived, in that time, from any
monopoly, however strictly enforced.
Like difficulties, in management, caused me to relinquish to the
Mexican States, respectively, the stamped paper and playing-card-
monopolies. More than a substitute will be found in the quadru-
pling of the direct assessments on the States.
From the want of sufficient numbers to send, at once, columns of
5,000 men each to Zacatecas aftd San Luis de Potosi, respectively,
I next proposed to despatch to the latter place a force of 7,000,.
which would be sufficient to open the channel of commerce between
Tampico and Zacatecas, a distance of 394 miles, and, by the oper-
ation, double, perhaps, the receipts at that sea-port, as well as the
interior dues on the precious metals. The commercial wealth of
Durango would soon fall into the same channel. But assuming
7,000 men as the minimum force for this neighborhood, including
the capital, Chapultepec, Pachuca, Lerma and Toluca, I am obliged
to wait for further reinforcements to make up the one column for San
Luis. The delay of Brigadier General Marshall, who had been
expected daily for nearly a week, is, th-erefore, quite a vexatious
disappointment. Possibly before his arrival, (should the measles
here have earlier subsided,) I may risk a column of 5,000 men,
leaving, for a time, two intermediate posts vacant, and instruQt the
commander (Major General Butler) to take into his sphere of oper-
ations a part of the forces belonging to the base of the
Rio Grande. A detachment moving upon Tula, and, perhaps, leav-
ing Victoria to the left, might co-operate very advantageously with
the forces at the new centre, San Luis, and without endangering the
line of Monterey, in which direction, it is supposed, the Mexicans
cannot have any formidable number of organized troops. To con-
cert the double movement, by correspondence, would be the prin-
cipal difficulty; but ample discretion would be allowed in my gen-
eral instructions.
Many of the States of this republic, on account of their remote-
ness from the common centre, sparseness of population, and inabili-
ty to pay more than a trifle in the way of contributions, are not
worth being occupied. Their influence on the question of peace
or war is, proportionally, inconsiderable. As reinforcements-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1063
arrive, I shall therefore endeavor to occupy only the more popu-
lous and wealthy States.
Most of the mints (all but two, I learn) have been farmed by fox-
eigners for terms of years, (unexpired,) on the payment of large
sums in advance. The principal mint (here) is, in the hands of the
British consul general, who paid down about $200,000, in February
last, for the teriQ»of ten years, and contracted to pay, carrently, ©ne
per centum on the amount of coinage. I suppose myself bound to
respect such contracts until otherwise instructed. Other mints
pay, I am informed, one and a half jae?- centum on the money turned
out. Hence a direction in general orders. No, 395, to examine the
contracts between the Mexican government and the several mints.
Those not under contract will be assessed as heretofore.
By two conveyances I am expecting mails up, from Vera Cruz,
in two and four days. I am anxious to receive the views of the
department on several points of importance to me in this command.
The new federal executive and congress are, as yet, not installed.
Both, it is believed, will be strongly inclined to a peace.
I have the honor to remain, sir, with high ^respect, your most
obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT,
To the honorable Secretary of War.
[Supplemejital to general orders, No. 376.] .'
General Orders, ) Head-quarters of the Army,
No. 395. ' \ Mexico, December 31, 1847.
1. To support, in pait, the miltary occupation of the republic of
Mexico by the army of the United States, the several States of this
republic already occupied, and others as they shall become occu-
pied, are or will be assessed, by the year, in dollars, as follows:
Chihuahua $49,188
Coahuila •. 5,557
Chiapas 21,692
Durango 85 ,556
Guanajuato 255 ,576
Jalisco 236,338
Mexico, State and Federal district 668,332
Michoacan 287,712
Kuevo Leon ; 50,437
daxaca ! 84 , 160
Puebla \ 424,276
Queretaro 85,944
San Luis 111,260
Sinaloa 33,524
Sonora..... 5,000
Tabasco 59,060
Tamaulipas ^ 71,332
Vera Cruz ^ 271,548
Zacatecas and Aguascalientes, reunited 240,076
1084 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
2. This assessment is the quadruple of the direct taxes paid by
the several States to their federal government, in the year 1843 or
1844. But, on the other hand, all transit duties, {alcabalas y dere-
chot de ititernacion) heretofore payable at the gates of cities, and
on passing the lines between States, have been abolished, together
with national lotteries. The tobacco monopoly will also be abolished
from and after the present year. The cultivation and the sale of
that plant shall, thereafter, be free; save any duty that the United
States may have imposed, or shall hereafter impose, on the impor-
tation of tobacco through custom-houses at Mexican ports occu-
pied by this army. And the receipts of the post offices together
with the playing card and stamped paper monopolies, are relin-
quished to the State governments respectively.
3. The governors and the members of legislatures in the different
States, and all collecting officers, now in commission, and hereto-
fore charged with the collection of the federal dues of any kind,
will be individually held responsible in their persons and property
for the collection and full payment of this assessment; one-twelfth
monthly, at the usual State capitals respectively, or other place or
places, within the same, as may be appointed by the United States
commander within each State.
4. The assessment on each State that may hereafter b§ occupied
as above, shall be considered as due from the first day of the
month within which the occupation may take p^ace, in order to
avoid all calculations founded on days less than a month. Hence
no credit will be allowed a State for any payment previously made
to the federal government, or its officers, for any part of a month
within which the State shalf have been occupied by the American
forces. In the States already so occupied, the assessments will be
considered as having commenced with the present month, and be
demanded accordingly.
5. In payment of the money assessment, any State may substi-
tute, in whole or in part, at a fair valuation, with the consent of
the United States commanding offiQer therein, such articles of sub-
sistence and forage as may be found convenient to the two parties.
6. On the failure of any State to pay its assessments, its func-
tionaries, as above, will be seized and imprisoned, and their pro-
perty seized, registered, reported, and converted to the use of
occupation, in strict accordance to the general regulations of this
army. No resignation or abdication of office by any of the said
Mexican functionaries shall excuse one of them from any of the
above obligations or penalties.
7. If the foregoing measures should fail to enforce the regular
payment, as above, from any State, the commanding officer of the
United States forces within the same will immediately proceed to
collect, in money or in kind, from the wealthier inhabitants other
than neutral friends, within his reach, the amount of the assessment
due'from the State; taking care, always, to make the collection as
equitable and savingly as' practicable, and to report the amount
forcibly levied to the next superid^i- officer of this army. Any
waste or wanton injury committed in these operations, as well as
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1065
all fraud and corruption, shall be rigorously prosecuted before a
tribunal of the army.
8. With a view to a rigorous accountability, receipts in payment
of assessments, whether in money or in kind, (the latter expressed
in money, according to valuation,) will be signed by some quarter-
master, commissary, or paymaster of this army, named by the com-
manding officer within a State, and be duly attested by the latter,
who will also keep a register of all such payments. The amount
of those payments and of forced levies will be reported monthly
to general head-quarters, as well as to Washington, (see general
orders. No. 366, of the 6th instant,) both by the receivers and the
attesting commander or commanding officers within the several
States.
9. The usual dates, heretofore levied on the precious metals in
the interior, by the federal government of Mexico, will be contin-
ued and collected for the military chest of the army. Commanding
officers near the mines, assay offices and mints, respectively, will
inquire, and report to general head-quarters on the subject; but
until further orders the following rates will be exacted:
10. On production of both gold and silver, three per centuin; on
melting^ two dollars and fifty cents for every one hundred and
thirty-tive marks, the mark rf eight ounces; on assayings one dol-
lar the bar, for bars of silver, or one dollar and fifty cents each for
bars of gold, or of gold and silver mixed, atid on coinage the per
ce7itage on both metals heretofore paid by the mints, respectively,
according to contract with the Mexican government. Those con-
tracts, in every case, will be particularly examined. The one rea^
per mark, on both gold and silver, heretofore paid to the College of
Mines, in this city, is relinquished to that scientific institution, and
may be collected- as usual.
11. It is understood that the collection of the dues on produc-
tion, melting, and assaying, may be made at the assay offices, and
they will be demanded and received accordingly. The per cehtage,
on coinage, will be collected for this army at tlie mints. At both
places, officers, of intelligence and accurate habits, of inspection
will be appointed, from time to time, to give, the necessary atten-
dance.
12. The like penalties, receipts, attestations, registeries and re-
port:? are prescribeil in respect to dues on the precious metals, as are
prescribed, above, for other contributions, in money or in kind; and
the former will commence also at the same periods, and under like
circumstances; that is, in the Mexican States already occupied by
the American forces from the first instant, and in the other States
from the beginning of the months within which the States shall,
respectively, be entered and occupied?
13. The American troops, in spreading themselves over this re-
public, will take care to observe the strictest discipline and morals
in respect to the persons and property of the country; purchasing
and paying for all necessaries and comforts they may require, and
treating the unoffending inhabitants with forbearance and kindness.
The higher honor of our country, as well as the particular honor of
1066 Ex. Doc No. 60.
this army, must and shall be maintained against the few miscreants
in our ranks. The few cannot be permitted to dishonor the whole
mass of our citizens and soldiers at home and abroad. The mis-
creants must therefore be watched, and for every offence denounced,
and sent before the proper tribunals for exemplary punishment. This
is required of every good officer and soldier. Men free at home,
must maintain the honor of freeman when abroad. If they forget
that^ they will degrade themselves to the level of felons and slaves,
and may be rightfully condemed and treated as such; for felons,
according to the laws of God and man, are slaves.
14. The laws of war will also be strictly observed towards all
Mexicans in arras, who respect those laws. For the treatment of
those atrocious bands of guerrilhros and armed rancheros^ see
general orders. No. 372, dated the 12th instant.
By command of Major General Scott.
H. L. SCOTT,
Ji. Ji. Ji. G.
General Orders, } Head-quarters or the Army,
No. 8. ^ Mexico, January 9, 1848.
1. To prevent fraud in the payment of the dues on the precious
metals, as assessed in general orders. No. 395, paragraph 10, of the
31st ultimo, it is further directed:
2. Bars of silver or gold, produced in the mineral districts, to
which the assay office of the capital is nearest, will be sent to that
office, with a permit, setting forth the number, kind, and approxi-
mate value of the bars, signed by the commanding officer of the
United States forces nearest to the place of produfction; which per-
mit will be returned to the agent of the mine, with an attestation,
that the dues on production, melting, and assaying, have been duly
paid to the assaye^ on account of this array.
3. The bars, having been assayed, will be sent from the assay
office to the nearest mint for coinage, and the payment of the dues
on that operation; as also to enforce existing orders against the
exportation of the precious metals, except in coins.
4. A book will be kept in every assay office, in which will he
duly entered the number, weight, and standard of the bars. Each
entry will be signed by the assayer and the superintendent of the
mint.
5. The dues on production, melting, and assaying, will be col-
lected at the assay office, and immediately paid over to the Ameri-
can officer who may be appointed to receive them, who will allow
the assayer to deduct therefrom any portion of his usual salary that
rnay be due at the time of the assay; the salary to be cor^idered
as having commenced with the assessment on account of this army,
and without regard to arrearages of a prior date.
6. Any attempt to evade the payment of dues on the precious
metals, or to evade the orders relative thereto, shall be punished by
seizure and confiscation of the metal, whether in bars or coins; and
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1067
■
owners and agents, when about to send bars to an assay office, shall
give notice to the American governor, or commander of the place,
so that the latter may send the prgper officer to receive the dues on
the spot.
7. Escorts of American troops, when needed and practicable,
will be granted to the precious metals in passing from the mines to
the assay offices, and from the latter to the mints.
8. Notwithstanding the precise orders on the subject, there is
reason to apprehend that the smuggling of the precious metals in
bars and in coins, out of this country, may be attempted. On re-
ceiving satisfactory evidence of success in such attempts, it is here-
by decreed that the owners and shippers shall be compelled to pay
into the military chest of the occupation, the full value of the said
metals shipped against orders.
By command of Major General Scott:
H. L. SCOTT,
A. Ji. A. General.
No. 43.
^ Head-quarters of the Army,
Mexico^ January 13, 1848.
Sir: I have not had a line from any public office at Washington
of a date later than October 26* The spy company has returned
from Vera Cruz; but it seems that despatches for me had been in-
trusted to a special messenger, (I suppose from Washington,) who,
after a delay of many days at Perote, came up with the company
to Puebla, where he again stopped and retained all my letters.
Brigadier General Cadwalader has quietly occupied Toluca and
Lerma. As was known, th« State government had retired (thir-
teen leagues) to Sultepec. The general has invited that govern-
ment to provide for the payment of the assessment upon the Statej
but there has not been yet time to receive a reply.
Some days since, Colonel Wynkoop, of the 1st Pennsylvania
volunteers, tendered his services to go, with a few men, to seize
the guerrilla priest, Jarauta, at the head of a small band that has
long been the terror of all peaceable Mexicans within his reach,
and who has frequently had skirmishes with our detachments. The
colonel having missed that object, heard that General Valencia
and staff were at a distant hacienda, and by hard riding in the night,
succeeded in capturing that general and a colonel of his staff. I
consider this handsome service worthy of being recorded.
Colonel Hays, .with a detachment of Texan rangers, returned last
night from a distant expedition in search of the robber priest. In
a skirmish, without loss on his part, he killed some eight of Jarau-
ta's m"en, and thinks that the priest was carried off among the many
wounded.
The spy company, coming up from Vera Cruz, had also a very
1068 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
successful affair with a large party of the enemy, and captured some
forty prisoners, including three generals.
The second train, now out from Vera Cruz eleven days, was, as
I learn by the enclosed correspondence, attacked by a numerous
body of the enemy, and suffered a loss that looks like a disaster —
the first that we have sustained- but further details are needed.
I have the honor to remain, sir, with high respect, your most
obedient servant,
' WINFIELD SCOTT.
Hon. Secretary of War.":
[Enclosed in the preceding despatch. No. 43, of General Scott.]
Jalapa, Mexico, January 3, 1848.
^ Sir: I have the honor to forward, herewith, a monthly return for
December, of the troops under my command, and am gratified in
being able to state that the epidemics (mumps and measles) have so
far abated as to justify my moving in a few days. The number of
convalescents here, awaiting an opportunity to join their regiments,
require additional transportation, which I hope to procure in a few
days.
Sickness rendering it necessary to halt here, I despatched a traifl
to Vera Cruz for supplies and clothing; this post being destitute of
every necessary, even medicines; the train returned without the
clothing, leaving the troops in a miserable condition. Still, I have
insisted upon drills, and the reports of the several commanders in-
duce the belief of rapid improvement, my own lameness preventing
personal attendance. I design moving up in a few days.
I am, sir, &c.,
THOMAS MARSHALL,
Brig. Gen. U. S. A.
To H. L. Scott, Ji.Ji. A. G.
The foregoing are true copies.
T. WILLIAMS, Aid- de- Camp.
Jalapa, Mexico,
' January 6, 1848.
Sir: Accompanying this is a copy of a communication from the
commanding officer of the upward train, received this morning. I
immediately despatched 250 cavalry, one section of light artillery,
and a portion of Colonel Hughes's command, with orders to co-
operate with Colonel Miles at Cerro Gordo.
For some time, rumors have been in circulation that Mexican
forces are being recruited in the vicinity of Orizaba and adjacent
towns, and to-day it is currently reported, by Mexicans in our ser-
Ex. Doc. No. GO. 1069
vice, that'about two thousand are organized, ready for the field,
having received three months' pay in advance. It is certain that
those now harrassing the train rendezvous at Orizaba, Cordova,
a large town. The relative position of Vera Cruz and these towns,
renders it very easy for any force they may hold in readiness to
descend upon our upward trains, attack them and return to their
rendezvous, without the possibility of its being known to our
force at this post. From positive information, I can say this will
be the case until they are driven from their several towns, which
may be done with comparatively small force.
I am, sir, &c.,
THOMAS MARSHALL,
Brig. Gen. U. S. A.
To H. L. ScoTT,
A. A. A. G., Head-quarters.
Head-quarters of Brigade,
Passo OvejaS) January 5, 1848.
General: I have the honor to report that lam thus far on my way
to Mexico city with the largest train that ever left Vera Cruz, with
a force of the 1st infantry, some recruits, and three companies of
mounted men, total 1,300 in all. My rear was attacked on yester-
day, near Santa Fe, one company of mounted riflemen cut up, and
near 280 pack mules taken. The enemy, I learn, are mustering in
force at Plan del Rio, to attack me in a general fight near Cerro
Gordo. I request you may send 4 to 500 men with a section of
artillery, to meet me, as I have none.
* * * * _ # * *
Your troops, by leaving on the 6th, can so manage their march
as to co-operate with me, and take the enemy in front and rear.
I am, general, with respect, your obedient servant,
D. H. MILES,
Lieut. Col. commanding.
To General Marshall.
I certify that this is a correct copy.
J. W. HENRY,
Aid-de-camp^ A. A. A. G.
1070
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
'^
<S 00
ho*'*
« Si,
'X2
S5^
bo
•saotyo jso^
diuBjs JO ^iodouoj\[
•oooBqo;
9i[; JO jfiodouoj\[
•8^81 'LI
'^puB'9 'q i,d^
•saiip juuj
-ipra put! ABSSB
— paonpojd pjoS
Tij JOA[is uo sopn(j
CQ
^M r^ rj> Oi Oi <>< "-I '-I —I fO
oooooooooo
CO lO 00 O; '-I Ci -T" t^ 05 ^
cq_o)^co_oo^o_.n^oo__ 'rt_^cq^o^
lo" oT '*"'*" ^"^ cT i-i" co" -viT c^T
(N M O
in c» -^
•* <>» fM
oooooooooooooo
OOOiOOt^-^T-HfOCOCCOf^OOl
ai033'-iOio^tcc<c3-^coiooo
r)<r-ia5ComiO"=*oo«3cococm'-i
t^ QO
in in
• o o o o o
• ^ 00 t^ lO CO
• to rt t-- en I-
' cq_in_^o_in^^
! oj'co" o~co'"(n'"
, PO OO O* t^ '-'
. rt r-i .-I in rl
o o o o o
00 05 t- Tf c^
in 00 oo CO o
f oi in 03 "— I
oO'-i'^'^iO'-'"* "^mococr. ■^lO
cDO'^incocoinf^mco-^i^co'd'co
«5^-'*coCT5'*^-coooa5oa5co^n'-<
C» 05 rt (N GO Ci Ol QO fM C.' 'S' "-O OC --< CO
05 <>* -^ '*,^°'v>'-'^'-i.<'l.'*^'^^'-l,'^'^^
•rtrcvTr-rin"'-' CO oi ^- --I c^i-Tco --I t^ 00
iii-i <><t£>in«0{>MC<o<M(N
CO 00 »-- •^
00 O (N '-1
CO t~- ^ <X)
CO <X! in
00 in r-i
en CO o
cj 'I' in i^
in CO t^ (M
<C! CO 00 •*
i> 00 00 CO
(M in Ti* ^
O C<( 'N CO
1-5 w 00 in
cr: '^
in CO f^
CO a-- o
XI o o
S c oj ce
§5.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1071
Circular.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Mexico^ January 6, 1848.
To the United States commander of the military department of :
Sir: Referring to general orders, Nos. 376 and 395, late series,
and to No. 8, of the current year, you are instructed to commence
collecting or levying the assessments imposed upon the State
of , on account of the last month, without unnecessary
delay.
To effect the object, through the proper Mexican authorities, you
will invite payments by them, and do all in your power in the way
of conciliation. After a reasonable time, should you fail to conci-
liate voluntary payments, you will proceed to forced levies. As
your command is not co-extensive with the State, correspond di-
rectly with the other commanders within the same, with a view to
a concert in measures and time, before proceeding to forced levies,
and report to me all important incidents and results.
The execution of the orders referred to will be both delicate and
difficult. With great confidence in your zeal and discretion,
I remain, sir, respectfully, yours,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
[Addressed to the commanders of military departments of Puebla,
Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Tampico and Perotej duplicate.]
Respectfully transmitted by direction qji. the general-in-chief.
H. L. SCOTT,
A. A. A. General.
January 14, 1848.
Tacubaya, Mexico, January 2, 1847.
Major: Yesterday the report of the major general, commandino-
first division of the army, on entering Mexico, made its appear-
ance. On reading it, I was much mortified to find that seve7i out
of ten company officers of my regiment, at that time on duty, were
mentioned for gallantry and good conduct, and that I, senior, was
not named. The army and the world would naturally conclude
from that report that I had been far from conspicuous. It is not
my wish to produce the impression that my conduct was better on
that occasion than that of any other officer, but it is my wish to
show, as far as practicable, that it was surpassed by none.
I am of opinion that the commanding general of division, in ma-
king up his report, was governed, in a very great degree, by the
reports of Brevet Colonel Garland and yourself, and that he will
be pleased to give me some credit when he shall be better informed.
Two days since, you mentioned to me that you did not know that
I had taken the small breast-work immediately in front of San
1072 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Cosme garita, but supposed that Captain Brooks, 2d artillery,
and Lieutenant Grant, 4th infantry, were with or in advance of
me. The following are the facts in the case: Our column ad-
vanced under a very heavy fire (as you know) to within some sixty
yards of the angle of the San Cosme roadj by this time our num-
ber had become so small, it was deemed prudent, apparently, to
stop, and if possible get reinforcements. It was the good fortune
of Captain B., Lieutenant G. and myself to be in advance. After
firing some fifteen minutes, the two officers above named proceeded
by our left, (round the English cemetery,) with a few men, and
charged the enemy on their right; I, at the same time made a rush
upon the front, and we cleared the work. We had moved but a
short distance before some of them ran; a small number, how-
ever, kept their places until we came within twenty yards. The
moment was a very exciting one, and I do not know whether the
two officers by the right or myself were first to reach the centre of
the work, but do not contend for it, feeling, as I do, that they not
only deserve all the credit given them, but much more, as do also
all persons named in the general's report. The command proceeded
rapidly after the enemy, up the road. I was somewhat retarded in
keeping back our color-bearer, (who had already been severely
wounded, but begged permission to retain them, and did so until
some fifty yards in front of the next work, when he fell, shot
through the brain,) for fear they might be taken from our„little
party. I soon found myself in advance, and kept it, being the
first person to arrive at the small breast-work, half way across the
road,, immediately in front of San Cosme; before reaching it, we
were under very severe fire of shot, grape, &c. JYo officer of the
army but myself reached the work at this time, and no officer, ex-
cept myself, claims to ha*^e done so. Lieutenant Serames, of the
marines, and some fifteen men, most of them of my own company,
kept near me and reached the work. Captain B., Lieutenant G.,
Lieutenant Judah and, I think. Lieutenant Sedgwick obtained a po-
sition only a short distance in my rear, covered by a projection of
some houses on our "left. I held the work some fifteen minutes,
and during the time heard the order from the rear to fall back,
but determined to hold the place, and so informed my party; but,
seeing the party near me had retired, and some of my own men
gone, I reluctantly gave it up, seeing the danger my small force
was in, and knowing we could do no good. In running back. Ser-
geant Donovan was shot by my side, by the fire from the gate. Af-
ter the regiment was re-formed, and we took the same point a
second time, by moving to the rear and round the right of the
church, Lieutenant Grant and myself were the two first persons to
gain it; one of our men shot a Mexican soldier at the work after
our taking it. At this place, you will remember. Colonel Garland
arrived (while we were waiting for mining tools) and kept us for
some time.
I respectfully submit the foregoing, with the request that you
will be pleased to notice it as you may deem it worthy, and for-
ward it to the commander of the late first division. In conclusion,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1073
I beg leave to state that I do not wish to claim anything for whicli
any officer may have received qredit, as they all deserve even more
than has been awarded them; but I wish to place the facts of my
own case fully before yourself and t|ie. division commander; and
feel that both you and himself will be pleased to give me some
credit, after knowing the facts. The position I had attained at 1,
p. ra., on the 13th, was in advance of th^' army. It was creditable
to my regiment, and to myself.
I have the honor to be, sir, your most obedient servant,
JNO. H. GORE,
First Lieut. 4:th Infantry.
To Major F. Lee,
4ith Infantry J commanding tke regiment.
[Endorsement.]
It gives me much satisfaction to be able to fully concur with.
Lieutenant Gore in the whole of the within remarks;, the substance
of the most of them being embraced in my official report of the
action of the 4th infantry at the capture of the city; and further-
more, I am most happy to give testimony to the gallantry of Lieu-
tenant Gore, not only on this occasion, but in the two other battles
in this valley, in which he was engaged, Churubusco and Molino del
Rey, where he did conspicuous and good service; and was noticed
in my official reports of hoth^ with credit and distinction.
FRANCIS LEE.
Major 4:th hfantry^ commanding regiment.
Mexico, January 5, 1847. [1848. J
I am fully aware of the zealous soldiership and gallantry of
Lieutenant Gore, and shall greatly regret if the injustice of omis-
sion has been done him. The regimental reports are not before
me, nor within my reach, nor am I in correspondence with any au-
thority in this array or the government. This being the" case, I am
not at liberty to take any further action than to make this en-
dorsement, with which the paper is returned to the regimental
commander.
W. J. WORTH.
Major Lee,
Commanding ^th Infantry.
January 14, 1S48.
Respectfully ^transmitted by the direction of the general-in-
•chief.
H. L. SCOTT, A. A. A. Gen.
City of Mexico, October 5, 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to make, for your information, a state-
ment which justice t? my company and to myself demands.
68
1074 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
On the 8th ultimo, I was in command of H company, of the
5tli infantry, which was one of the four companies of the light in-
fantry battalion commanded on that day by Captain E. K. Smith,
5th infantry. At the time of the commencement of the action of
Molin'o del R'ey, the battalion was in reserve near the battery com-
manded by Captain Huger. Soon after the fire from the enemy's
lines opened, it was ordered to advance to support the assaulting
party, a portion of which party had entered the Mexican battery,
but were driven out again by superior numbers of the enemy. The
assaulting party was immediately thrown into confusion. It was
just at this critical moment that the light battalion was ordered to
charge, which it did, and entered the gateway between two of the-
buildings on the left of the enemy's lines, known as the mills. I
Lad the honor to be the first to pass this gateway. Sergeant Flynn,
of H company, 5th infantry, was the first man to report to me.
My company followed him, mixed with the other companies of the
battalion. Immediately after passing the gateway, I went to the
housetop, on which I found the enemy in position in a trench, or
mill-race, which runs around two sides of the house, to the left of
the gate as you enter. My men followed rae to the housetop, where
we contended for a short time with the enemy, and effectually si-
lenced his fire. Eut two escaped, to ray knowledge, and they were
both severely wounded. Captain Reeve, 8th infantry, placed a
portion of his men on a shed, where they kept up a most destruct-
ive fire on the Mexicans on the housetops. They fought despe-
rately, as we had cut off their only means of retreat. I even found
it necessary for me to use a musket for my personal defence.^
I had forgot to mention that, a short time after I went to the
housetop. Captain E. K. Smith came up. The enemy kept up a con-
tinual fire on us from his battery, which was about one hundred
yards from the gateway, and to the left as you enter. I came down
from the housetop — the idea struck me that we could charge the
battery and take it. I resolved at once to put it in execution.
Fortune favored me with a good opportunity; for, just at this time,
a regiment of our troops appeared on the plain, some distance in
front, and to the left of the battery. The Mexicans saw them,
and I discovered that they showed signs of uneasiness, and a dis-
position to leave the battery. This was the moment to charge. I
gave the command, and with a cheer we went at the battery, and
into it. Again, sir, I had the gratification of being the first to
enter the battery. A destructive fire, poured upon us from the
housetops to the left, and extending to the rear of the battery,
stopped a large portion of the men who started with rae in the
charge. They halted to return the fire, and drove the enemy's
troops from the side of the house next to them, so that I entered
the battery with but few men. Sergeant t'lynn, of H company,
6th infantry, and Private Murray, of same company, being the
only men in the battery with me. Lieutenant Simpson came
as far as to the wall which surrounds the guns, and seeing that we-
•were too weak to hold the battery, returned to bring up more men. *
With the assistance of the two men above mentioned, I attempted
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1075
to bring the gun I had taken to bear upon the enemy, who were
now coming back into the fort, but did not succeed. I sent the
sergeant for more men; Private Murray was struck, and I directed
him to retire. I remained in the fort, standing by the gun, with
one foot on the trail; the Mexicans continued to advance towards
me, firing at me all the time. I determined to hold the gun until
my men came up, or die in its defence. I was struck in the thigh
by a musket ball, but was still able to remain at my post. I was
becoming faint from the loss of blood, when I savsr Captain E. K.
Smith and Lieutenant Simpson coming into the fort with some men.
1 then retired, and fell just after I had gotten over the wall. The
gun, of which I have spoken above, remained in our possession; it
was never retaken by the enemy. I do not claim the second gun,
because, when I went up to it, I was driven back by the Mexicans,
who still remained in the fort. To others have been given the
credit of being the first to pierce the enemy's lines, the first to cap-
ture his guns, and to enter and hold the fort. The 4th infantry,
and some of the artillery of the 1st brigade, followed us through
the gateway above mentioned.
I have the honor to refer the general to the following officers:'
Captain Reeve, Lieutenant Peck, Lieutenant Simpson, Lieutenant
S. Anderson, Lieutenant Pitcher, Lieutenant Porter, Lieutenant
Nichols, aid to Colonel Garland, Captain Walker, 6th infantry,
storming party, Captain Mason, and Lieutenant Foster, corps of
engineers.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient ser-
vant,
F. T. DENT,
2d Lieutenant J 5th Infantry.
To Brevet Maj. Gen. Worth,
, Commanding 1st Division.
City of Mexico, J^ovemher 24:, 1847.
In the battle of El Molino del Rey I commanded the pioneers
of the storming party. In the charge on the enemy's battery I
was wounded in. the ditch, near the battery. While lying there, I
saw the storming party repulsed, and the battery afterwards taken
by a detachment of the light battalion, and held until supporting
troops came up.
Yours,
Lieutenant F. T. Dent.
JOHN G. FOSTER,
Brevet 2d Lieutenant Engineers.
Tacubaya, Mexico, January Ij 1848.
Sir: I have the honor to enclose, herewith, two p^^pers relating
to Molino del Rey, copies of which were sent to General WortU
1076 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
some time before his report was made to the g.eneral-in- chief.
General Vv". has not done me justice in his report. May I request
a perusal of the enclosed by the general, and if consistent with
his pleasure, that they may be sent, through the Secretary of Waf,
to the President of the United States'?
Respectfully submitted.
F. T. DENT,
2d Lieutenant J 5th Infantry.
Captain H. L. Scott,
Ji. A. A. General.
Respectfully forwarded, by direction of the general-in-chief, for
file with other papers relative to the operations of the army be-
fore the city of Mexico, and for the information of the Secretary
of War.
H. L. SCOTT, A. A. A. G.
Head-quarters, 6th Infantry,
City of Mexico^ December 18, 1847.
Sir: I desire, very respectfully, to lay before the general-in-
chief the following facts in relation to the battle of Churubusco,
which do not seem to have come to'his notice.
The first gun that was fired at Churubusco was fired upon the 6th
infantry, as it advanced upon the causeway against the tete du pont,
and at this time the regiment sustained the fire of both this work
and the convent, which were not otherwise engaged. With the
small force that we had, unsupported, it was impossible that the
attack CQuld be successful, and after remaining under the enemy's
fire for some time, a part of the command being close to his work,
we were ordered to fall back. I believe we los^ more officers and
men in this attack than during theis remainder of the battle.
Having re-formed upon the causeway, at a point where it was still
exposed to a fire of grape and canister, the regiment was ordered,
by the commanding general of the division, to assault the tete du
pont again. This order was promptly obeyed, but the fire upon us
was terrible, both direct and from the convent on the left, and forced'
us from the causeway, not to fall back, however, but to attack the
enemy's infantry entrenched on the left of the work.
Whatever attack was made on this part of his line was made by
the 6th infantry, as the principal force joined by parts of other regi-
ments; and it is not the less creditable that the force was small,
and that the comparative multitudes of the enemy ran at our ap-
proach. It was at this time that the 8th and 5th advanced against
the tete du pont, and the officers who led that attack candidly ac-
knowledged that, to our advance, which drew the attention and the
fire of the enemy, their success was, in a great degree, attributable.
After crossing the stream we continued to pursue the retreating
enemy till a tlfjep and impassable ditch compelled us to return to
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1077
the causeway, where we found ourselves in advance of all other
troops.
I have given only the conspicuous points of the battle as far as
we were engaged, which 1 do' without fear of contradiction, and
have spoken of the active part of the regiment, as the regiment.
It is a source of much mortification to us that, after having been
•in the front during the whole battle, the general-in-chief should
only notice us in his report by saying, the ^\\\ folloioed the 8th and
5 th. ■ . "
I have the honor to be your most obedient servant,
W. HOFFMAN,
Captain 6tk infantry^ commanding.
Captain H. L. Scott,
Ji. A. A. General. *
[Forwarded bj' Major General Scott, January, 134S.]
City of Mexico,
December 29, 1847.
Sir: In ihe official report of the capture of the city of MexicOy
*' dated September IS, 1847," republished in the " Star " newspa-
per, and which I had the opportunity of seeing yesterday for the
first time, the following paragraph occurs:
" Within those disgarnished works I found our troops engaged in
a street fight against the enemy posted in gardens, at windows, and
on house-tops, all flat, with parapets. ¥/orth ordered forward the
mounted howitzers of Cadwalader's brigade, preceded by skirmish-
ers and pioneers, and pick-axes and crow-bars, to force windows
and doors, or to burrow through walls. The assailants were soon
in an equality of position fatal to the enemy. By 8 o^clock in the
evening^ Worth had carried two batteries in the suburb. According
to my instruction^ he here posted guards and sentinels^ and placed
his troops under shelter for the night. There was but one more ob-
stacle, the San Cosine gate, [custom-house,) between him and the
great square in front of the cathedral and palace — the heart of the
city; and that barrier, it was known, could not, by daylight, resist
our siege guns thirty minutes."
" I had gone back to the foot of Chapultepec, the point from
which the two aqueducts begin to diverge, some hours earlier, in
order to be near the new depot, and in easy communication with
Quitman and Twiggs as well as with Worth."
I beg leave to bring to the notice of the general-in-chief, that he
has entirely misconceived the facts in the case.
Pe-ssing by, for the present, several errors in the report, I pro-
reed to invite his attention to the marked sentences; they read
thus:
" By 8 o'clock in the evening, Worth had carried two batteries
in the suburbs.'^ " According to my instruction, he here (that is in
1078 ■ Ex. Doc. No. 60.
■ •
the suburbs) posted guards and sentinels, and placed his troops un-
der shelter for the night." " There was but one more obstacle,
the San Cosme gate, (custom-house,) between him and the great
square in front of the cathedral and* palace."
On these sentences, marked in the quoted, printed paragraph an-
nexed, I have to observe:
1st. That my command was not halted and sheltered for the
night in the stiburbs^ nor did I receive instructions to that effect.
2d. That before 6 o'clock, my command had carried " the gate
(or custom-house) of San Cosme," captured the cannon which de-
fended it, and turned them upon the flying enemy.
3d. That one of my brigades quartered, that night, several hun-
dred yards within the gate, and my head-quarters with it, the
pickets and patrols being advanced to a church, (where the 6th in-
fantry now quarters,) more than half way from the gate San Cosme
to the Alameda; the other, and Ridgeley's brigade, quartered for
convenience at and by the gate.
The night position of my troops was in the knowledge of two
officers of general head-quarters staff, and it is, or was, v/ithin the
knowledge of other officers of that staff that, by 8 o'clock, the
heavy guns, a mortarand 24pounder, were got up from the far
rear, and before nine opened upon the great plaza; said guns being
in battery "at the San Cosme gate," the firing of which brought
out (as by them avowed at the time) the commissioners, who reach-
ed my night quarters, some two hundred yards within that " one
more obstacle," at half past one, a. m., and it was from thence I
passed them, in charge of an officer of my staff, to the general-in-
chief, whom I supposed to be near Chapultepec, but who was found
at Tacubaya.
I am aware that the picture referred to in the official report gives
a wrong position to my troops. Aside from my own official report,
which was before the general, his own staff could have convicted
the picture of error.
Since writing the foregoing I have seen, also for the first time,
the general-in-chief's official report of Molino del Rey. I owe it
to the memory of the dead, to the reputation of the living, and to
the fame, in respect to country, of that signal victory to say, that
the following paragraph cannot fail, in the minds of those unac-
quainted with the facts, to bring in question the completeness of
that victory. The paragraph reads thu?:
" The enemy having several times reinforced his line, and the ac-
tion soon becoming much more general than I had expected, I
called up, from the distance of three miles, first Major General
Pillow with his remaining brigade, (Pierce's,) arid ntxt Riley's
brigade of Twiggs's division, leaving his other brigade (Smith's)
in observation at San Angel. Those corps approached with «eal
and rapidity ; but the battle was won just as Brigadier General
Pierce reached the ground, and' had interposed his corps between
Garland'' s brigade {Worth''s division") and the retrcatijig enemy.''''
On the last sentence of this paragraph I have to assert, that the
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1079
battle had been won more than one hour before General Pierce's
brigade, or any other supports, reached the ground; that I had been
nearly that length of time engaged in collecting the wounded and
dead; that Pierce's brigade did not approach El Molino to replace
Garland and to occupy that captured work, until two hours after its
arrival; that it was not, in the sense used, " interposed between
Garland's brigade and the retreating enemy," that enemy having
retreated three hours before. It was only placed there, when the
time arrived, under the oft repeated orders of the general-in-chief,
to return my command to Tacubaya.
On a future day, and under more auspicious circumstances, I shall
deem it due to my late command and to myself, to bring to notice
other matters in the several reports, from that of Cerro Gordo to
the occupation of th'is city. Meantime, I have the honor to solicit
that this communication be forwarded to the department of War,
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. J. WORTH,
Brevet Major General.
To Captain H. L. Scott,
ji. A. A. General^ Head- quarters^ Mexico.
[Endorsement.]
• Respectfully forwarded.
I might animadvert justly and severely upon the tone of the
within, and upon several of its assertions; but will, under the cir-
cumstances, say that I committed an error in saying, in my report,
that the gate of San Cosme was not passed by Worth's division in
the evening of the 13th of September. That gate was the second
battery carried by the division, and I gave the division credit for
having passed tvoo.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
January, 1848.
[Forwarded by Major General Scott, January 14, 1848.]
Head-quarters, Second Regiment Ohio Infantry,
Januarys, 1848.
Sir: I have the honor to report that, on the 4th of this month,
a merchant train, under the charge of Captain Chase, was robbed
of some twenty-six mules and a number of horses, within a few
miles of this post, and between here and the city. I was at the
time absent, and did not arrive here until the evening of the 5th.
I was then told that the mules had been seen taking the road to
Mira Floris, distant some six leagues from here. I despatched Ma-
jor Link that night with a command, consisting of cavalry and in-
fantry for that place. The command, upon arriving at the first ha-
1080
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
cientla from here, lying at the foot of the mountain, and called, I
"believe, Cordova, were induced to search a large house there upon
seeing the lights blown out on their arrival. Upon knocking at
the doors, admittance was refused them, and they were obliged to
force their way in. Some time was necessarily occupied in this;.
and, by the time they had forced the door and entered, they found
310 one in the house but the owners thereof, and a French gentle-
man and lady. In one room,' however, they found a number of
saddles, bridles, blankets, spread upon the floor, and decks of cards^.
all indicating that the room had been occupied and hastily aban-
iloned. They learned from the French gentleman referred to, that
i;he guerrillas, some fifteen or sixteen in number, had made their
escape by the back way whilst they were forcing their way in front.
Their horses all fell into the hands of the command; two of them
"were horses that had been stolen from officers at this post. From
thence the major proceeded on to Mira Floris, and learned that the
mules had passed there, but could not ascertain to what point they
Jiad been taken. Upon the advice of a Scotchman, whom he found
there, the major, from Mira Floris, proceeded to a town named
Arnica, distant about three leagues. In this place he found some
eighty or a hundred guerrillas. He immediately charged into the
town with his horse, and soon put them to flight. Some four or
iive of the guerrillas w^ere killed, and the commander of them, Jose
de la Yera, was wounded and taken prisoner. Three of his men
"were also taken, all of whom I now have as prisoners. At Halma-
nalco the major learned 4hat the mule? had been taken to a place
called Tenango. His horses and men were, however, too much
^'orn down to proceed any farther, and he was obliged ,to return.
The command of Major Link numbered in all sixty men. He was
accompanied by the following officers: Captain J. E. Smith, and
Lieutenant Mitchell, Van Metre, Ross, Thrift, snd O'Sullivan, of
the infantry, and Captain Littell and Lieutenant Buck of cavalry.
I would represent that, at this point, I am too far distant from the
towns the guerrillas occupy to be of as much service as I could
■wish, in breaking up their bands. There are no towns in the im-
mediate vicinity of this post, and the people are of a miserable
class, too poor to own either a horse or a gun.
All the robberies are committed, near here by.bands coming from
lowns, either on one side or the other of the m.ountains, and not by
persons living near here.
The following towns in the neghborhood of Mira Floris are ail
Silled with bands that infest the road: Halmanalco, Arnica, Te-
3iang0j Ozumba, Chalca, and Laralista. With my force in the vi-
cinity of these towns, I think they would be afraid to commit a
Tobbery, or if they did commit one, they' might easily be pursued
and overtaken.
On the other side of the mountain, tow'ards Puebla, and n-ear
San Martien, lie the small villages of Santa Maria, San Raphael,
San Salvador, and Verdad, from whence small parties sometimes
issue for the purpose of robbery. A small force at San Martien
Tvould overawe these, and the road would then, in my opinion, be
3. L.v:
l:.
Jisrm V
lie ~_. ._
% orJe
of the pro
tem of fiiji
^w of tie t
h
StcV
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
1081
perfectly open between Mexico and Puebla. I have four compa-
nies at Puebla, if the general thinks it advisable, that might be sta-
tioned at San Martien. I make these suggestions upon such infor-
mation as I have been able to procure, and, if the general thinks it
advisable to carry them out, I will be responsible for every robbery
between these points.
There is another consideration why I would urge upon the
general the abandonment of 'this as a post, and that is its un-
healthiness. Since I have been here, in one month, I have lost thir-
, teen men. The men are but poorly clad, have but one blanket, and
in consequence of the great and sudden changes of temperature, are
constantly suffering from bad catarrhs.
This last consideration makes, me anxious to have the post
changed, but, at the same time, I would not urge it, did I not feel
that I would be of equal if not greater service elsewhere.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
WM. IRWIN,
Colonel^ 2d regiment^ Ohio infantry.
H. L. Scott,
Jl. A. A. General.
Endorsed: Forwarded respectfully. Perhaps extracts may be ad-
Tantageously published to the credit of Major Link and his offi-
cers.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Jakuart 14, 1848.
No. 44.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Mexico, February 2, 1848.
Sir: Since my last report, (January 13,) I have received from
the war office letters dated November 8 and 17, and December 14..
My orders, Nos. 362, 376 and 395, of the last year, and 15
of the present, (heretofore forwarded,) will exhibit the sys-
tem of finance I have established for the parts occupied by this
army.
It will be seen that the export duties on coins, and the prohibi-
tion of the export of bars, varies materially from your instructions
of November 17, acknowledged above. I hope, for the reasons sug-
•gested in my report. No. 40, (December 17,) the President may
be induced to adopt my views in respect to the precious metals.
I am without reports from commanders of departments below,
on the progress made in collecting the direct assessments under ray
orders and circulars. The ayuntamiento (city council) of the ca-
pital has charged itself with the payment, on account of the fede-
ral district of §400,000, of the $668,332 per year, imposed on the
State of Mexico, and arratigements are in progress to meet that en-
gagement. Two months are now due. Brigadier General Cadwal-
1082 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
ader, at Toluca, hopes soon to begin to collect, through the ayun-
tamiento of that city, a large part of the remainder of the monthly
assessments, and I have sent Colonel Clarke, with a small brigade,
to Cueruavaca, (some 43 miles south, on the .Acapulco road,)
to complete the same collection.
The tear of masses having ended vith the capture of this city,
the war of detail, including the occupation of the country, and the
collection of revenue, requires a large additional force, as I sug-
gested in my despatch, No. 34.
I see that I am, at Washington, supposed to have at my com-
mand more than 30,000 men. Including the forces at Tampico, Vera
Cruz, on the line thence and in this neighborhood, our total does
not exceed 24,816. Deducting the indispensable garrisons and the
sick, I have not left a disposable force, for distant expeditions, of
more than 4,500, and I do not hear of the approach of any con-
siderable reinforcement. Seven thousand men I deem the minimum
number necessary to open the important line from Durango,
through Zacatecas and San Luis, to Tampico. Premising that I
find it impossible to obtain from the volunteers, at a distance, reg-
ular returns, I send an approximate estimate of all the forces
under my immediate orders. The numbers, among the volunteers^
afflicted with the measles and mumps, in this vicinity, con-
tinue to be very great, and the erysipelas is common among all the
corps.
1 write, in haste, by the express who carries the project of a
treaty that Mi. Trist has, at the moment, signed with Mexican
commissioners. If accepted, I hope to receive, as early as practi-
cable, instructions respecting the evacuations of this country; the
disposition to be made of wagons, teams, cavalry and artillery
horses; the points in the United States to which I shall direct the
troops respectively, &,c., 5r,c. (I have not yet read the treaty, ex-
cept in small part.) In the same contingency, if not earlier re-
called, (and I understand my recall has been demanded by two of
my juniors!) I hope to receive instructions to allow me to return to
the United States, as soon as I may deem the public service will
permit, charging some other general officer with completing the
evacuation, which ought, if practicable, to be finished before the
return of the vomito; say early in May.
In about forty days I may receive an acknowledgement of this
report. By that time, if the treaty be not accepted, I hope to be
sufficiently reinforced to open the commercial line between Zacate-
cas and Tampico. The occupation of Queretaro, Guanajuato and
Guadalajura, would be the next in importance, and some of the'
ports of the Pacific, the third. Meanwhile, the collection of inter-
nal dues on the precious metals, and the direct assessments, shall
be continued.
I enclose a letter from Commodore Shubrick, and have the
honor to remain, sir, with high respect, your most obedient
servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Hon. Secretary of War.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1083
[No. 74.] United States Ship Independence,
Mazatlan, December 17, 1847.
Sir: A gentleman crossing the country to the United States, af-
fords me an opportunity to give you, in brief, the situation of the
squadron, and the substance of late despatches sent round to
Panama. The state of affairs still keeps me here with this ship
and the Congress. We have quiet and undisputed possession of the
town of Mazatlan, though General Telles is in the neighborhood
with a force of regulars and rancheros amounting to some six or
eight hundred, and General Yaiiez is at Tepic with a thousand reg-
ulars. I have a garrison on shore well posted and intrenched, and
feel able to beat off any force that can probably be brought against
\is. The custom house is in operation, with the prospect of collect-
ing a fair revenue. I have been obliged to assume the responsi-
bility of making some modifications in the tariff established by the
President, to accommodate it better to the trade on this coast.
They have been made cautiously; the nature of, and reasons for
them, are detailed in a despatch sent by the "Portsmouth," and
will, I hope, be approved.
Since mine of the 4th instant. No. 69, I have received reports
from Commander Montgomery, at San Jose, aud Commander Du
Pont, at La Paz; at the former place measures were in progress to
make the post secure, and Lieutenant Hey wood is relieved from the
immediate pressure upon him. Commander Dupont says, under
date of 10th instant: " I have net been here long enough to form a
correct opinion of affairs in Lower California, but comparing what
I hear from San Jose with Colonel Eurton's best information, the
country is in a state of complete insurrection; and but for the
death of Mejares, killed at San Jose, things here would have been
much more serious." Colonel Burton-writes, same date: " On the
27th ultimo, we Were attacked again by Pineda, with a force of
about 400 men, many of them Indians. The attack was com-
menced at 3, p. m., and ended at 8, p. m.; the enemy suffered very
much. I cannot learn \he loss. The firing was much more severe
than in the first attack; the enemy had a 4-pounder; the next day
we took a flag from them. The enemy's loss in this last affair was
five killed and several badly wounded. This affair in Lower Cali-
forni"^ is not to be ended in a day; more than 600 people are in
arms against us, and they are not to be so much despised as has
been thought. Although the 'Cyane' and Southampton are in the
harbor, the enemy are hovering jiear, and I should not be surprised
if we were attacked at any moment; indeed I expect it."
The squadron here will be tasked to the utmost to hold the
Ouaymas and this place, and keep our flag flying in Lower Cali-
fornia.
I have written repeatedly to General Scott and to Governor
Mason, requesting that troops may be sent to both places, but have
not yet heard from either. By the last of May the ships must leave
this harbor; as the squadron is at present, it cannot spare men
€noifgh to leave a sufficient garrison; if not reinforced, we must
1084
Ex. Doc/ No. 60.
evacuate, and thus lose the most important port in the Pacific. On
the night of the 13th, a party of fifty seamen, from this ship and the
Congress, had an engagement with the advance guard of General
Telles. The enemy was strongly entrenched; we attacked them,
drove them from their entrenchments, killed two officers and eight
men, and returned without the loss of a single man. The party
was commanded by Lieutenants Montgomery, Lewis, and H. A.
Wise, Passed Midshipmen English and Baldwin. I regret to say
that 1 have not been able. to blockade San Bias, or send a ship to
Telmantepec. On the last of September, the "Lexington" left La
Paz for Monterey. She had orders to fill up with provisions and
stores for the squadron, and follow me immediately to this nlace;
she has not yet arrived. I look for her daily, and shall send her
immediately to blockade San Bias.
Steamers and sloops-of-war, of the first class, are much wanted;
any given force would be more efficient in such vessels than in any
other class. This port is on the Pacific what Vera Cruz is on the
gulf, the most important to Mexico; and it would be a subject of
deep regret if we should not be able to hold it until the end of the
war. Five hundred regular soldiers, with the defences which we
have put up, would hold it, in the opinion of the engineer officer
whom I brought with rne for the purpose, against five thousand.
We have had some sickness — that incident to the climate — in the
squadron; have lost a few men; but the sick are convalescing
rapidly, and there is reason to believe we shall have no more of
importance.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient ser-
vant,
WM. BRANFORD SHUBRICK,
Commanding Pacific Squadron.
Hon. Jko. Y. Mason,
4'c., ccc, 4i'c., Washington.
General: I have written the above to the Secretary of theNavy^
and send it to you, with a request that you will read and forward it
by what you may deem the most safe and speedy conveyance. The
gentleman who takes it has promised to deliver it into your hands,
and take your commands. He is worthy of your confidence, and
is going direct to the United States. I have no information to
give you but what is in the letter to the Secretary.* I hope soon
to have the pleasure of hearing from you. 1 am sure I need not
urge upon you the importance of holding this place, and how de-
sirable it is that the ships should be able to withdraw their men,
and cruise. We can then hermelically seal the coast of Mexico on
this side. Mr. Halleck thinks the defences we have put. up will
enable five hundred regulars to hold it against as many thousands.
If troops could be got dov/n to San Bias, we could transport them
j()r«tetii"JV-"
forced; »'wy
no' :="■-■■■■ ■
itc ■■■-
ly
^\ on \ii
coa:: •; - .'.'.
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
1085
herej but of the proper route you can judge much better than I
can. Let me hear from you.
With great respect, I am, {general, your obedient servant,
W. BRANFORD SHUBRICK,
Commanding Pacific Squadron.
. Major General Winfield Scott,
Commander-in-chief, U. S. army, Mexico.
December 18, 1847.
P. S. — To General Scott: I had the honor to receive this morn-
ing your letter of the 2d, and learn with deep regret that it does
not enter into your plans to send forces to this coast at once.
I cannot»abandon the hope that you will do so as soon as rein-
forced, when you bear in mind that the alternative, after May, will
not be whether the army or navy shall hold Mazatlan, but whether
the army shall occupy it, or it shall be abandoned; for, after that
month, ships cannot be in the harbor in safety, and we cannot spare
men enough to garrison it. I know you will duly consider these
things, and do what is best for the glory and interest of our cause.
These two letters are written on one sheet that the package maybe
as small as possible and more easy of conveyance.
W. B. S.
rH
t
Head-quarters of the Army,
Mexico, February 6, 1848.
Sir: I have not reported on the subject of secret disbursements
since I left Jalapa. First, because of the uncertainty of our com-
munications with Vera Cruz; and, second, the necessity of certain
explanations which, on account of others, ought not to be reduced to
writing. I may, however, briefly add that I have never tempted
the honor, conscience, or patriotism of any man, but have held it
as lawful in morals as in war to purchase valuable information, or
services voluntarily tendered me.
Charging myself with the money received at Washington for the
purposes indicated — the $150,000 levied upon this city for the im-
mediate benefit of this army, in lieu of pillage; the proceeds of cap-
tured tobacco taken from the Mexican government, and with some
other small sums, all of which I shall strictly account for — I
have, on the other hand, expended $63,745 57 in blankets and
shoes gratuitously distributed to enlisted men; $10,000 extra on ac-
count of hospitals; allowing $10 each to every crippled man dis-
charged or furloughed; some $60,000, I think, for secret services,
including a native spy company, whose pay, commencing in July, I
did not wish to bring into account with the treasury; and I enclose,
herewith, a draught for$100,000,makingup accordingto thememoran-
dum, also enclosed. I hope you will allow the draft to go to the
credit of the army asylum, and make the subject known, in the
way you may deem best, to the Military Committees of Congress.
j^.' J*- >r^i>w*n- -
1086 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
That sum is, in small part, the price of the American blood so gal-
lantly shed in this vicinity; and, considering that the array receives
no prize money^ I repeat the hope that its proposed destination may
be approved and carried into effect.
Number one, of the sa'me set of bills, is this day transmitted
direct to the Bank of America.
The remainder of the money in my hands, as well as that ex-
pended, I shall be ready to account for at the proper time and in
the proper manner; merely offering tlws imperfect report to ex-
plain, in the meantime, the character of the $100,000 draft.
I have the honor to remain, with high respect, sir, your obedient
servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
The honorable Secretary of War.
Memorandum of account between Major General Winfield Scott and^
Paymaster E. Kirby, at the city of Mexico, in the matter of the-
asylum fund.
1848. * . .
January 19: By amount of gambling license, money
received from Brigadier General P. F. Smith $9,000 GO-
February 3: By the check of General Scott on Man-
ning & Mackintosh 26,000 00
February 3: By proceeds of tobacco sales received from
Captain Lowry, account of late Captain Irwin 49,569 44
February 5: By the check of Captain Grayson in favor
of Surgeon Satterlee 2,650 40
February 5: By the check of General Scott on Man-
ning & Mackintosh 12,780 16
100,000 00
Balance by my bill of exchange, No. 18, in triplicate,
in favor of Major General W. Scott upon the pay-
master general, at ten days, at Bank of America.. 100,000 00
E, KIRBY, Paymaster.
I No. 18.] (Pay of the army, $100,000.)
City of Mexico, January 21, 1848.
At ten days after sight, for value received, please pay this my
second of exhange, (the first and third being unpaid,) to the order
of Major General Winfield Scott, one hundred thousand dollars, on
account of the pay of the army, for which I am accountable to the
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1087
«
treasury: Payable at the Bank of America, city of New York,
•without further advice.
E. KIRBY,
Acting Chief of the Pay Department^
at the head-quarters of the army.
Brigadier General N. Towson,
Paymaster General United States Jlrmy^
• City of Washington.
(Endorsed.)
The Bank of America, city of New York, will place the within
amount to the credit of Jlrmy MsylumySuhjeci to the order of Con-
gress.
WINFIELD SCOTT,
Major General J S^c.
No. 45.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Mexico^ February 9, 1848.
Sir: I have received no communication from the War Department^
or the adjutant general's oftice, since my last report, (No. 44,) dated
the 2d inst.; but slips from newsfiapers and letters from Washing-
ton have come to interested parties here, representing, I learn, that
the President has determined to place me before a court, for daring
to enforce necessary discipline in this army against certain of its
high officers! I make only a passing comment upon these unofficial
announcements; learning, with pleasure, through the same sources,
that I am to be superseded by Major General Butler, Perhaps,
after trial, I may be permitted to return to the United Statf^s. My
poor services with this most gallant army are at length to be
requited as I have long been led to expect they would be.
I have the honor to remain, with high respect, sir, your most
obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
To the Hon. Secretary of War.
A.
£Rof?rred to in postscript of despatch of April !9, 1S43, heretofore published, document No.
1, present session, page 258.]
Translation. — Private and confidential.
Mexico, Jlpril 13, 1847.
My respectable and beloved Friend and Senor: Although I
have not yet had the pleasure to receive your esteemed and respect-
1088 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
able letters, I think it proper to address you, to inform you of oc-
currences here.
Our friends continue to meet together almost every day. We
have agreed that the press shall attack the party who wish to place
General A. at the head of the government, and attack him also; set
forth the services which you have rendered and are rendering to the
nation, and that no one but yourself should be elected by th£ States
to the presidency of the republic.
I enclose an article which appeared in the Republicano of yes-
terday. We are also laboring to induce congress to confer supreme
power upon the executive, and to cease any further exercise of its
own functions.
Yesterday the fortifications of this city were begua.
Intelligence has been received from New Mexico of certain
Sicilian vespers which the inhabitants have enacted upon the,
Yankees there. Being no longer disposed to submit to the extor-
tions exacted, they fell upon them simultaneously, and had killed
even to the general who was there with the Yankees.
Intelligence has also been received from Chihuahua, that the
Americans there, dreading the people of that State, who were des-
perate, had made propositions to the legislature and government
that they would evacuate the territory; would engage that no force
of their nation should return to occupy it, and that they would pay
the duties of internation on the effects which they had introduced,
provided the State would engage to be neutral in the present war.
To-day at nine in the morning the courier arrived, by whicli you
make known that our advanced troops were exchanging shots with
those of the invading forces. You olight to consider how anxious
we are to receive information from you as to the present position
held by our troops, wishing, as we your friends do, a fortunate
result to you.
Seiior Anaya, as well as the minister of the treasury, are re-
doubling their efforts to send you money, so necessary under these
present circumstances.
God grant us a triumph in this struggle with our invaders. We,
your friends, can have no repose or peace in these disastrous times.
We confide in that divine Providence which will not abandon us.
May you, sir, enjoy perfect health, and be careful to preserve
your precious existence. Command the services, in whatever may
be useful to yourself, of your grateful, faithful, loyal friend and
assured servant, who kisses your hand.
J. P. DE MORA.
To Senor Don Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.
Ex: Doc. No. GO. 1089
B.
[Forwarded with despatch of 23J of April, 1347, heretofore published.]
Inspector General's Department,
Jalapa, April 24, 1847.
General: On the 5tli instant I had the honor to lay before you
the paroles of honor, by which the Mexican troops, captured by
the army under your immediate command at Vera Cruz and the
castle St. Juan d'UlIoa, were enlarged. I have now the satisfac-
tion of enclosing \.\iQ paroles of those captured at the pass of Cer-
ro Gordo on the 11th instant, to wit:
1. The original paroles of honor of three general officers, two
others being accounted for below, together with similar paroles
from one hundred and eighty-five other officers of all grades.
2. Original paroles of honor^ given by officers of the Mexican
army on behalf of the troops of the several corps, prisoners of war,
respectively under their command, binding them not to serve dur-
ing the war, unless duly exchanged. These rolls embrace two
thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven (2,837) names, the rank
and file of the army.
3. A copy of the parole of General Pinson, a translation of the
same, and a list of all others on parole, numbering in all two hun-
dred and eighty-eight officers.
4. Copies of the several papers referred to above in No. 2, to
wit: the paroles for the rank and file.
Besides the above, I enclose an original paper, signed by two
general officers, (including General La Vega,)and by fourteen other
officers of various grades, who declined giving their paroles not to
serve during the war, unless exchanged, but pledged themselves,
as the paper shows, to report as prisoners of war to the American
commander at Vera Cruz, who was instructed under your orders to
secure them in the castle of St. Juan d'Ulloa, or send them, if they
preferred it, to the United States.
A separate list of these sixteen officers is also furnished.
I think proper to remark, with regard to the operations at Cerro
Gordo, that by turning the left flank of the enemy, and storming
the principal hill occupied by him, which was executed under your
personal observation, on the morning of the 18th instant, his force
was divided, all of the batteries, east of the hill, being separated
from thejuain body of the army encamped on the Jalapa road, west
of the hni.
All the positions of the enemy were commanded by the hill it-
self, which was believed by the Mexicans to be inaccessible to our
troops. The hill being stormed and taken, the main body of the
enemy fled in the utmost confusion, and but a very few were taken
prisoners. Many of the troops in the batteries, at the same time,
made their escape in the hills, throwing away their arms.
A Mexican officer assured me that no less than 1,500 thus escaped
69
1090 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
from one single battery. Of those in the batteries, who laid down
their arms, more than a thousand contrived to escape on their march
from the field of battle to Plan del Rio, some five miles or more,
along a circuitous road, bounded by woods and ravines; and hence
the number of prisoners on parole is diminished to about 3,000
men, exclusive of officers. And, although this may not be the
place for the expression of an opinion, I feel warranted in saying
that the defeat w^as as complete as it was^unexpected by the enemy,,
that he was utterly destroyed, captured, or routed, spreading terror
and consternation throughout the country.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant^
E. A. HITCHCOCK,
Lieut. Col. A. Inspector Generals
Major General Winfield Scott,
General-in-chief) Jalapcy Mexico.
CORRESPONDENCE
THE SECRETARY OF WAR
MAJOR GENERAL ZACHARY TAYLOR.
1092 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Memorandum of corres'pondence between the Secretary of War and
Major General Taylor.
General Taylor to the Secretary of War :
No. 1. January 7, 1847. (Published, Doc. 119, 2d session 29th Congress.)
No. 2. January 14, 1847.
No. 3. January 14, 1847; partial list of kiiled and wounded, (onaitted.)
No. 4. January 14, 1847; enclosing returns, &c., (omitted.)
No. 5. January 26, 1847.
No. 6. January 26, 1847.
No. 7. January 26, 1847.
No. 8. January 26, 1847.
No. 9. January 27, 1847.
No. 10. January 29, 1847.
No. 11. January 30, 1817.
No. 12. February 4, 1847.
No. 13. February 7, 1847.
No. 14. February 14, 1847.
No. 15. February 24, 1847; battle of Buena Vista, (published, present session,
Doc. 1, page 97.) ^
No. 16. February 25, 1847.
No. 17. March 1, 1847. (Published, Doc. No. 1, present session, page 99.)
No. 18. March 6, 1847; detailed report of battle of Buena Vista, (published,
Doc. No. 1, page 131, present session.)
Secretary of War to General Taylor, April 3, 1847.
General Taylor to Secretary of War :
No. 19. March 6, 1847.
No. 20. March 15, 1847.
No. 21. March 20, 1847.
No. 22. March 20, 1847.
Secretary of War to General Taylor, April 13, 1847; relative to contribution, (published.
Doc. No. 1, present session, page 565.)
Secretary of War to General Taylor, May 6, 1847.
General Taylor to Secretary of War :
No. 23. March 22, 1847.
No. 24. March 27, 1S47; enclosing returns and acknowledging communications,
(omitted.)
No. 25. March 28, 1847.
No. 26. April 3, 1847.
No. 27. April 4, 1847.
No. 28. April 10, 1847; minor reports of battle of Monterey,"(published pres-
ent session.)
No. 29. April 11, 1847.
No. 30. April 17, 1847; minor reports, battle of Buena Vista,°(published, Doc.
No. 1, page 144, present session.)
No. 31. April 19, 1847; return of troops and acknowledgments of orders and
letters, (omitted.)
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 109a
General Taylor to the Secretary of War :
No. 32. April 20, 1847.
No. 33. April 21, 1847.
No. 34. April 25, 1847,
No. 35. April 28, 1847; return of troops, (omitted.)
No. 36. May 2, 1847.
Orders, Nos. 46 and 47, May 6 and 8, 1847.
No. 37. May 9, 1847.
No. 38. May 9, 1847.
No. 39. May 15; 1847.
No. 40. May 16, 1847.
Secretary of War to General Taylor, April 17, 1847. '
General Taylor to Secretary of War, May 16, 1847 :
No. 41. May 23, 1847.
No. 42. May 26, 1847.
No. 43. May 27, 1847.
No. 44. May 28, 1S47.
No. 45. May 29, 1847.
No. 46. June 4, 1847; transmits proceedings of a "military commission; (omit
ted.)
No. 47. June 6, 1847.
No. 48. June 8, 1847.
No 49. Junes, 1847.
No. 50. June 8, 1847.
No. 51. June 8, 1847.
No. 52. June 16, 1847.
No. 53. June 16, 1847.
No. 54. June 16, 1847.
No. 55. June 23, 1847; return of troops and acknowledgments of comrauuica-
tions, (omitted.)
No. 56. June 23, 1847.
No. 57. June 30, 1847.
No. 58. July 6, 1847.
No. 59. July 13, 1847.
No. 60. July 13, 1847.
No. 61. July 20, 1847; retm-n of troops and acknowledgments of communica-
tions, (omitted.)
No. 62. July 27, 1847.
No. 63. August 3, 1847.
No. 64. August 10, 1847.
No. 65. August 16, 1847.
Secretary of War to General Taylor, May 10, 1847.
Do do May 11, 1847. *
The President to General Taylor, May 12, 1847.
Secretary of War to General Taylor, May 14, 1847.
Do do May 17, 1847.
Do do Jane 14, 1847.
}
1094 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Secretary of War to General Taylor, June 15, 1847. (Published, Doc. No. 1, page 584,
present session.)
Secretary of War to General Taylor, June 26, 1847.
Do do July 14, 1347.
Do do July 17, 1847.
General Taylor to Secretary of War, August 16, 1847 :
No. 66. August 24, 1847.
No. 67. August 24, 1847; encloses reports of discharges, (omitted.)
No. 68. August 30; encloses returns, (omitted.
No. 69. August 31, 1847.
No. 70. September 7, 1847.
No. 71. September 14, 1847.
No. 72. September 14, 1847; transmitting returns, &c., (omitted.)
No. 73. September 21, 1847.
No. 74. September 28, 1847.
No. 75. October 4, 1847.
No. 76. October 12, 1847.
No. 77. October 19, 1847.
No. 78. October 25, 1847.
No. 79. October 26, 1847; encloses returns, &c., (omitted,)
No. 80. November 2, 1847.
Secretary of War to General Taylor, October 11, 1847.
Do do October 18, 1847,
Do do October 25, 1847.
Adjutant General to General Taylor.
General Taylor to Secretary of War, November 14, 1847.
No. 81. November 14, 1847.
No. 82. November 23, 1S47.
No. 83. November 24, 1847.
No. 84. November 25, 1847.
^Secretary of War to General Taylor, January 14, 1848.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1095
CORRESPONDENCE.
gen
No. 2.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Victoria ^ January 14, 1847.
Sir: I respectfully enclose, herewith, the proceedings of the
j^cneral court martial in the case of Brevet Second Lieutenant S.JJ.
Sturgis, 2d dragoons, on charges growing out of the recent attair
between Lieutenant Colonel May's squadron and a party ot the
enemy; also, the official report of that affair, rendered by Lieuten-
ant Colonel May.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Major General U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General
Of the army J Washington^ D. C.
[The proceedings of the court martial, referred to above, not
furnished.]
Dragoon Camp, near Santa Gracia,
Mexicoj January 2, 1847.
Major: In addition to the hasty report made from Linares, I
have now the honor to submit the following more detailed report
of the operations of my command, while engaged in protecting
Captain Linnard, topographical engineers, on the reconnoissance
made in obedience to orders from head-quarters, army of occupa-
tion, dated 25th ultimo. In conformity to those orders, my com-
mand moved from Montemorales on the morning of the 26th, and
proceeded with the utmost caution towards the pass leading to
Lappadores. That place was reached in two days, without any
further interruption than such as arose necessarily from the diffi-
cult pass in which the route pursued is situated. In Lappadores I
became satisfied, from different manifestations, that our position was
an imminently dangerous one, and consequently increased the pre-
cautions which I had before supposed would be sufficient to insure
the safety of my command. I marched from Lappadores as early
on the morning of the 28th as was practicible, for San Pedro,
which is situat'ed at the entrance of the Santa Rosa pass. Soon
after leading Lappadores, I discovered tl-.at a considerable body of
mounted men had preceded my command in the direction of San
Pedro. During the day I observed two mounted men watching our
10%
Ex. Doc. Xo. 60.
i
inotfm«nls, \*h<>, I uan »»t.»firi), were fpiet of tl. r.#rT \
tIvimI «i S.m I'lilro near »un»rl that rTrnios, an
the ui^l\ On tlir l<
in R »lu>rt tiinr wr •
foun«l to be more diRicuU ihtn ii
iii n iiutt»"«*ion of «!»filr», thrca^l. -
than onr h«'r»rman to patt at » time, and to
frrijurnlly nr««»»ar) to •
^tron^ly wiih the btlitl *
prtMiDg rooinrntarily •!> •titck, 1 placed at
tlu* renr jjuar*!, ul»i«li « fi "fa nor.
tin mm an«l om- l»ij^;!ir, < • r«, in
tatkn), to nound the alarm. \N <
frt»m San Piilrojuhrn about twi- ;
the U)o<«t tiitViiult ill file we had Tel fi
ina«le by the rminy. T!' '
V i a mine, \» h i « h w rt • r n ;
]u«'t ipilated froin
lit file, and by A iln* i. i j;« -i i. » '
left. So <»oon a« 1 had (\*.n«at«tl i
ous portion, I hftlttd at, and ordrrcl I
to n»e at the defile, mlh ^ j...r'> ol t\*
purpose of coYerinit my ■ . »nd •'
returnril imm- " ' lo Ui .i«n!e, and >.•
non ^omu»l^<^^ » er attached to the re.'
it, pH!i9ed the lithle, and lelt the guard an
Vedro side. When I appea" ' "> front ol :
was renewed. I atlewptrd * *.. but found a ;
tuahle. 1 i«
Paring that «'l
out injury, an the enemy wa» »o lar above u» aa
with any a»oura«y. Srv. .' -= f . i .^ i i..
without etfeit, a* the lai:
ci| loe. Alter havini; tvn
bell, with twenty men, \v . ,
the rear, and found that the rear guard had .
Hnd tetreated m the direction < T
thus lelt in pos^e^Mon ol our
conveyed into the mountain* b) a i
the immense rocks in the pass. I th<.., , ..
to the rear, m hope of recovering the rear c
that di>t*nve, and usinc e\ery exertion
turn, I became s*ti>Ued that it was i. .
Oeeming it no longer prudent to detain the cv\
gerous pi»sition where it had already been one
returned to it ar.d resumed my match, still an'
attack before we could c'ear the pass. W »
outlet without any further attack. 1 then ;
to rest my men and horses. From that point I sent a:
the alcalde of San Pedro, potifx . ' c>( what *
1 herewith enclose his answer, xu , me ibai
V
. I
x%
ne
^r
< r-
..k
!l.
•h-
•re
:>ut
it,
e-
:ti.
n-
. I
rid
to
e.
ad
k
W^ «/ %*-^
t M «iv
•^ tMM<li^
A 4d^t«riA^
•nV-
>\^
H
«i, IS4T
i ; »-^» laa ii.c
^»- %•« T a •iv«t^>*^t \«? »:»;av.n
1098 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
all the dragoons, except two squadrons, (Steen's, of the Isl", and
May's, of the 2(1,) two batteries of field artillery, (Taylor's and
Duncan's,) and all the infantry and artillery, serving as such, ex-
cepting one company, 1st artillery, (Prentiss's,) left in garrison
here. The above detachments have been made from the advance
line held by the army; what disposition will be made of the four
companies of artillery stationed on the Rio Grande, at Point Isabel,
and Brazos island, I cannot say.
There are left for the occupation and defence of this line, as
follows:
Of regular troops two squadrons of cavalry, four batteries of
artillery, (in all 16 guns,) and one company of artillery, stationed
at the citadel in Monterey.
Of volunteer troops: two regiments of horse, (Kentucky and
Arkansas,) eight regiments of foot, and two pieces of artillery.
The above troops are stationed at Monterey and Saltillo, and in
advance of the latter position. There are besides, in rear, three
regiments of volunteer foot, holding the river and the line hence to
Camargo. Of those regiments it is possible that General Scott may
withdraw one, (3d, Ohio.)
I have not yet heard of the arrival in the country of any of the
new regiments of volunteers. It is probable that some of those
regiments will be ordered to report to me, as also the companies of
mounted rifles now on the lower Rio Grande.
We hear Irom the interior that General Santa Anna has certainly
been elected president, and Gomez Farias vice president of the re-
public. The former, at the last advices from San Luis, has gone
thence to the capital. The army is represented to be suffering for
want of supplies, and the Congress seems unwilling or unable to
vote the nectssary appropriations.
From the direction of Durango, we learn that an action took
place, at the Paso Del Norte, between a detachment of troops from
Santa Fe and a Mexican force, which had marched from Chihuahua,
resulting in the defeat and dispersion of the latter with consider-
able loss. It is presumed that our troops are now in possession of
Chihuahua.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A.j commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
No. 6.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, Jamtary 26, 1847.
Sir: I have the melancholy duty of reporting the death of Second
Lieutenant Jno. A. Richey, 5th infantry, who was foully murdered,
on the 13th instant, in the town of Villa Gran, State of Tamauli-
pas.
Ex. Doc. No. GO. 1099
Lieutenant Ricby had been despatched by Major General But-
ler, from Saltillo, with important communications for my head-
quarters, with an escort of ten dragoons. On reaching Villa
Gran, he separated himself from his escort for the purpose of
purchasing provisions and forage, and was set upon by a party
of Mexican ruihans, who put him to death. I passed tiirough the
town a few days afterwards, and made every effort, by the offer of
rewards, &c., to recover the despatches and arrest the murderers.
One person, undoubtedly implicated in the transaction, is now in
custody. The despatches have undoubtedly been forwarded to the
Mexican general-in-chief at San Luis. Among them were the in-
structions of Major General Scott to me, of January 3d, revealing
the operations with which he is charged, and the amount of force
to be withdrawn from this frontier.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
No. 7.
Head-quArters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ January 26, 1847.
Sir: I beg leave to invite your attention to the necessity of
placing in an efficient condition the few companies of regular troops
left under my command, particularly those of artillery. The bat-
teries of Captains Sherman and Bragg are very feebly manned,
while the companies of Captain Webster and Prentiss, 1st artil-
lery, are still weaker. One hundred good men, enlisted specially
for the field artillery, could be advantageously assigned here, while
as many more, from the general service, could be absorbed by the
companies which serve on foot here and at the depots in rear.
The regular force under my orders is so small that it seems highly
important to keep its ranks well filled.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. »/3., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Wnshington, D. C.
No. 8.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, January 26, 184:7.
Sir: In my communication of July 27, 1846, presenting the
names of such officers as I considered entitled to the distinction of
1100 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
trevet commissions for their participation in the affairs of the 8th
and 9th of May, I stated that I might afterwards find it necessary
to recommend a few names in addition. I have now the honor to
submit the names of the following officers, in addition to those
first presented:
General stajf. — Breyet Second Lieutenant Brereton, Ordnance
Department.
Second dragoons. — Captain Graham, Lieutenants Winship, Plea-
santon, and Sackett.
Seventh infantry. — First Lieutenant Hanson.
I will also submit the name of Major Munroe, second artillery.
Though not engaged in the field, I deem him fairly entitled to the
honor of a brevet for his arduous and highly valuable services in
the command of Fort Polk.
In reply to so much of the communication of the Secretary of
War, dated July 11, as requests me to state "whether there are
any non-commissioned officers or privates whose general conduct
and gallantry in these affairs are such as to warrant their being fa-
vorably noticed by the government, or whose claims would entitle
them to promotion," I have to reply that the names of all the
enlisted men engaged on those occasions are now on file here, with
remarks in many individual cases. These lists, or an extract of
them, can be furnished if required; but the only individual recom-
mended for promotion has received it, viz: Sergeant Major Malo-
ney, 4th infantry.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. »/3., commanding.
To the Adjutant General of the Jirmy,
Washington., D. C.
No. 9.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey., January 27, 1847.
Sir: My despatch No. 5 has advised you of the measures taken
to meet Major General Scott's requisition for troops, and, as nearly
as practicable at this time, of the amount and description of force
left under my orders in this part of Mexico. Having fulfilled my
duty in carrying out w^hat I believed to be the washes of the gov-
ernment, I now beg leave to invite the attention of the department
to several points of grave interest to myself, and not without im-
portance in their bearing upon the public service. I have, there-
fore, to request that this communication may be laid before the
Secretary of War, and by him be submitted to the President of the
United States.
I will first speak of the extraordinary reserve manifested by the
Department of War in not communicating to me the intentions of
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1101
the government — at least in regard to the withdrawal of so large a
portion of my command. Had I not been deemed a safe repository
of its purposes, I might, at any rate, have been instructed to hold
the troops in readiness for detachment. A special messenger, des-
patched from Washington when the employment of Major General
Scott was determined upon, would have reached me at the very
latest by the 8th of December — in time to suspend the movement
on Victoria, to spare a portion of the army, including myself, a long
and expensive march of 400 miles, and to prevent the murder of a
young officer with important despatches, now in the hands of the
enemy. But, up to this moment, I have not received a syllable
from the Department of War on this subject — my only advices be-
ing a semi-official letter from Major General Scott, in New York,
dated November 25, and received by me December 24; his instruc-
tions of January 3, received January 14; and his letter of Decem-
ber 20 from New Orleans, received January 16. All these delays
and accidents would have been avoided by the employment of a
special messenger, and I can hardly believe that the occasion was
not deemed important enough to warrant that course.
Having been placed in command of the army, and charged with
the operations against Mexico by the orders of the President of the
United States, had 1 chosen to be punctilious, I might have de-
clined to make any detachment from my force without the same
authority expressly communicated; but believing that Major Gen-
eral Scott was possessed of the views and wishes of the govern-
ment, I had no hesitation in complying to the fullest extent with
his call for troops, and should have done so equally had it placed
me under the necessity of abandoning all that has been gained in
this quarter. I have the satisfaction of knowing that the troops he
has required have been promptly placed in position for embarka-
tion, and that no delay whatever has occurred in carrying out his
instructions as soon as received.
Again I would respectfully state that no reply has been received
to my communications of October 15, November 8, and November
12, replying, respectively, to the despatches brought out by Lieu-
tenant Armistead, Major Graham, and Mr. McLane. In those com-
munications I expressed fully and frankly my views on many im-
portant points connected with the prosecution of the campaign, and
had reason to expect at least the courtesy of an acknowledgment.
While exercising a command which, it is well known, I never
sought, it has been my constant aim to perform my whole duty
without fear and without favor. The best interests of the service
and the country have been my guide, and will continue to be while
I remain in command, however limited may be my force or embar-
rassing my situation; but from the course which the department
has pursued in the above particulars, I am constrained to believe
that I no longer possess the confidence of the government. I can
only regret that the President did not think proper, while withdraw-
ing so large a portion of my command in the manner above indi-
cated, to relieve me from a position where I can no longer serve
1102 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
the country with that assurance of confidence and support so in-
dispensable to success.
The force with which I am left in this quarter, though greatly-
deficient in regular troops, will, doubtless enable me to hold the
positions now occupied. Major General Scott seems to expect that
I will assume offensive operritions — say, by March; but from what
I have heretofore reported on the subject of such operations, I am
sure they will not be expected by the department with my present
means. The terms of service of nearly all the regiments here will
expire in May and June, and it will become an important question
how to replace those regiments in time even for defensive purposes.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Jflajor General U. S. A.^ commanding.
To the Adjutant General
Of the Army^ Washington^ D. C.
No. 10.
Head-Quarters, Army or Occupation,
Camp, near Monterey, January 29, 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith reports rendered by
Brevet Colonel Mcintosh, of the services of his regiment (5th
infantry) in the actions of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, and
respectfully request that they may be filed with the other reports
of those affairs.
I have to acknowledge copies of your communications of Decem-
ber 1st, to Assistant Surgeon Simons; of December 3d, to Colonel
Crane and Major Clark, and of December 7th, to Brevet Colonel
Mcintosh; "general orders," Nos. 52, 53, and 54, and 39_and 40,
[duplicates,] also " special orders," Nos. 112, 113, and 114, and
81, [duplicate.]
In acknowledging "general orders," No. 54, I would remark that
Assistant Surgeon Wells was permitted to leave the country some
time since, and it is not known that he has returned.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Army, • ommanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, D. C.
New York, Dccemher 2, 1846.
Sir: As an act of justice to the regiment wsiich I had the honor
to command in the actions of the 8th and 9ih of May last, at Palo
Alto and Resaca de la Palma, and as an act of duty which I owe to
myself and my country, I have the honor to submit for your con-
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
IIOS
sideratlon a report of the services rendered by the 5th regiment of
infantry while it continued under my command, up to the time I
was wounded, which was near the close of the action of the 9th.
It is proper to state that, in consequence of wounds which I re-
ceived at that time, I have not, until recently, been able to make
this report. Time, and our active operations in the field, did not
permit me to enter upon this duty during the interval of the two
engagements. Circumstances have therefore prevented me, until
this late period, from bearing testimony to the part performed by
the gallant corps then under my command in the brilliant victories
of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma.
On the 8th of May, the 5th infantry, on the right flank of the
army, advanced, in obedience to your orders, in line of battle, in
the direction of the enemy, until our batteries were thrown forward
to answer his fire. This fire was received with great firmness by
my command for about half an hour, when it was discovered that
there was a movement of a large body of the enemy's cavalry from
his left, passing around a skirt of woods towards our right flank,
apparently with the intention of turning it. I received orders to
march the regiment in that direction and intercept them; in obe-
dience to which, we moved promptly to the right and rear until we
gained a position which would cover our wagon train, and where I
supposed the enemy must pass. A moment afterward they were
seen approaching along the border of the chapparal, about three
hundred yards from us, and numbering, at the least estimate, over
one thousand of his choicest troops. I immediately caused the
regiment to form square to receive them. As soon as they observed
this disposition on our part they formed for a charge, and came at
a rapid speed along a small morass, some two hundred yards dis-
tant from the first front of our square. Here they turned to the
right, and delivered their fire. 1 was much gratified, at this crisis^,
to observe the cool and determined courage of my officers, and the
encouragement they gave their men to stand firm in their places^,
impressing upon them the importance of maintaining the square.
This was one of those moments which try the discipline and
courage of the true soldier. After delivering his fire, the enemy-
continued to advance with energy and determination until within
forty or fifty ards of our second front. When I ordered this front
to fire, most fatal and decisive was the effect; many of the enemy
fell; the charging column was thrown into disorder and retreated.
While on the retreat, and when about five hundred yards from and
opposite to our first front, they met two guns of their horse artillery
advancing to their support. Here they halted to protect and to
give their artillery an opportunity to fire into our square. At this
opportune moment. Lieutenant Ridgely, who had been ordered to
report to me with two pieces of artillery, was seen approaching
with the guns, his horses at full speed; he opened his fire so
promptly, and with such eff'ect, that the enemy's artillery were
completely routed, and retreated precipitately, under the protection
of their cavalry, without discharging a gun.
1104 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
The gallantry of my officers, and good conduct of my men, were
most conspicuous — all that a commander could desire. The repulse
of the enemy was so signally executed that I trust it had an influ-
ence upon the fortunes of the day. It affords me pleasure to state
that the gallant bearing of Lieutenants Ridgely and French, and
the effective fire of their guns, was a subject of marked admiration;
as also the conduct of Captain Walker with his small command of
Texan rangers. Towards. the close of the day, the 5th infantry,
retaining its position upon the right, was thrown forward, under the
direction of Colonel Twiggs, on the prolongation of the new line
of battle prepared to protect our right flank from a repetition of
ihe enemy's charge. During a portion of this time the enemy's
artillery poured a galling fire into us, from which the men were, in
a measure, sheltered, by being made to sit down, thus allowing many
of their balls to pass over them. While in this position a cannon
shot struck into a squadron of dragoons, moving through a marsh
in front of us, killing some horses and disabling one man. Soon
afterwards. Captain Martin Scott, attracted by his groans to observe
his situation, advanced with, and under a severe fire, and withdrew
him from the mud and water under his horse, and sent him to the
surgeons, by whom his life was saved. Such acts of gallantry and
humanity deserve our acimiration. The 5th regiment occupied this
position until near the close of the action, when it was ordered to
the baggage train, and there reposed upon its arms. To Major
Stainford my thanks are due for his prompt assistance in the field.
I was much gratified with the gallant conduct of Captains Scott,
^(acting as field officer,) Merrill, Smith, Hooe, and Chapman; First
Lieutenants Marcy, Ruggles, Stevenson, Whitall, Deas, (adjutant,)
and Second Lieutenants Fowler, Norwell, Rosecrants, J. P. Smith,
Edmund K. Smith, G. P. Pitcher, and Crittenden, all of whom I
respectlully recommend to your most favorable consideration.
The conduct of the non-commiss'oned officers and men, including
-the regimental band attached to the grenadier company, armed with
muskets, was worthy of all praise.
The strength of the regiment was about three hundred and fifty
aaen, of whom four were severely wounded during the action.
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. S. McINTOSH,
Colonel Brevet United States Army.
Major W. W. S. Bliss,
Assistant Adjutant General^ Army of Occupation^
Monterey^ Mexico.
New York, December 2, 1846.
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of the ser-
vices of the 5t!i regiment of infantry while under ray command, on
the 9th of May last, in the action of Resaca de la Palma.
On the morning of the 9th, our army formed line (the 5th infantry
still occupying the right flank) upon the ground where the battle
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1105
of the 8th had been fought. After advancing a short distance
towards the enemy the arrny was halted, and the 5th infantry
thrown forward into a clump of woods on our right, to ascertain
if the enemy had taken up a new position beyond the woods.
It was soon ascertained that he had retreated towards Fort
Brown, and the army in column of companies, the 5th infantry
in front, put in motion towards that point in pursuit.
This position ofthe regiment was retained until we arrived near
the enemy at Resaca de la Palma, when I was ordered to deploy it
to the left of the road, so as to cover a large portion of the enemy's
line, advance upon him and commence the action. The regiment
extended promptly and marched towards the enemy. When within
about one hundred and fifty yards of them, they opened a fire upon
us with their artillery and small arms; at this time, finding the
regiment had extended too far to the left, I ordered it to close to
the right, and a portion of it crossed over to the right of the road ■
and there engaged the enemy, who occupied a strong position on
the ravine. Thus the regiment was exposed to 'the full force of
the fire of the Mexican array for about fifteen minutes, before any
other infantry, except Captain McCall's advance party, had time to
arrive to its support. During this period, the 5th infantry kept up
a most galling and incessant fire upon the enemy, killing and
wounding many of them, until a squadron of dragoons was ordered
to make a charge, when, immediately afterwards, the regiment
advanced with impetuosity and charged the enemy's line.
The dense chapparel, and a want of knowledge of the ground,
compelled the officers to operate separately and independently, as
it was impossible in extended order to see but few men on the right
and left.
Captains and subalterns led forward their men regardless of con-
cert, and charged a large portion of the enemy's line. Captains
Murrillj Smith, and Hooe, Lieutenants Ruggles, Whitall, Fowler,
and Rosecrants, company commanders, Lieutenants Crittenden and
Edmund K. Smith, with their men, charged his centre and right
with great effect; while Captain Chapman, Lieutenants Marcy and
Stevenson, commanding companies, and Lieutenants Norvell and J.
P. Smith, with their men, charged the left of the enemy's line,
routing him from his first position and taking several prisoners.
Captain Martin Scott, (acting as field officer,) with a small party of
men in conjunction with a portion of Captain McCall's party, ad-
vanced on the enemy's right wing, and engaged in a deadly con-
flict at close quarters for some considerable time before he was re-
inforced. Lieutenant Fowler, who had in the meantime recovered
from the stunning eff'ects of a grape shot sufl!iciently to join in the
conflict, and Capt, E. K. Smith, Lieutenants Rosecrants, Whitall,
Crittenden, and Edmund K. Smith, with their men, engaged the
enemy at some of his guns in the ravine, and carried them. While
the 5lh infantry was thus engaged. Captain Hooe received a grape
shot wound in his sword arm, while gallantly charging a battery at
the head of a few men, on the border of the ravine where the
second line ofthe enemy was posted. This compelled him to leave
70
1106 EiX. Doc. No. 60.
the field. About this time, I encountered in personal combat five
of the enemy, and was overpowered, receiving three bayonet
■wounds, which disabled me from keeping the field, when the com-
mand of the regiment devolved upon Major Stainfo'rd.
The enemy were mostly routed, and five pieces of their artillery
■were captured before I fell.
It is but justice to state, that the co-operation of the 3d and 4th
regiments of infantry, and Captain McCall's advance party, con-
tributed much to our success. There were so many instances of
daring on the part of both oflftcers and men, that I am unable to
designate among them one more deserving than another; and -while
I recommend them to your favorable consideration for distinguished
gallantry, I perform a duty most gratifying to my feelings.
Reports have already been made of the killed and wounded in
that day's action; it is unnecessr.ry for me to advert to it.
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. S. McINTOSH,
Colonel Battalion U. S. Army.
Major W. W. S. Bliss,
A. A. General, Army of Occupation, Monterey, Mexico.
No. 11.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, January 30, 1847.
Sir: I respectfully enclose a report from Brigadier General
Wool, dated the 27th instant, which communicates the unpleasant
intelligence of the capture, by the enemy, of two reconnoitring
parties from the Kentucky and Arkansas regiments of cavalry,
numbering in all about 85 men; also, his report of the 29th, an-
nouncing the capture of another small party from the Kentucky
regiment. It will be perceived that these unfortunate occurrences
have been the direct result of a want of vigilance and disobedience
of orders; it is hoped they may prove a lesson to the troops. The
intelligence from the front is of such a character, as to induce me
to change my head-quarters immediately to Saltillo, for which place
I will march to morrow, with Lieutenant Colonel May's squadron,
two batteries, and the regiment of Mississippi volunteers.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Jirmy, commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, D. C.
Head quarters, Buena Vista,
January 27, 1847.
Major: During the alarms of the approach of the Mexicans upon
Saltillo, I sent Major Borland, with fifty men, to make a recon-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1107
noissance of the San Luis Potosi road, and, if practicable, to go as
far as Encarnacion, about fifty-five miles from Saltillo, for the pur-
pose of ascertaining whether or not the enemy had advanced to
that place, and to return immediately and to report the result of
his observations. He left on the 18th, and arrived at the Encar-
nacion the next morning, but found no troops therej they having left
the morning before. Instead of returning, as ordered, he took the
liberty of halting, and sent an express to Colonel Yell for a rein-
forcement.
Colonel Yell, on receiving the major's application, sends to me
for permission to go with his whole re iment to join the major, and
to go as far as the Salado. I sent the application to iVTajor General
Butler, w^ho refused it, but sent me word by the bearer he would
see me in a few moments. Shortly after, I sent the refusal to
Colonel Yell, The general called at my tent, when I proposed to
send an order for the immediate recall of Major Borland. The
general replied there was no necessity of sending the order, as he
was immediately going to see Colonel Yell, and, if necessary, he
would give the order.
It appears that Major Borland was joined by Major Gaines's and
Captain Clay's compapies, about 30 or 35 strong, who were ordered
by General Butler to make a reconnoissance in the same direction.
They decided at once to continue their reconnoissance as far as the
Saladoj the result of which was the surprise and capture of the
■whole party, by about 500 Mexican cavalry, commanded by Gen-
eral Minon.
It is reported they were surprised early in the morning, while
asleep, with no pickets or sentinels to guard against surprise.
When the report was first received, I did not believe it, and sent
Colonel Yell with a part of his' regiment on the Potosi road, to as-
certain the truth of the report; giving him instructions to be
<;autious, and not to advance too far, with a guard in front and on
the flanks to preevnt a surprise, and to return immediately find re-
port. The colonelj however, proceeded to the Encarnacion, where
he found no troops; an«l was about, contrary to ray orders, to pur-
sue the same course of the major, and to proceed in the direction
of Salado, when he received information from Mexicans of the ap-
proach of General Minon, with 3,000 cavalry. From his account,
he barely escaped being captured.
We have various reports of some 3,000 to 5,000 cavalry and in-
fantry approaching for the purpose ot cutting otf our outposts and
supplies. I cannot believe tbat any troops have advanced beyond
the Encarnacion. I have ordered the troops in front and on the
Palonias road to keep up an active reconnoissance on all the roads
by which the enemy can approach us. I find it, however, difficult
. indeed to induce the volunteers to obey orders, either as pickets,
-sentinels, or as reconnoitring parties. Notwithstanding the recent
capture of Major Borland and party, and the most positive orders
to guard against surprises, t^vo of the outposts had paid no atten-
tion to either, and went to sleep without a sentinel or picketj at
1108 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
least so it has been reported by those I sent to enforce my orders,
and to look out for the enemy.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, &c., &c.,
JOHN E. WOOL,
Brigadier General.
To Major W. W. S. Bliss,
Assistant Adjutant General^
Major Gen. Taylor'' s Head- quarters.
(Endorsement on fourth page of the above letter.)
By your permission I have opened this letter.
W. O. BUTLER,
Major General J Sfc.
Head-quarters, Buena Vista,
January 29, 1847.
General: Since mine of the 27th instant, we have had the usual
nightly alarms of the approach of the enemy. They all come from
Saltillo.
The enemy, undoubtedly, is at Encarnacion, and perhaps small
parties have been within twelve leagues of Saltillo. It is also re-
ported by Mexicans that a considerable number of rancheros have
embodied themselves, and are not far off, laying in wait for any
small reconnoitring parties that may come in their way.
It was reported to me last night that a pa^ty, consisting of
Caplain Heady and seventeen men, Kentucky volunteers, were cap-
tured on the 27th by a party of rancheros, under the following cir-
cumstances: Captain Heady was sent out on a reconnoitring party
by Lieutenant Colonel Fields. When about 12 or 15 miles from
their station, they stopped at a ranche and asked for liquor to
drink. .It was immediately furnished, and in abundance. The men
became intoxicated, and in that condition left the ranche. They
were afterwards captured, and, as reported, without resistance, or
a gun's being fired. I have no idea of the city of Saltillo or the
troops at this place being attacked. I presume, however, until
some decisive measures are taken to check them, our reconnoitring
parties will be in danger, especially if they are not more vigilant
than they have heretofore been.
I have the honor to be, &c.,
JOHN E. WOOL,
Brigadier General.
Major General Taylor,
Commanding the Jirmy of Occupation^
Monterey^ Mexico.
P. S. — As I was not placed in command, but assumed, from a
notice that Major General Butler would be absent four or five days,
the command of the troops at or near Saltillo, hence I do not feel
authorized to make any movement of the troops beyond what I sup-
posed to be the intention of General Butler.
w.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1109
The following is a list of the detachments under Captain Heady.
They left camp on the morning of the 26th, and were captured on
the 27th of January. ^
Captain W. J. Heady,
Lieutenant T. Churchill,
Sergeant J. W. Owings,
Do. L. White,
Corporal James Springer,
Do. George Sharp,
Do. James Kemp,
Private A. Alexander,
Do. G. Bennett,
Do. J. F. Bell,
Do. W. J. Clark,
Do. W. Devisorruandi,
Do. R. Thomas,
Do. D. W. Levan,
Do. J. C. Stalman,
Do. J. Vidits^,
Do. J. Marshall,
Do. W. Thomas,
Interpreter White, Price's company.
E. M. VAUGHN, Adjutant.
February 4, 1847.
No. 12.
• Head- QUARTERS, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Saltillo^ February 4, 1847.
Sir: I respectfully report that I arrived at this place on the Sd
instant, with the troops mentioned in my despatch, No. 11. The en-
emy had been reported in considerable force in this neighborhood,
and the reports of his advance assumed such a positive shape that
I was inducted to«hasten my departure from Monterey. On arriving
here, however, I found everything quiet in our front. The force
which made the recent captures was entirely of cavalry, and is be-
lieved to have fallen back to its first position in the vicinity of Ma-
taquala. Indeed, it is reported that a large portion of the troops
at San Luis have taken the direction of Vera Cruz. I expect to be
advised, in a few days, on this and other points touching the posi-
tion and movements of the enemy.
In order to restore confidence among the volunteer troops, which
•as been a little shaken by the late disasters, and at the same time
to cause the return of the inhabitants of Saltillo, who have been
driven from their homes by the frequent alarms, I propose to estab-
lish a camp at Agua Nueva, 18 miles in advance of this position, to
which point I will remove all the troops, except a select garrison
to hold Saltillo and guard the public stores in that city. My head-
quarters will be changed to that place to-morrow.
1110 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
A detachment of recruits for the 3d infantry, under the command
of Captain Gordon, were left in Monterey when the regular troops
were detached from this quarter to report to Major General Scott.
The batteries which I brought from Victoria, and the two compa-
nies of artillery, (C and E, 1st artillery,) at this place and Saltillo
are greatly reduced, and, as I have no other means of rendering
them effective, I have deemed it a matter of absolute necessity to
attach Captain Gordon's recruits to them, as you will see from my
"special orders," No. 7. Should recruits arrive for those compa-
nies, the men now attached may join their regiment. Nothing but
the most urgent necessity, resulting from the prospect of immediate
service, has caused this temporary assignment. I trust it will not
be disapproved by the department.
From "Agua Nueva" I shall address you more fully in regard to
the state of the service in this quarter. I will also furnish lists of
the volunteers recently captured, &c.
Our latest official date from Washington is December 10, though
newspapers have been received of December 31.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. ^., commanding.
The Adjutant General
Of the armyj Washington, D. C.
No. 13.
Head- QUARTERS, Army or Occupation,
^gua JVueva, 18 miles south of Saltillo, February 7, 1847.
Sir: I changed my head-quarters to this place on the 5th instant,
bringing forward, in the first instance. Lieutenant Colonel May's
squadron of dragoons, two batteries (Sherman's and Bragg's) and
the regiment of Mississippi riflemen. Yesterday, the 2d Kentucky
and 2d and 3d Indiana regiments came up, and will be joined in an-
other day or two by the other troops in and near Saltillo, except
the small garrison of seven companies left in thjt town.
Although advised by Major General Scott to evacuate Saltillo, I
am confirmed in my purpose of holding not only that point, but this
position in its front. Not to speak of the pernicious moral effect
upon volunteer troops of falling back from points which we have
gained, there are powerful military reasons for occupying this ex-
tremity of the pass rather than the other. The scarcity of water
and supplies for a long distance in front compels the enemy either
to risk an engagement in the field or to hold himself aloof from us;
while, if we fell back upon Monterey, he could establish hims^f
strong at Saltillo, and be in position to annoy more effectually our
flanks and our communications.
I have no intelligence from the interior more recent or more au-
thentic than that heretofore communicated. There is understood to
be no considerable force in our front, nor is it likely that any
serious demonstration* will be made in this direction. The fre-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1111
quent alarms since the middle of December, seem to have been
without substantial foundation. I am happy to add, that the pop-
ulation of Saltillo is fast returning to the city. Under the judi-
cious management of Major Warren, a discreet officer of Illinois
volunteers, who commands in the town, it is hoped that the people
may remain quietly in their homes.
I respectfully enclose copies of statements showing the names of
the officers and men recently captured by the enemy, as reported
in my despatch, No 11.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Report of the men captured at Uncarnacion^ belonging to 1st Ken-
tucky volunteers J {cavalry.)
1. Lieutenant Geo. R. Davidson.
2. Corporal John Swigert.
3. Musician James Herring.
4. Private J. G. Baites.
5. " Cyrus Calvert.
Robert Cochran.
Z. Dougherty.
A. W. Holeman.
John A. Scott.
A. Wilkerson.
H. S. Wood.
Wm. Whitehead.
The above are from Captain Milam's company.
13. Wm. L. Paine, second sergeant, from Captain Pennington's
company.
14. Private B. S. Dowell.
15. " Wm. Funk.
John Scott.
James Kenedy.
A. Ware.
J. W. Johnson.
John Magner.
Benj. R. Myers.
Isaac Rodgers.
Wm. Kelly.
The following are from Captain C. M. Clay's company.
24. Captain C. M. Clay.
25. Private Alfred Ayebright.
26. '« David Barry.
27. " A. C. Bryan.
16,
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
1
1112 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
28. Private Benj. Chapman.
John J. Finch.
Harrison Igo.
David C. Jones.
C. E. Morney.
Wm. RatclifFe.
John Richardson.
Jacob Walker.
Privates in the Tennessee regiment of cavalry, sent to Captain
C. M. Clay's company by General Butler.
The above constitute the command under Major John P. Gaines,
■who left camp on the morning of the I8th instant, and who are
said to be captured by the enemy.
E. M. VAUGHN,
Adjutant 1st regiment Kentucky cavalry.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
Camp at La Encantada,
Mexico, January 31, 1847.
The following is a list of the names of the members of the Ar-
kansas regiment, captured at Encarnacion:
1. Major Solon Borland.
2. Captain Christopher C. Danley, company B.
3. 1st Sergeant Simon Cason, Captain Porter's company, A.
4. Farrier James Richmond.
5. Private Robert Adams.
James Crooks.
William T. Edwards.
John Magress.
Moses Nelson.
George Ramsey.
Washington Tuggle.
Oliver P. Bilbey, Captain Danley's company, B.
Emsey Brown.
William Russel.
Ezekiel P. Martin.
Charles S. Mooney.
Paul Williams.
Pulaski Whitten.
i?' 2d Sergeant Charles G. Lyon, Captain Hunter's company, H.
George Underwood.
William J. Reeves. i
William R. Speegle.
Thomas Webb.
Russell Williams, Capt. R. G. Preston's company, H.
Joel W. Curtiss.
Richard Steele.
Richard Huggins.
Thomas Smart, Captain Englishes company, G.
William Montgomery.
6.
u
7.
a
8.
a
9.
li
10.
<(
11.
((
12.
(C
13.
((
14.
a
15.
a
16.
11
17.
li
18.
a
19.
2d S
20.
Priv
21.
{(
22.
((
23.
a
24.
n
25.
ii
26.
((
27.
({
28.
ii
29.
((
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1113
30. Private Joseph Jester.
Stephen Jester.
Anderson Stinton.
Andrad Marshall, Captain Dillard's company, F.
John Finley.
William Holman.
By order of Colonel Yell, commanding Arkansas volunteers.
J. MEARES, Adjutant.
31.
a
32.
i'.
33.
a
34.
u
Sfi
a
14.
Head quarters, Army of Occupation,
Jigua J\'u€vaj February 14, 1847.
Sir: Since my last despatch of February 7th, the occupation of
this position has been completed, . by the arrival of Brigadier Gen-
eral Wool, with the remaining corps left in rear. The troops are
now conveniently encamped, and can readily take up excellent de-
fensive positions when necessary. Every thing is quiet in and about
Saltillo.
I am urging supplies forward as rapidly as practicable from the
rear, and from the direction of Parras, for, if joined by a sufficient
forc£ of the new regiments, I wish to be able to take advantage of
any opportunity that may offer to create a diversion in favor of
Major General Scott's operations. Of those new regiments, none
have yet been reported to me, nor do 1 know how many I may cal-
culate upon, for service in this quarter.
I can communicate no very recent intelligence from the interior.
Up to the 26th of January, the Mexican congress had done nothing
to supply the v/ants of the array, which had received nothing for
January, and but half the necessary funds for December. Rumors
reach our camp, from time to time, of the projected advance of a
Mexican force upon this position, but I think such a movement im-
probable. The command is held at all times in readiness for the
enemy.
I respectfully enclose a continuation of the list of killed, wounded,
and missing, incident to the operations before Monterey, as com-
plete as it can be made from the records in my possession. There
yet remain to be reported the wounded of company A, 3d artillery,
killed and wounded of the 4lh artillery, and killed and wounded
of the 2d (Colonel Wood's) regiment Texas mounted volunteers.
These few remaining names, it is presumed, can be supplied from
the regimental returns or muster rolls, on file in your olfice.
Our last official dates from Washington are to the 10th of Janu-
ary. The mail of yesterday, which brought Washington newspa-
pers as late as the 15th, had nothing from your office.
I am, sir, very repectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major .General U. S. Army^ cGnimanding.
To the Adjutant General of tke Army^
Washington^ D. C.
1114
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Continuation of the list of killed^ wounded^ and missing of the
army of occupation during the operations before Monterey ^ from
September 21 to September 23, 1846.
KILLED.
llamas.
Rank.
S
o
Regiment.
Remarks.
REGULARS.
Private . .
do
C
A
D
E
I
1st artillery.
8th infantry.
1st Tex.m..
do
do
September 21.
do 22.
William Rihl
VOLUNTEERS.
Daniel McCarty
....do....
do 23.
A. W. J. D. Austin
Bugler ..
Corporal.
do 21.
Jno. M. Fullerton
do 21.
WOUNDED.
REGULARS.
Henry Busse
Private . .
do
A
H
A
B
D
D
C
K
I
K
C
F
H
I
I
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
2d artillery.
do
3d artillery.
8th infantry .
do
do
do
do
do
1st Tex.m..
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
.....do
do....'.
do
do
Sept. 23; slightly.
Paul Bunzy
James Lynch
do
Sept. 22; severely;
died of wounds 30.
September 22.
do 21.
Michael Rock
Sergeant.
Thomas Wills
William Marshall
do
do 22.
Richard Riley
Private . .
do
do 23.
Lawrence Tacey
do 23.
James McKnight
do
do 23.
VOLUNTEERS.
R. A. Gillespie
Captain . .
Private . .
do
Sept. 22; mortally;
died of wounds 23.
September 21.
do 23.
John Rabb
N. P. Brownino-
William Casly."
do
do 21.
Jas. B. Barry
Sergeant.
Private . .
Sergeant.
Private . .
do
do 21.
B. F. Keys
do 21.
Chnton De Witt
do 21.
Herman S . Thomas
Sept. 22; mortally;
died of wounds 23.
September 21.
do 21.
Fielding Alston
Oliver Jenkins
do
John Law
do
do 22.
Joel F. Minter
....do....
do 21.
John P. Waters
do
do 21.
G. M. Armstrong"
,...do
do 21.
Gilbert Brush
do
do 22.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Agua Nueva, Fehntarij 14, 1847.
Z. TAYLOR,
. Major General U. S. A., commanding.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1115
No. 16.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Saltilloj February 25, 1847.
Sir: I have respectfully to report that the main Mexican force
is yet at Agua Nueva. Our troops hold the positions which they
have so well defended, and are prepared to receive the enemy
should he venture another attack.
An arrangement has been made with General Santa Anna for an
exchange of prisoners, by which we shall receive all or nearly all
of those captured from us at different times, besides the few taken in
the action of the 23d. Our wounded, as well as those of the Mex-
icans which have fallen into our hands, have been removed to this
place, and are rendered comfortable.
Our loss in the recent action, so far as ascertained, amounts to
264 killed, 450 wounded, and 26 missing. One company of the
.Kentucky cavalry is not included in this statement, its casulties
not being yet reported. I respectfully enclose a list of the com-
missioned officers killed and wounded, embracing many names of
the highest merit.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Arrays commanding.
The Adjutant General,
of the armyy Washington^ D. C.
List of oncers killed and wounded in the action of Buena Vista j
33rf February, 1847.
REGULARS,
General Staff.
Killed ... ."Captain George Lincoln, assistant adjutant general.
Trow7i(Ze(i, .Brevet Second Lieutenant Bryan, topographical en-
gineers.
Company E, 3d artillery.
Wounded . .Second Lieutenant W. G. French, severely.
Company B, 4:th artillery.
Wounded . .First Lieutenant O'Brien, slightly.
Volunteers.
Mississippi rifes.
Killed ....First Lieutenant R. L. Moore.
" Second Lieutenant Francis McNulty.
1116 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Woun'ded . .Colonel Jefferson Davis, severely.
" Captain J. M. Sharp, severely.
" Lieutenant A. B. Convine, slightly.
." Lieutenant Garnet Posey, slightly.
" Lieutenant J. P. Stockan, slightly.
Kentucky Cavalry.
Killed ....Adjutant E. M. Vaughn.
Woxmded. .Oae captain and three lieutenants, names not reported.
.Arkansas cavalry.
Killed .... Colonel Archibald Yell.
" Captain Andrew R. Porter.
Wounded, .hieiiten^int Thomas A. Reader.
S'^cond regiment Kentucky foot.
Killed ....Colonel W. R. McKee.
" Lieutenant Colonel Henry Clay, jr.
'' Captain J. W. Moss.
" Captain W. T. Willis.
Wounded . .hieutensiui E. L. Barber, slightly.
" Lieutenant W. S. Withers, severely.
'' Lieutenant Thos. W. Napier, severely.
Indiana Brigade.
Brigade staff.
WDU7ided . .Brigadier General Joseph Lane, slightly.
Seco?id regiment Indiana foot.
Killed Captain T. B. Kinder.
" Captain Wmf Walker.
*' Lieutenant Thomas C. Parr.
Wounded . .Capisi'in W. L. Sanderson, slightly.
/' Captain John Osborn, '^
" Lieutenant S. W. Cayce, "
" Lieutenant H. Pennington, "
*' Lieutenant David S. Lewis, "
" Lieutenant Joshua Moore, "
" Lieutenant Justin Davis, **
" Lieutenant J. A. Eperson, ''
Third regiment Indiana foot.
Killed ....Captain James Taggart.
Wounded . .M'dior W. A. Gorman, slightly.
" Captain Jno. Sleep, "
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1117
Illinois Brigade.
First regiment Illinois foot.
Killed Colonel Jno. J. Hardin.
'' Captain J. W. Zabriskie.
" Lieutenant Bryan H. Houghton.
Wounded ..Lieutenant Jno. C. McConnell, slightly.
<' Lieutenant Hezekiah Evans, do.
Second regiment Illinois foot.
Killed Captain Woodward.
" Lieutenant A. B. Rountree.
" Lieutenant Fletcher.
<' Lieutenant Ferguson.
" Lieutenant Robbins.
" Lieutenant T. Kelly.
" Lieutenant Bartltson,
" Lieutenant Atherton.
" Lieutenant Price.
TTow/Mfed ..Captain Coffey.
<' Captain Baker.
" Lieutenant Jno. A. Pickett.
" Lieutenant Engleman.
" Lieutenant St^el.
" Lieutenant West.
<' Adjutant Whiteside.
Company Texas volunteers attached to Illinois brigade.
Killed First Lieutenant Campbell. .
" Second Lieutenant Leonhard.
Wounded ..Captain Ccnor. ^ ^ ^ ^^^^^^
Assistant Adjutant General.
Assistant Adjutant General's Office,
Army of Occvpation, Saltillo, February 25, 1847.
War Department, April 3, 1847.
Sir- Your communications of the 24th and 25th of February,
and the 1st of March, announcing the brilliant success of the troops
under your command at Buena Vista, against the forces of the
enemy, vastly superior in numbers, have been laid before the
President, and I am instructed to convey to you his high apprecia-
lion of the distinguished services rendered to the country by your-
self and the officers and soldiers of your command, on that occa-
sion
The victory achieved at Buena ¥ista, while it adds new glory to
our arms, and furnishes new proofs of the valor and .brave daring
1118 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
of our officers and soldiers, will excite the admiration, and call
forth the gratitude, of the nation.
The single fact that five thousand of our troops, nearly all volun-
teers, who, yielding to the impulse of patriotism, had rallied to
their country's standard for a temporary service, were brought into
conflict with an army of twenty thousand, mostly veteran soldiers,
and not only withstood and repulsed the assaults of this numerous
host — led by their most experienced general — but, in a protracted
battle of two days, won a glorious victory, is the most indubitable
evidence of the consummate skill and gallant conduct of our officers,
and the devoted heroism of the troops under their command. It
will ever be a proud distinction to have been in the memorable
battle of Buena Vista.
The general joy which the intelligence of this success of our arms
has spread through the land, is mingled with regret that it has been
obtained at so great a price — that so many heroic men have fallen
in that sanguinary conflict. They died in the intrepid discharge
of a patriotic duty, and will be honored and lamented by a grateful
nation.
You will cause this communication to be published to the troops
under your command.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient ser-
vant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Zachary Taylor, U. S. Armyj
Commanding^ ^'c, Agua JVueva, Mexico.
No. 19.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, March 6, [14] 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to report that I changed" my head-quarters
to this place on the 9th instant, leaving Brigadier General Wool in
command of the troops in front. I brought, with me Lieutenant
Colonel May's squadron of dragoons, Captain Bragg's battery, (of
■which the guns and carriages require renewal,) the Kentucky horse
and the Mississippi regiment. In the meantime, the 2d Ohio has
moved forward and joined General Wool, leaving four companies
under the major, at the^Rinconadar The last advices from the front
represent everything quiet. The Mexican army had halted at
Matahaula, reduced some 7,000 men below the strength in which
it marched from that point against Saltillo. Matahaula is the first
point on its line of retreat where supplies can be obtained.
In a communicati.on from the head-quarters of Major General
Scott, received since the action of Buena Vista, it is suggested,
under the supposition that the "Mexican army had been directed
towards Vera Cruz, that I should manoeuvre offensively against San
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1119
Luis Potosi; and, as the department might now expect the same
thing, I wish to state, distinctly, that, even were my present force
in a condition, in regard to supplies, materiel of artillery, cavalry
and artillery horses, &c., to undertake such an operation, it would,^
iJ^ my judgment, be the height of imprudence to attempt it, with-
out at least two or three thousand regular troops, and those of the
veteran regiments which have seen service.
I regret to say that the communication between this point and
Camargffl has been interrupted since the destruction of the train, on
the 24th ultimo. A strong detachment of infantry marched down
some days since, and to-morrow I shall despatch the Kentucky
cavalry and a piece of artillery in the same direction. We are in
hourly expectation of some arrival from Camargo. We have no
intelligence of the arrival of any of the new volunteer regiments,
and no dates from Washington later than the 1st of February.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Ji., commanding. '
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
No. 20.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey.^ March 15, 1847.
Sir: I respectfully enclose, herewith, a plan of the battle of
Buena Vista, prepared by Captain Linnard, topographical engineers,
from surveys made under his directions by the officers of that corps.
It could not be sent with the report, but will, it is hoped, reach
your office as soon.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General V. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
No. 21.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, March 20, 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to report that, after the departure of Col-
onel Marshall's command on the I5th instant, I was advised that
the enemy's cavalry was in considerable force near Marin, on the
Camargo road. I immediately marched, on the evening of the 15th,
with a mixed command, and reached*Marin early the next morning,
where I joined Colonel Marshall. The enemy had been in his
1120 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
front, watching a train on its way from Camargo, -which encamped
at Ramas, 8 miles from Marin, the night previous, but retired on
our approach in the direction of Cadereita. After communicating
with Colonel Curtis, commander of the escort, I despatched the
train towards Monterey with a portion of the escort, and took u]^
the march, with the remainder, in the direction taken by the ene-
my. We reached Cadereita the following morning, the Mexican
force retiring in the direction of Montemorelos. Not having a suf-
cient mounted force to pursue with any prospect of success, I re-
turned to this place on the I8th instant.
I regret to report that a train despatched hence on the 5th was
attacked near Seralvo, some 40 or 50 wagons destroyed, and several
persons, volunteers and teamsters, were killed. I have, as yet, no
official report of this unfortunate occurrence. The command was
relieved at Seralvo by Colonel Curtis, and, no doubt, reached Ca-
margo safely with the remainder of the train.
To secure properly our communication with the rear, will require
large detachments, employing constantly two regiments, at least,
so long as a force of cavalry infests this part of the country. I'
shall do all in my power to protect the convoys and keep open
the communications.
Of the new regiments of volunteers, only a part of the Virginia
regiment have reported. The remainder is, doubtless, by this time,
at Camargo. I learn, but not officially, that the 2d Mississippi re-
giment, by some misappretiension, has gone to Tampico. Whether
it will be sent back or retained by Gefi. Scott, as was done under
similar circumstances with the South Carolina regiment, remains
to be seen. The Massachusetts and North Carolina regiments had
not arrived at the last advices. Of the Texas regiment, I am ad-
vised that not more than fouj' companies can be raised. They are
probably by this time at Camargo.
We have nothing very authentic from the inteiior. The Mexi-
can army, when last heard of, was yet at Matehaula, and Santa
Anna was said to be making every exertion to recruit it. He does
not, at any rate, seem to be detaching in the direction of Vera
Cruz, relying, perhaps, upon the defences, or upon the troops
already collected in that quarter.
A report has reached us of the arrival of Brig_adier General
Kearny, with a considerable force, at Chihuahua. If such be the
fact, and if General Kearny have orders to join me, it will be a
most seasonable reinforcement; but I do not attach much credit to
the rumor.
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Army^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington, D. C.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1121
No. 22.
#
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ March 20, 1847.
Sir: I beg leave to invite the attention of the departnaent to
some grave considerations connected with the state of things in
that quarter- In so doing,! can hardly doubt that they have already
occurred to the mind of the secretary; but I yet consider it my
duty to bring them specifically to his notice.
Thirteen regiments of volunteers, now serving on this line, will
be entitled to their discharge in two or three months. A very small
portion, if any, of these volunteers, will consent to serve for the
war. To replace this force, we have, so far, at most, four regi-
ments of foot, and part of a regiment of horse. To what extent
this force may be increased by enlistment in the new regular regi-
ments, or by new volunteers yet to be called out, I have not the
means of judging; but, looking to the past, it is not probable that
it will be materially increased before the discharge of the old regi-
ments. With this limited force, it M'ill be physically impossible to
hold the line we now occupy; and I respectfully submit to the de-
partment the advantage snd necessity of issuing instructions to
meet this case; for, if a new line is to be taken up while the enemy
is in our front, it should be done before the discharge of so large a
portion of our force.
The 12 months' volunteers are looking impatiently forward to
the period of their dischar^, and this fact causes me a(>lditional
anxiety, in regard to their replacement.
Although my communications to the department for nearly six
months have received no response, and I am discouraged from pre-
senting my views, I yet feel bound, in the present instance, to do
so, that a serious embarrassment may be provided against in due
time.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z TAYLOR,
Major Gen. U. S. Ji., commanding.
The Adjutant General
Of the Army J Washington, D. C.
War Department, May 6, 1847.
Sir: Some time previous to the receipt of your letter of the 20th
March, measures had been taken here to send forth to the seat of
war troops to take the place of the volunteers whose term of ser-
vice is limited to twelve months. Steps have also been taken,
•under authority of*a recent act of Congress, to re-engage as many
of these volunteers as could be induced to serve to the end of the
war. Though very desirable to have them remain in service, it has
at no time been supposed that the number which might be willing
to do so would be large. The department has, therefore, looked
71
1122 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
lo other sources for obtaining the requisite force to answer the exi-
gencies of the public service.
The adjutant general has been directed to send you a s^atementj
carefully prepared by him, which will inform you of the number
of troops, as nearly as can be ascertained here, now in Mexico and
on the way there, and the destination given to them by orders from
this department. It is expected that those under your immediate
command, will be full ten thousand; and that though,'for a season,
at least, you may lose by the change, yet the arrival of these new
levies and volunteers for the war will fully supply the place of ■
-those who will soon be entitled to a discharge.
In what particular manner this force, as well as the still larger
one which will be under the immediate command of Major General
Scott, shall be employed; how far the movements of the one column
shall be with or without particular reference to the other, cannot
now be determined here, and must, in a great measure, be left to
the discretion and judgment of the general-in-chief commanding iu
Mexico. ■ Having indicated to you the force which has been as-
signed to your command, the government desires your opinion as
to the employment of it, under any probable contingencies, in the
Tvay most effective for the successful prosecution of the war.
Herewith, I send you a copy of a letter of the 30th ultimo, ad-
dressed to Major General Scott, relating to the subject above re-
ferred to. In that communication, it will be observed that he is
instructed to confer with you in regard to your operations, and to
give such directions thereto as the exigencies of the public service
may require. *
The official report of Colonel Doniphan, frcra Chihuahua, of the
4th March, detailing his operations in that quarter, has just
come to hand. By this report, the gratifying intelligence is re-
ceived that, with less than one thousand men under his command,,
he achieved a signal victory over a Mexican force quadruple in
numbers, with a loss of only one man killed and ten wounded,
-while that of the enemy is stated to be about three hundred killed,
and the same number wounded. The effect of this action has been
to disperse the enemy, and to place in our immediate possession
the city and department of Chihuahua. But as the military occu-
pation of that place is not now deemed important, in reference ta
the objects of the war, (the position held by you being in advance
of it,) and could not*be kept up without increased means and ex-
pense, and as the troops which now hold it in possession will soon
be entitled to their discharge, the course you have pursued, in or-
dering them to join the column under your command, meets v/ith
the approbation of the department.
The adjutant general will communicate to you the views of the
government in regard to the course to be pursued in discharging
the volunteers. It is certainly advisable thatn;hey should be kept
together in their company or regimental organization, and sent to
New Orleans, except such as may choose to re-engage for the war^,
and there be paid, and finally discharged. General Scott has inti-
mated his intention to retain those with him on the line of his opera-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1123
tions until the end of the twelve months, regarding the time re-
quired for the returning home from the place of service not to be
included in the term for which they engaged. Such is understood
to have been established by former practice. If, however, those
under your command should insist upon being taken to the place
of dischcirge within the year for which they engaged to serve, it
may not be advisable to resist their claim, especially if there
should be no pressing emergency for retaining them.
I regret to learn, as I do from several of your communications,
that in some instances there has been an extraordinary delay in
the receipt of communications addressed to you from this depart-
ment- With the more important of these, particularly that of the 25th
of November, advising you that Major General Scott had been or-
dered to the seat of war, unusual care was taken to insure its speedy
and safe transmission. On inquiry at the office of the adjutant
general, it does not appear that you have acknowledged the re-
ceipt of it, and I am, therefore, apprehensive that it never reached
you. I herewith send a copy, with an endorsement on it of the
means taken to have it reach you expeditiously. Your communi-
cation of the 3d of March,* addressed directly to me, has been re-
ceived.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding U. S. army at Monterey, Mexico.
No. 23.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, March 22, ]847.
Sir: I deem it my duty to report, somewhat more in detail, the
occurrences attending the interruption of our line of communica-
tion with Camargo, and the service recently rendered by troops on
that line.
Pursuant to previous orders, issued before the advance of the
enemy upon Saltillo became known, the 2d Ohio regiment had
occupied three posts on the line: Colonel Morgan, with com-
panies taking post at Seralvo, Lieutenant Colonel Irwin, with
three at Marin, and Major Wall, with at Punta Aguda. On
the 21st of February, Colonel Morgan was ordered to concentrate
his regiment, and move forward to Monterey. The enemy had al-
xeady begun to infest the road, but Colonel Morgan, who had re-
ceived the order on the night of the 23d, was able to bring up M::-
jor W^all's command, and march the next morning.
On the road he was advised that a train on its way to Monterey,
had been attacked that day, (24th,) near Ramas, and the escort and
* FublisheJ, Doc. 37, 1st session, 30th Congress.
1124' Ex/Doc. No. 60.
drivers, with a few exceptions, killed or made prisoners. On the
morning of the 25th, Colonel Morgan was joined by twenty-five
drivers and wagon masters, who had fled into the hills and es-
caped the fate of their companions. At two o'clock he reached
the scene of the disaster, and found the bodies of forty or more
drivers horribly mutilated, the wagons burning, and several bodies
thrown into the flames. Finding no wounded, the march was con-
tinued to Marin, which was found to be almost deserted. The
enemy's cavalry, under General Urrea, had been before Marin for
two days, and several skirmishes had taken place between them
and Lieutenant Colonel Irwin's command. The arrival from Mon-
terey of a reinforcement of infantry and two field pieces, under
Major Shepherd, 1st Kentucky regiment, had caused the Mexicans
to retire, and relieved Lieutenant Colonel Irwin, who knew nothing
of Colonel Morgan's approach. At Marin, it was ascertained that
the escort of the train (.30 men under Lieutenant Barbour, 1st Ken-
tucky regiment) had been surrounded and captured.
At 12 o'clock at night. Colonel Morgan resumed his march, and
first met the enemy near Agua Fria. Forming his command in
square, and marching in that order, he continued to San Francisco,
having on the road several encounters with the enemy, who at-
tempted, without success, to break his formation. From San Fran-
cisco, a messenger was despatched to Lieutenant Colonel Irwin,
then encamped at this place, who promptly took up the march, and
with two pieces of artillery joined Colonel Morgan, at 11 o'clock,
a. m. The enemy, who had in the mean time continued his attacks,
now made a final eff"ort, but after a sharp action of a few minutes,
was driven back, and retreated from the field.
The loss of Colonel Morgan's corumand in these aff'airs was
three Americans and one friendly Mexican killed, one wagoner
mortally, and one soldier slightly wounded. The enemy is sup-
posed to have sustained a considerable loss, but from the nature of
the engagement, its amount could not be ascertained. We have to
lament the fall of Captain B. F. Graham, assistant quartermaster
in the volunteer service, who was killed in the action after behav-
ing in the most gallant manner.
I would recommend to particular notice the gallant conduct and
energy of Colonel Morgan throughout these operations. Lieuten-
ant Colonel Irwin, Major Wall, and Adjutant Joline, 2d Ohio regi-
ment, and Major Shepherd, are also entitled to notice for good
conduct and valuable services.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. army, commanding.
The Adjutant General
Of the Armyj Washington^ D. C.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1125
No. 25.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ March 28, 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to report that our communications with
the rear are now measurably secure, no interruption having taking
place since that reported on the 20th instant. A train arrived
on the 24th, under escort of the 1st Indiana regiment, and another
is daily expected. It is understood that the regular cavalry of
Urrea has retired from this quarter across the mountains, a natural
result of the retreat of the main army towards San Luis, and of
our precautions to secure the trains.
All is quiet at Saltillo, the troops are in good health, and the
■wounded rapidly recovering. The inhabitants, both there and
here, are generally returning to their homes, aad in the country
are engaged planting their crops.
It is certain that a revolution has broken out in Mexico, directed
against the existing government, and that it was yet in progress
on the 8th instant, Mexican papers of which date have reached
Monterey. I respectfully enclose a copy of a proclamation issued
by General Santa Anna, on the 14th instant, at San Luis Potosi,
from which it appears that he was about leaving for the capital, to
arrest the civil war, detaching, at the same time, a force in the
direction of Vera Cruz. His army is understood to have fallen
back on San Luis.
I receive information that General Kearny, with 1,300 men, has
entered Chihuahua^ after some resistance, being opposed by 2,000.
I know not what faith to place in this intelligence.
Two companies of the North Carolina regiment had reached
Brazos, at the last advices; nothing yet heard of the Massachusetts
regiment, or the rear companies of the Virginia.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z TAYLOR,
Major Gen. U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General,
Of the Army^ Washington^ D. C.
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna^ general de division, benemento de
la patria, presidente interino de la republica, y general-en-gefe
del ejercito del norte, a sus subordinados:
Companeros! didecade enteramente al servicio de la patria,
marchs a tomar las riendas del gobierno, haciendo con esto el mas
costoso sacrificio; pues obro contra mi amor proprio y mis proposi-
tos; pero este paso hara cesar la guerra civil que destroza nuestra
hermosa capital! dara unidad a nuestra defensa, y impulso a la
lucha justisima que sustenenros contra los perfidos invasores y por
la que habeis combatido con tanta bravura y decision en los cam-
pos de la Angostura.
1126 [Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Mis Amigos! nunca olviderar6 vuesiros hechos glorlosos en es
campo de batalla, las penalidades del desierto que habeis arrostrado
con heroica sufrimiento, a sobre todo que tuve el honor de man-
daros. La nacion osdebe una recompensa y la recibireis muy
pronto por mi conducto, aun que no es esto que os estemula, a com-
portaros cenao degrios de la gran Mejico.
Soldados! Lois la esperanza de la patria y sus#nejoras defensores;
debeis pues atender a todas partes e por eso dispongo que dos bri-
gadas de infantaria y una del caballeria con fus baterias correspon-
dientes, marchen a la defensia del estado de Vera Cruz, guar lando
esta frontera el resto del cjercito. Conducidos en todo como hasta
aqui, y jamas demerezcais el nombre ilustre que habeis adquirido.
Voya procuraros cuanto oshace falta para que podeis consuraar la
grande obra que os esta encomendada, y estad seguros que en el
peligro volvereis a ver a vuestro general.
ANT. LOPEZ DE SANTA ANNA.
CuARTEL General de San Luis Potosi,
Marzo 14, de 1847.
No. 26.
Head-quarters, Army or Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ Jipril 3, 1847.
Sir: I have duly received a copy of your communication dated
January 23d, to L. B. Kinton, late captain in the 2d Ohio regiment,
and your unofficial note of January 23d on the same subject.
Captain Kinlon has reported to his colonel; but, as the vacancy
caused by his discharge had been duly filled by an election," the
case was referred to me, and I have felt bound, under all the cir-
cumstances, to decline issuing any order to restore him to his com-
mand.
Upon reference to the files, it appears that Captain Kinton's ap-
plication for leave of absence reached my head-quarters on the I3ih
of December, as I was on the point of marching for Victoria, and
by some inadvertence, incident to the press of business, is supposed
to have been mistaken for a resignation, and orders given ac-
cordingly. Had Captain Kinton, before leaving the country,
notified his colonel and my staff officer of this mistake, it would
have been corrected at once, and no election held to supply his
place; but, in the absence of such correction, the usual course
was taken, and his vacancy filled. As I had authority at any rate
to order discharges in such cases, and as the new incumbent was
legally, and in due form, elected, I do not consider thft I have any
right to displace him. I have advised Colonel Morga:,, however,
that if any arrangement can be made ^ithin the regiment to meet
the wishes of Captain Kinton, without (detriment to the service or
the rights of others, it will receive my sanction.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major Gen. U. S. Ji.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General
Of the Army J Washington^ D. C.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1127
No. 27.*
*'
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ Jipril 4, 1847.
Sir: I have the gratification to enclose several documents this
day received by express from Chihuahua. Although the original of
Colonel Doniphan's report, detailing the decisive victory achieved
by the gallantry of our troops at the Sacramento, and the subse-
quent occ;ipalion of Chihuahua, may reach your office before this
despatch, I deem it best to enclose it, to meet the case of failure,
on the other route.
The copy of Colonel Doniphan's letter to Brigadier General
Wool, of March 20, will inform you of the state of his command
and the embarrassment he feels in his position. As Chihuahua,
can, at any rate, be occupied but a very short time by Colonel
Doniphan's force, which is moreover suffering for want of pay and
many supplies, I shall order it at once to join General Wool at
Sallilio, where its wants can be supplied, and from which point, at
the proper time, it can readily march to Brazos and embark for
!New Orleans for discharge. It will thus be saved many hundred
miles of marching. I am induced to believe that his column is
already on its march from Chihuahua. The traders will have their
election to remain in Chihuahua, or come under protection of the
-column to Saitillo.
The term of service of the Ist Kentucky regiment will expire oa
the 17th of May. a month e^^rlier than that of most of the volun-
teer regiments. I have commenced moving it towards the Brazos,
that it may embark in lime to be mustered out in New Orleans at
the end of its service.
Of the new volunteer regiments, the North Carolina, or a por-
tion of it, has arrived at Matamoras. But three companies have
reported irom Texas.
We have nothing of an authentic character from the interior of
Mexico since General Santa Anna's proclamation of March 14, for-
%varded on the 28th ultimo. It is rumored that General Urrea,
■whose head-quarters are about Linares, has been reinforced, but it
wants confirmation. By means of the new companies from Texas,
I hope soon to be better advised of his position and movements.
Our reconnoissances are pushed as far as Encarnacion, on the Saa
Luis route. Everything is quiet in that quarter.
The last two arrivals have brought nothing official from the Uni-
ted States. Oar last date from your office is February 16, though
we have news from Washington down to the adjournment of Con-
gress.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
' ' -^ ^ Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A., commanding.
The Adjutant General
Of the Armi/f V/ashington, D. C.
1128 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Head-quarters of the Army in Chihuahua
City of Chihuahua^ March 20, 1847. '
Sir: The forces under my command are a portion of the Mis-
souri voiunteers called into service for the purpose of invading
JNew Mexico, under the command of Brigadier General (then Colo-
nel) Rearny After the conquest of New Mexico/and before Gen-
era Kearny's departure for California, information was received
that another regiment and an extra battalion of Missouri volunteers
^ou d follow us to Santa Fe. The service of so large a force being
-wholly unnecessary in that State, I prevailed on General Kearn?
to order my regiment to report to you at this city. The order was
given on tne 23d September, 1846; but after the general arrived at
l^a Joya, Hi tne southern part of the State, he issued an order re-
quiring my regiment to make a campaign into the country inhabited
by the JSavajo Indians, lying between the waters of the Rio del
I^orte and the Rio Colorado of the west. This campaign detained
me until the 14th of December, before our return to the Del Norte
We immediately commenced our march for El Paso del Norte with
about 800 iifleraen. All communication between Chihuahua and
-Wew Mexico was entirely prevented. On the 25th of December,
l«4b, my van guard was attacked at Brazito by the Mexican forces
Irom tnis State; our force was about 450, and 'the force of the ene-
my 1,100; the engagement lasted about forty minutes, when the
enemy fled, leaving 63 killed and since dead, 150 wounded, and
one howitzer, the only piece of artillery in the engagement on
either side On the 29th we entered El Paso without further op-
position. From the prisoners and others I learned that you had
not marched upon this State. I then determined to order a battery
and 100 artillerists from New Mexico. They arrived in El Paso
about the 5th of February, when we took up the line of march for
tills place. A copy of my official report of the battle of Sacra-
mento, enclosed to you, will show you all our subsequent move-
ments, up to our taking military possession of this capital. The day
;of my arrival I had determined to send an express to you forthwith,
Dut the whole intermediate country was in the hands of the enemy
and we were cut off, and had been for many months, from all infor-
mation reepecting the American army. Mexican reports are never
to be lully credited; yet, from all we could learn, we did not doubt
tHat you would be forced by overwhelming numbers to abandon
i^aitilio, and of course we could send no express under such cir-
cumstances. On yesterday we received the first even tolerably
Tellable information that a battle had been fought near Saltillo be-
tween he American and Mexican forces, and that Santa Anna had
probably fallen back on San Luis de Potosi.
My position here is exceedingly embarrassing. In the first place,
inost of the men under my command have been in the service since
xne 1st ot June, and have never received one cent of pay. Their
marches have been hard, especially in the Navajo country, and
no forage; so that they are literally without horses, clothes, or
money— nothing but arms and a disposition to use them. They are
«il volunteers, officers and men, and, although ready for any hard-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1129
ships or danger, are wholly unfit to garrison a town or city. "It is
confusion worse confounded." Having performed a march of more
than 2,000 miles, and their term of service rapidly expiring, they
are restless to join the army under your command. Still we cannot
leave this point safely for some days; the American merchants here
oppose It violently, and have several hundred thousand dollars at
stake. They have sent me a memorial, and my determination hasbeen
made known to them. A copy of both they will send you. Of one
thing it is necessary to inform you: the merchants admit that their
goods could not be sold here in five years; if they go south they
will be as near to the markets of Durango and Zacatecas as they
now are. I am anxious and willing to protect the merchants as far
as practicable; but I protest against remaining here as a mere wa-
gon guard, to garrison a city with troops wholly unfitted for it, and
who will soon be wholly ruined by improper indulgences. Having
been originally ordered to this point, you know the wishes of the
government in relation to it, and of course your orders will be
promptly and cheerfully obeyed. I fear there is ample use for us
with you, and we would greatly prefer joining you before our term
of service expires.
All information relative to my previous operations, present con-
dition, &c.,will be given you by Mr. J. Collins, the bearer of these
despatches. He is a highly honorable gentleman, and was an ama-
teur soldier at Sacramento.
The Mexicans report your late battle as having been entirely fa-
vorable to themselves; but, taking it for granted they never report
the truth, we have fired a salute for our victory in honor of your-
self and General Taylor, presuming, from report, you were both
present.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
A. W. DONIPHAN,
Commanding 1st Reg. Missouri Volunteers.
Should the horses or mules of those bearing this express fail, or
prove unfit to return upon, I have to request that they may be sup-
plied by the government with the proper means of returning.
A. W. DONIPHAN,
Colonel 1st Reg. Missouri Volunteers.
Brig. Gen. Wool, U. S. A.
Head-Quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ April 11, 1847.
Sir: Since my despatch of the 4th instant, nothing has occurred
worthy of note in this quarter.- No mail has arrived from the
United Slates, and we have nothing from the interior upon which
we can fully rely. It is reported that General Santa Anna has
been proclaimed dictator by a part of the army, and that our troops
have advanced as far as the Puente Nacional and even Jalapa. I
1130 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
do not deem it -worth while to repeat the many rumors which reach
us.
By the orders sent in this mail, you will learn the measures taken
to muster out of service the 1st regiment Kentucky volunteers. I
cannot doubt that orders wilTbe given from the department for the
discharge of the great body of the 12 months regiments. I have
selected New Orleans for the place of discharge of the regiment in
question, it being much more economical to the government to dis-
charge it there than in the field.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Army^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ April 20, 1847.
Sir: I have respectfully to acknowledge your communications of
February 26th and 27th; ihe former relative to officers on the sick
list, who may be able to perform light duty, such as recruiting; the
latter, announcing that a detachment of recruits had been sent out
for the companies of artillery.
Captain Steen, Captain Eustis, and Brevet First Lieutenant Plea-
santon, of the 1st dragoons, have recently left for the United States,
and will, probably, be able to render service in the way proposed.
First Lieutenant French, 3d artillery, disabled by a severe wound
received at Buena Vista, is now able to travel, and I have ordered
him to report to you for such duty as he ran perform.
While on this subject, I would respectfully call your attention
to the great scarcity of regular officers in some of the companies
serving on this line, particularly in the arm of artillery, whi^:.h it
is so important fo keep up to the establishment. The rec^ut ap-
pointments and promotions taken from the battery of the 4th artil-
lery (late Washington's) absolutely f\&iy officer on duty with it,
viz: Major Washington, Captains O'Brien and Brent, and Lieuten-
ants Whiting and Couch. Both of Major Webster's subalterns and
one of Captain Prentiss's are likewise removed from their companies,
while Major Bragg, who has at no time had more than two subal-
terns, loses both. Under these circumstances, I have deemed it
necessary to retain on duty, with their companies, until their places
can be filled, all the officers thus removed, whether drsgoons or
artillery, except Major Washington and Captain Donaldson, the
services of the latter being greatly required in the quartermaster's
department. The paramount necessity of this course will be seen,
when it is remembered that I have no means of vppUcing, even
tem.porarily, artillery officers who may be withdrawn from their
companies.
The recruits under Lieutenant Potter have arrived. You will see
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1131
"by my orders that 1 have assigned them all to the three field bat-
teries, (C and E 3d, and B 4th,) a detachment having been sent to
the 1st artillery by the orders of Major General Scott. Notwith-
standing this assignment, two of the light companies are still below
the establishment and short of the necessary strength to man six
pieces in the field. The companies of artillery at Fort Brown and
Camargo (Merchant's 2d and Hunt's 4ih) are of respectable
stren}j;ih, but those at Point Isabel and Brazos island (Scott's 4th
and Capron's 1st) are very weak. The latter, ^particularly, is quite
unequal to the duty of guarding the depots at Brazos and the
mouth of the river. I would respectfslly recommend that 40
recjuits be sent to each of these companies.
The arrival of recruits for the artillery companies enables me to
send to their proper regiment the 3d infantry recruits temporarily
attached to the field batteries. I shall employ Lieutenant Potter
to conduct these recruits to their regiment, together v/ith all other
:iaen in this quarter belonging to General Scott's column.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Ji.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General
Of tike army, Washington , D. C.
No. 33.
Head-quahters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey j Jlpril 21, 1847.
Sir: Since my despatch of April 11, Major Chevallie has reached
this place with a part of his command; the remainder being detached
with a train now on its way up, via China. Agreeably to my or-
ders. Major Chevallie has explored the country between China and
Montemor-jlos, and has ascertained satisfactorily that General Urrea
has lelt that region and has probably re- crossed the mountains.
The communications are now infested only by bands of robbers,
which are very numerous in this country. Our escorts can thus be
reduced much below the strength which it has hitherto been nrces-
sary to employ.
1 learn that Colonel Doniphan is probably by this time at Parras,
on his way from Chihuahua to Saltillo, having anticipated my
orders to march on the latter place.
You will perceive from my orders that we have received authen-
tic intelligence of the fall of Vera Cruz. Our latest date from the
city of Mfxico is March 31, on which day General Santa Anna
issued an address or appeal to the Mexican people. I do not en-
close it, presuming that it will reach you much sooner by Vera Cruz
or Tampico.
It is represented by a person who has just arrived from San Luis
that not more than one-half of General Santa Anna's original force
was saved in the retreat alter the battle of Buena Vistn, and that
1132 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
his march is indicated by the dead strewed along the road for 60
leagues. Nearly all the troops have been withdrawn from San Luis
and the adjacent positions.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General V. S. .i., commanding.
The Adjutant General
Of the army, Washington, D. C.
No. 34.
Head-quartrrs, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, J^pril 25, 1847.
Sir: I respectfully transmit, herewith, the return of regular
troops serving with this army for the month of January.
I have to acknowledge your communication of March IS; copy
of your communication to Brigadier General Cadwalader, of March
20, and of circulars to the colonels of the ^en new regiments, dated
March 17, 20 and 22.
Nothing worthy of report has occurred in this quarter since the
date of my last despatch.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A., commanding.
The Adjutant General
Of the army, Washington, D. C.
No. 36.
Head- quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ May 2, 1847.
Sir: I avail myself of the mail about leaving to say that no-
thing worthy of report has occurred since my last despatch, unless
it be the arrival of a German merchant from Mazatlan, who brings
recent intelligence from California to the effect that there had been
a great deal of fighting in that territory, but no general action; that
Lieutenant Colonel Fremont, just before the arrival of General
Kearny, had been compelled to enter into a capitulation, but that
quiet was restored when this German left California, in February.
He further says that the Americans had lost many officers in the
various combats. Commodore Biddle had arrived on the coast. I
report very briefly the information brought from Mazatlan, thinking
it just possible that it may reach you sooner than by any other
route.
I am very anxiously waiting instructions communicating the
"wishes of the government in regard to this line. Unless I receive
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1133
ailvices before the 15th instant, the approaching discharge of the
twelve months' volunteers will compel me, by that date, to com-
mence the withdrawal of stores from Saltillo, preparatory to the
evacuation of that city. I trust that my communication, of the
20th of March, involving questions of the higl^st impoitance to
the public service, will not remain unanswered.
I am, sir, vety respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major Gen. U. S. Ji., Com.
The Adjutant General
Of the Jirmy^ Washington^ D. C
Orders, ? Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
'^No. 46. ) Camp near Monterey., May 6, 1847.
Under the instructions of the Secretary of War, the commanding
general has the gratification to publish to the troops of his com-
mand the following communication, received by him from the War
Department:
" War Department,
April 3, 1847.
" Sir: Your communications of the 24th and 25th of February, and
the 1st of March, announcing the brilliant success of the troops
tinder your command at Buena Vista, against the forces of the ene-
my, vastly superior in numbers, have been laid before the President,
and I am instructed to convey to you his high appreciation of the
distinguished services rendered to the country, by yourself and the
officers and soldiers of your command on that occasion.
" The victory achieved at Buena Vista, while it adds new o-lory
to our arms, and furnishes new proofs of the valor and brave daring
of our officers and soldiers, will excite the admiration and call
forth the gratitude of the nation.
" The single fact that live thousand of our troops, nearly all vol-
unteers, who, yielding to the impulse of patriotism, had rallied to
their country's standard for a temporary service, were brought into
conflict with an army of twenty thousand, mostly veteran soldiers,
and not only withstood and repulsed the assaults of this numerous
host, led by their most experienced general, but, in a protracted
battle of two days, won a glorious victory, is the most indubitable
evidence of the consummate skill and gallant conduct of our officers,
and the devoted heroism of the troops under their command. It
will ever be a proud distinction to have been in the memorable
battle of Buena Vista.
"The general joy which the intelligence of this success of our
arms has spread through the land, is mingled with regret that it has
been obtained at so great a price, that so many heroic men have
fallen in that sanguinary conflict. They died in the intrepid dis-
charge of a patriotic duty, and will be honored and lamented by a
grateful nation.
1134 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
" You "will cause this communication to be published to the troops
under your command.
" I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient ser-
vant,
<'W. L. MARCY,
0 ' Secretary of War.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLTSS,
Assistant Jidjutant General.
#
Orders, ) Hkad-quartkrs, Arm^of Occupation,
No. 47. \ Camp near Monterey^ May 8, 1847.
The commanding general has the satisfaction of announcing to
the troops of his cotnraami another decisive victory, achieved by
the American forces under Major General Scott, on the 18th of
April, at Cerro Gordo, in the State of Vera Cruz. The Mexican
army, under the immediate orders of General Santa Anna, Presi-
dent of the republic, is known to have been entirely routed, with
the loss of all its artillery and munitions of war.
The army of occupation will hail with joy this brilliant success
of the American army.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLTSS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
No. 37.
IS
in""
sure
Headquarters, Army of Occupation,
Cainp near Monterey^ May 9, 1847.
Sir: The time for the discharge of the twelve months' volunteers
now drawing so near that I am under the necessity, without wait-
y for further instructions from the department, of taking mea-
oures for their muster and discharge. Orders have already been
given for the three Kentucky regiments, and the 1st Mississippi
regiment, to proceed to the mouth of the river for embarkation to
New Orleans.
I have chosen New Orleans as the place of discharge and pay-
ment, for three reasons: first, it is more economical to the govern-
ment to discharge the volunteers at that point than in the fieldj
secondly, it is much more convenient to pay them there, and thirdly,
it is very doubtful whether a sufficient amount of funds wiil be this
side of New" Orleans for their final payment in this country. These
reasons seem conclusive to me, and, unless otherwise instructed, I
shall despatch the remaining twelve months' volunteers in like
manner to New Orleans for discharge and payment.
Colonel Churchill will be ordered to New Orleans to muster ou5
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
t^ie volunteers, and as his duties will be extremely arduous, I have
to request that one or more competent officers will be detailed to
assist him.
I am this day advised, for the first time, that by a decision of the
Secretary of War, the original enrolmenis and musters, made by
S'ate oiiicerf!, are to govern in settling the accounts, and conse-
quently in fixing. the term of service of the twelve months' volun-
teers. This renders it still more urgent to take immediate measures
for their final muster and discharge.
A very small number, if any, of the twelve months' volunteers
serving on this line will be willing to accept service for the war.
It is just probable that a few detached companies may be found,
but even that I think quite doubtful.
I am, s'lTy very respectfully, your obedient obedient,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major Gmeral U. S. Army, commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, D. C.
No. 38.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, May 9, 1847.
Sir: In anticipation of the discharge of the 12 months' volun-
teers, orders have already been given to put several of the regi-
ments in motion for the mouth of the R.io Grande. Others must
soon follow, and all the foot regiments here and in front of Saltiilo
will, in a very short time, be on their way to the United States.
To replace the inftsntry volunteer force at Saliillo and Buena
Vista, now seven regiments, 1 shall employ three of the volunteer
regiments for the war, viz: Virginia, North Carolina, and 2d Mis-
sissippi. In the present aspect of affairs, I consider that force suf-
ficient to hold Saltiilo, at any rate, until it shall be determined
whether a forward movement will be made from that point. I shall
divide the Massachusetts regiment between Monterey and Cerralvo,
placing the head-quarters and six companies in the former city.
•Major Chevallie's battalion of mounted men, as yet but three com-
panies, will be employed where most needed, and will, perhaps,
ultimately be sent forward to relieve the Arkansas horse.
To enable me to m?ke the above arrangements, and thus continue
to hold Saltiilo, I am obliged to draw from Brigadier General Cad-
walader two of the regiments of his command, posting one at
Mataraoras and one at Camargo. I am unwilling to bring forward
any of those regiments from the Rio Grande, until I shall learn the
wishes of the department in regard to operations heie, and the
amount of that force, if any, that will be placed under my orders.
The condition of the country between Saltiilo and San Luis Pctosi,
in regard to water and grass, forbids any forward movement at this
time, even had we the broper force.
1136 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Authentic information of the battle of Cerro Gordo reached my
head-qiiarters yesterday, in the official report of General Canalizo.
There is nothing else of interest from the idterior.
I have to acknowledge the communication of the Secretary of
War of April 3d, which had been duly piblished in orders; your
letter of the same date; copies of your letters to Erigadier General
Cadwalader, of March 27th; to Colonel Davenptrt, of March 24th;
to Lieutenant Cc^nel Talcott, of March 26Lh; and Assistant Sur-
geon Dorris, of March 25th; recruiting circular, of March 24th;
^'general orders," Nos. 12 to 15 inclusive, and "special orders,"
JSTos. 3 and 10.
I am, sir,' very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Army^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington J D. C.
No. 39.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ May 15. 1847.
Sir: " Orders," No. 51, sent by this mail, will advise you of the
final arrangements for discharging the 12 months' volunteers, serv-
ing on this line. It embraces all the force under my orders for that
term of service, except a company of Texas foot volunteers at
Baena Vista, a company of Texas mounted volunteers, stationed at
Larredo, and Colonel Doniphan's command, now at hand. ,
Colonel Churchill is now here, and will leave to-morrow for New
Orleans, to enter upon the duty of discharging the regiments, now
■under orders, from this line. The staff officers appointed by the
President, and now attached to those regiments, have been directed
to report from New Orleans to the chiefs of their departments in
Washington, and at the suggestion of Colonel Churchill, I have
to request that such instructions may be forwarded under cover to
him in that city.
The advance of Colonel Doniphan's column was at Parras, op
the 11th instant, and the entire command will soon be at Saltillo.
Orders will, in due time, be given for its muster and discharge in
New Orleans.
I have no advices from General Scott later than the 24th of
April, nor do T learn anything worthy of report from the interior.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Army, commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, D. C.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1137
No. 40.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ May 16, 1847.
Sir: I have respectfully to acknowledge your comraunicalions of
April 8th, 9th, and 17th; copies of your letters to Major General
Scott, of April 15th; to Brigadier General Cadwalader, of April
18th, and to Colonel Stanton, of April 15th; and "general orders,"
Nos. 16 and 17.
In reply \,o your communication of April 9th, relative to Major
Caldwell, of the voltigue^s, I have to report that the major left
this place, the 14th of March, under instructions from Colonel
Whiting, chief of the quartermaster's department, to purchase
horses in the United States. His address is not known.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Army^ commanding.
The Adjutant General,
of the Army y Washington^ D. C.
[Confidential.]
War Department,
Washington J April 17, 1847.
Sir: I herewith transmit to you for your information the copy
of a confidential letter to Major General Scott. Should there be a
suspension of hostilities under the circumstances contemplated, it
will doubtless be general and embrace your command. In relation
to holding your position, &c., you will regard the instructions to
him as alike applicable to yourself.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY.
Major General Taylor.
Head-quarters, Army or Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, May 16, 1847.
Sir: I respectfully acknowledge the receipt, on the 14th instant,
of your confidential communication of April 17th, covering a copy
of the instructions to Major General Scott, dated April 14th.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A.j commanding.
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War, Washington, D. C.
12
1138 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
No. 41.
#
Head-quarterSj Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, May 23, 1847.
Sir: I respectfully transmit, herewith, a translation of a letter,
received on the l8th instant, from General Mora y Villamil, com-
manding at San Luis Potosi, and a copy of my reply.
Anxious, as I have always been, to avoid unpleasant relations
with the Mexican authorities, yet the extraordinary character of
the communication in question has seemed to demand at my hands
a summary treatment, which will, I trust, receive the approval of
the department.
I have on former occasions alluded to depredations and outrages
committed by the troops of this column. With every disposition
to prevent their occurrence, and the employment of every means in
my power to that end, the undisciplined character of a large por-
tion of the force has led to the commission of many petty depre-
dations and occasional acts of violence towards the ^Mexicans.
"With scarcely an exception, and with none in the latter class of
offences, these have been confined to the volunteer troops.
The irregularities, however, were only occasional and very
limited in extent, until the lOih of February, when a party from
the regiment of Arkansas cavalry, exasperated by the murder of
one of their regiment, left their camp at Agua Nueva, and attackt-d
a number of unarmed Mexicans at Catana, two or three miles dis-
tant, killing and wounding several persons, without regard to age
or sex. Ttie most diligent means were employed, without effect,
to discover the authors of this outrage. I will forward, by another
mail, the proceedings of a military commission and other papers
relating to this subject.
On the 24th of February, one of our trains, as already reported,
was attacked between Ramos and Marin, and a great number of the
drivers inhumanly murdered. On the 28th of March a party
composed, as I have reason to believe, of Texas rangers, teamsters
and other persons, not soldiers, left a train near the above place,
and in a village, some eight miles distant, put to death twenty-four
men. Yet I could not by possibility ascertain what individuals
were concerned in this atrocious massacre. The Mexica.ns who*
Were present were invited to come forward and identify the delin-
quents, but failed to make their appearance, being, doubtless, afraid
that they might incur a similar fate.
It has been my intention to report the above affairs to the depart-
ment, but the hope still of detecting the actors in the latter has
hitherto prevented me. I deem this a proper occasion to refer to
them as the most prominent instances which have occurred, and
which are therefore mentioned in the letter of General Villamil.
"While no one can regret their occurrence more than I do, yet I
have not to reproach myself with the omission of any precaution
to prevent them. "Without a sufficient regular force even to guard
our magazines and depots, I have found it entirely impossible to
Ex. Doc. No. 60 1139
enforce, in all cases, the repeated orders which have been given
against marauding and other irregularities.
In regard to tliat portion of General Villamill's letter which re-
fers to an indemnity exacted from the people, the enclosed copy of
a proclamation, issued by me, will explain itself. I have only to
add that the apportionment was made in good faith among the peo-
ple of New Leon, but that, on the petition of their representatives,
I have consented to suspend the collection of the dues, letting t^e
final decision depend upon the conduct of the people. I have rea-
son to believe that this course has produced a salutary effect.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A.^ comdPg.
The Adjutant General,
Of the Jirmy, Washington, D. C.
[Translation.]
Army of the North, ? Head-quarters at San Luis Potosi,
General-in-chief. ) May 10, 1847.
His excellency the President substitute, who is not indifferent to
the evils suffered by pacific and unarmed men, in consequence of
the unhappy war which the nation finds itself obliged to repel, in
the exercise of its rights, and to sustain its dignity, its decorum, its
independence and the integrity of its territory., is not less sensible
to the fact that the towns and their inoffensive inhabitants suffer de-
vastation, ruin, coiiflagi ation, death and other depredations of sim-
ilar character, which have been permitted on their occupation, by
some of the troops under your commani, whose conduct, at the
present time, is not only opposed to the law of nations, in view of
its unhappy effects, but is contrary to the usages and practices es-
tablished by common consent among all civilized couniries. You
are not ignorant that such practice rejects as an unprofitable bar-
barism all harm committed without an object; you likewise know
that in a war like the present, the governments which carry it on
can never permit or tolerate the indulgence of the troops in every
species of excess, because such conduct, besides enfeebling the best
of causes, discredits the governments, demoralizes the people, mul-
tiplies the calamitous horrors of war, making it in its nature atro-
cious, and, above all, authorizes the always melancholy right of
reprisals.
It does not belong to the undersigned, general-in-chief of the
army, at this time to exhibit to the world the unjust nature of the
aggression; but only to diminish and cause to be diminished, as far
as possible, the sad consequences suffered by the pacific people of
Mexico, from the war waged by the government which you obey.
For this noble end, I have very precise and definite orders from his
excellency the President substitute of the republic, who has in-
structed me to address you, in order that you may state, calegors-
1140 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
cally, in reply, "whether your will and your instructions are to
make war conformably to the law of nations, and as it is prosecu-
ted by civilized countries, or indeed as it is waged by savage tribes
between each other; it being understood that Mexico is disposed
and resolved to accept it, such as it may be proposed and waged;
and that he awaits the result in order to prescribe the consequent
measures."
The Mexican nation, in sustaining its dearest rights, its honor, its
integrity, its respect, does not avoid war, whatever may be its na-
ture, and the greater or less character of ferocity and fury with
which it may be prosecuted by the hostile cabinet; and it has, in
consequence, an indisputable authority to require from the chief of
the enemy's army explanations as to the manner in which it is pro-
posed to carry it on, in order, thereupon, to regulate its future con-
duct. Until this time, you have seen that the Mexican government,
in its self-defence, has shown itself humane, feeling, civilized; and,
on its part, has sought, so far as its control extends, and within the
limits of its power, to avoid that ferocity, that fury, proper only to
the nomadic tribes of its frontiers. It has committed no injury
"without use and without object, and only in an extreme case. But
when it observes, with astonishment and regret, that the treacher-
ous assassinations of Agua Nueva, Catana and Marin have not been
the only ones, and that an unexpected continuation seems to give
or concede authority for the commission of the like; w'hen the ruin,
devastation and conflagration of towns mark every where the march
of the invading army; and wlen, finally, it observes, with no small
surprise, that you consider yourself authorized to impose burdens
upon the defenceless people, as an indemnity for injuries caused by
Mexican troops, in repelling the war which your government has
brought upon Mexico, you can do no less than admit that the supreme
government of the nation may properly require of you, as it now
does through me, the most definitive explanations in regard to your
future conduct, with the view of thereby regulating its own, and
that it may know what to depend upon. I repeat to you that Mex-
ico accepts the war with the character in which it may be presen-
ted; for she is derided rather to cease to exist than to subscribe a
peace of opprobrium and ignominy; but in the straightene'd condi-
tion to which circumstances reduce her, she requires a rule to ob-
serve, and this will be given by your explanations and the conduct
of the troops of your command. If this be well regulated, Mexico
will pursue the same course; but if, contrary to her hopes and de-
sires, depredations and injuries to the people shall continue use-
lessly and without object, then the Mexican republic will make war
in the same manner; and such war, with its consequences, will, in
the judgment of the civilized world, which observes and judges us,
fall upon the nation which provoked, initiated and continues it, in
a manner repugnant to humanity and opposed to civilization.
I yet flatter myself with the hope that these excesses of your
troops, against which the humanity and civilization of the present
age lift their voice, h-ve not reached your knowledge; and I like-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1041
wise expect that, learning them through my instrumentalityj you
■will, with all your authority, oppose an energetic and efficacious
corrective to this torrent of calamities without object.
In communicating this to you, in discharge of my duty and in
fulfilment of my supreme orders, I have, at the same time, the hon-
orable satisfaction of protesting to you my consideration.
God and Liberty!
IGNACIO DE MORA Y VILLAMIL.
Sr. Don Zacarias Taylor,
Major General of the Army of the U. S. of Korth America.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ May 19, 1847.
Sir: I received yesterday your communication of the 10th inst.,
in which you inform me that you are instructed by the president
(substitute) of the republic to address me, in order that I may say,
categorically, in reply, " whether my will and my instructions are
to wage war conformably to the law of nations, and as it is waged
by civilized countries; or, indeed, as savage tribes carry it on be-
tween each other, it being understood that Mexico is disposed and
resolved to accept it, such as it may be proposed and waged; and
that he awaits the result in order to prescribe the consequent mea-
sures."
Were it not that these instructions are communicated by such
highly respectable authority as yourself, I should be slow to be-
lieve that they had ever emanated from the chief magistrate of the
republic, containing, as they do in my judgment, an implied, but
not the less deliberate, insult to me and the government which I
have here the honor to represent. Viewing thern in this light, I
must decline giving the categorical answer required, which I do
with all proper respect for his excellency the president.
But as you have thought proper, in communicating the instruc-
tions of your government, to address me somewhat at length on
the manner in which the war has been prosecuted on my part, I
embrace this opportunity to make a few remarks on that subject.
The outrages to which you have specifically referred became
known to me soon after their occurrence, and I can assure you that
neither yourself nor the president of the republic could have felt
deeper regret than myself on those occasions. Every means in my
power, within the operation of our laws, were employed, but in
most cases in vain, to identify and punish the delinquents. I can-
not suppose you so badly informed as to believe that such atroci-
ties were committed with my connivance or consent, or that they
furnish a fair example of the mode in which the war has been con-
ducted in this part of Mexico. They were in truth unfortunate
exceptions, caused by circumstances beyond my control.
It is proper to inform you that, from the moment the American
army first entered the territory of Mexico, it has sustained losses
1142 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
of individual officers and soldiers, who have been murdered by
Mexicans, sometimes almost within sight of its own camp. An out-
rage of this kind preceded the melancholy atfair at Calana. I do
not recall these facts for the purpose of justifying, in any degree,
the practice of retaliation, for my government is at any rate civil-
ized enough to draw the distinction between the lowest acts of in-
dividuals and the general policy which governs the operations of
an army; but you have chosen to institute a comparison between
our respective governments in their mode of waging war, which
cannot pass unnoticed. In this connexion let it be remembered
that Mexican troops have given to the world the example of kill-
ing wounded men upon the field of battle.
As you have adverted to the call upon the people of these States
to make good the losses sustained by the destruction of one of our
convoys, I beg leave to inform you that that achievement was not
confined to Mexican troops^ but was largely shared by the rancheros
of the country; and that, in the murder and subsequent mutilation
of unarmed drivers, it was marked by an atrocious barbarism un-
precedented in the existing war.
It is with no little pain that I find myself under the necessity of
addressing you in a style which I am seldom obliged to adopt, but
which is fully provoked by the matter and manner of your commu-
nication, objectionable, as I conceive it to be, both in its insinua-
tions and its tone. In regard to the implied threat of reprisals, I
beg you to understand that I hold it at its just v;.lue, and that I
am at all times prepared to meet suitably any policy or any mode
of warfare which the Mexican government or its generals may see
fit to adopt.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General United States Ar^ny^ commanding.
Senor General D. Ignacio Mora y Villamil,
Commanding Army of the JSTorth, San Luis Potosi.
Head-quarters, near Monterey,
March 22, 1847.
The general-in-chief of the American forces to the inhabitants of
Tamaulipas, Nueva Leon, and Coahuila:
When the American troops first crossed the frontier and entered
the above States, it was with the intention, as publicly declared to
you, of m.'jking war, not upon the peaceful citizens of the soil, but
upon the central government of the republic, with a view to obtain
an early and honorable peace.
The undersigned was authorized by his government to levy con-
tributions upon the people for the support of his army, but unwill-
ing to throw the heavy burden of the war upon those who, with
Ex. Doc. No. 60 1143
few exceptions, had manifested a neutral disposition, he has con-
tinued from the first to pay punctually an ' liberally for all sup-
ples drawn from the country for the support of his troops.
He has used every effort to cause the war to bear lightly upon
the people of these States, and he has hoped by this means to re-
tain their confidence, and to assure their neutrality in the strife
between his government and that of Mexico; but he regrets to say,
that his kindness has not been appreciated, but has been met by
acts of hostility and plunder. The citizens of the country, in-
stead of pursuing their avocations q\netly at home, have in armed
bands waylaid the roads, and under the direction and with the sup-
port of government troops, have destroyed trains and murdered
drivers, under circumstances of atrocity which disgrace humanity.
The lives of those who were thus wantonly put to death cannot
be restored; but the undersigned requires from the people of the
country an indemnification for the loss sustained by the destruc-
tion of the trains and the pillage of their contents. To that end
an estimate will be made by the proper officers of the entire loss,
and this loss must be made good either in money or in the products
of the country, by the community at large of the States of Tamau-
lipas and of JSfueva Leon, each district or juzgado paying its just
proportion. It is expected that the rich will bear their full share.
And the undersigned calls upon all good citizens to remain ab-
solutely neutral, and to give no countenance to the bands which
infest the country for the purposes of murder and pillage. It is
his anxious desire to continue the same policy as heretofore, and
he trusts that the course of the citizens will enable him to do so.
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A., commanding.
No. 42.
Head-quarters Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ May 26, 1847.
Sir: Colonel Doniphan's command reached this camp to-day.
You will see by my "orders," No. 59, that it will proceed to New
Orleans for discharge and payment, leaving small detachments to
convey the horses, &c., to Missouri overland.
These troops have not been paid since they entered service, and
although some of them would have preferred to be discharged and
paid on the Rio Grande, it would have been impracticable for the
want of funds.
The American battery which accompanied this column from Mis-
souri has been retained at Saltillo I have permitted the Mexican
guns, trophies of the battle of Sacramento, to be taken to Missou-
ri, where they will be delivered to the governor, subject to the
final orders of the War Department.
1144 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
I respectfully transmit a report by Captain Raid, Missouri vol-
unteers, of an affair with the Lipan Indians, near Parras.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Ji., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ B. C.
Camp at Encantada, May 21, 1847.
Sik: In obedience to your order just received, I have the honor
to report, that whilst lying at the town of Parras on the night of
the , 1 was informed by the citizens of that place, that a
party of some 60 or 70 Indians (Lipans) were in the vicinity, com-
mitting depredations on defenceless citizens, and driving off their
stock to a large amount; and was solicited to go out and rescue
from them some women and children they were said to have taken
from a neighboring ranche.
Considering the good disposition of the people of Parras, gener-
ally, and more especially their kind treatment of our sick soldiery
who had been left among them, I deemed it nothing more than a
fair return for favors received, to render them the assistance and
protection that lay in my power.
Having learned that the Indians must necessarily pass through a
gap in the mountains, some thirty miles back on the road we had
come, at a ranche called the Poso; I started about midnight with
13 men who had volunteered for the service, and reached the ranche
named at daylight; here we posted a sentinel on a commanding
point to watch their approach. At about 10 o'clock, a. m., they
were seen coming, I now ordered the men to mount, but kept
them concealed within the walls of the ranche, whilst with Don
Manuel Ybarra and two Mexican vaqueros, I rode out towards the
Indians, who no sooner saw us, than they gave chase and pursued
us within a few hundred yards of the ranche. I now ordered the
men to sally out, which they did; the Indians returning to the
CaballadOj where they halted for a fight.
\. The first fire of our men was delivered from their horses and was
wholly ineffective, which I am induced to believe encouraged the
Indians to stand better than they would have done. For a short
time the conflict was warm and close, neither party seeming to have
the advantage; several of our horses were wounded by their arrows,
though none of the men, except myself slightly. So soon, how-
ever, as our fire began to tell and their men to fall, they fled in
panic, leaving of their dead upon the field eight, and evidently
carrying off many wounded; of whom seven more were found dead
the next day. We succeeded in taking the whole caballado of
horses and mules, consisting of some 500 head, which we left at
the hacienda of Don Manuel Ybarro. Besides this we released 18
prisoners, women and children, who had been shamefully maltreat-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1145
ed by their captors. It is proper that I should mention here that
Lieutenants Gordon, Winston, and Sprowl, accompanied by some
12 men, came to my aid just before the attack commenced, and to
their gallant, conduct and good service I feel myself greatly in-
debted for the success of the enterprise.
Hoping, sir, that our undertaking may have met your approval,
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JOHN W. REID,
Captain company C^ 1st regiment ^ Mo. Vols.
Brigadier General Wool.
A true copy:
JNO. E. WOOL,
Brigadier General.
No. 43.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Camp near Monterey^ May 27, 1847.
Sir: A fourth company of Texas cavalry for the war, under
Captain Reid, has reported to me, and being filled up here to the
minimum strength, I have directed its muster by Colonel Croghan,
inspector general,
I received yesterday a communication from Captain Howe, 2d
dragoons, commanding at San Antonio, advising me that mounted
troops had been raised in Texas on the call of Colonel Curtis,
made in March, when this army was supposed to be in peril, and
that he had mustered a regiment, (800 strong,) under Colonel Hays,
which marched on the 12th instant from this place.
I at first supposed that this force might be the volunteers for 12
months, organized under the call of the President, as modified in
the Secretary's letter to Governor Henderson, of March 20th; but
a further examination showed that they were called out only for
six months, and were designed to comply in part with the call of
Colonel Curtis, although the emergency which occasioned that call
had notoriously long since passed away. I therefore deemed it
my duty to suspend the movement of this force, and accordingly
issued " orders^' No. 60. I presume that the department has no
intention of employing in the field any volunteers except for the
war, or at least 12 months, and we have, at any rate, no means of
foraging this large force where its services could be usefully em-
ployed.
From the Secretary's letter of March 20th, to Governor Hender-
son, which reaches me through Captain Howe, I learn for the first
time that the supplemental companies of the regiment of Texas
cavalry are not necessarily designed for this army, but will proba-
bly be employed on the frontier of Texas.
Considering that the arrangements for the defence of the Indian
1146 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
frontier of Texas have been confided to the officer commanding
there, who, I perceive, is directed to confer with the governor in
relation to his duties, I have instructed Captain Howe to make
his reports direct to your office, and if superseded by a volunteer
field officer, I have authorized him to leave his station and report
to you in person or by letter, his company, as I understand, being
now broken up.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
Orders, ) Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
No. 60. 5 Camp near Monterey, May 21 j 1847.
Any mounted volunteers from Texas, that may be in route to
join this army, and not mustered for the war or for 12 months, under
the call of the War Department, will return to San Antonio, or
other point of rendezvous, and there be discharged; their services
not being required on this line for a less period than 12 months.
They will be mustered out of service by Captain Howe as they
reach San Antonio.
By order of Major General Taylor:
W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistant Adjutant General.
No. 44.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, May 28, 1847.
Sir: I respectfully acknowledge the receipt, on the 25th instant,
of copies of your communications of April 28 and 30 to Brigadier
General Cadwalader, indicating the organization of his brigade
and the regiments of those lately raised, which are assigned to the
particular column of Major General Scott. I have had no report
from Brigadier General Cadwalader since he received these in-
structions, but have no doubt that he carried them out promptly
and fully.
From the copy of your letter of April 30 to Brigadier General
Hopping, I perceive that his brigade (lOih, 13th, and 16th regi-
ments infantry) is assigned to the column under my orders, and I
infer, though not with certainty, that the 3d dragoons, also, will
form part of my command.
I deem this a suitable occasion to make a few remarks in relation
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1147
to the amount of force left under my orders, and the future opera-
tions on this line.
In eflfectives, our strength wil) not exceed the following:
Regulars.
Artillery proper, (5 companies,) 500
Artillery serving as infantry, (4 companies,) 250
Dragoons, (5 companies, Ibt and 2d,) 300
Dragoons, (3(1 regiment,) 800
Infantry, (lOth, 13th, and 16th,) 1,800
Total of regulars 3,660
Volunteers.
Cavalry, /or the war, (4 companies,) 300
Infantry, /or the war, (4 regiments,) 2,400
Total of volunteers 2,700
Grand total 6,350
The minimum force that should be left to hold this point, Ca-
inargo, Matamoras, and the adjacent stations, is 1,500, but prefer-
ably 2,000 men. Deducting the smaller of these numbers, we shall
have 4,850 men available for active field service; a force quite too
small for operations against San Luis Potosi.
We are not well informed as to the state of preparation for de-
fence and resistance at that city, and it may be that even the lim-
ited force above mentioned, though for the most part entirely new,
could take the place; but it is quite clear that it would be insuf-
ficient to hold it and operate beyond, and yet more, to open and
maintain, as we should probably be obliged to do, a line of commu-
nication with Tampico. Simply to take and hold San Luis with-
out the ability of operating thence, in the direction of the capital,
would be of little utility, while an evacuation of the town would
be, in the highest degree, pernicious.
We should march, therefore, if at all, fully prepared not only to
hold San Luis, and, if necessary, keep up a communication with
Tampico, but also to operate from that place, at least as far asQue-
retaro, a military position of the first importance on the route to
Mexico.
For such purpose, T consider 6,000 effective men the very smallest
force that should be ventured, and in view of the description of
troops, and the entire want of well disciplined infantry of the line,
8,000 men would be few enough to enable us to operate with con-
fidence. The estimate above presented, which isi a li!-)pral one of
the efficient force, say a month or six weeks hence, falls consider-
ably short of the least of the above numbers. What accession of
force may be expected by that time I am not advised, the state-
1148 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
ment, dated April 26, alluded to in your letter of May 3dj not
having come to hand.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Army^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Array^
Washington^ D. C.
No. 45.
Head QUARTERS, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, May 29, 1847.
Sir: In reply to your communication of May 3d, relative to the
staff officers of volunteers, I regret that I cannot make a very satis-
factory reply — much the greater portion of those officers having
already passed down on their way to New Orleans with their
respective regiments. You will have seen, however, that they were
directed to report from that city to the chiefs of their respective
departments, which will afford an opportunity of retaining such as
may be desired.
1 submit, however, memoranda furnished by the chiefs of the
quartermaster, subsistence, and medical departments, which will
probably be useful, and which I approve.
A portion, at least, of the new regiments of volunteers ybr the war
have come into the field provided with staff officers in some of the
absve departments.
I write by this mail to Colonel Churchill, in New Orleans, de-
siring him to furnish your office with an accurate list of all staff
officers serving with the regiments which he is mustering out, and
their respective addresses.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Army, commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, D. C.
No. 47.
Head- QUARTERS, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, June 6, 1847.
Sir: I respectfully enclose herewith the copy of a letter recently
addressed to the staff officer of Major General Scott, touching the
condition of the service in this quarter as relates to the officers of
the companies of artillery.*
*See despatch No. 48. (Correspondence between Major Generals Scott and Taylor, No. 19.)
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1149
I have to request that in the approaching assignment of gradu-
ates from the military academy, a brevet second lieutenant be ar-
ranged, if practicable, to each of the artillery companies on this
line, but particularly those (C and E 3d, and B 4th) serving with
harnessed batteries.
Your attention is also respectfully invited to the condition of the
squadron of the 1st dragoons, now with this column. The recent
casualties in that regiment will remove from the squadron every
officer now with it, except Lieutenant Whittlesey. I shall be
obliged to retain them, perhaps to the prejudice of the service else-
where, unless their places can be supplied. The assignment of a
brevet second lieutenant to each of the companies will, to some ex-
tent, effect that object.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A-j commanding .
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington y D. C.
No. 48.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey ^ June 8, 1847.
Sir: I think it advisable to transmit, for file in your office, copies
of the correspondence betw^een myself and Major General Scott's
head-quarters since his designation for the command in Mexico.
Major General Scott's semi-official note of November 25th, 1846,
is not incl'ided, having been already published, and I preserved no
copy of: 'Hnswer to it, dated December 26th. If a copy of that
reply b your files, I will thank you to furnish me with it.
The , Les enclosed, 19 in number, are as follows:
1. .;.jor Gen. Scott to Major Gen. Taylor, dated Dec. 20, 1846.
2 iajor Gen. Scott to Major Gen. Taylor, dated Jan. 3, 1847,
with enclosure marked A.
3. Major General Scott to Major General Taylor, dated January
6, 1847.
4. Major General Taylor to Lieut, and A. D. C. Scott, dated
January 15, 1847.
5. Major General Taylor to Major General Scott, dated January
15, 1847.
6. Major General Taylor to Lieut, and A. D. C. Scott, dated
January 26, 1847.
7. Lieut, and A. D. C, Scott to Major General Taylor, dated
January 25, 1847.
8. Major General Scott to Major General Taylor, dated January
26, 1847.
9. Major General Taylor to Lieut, and A. D. C. Scott, dated
February 7, 1847.
1150 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
10. Lieut, and A. D. C. Scott to Major General Taylor, dated
February 5, 1847.
11. Lieut, and A. D. C. Scott to Major General Taylor, dated
March 1, 1847.
12. Major General Taylor to Lieut, and A. D. C. Scott, dated
February 13, 1847.
13. Major General Taylor to Lieut, and A. D. C. Scott, dated
March 1, 1847.
14. Major General Taylor to Lieut, and A. D. C. Scott, dated
March 20, 1847.
15. Lieut, and A. D. C. Scott to Major General Taylor, dated
March 17, 1847.
16. Major General Taylor to Lieut, and A. D. C. Scott, dated
April 16, 1847.
17. Major General Scott to Major General Taylor, dated April
24, 1847.
18 Major General Taylor to Lieut, and A. D. C. Scott, dated
May 16, 1847.
19. Major General Taylor to Lieut, and A. D. C. Scott, dated
May 23, 1847.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. ^., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Jlrmy^
Washington^ D. C.
[No. 1.] Head-quarters of the Army,
J^ew Orleans, December 20, 1846,
Sir: I enclose, herewith, a copy of a semi official letter, which
I addressed to you from New York the 25lh ultimo.
A tedious passage only brought me to this place yesterday, and
I now write by a safe conveyance, Captain Montgomery, who sails
in an hour or two. I shall follow the day after to-morrow, in the
steamship Alabama.
The particular expedition I am to conduct is destined againgt
Vera Ciuz, and through it, the castle of San Juan de Ulloa, so as
to open, if we are successful, a new and shorter line of operations
upon the capital of Mexico. •
The first great difficulty is, to get together in time, and afloat off"
the Brazos, a sufficient force to give us a reasonable prospect of
success before the usual period, say the end of March, for the re-
turn of the black vomit on the coast of Mexico.
I have supposed that 15,000 land troops, including five of regu-
lars, and the co-operation of the blockading squadron, desirable, if
not absolutely necessary; but am now inclined to move forward to
the attack, should I be able to assemble the 5,000 regulars, and,
say, three of volunteers.
Of the new regiments of volunteers called for from States, thi»
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1151
side of Texas, I can hardly hope that more than four will reach
the Brazos before the 15th of the next month, the day I have ap-
pointed for that general rendezvous; and \ have supposed that the
descent ought to be made, in sight of Vera Cruz, at an early day
in February. On all those points, and others connected with the
invasion of Mexico, on this side of the continent, your advice is
invited, and will be highly acceptable. Perhaps you may be able
to meet me on the Rio Grande, say at Camargo, or lower down the
river, and I shall send an officer to you at an early day, who will
be able to communicate my views to you in greater detail.
To make up the force for the new expedition, I foresee that I
shall, as I intimated in my letter, of which I enclose a copy, be
obliged to reduce you to the defensive, at the moment when it
would be of the greatest importance to the success of my expedi-
tion that you should be in strength to mancBuvre offensively upon
San Luis de Potosi, &c.
It is not known that Brigadier General Wool's division has yet
joined you, but it is supposed that he is already on your line of
operations.
This letter is written in haste, to enable you to prepare the troops
to be detached from your general command.
Including the regulars and volunteers at Tampico, or on their
way thither, I may now say that I shall want from you, say Worth's
division of regulars, made up to 4,000 men, two field batteries, say
Duncan's and Taylors, and 500 regular cavalry, beside 500 volun-
teer cavalry, and as many volunteer foot as you can possibly spare,
leaving } ou a sufficient force to defend Monterey and maintain
your communications with Camargo, the mouth of the Rio Grande,
and Point Isabel. The whole of this force will be needed at the
latter points by the middle of January.
Until I can communicate with you again, I f@rbear further de-
tails, and remain, with the highest respect, your most obedient
Q p T* Y JV Tl t
WINFIELD SCOTT.
P. S. — Troops at Tampico will be, perhaps, in a more favorable
position for embarkation, as a part of the Vera Cruz expedition,
than if they were at Point Isabel. I propose to leave but a small
garrison at Tampico.
W. S.
Major General Z. Taylob,
U. S. Army^ commanding^ ^c, ^c.
A true copy, received at Victoria, January 16, 1847.
W. W. S. BLISS, A. A. G.
[No. 2,] Head-quarters of the Army,
Cam,argo^ January 3, 1847.
Sir: I received here, soon after my arrival to-day, your letter of
the 26th ullimo, acknowledging mine to you of November 25ih.
* 1152 Ex. Doc. No. 60
I am sorry that mine of the 20th ultimo had not been received
by you, as it would, I think, have brought you back to Monterey.
As it is, I am much embarrassed by your great distance from me-
That circumstance, and the extreme pressure of time, has thrown
me upon the necessity of giving direct instructions, of a very im-
portant character, to your next in command. Please see, herewith,
a copy of my letter to Major General Butler of this date. Should
you be back at Monterey in time, you will consider it addressed to
yourself. A part of it I beg you to carry into execution at Victo-
ria, or wherever else you may be. I allude to the concentration at
Tampico of the troops which marched with Major General Patter-
son from Matamoras, those under Brigadier General Quitman from
Monterey, as well as Brigadier General Twiggs's brigade, which
marched with you, all, as I understand, upon Victoria. Should
you deem a garrison at the latter place indispensable, yo.u will
plense leave one, and also reserve a sufficient escort for your return
to Monterey, or other point in this direction. I will, on my arri-
val there, determine the strength of the garrison to be left at Tam-
pico; but shall be glad to receive your suggestions on this point,
as well as others.
My letter to Major General Butler, herewith, is so full, that I
have but little to add, even if time permitted,
You'will consider yourself as continued in the command you
have so long and so honorably held. I shall not, beyond the neces-
sities of the service, interfere with you. Your reports will be ad-
dressed to me at the Brazos, or Tampico, until I shall be farther
down the coast of Mexico; I mean special, not ordinary reports.
They will, when necessary, be forwarded by me to Washington.
After I may be supposed south of Tampico, you will resume your
general correspondence with the adjutant general of the army, at
the seat of government, and report to me, specially, such matters
as may be of common interest to our two lines of operations, and
I shall reciprocate. Our correspondence with each other ought,
however, to be full, and as rapid as circumstances may permit.
Should I succeed in taking Vera Cruz, and through it, its castle,
the new line of operations upon the capital of Mexico will be
opened. By that time, say towards April, we may both, I hope,
be sufficiently reinforced to advance equally, and to meet some-
where near the goal; which junction, I think, cannot fail to en-
able us to dictate an armistice that will insure a satisfactory treaty
of peace.
While engaged in attacking the harbor of Vera Cruz, I regret,
no less on your account than my own, that you will not be in
strength to manoeuvre offensively upon San Luis de Potosi, and points
beyond. It would greatly favor my enterprise, and your own in-
clinations; but I cannot, on account of the near approach of the
vomito, wait for the new troops (regulars, I hope) which Congress '
may give us. Hence I am compelled, by diminishing your forces,
to reduce you, for a time, to the strict defensive. As I have here-
tofore said, you can afford, and the common service requires it.
i. Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1153
If the troops arrive in time, and I will not anticipate a failure,
I shall leave. the Brazos about the beginning of next month, and
Tampico for Vera Cruz some five days later. All the vessels with
troops, ordnance, and ordnance stores, and other supplies, as they
arrive off, or depart from, the Brazos or Tampico, will be ordered
to the general rendezvous behind the islands of BJanquilla and
Lobos, some fifty miles beyond Ta^npico, said to be an excellent '
harbor. There I shall join them.
I believe my arrangements, of every sort, to be complete, except
that everything depends on my drawing from your command about
5,000 regulars, and thousand volunteers. With these forces,
and adding three or five regiments of new volunteers, (foot,) Prov-
idence may defeat me, but I do not believe the Mexicans can.
With the greatest respect, I remain truly yours,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
To Major General Z. Taylor,
U. S. Army^ commanding^ ^c, ^c.
The original of this letter was never received; being captured on.
the person of Lieutenant Richy, when he was murdered at Villa
Gran. Copies of it and its enclosure were received with No. 3,
January 14, 1847, at camu near Victoria.
W. W. S. BLISS, A. A. G.
True copy of a copy.
W. W. S. BLISS, A. A. G.
A.
[Confidential.]
Head-quarters of the Army,
CamargOy January 3, 1847.
Sir: We are in sight of the above place, and I begin this com-
munication to save time.
Ascending the Rio Grande, I have learned that Major General
Taylor has,°a second time, marched for Victoria from Monterey.
Ii is probnble that he is now near that place.
The coDy of my letter to him of the 20th ultimo, herewith in-
closed, win explain to you my mission, and the necessity I am un-
der of giving you direct the instructions you will find below.
That letter, I learn here, has been criminally delayed by the
olh-er to whom I entrusted it at New Orleans, and hence may not
reach it? address this side of Victoria. A previous letter of mine,
to the same commander, dated November 25th, a copy of which I
also inclose, has, as I have learned, had even a more tedious trans-
•« 73
1154 Ex. Doc. No. GO.
mission. After a detention of some days at New Orleans^ it was
twelve more (on board a steamer) in getting to the Brazos, and
only passed Matamoras the 19th or 20lh ultimo. Hence, I may-
find no communication from Major General Taylor at Camargo,
and hence, probably, his prt-sent absence from Monterey.
I give these details as an indirect apology to him for my neces-
sary interference with his general command, which, otherwise,
"would only be done through him. The apology will, on the first
occasionj be made to him direct.
To capture the city of Vera Cruz, and through it, the castle
of San Juan d'Ulloa, I deem it indispensable, in order to anticipate
the usual return of the black vomit — in March or April — that the
"whole expedition that I am to conduct fhould be afloat off the
Brazos, and off Tampico, in the first week of the next month.
Some three or five of the new regiments of volunteers (n^t the
Texan regiment of horse) will, probably, be up at the former point,
in time to be included; but ray principal force must be drawn trom
the troops now under Msjor General Taylor. Those already at
Tampico, and the greater part assembled at Victoria, may be em-
barked at Tampico, leaving a small garrison at Tampico, and as
an escort to Major General Taylor; and I shall send instructions
for the movement from Victoria upon Tampico. The remaining
numbers needed from the same command, will move to the mouth,
of the Rio Grande, or Point Isabel, in order to embark off the
Brazos. Tampico I suppose to be the better point for embarka-
tion; but the Brazos may be sooner reached, and time is an
element in the expedition as important, perhaps, as the number of
troops to be employed.
Of the number of troops at Tampico, and assembled, or in march
for Victoria — regulars and volunteers — I can form only a very im-
perfect estimate, having seen no returns of a late date. My infor-
mation as 10 the forces at Saltillo, Montery, &c., &c,, is not much
better. I estimate, however, the whole force now under Major
General Taylor's orders to be about 17,000 — seven of regulars, and
ten of volunteers. Two thousand regulars, and five of volun-
teers, 1 suppose — the whole standing on the defensive — to be neces-
sary to hold Monterey, Seralvo, Caniurgo, Reynosa, Matamoras,
Point Isabel, the Brazos, the mouth of the Rio Grande, and Tam-
pico. I do not enumerate Saltillo and Victoria, because I suppose
they may be abandoned or held without hurting or improving the
line of defence I have indicated. I wish to give no definite opinion
as to either, or as to other smaller points? mentioned above, but to
leave them open to the consideration of Major General Taylor, or,
in the first instance, (in his absence,) to yourself; and you are, no
doubt, in possession of his' more retent views.
[Here, (Camargo,) a little while after reaching the landing, I re-
ceived M;)jor General Taylor's letter of the 26th ultimo, acknowl-
edging mine of November 25th. As he says he intends to pro-
ceed to Victoria, the point in the -whole theatre of his operations
the most inaccessible to me, both from this place and Matamoras,
Ex. Doc. No. 6a 1155
T shall pro<"eed with my instiuctions to you, taking care to send
him a copy, with such adcfitions as I may deem necessary.]
You will, therefore, without waiting to hear from Major Gene-
ral Taylor, and without the least unnecessary delay — in order that
they may be in time, as above — put in movement, for the mouth of
the Rio Grande, the t'ollowing troops:
About five hundred regular cavalry, of the 1st and 2i\ regiments
of drag-^ons, including Lieutenant Colonel Kearny's troop.
About five hundred volunteer cavalry. I rely u->on you to ielect
the best.
Two field batteries of regular light artillery, (say,) Duncan's and
Taylor's; and
Fou: thousand regulars on foot, including artillery acting as in-
fantry. The whole under Erevet Brigadier General Worth — about
this time, no doubt, a major general by brevet, and assigned to-
duty according to the latter rank.
In addition, put in movement, for the same point of embarka-
tion, (the Brazos,) and to be there as above, 4,000 rolunteer in-
fantry.
Dedu'-t from the above numbers, regulars and volunteers, as fol-
lows:
The troops at Victoria and at Tarapico, less the garrison, (say ")
500 for the latter place, and the escort that Major General Taylor
may need back to Monterey. And, also, one of the volunteer rcj^i-
ments at, Matamoras; I having ordered Colonel Curiis's rfgiment
to remain there, notwithstanding the arrival of Colonel Drake's to
relieve iiim. Make no other deductions, unless pressed by the im-
mediate presence of the enemy in great force.
Some of those deductions I am myself unable to make from the
want of returns, and other information alluded to above.
Of the volunteers. Major General Patterson, Brigadier Generals
Pillow and Quitman, are at, or in march for, Victoria, which I
suppose to be within easy reach of Tampico in time for my expe-
dition; and Brigadier General Shields is at the latter place. The
President of the United States may appoint other general officers
to the new regiments of volunteers; many of which regiments I
hope will be up in time. In the latter case, I may take four or
five, and leave the remainder to join Major General Taylor.
Should another major general of volunteers be required, I shall be
most happy to avail myself of your services with me, if Major
Gtneral Taylor can spare you, and he be back to Monterey in time;
and, perhaps, if no new appointments to the rank be made, I may
require another rolunteer brigadier general from your present im =
mediate samtLand.
I hope to hi'.hv prtjptly at the Brasos, whither T ^'lall iramedr»
ately go, (slopping one day, p-^rhnps, at Matamoras,) ':hat :he abors
instructions are ia a rapid train of execution. Ttie .r)ips shoula'
.all move with light trains, as they will move apon uple ^-'oiie?.
, shall, in the first instance, take from M-.jor Geanral Taylor^^^
ih-^atre of operation* but a small part of his means of Imd tran-?-
;j3rtation.
1156 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
' Reiving upon your known energy and good faitli, I remain, sir,
with hiffh respect, your most obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Major General W. O. Butler,
U. S. volunteers, commanding, ^c, S^c.
P. S. I expect to be personally at Tarapico, to superintend that
part of my expedition that is to embark tjiere towards the end of
this month.
The whole of the eight regiments of the new foot volunteers
will be up with the Era^os, I hope, by the end of this month.
Major General Taylor may rely upon three, if not four, of tbeni
for his immediate command, and make your calculations for iiim
now, accordingly.
I have supposed above that Brigadier General Wool, and Brevet
Brigadier General Worth, with their troops, to be under your im-
mediate orders. If not already so, you will assume command over
them in order to carry out the above instructions.
W. S.
True copy of a copy:
W. W. S. BLISS, A. A. G.
[No. 3.] Head-quarters of the Army,
Matamoras, January 6, 1847.
Sir: I wrote to you and to Major General Butler, from Camar-
go, three days ago. I think it safer to transmit copies of those
letters to you at Victoria, by Major General Patterson's route from
this place.
Five companies of rifles came with me from New Orleans, and
will remain encamped at the mouth of this river until the arrival
of their horses, left in charge of an officer and ten men per com-
pany, to follow in sail vessels.
I do not at present expect to take those companies with me
against Vera Cruz; but I am very anxious that Colonel P. F.
Smith, of that regiment, should have the command of a brigade of
regulars in the expedition; and if he be brevetted, as I hope he
may be, I shall give him such command. He can embark at Tam-
pico.
Of the officers of engineers, topographical engineers, and ord-
nance, with you, or under your command, I propose to take only
Captain R. Lee, of the first named corps. Colonel Totten, who
will be with mc, desires him, and I shall write to have him sent
down from Saltillo.
Paymaster Kirby, I learn, is with you. If you can spare him,
please instruct him to join me at Tampico. Paymasters Van Bu-
ren and R. H. Hammond are here. The three, and, say, two others,
■iaay suffice for my expedition at the beginning.
Ex. Dec. No. GO. 1157
I have no assistant atVjutant general with me. Probably a new-
one, with the rank of major, rnay be appointed. In the mean time,
I am unwilling to deprive either you, Major General Butler, or
M'rijor General I'atterson, of the major of that department with you
respectively.
It may be that the troops, moving from Victoria upon Tampico,
will be able, to some extent, to avail themselves of the Panuco
river, and I shall, accordingly, if practicable, send some steamers
of a light draught to meet them.
The water on the Rio Grande continues to fall gradually. To-
wards the end of this month it will be difficult for any of the gov-
ernmpnt steamers to ascend as high as Camargo. Hence another
reason for the rapid march of the troops I have called for from
your command from Monterey and Saltillo.
s^, I remain, sir, v*'ith high respect, your most obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Major General Taylor,
United States Army, commanding, 4'"^., ^'c.
A true copy: received January 14, at camp near Victoria.
W. W. S. BLISS,
' ^ Assistant Adjutant General.
[No. 4, [ Head QUARTERS, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Victoria, January 15, 1847,
Sir: The comm.unication of Major General Scott, of the 6th
instant, aciiompanied by copies of his letters of the 3d, to Major
General Butler and myself, was received yesterday. The original
of his letter of the 8d has not yet reacl^d me, nor have I any dates
from Major General Butler later than December 23th. The com-
munication of December 20th has never been received.
I effected a junction with Major General Patterson at this place
on the 4th inst., and have since been awaiting advices from Major
General Scott, not doubting that I should hear from him on his
first arrival at Matamoras, or, perhaps, from Tampico, whither a
confidential messenger was despatched on the Gth. Bat, owing to
the state of supplies, it became necessary to move the command,
and a movement was accordingly ordered in the direction of Tam-
pico. The regular troops, under Brigadier General Twiggs,
marched yesterday. The brigades of Major General Patterson's
division ip.arch to-day and to-morrow. This force will reach Tam-
pico by the 25th instant, or soon after.
The enclosed return will exhibit the entire force now in route, or
about marching on TarapicOj from this point. I have retained
Lieutenant Colonel May's sjjuadron as part of my escort to Mon-
terey, antl also the Mississippi regiment, partly as escort to head-
quarters and partly to guard a train of supplies just arrived from
Matamoras, and which I deem it unnecessary to send forward to
Tampico. No troops will be left in garrison here.
1158 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
As I presume that General Butler, under Lis instructions, has
ordered the batteries of General Worth's command to march with
it to the mouth of tiie river, and as I infer from those sam.e instruc-
tions that not more than two batteries are required by Major Gen-
eral Scott, I have directed the return to Monterey of Captains
Bragg's and Sherman's. If I have mistaken his wishes in this mat-
ter, I beg to be advised without delay, as the batteries may scill
join him in time.
To the troops, regular and volunteer, marching hence on Tam-
pico, may be added perhaps 300 artillery of Colonel Gates's bat-
talion, and the Alabama regiment, about 500 strong. The Ten-
nesifi»e horse will more than till General Scott's requisition for vol-
unteer cavalry.
Not knowing the action taken by Major General Butler, under
the instructions of the general-in-chief, I cannot now write more
fully". On reaching Monterey I may he able to give my views in
regard to the wants of the service on the defensive line which it is
proposed to hold.
I respectfulFy enclose a return of the regular troops of the army
of occupation for November. Since its date some 600 recruits have
joined, exclusive of such ntwly organized companies (rifle or other
corps) as may have recently arrived.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General United States Army^ commanding.
Lieutenant H. L. Scott,
Aid-de-camp^ or Chief of the Staffs
Major General Scott^s head-quarters, Brazos Island.
A true copy:
^ W. W. S. BLISS,
Assistaiit Adjutant General.
JNo. 5.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, [ Victoria,^ January 15, 1847.
Sir: In a communication addressed this day to your staff officer,
I have replied to so much of your letter, of the 6th instant, and its
enclosures, as relates to points of detailj but there are other and
grave topics embraced in those communications, to which I deem
it my right and my duty to reply directly. #
The amount of force to be withdrawn from this frontier, and the
manner in which it is proposed to withdraw it, had never fully
come to my knowledge until yesterday, though hinted at in your
note of November 25th. Had you, general, relieved me at once in
the whole command, and assigned me to duty under your orders, or
allowed me to retire from the field, be assured that no complaint
■would have been ht^ard from me. But while almost every man of
my regular force, and half the volunteers, (now in respectable dis-
cipline,) are wilhdri;v,n for distant service, it seems that I am ex-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1159
pectedj -with less than a thousand regulars anJ a voiunleer force,
partly of new levies, to hold a defensive line, while a large army
of more than 20,000 is in luy front.
1 speak only of a defensive linf, for the idea of as«!uming offen-
sive operations in the direction of San Luis, by March, or ev«^n Mav,
with such troops as can then be at my disposition, is quite too pre-
posterous to be entertained for a moment. After all that I have
written to the department on the subject of such operations, T find,
it difficult to believe that I am seriously expected lo undertake them,
■with the extraordinary limited means placed at my disposal.
I cannot misunderstand the object of the arrangements indicated
in your letters. I feel that I have lost the confidence of the gov--
ernmentjOr it would not have suffered me to remain up to this time
ignorant of its intentions, when so vitally affecting interests com-
mitted to my charge. But- however much I may feel, personally,
mortified and outrsged at the course pursued, unprecede.^lrd, at
least, in our own history, I will carry out in good faith, while I
remain in Mexico, the views of the government, though I may be
sacrificed in the effort.
I deeply regret to find in your letters of January 3, to Major
General Butler and myself, an allusion to my position here, which.
I cannot but consider as an insinuation that I have put myself,
willingly, out of the reach of your communications. 1 beg leave
t© remark that the movement of the troops in this direction, and
my own march hither, were undertaken for public reasons, fully set
forth in njy reports to the adjutant general; one of them being my
desire to place in position for embarkation to Vera Cruz, should
the government order an expedition to that point, the force (2,000
regulars and 2,000 volunteers) which I reported might be spared
for that service.
I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient
servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Ji.j commanding.
Major General Winfield Scott,
Commanding U. S. Army^ Brazos Island^ Texas,
true copy
W. W. S. BLISS,
A. A. General.
[No. 6.] Head-quakters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ January 26, 1847.
Sir: I respectfully report my arrival at this place on the 24th.
instant. After I had left my camp, near Victoria, I received Major
General Scott's letter of December 20, and was advised, at the same
time, of the murder of Lieutenant Richey, 5th infantry, and the
loss of despatches convened by that ofiicer.
1160 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
It seems that on reaching the town of Villa Gran, on the 13th
instant, Lieutenant Richey separated himself from his escort, for
the purpose of purchasing provisions and foragej that he was
assaulted by a gang of desperadoes, lassoed, and brutally put to
death. He had been despatched to my head-quarters by Major
General Butler, with some communications, the most important being
General Scott's original instructions to me of January 3d. Those in-
structions, with other despatches found on Lieutenant Richey's per-
son, were doubtless forwarded to San Luis. Every effort was made
by the offer of rewards, &c., to recover the despatches, and appre-
hend the murderers, but, it is feared, without success. I have, how-
ever, in custody a Mexican, who is unquestionably criminated in
the affair.
On reaching this place, I found that Major General Butler had
punctually carried out the instructions of the general-in-chief.
The recruits for the 3d infantry, however, were retained here, and
I only wait advices from General Scott's head-quarters to put them
in march for the mouth of the river.
We hear from the interior that General Santa Anna has certainly
been elected president, and Gomez Farias, vice president of the
republic. The former, at the last advices from San Luis, had gone
thence to the capital.^ The army is represented to be suffering for
want of supplies, and the Congress seems unwilling or unable to
Tote the necessary appropriations.
From the direction of Durango, we learn that an action took place
at the Paso del Norte, between a detachment of ti^oops from Santa
Fe and a Mexican force, which had marched from Chihuahua, re-
sulting in the defeat and dispersion of the latter, with considerable
loss. It is presumed that our troops are now in possession of
Chihuahua.
I am, sir, very respectfully, vour obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A.^ commanding.
Lieutenant H. L. Scott,
Aid-de-camp^ or chief of stojfj Major Ge?ierul iScotfs
Head-quarters J Brazos Santiago. ^
A true copy:
W. W. S. BLISS,
A. A. G.
[No. 7,] Head- QUARTERS of the Army,
Brazos San lago, January 25, 1847.
Sir: Major General Scott has instructed me to request tliat you
^ould order the detachment of recruits for the 3d infantry, under
Captain Gordon, now at Monterey, to the mouth of the Rio Grande,
"unless the detachment has been incorporated into some body of
Ex. Doc. No. GO. 1131
troops under your command. In the latter case, it is the desire of
the general that the regiment should remain with you,
I am further instructed to request, that you will please order to
the mouth of the Rio Grande, thence to join their regiments, any
detachments, within the limits of your command, or convalescents
ahle to travel, or men otherwise separated from regimenls belong-
ing to the more immediate command of Maj.or General Scott.
I have the honor to be, very re^-pectfully, your obedient $ervantj
H. L. SCOTT,
A. A. Ji. G.
Maj. Gen. Z. Taylor,
JJ. S. Army, commandiiig, 4*c., §v:., Monterey.
A true copy: Tcceived February 7.
W. W. S. BLISS,
M. Jl. G.
[No. 8.] Head-quarters of the Army,
Brazos Sa7i lago, January 26, 1847.
Sir: I have received your two letters of the 15th instant.
There are some expressions in those letters, which, as I wish to
forget them, I shall not specify or recall.
You intimate a preference for service, in my particular expedition,
to remaining in your present position with greatly reduced num-
bers. I can most truly respond that to take you with me, as second
in command, would contribute greatly to my personal delight, and,
I confidently believe, to the success of that expedition. But I
could not propose it to you, for two reasons, either of which was
conclusive with me, at the moment: 1. I thought you would be
left in a higher and more responsible position where you are, and,
2. I knew that it was not contemplated by the government to su-
persede you in, or to take you from, that immediate command.
If I had been within er.sy reach of you at the time I called for
troops from your line of operations, I should, as I had previously
assured you, have consulted you fully on all points; and, probably,
might have m.odified my call, bothas to number and description
of the forces to be taken from, or to be left with you. As it was,
I had to act promptly, and, to a considerable extent, in the dark.
All this, I think, will be apparent to you, when you shall review
my letters.
I hope I have left, or shall leave you, including the new volun-
teers who will soon be up, a competent force to defend the head
oi your line (Monterey) and its communications with the depots in
tliis neighborhood. To enable yoii to do this more certainly, I
must ask you to abandon Saitillo, and to made no detachments,
except lor reconnoismnces and immediate defence, much beyond
Monterey. I know this to be the wish of the government, founded
on reasons in which I concur; among them, that the enemy intends
to operate against small detachments and posts.
11G2 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
I fear that I may ue delayed herej or ?t Tampico, in embarking
troops, til], perhaps, the 10th of the next month, waiting for tran-
sports; and cigain, a few days more, at the general rencKzvous, be-
hind thf island of Lobo5, waiting for some of the volimteer regi-
ment's, b' ats for debarkation, ordnance tnd ordnance stores.
Finding that Colonel Smith, with two companies of his rifle
regiment, are at Tampico, or in its neighborhood. I shall take with
rae hie seven companies, now near the raouth of the Rio Giande,
and, ptnhaps, Colonel Curtis's regiment of Ohio volunteers, detained
at Ma'-amoras. My uncertainty, in respect to the latter, refers to
the nurp.btr of new regiments of volunteers that may arrive in time
GiT the bar for my expedition. I shall not take with me Captain
Hunter's company of the 2d dragoons, as it is dismounted. There
will, however, be horses for it here in perhaps a week. I shall
leave instructions for him, when mounted, to ascend the river to
Camargo, to mret your orders. No guard will be left by me at the
mouth of the Rio Grande. I give you this information that you
may place a detachment there, at your own discretion.
I have the honor to remain, sir, with great respect, your most
obedient servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
P. S. I beg you to make my official acknowledgments to Major
General Butler, for the promptitude and zeal displayed by hira in
your temporary absence, in detaching the troops I called for in my
despatch to him, of the 3d instant. The greater part, if not the
whole, of those troops are now below Matamoras.
Major General Z. Taylor,
U. S. Army,, commanding 2d army corps.
A tiue copy: received February 7.
W. W. S. BLISS,
A. Ji. G.
[No. 9.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Agua JYuevaj February 7, 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the communication ©f
Major General Scott, dated January 26th, yours of the 25th of that
m-onth, and a file of orders issued from the head-quarters of the
array at Brazos Santiago.
In reply to so much of General Scott's letter as relates to the
evacuation of Saltillo, I beg leave to say that I consider the occu-
pation of that city, or rather a position in its front, as ecsentiai to
the due defence of the line which I am now reduced to hold. I
have, therefore, established a camp at this point, eighteen miles ia
advance of Saltillo, and shall concentrate here all the troops in
front, except a small garrison left in that city. It is my purpose
to hold this position, unless I am positively ordered to fall back by
the government at Washington, to which my views and the posi-
tion of affairs here are fully communicated.
Ex. Doc. No. GO. * 1163
About the time of my return to the city of Monterey, two reeon-
noitiin^- parties from tiic Kentucky p.nd Arkansas regiments of ca-
valry, commanded respectively Ivy Majors Gaines and Borland, of
those regiments, having effec^led a" junction at Encarnacion, f^ome
thirty miUs in advance of this position, were surprised by a large
parfy of Mexican cavalry and taken prisoneis; one mnn only effect-
ing iiis escape, on the following day. A small party of Kentucky
cavalry, under Captain Heady, which was sent cut to gain informa-
tion ol the tirst detachment, v.-as also i;urprised and captured a day
or two afterwards. Tliese captijfes include nearly one hundred of-
ficers and men. F(om the information we have received, there can
be no doubt that they all resulted from carelessness and want of
vigilance; and, in the first instance, at least, from direct disobe-
dience of orders.
The frequent alarms in this quarter, since the middle of Decem-
ber, seem to have had no substantial foundation. The only force
"which has approached this position *has been the one of cavalry
■which made the above captures and which was distinctly invited,
by the extreme want of caution of our own parties. It is under-
stood that that force has fallen back to Malaguula, and it is even
reported that large detachments have been made from San Luis in
the direction of Vera Cruz, which I think not improbable.
You will perceive from my '' special orders," No. 7, that the de-
tachment of recruits, under Captain Gordon, at least so much of it
as came forward to Monterey, has been temporarily distributed
among the artillery companies, serving in this quarter. Those
companies, except Captain Washington's had becnj-ie so much re-
duced in effectives as to render some immediate measures necessary
to make them efficient for field service; and I deemed the necessi-
ties of the case, and the great importance of the arm of artillery
in my present position, sufficient to warrant me in retaining the re-
cruits. Should recruits for the artillery arrive, (and I have ad-
dressed the adjutant general on the subject,) those now " tempora-
rily attached" to companies, in this quarter, will be sent to join
their proper regiment.
Before I left Monterey, orders had been given, by Major General
JButler, for all cdnvalescents, &c., to proceed to their regiments
below, under the command of Major Alexander, 1st Tennessee vol-
unteers. This detachment included the men ot Lieutenant Kear-
ny's company, who were sent as Lieutenant Richey's escort to Vic-
toria. Most of their horses had been broken down on that route.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR.
Major General V. S. A.^ commanding.
Lieutenant H. L. Scott,
A. D. C, or chief of the staff, Major General Scoffs
Head-quarters^ Brazos Santiago.
A true copy:
W. W. S. BLTSS,
A. A. G.
11G4 ' Ex. Doc. No. 60.
[No. 10.] Head-quakters of the Army,
Brazos Santiago^ Fehrnary 15, 1847.
Sir: I have tiie honor to ackn'owledge the receipt of your com-
muuicatioii of the 26tk ultimo, reporting your arrival at iVlontereyj
the murder of Lieutenant Richey, and t.he loss of despatches en-
tru-'ted to hina, &c., &c.
Previous to the receipt of your communication, a well authenti-
cated report of the murder of Lieuteirant Richey had reached Major
General Scott, who has instructed me to communicate for your in-
formation the following extract from his despatch, of the 4th in-
stant, to the Secretary of War: " If Lieuten'ant Richey (reported
among the slain) had not time to destroy the despatches about his
person, (which is highly improbable.) General Santa Anna, at San
Luis de Potosi, had them, no doubt, in four days after their cap-
ture! It is consequently more then probable that, before this time,
the greater part of the Mexican army, lately assembled at San Luis
de Potosi, has reached Vera Cruz or its vicinity. Major General
Taylor's mind has, no doubt, ere this, arrived at the same conclu-
sion; and I shall write to suggest to him, at his own discretion, the
advantage of manceuvring offensively, in the direciion of San Luis
de Potosi, after being partially reinforced with some of the new
regim.ents of volunteers. The suggestions would be unnecessary,
but for the intimations he has received to stand on the defensive.'*
General orders. No. 6, of the 39th ultimo, herewith, will have
made you acquainted with the proportion of new volunteers allotted
at that date to you; and the following extract from the despatch o'f
the general-in- chief to the Secretary of War, of the 4th instant,
explains his views in making that allotment, as weLJ as the subse-
quent circumstances that have changed it: "Lam becoming ex-
ceedingly anxious for the arrival of all the vessels that are due.
The season for operations on the coast is already short, and I am
personally w^anted at Tampico and Lobos. I cannot, however,
leave here without some certainty as to the *ncar approach of
essentials.
^' The 1st Pennsylvania regiment of volunteers, the Louisiana
volunteers, and a part of the New York volunteers, had passed this
place before my general orders No. 6, of the 30th ultimo. At
date, I intended to take wilii me four regiments of the new volun-
teers only, leaving the remainder for Major General Taylor. The
three mentioned being up, in w^hole or in part, were ordered to
Lobos; .and v/ishing, as far as practicable, to keep regiments of the
same State t-Ogether, the 2d Pennsylvania was designated (in orders
No. 6) to follow, making the four regiments. This regiment and
the 2d Mississippi v/"ere then known to be at New Orleans, where
they have been detained, I learn, by an unusual, degree of sick-
ness. When the latter comes up, it will go, under that order, to
Join the Ist Mississippi regiment, with Maj^r General Taylor.
" But a fifth, the South Carolina regiment, has, by some mistake
at New Orleans, sailed, I learn, direct from Mobile for Lobos,
This I do not no>i\' regret, as information received yesterday makes
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
1165
it necessary that tlie expedition I am to conduct should be aug-
mented to the utmost within my power."
I enclose, herewith, special orders, No. 21, detaching two assis-
tant surgeons, from Matamoros, for service with Brigadier General
Worth's division. The great deficiency of medical officers with the
troops rendered this order necessaryj and the general-in-chief has
instructed the senior surgeon at Matamoras to supply any necessary
additional medical aid that may he required at his general hospital
by hiring plijsicians. Colonel Clarke, commanding at Matamoras,
and Major Gardner, commanding Point Isabel, have also been or-
dered, at their own request, to join their respective regiments.
Captain Hunter's company, 2d dragoons, will, as soon as it has
been mounted, rejoin your command. Colonel Curtis's Ohio reo-i-
ment, on the 28th ultimo, also received instructions from the gen-
eral-in-chief to comply with the 0"ders it had received, previous
to its detention at Matamoras by Major General Scott.
On the 31st ultimo, the general-in-chief instructed the command-
ing officer at Matamoras not to allow certain goods, belonging to
the commercial house of Charles Udhe & Co., of Matamoras, which
<.ii;pui3ii, u 11 111 uiic i-icv^iDiuii ui iiic tJCi_ictaiy yj i tuc Xitc:t>Uiy, IIUW
daily to be expected, sliall be received. This order was given in
consequence "of its being alleged that those goods were now de-
manded by the marshall of Texas, in order to be transferred to
Galveston for adjudication, although they were never landed on
the left bank of the Rio Grande, and, therefore, it may be, never
within the limits of Texas.
The foregoing statement embraces every case in v,rhich the gen-
eral-ia-chief has exercised any direct authority within the limiis of
your command, except in cases heretofore communicated to you,
and excepting that Major C. Thomas, quartermaster, who accompa-
nied Brigadier General' Worth, has been relieved from, duty M'ith
General Worth's division, and ordered to Matamoras ; and that
Captain Cross, A. Q. M., has been assigned to duty with that di-
vision.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
H. L. SCOTT,
M. A. A. G.
P. S, Major General Scott has desired me to add that but one
transport has yet arrived for the troops to be embarked at this
place and Tampico, though all arc daily expected. «
I have the honor to be, &c., &c..
H. L. SCOTT,
A. A. A. G.
Major General Z. Taylor,
U. S. A., rommanding^ Sfc, ^'c, fyc, Motitcrey, Mexico.
A true copy:
W. W. S. BLISS,
A. A. G.
11G6
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
[No. 11.] IIead-qtjarters of the Army,
Brazos Santiago^ Fehrv^ry 13, 1847.
Sir: I am instructed by Major General Scott to say, that, by the
time Captain Washington's harnessed battery, of the 4th artillery,
can reach Vera Cruz, he hopes to be in a condition to advance into
the interior of Mexico, when the battery will be highly usti'ul to
him. He dtsices, therefore, that you will order that company to
this place, tu follow him.
I am further instructed to say, that the general is still in the
midst of uncertainties concerning the approach of new volunteers,
transports, ordnance, ordnance stores. &c. He is very desirous of
being at Tamp'co, where his presence is much needed, as well as at
Lobes; but he cannot leave this })lace, until it is at -least certain
that a sufficient number of transports will arrive for the embarka-
tion of iirevet Brigadier General Woith's brigade. But one regi-
ment, the 8th, or rather the greater part of it, has yet been era-
barked. Four ships are, however, reported as ofT this bar, although
they have not yet come to anchor. Should they prove to be trans-
ports, the general-in chief hopes that Brevet Brigadier General
Worth's brigade may be einbarked in a few days, and that he, with
some 300 men, will be able to leave here in the steamer Massachu-
setts to-morrow
Htfore leaving Washington in November last, the rreneral-in-
chief t^-\ fixed upon the ]5th of January as the day'on which it
was rcsirable that transport ships, with supplies, &c., for his ex-
pedition, should be here. Tea of those transports were to come
from the Atlantic ports, and the remainder from New Orleans. But
one has yet ?rrive)l, (Irom New Orleans,) and that was at once
despatched with the 8ih infantry to Lobos. The delay of those
from the Atlantic ports renders it now unsafe to count upon them,
and every effort has, consequently, been made to render ressels olT
the Brazos available lor this purpose. Procuring water casks, in
sufficient numbers, has been one great difficulty, which has only
been partially surmounted. By our last -advices from New Or-
leans, received the 9th instant, the ships, after great delays in get-
ting crews, were nearly ready to sail, so that we may confidently
L^-,je that a part of the transports will not be much longer delpyed.
The ordnance and ordnance stores for the contemplated expedi-
tion are yet mostly behind.
You will have received general orders, Nos. 15, 16, and 17, dated
respectively the 9i;h, llth, and 12th instant. Captain Merchant's
comp;iny, required by general orders. No. 15, to replace Captain
Lowd's*iit Fort Brown, has just gone up the Rio Grande.
The special ordters, herewilh, together with the enclosed copy of
a letter to Colonel Drake, CLauiniUiding at Matamoras, embrace all
other cases in which the general-in-chief has eAcrclse;! any direct
auteorily over your cotniaand, since the date of ray letter of the
5th instant.
The detachment of Liiuienant Colonel May's squa^'r^ja of dra-
goons, brought by Brevet Brigadier Genera! Wor*h to the laiouth
the Rio Grande, under the suppcsitioa tkat the gcuadior. \TOuJd sooa
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1167
follow, the genoral-in-chief h;is ordered to join their companies at
Monterey; and he was pleaseil to lenin, through Captain Graljam,
your intention that the detachmijnt of Kearnj's troop, lelt behind,
should soon follow their company. The quartermaster at this place
will have instructions to forward all detachments, belonging to the
more immediate command of Major General Scott, that have been
separated from their regiments or conapanies, upon their arrival
here.
I have the honor to be, very respectful]), your most obedient
servant,
H. L. SCOTT,
A. A. A. General.
Major General Z. Taylor,
U. S. Army^ commanding .^ ife., ^'c, Monterey.
A t
rue copy:
W. W. S. BLISS, A. A. G.
[No. 12.] Head-quartep.s. Army of Occufation,
Agtca JY'neva, February 13, 1847.
Sir: The joint resolution of Congress, of w^hich I enclose, here-
with, a copy, was transmitted by the President on the 19ih of I^o-
■vember, and received by roe while en route to Victoria, i^early all
the troops interested in the resolution bein;' now withdrawn from
my immediate command, I cannot comply with the instructions of
the President, to communicate to them tha first two resolutions.
It still seems proper that they should hnd a place in the records of
the different regiments and corps, and I have, accordingly, to re-
quest that you will promulgate, in such ma'Viner as Major General
Scott may approve, the resolutions in question, te all the troops
serving under his orders, that participated in the service of the
army on the Rio Grande in May last.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A., c&mmanding.
Lieutenant H. L. Scott,
A. D. C, or chief of the staff.
Major General ScoU'^s head-quarters .^
Expeditiun against Vera Cruz.
A true copy;
Vv. W. S. BLISS, A. A. G.
1168 Ex. Doc. No. GO.
[No. 13.] Head-quarters, Aemy of Occupation,
Jigua Kueva^ March 1, 1847.
Sir: I have the honor to report, for the information of the gen-
eral-in-chief, that, having received information which left no doubt
that the enemy was assembling in very heavy force at Encarnacion,
30 miles in my front, under the immediate orders of General Santa
Anna, I broke up my camp at this place, on the 21st of February,
and took up a strong position, about seven miles in front of Sal-
tillo. The enemy made his appearance on the 22d, and at 11
o'clock of that day I received from General Santa Anna a sum-
mons to surrender at discretion, which I declined. The action was
commenced in the afternoon, between the light troops on the left
of our position, and was resumed the following morning; the entmy
making a heavy effort to force our left flank. A succession of ob-
stinate contests ensued, until night put an end to the batlle. The
enemy was repulsed in every effort to force our line, and finally
withdrew, under cover of the night, to the position of Agua Nueva.
His rear column evacuated this place on the 27th of February, and
his entire army is now in retreat towards San Luis, greatly disor-
ganized. It is not probable that he will make another effort in
this direction, or that the troops v.'hich fought here, and v.'hich are
corapletejy deaioralized, can render efHcient service at any other
point.
Our force in the field, at the commencement of the action, did
not exceed 4,500 men, while that of the enemy, as stated by Gen-
eral Santa Anna in his summons, and confirraeri from many sources,
was 20j000, with from 15 to 20 pieces of artillery, some of them of
heavy calibre. Our loss, so far as ascertained, is 264 killed, 450
•wounded, and 26 missing. That of the enemy is moderately esti-
mated at 1,500 killed and wounded, and v/ili probably reach 2,000,
})esides a great number of deserters. We took a sufficient number
of prisoners to ransom all those now in the hands of the Mexicans,
and arrangements for their exchange have been made.
Among our killed are many officers of distinguished merit: Cap-
tain Lincoln, assistant adjutant general; Colonel Hardin, Illinois
"volunteers; Colonel McKee, and Lieutenant Colonel Clay, Ken-
tucky volunteers, and Colonel Yell, Arkansas volunteers, are the
most conspicuous. Captain Lincoln was the only regular officer
killed. Captain Steen, 1st dragoons, and Lieutenant French, 3d
artillery, were severely wounded. I write in haste, as the express
is about leaving.
I an^ sir, very respectful iy, ycur obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Mcjor Gen. U. S. A., commanding.
Lieut. H. L. Scott,
A. D. C, or chief of the staff,
Major Gen. Scoit^s head- quarters.
A tiue cony.
W. W. S. BLLSS, A. A. G.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1169
»
[No. 14.] Head-quarters, Army or Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ March 20, 1847.
Sir: In reply to so much of your communication of February 13
as relates to despatching Captain Washington's battery to Vera
Cruz, I beg leave to say that I cannot possibly dispense with the
services of that battery on this line, and must, therefore, decline
sending it as desired. With the enemy still in our front, that bat-
tery is as essential to us as it was in the action of February 23,
when we should inevitably have been defeated had our artillery
been less numerous or less efficient than it was.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Army^ commanding.
Lieutenant H. L. Scott,
A. D: C.^ or Chief the Staff,
Maj. Gen. Scotth Head- quarters, Mexico.
•>q i; " ..hi?. ;^
[No. 15.] Head-quarters of the Army,
Camp Washington, before Vera Cruz, March 17, 1847.
General: I am instructed by the general-in-chief to transmit his
general orders announcing to this army your recent victory over
Santa Anna. The general-in-chief desires briefly to add his hearty
congratulations to yourself and army; for comment on such glorious
results would be superfluous.
In the afternoon of the 9th instant, the army before Vera Cruz
eff"ected a descent on the coast near Sacrificios, from the open sea,
and about two and a half miles from the city and castle of Vera
Cruz, under the ineff'ectual fire of both. No direct opposition was
off'ered at the landing; but the troops had some skirmishing in
taking up the line of investment.
At the time of landing, not one wagon or mule was up, and but
two-sevenths of the ordnance. Since then, we have had norther
upon norther to contend with, and have only succeeded in landing
subsistence for immediate consumption, some camp equipage, and
the light batteries.
To-day is clear, and we hope rapidly to complete the necessary
work preliminary to opening our batteries upon the town and
castle. Great labors have already been performed by the troops in
opening and occupying our lines of seven miles in extent over dif-
ficult sand hills and through dense chapparel.
From intercepted despatches we learn that the enemy number
5,000 men in Vtra Cruz, besides the garrison of the castle, and are
scant of provisions in the former. The castle has supplies for some
weeks.
The garrison left at Tampico consists of the Louisiana regiment,
Maryland and District of Columbia battalion, and a company of
United States artillery, about 1,200 in all, under Colonel Gates, 3d
artillery.
74
1170 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
We have had authentic accounts of a revolution in the city of
Mexico, and the discord between the contending factions seems as
yet not to be allayed.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
H. L. SCOTT, A. A. A. G.
Major General Z. Taylor,
V. S. Armyy commanding, Sfc, ^c, &-c.
A true copy: received April 12.
W. W. S. BLISS, A. A. G.
[No. 16.1 Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, April 16, 1847.
Sir: I respectfully acknowledge the receipt of your communica-
tion of March 17, with which we likewise received authentic intel-
ligence of the capture of Vera Cruz.
As I consider it possible that the general-in- chief may have ex-
pected offensive operations on niy part in the direction of San Luis,
after the result of the battle of Buena Vista, I desire to state that,
•without a nucleus, say, 2,000 or 3,000 men, of regular infantry, in-
ured to war, such operations over an extensive line, destitue of sup-
plies, would, in my judgment, have been uncertain and hazardous
in the extreme. This opinion has been communicated to the De-
partment of War.
But leaving aside considerations growing out of the description
of troops, it is proper to remark that a large force is now constantly
employed in keeping open our communications with the Rio
Grande, which were at one time entirely cut off by the cavalry of
General Urrea. Heavy escorts of cavalry and foot, with occasion-
ally a piece of artillery, are sent with the weekly trains, thus with-
drawing a large and efficient force from any service in front.
I trustj however, that the recent service of this army in front of
Saltillo, though of a defensive character, will yet have had the
effect of a strong diversion in favor of the operations from Vera
Cruz.
I have the gratification to report that a column of Missouri
Tolunteers, under Colonel Doniphan, entered Chihuahua on the 1st
of March, after defeating the Mexican troops with great slaughter
on the previous day at the Sacramento river. Our force was but
924 men, with 6 pieces of volunteer artillery, under Major Clark
and Captain Weightman. The Mexicajis numbered from 3,500 to
4,000, and occupied an entrenched position with 10 pieces of
artillery. Their loss was 300 killed and 500 wounded, while ours
was very trifling — 1 man killed, 1 mortally, and 7 otherwise
wounded. This disparity of loss seems incredible; but I hare it
from the oflicial report of Colonci Dp:,\pinr.. Tiiat c2?.cer "^ras
ordered to report to General Wool, and his men are groaily Ai viaii'i
of supplies. I have ordered the command to Sallillo, deeming imn
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1171
their best route to the United States. It has become, therefore, a
matter of necessity to evacuate Chihuahua.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A.^ commanding.
Lieut. H. L. Scott, A. A. A. G.,
Major General ScolVs Head-quarters.
A true copy:
W. W. S. BLISS, A. A. G.
[No. n.] Jalapa, April 24, 1847.
My dear General: I am wishing to communicate with you and
in the smallest space. I hear with joy that you are at San Luis de
Potosi, and, perhaps, in full march near the capital. May continued
success attend you! This array has added something' to the glory
obtained by yours. General orders. No. 80, I hope to send with
this note. Delayed at Vera Cruz by the want of transportation, we
began to advance the 8th instant, and obtained, the 18ih, at the
pass of Cerro Gordo, (21 miles below,) a signal victory; 3,000 pri-
soners and twice as many small arms, 43 pieces of artillery, 7
colors, 5 generals, (besides one killed,) ammunition, &c ,&c. Your
old prisoner, La Vega, is gone again to the United Stales. Santa
Anna, Canalizo, Ampudia, &c., &c., escaped. The pursuit was
vigorous. Some stores were taken here; some abandoned artillery,
at La Hoya, a terrible pass, 10 miles ahead; and at Perote 66 pieces,
ammunition, &c., &c. Mexico has no longer an army. The foot
is nearly dissolved, or certainly much dispersed, and perhaps there
are not 15 guns in Mexico, and on this side. Oar advance is in
the castle of Perote. Thence to the capital hardly a show of re-
sistance is to be expected. Yet we cannot, at once, advance in
force. We are obliged to look to the rear. The yellow fever at
Vera Cruz and on the road, 50 miles this way, may soon cut us oflf
from our depot. Deep sand, disease and bands of exasperated
rancheros constitute difficulties. With an inadequate train we are
endeavoring upon get here essentials, before heat and disease cut us
off from Vera Cruz. Our cavalry is already meagre, and, from es-
corting, becoming daily more so. Worth, however, will march
from Perote upon Puebla, in a day or two, to be replacefl by Pat-
terson or Twiggs. We shall follow, and be with th(^ .ulvance, aa
soon as the essentials are secured; ammunition, medicines, clothino-
(all behind,) salt, &c., &c. A small siege train, and half ammuni-
tion, are up. We must subsist on the country, payincr lor what is
hrought in, &c. I am much embarrassed with the old volunteers
in reference to their return, through the yellow fever, if late in
May, or in June, and I am wholly ignorant of the approach of the
new regiments lately authorized. The discharge of the former
depends on the approach of the latter, and the movement of each
»ay be arrested by the vom,ito. Yet depots, along the line of 375
1172 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
miles, will be needed, and a cempetent fighting force at the head of
operations. When I may advance beyond Puebla is, therefore, yet
doubtful. I shall feel my way according to information. The re-
sources of the country are not abundant, or not near the road, ex-
cept to a limited extent. If I were sure that you were at San Luis
de Potosi, and in a condition to advance,! should see my way rather
better. I do not mean in respect to fighting dangers, for I doubt
whether we (or either of us) will have another siege or battle; but
in respect to overtures for a peace or an armistice. As yet no such
overture has been heard of. An armistice, if strictly observed by
the enemy, would give security to our line of communications with
main depots, but still liable to be cut off from the principal and
nearer one (Vera Cruz) by yellow fever there, and for fifty"«miles
this side. Within that distance I doubt whether I can hazard a
depot or garrison. I suppose that your occupation of San Luis de
Potosi and advances upon the capital might increase the chances
of a peace or an armistice; but many intelligent persons believe
that to occupy the capital and fifty other important points would
net end the war, and that the enemy, with an army, would still
hold out and operate against our trains, small parties and stragglers,
with rancheros on the guerrilla plan. Let me hear from you by the
return of the bearer, and by others as you may. I am only allowed
this small piece of paper, to be concealed.
Most truly yours,
Major General Taylor, ^'c, ^■c, ^~c
A true copy: received May 14.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
W. W. S. BLISS, A. A. G.
[No. 18.] Head-quarters, Army of Occupation, Hr
Camp near Monterey, May 16, 1847.,
Sir: I had the honor, on the 14th instant, to receive the commu-
nication of Major General Scott, dated April 24th, at Jalapa. It
was brought as far as Tampico by a courier, and despatched thence
via the Brazos and Camargo. I am compelled likewise to send
my answer by the Brazos.
I beg you to convey to Major General Scott my sincerest con-
gratulations, and those of this division of the army, upon the bril-
liant victory of Cerro Gordo. I had the satisfaction to announce
it in orders on the 8th instant, having that day seen the official re-
port of General Canalizo. We all trust that this decisive blow
may incline the enemy to peace.
I regret to find that the general-in-chief seems to have expected
an early forward movement of this column upon San Luis Potosi.
In my communication of April 16th, I distinctly said that such
movement was not to be expected with the means then at my dis-
posal. It will be recollected that nearly my entire force at that
time consisted of twelve months' volunteers, save a few companies
of regular artillery and dragoons. The four regiments of volun-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1173
teer infantry for the. war, assigned to this line, were extremely
tardy in their arrival, and one of them (2d Mississippi) was and
still is disabled by disease. Of the Texas cavalry, but three com-
panies have been raised. My whole dependence, then, has been
upon the twelv-e months' volunteers. Admitting that it were pru-
dent to penetrate as far as San Luis, with an infantry force of that
description, yet the early period of their discharge would have im-
posed the necessity of a speedy return, and consequent evacuation
of the place. An occupation, under such circumstances, would of
course lead to no good result, and I deemed it best to make no
demonstration upon San Luis until we should be prepared to hold
it permanently.
I have adverted above only to the difficulties arising from the
description of troops on this line and their early discharge. Other
and serious obstacles to a march on San Luis exist at this time,
there being a scarcity of water on the road, and absolutely no for-
age or grass for our animals. With every disposition, therefore,
to co-operate with the general-in-chief, and contribute, however
little, to the common result, I have so far been prevented by cir-
cumstances from making any forward movement.
The new regular regiments have begun to arrive at the Brazos.
To enable us to hold this point and Saltillo, after the departure of
the twelve months' volunteers, (now beginning to fall back,) I
have been obliged to call on Brigadier General Cadwalader, com-
manding these new levies, for two regiments to hold the river.
Until I learn what portion of this additional force will be placed
under my orders for operations in this direction, I shall make no
further draft upon it, presuming that at least some of the regiments
"will receive orders for Vera Cruz. In the meantime, General Cad-
walader is instructed to establish a healthy camp of instruction,
perhaps near Mier, and to obey promptly and to the fullest extent
any requisition for troops which he may receive from General
Scott's head-quarters.
If troops enough shall be placed under my orders to enable me
to organize a column of 6,000 men, I will advance on San Luis as
soon as I can be sure of finding forage, or at least grass, on the
route. Our cavalry and artillery are getting into excellent condi-
tion for service.
All is quiet in this quarter. Colonel Doniphan's command is
near Saltillo, his advance being at Parras on the 11th instant.
The approaching discharge of his men obliged him to evacuate
Chihuahua.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Ji., commanding.
Lieutenant H. L. Scott,
j3. ^sst. Adj. Gen.y Major General Scott's
Head- quarters, via Vera Cruz.
A true copy:
W. W. S. BLISS, A. A. G.
1174
[No. 19.
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Heaij-quakteks, Akmy oj- Occupation,
(Jump near Monterey, May 23, 1847.
Sik: 1 b<'g leave to cal! your attention to the condition of some
of the artillery coinpanies serving on this line, in regard to subal-
terns, and to request that the general-in chief will order such a»-
gignruents an 1 transfers as "will render efficient at least the har-
nessed batteries.
1. Captain Sherman's battery (3d artillery) has but one of its
firfst lieutenants (JJrevet Captain Thomas) serving uith it. Lieu-
tenant Reynolds, who is doing duty in that capacity, belongs to
another company. Lieutenant lieekwith, the junior firt^t lieutenant,
its understood to be at Tainpico. Second Lieutenant French is ab-
sent— wounded. This battery is now increased to the full comple-
Doent of men and pieces, and requires at least three subalterns.
2. Brevet Mnjor Bragg's battery ('3d artillery) has but one of its
proper tsuballerns (Captain Shover) serving with it, and he will be
removed by promotion in the place of Major Vinton. Lieutenant
Kilburn, thougli doing duty with the battery, does not belong to it.
First Lm uten-.iut Johnson (K. W.) arjd Second Lieutenant Andrews
(fjeo. F.) have never joined, J respectfully request that they may
be ordered at on<e to join, ancl that Lieutenant Kilburn niay be
permanently transferred to the company in place of the first lieuten-
ant promoted, vice Shover. This battery has likewise been in-
creased to its complement of men and guns.
3. ('aptiiin I)« as's battery (4th artillery) has both of its first lieu-
tenants (()' JJricn ancl JJrent) transferred to the staff. I have to re-
quest that two a( tive ^uba!lernK of that grade be transferred to the
company, one of which might be first Lieutenant Whiting, now do-
ing <!uiy with it.
4. Companies C and E, 1st artillery, are also deficient in ofTicers,
particularly the former, which has but one subaltern serving with
jt, (Lieutcrtant Howen,) and he belongs to another company.
I shall rc(juest the acljutynt general to assign a brevet second
lieutenant from the new class to eaclj of the above companies, or at
any rate, the first three. In the meantime, I have been compelled
to retain on duty on this line several of the officers transferred to
the staff, an<l all those transferri'd to companies serving elsewhere,
liaving no meatis of even tenij)orarily filling their places. The ne-
cessity of a full ( omplement of officers in the batteries is greatly
increased by the fad that they have been filled up by the arrival
of recruits to the limit allowed by law.
I am, sir, very resjx'ctfully , your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major (itincral U. S. Jl., commanding.
Lieutenant H. L. ScoTT,
Jhting Jlsit. Jidj. Gen.f Major (ieneral Scotfs
Head quarters, via Vera (Jruz.
'h'-
^'
Kx. Ihw \o m.
nri
Nft. 40.
II»:\o QCARrKRH, AuMT or Ocr (JtATion,
('amp mar Montnty^ Junr ft, 1847,
Siii: In t>\Ay t<> ^o inuch of your tomtnunitHUfin of M^y 6th %n
fi-l.ifrji to Ihi: (li«f;lj.irK«r of lh»! 12 moolhs' Volantftrfa, I hav« r«-
sp(M ttully to ita'p tbiit the waoi oT l'»ini!.«i to pay nil thotc voltin*
i^ I Ji k ItiTS li»T»*, or on the Hio Ornodf, niul thv. flt^irulty oT r.Ointrolling
Uii . thera after the cxfuration of lbt»r tmn of nvtvir.f.^ renHfrrH it i>e-
i^f/) i! (.««s<iiy to take C't.ly mfriiHijriM for Ibcir ilijicUargr in New OrUan*)
.i«i I havr all «-•'»«!> liitd oc.caMion to nport, parrit^iilarl y in my r.om-
louiiiciilioit ot May Uth, to wttch 1 (>«■(( 1»:av«: to refrr you.
Captrtin I'ik«-'<t <i«{Udftron of ArkaoiiAit caVnlry bit't brf-n rlm^rharf^i^fl
at thi« piitctr, and tn«: lint 4tnil 2<I tfi'imv.ut* of tllinoiA volimt*!(-rii
will hf. ttin%ii'tt'<\ out at (^arn^ir^o. Th«: rrmainder of the ArkanK^t
rr|»iin«:rj' will lik»;wiHr hr. dis.ihrtrj^f <! al ('aiu«ri»«>, Whsr^: th»!f#r will
|j#r suffn irol fufiil* lof tli«i(]p'iy inrnt o! f.lifc4»: coipi. All th« oth^r
12 inonihs' rr^irnrnls art; now on lh»Mr wny to N»:«r Orleans urul^f
prrviou.i or«l«T«.
In view of thfi instru'^tton* of the S^trfttary of War of May fcib,
I cannot (l(jul)f fhaf. my cMntut: in orih-ring tht: ditchAt^f. of ihene
voluntrrrs will bft approv^^d by tbe ilrpartrnrnt.
i^it ont: company lia<t \>*:*u\ or^anixrrd from tb*: 12 months' rtf^i-
m<'nt.«» for nrtvxr.r. durini^ the War. Thm i» a monnt»:cl r.orftpany,
raM*;(l chivtly Irom tb«: Arkan«a<i cavalrjr, and commanded by Cap-
tain M«-ar)i, late lirutenant colonel of tb<»t regiment, ft ba« hrm
a(;c»pi«-d, and mustert^d under ibe direction of Orneral Wool.
Tbf T»-xa<i volunti-er!* ord»:red out for !»ix rnontb.<i, und«!f the call
of (Jolon»-l Curtis, a«t rrp.irtrd in my communication of May 27ih,
w»r»r m»;t, by my ord»r, n#-ar lb*; river Nuecr*, and, hi I am unolB-
cially advi»»!d, turned back to San Antonio, One company, how-
trtr^ came to this placr, but I have informed the captain that it
cannot be received. Another company, vhicb pre.jtded the '^K'-
incnt under (Jolonel II/iy<i, wan not in^t by tb<; mtrHAcnj^er, and
arrived here }i«:vt:ral day« «inc»:. It will probably accrpt «er-
vi(:»: for tbr war, and I am diipogtd, uniUr all thi^; circumstanceji,
to receive it. Thii, with Chrvallie'* battalion, will m.ikcylt)« com-
panie<t of horse fr()m T»!Xa«, wbicb, I perceive, i* the force allotted
tt) me fro i; that State in the adjutant (^eneralN memorandum of
•April 2fiih.
I bft( iliat no more mot^nted troopi may ht <»#-nt me from Te«aa.
Wiib the retjul.ir dragoon* and volunteer horse designed for lhi«
line, (an by the meniorandum above Cited,) 1 »hall have a cavalry
force abundantly large for our purposes, and, indeed, too large t4>
be conveniently fora^';cd- I make rhi;* request becaate, I uoder-
iitand, an expectation exiits that a much larger forr^ from TeXM
will be empio) rd.
I am, sir. Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major (jfntral IJ. S. .^ , rommanding.
The Aojt.TANT (ifcNta.M- oj the jirimf^
Waahxnf^ton, I). C.
,.,|,
1176 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
No. 50.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ June 8, 1847.
Sir: In obedience to your instructions of May 10th, I have given
orders for the re-muster of McCulloch's company for the war, or
to discharge it, in case its members should be unwilling to engage
for that term.
I have, perhaps, been remiss in not reporting the circumstances
which induced me to accept the services of that company for the
limited term of six months. Major McCulloch joined me with
some twenty picked men, a very short time before the battle of
Buena Vista, and when his own valuable services as a partizan,
and spy, were greatly needed. His men, however, were unwilling
to engage even for twelve months, and, after much hesitation, I de-
termined to accept them for the period of six; trusting that the pe-
culiar necessity for their services would jiustify this departure from
the prescriptions of the law. The services rendered by Major
McCulloch and his men, particularly in reconnoitring the enemy's
camp at Encarnacion, and advising us certainly of his presence
there, were of the highest importance.
In relation to the excess of officers, I would remark, that when
the company was mustered, it was expected that it would soon be
filled up; and also that Major McCulloch, though mustered as cap-
tain, was yet a major in the volunteer staff, and drew pay as such.
He has now been some time detached, and the company is com-
manded by a lieutenant.
If any portion of the company shall accept service for the M^ar,
it will probably be united with the company referred to m my com-
munication, No. 49, of this date.
I am, sir, &c.,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. ji., commandi7ig.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington^ B.C.
No. 51.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, June 8, 1847.
Sir: In reply to your communication of May 8th, relative to the
reorganization of company G, 2d dragoons, I would respectfully
suggest Point Isabel, or Matamoras, as a suitable position for the
purpose; that is, if it be intended to assign the company to this
line of operations. Captain Howe has, doubtless, reported to you,
under my instructions, referred to in my letter of May 27th.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, D. C.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1177
No. 52.
Head-quarterSj Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ June 16, 1847.
Sir: The twelve months' volunteers being now in route to New
Orleans and Camargo for muster and discharge, I have turned my
attention to the best disposition to be made of the troops destined
for this line, preparatory to operations.
The force designed for the present occupation of Buena Vista,
under the orders of Brigadier General Wool, will very soon be in
position at that place. It comprises 6 companies of regulars, (2d
dragoons and 4th artillery,) 4 companies volunteer horse, (1st Ar-
kansas and 3d Texas,) and Brigadier General Marshall's brigade —
in all, say, 2,500 men. After leaving the minimum garrison
here, and at other points in rear, I have ordered the concentration,
in a healthy camp near Mier, of all the troops, regular and volun-
teer, that are now or may arrive on the Rio Grande. I respect-
fully refer you to my "orders" No. 68, herewith, for the details of
this arrangement. Mier has been selected in preference to
Camargo, as presenting much the best prospect of health, while at
the same time it covers the line to this place.
I have heard as yet of the arrival of none of the new volunteers,
and but a portion of the new regulars, but I presume by this time,
that nearly all the latter, and a portion, at least, of the former,
have reached the Brazos, our last date from which point is May
26th. Taking the experience of last year as a basis, and it has so
far been confirmed, the entire force to be on this line, as exhibted
by your memorandum, and including the few companies of veteran
troops, will not, say by the 15th of August, exceed 8,000 effectives,
if indeed it reach that number. The deduction of 15 per cent,
from the tabular strength, is quite too small at this season of the
year; 30 per cent, would give a far more accurate result, and
"Will be exceeded in some regiments, as the Mississippi, and, prob-
ably. North Carolina.
In my communication of May 28th, I had occasion to present
my views in relation to operations against San Luis Potosi; at
least, in regard to the minimum force with which I thought they
could be undertaken. I shall prepare the force, under my orders,
for service in that direction, should it be found expedient and
practicable thus to operate; but I may be permitted to question
the utility of moving at very heavy expense, over an extremely
long line, and having no communication with the main column
operating from Vera Cruz. If I were called upon to make a sug-
gestion on the general subject of operations against Mexico, it
would certainly be to hold in this quarter a defensive line, and
throw all the remaining troops into the other column.
Our last date from General Scott's column is derived from the
Mexican journals, and is May 12th; not as late, by one day, as the
dates from Washington. There is absolutely no communication
across the country, and by way of the Brazos it is exceedingly
dilatory.
1178 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
We learn nothing of interest from the interior on which we can
rely. An attempt has been made, or is now making, to operate on
the guerrilla plan in the states of Tamaulipas and New Leon; but
it will, I think, prove abortive.
I am, sir, &c.,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General United States Jirmy^ commanding.
The Adjutant General
of the army J Washington^ D. C.
No. 53.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, June 16, 1847.
Sir: I have ordered the muster of the company of mounted
Texas volunteers, alluded to in my letter of June 8th. It is en-
rolled for the war, and commanded by Captain H. W. Baylor,
Major McCulloch's company has been discharged, and we have
now five companies of Texas horse, the exact number laid down
in your memorandum of April 26th.
I deeply regret to report that many of the twelve months' vol-
unteers in their route hence of the lower Rio Grande, have com-
mitted extensive depredations and outrages upon the peaceful in-
habitants. There is scarcely a form of crime that has not been re-
ported to me as commiited by them; but they have passed beyond
my reach, and even were they here, it would be found next to im-
possible to detect the individuals who thus disgrace their colors
and their country. Were it possible to rouse the Mexican people
to resistance, no more effectual plan could be devised than the
very one pursued by some of our volunteer regiments now about
to be discharged.
The volunteers for the war, so far, give an earnest of better con-
duct, with the exception of the companies of Texas horse. Of the
infantry I have had little or no complaint; but the mounted men
from Texas have scarcely made one expedition without unwarrant-
ably killing a Mexican. I have, in consequence, ordered Major
Chevallie's command to Saltillo, where it can do less mischief
than here, and where its services, moreover, are wanted. The con-
stant recurrence of such atrocities, which I have been reluctant to
report to the department, is my motive for requesting that no more
troops may be sent to this column from the State of Texas.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your very obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General United States Army, commanding.
The Adjutant General
of the army, Washington, D. C,
Ex Doc. No. 60. 1179
No. 54.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey .^ June 16, 1847.
Sir: In reply to so much of your communir ation of May 5th,
and of the Secretary's of May 6th, as relates to the despatch to
me from the Department of War on the 25th of November, I have
respectlully to state that that despatch was never received — the
copy enclosed in the letter of the Secretary, of May 6th, being the
first official intimation of its exisltnce, though it had previously
reached my camp through the newspapers. I can offer no conjec-
ture as to the fate of the original communication.
I have respectfully to acknov^rledge your communication of May
8th, and a copy of your circular to the colonels of volunteer regi-
ments, dated May 10th.
We have no later dates from the United States than those re-
ceived June 2d, viz: to May 13th, from Washington.
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Array^ commanding.
' The Adjutant General
of the jirmy, Washington^ D. C.
No. 56.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ June 23, 1847.
Sir: I have respectfully to report that the battalion of the Vir-
ginia regiment, which has been some time in garrison in Monterey,
•was relieved yesterday by six companies of the Massachusetts
regiment, and immediately took up the line of march for Buena
Vista. All the troops intended for the present occupation of that
position are now beyond Monterey, except two companies of the
North Carolina regiment, under Lieutenant Colonel Fagg, which
are expected here to-day, and will continue their route to the
front.
At the last dates from below, nine companies of the 16th infantry
and three of the 10th were on the Rio Grande; a portion also of
the 3d dragoons, but none of the l3th infantry or of the new
volunteers.
I can communicate nothing of interest from the interior, our
latest advices from Major General Scott's column being, as usual,
through New Orleans, All is tranquil in this part of the country.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
5isdw.it> r/fii/p ?:uit n ^"J'^'' ^^'^^^^l ^' ^- *^^^yj commanding.
The Adjutant General
of the Army^ Washington^ D. C.
1180 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
No. 57. •
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ JuJie 30, 1847.
Sir: I have respectfully to report that nothing of importance
has occurred within the limits of my command since my last
despatch of June 23d.
The 1st and 2d regiments of Illinois infantry, and eight compa-
nies of the Arkansas cavalry, have been discharged and paid at
Camargo. The company of Texas foot volunteers will be mustered
out here to-morrow, and Captain Gray's company of Texas horse
will be discharged in a week or two at Camargoj thus completing
the muster and discharge of all the 12 months' volunteers serving
on this line.
Lieutenant Colonel Fagg's command, the last detachment des-
tined for the present occupation of Buena Vista, is now at or near
that place. I learn that the troops in front enjoy good health.
A site for a camp of instruction has been selected by Colonel
Belknap near Mier, and will be occupied immediately by such de-
tachments of the new regiments destined for this line, as may be
ready for the movement. It is confidently hoped that the troops in
that camp wull escape, in a great measure, such excessive sickness
as prevailed last year at Camargo, and which is now beginning
to' be felt there. The 16th infantry, at last reports, had lost ten
men, and had 147 on the sick list.
I have had no reports since my last despatch of the arrival of
troops for this column.
This part of the country is entirely tranquil. The people, who
had abandoned their villages and ranchos, are fast returning to
them, and seem not at all disposed to engage in any warfare, guer-
rilla or other. The crops throughout the country are good, and
promise an abundant harvest.
From the interior we have nothing interesting and authentic,
which will not much sooner reach Washington from the other
column. Our last date from the city of Mexico is June 4th; from
San Luis, June 14th. /
I am, sir, kc, • ., .^^.
Z. TAYLOR, ,,„,.
Major General U. S. Array^ commanding.
The Adjutant General H'
of the Army^ Washington^ B.C. n')
No. 58.
jf'O'idj
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, July 6, 1847.
Sir: I have nothing of interest to report from this quarter, where
every thing remains tranquil. Our dates from the interior are old,
and the intelligence not worth communicating.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1181
I have to acknowledge your communication of June 7th, '' gen-
eral orders," No 22, and "special orders," Nos. 21 and 23.
I am, sir, &c.
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. ji., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Arm.y^
Washington^ D. C.
No. 59.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, July 13, 1847.
Sir: Understanding from the public prints, that the American
prisoners of war, captured by the Mexicans at diiferent times, have
not been released,! deem it proper to transmit, for the information
of the department, the enclosed papers, viz:
No. 1. List of Mexican prisoners of war, captured at and after
the battle of Buena Vista, showing the number exchanged, &c.
No. 2. List of Mexican prisoners released on parole, April 28,
1847, (A) wounded; (B) fit for duty.
No. 3. Quantity and value of subsistence issued to Mexican pris-
oners.
No. 4. List of American prisoners of war, captured at diiferent
times.
It will be seen by these documents that ample provision was
made for the exchange of all the American prisoners known to be
in the hands of the Mexicans, and the assurance was given by
Captain Faulac, the Mexican officer charged with the details of the
arrangement, that no time would be lost in setting theui at liberty.
The few captured at the battle and shortly before, were accordingly
promptly released, and no doubt was entertained that the release
of those in San Luis and in Mexico would immediately follow.
At the date of the arrangement in question, (February 25th,) it
could not, of course, be known that a considerable party had been
captured by General Urrea, near Marin, on the day previous, but it
was conceded by Captain Faulac that there would be no difficulty
in regard to the precise number or rank of those exchanged. All
who might be prisoners were to be set at liberty; such was the
understanding at the time, and I need hardly express my surprise
that the entire agreement has been so signally violated.
I beg leave, also, to forward Colonel Lane's report of the ser-
vices of his regiment, (3d Indiana,) at the battle of Buena Vista.
It was rendered to the head-quarters as the regiment was about
marching to the Brazos, for embarkation to New Orleans.
I am, sir, &c.,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, D. C.
1182
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
FNo. 3. J — Statement showing the quantity and value of subsistence
issued to Mexican prisoners of war captured at the battle of
Buena Vista, February 23, 1847, aiid released on their parole
April 28, 1847.
By whom and where issued.
Articles.
No. of ra-
tions.
Value.
Andrew R. Potts, agent subsistence de-
Pork
750
100
500
750
500
500
200
300
300
75
1,168
$56 25
7 50
4 50
Hard bread
48 75
Coffee
3 75
7 50
Vinegar . ,
1 00
Candles
1 62
Soap
Salt
1 20
1 20
romplete rations. .....
133 27
233 60
15 00
'<
381 87
INSPECTOR General's Department,
Buena Vista, Mexico, April 28, 1847.
S. CHURCHILL,
Inspector General.
[No. 4. { — List of the officers, non-coinmissioned officers, and privates
of the army of the United States who have been captured by the
Mexican forces, viz :
CAPTURED BY GENERAL MINON, NEAR HEDIENDA. — ORDERED TO BE
RELEASED.
Name.
Rank.
J. S. Sturgis
One private — name not known.
Lieutenant
Private.. . ..
Regiment.
2d dragoons,
(fo
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
1183
LIST — Continued.
CAPTURED ON THE 23D INSTANT, AND RELEASED ON THE 24TH.
Elias Leririfrgood
John Lewellen. . .
Elisha Hain
John D. Petit . . .
Joseph Evans. . . .
James C. Thorp .
Name.
Rank.
Private.
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
,...do..
Regiment.
3d artillery.
Arkansas rifles.
do
2d Illinois vols.
do
do
CAPTURED ON THE 27TH OF JANUARY, 1847, NEAR RANCHE PRADO,
BETWEEN PALMAS AND POTOSI.
W. J. Heady
T. Churchill
J. W. Owings...
J, White
James Springer. .
George Sharp .. . .
James Kemp . . . .
A. Alexander. . . .
G. Burnett
J. F. Ball
W. J. Clark.....
W. Deonormundi
R. Thorns
D. W. Lerau. . . .
J. G. Stabman. . .
J. Vidits
J. Marshall
W. Thomas
White
Captain
Lieutenant
Sergeant ..
...do ....
Corporal. .
'.'.'.do'.'.'.'.'.
Private . . .
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
Interpreter
Kentucky rifles.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
CAPTURED AT ENCARNACION ON OR ABOUT THE 22D JANUARY, 1847.
Solon Borland
Christopher C. Dumley.
Simeon Cason
Charles G. Lyon
Oliver P. Bilkey
Emasey Brown
William Russell ,
Ezekiel P. Martin
Charles S. Morney
Paul Williams
Pulaski Whitten ,
James Richmond
Robert Adams
James Crooks
William Edwards
John Mignes
M'^ses Nelson
li*vn
W;i->;?i2tc;s i\: :-;:'. 3
Major.. . .
Captain. .
Sergeant.
...do....
Private.. .
...do....
...do....
...do....
...do....
...do....
...do....
Farrier . .
Private . .
...do....
...do....
...d......
...do....
...do...
...do....
...do....
Arkansas rifles.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
1184
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
LIST — Continued.
Name.
William P. Reeves
William R. Spuo;le...
Thomas Webb
Russell Williams ■
Joel W. Curtis
Richard Steel
Richard Higgins
Thomas Smart
William Montgomery
Joseph Jester
Stephen Jester
Anderson Stinson
Andrew Marshall
John Finley
William Holman.. '. . . .
John P. Gaines
C. M. Clay....
George R. Davidson . .
John Swigert
James Henry
J. G. Bates
James Calvert
Robert Cochran
. Dougherty. . . .
A. H. Holepian
John A. Scott
A. Wilkerson
H. S. Wood
William Whitehead...
Alfred Argabright.. . .
David Barry
A. C. Bryan
Benjamin Chapman. . .
John J. Finch
David E. Jones
C. E. Mooney
William Radcliff
John Richardson
Jacob Walker
Rank.
Private . . . .
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
,..,do
,...do
,...do
,...do
,...do
,...do
Major
Captain. . .:
Lieutenant
Corporal . . ,
Musician. . .
Private . . . ,
,...do
...do
,...do
,...do
,...do
,...do
....do
,...do
... do
... do
... do
... do
...do
... do
... do
...do
... do
... do
W. S. Paine | Sergeant
Private .
...do...
...do...
...do...
...do...
...do...
...do...
...do...
...do...
...do...
...do...
B. S. Donell
William Funk
John Scott
James Kennedy
N. Wail
J. W. Johnson
John Wagner
Benjamin R. Myers.
Isaac Rogers
William Kelly
Harrison Igo
Regiment.
Arkansas rifles.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
Kentucky rifles,
do '
do ^
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
da
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
Official.
BuENA VisTA, February 25, 1847.
IRVIN McDowell, Aid-de-camp\
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1185
No. 60.
Head-quartebs, Army of Occupation,
, ' Camp near Monterey^ July 13, 1847.
Sir: Since tbr uate of my despatch of June 6th, little has oc-
curred worthy ; report in this quarter. A camp of instruction
has been estab[:;ied near Mier, and every means will be adopted
to secure the health of the troops, and promote their efficiency.
A few depredations are committed on the road by robbers; with
this exception the country is tranquil.
? We have received dates from the city of Mexico as late as June
26th, at which time it appears certain that a communication had
been opened between the Mexican government and General Scott's
head quarters, then at Puebla.
I have to acknowledge your communication of June 9th; copy of
your letter to Brigadier General Brooke, of June 1st; " general
orders" Nos. 23 and 24, and " special orders," Nos. 22, 24, 25
and 26; also the communications of the Secretary of War, of June
14th and 15th.
I am, sir, &c.,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. j3., commanding.
The Adjutant^General of the Army^
Washington^ D. C.
No. 62.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, July 27, 1847.
Sir: On the 21st instant I received a report from Colonel Hays
commanding the regiment of Texas horse, dated at San Antonio
the 13th instant, and covering a copy of the instructions of the
War Department to hini; dated June 2d, by which I am for the first
time advised that he is under orders to join me with the whole or
a part of his command. I have accordingly given him orders after
leaving such force as the governor of Texas may deem necessary
for the protection of the frontier, to proceed with the remainder of
his command '•:•.)• .i -e companies) to Mier, and at that point where
it may essi^} 'o:^. ^ub^isted and foraged, await further orders.
We remain singularly destitute of intelligence from the interior
our last authentic date from the city of Mexico beino- still June
26th. By way of Vera Cruz our intelligence is even less recent.
Great sickness and mortality have prevailed among the volunteer
troops in front of Saltillo, not owing, probably, to any local cause
but rather. to the enfeebled and diseased condition of those troops
before taking up that position. The sickness at Mier, I am happy
to report, is on the decrease.
J, hare to acknowledge your communication of July 2d, and copy
75
1186 Ex. Doc. No. GO.
of one of that date to Colonel Davenport, and "special orders,"
No. 30.
I am, sir, &c.,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major Gen. U. S. A.^ Com.
The Adjutant General
Of the Army, Washington, D. C.
No. 63.
Head-quaeters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, August 3, 1847.
Sir: I have respectfully to report that when Major McCulloch,
quartermaster in the volunteer service, was despatched in March
to Texas, for the purpose of purchasing horses, he was at the same
time authorized by me to procure additional men for the company
"V^^hich he had raised and brought to the army in January. Not being
aware of the discharge of that company until the instructions of
the department, he has brought to my head-quarters some forty
men, under the expectation of joining the company. As they came
from their homes in good faith, to serve for a limited time, and have
actCir:lly rendered service in conducting a large number of horses,
and afterwards in escorting a train from Camargo, I have deemed
it no more than just to allow them pay and travelling allowances
for the time they have actually served, and gave instructions ac-
cordingly to Colonel Crogh;,n to muster them into and out of ser-
vice on the 31st of July.
We have pretty authentic intelligence from the city of Mexico
to the 17th ultimo, to the effect that congress had conferred upon
Santa Anna the power of negotiating a peace, and that an armistice
had been proposed. General Scott was said to be still at Puebla.
I am advised by General Hopping that he has forwarded, direct
to your office, the resignations of Captain WofFord and Lieutenant
Prince, 13th infantry. To avoid delay, I beg leave to communi-
cate my approval of said resignations. I enclose herewith the
charges under which Lieutenant Prince resigned.
I have to acknov^ledge copies of your letters of July 6th, to
Brigadier General Lane, and the commanding officer of Fort
McIIenry, and "special orders," No. 31.
I am, sir, &c.,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major Gen. U. S. army, commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, D. C.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. llgT
No. 64.
Hej^tD-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ August 10, 1847.
Sir: Intelligence is iust received, through Mexican sources, that
the propositions of peace, presented by Mr. Trist, had been
rejected by the Mexican congress, which body had adjourned; that
General Scott was expected to inarch on the capital, and that he
would probably be opposed before reaching it, by the forces under
Santa Anna, &c. The date from the city of Mexico is July 24th;
if this intelligence be true, we may therefore expect soon to gain
definite information of a battle.
The guerillas are becoming a little bolder on this line, but con-
fine their attacks chiefly to small parties. The main trains have
not yet been molested. Captain Baylor of the Texas rangers, has
lately had a sharp skirmish with the guerillas, near the rancho of
Sablas, on the middle route hence to Camargo. I will forward his
report as soon as received.
There continues to be much sickness among the new troops, both
at Mier and Buena Vista, accompanied by an unusual share of mor-
tality. Nearly 25 per cent." of the force present is disabled at this
moment by disease.
I have to acknowledge copies of your communications of July
14th and 16th, to Lieutenant Colonel Hughes and Brigadier Gen-
<*ral Brooke, and " special orders," No. 32 and 33.
I am, sir, &c.,
Z. TAYLOR.
Major General U. S. army, commanding.
The Adjutant General of the army,
Washington^ B.C.
No. 65.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, August 16, 1847.
Sir: My '-ordtis," No. 96, forwarded by this mail, will advise
you of the measures taken to detach a portion of the force on this
line to Vera Cruz, agreeably to the instructions of the Secretary of
War, dated July 15th and 17th. I also transmit a return, exhibit-
ing, as nearly as practicable, the amount and description of force
■which I have thought it expedient so to detach, and the number of
troops that will be left on this line. The command of Colonel
Hays is not included, as I am not advised of its strength, nor do I
know its present position, or when it may be expected to reach the
Brazos. It would, however, by this time be on or near the Rio
Grande, and will probably number 400 men. The wants of the ser-
Tice in this quarter will not permit rae to detach any additional ca-
1188 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Talry force; a strong one being required to keep the roads and
country free from robbers and guerrillas.
Brigadier Generals Lane and Gushing have been assigned to duty
with the troops destined for the other line, the regiments and bat-
talions of their brigades being indicated for that service. For a
similar reason, General Hopping has bten r^tfcined, two regiments
of bis brigade (10th and 16lti) remaining on this line.
I trust the above dispositions will meet the approval of the d'^ -
partment.
I have nothing of interest to communicate from the interior. Our
last authentic date from Puebla is July 11th, and from Mexico^
though not equally authentic, July 17th.
I have to acknowledge your communications of July 16th and
17th, copies of your letter to Colonel Crane of July 16th, and As-
sistant Surgeon Kennedy of July 17th, Lieutenant Kingsbury's ftp-
plication for leave, referred to me July 17ih, copy o( my unofficial
note to Major General Scott of December 26tL, "general orders,"'
No. 25, and "special orders," No. 34.
I am, sir, &c.,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major Gen. U. S. Jl.j commanding.
The Adjutant General
Of the Army^ Washington^ D. C. ,
War Department,
Washington, May 10, 1847.
Sir: I am directed by the President to modify the instructions
to you of the 13th of April last, directing the collection of contri-
butions, in the form of duties, on ships and merchandise admitted
into the ports of the enemy's country, of which we have military
possession, so far as to exempt from tonnage duties all vessels char-
tered by the United States to convey supplies of any and all de-
scriptions to our army and navy, and actually laden with such sup-
plies; but, if any vessel has on board other aiticles of merchan-
dise than government supplies, it will not be entitled to such ex-
emption, but must, like any other vessel pay tonnage duties accor-
ding to former instructions.
A copy of this letter has been sent to the officer commanding at
Matamoras, with directions to adopt the above modification with-
out waiting for any specific instructions from you.
I have the honor to be, with- great respect, sir, your obedient
feryant,
W. L, MARCY,
Secretary oj War,
Major General Z. Tailor,
Commanding army^ ^c, Monterey, Mexico,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1189
War Department, May 11, ^ i?.
Sir: Permit me, again, to call your attention to the subject of a
likeness of yourself, for the purpose of preparing the die for a
medal voted to you by Congress.
Several artists have, as it is understood, gone to the army under
your command, and allow me to hope you will avail yourself, as
you intimated you would, in your letter of the 8th of December,
of the opportunity afforded by their presence with you, to comply
i^^ith the request heretofore made on that subject.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient ser-
vant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Z. Taylor,
(7. S. A.J commanding^ 4'C-j Monterey ^ Mexico.
Washington City, May 12, 1847.
Sir: 1 communicate to you, herewith, an authenticated copy of
^^Resolutions giving the thanks of Congress to yourself, and the
officers and men under your command, in the late military opera-
tions at Monterey," approved March 2d, 1847.
Proper steps have been taken to cause to be prepared the "gold
medal" to be presented to yourself, and the "swords" to be pre-
sented to Major General Butler, Major General Keuderson, to
Brigadier General Twiggs, Brigadier General Worth, Brigadier
General Quitman, and to the nearest male relative of the late Brig-
adier General Hamar. As soon as they shall be completed, it
will afford me sincere pleasure to present to you, in a suiiable and
appropriate manner, the "gold raedal" voted to you by Congress.
1 am, with great respect, your obedi<^:it servant,
JAMES K. POLK.
Major General Zachary Taylor,
U. S. Army in Mexico.
War Department, May 14, 1817.
Sir: It affords me pleasure to be the medium of communicating;^
to you, and, through you, to the army under your command, the
accompanying preambles and resolutions, adopted by the common
council of the city of New York, unanimously expressing their
appreciation of the skill and valor of the officers and men, as therein
named in said resolutions.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient ser-
Tant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Z. Taylor, U. S. A.
Commanding army, §*c.j Mo-nterey^ Mexico,
1190 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
War Department, May 17, 1847.
Sir: I am directed by the President to call your attention to the
seventeenth section of the act of Congress, entitled " An act to
make provision for an additional nun:\ber of general officers and for
other purposes," passed on the 3d of March last, and to request you
to take proper measures to enable him to bestow upon meritorious
non-coiDmissioned officers and privates in the army, who have dis-
tinguished themselves, the benefits of its provisions.
He is very desirous that all those who have earned the reward it
confers, by their gallant conduct, should receive it without delay.
It is conceived that the provisions of the seventeenth section are
general; that is, they extend to non-commissioned officers and pri-
vates in the volunteer ranks, as well as those in the regiments con-
stituting the regular establishment.
To entitle a non-commissioned officer, who has distinguished
himself, to a brevet, he must be recommended by the commanding
officer of the regiment to which he belongs. It will, therefore, be
proper that you should apprise the commanding officers of the
several regiments in the army under your command of this pro-
vision of the law, and the expectation of the President that they
should furnish recommendations of those non-commissioned officers
■ who have earned for themselves the advancement which Congress
has provided.
The means by which the President is to acquire the information
to satisfy him that privates have so conducted themselves as to be
entitled to certificates, is not indicated in the act of Congress.
You are, therefore, directed by the President, through the report of
their immediate commanding officers, or in such other manner as
you may think proper, to cause to be presented to the President a
list of those privates in the array under your command, who are
deemed to be entitled to the benefits of the seventeenth section of
the act above referred to.
Mere general good deportment, and a faithful discharge of ordi-
nary duties, will not alone, in the opinion of the department, en-
title either a non-commissioned officer or a private to the benefit of
the law, for so much is expected of all in the service. Such con-
duct dues not constitute a distinction. It is desired, so far as it
can be practicably done, that the recommendation or report in each
case should specify the conduct or acts of the soldier which are
considered as entitling him to the rewar<! of distinction.
I herewith send you a sufficient number of copies of the section
of the act of Congress to which I have called your attention, to
enable you to furnish one to each commandant of a regiment, and
other officers from whom information can be derived, which will
be serviceable to the President in the discharge of the pleasing duty
of dispensing rewards to the well deserving.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servantj
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Zachary Taylor,
TJ. S. Armyy commanding^ Sfc.j Mexico.
Ex. Doc. No. 60.' 1191
War DepartmenTj
Was king ton J June 14, 1847.
Sir: In my letter of the 17th ultimo, I sent to you seA'eral printed
copies of the 17th section of " An act to make provision for an
additional number of general officers and for other purposes," and
requested that measures might be taken to secure the benefits of
that section to the non-commissioned officers and privates entitled
to them. When that letter was written, I was under the inrpres-
sion that the means by which the President is to acquire the iafor-
raation to satisfy him that privates have so conducted themselves
Jis 10 be entitled to certiticates, were not indicated in the act of
Congress. Upon a more careful examination of that act, it is be-
lievtd that this is not correct. By virtue of the terms, " 171 like
Oii'i/inery'^ used'in reference to granting these certificates, it is to be
dfiviiained that they are to be issued by the President, on the
"recommendation of the com:aanding officer of the regiment," to
which the privates belonged; and it is very questionable v/hether
he can issue them without such recommendation. It is, thereforej
proper that those who may consider themselves entitled to the dis-
tinction of a certificate, and the allowance of extra pay, should be
informed of the construction given to the act, that the recommen-
dation of the commniiding officer of the regiment is deemed neces-
sary.
Respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Z. Taylor, &c., &g.
War Department,
Washington^ June 26, 1847.
Sir: It is understood here that several companies of mounted
men from Texas, which have entered the service for the period of
six months, and are unwilling to engage for the war, or even for
twelve months, have reported to you. They have organized, it is
said, under what they considered a call from Colonel Curtis, while
commanding officer at Camargo, when the communication between
that place and i.our head-quarters was temporarily interrupted, and
when some fears were entertained for the security of the line on the
Rio Grande.
I can well conceive that these troops, if they have reported to
you for duty, will cause y(;ii sorne embarrassment as to the dispo-
sition to be made of them. Without having your views on the
subject, or knowing precisely the circumstances of the case, I am
at a loss to determine what ought to be done with them. You are,
I presume, already advised of the description and amount of force
destined for your column. These companies have not been taken
1192 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
into calculation. It is r-pected that a considerable part of the
regiment of mounted mi raised in Texas, under the command of
Colonel Hays, will be with you. Some of the companies of this
regiment are engaged for the war, and some for twelve months.
Should you be in want of more of this description of troops, the
companies who have turned out for six months might be retained
for that period by the ratification of Colonel Curtis's call, under
which it is understood they have turned out. That call was made
under apprehension that the Rio Grande frontier was exposed to
invasion, and the act of the 13fch of May, 1846, section second,
declares " that the militia, when called into the service of the
United States by virtue of this act, or any other act, may, if in the
opinion of the President of the United States the public interest
requires it, be compelled to serve a term not exceeding six months
after t;»-^rr arrival at the place of rendezvous in any one year, un-
less soo.L i discharged." They have come out as militia, as dis-
tinguished from volunteers; and, should the President affirm the
act of Colonel Curtis, they may be retained in service six months.
If these companies have been raised under Colonel Curtis's call,
hare reported to you for service, and are still with you, and you
deem it important to the public interest that they should be re-
ceived, you are hereby authorized by the President to retain them,
as militia, for six months.
Should they, or a considerable portion of them, be willing to be-
come volunteers, if it is only for the twelve months, it is decidedly
preferable that they should be engaged as such, instead as militia.
This matter, under the foregoing views, is left to your determina-
tion.
There is some reason to apprehend that a number of Carlist
officers have left, or m^y soon leave France, with a view to join
the Mexican army. Steps have been already taken to prevent their
entrance into Mexico. While on their way to that country we
should not have a right to detain them as prisoners of war, but it
is verj clear that we may prevent them, if able to do so, from
joining our enemy. I, herewith, send you an extract from a
despatch to the Secretary of State, from our minister at Paris, giv-
ing the names of seventy or eighty of them, and also a copy of a
letter to the commanding officer at Matamoras on the subject.
Should you have occasion to act in this matter, you will do what
you can to intercept their passage into Mexico.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. M^RCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Z. Taylor,
17. S. Ji. commanding, at Monterey.
:A'
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1193
War Department, July 15, 1847.
Sir: Soon after the successful operations of Major General Scolt,
an<{ the forces under his immediate command, had secured another
and a preferable base for penetrating the interior of Mexico, his
views were sought in relation to the plans of future movements, in
regard not only to this column, but also to that under your com-
mand. In my letter to you on the Glh of May, you were informed
of the amount of force which had been assigned to your command,
and your opinion was desired as to the employment of that force,
under any probable contingency, in the way most effective for the
successful prosecution of the war. It was believed here that the
most important points in the enemy's country could be reached
with much more facility from the Vera Cruz base, and that both
General Scott and yourself would advise that the principal, if not
the only expeditions into the interior of the enemy's country
should proceed from it. The letter to General Scott was expedited
by a special messenger, but, unfortunately, he was cut off on the
way from Vera Cruz to the general's headquarters. Though other
means were also employed to transmit that despatch, it is uncertain
whether it has ever reached him, or, if it has, when his reply to
it will be received.
In your letters to this department of the 28th of May and 16th
of June, you have prf sented your views in relation to operations
on the line now held by you. In the latter, you say: " If I were
called upon to make a suggestion on the general subject of opera-
tions against Mexico, it would certainly be to hold in this quarter
a defensive line, and throw all the remaining troops into the other
column."
In view of the difficulties heretofore suggested by you — in get-
ting the armament and the proper description of force for an early
forward movement by your column, in procuring adequate sup-
plies and ample means of transportation for so long a line, and in
maintaining and securing the numerous posts which must, in that
case, be left in your rear — the President approves of and concurs
in, your suggestion, and has determined to carry it out.
His direction, therefore, is, that you shall hold such a line as
you have suggested; and that, retaining only such a force as you
may judge to be necessary to sustain it in security, you should
send the remainder of that Vv'ith you, and that destined for your
line, with the least possible delay to General Scott. The neces-
sary orders will be issued from this place to have the means of
transportation ready at the Brazos.
You are requested to inform this department of the amount of
force you will retain lo maintain such a line, and the number and
description of troops that you may order from it for General Scott's
column. Some of those, which, according to former statements,
have been assigned to you, not yet being in route, will have their
destination changed, and be sent directly to Vera Cruz.
The adjutant general will probably send by the same convey-
\
1194 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
ance that transmits this communication, a further statement rela-
tive to the force destined for your command.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Z. Taylor, Commanding^ ^c.
War Department, July 17, 1847.
Sir: I transmit herewith a copy of instructions to Colonel Hays,
commanding a regiment of mounted volunteers in Texas, requirincr
him to proceed to Vera Cruz with such of his command as can b?
spared, for the purpose of dispersing the guerrillas which infest the
line between that place and the interior of Mexico, and I have tG
request that you will cause the same destination to be given to such
ot the lexas companies of horse, now serving under your orders, as
can be safely spared from your column.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
V/. L. MARCY,
n/r • /-I ^ ^ r^ Secretary of War.
Major General Z. Taylor, ^ ^
Commanding U. S. Jirmy at Monterey^ Mexico.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, August 16, 1847.
X. ^\^J 1^ ^^T^ ^^^ ^°"°^ ^° acknowledge your communications of
the 15th and 17th of July, the former directing the detachment of
the surplus force on this line to Vera Cruz, and received bV mail
on the 7th instant; the latter relative to the detachment of Colonel
Hays and his command at Vera Cruz, and received by soecial ex-
press on the 13th. My report of this date to the adjutant general
and my '-orders," No. 96, forwarded to his office, will advise the
department of the measure I have taken to carry out its instruc-
tions, the amount of force detached, and the force left to maintain
this line.
We are absolutely without intelligence from the interior, our last
dates from Mexico, on which any reliance can be placed, being-
fully a month old. ^ ' ^
I am, sir, very respectfally, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
„ „, , Major General U. S. A., commanding.
Hon. W. L. Marcy, ^
Secretary of War, Washington, D. C.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1195
No. 66.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Cam,p near Monterey, August 24, 1847.
Sir: I have respectfully to report that rumored movements of
the enemy between San Luis and Saltillo, and the consequent re-
presentations of Brigadier General Wool, commanding in front,
have induced me so far to modify the order detaching a portion of
my force to the lower column as to retain the light battery com-
manded by Captain Deas, 4th artillery. Considering the extent of
this line, three batteries will not, perhaps, be regarded as an ex-
cessive force of light artillery.
The movement of the regiments detached from this line has, I
hope, commenced. The Massachu?eiis regiment, now in garrison at
Monterey and Cerralvo, only awaits its relief, which must now be
in route from Mier. General Lane is on the river, superintending
the movement of the Ohio and Indiana regiments. General Gush-
ing is here on his way below, to embark with the 13th and Massa-
chusetts regiments.
A mixed command of dragoons and Texas cavalry is now scour-
ing the region infested with guerillas and robbers between this and
Camargo. I hope good results will follow this expedition.
We have no intelligence from the interior, except by way of
Vera Cruz. From what I can learn, the disposition of the people
in Chihuahua and other northern States is more hostile than ever.
An attempt has been made by the governor of Coahuila to convene
the legislature at Monclova for purposes not friendly to us, but a
quorum could not be assembled.
I have to acknowledge your communications of July 23 and 26,
and copies of those to General Arbuckle, of July 7 and 26, and to
Colonel Wilson, of July 27. The inquiry contained in your letter
of July 23 will be answered as soon as I can obtain a report from
General Wool.
I am, sir, &c.,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Army^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the army^
Washington, D. C.
No. 69.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, August 31, 1S47.
Sir: I respectfully enclose the reports of Lieutenant Colonel
Fauntleroy, 2d dragoons. Major Washington, Brevet Major Bragg
and Captain Sherman, 3d artillery, and Captains Rucker and Carle-
1196 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
ton, 1st dragoons, made in conformity with instructions, in orde?
to carry out the provisions of section 17, act of March 3, 1847,
with my general approval of them.
It has been found impracticable to obtain the action of the colo-
nels of the several re;'iments, not one of them being under my or-
ders, and that of the 1st dragoons being in California.
Our last intelligence from the city of Mexico is to the 14l.h in-
stant, at which time the Americans were said to be quite near the
capital, and a feeble defence was anticipated. We are looking
hourly for further intelligence.
Six companies of the 16th infantry arrived here yesterday, and I
will relieve the Massachusetts regiment in Monterey to-morrow,
when the latter will march for the Brazos. On its way hither the
16th was attacked near Papayallos by a guerrilla force, but repulsed
it without sustaining any loss; that of the enemy unknown. With
this exception, all has been quiet in this quarter.
I am happy to report that the health of the troops near Saltillo
is much improved.
Our last date from Washington is July 27; from New Orleans,
August 9.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General TJ> S. Army^ commanding.
The Adjutakt General of the Army^
V/ashijigioUj D. C.
No. 70.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupatioic,
Camp near Monterey^ September 7, 1847.
Sir: I have no intelligence to communicate from this line since
the date of my last report, except the lamented death of Brigadier
General Hopping, on the 1st instant, at Mier. You will receive by
this mail the order announcing to the troops this melancholy dis-
pensation.
From Saltillo we receive today the information that, about the
22d ultimo, General Scott entirely defeated a division of the Mexi-
can army, under the orders of General Valencia; General Salas
"being killed, and almost the whole division destroyed or-captured.
This action is said to have taken place at San Angel. The intelli-
gence is from a respectable source, and believed in Saltillo.
It is now twenty days since we h?-ve received any advices from,
the city of Washington, the last date being still July 26.
I am, sir, &c.,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Army, commanding:.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington, D. C.
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
1197
No. 71.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monte/ ey^ September 14, 1847.
Sir: I respectfully enclose, herewith, Colonel Belknap's report
of an affair with a party of guerrillas near Tl^ie", in which a small
detachuient of the 3d dragoons, with a fcM citizens, defeated the
enemy with (Considerable loss.
BrigaiUer General Marshall had reached this place, and was un-
der or*!ers for Buena Vista, when I 'received your instructions of
August il. Although Brigadier Generals Lane and Gushing had
alread) been detached to the other line, I thought it best not to
retain Gtneral Marshall, and have accordingly ordered him to re-
port to Mc.jor General vScott.
I have desired for sorue time to relieve Captain Britton, at Ca-
margo, but have had no competent officer to take his place. Under
your instructions of August 5, Major Roman, now at Buena Vista,
has been selected for that purpose, and Captain Britton will, as
soon as practicable, join his company.
Your communication of August 12, requesting the transmittal of
the muster roll of Captain Meares's company of mounted volun-
teers, has been referred to Brigadier General Wool, with instruc-
tions to forward a copy of the roll, which is supposed to be on file
at his head-quarters.
We have dates from the citj of Mexico, through the governnaent
papers, of August 22 and 25, the latter containing a copy of the
convention tor an armistice, consequent upon the defeat of General
Valencia n*>ar St. Angel. We look daily for further intelligence.
I am, sir, very respectfully, &c.,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General V. S. army^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the army^
Washingtonj D. C.
Head-quarters, Upper Rio Grande,
Mier, Mexico, September 9, 1847.
Sir: I have to report that yesterday morning, between one and
two o'clock, a party of robbers, numbering near forty, rode rapidly
into the plaza at this town, and, halting befc^-, me company quar-
ters, fired upon the guard, killing one mnri. The company quickly
turned out, and returned the fire, when the robbers retreated to-
wards the camping ground of the trains, where were encamped
five wagons, containing merchandise valued at $75,000 and un-
derstood to belong to the French consul at Matamoras.
This dash into town is thought to have been made, simply to dis-
tract attention from another party,, of about thirty men, which
was at the same time engaged in seizing these wagons and goods.
Another party, yet, was towards the late camp of instruction. As
1198 Ex Doc. No. 60.
soon as the teams could be made ready, these parties united and
retired, with the property, in the direction of Aldamos
With as httle delay as possible, I sent in pursuit of them thirty
privates of Captain Butler's company, 3d dragoons, under Lieu-
tenant J^. C. Davidson, same regiment, with Lieutenant McGarry
and twelve or fourteen citizens, who cheerfully volunteered for
that duty. This party came up with the robbers in camp, about
sixteen miles from Mier, and, after a brief but spirited enffaee-
ment, dispersed them, killing (as correctly as can be ascertained)
about twelve, and wounding others.
Besides the merchandise re-taken, were captured a number of
horses and mules, one keg of powder (American manufacture) and
several fire-ar»s, two lances and thirty Mexican blanket- One
horse wounded was the entire injury received by our party.
The teamsters of the captured wagons, who were forced by the
robbers to accompany them and drive the teams, are Mexicans, and
state that, besides those employed in the capture of the merchan-
dise, there were many other parties in the vicinity, in one of which
they recognized Canales, (both himself and horse,) from which it
3S inferred that he organized the attack, though perhaps not engag-
ed in its immediate execution. These teamsters also report the
number of robbers they saw to have been at least one hundred
which corresponds with the impression of the officers and others
who pursued them,
I state, with satisfaction, that the command of dragoons behaved
•with judgment and gallantry, as did those, also, who volunteered
to accompany them, and who contributed much to the success of
the expedition. Among the citizens were Captain Jack Everett
Captain Bell, Mr. Jack Hays, &c., &c. '
^ Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant,
W. E. BELKNAP,
Major W. W. S. Bliss,
A. A. G., camp near Monterey,
Colonel commanding.
No. 73.
Head- QUARTERS, Army of Occcpation,
Camp near Monterey, September 21, 1847.
Sir: I have little to communicate from this quarter. Our dates
from the city of Mexico are to the 31st August, and would, of
course, be anticipated by direct intelligence from General Scott's
i^ead-quarters.
Brigadier General Lane's command (Ohio and Indiana volun-
teers) was to embark from the Brazos on the 12th instant, in trans-
ports provided by the quartermaster at that point. Brigadier
General Cushing's command was awaiting transportation, none
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1199
having arrived under the orders referred to in the communication
of the Secretary of War, of July 15th.
All is tranquil on this line. No mail has been received from the
United States since my last report.
I am, sir, &c.,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. Ji.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the army^
Washington^ D. C.
No. 74.
Head- QUARTERS, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, September 28, 1847.
Sir: I regret to report the decease of Captain Henry Erskine,
assistant commissary of subsistence in the volunteer service, which
took place in Monterey, on the 26th instant.
I have just received intelligence, by way of Saltillo, of the de-
feat of the Mexicans, on the 12th instant, and the consequent oc-
cupation of the capital by General Scott's forces. The informa-
tion seems to be authentic.
I have to acknowledge your communication of August 30th'
copies of your letter to Colonel Croghan, of August 24thj to Colo-
nel Wilson, of August 12th and 19th; to Colonel Crane, of August
12th; to Lieutenant Colonel Erving, of August 17th; to Lieutenant
Patterson, 1st artillery, of August 13th; " general orders," No. 29,
and " special orders," Nos. 36 to 43 inclusive.
I amj sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. army, commanding.
The Adjutant General of the army,
Washington, D. C.
No. 75.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, October 4, 1847.
Sir: Having received authentic, though not official, intelligence
that the city of Mexico is now in possession of our forces, 1 con-
sider that the time has come when I may with propriety ask for a
respite from duty. Indeed, the operations on this line have for
many months been of minor importance; but I have been unwilling
to ask for leave while there existed any possibility that my services
might be required by the department on more active duty. It
seems now probable that the war, if prolonged, will assume a guer-
rilla character, and it is quite certain that the troops on this line,
at least for some time to come, will act on the defensive.
1200
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
I have, therefore, respectfully to ask leave of absence for six
months, with permission to visit the United States, if the depart-
ment can dispense with my services for that period. Independent
of my desire to visit my family, from which I have now been sepa-
rated nearly two years and a half, my private affairs urgently de-
mand my attention, and the state of ray health requires some relax-
ation from the exposure, fatigue, aud anxieties ot field service.
I make this application with less re'uciance, as Brigadier Gen-
eral Wool is present to relieve me; an officer of talents and great
experience, and every way qualifie.i to discharge the duties which
will devolve upon him.
As it is very desirable that I should- be in New Orleans by the
fjrst of December, I propose, if liolhing prevent, to transfer my
head-quarters to Matamoras early i;i next month, there to await the
action of the department on this ^polication, which I beg may be
communicated at your earliest conrenience.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington^ D. C
No. 76.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey y October 12, 1847.
Sir: I beg leave respectfully to invite your attention to the con-
dition of the artillery companies serving near the mouth of the Rio»
Grande, and to the necessity of supplying additional officers for the
service of those companies.
1. Company A, 1st artillery, at Brazos and mouth of Rio Grande.
Not an officer of this company, or even of the regiment, is on duty
with it; Lieutenant Weld, 2d artillery, being the only company-
officer pres -nt. Major Porter, who commands at the double sta-
tion is summoned to attend a trial before the civil authorities of
Texas, and is moreover in a bad state of health. The good of the
service requires an experienced officer in command of this company,
particularly as it has lately received a large accession of recruits.
2. Company I, 4th artillery, at Point Isabel. Brevet Major
Scott is the only officer with this company. His health has been
infirm, but is now improving. He needs a subaltern to assist him.
3. Company E, 2d artilk-ry, at Fort Brown. Captain Merchant
and Lieutenant Totten are with this company. The former has
submitted a surgeon's certificate, but I have been obliged to deny
hiiD leave. This company, and the foregoing, have both received
many recruits.
*^e for sij
^^< depart-
"''?eDdent
' some itlaj.
Sf^rvice,
i?Jiiier Gen-
:s anil great
— j'Ue
ttansfet my
to await the
*" jS^^^
>
Ex. Doc. No. GO.
1201
^f
to the con-
iiottkRio
icersfoitlie
io GraniJf'
t.isomlii'I
Joubl« St!;
;tiorities «''
..•;^i:aits.
;rtt l^^^
;„ has 1)60
assist liiifl'
^ l\tM
'{oriiierl>«»
geJtoW
oit rec'
id
We have no intelligence from the interior, nor have we yet re-
ceived, except through Mexican channels, any account of the cap-
ture of Mexico, though it took place, nearly a month since. Every
thing is tranquil on this line, and the troops generally enjoy excel-
lent health.
I have to acknowledge a copy of your communication, of Sep-
tembir 14th, to Lieutenant Wilds, 13th infantry, and the printed
circular of September 10th.
I am, sir, &c.,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. v4., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Jirmy^
Washington^ D. C,
No. 77.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ October 19, 1847.
Sir: Little worthy of report has occurred since the date of my
last communication, (12th instant.) We have received no mail
from the United States, and our news from the interior is not re-
cent, coming down only to a few days subsequent to the fall of the
capital. In this quarter the country continues entirely tranquil,
with the exception of occasional attacks upon the road by parties
of guerrillas, or, rather, robbers. The last down mail was ambus-
caded near Ramos on the evening of the 13th instant, and one of the
mail bags lost; but it was fortunately recovered the next day. Two
or three horses were killed, and one of the men (Sergeant Lott, of
the Mississippi regiment) was missing, and may have been killed,
though I have hopes that he is safe. I have found it expedient to
increase the mail escorts, and detach a company of mounted Texans
from this camp to reinforce the garrison of Cerralvo, with a view
.to keep the road and country clear of these outlaws.
The return of this command for August has been unexpectedly
delayed, on account of the failure to receive the return of the 10th-
infantry. I hope by next mail to forward the August and perhaps
the September return.
I r.ir, ^r, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. ^., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Jirmy^
WashingtoU'j D, C.
76
IS
if?
i^03 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
No. 78,.
Head QUARTERS, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey^ October 25, 1847.
Sir- On examining the papers pertaining to my head-quarters, I
discover several letters connected with the operations in April and
May 1846, which seem to deserve a permanent place on the files of
the War Department. The multiplicity of other engagements and
duties no doubt, prevented their transmittal at the time, and I
have now the honor to enclose authenticated copies of them, num-
be'-ed 1 to 6, as follows:
1 General Taylor to General Mejia, March 28, 1846.
2. General Taylor to General Mejia, March 30, "
3 General Mejia to General Taylor, March 31, "
4. General Arista to General Taylor, April 24, "
5. General Taylor to General Arista, April 25,
6 General Arista to General Taylor, May 17, '
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient ^^^^^^^^yLOR
Major General U. S.A., commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Jlrmy,
Washington J D. C.
Head- quarters. Army of Occupation,
Camp on the left hank of the Rio Grande.
near Matamoras^ March 28, 1646.
Sir- This will be handed you by Brigadier General Worth, of
the United States army, who is fully authorized by me to explain
to YOU the nature, and the rer.sons, of the movement of the iorce
un.!er mv orders to the left bank of the Rio Grande, and enter
into any^rrangements to secure the peac^ and harmony of the
frontier, at least, until the question of boundary shall be definitively
settled between our respective governments.
I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, yo;ir obedient
servant, 2. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brigadier General U. S. A., commanding.
Senor General D. F. Mejia, ^
- Or fj-eneral commanding in Matamoras. ?
^ ^'"' '^P^"' W. W. S. BLISS, Jl. A. Gen.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1203
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camj) on the left bank of the Rio Gjande^
near Matamoras, Texas, March 30, 1846.
fiiSiR: On ray peaceful march to thit; point, on the SSth instant
and when but two or three miles from the river, two drasjoons de-
tached from our advance, disappeared, and it is understood were
taken prisoners by a party of Mexican soldiers^. About the same
t4:iie,_the horse of one of our trumpeters was forcibly taken from.
/Siini, by the same, or a similar party. I cannot believe that these
i'acts were committed by your orders, or have come to your knowl-
edge; for, in such case, I cannot doubt the men and horses would
have been returned; and I must therefore request, as I now have
the honor of doing, that the two men and three horses be restored
as early as may be convenient. I have no sincerer desire than to
preserve a good understanding between our governments; a id, to
assist ii. carrying oui that end, I trust you will see the r(:asonable-
ness of this demand, and the propriety of complying with it.
I have the honor to be. sir, very respectfully, your obedient ser-
Tant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brigadier General^ commandins;.
Senor General D. Francisco Mejia.
A true copy :
W. W. S. BUSS, ^. A. Gen.
[Translatic^a.J
Right bank of the Rio Brato,
Head- quarters^ Matamoras, March 31, 1846.
I have had the honor to receive the note of your excellency
-dated yesterday, in which you were pleased to inform me that two
dragoons, having separated themselves from a scouting party be-
iloDging to the army, under your orders, were seized b>°one of my
detachments of olservaiions, and that this party, or some other like
it, also took by force the horse of a bugler; w-hich proceedings,
your excellency does not believe, were in obedience to my orders'
nor that they can have come to my knowledge, because, in the one
or the other case, as to the men as well as to the hor^ s, they would
have, been immediately returned.
With the frankness exacted by military honor, your excellency
will permit me to observe that, after the conference which took
jplace on the 28th instant, between Generals W. Worth and Don
Romulo Diaz de la Vega, your excellency could not ask the resti-
tution which is the subject of your note, which I now answer, by
basing that demand upon the pacific march of the American troops,
which have occupied the left bank of the Bravo. It vras clearly
and explicitly shown to the commissioner of your excellency, ia
1204 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
the above mentioned conference, that the march of a foreign army
upon Mexican territory, was to be viewed as an actual invasion, and
that such was the character generally attributed to the advance of
the American troops to the point which they now occupy.
Your excellency's march, therefore, has not been pacific, inas-
much as a questidn of limits is depending between our respective
governments. This circumstance, especially, should have forbid-
den an occupation in fact, because it is not easy to conceive the
reason or justice of taking forcible possession of the very terri-
tory in dispute, pending the negotiation.
This observation is not to be interpreted in the sense, that the
legitimate dominion and inestimable right of Mexico over the de-
partment of Texas are to be placed in discussion. What I wish to
say is, that the occupation of the left bank of the Bravo, in the
present aspect of our respective nations towards each other, is a
positive declaration of war on the part of the United States, and
that, not only the army under my command has so understood it,
but also all the citizens of Mexico. In this understanding, it is
clear that hostilities having been opened by the invadirg troops,
the two dragoons, claimed by your excellency, may, with propriety,
be made prisoners, conformably to the laws of war, and that their
delivery to you is not obligatory, whatever view may be taken of
the circumstances of their capture.
However, though you have no right to exact the return of the
prisoners, not to subject myself to false testimony against Mexi-
can generosity, I shall determine that the said dragoons, with
their arms and horses, shall be returned to your excellency's camp,
and have given orders accordingly. I cannot do the same in respect
to the horse of the bugler, having no knowledge as to his having
been taken, which was probably done by some of the citizens, who,
not being soldiers, had armed themselves in defence of their
country.
All which I have the honor to say to your excellency, in answer
*n your forementioned note, assuring you of my most distinguished.,
consideration.
God and Liberty.
FRANSCISCO MEJIA.
Secor General-in-Chief
Of the, troops of the United States.
[Translation.]
Head-quarters, Mexican Army,
Matamoras, Jipril 24, 1846.
The course of events, since the declaration of the United States-
of the incorporation of Texas into the Union, are so clearly hos-
tile to Mexico, and so decidedly foreign to the dignity and prin-
ciples whicli the Americans have heretofore proclaimed in the ^ace
of nations, that it can only be believed that their policy has taken
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1205
a new course, and their moderation has been converted into a de-
sire to elevate themselves by degrading their neighbors.
The respect and consiileration which friendly nations observe to-
wards each oiher have be^n ttatnpled under foot, w})ereby the jus-
tice and excessive moderation which Mexico has observed is but
more cleaily exhibited. We are oppressed and forced into a strug-
gle which we cannot refuse, without a dereliction of the most sa-
cred duty of men.
Discussion is no part of the duty of soldiers, that is the work of
diplomatic agents; ours is to act. In this understanding, and un-
der the belief that an attempt is made to impose upon the reputed
weakness of Mexico, I am resolved to take efficient measures to
oblige the forces of the United States to respect us.
Hostilities have commenced, and I do not hesitate to assure your
excellency that arms are hereafttr to be u-^ed, and that you must
not be surprised that the troops under my command should wait for
no further signal.
The Mexicans have been calumniated as barbarous, in the most
caustic and unjust manner; the time is now at hand whea we shall
be known, and I do not believe that the troops under my command
will do anytliing to confirm such an aspersion; they will exhibit
the feelings of humanity and generosity which are genial to them.
For the first time, I tiave the honor to oft'er to your excellency,
iiiv distinguished consideration.
God and Liberty.
M. ARISTA,
General-in -chief of the Mexican forces.
Mr. Z. Taylor,
Senor Getieral-in- chief of the forces of the United States, en-
camped in front of this -place.
Head-quakters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Mata7noras, Texas, Jipril 25, 1846.
Sir: I have had the honor to receive your communication of the
24th instant, in which you advert to the causes which Mexico has
to complain of the course of the United States since the annexation
of Texas, and, after speaking of the state of war now declared to
exist, declare your intention to prosecute it.
I beg* leave to refer you to my communications to your prede-
cessor in command, particuhrly that of the 22d instant, for an ex-
position of the views which have governed me in carrying out the
intentions of my government to occupy the left bank of the Rio
Bravo, For the interests of humanity, equally dear to both coun-
tries, I had hoped that our friendly relations would not be inter-
rupted, and that the forward movement of the American army would
be regarded as a simple occupation of the territory, until the ques-
tion of boundary should be settled by diplomatic agents, to whom,
as you justly remark, the discussion is confided. 1 accordingly
refrained from any act which could possibly be interpreted into
1206 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
]> Tstility, until the peremptory summons of General Ampudia to
Tacate my posilioa within twenty-four hours, rendered it necessary
to take some action, ami I then chose a measure n^^'t in itself hos-
tile, but a simple defensive precviution, viz: a blockade of the Rio
Bravo.
From your known high character, both as a public ofHcer and
private citizen, I was strengthened in my hope that some arrange-
ment could be made by which friendly relttions might be main-
tained on the frontier, until a final settlement of the question of,
houndary, or until other definitive action should be had by our re-
spective governments. But, if such is not to be the case — if hos-
tilities are to ensue — the responsibility must rest with them who
actually commence them.
I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient
servant.
Z. TAYLOR,
Brevet Brigadier General^ commanding .
Exmo. Senor D. Mariano Arista,
General-in-chief of the Mexican forces.
A true copy;
W. W. S. BLISS, A. A. General,
[Tran-slation.]
Division of the North,
' Head-quarters, Matamoras^ May 17, 1846.
General Don Tomas Requeiia passes over to your camp, with the
object of informing your excellency of the determination of the su-
preme Mexican government as to the defensive war proclaimed by
the republic; at the same time the said gtneral will make known
other points to which his communication extends. Please receive
this note as his credentials.
I have the honor to assure ycur excellency of my high con-
sideration.
God and libertv.
MARIANO ARISTA.
Don. Z. Taylor,
Senor General-in-chief of the forces of the U. States.
No. 80.
Head-quarters, Army of Occupation,
Camp near Monterey, JVovember 2, 1847.
Sir: I have no authentic intelligence from the interior to com-
jnunicate, our reports thence being very contradictory and uncer'-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1207
tain. All is quiet, however, in our immediate front; but the guer-
rillas or robbers still infest the route from this point to Camargo.
Lieutenant Campbell, 2ii dragoons, with a party of about twenty
men, while on his way from Cerralvo, was attacked this m.orning
about 8 o'clock, by a very large body of^ rancheros, and only suc-
ceeded in rescuing his party aftor the loss of several men in killed
and wounded. Two commands of the 2d and 3d dragoons pre now
in pursuit of the attacking party. I cannot, by this mail, give
further particulars.
J shall move my head-quarters from this place on the 8th instant,
and expect to be accompanied as far, at least, as Mier, by Brigadier
General Wool, who is now here, and who desires to inspect, per- ,
sonally, the line hence to the Rio Grande.
1 am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
z. Taylor;
Major General U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army^
Washington, D. C.
War Department,
Washingtouj October 11, i347.
Sir: I have been directed by the President to transmit to you
the copy of a late despatch sent to General Scott,* and to direct
your attention to that part of it which relates to levying contribu-
tions and the treatment of guerrillas. These suggestions are to be
regarded as indicative of the policy which the government is dis-
posed to have pursued on these subjects. It is conceived, however,
that there may be reasons for not adopting it in its full vigor, and
the views of the government are not put in the shape of positive
instructions. The course to be adopted is still left to the discretion
of the commanding general, he being, from position and full know-
ledge, better able to determine the effects of the policy recom-
meaded upon our interests in Mexico.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Sei i ctiry of War.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding Army of Occupation, Monterey, Mexico.
War Department,
Washington, October 18, 1847.
Sir: The accompanying order. No. 404, issued by Brigadier
General Wool, at Buena Vista, 16th day of August last, as it dis-
misses two commissioned officers and two privates from the service
[* Despatch to General Scott, of October 6, 1847.]
1208 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
of the United States, is deemed to ic of such a character as to ren-
der it proper that it should have been submitted to you for such
action as, under the peculiar circumstances of the case, you might
have seen fit to bestow upon it; but this dofs not appear to have
been done. Without expressing a definite opinion upon the course
pursued, and without scarcely any knowledge of the unhappy oc-
currences which preceded and led to the issuing of that order, the
President has directed me to transmit it to you for such action as
you may deem proper to give to it. I am also directed by him to
send you a copy of a letter addressed by First Lieutenant Pender,
of the North Carolina regiment of volunteers, tendering his resig-
nation, and assigning his reason for not making the application for
his discharge in the usual m?nner. From these two communica-
tions, it appears that occurrences, much to be regretted, have taken
place iij the camp at Buena Vista. To the end that full informa-
tion may be obtained in relation to the alleged mutiny, and the
homicide which appears to have resulted from it, the President di-
rects you to institute a court of inquiry, to investigate all the facts
and circumstances of the transactions alluded to, and desires that
the proceedings of the court may be forwarded at your earliest
convenience to this department.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding Army of Occupation.
War Department,
Washington J October 25, 1847.
Sir: You will perceive by an order herewith sent, issued by di-
rection of the President, that he entirely disapproves of the divi-
sion order, No. 404, put forth by General Wool, dated 16th of
August last, whereby First Lieutenant Josiah S. Pender, First
Lieutenant George E. B. Singalterry, Private Jason Hunter, com-
pany A, of the North Carolina reginaent, and Private Thomas King,
of company G, Virginia regiment, are, without trial, and for aught
that appears, without being heard, dishonorably discharged from the
service of the United States, and he has ordered them to return to
their respeciive regiments and companies. The right of General
Wool to issue such an order may well be questioned. The warrant
for such a procedure is not found in the rules and articles of war,
or in the laws of the land, nor is it sanctioned by any usage of the
service which has come to the knowledge of this department. It
is a proceeding repugnant to the most obvious dictates of justice,
which requires that every person under accusation for a crime
should have the benefits of a trial; should have an opportunity to
be heard in his defence, before he is branded with the ignominy of
being guilty; and more particularly is it so, if the crime, as in this
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
1209
case, is one which merits the punishment of f!eath, and reflects on
the accused an infamy that abirlts with them through life, and be-
comes an inheritance of dishonor to their posterity. It is not pro-
posed by the President, in 'his or any case, to do anything to relax
the salutary rules of discipline in the army, but to uphold them,
and to give all needful countenance and su])port to those whor.e
unpleasant duty it is to enforce them. The officers and men dis-
niissedjby the order referred to, are not sent back to the army with
the expectation or desire that any offences they'may have commit-
ted should be overlooked, but for the purpose of giving an oppor-
tunity to deal with them as they shall have deserved. It is only
in this vray that the imputation of crime cast upon them, if un-
founded, can be effectually rebutted. If guilty of what is charged
in the order, let them be punished by a sentence of a court mar-
tial. As their dismissal was unauthori.'sed, it will constitute no
obstacle to proceedings agains- them in the usual mode of trial.
The transactions from which this dismissal resulted are of a char-
acter to arrest public attention, and particularly the attention of
the government, and call for a careful scrutiny. It concerns all
who have had any direct pprticipation in 'them that full investiga-
tion should be raade, and all the facts incorporated into an authen-
tic record. It is for this reason that the President has directed, as
I notified you in my communication of the l8th instant, that they
should be m^de the subject of a court of inquiry.
It seems that a state of things existed in the camp at Buena
Vista which, in the judgment of General Wool, authorized him to
dismiss, sum-marily and without trial, officers and men from service,
stigmatized in a public order as participants in one of the highest
and most infamous military ofl'ences. It is of the utmost import-
ance to this officer of high military rank and distinguished ser-
vices, that this matter should be fully investigated; nor is it of
less ipjporlance to Colonel Paine, commanding officer of the North
Carolina regiment, thatlie should have the facts and circumstances
which led to the death of one soldier and the wounding of another
by his own hands, thoroughly investigated and authentically estab-
lished. To this subject it is requested that the inquiries of the
court should be particularly directed.
While the government feels itself bound, from high considerations
connected with the best interests of tiie service*, to sustain all offi-
cers in the rightful exercise of their proper authority, it is bound
by an equal obligation to guard the rights of those subject to their
ccmtiand, and to afford them protection against oppression and
wrong.
The government has, I trust, been careful not to give more than
due consideration to the complaints of those who feel aggrieved,
and to the representations of others, who sym.pathise in their sup-
posed injuries; and, under a sense of duty, it coulil not do less
than to call for a full inquiry into them. To show that these com-
plaints and representations came in such a shape, and so vouched,
as to command the attention of the President, and also, in order to
bring to your notice the persons whom it may be proper to exam-
1210 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
ine as witnesses, I ser.d you copies of some of the communications
•which have been a.-^dressed to the Prtsident and to this depart-
ment, on the unfortunate occurrences herein referred to.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MAIICY,
Secretary of War.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Comraanding Army of Occupation^ Moiterey, Mexico.
List of papers referred to in the foregoing letter.
Lieutenant Pender's letter to the Secretary of War, October 22,
Letter of Mississippians to Mr. Walker, and referred to Secre-
tary of War.
Letter of William Vandyke Neill.
Letter of Assistant Surgeon McRea.
Certificate of surgeon and assistant.
Certificate of two lieutenants.
Letter signed by Captain Roberts and others.
Copy of General Wool's order. No. 404; and
Colonel Paine's order discharging Lieutenant Pender, «&c., &c.
War Department,
Adjutant GeneraVs Office^ Washington^ Jiovember 6, 1847.
General: Your letter dated October 4th, requesting leave of ab-
sence for the period of six months, was this day received, and sub-
mitted to the Secretary of Warj and I am instructed to say, that,
considering the long absence from your home and family, the very
arduous and distinguished services rendered in the important com-
mand assigned to you, your request is deemed reasonable, and is
readily granted by the President.
I am further directed to say, it is hoped that the exigencies of
the war will iiot be sucL as to render it desirable to have you to
return to the field ffefore the expiration of the leave now accorded
to you.
It is expected, as a matter of course, that you will turn over
your command to Brig. Gen. Wool, the officer next in rank.
Wishing you a safe return to your family and friends, I am, gen-
eral, with great respect, your obedient servant,
R. JONES,
^, , Adjutant General.
Major General Z. Taylor,
Commanding Army of Occupation^
MatamoraSy Mexico.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 121
No. 81.
Head-quarters, Aemy or Occupation,
Camargo, JYovemher 14, 1847.
Sir: I respectfully report that I left my camp, near Monterey,
on the 8th instant, and arrived without incident at this place yes-
terday. You will perceive by the orders sent in this mail that, in
anticipation of leaving the country, I have turned over the com-
mand of all the troops, in advance of Matamoras, to Brigadier Gen-
eral Wool. That officer has accompanied me huher, and will
leave to-morrow on his return to Monterey, having inspected the
posts and depots on this part of the line. I shall also leave to-
morrow, and expect to reach Matamoras on the 17th instant.
At the date of my departure from Monterey, nothing of interest
had reached us from the interior, nor has anything important been
reported from the front since that time.
I enclose Lieutenant Campbell's official report of his late affair
with a guerrilla party, near Agua Fria, by which it will be seen
that he sustained himself creditably against many times his force.
The death of Marco Martinez in this action is well confirmed, and
is important, for he was, perhaps, the most active of the guerrilla
chiefs on this line.
A mounted command from Cerralvo, under the orders of Cap-
tain Reid, of the Texas cavalry, succeeded, on the 7th instant, in
surprising a guerrilla camp, bt^tween Ramos and Capadero, killing
two men, securing a large number of horses and mules, and a quan-
tity of arms, saddles, &c. The line hence to Monterey is now quite
free of hostile parties, and the patrols kept out from Mier and Cer-
ralvo add great security to the road.
Should my application to leave Mexico be granted, and the ab-
sence of Brifradier General Brooke from New Orleans be necessa-
lily prolonged, it may meet the views of the department to place
me, until his return, in command at that point, I have only to sig-
nify my readiness for such temporary duty, if the public interest
can be thereby benefitted.
I have to acknowledge your communication of the 16th instant,
relative to withholding from the pay of the Mississippi regiment
certain amounts refunded by the United States, which has been re-
ferred to Brigadier General Wool, to whose particular command
the regiment belongs; also copies of your communications to Bri-
gadier General Wool, of October 9th, and Colonel Wilson, of Octo-
ber 11th, and " special orders," No. 49 to 53, inclusive. The re-
turn of the troops, in and near Monterey, will be forwarded at the
earliest moment possible.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General U. S. A.^ commanding.
The Adjutant General of the Army,
Washington^ D. C.
1212 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Camp near Monterey, JVovember 3, 1847.
Major: I have the honor to report, for the information of the com-
manding general, the detsils of an en<jagement I had with the enemy,
near Agua Fria, on the morning of the 2il instant. 1 left Cerralvo
on the morning of the 1st, wiih. a detachment of twenty dragoons
of the second regiment, one lieutenant, and two privates of Cap-
tain Reid's company Texas rangers. Three miles beyond Agua
Fria, on the morning of the 2d, my commaiid was fired upon irom
the rear by a body of Mexicans, who emerged from a thick chap-
paral by the roadside. This force I immediately charged and dis-
persedj in the pursuit, I discovered two other detachments of the
enemy, until theh hid by the thick underbrush, that I successively
charged and succeeded in driving to positions where my sabres
could be of little use. At this time, I found I had one man killed,
several wounded and dismounted, and finding that it was necessary,
for the protection of the latter, that the enemy should be defeated
and driven back, I dismounted my force, and taking advantage of
a dense chapparal to protect my small command from ten times the
number opposed to me, the engagement was recommenced with re-
newed vigor. I was now surrounded by the enemy; and the range
of the escopettes being greater than carbines, they fired upon me,
and Avounded ray men and horses with comparative impuniiy. My
fire was reserved until an opportunity occurred to make it teli.
Such a state of things continued for half an hour, at the expiration
of which their fire slackened; when, seeing some broken ground a
short distance from me, I proceeded thithtr without further moles-
tation, and placed my command in a ravine.
f Tiie enemy retired, and I neither saw or heard anything of them
after securing this position.
I would state that the notorious bandit, El Mancho, (one arm,)
sometimes called Martinez, was in command of the party opposed
to me. I have since learned that he, and five others, were killed
during the engagement, and a much larger nut.iber wounded.
Lieutenant Clark, Texas rangers, was of much assistance to me,
and behaved in a commendable manner throughout the affair. With,
the exception of two privates, a dragoon, and a ranger, who were
not Seen after the fight commenced, and made unnecessary haste
into camp, the men of the command behaved themselves in a most
exemplary manner.
I submit a list of the killed, wounded, and missing:
Killed. — Three privates, of dragoons.
Missing. — One private, of dragoons.
Wounded. — Lieutenant Clark, Texas rangers.
" Seven privates, 2d dragoons.
^' One Texas ranger.
Very respectfully, your obedient servan*^,
R. B. CAMPBELL,
1st Lieutenant 2d Dragoons.
Major W. W. S. Bliss,
Assistant Adjutant General^ U. S. A.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 12ia
No. 82.
Head-quakters, Army of Occupation,
MatamoraSj Jfovemher 23, 1847.
Sir: I arrived at this place on the 17th instant, and shall leave
this day for the Brazos, where I propose to turn over the entire
command on this line to Brigadier G.-.eral Wool, having this me-
ment received your communication, ot November 6th, granting me
leave of absence for six months. 1 shall make a special acknowl-
edgment of that comir.unication, and shall address you on some
other points when I reach the Brazos.
I have not heard from the interior since leaving Camargo. Here
all is quiet, und 1 have found tht command on the river generally
in good order. . .
I have respectfully to acknowledge the comraucications of the
Secretary of War, of October 18th and 25th, with enclosures, cora-
n^unications from your office, of October 22d, 25th, 29th, 30th, and
November 6th and 8th; copies of your letters to Colonel Ham-
tranck, of October 23d, and Brevet Lieutenant Colonel May, of
October 26th; special orders, Nos. 54 to 60, inclusive; and a copy
of the corrected army register.
My "orders," No. 129, and "special orders," No. 138, will show
the action taken en your communications, of October 22ii, 29ih3^
and 30th. In regard to the practice of furloughing men for em-
ployment in the statF departments, I would remark that it has
existed to only a limited extent, and only in the volunteer service;
and that it has been tolerated from the necessities of the service and
the impossibility, at times, of ol^taining in any other way teamsters
and other indispensable laborers. It will be seen from my "special
orders," No. 136, that Major Porter has obtained a leave of ab-
sence for the b»>nefit of his health, after which he will join his
regiment on the other line.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Major General U. S. A.y commanding.
The Adjutant General of the ./irmy,
Washingtonj D, C.
No. 83.
Head-qual ex; A....xY of Occupation,
Brazos island^ JVovember 24, 1817.
Sir: I would respectfully represent that the long and faith^'ul
services of Colonel Whiting, as chief of the quartermaster's de-
partment on this line of operations, seem to entitle hira to relief;
and I hoped that he would, ere this, receive authority to withdraw
from the field; but such ^s not the case, and the absence of any
regular field officer of t-e department on this line renders it ne-
cessary to retaJn him. If it meet the views of his chief, and of
■
ir;^
x:^ *K. *.. nt:
jii.
f
-"
'; i
.
-
1
Z
^-
1
^ .^ -^1 i T " ^ 3H^
F .-_-
.3^,^
1
-^
■^^
~
-
- - -r^
t
i
1
-
-_. ,-r-— « -
1
-
]
frt
1216 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE SECRETARY OF WAR
AND GENERAL SCOTT.
MESSAGE
OF THE
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES,
TRANSMITTING
The correspondence between the Secretary of War and Major
?JT?l ^''^^:"'^^' [f^^ accompanying documents, in compliance
with the resolution oj the House of Representatives of the 11th
instant. ^
April 26, 1848.
Laid upon the table, and ordered to be printed.
To the House of Representatives of the United States:
I communicate, herewith, a report of the Secretary of War, with
accompanying documents, submitted by him as embracing the pa^
pers and the correspondence between the Secretary of War and
Major General Scott called for by the resolution of^he House of
Representatives of the 17th instant.
■xxT n .. JAMES K. POLK
Washington, Jipril 2b j 1848. J^^^iv.
War Departmevt, April 24, 1848.
nfl'lVfh^r'"'""^ ^° ^,""'" ''^T^' ^ herewith submit to you copies
of all the correspondence and papers called for by the resolution
of the House of Representatives of the 17th instant. Amonff the
Fhr97th':rn ^K"■' '^^^^^ "^ '^^ -memoranda," or projets of
isle October, and 12th, 16th, and the 21st of Novtmber,
Though presented to, or laid before the Secretary of War bj
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1217
Major General Scott while in this city, they were not considered
as a part of tbe "correspondence" between thera, and, consequent-
ly, were not embraced in the former resoluUon of the House,
There being no "letters or despatches" of these dates, it is pre-
sumed tht)t the last resolution has reference to these memoranda,
or "memorials," as they are called in the accompanying letter
from Major General Scott, of February 24, 1848, and are furnished
together with the correspondence. In addition to these, I have
also included a few other memoranda presented by him to me
since the commencement of the war, being all of that character in
this office. I have not included in these memoranda endorsements
by Major General Scott on letters which passed through his
hands, directed or referred to the Secretary of War.
Ver}'" respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
To the President
, Of the United States.
Memorandum of correspondence and papers furnished^ in coinpli-
ance with the resolution of the House of Representatives^ dated,
April 17, 1848.
General Scott to the Secretary of War February 24, 1848.
The Secretary of War to General Scott April 21, 1848.
General Jesup to the Secretary of War February 18, 1848.
Same to the same '. April 17, 1848.
Same to the same April 18, 1848.
Memorandum of General Scott, relative to
new appointments of assistant adjutant
general June 19, 1846.
Memorandum of General Scott, submitting
papers relative to prisoners of War June 23, 1846.
Memorandum pf General Scott, relative to
military chest July 2, 1846.
E,emarks of General Scott on letter of Gov-
ernor Edwards, respecting an increase of
General Kearny's command July 17, 1846.
Order proposed by General Sco-t. "ssigning
General Worth to his brevet rank September 5, 1846.
Prajet by General Scott^ on the subject of
martial law October 8, 1846.
Remarks of General Scott, on the authority
of the President to confer brevets during
the recess of the Senate October, 1846.
List of persons recommended by General
Scott for the place of assistant adjutant
general October XS46.
77
1218 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Memorial. — Vera Cruz and its castle October 27, 1846.
Do Vera Cruz and its castle — supple-
raenl November 12, 1846=
Do Memorandums for the Secretary of
' War November 16, 1846„
Do Memorandums for the Secretary of
War November 21, 1846o
l^otes suggesting topics to be embraced in in-
structions to General Scott November 23, 1846,
General Scott to the Secretary of War.
Mkxico, February 24, 1848.
Sir: On the 18th instant, I received your two letters, of the ISta
ultimo, and immediately issued the general order. No. 59, (a copy
enclose*',) devolving the command of the army in Mexico upon
Major General Butler.
As the officers detailed for the court of inquiry before which I
am ordered to appear as a criminalj are not known to have arrived
in the country, 1 avail myself of a moment's leisure to re .all some
of the neglects, disappointments, injuries and rebukes, which have
been inflicted upon me by the War Department, since my departure
from Washington, November 23, 1846.
To me, the business of re-crimination, however provoked, has
ever been painful. In this summary I shall, therefore, indulge in
no wantonness of language, but confine mjself to naked historical
facts, leaving concl«sions to men of sense and candor.
In the hurry of preparation for Mexico, (only four days were
allowed me at Washington — when twenty might have been most
advantageously employed in the great bureaux — those of the chief
engineer's, chief of ordnance, chief quartermaster's and chief commis-
sary of subsistence,) I handed to you a written request that one of
three of our accomplished captains, therein mentioned, might heap-
pointed assistant adjutant general, with the rank of major, for duty
with me in the field, and there was a vacancy, at the time, for one.
My request has never been attended to, and thus I have had no
officer of the adjutant general's department with me in the campaign.
Can another instance be cited of denying to a general-in-chief, in
the field, at the head of a large army, or even a small one, the
selection of his chief of the staff — that is, the chief in the depart-
ment of orders and correspondence?
Early in the following January, I asked that a general court mar-
tial might be appointed, on the part of the President, for the trial
of two officers (named by me) for conduct each had committed,
that endangered, in a high degree, the success of the impending
campaign; and 1 specially referred to the anomalous and fatal act
of Congress, (May 29, 1839,) which prohibited me, as the ''accuser
or prosecutor," from ordering the court for the irial of the cases.
My application has- never been noticed. This neglect alone ought
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1219
leorly to have eflmonished me that I had no hope of support at
Washington, in any attempt I might make (against certain officers)
to maintain necessary discipline in the array I was about to lead
into the field.
I left Washington highly flattered with the confidence and kind-
ness the President had just shown me, in many long nersonal inter-
views on military matters. For more than two months my expres-
sions of gratitude were daily and fervent, nor were they much less
emphatic towards the head of the War Department. Proceeding
with zeal and confidence in my most" hazardous duties, I learned,
January 27, at the Brazos San Jago, that an attempt was on foot to
create a lieutenant general to take command in the field over me.
Shocked and distressed, I allowed of no re'axation in my efforts to
serve my country, resolved that, for the short time I was likely to
remain in commission, to be
" True as the dial to the sun,
Although it be not shined upon."
A yet greater outrage soon followed : failing to obtain an act for
the citizen lieutenant general, a bill was pressed upon Congress to
authorize the placing a junior major general, just appointed, (the
same individual,) in command over all the old major generals then
in front of the enemy!
I will not here trust myself to add a soldier's comment upon those
attempts, but I may thank God that He did not allow them, or sub-
sequent injuries, to break dovvn, entirely, the spirit and abilities
(such as they are) with which He had endowed me.
Foreseeing at Washington that, from the great demands of com-
merce at the moment, it would be difficult, if not impossible, to
take up, perhaps at any price, a sufficient number of vessels at New
Orleans and Mobile to transport the regiments of my expedition
from the Rio Gr^'.nde frontier to Vera Cruz, I endeavored to impress
upon the War Department the necessity of sending out from the
northern and eastern ports a certain number of large ships in bal-
last, in order that the expedition might not be delayed, and in view
of " the fixed fact," the return of the vomito at Vera Cruz in the
spring of the year, a delay of a few weeks was likely to prove a
total defeat.
In a paper transmitted to me, headed " memorandum for the
quartermaster general," marked " War Department, December 15.
1846," and signed by the secretary, which I received January 8, it
is said: " Independently of this number of transports for troops and
ordnance stores, [from the north] there will be required, say, five
ships for the transportation of the {surfj boats nov.^ being pre-
pared, besides which, ten vessels must be taken up r-nd sent DUt in
ballast, [for trocps,j unless stores can be put on board, to make up
the number (40) required by the commanding" general."
The date of this memorandum is December 15, more than three
• weeks after iny rtq'.iisition and departure from Washington. Of not
one of the "ten vessels," in ballast, or with stores, (leaving room
1220 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
for troops,) have I heard up to this day. Relying upon them, con-
fidently, the embarkation was delayed in whole or in part, at the
Brazos and Tampico, from the 15th of January to the 9th of March,
leaving, it was feared, not half the time needed for the reduction
of Vera Cruz and its castle before the return of the yellow fever.
But half the surf boats came at all, and of the siege train and
ordnance stores, only about one-half had arrived when the Mexi-
can?* flags were replaced by those of the United States on those
foimidable places. We succeeded at last in reaching the point of
attack, in the midst of frightful northers^ by means, in great part
of trading craft, small and hazardous, picked up accidently at the
Brazos and Tampico, and when the army got ashore, its science
and valor had to supply all deficiencies in heavy guns, mortars, and
ordnance stores.
The first letter that I received from the department, after enter-
ing the captured city, contained an elaborate rebuke, (dated Feb-
ruary 22,) for having ordered Colonel Harney, 2(1 dragoons, to re-
main in the command of the cavalry with Major General Taylor, so
as to leave Major Sumner, of the same regiment, the senior of that
arm, in my expedition. There was no great difference in the num-
ber of cavalry companies with the armies.
This rebuke was written with a complacency that argued the
highest professional experience in such matters, and could not have
been more confident in its tone if dictated to the greenest general
of the recent appointments. Yet, without the power of selecting
commanders of particular corps, no general-in-chief would venture
to take upon himself the conduct of a critical campaign. Such
selections were always made by the father of his country, and the
principal generals under him. So in the campaign of 1814, I my-
self sent away, against their wishes, three senior field officers, of as
many regiments, who were infirm, uninstructed, and inefficient, in.
favor of three juniors, and with the subsequent approbation of Ma-
jor General Brown, on his joining me, and the head of the War
Department. Both were well acquainted with the customs of war, in
like cases, at home and abroad; and without that energy on my
part, it is highly probable that no American citizen would ever
have cited the battles of the Niagara without a sigh for his country.
I am happy, however, that before a word had been received from
the department, and indeed before it could have had any knowledge
of the question, I had decided to take with rae the frank and gal-
lant colonel, and hope soon to learn that he and very many othqr
officer., have been rewarded with brevets for their highly distin-
".v-«:he:1 services in the campaign that followed.
:. . \v.-s in reference to the same rebuke that, in acknowledging
your communication, I said, from Vera Cruz, April 5, "I might
very well controvert the military principles so confidently laid
down by the department, [in the letter of the 22d February,] but
believing that the practice of the United States army, in the two
wars with Great Britain, would have no weight in the jjarticular
ca.ie, I waive further reply: having, at the moment, no leisure and"
no inclination for controversy."
Ex. Doc. No 60. 1221
Alluding to the heavy disappointments, in respect to transports,
siege train, and ordnance stores, then already experienced, I wrote
to the department from Lobos, February 28: "Perhaps no expedi-
tion was ever so unaccountably delayed — by no want of foresight,
arrangement, or energy on my part, as I dar§ affirm — and under cir-
cumstances the mcst critical to this entire army; for every body
relied upon and knew, from the first, as well as I knew, it would be
fatal to us to attempt military operations on this coast after, proba-
bly, the first week in April; and here we are at the end of Febru-
ary. Nevertheless this array is iii heart; and crippled as I am in
the means required and promised, I shall go forward, and expect to
take Vera Cruz and its castle in time to escape, by pursuing the
enemy, the pestilence of the coast."
The city and castle were captured March 29, and, with about one-
fourth of the necessary means for a road train, (no fault of mine,)
the retreat, in pursuit of the enemy, was vigorously commenced
April 8. The battle of Cerro Gordo soon followed, and we occu-
pied Jiilapa and Perote, where we were obliged to wait for supplies
from Vera Cruz. In those positions I was made to writhe under
another cruel disappointment.
In my four memorials, to the department, on the further prosecu-
tion of the war against Mexico, written at Washington, and dated,
respectively, October 27, November 12, 10, and 21, (it was only
intimated to me in the night of November 18, that I might prepare
rnyself for the field,) papers in which I demonstrated that Vera
Cruz was the true base of operations, and that the enemy's capital
could not, probably, be reached from the Rio Grande, I estimated
that after taking that great seaport, " about 20,000 men," or " an
army of more than 20,000 men may be needed; 1. To beat, in the
field and in passes, any accumulated force in the way; 2. To garri-
son many important points in the rear, to secure a free communica-
tion with Vera Cruz; and 3. To make distant detachments, in order
to gather in, without long halts, necessary subsistence." And that
force, I supposed, including volunteers, and aided by land and
money bounties, might be raised in time by adding ten or twelve
new regiments of regulars, and filling up the ranks of the old.
A bill was introduced for raising ten additional regular regiments,
and I certainly do not mean to charge the department with the
whole delay in passing the bill through Congress. But it was
passed, February 11, 1847, and under it, by early in April, some
few thousand men had been already raised and organized. My dis-
tress may be conceived, by any soldier, on learning at Jalapa, April
27ih, that the whole of that force had been sent, under Brigadier
General Cadwalader, to the Rio Grande frontier.
In my letter to the department, written the day after, I said, I had
expected that " detachments of the new regiments, would, as you
had promised me, begin to arrive in this month, and continue to
follow perhaps in June." " How many (volunteers) will re-engage
under the act approved March 3, (only received two days ago,) I
know not; probably but few. Hence, the greater my disappoint-
ment caused by sending the new troops to the Rio Grandej for,
1S22 . Ex. Doc. No. 60.
besides their keeping the road in our present rear open for xn.'nj
weeks, by marches in successive detachments, I had intended, as I
advanced, to leave strong garrisons in this place, [Jalapa, [ in Perote,
and Puebla, and to keep at the head of the movement, a force equal
to any probabl o opposition. It may now depend on the number of
the old volunteers who may re engage, and the number of new
troops that may arrive from the Brazos in time; as also, in some
degree, upon the advance of Major General Taylor, whether I shall
find this army in strength to leave the garrisons and to occupy the
capital."
I may add, that only about fifty individuals of the old volunteers
re-engaged under the provisioii of the act of March. 3; that the
remainder were discharged May 4; that Major General Taylor
made no movement in advance of Saltillo, and that the new regu-
lars, inchiding Cadwalader's brigade, only began to come up with
me, at 1 uebla, in July, but not in sufficient numbers till August
6. The next day the army commenced its advance upon the capi-
tal with a little more than 10,000 effective mt^n.
It is not extravagant to say that, if Brigadier General Cadwala-
der's forces had not been diverted from me, to the Rio Grande,
where he was made to lose, without any benefit to Major General
Taylor, much precious time, i might easily have taken this city in
the month of June, and* at one filth of the loss sustained in August
and September. The enemy availed himSelf of my forced delay,
at Puebla, to collect, to treble, to organize and discipline liis forces,
as also to erect numerous and powerful defences v.-ith batteries.
Nearly all those extraordinary preparations, for oar reception, were
made after the middle of June. And it is known that the news of
the victory of Buena Vista reached Washington in time to counter-
mand Cadwalader's orders for the Rio Grande, before his departure
from New Orleans. Two rifle companies with him received the
countermand there and joined me early.
I know that I had the misfortune to give offence to the depart-
ment by expressing myself to the same effect, from Jalapa, May 6.
In a report of that date, I said:
"The subject of that order (No. 135 — old volunteers) has given
me long and deep solicitude. To part with so large and so re-
spectable a portion of this array in the middle of a country, which,
though broken in its power, is not yet disposed to sue for peace;
to provide for the return heme of seven regiments, from this in-
terior position, at a time, when I find it quite diflficult to provide
transportation and supplies for the operating forces which remain;
end all this without any prospect of succor or reinforcement, in
perhaps, the next seven months — beyond some 300 army recruits —
present novelties utterly unknown to any invading army before.
With the addition of ten or twelve thousand new^ levies in April and
May — asked for, and, until very recently, expected — or even with
the addition of two or three thousand new troops, destined for this
arrny, but suddenly, by the orders of the War Department, diverted
to the Rio Grande frontier, I might, notwithstanding the unavoid-
able discharge of the old volunteers — seven regiments and two in-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1223
dependent companies — advance with confidence upon tlie enemy's
capital. I shall, nevertheless, advance; but whether beyond Pue-
bla, will depend on intervening information and reflection. The
general panic given to the enemy at Cerro Gordo still remaining,
I think it probable that we shall go to Mexico, or, if the enemy
recover from that, we must renew the consternation by another
blow."
Thufs, like Cortez, finding myself isolated and abandoned, and
again like him, always afraid that the next ship or messenger might
recall or farther cripple me, I resolved no longer to depend on
Vera Cruz or home, but to render my little array "a self-sustain-
ing machine^^ — as I informed everybody, including the head of the
War Department — and advance to Puebla.
It was in reference to the foregoing serious causes of complaint
and others to be found in my reports at large — particular!} in re-
spect to money for the disbursing staff officers, clothing, and Mr.
Trist, commissioner — that I concluded my report from Puebla, June
4, in these words: ,
"Considering the many cruel disappointments and mortification.
I have been made to feel since I lelt Washington, and the total
•want of support or sympathy on the part of the War Department,
which I have so long experienced, I beg to be recalled from this
army the moment it may be safe for any person to embark at Vera
Cruz; v/hich, I suppose, will be early m November. Probably all
fitld operations will be over long before that time."
But my next report (July 25th) from Puebla, has, no doubt, iti the
end, been deemed more unpardonable by the department. In that
paper, after speaking of the "happy change in my relations, both
official and pri\ /e, with Mr. Trist," I continued:
"Since about the 26th ultimo, [June,] our intercourse has been
frequent and cordial; and I found him [Mr. T.j able, discreet, cour-
teous, and amiable. At home it so chanced that we had had but
the slightest possible acquaintance with each other. Hence, more
or less of reciprocal prejudice, and of the existence of his feelings
towards me, I knew (by private letters) before we met, that at
least a part of the cabinet had a full intimation.
"Siill, the pronounced misunderstanding between Mr. Trist and
inyself could not have occurred, but for other circumstances: 1.
His being obliged to send forward your letter of April 14th, in-
stead of delivering it in person, with the explanatory papers which
he desired to commuuicate. 2. His bad health in May and June^
which, I am happy to say, has n^w become good; and 3. The ex-
treme mystification into which your letter — and particularly an in-
terlineation— unavoidably threw me.
"So far as I am concerned, I am perfectly willing that all I
have heretofore written to the department about Mr. Trist, should
"be suppressed. I make this declaration as due to ray present es-
teem for that gentlemen; but a k no favor, and desire none, at the
Lands of the department. Justice to myself, however tardy, I shall
take care to have done. * * * * * # *
"I do not acknowledge the justice of either of your rebukes con-
1224 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
tained in tne letter of May 31, [in relation to Mr. Trist and the
prisoners at Cerro Gordo,] and that I do not here triumphantly vin-
dicate myself, is not from the want of willj means, or ability, but
time.
"The first letter (dated February 22) received from you at Vera
Cruz, contained a censure, and I am now rebuked for the unavoid-
able— nay, wise, if it had not been unavoidable — release <Sn parole
of the prisoners taken at Cerro Gordo; even before one word of
commendation from govirnment has reached this army on account
of its gallant conduct in the^apture of those prif -^ners. [No such
commendation has yet been received, February, 1848.] So, in re-
gular progression, 1 may — should the same army gallantly bear me
into the city of Mexico, in the next six or seven weeks, which is
probable, if we are not arrested by a peace or a truce — look to be
dismissed from the service of my country! You will perceive that
I am aware (as I have long been) of the dangers which hang over
me at home; but I, too, am a citizen of the United States, and well
know the obligations imposed, under all circumstances, by an en-
slightened patriotism.
"In respect to money, I beg again to report that the chief com-
missary (Captain Grayson) of this army has not received a dollar
from the United States, sinct? we landed at Yera Cruz, March 9.
He now owes more than $200,000, and is obliged to purchase, on
credit, at great disadvantages. The chief quartermaster (Captain
Irwin) has received perhaps $60,000 dollars, and labors under like
incumbrances. Both have sold drafts to small amounts, and bor-
rowed largely of the pay department, which has received about
half the money estimated for. Consequently the troops have some
four months' pay due them. Our poverty, or the neglect of the
disbursing departments at home, has been made known, to our
shame, in the papers of the capital here, through a letter from
Lieutenant Colonel Hunt, that was found on the person of the spe-
cial messenger from Washington.
"The army is also suffering greatly from the want of necessary
clothing, including blankets, and great-coats. The new troops,
(those who have last arrived,) as destitute as the others, were first
told that they would find abundant supplies at New Orleans; next,
at Yera Cruz, and finally here; whereas, we now have, perhaps, a
thousand hands engaged in making shoes and (out of bad materials
and at high cost) pantaloons. These articles, about 3,000 pairs of
each, are absolutely necessary to cover the nakedness of the troopE,
"February 28th, off Lobos, I wrote to Brigadier General Brookej
to direct the quartermaster at New Orleans to send to me large sup-
plies of clothing. March 16 and 23, General Brooke replied that
the quartermaster at Nev/ Orleans, had 'neither clothing nor shoes, ^
and that he was 'fearful that unless they have been sent out to you
direct, you will be much disappointed.'
"Some small quantity of clothing, perhaps one-fifth of our wants,
came to Yera Cruz, from some quarter, and followed us to Jalapa
and this place."
I must here specially remark, that this report, No. 30, tho
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1225
forwarded the night of its date, (July 25,) seems to have mis-
carried. Perceiving, about November 27, that it was not acknowl-
edged by the department, I caused a duplicate to be made, signed
it, and sent it off by the same conveyance with ray despatch No.
36, and the charges against Brevet Major General Worth, Major
General Pillow, and Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Duncan, together
with the appeal against me, of the former. All these papers are
acknowledged b}'^ the department in the same letter, January 13,
that recalls me.
It was that budget of papers that c^sed the blow of power, so
long suspended, to fall on a devoted head. The three arrested
officers, and he who had endeavored to enforce a necessary discip-
line ngainst them, are all to be placed together before the same
court. The innocent and the guilty, the accuser and the accused,
the judge and his prisoners, are dealt with alike. Most impartial
justice! But there is a discrimination with a vengeance! While
the parties are on trial — if the appealer is to be tried at all, which
seems doubtful — two are restored to. their corps — one of them with
his brevet rank, and I am deprived of my command. There can
be but one step more in the same direction; throw the rules and
articles of war into the fire, and leave all ranks in the army free to
engage in denunciations, and a general scramble for precedence,
auth<')rity, and executive favor. The pronunciajnento, on the part
of my factious juniors, is most triumphant.
r.Ty recall — under the circumstances a severe punishment before
trial, but to be followed by a trial here that may run into the au-
turr^n, and on matters I am but partially permitted to know by the
department and my accusers — is very ingeniously placed on two
grounds: 1. My own request, meaning that of June 4, (quoted
above, and there was no other before the depa^-tment,) which had
been previously (July 12) acknowledged and rebukingly declined.
2. The arrest of Brevet Major General Worth, for writing to the
department, "under the pretext and form of an appeal," an open
letter, to be sent through me, in which I was grossly and falsely
accused of "malice'" and "conduct unbecoming an officer and gen-
tleman," in the matter of the general order. No. 349, on the subject
of puffing letters for the newspapers at home.
On that second point, the letter from the department of January
13 is more than ingenious; it is elaborate, subtle, and profound; a
professional dissertation, with the rare merit of teaching princi-
ples, until now, wholly unknown to military codes and treatises,
and of course to all mere soldiers, however great their experience
in the field.
I have not, in this place, time to do more than hint at the fatal
consequences of the novel doctrine in question. According to the
department, any factious junior may, at his pleasuie, in the midst
of the enemy, using "the pretext and form of an appeal" against
his commander, insult and outrage him to the grossest extent, though
he be the general-in-chief, and charged with the conduct of the
most critical operations^ and that commander may not arrest the
incipient mutineer until he shall have first laid down his own au-
1236 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
thority, and submitted himselj to a trial, or wait, at least, until a
distaui: period of leisure for a judicial examination of the appeal!
And this is "precisely the case under consideration. The depart-
ment, in its eagerness to condemn rae, could not take time to learn
of the experienced ti;at the general-in-chief who once submits to
an outrage from a junior, must lay his account to suffer the like
from all the vicious under him; at least, doAvn to a rank that may
be supposed without influence in high quarters beyond the army.
But this would not be the whole mischief to the public service.
Even the great mass of the spirited, intelligent, and well affected,
among his brothers in arms, would soon reduce such commander to
utter imbecility, by holding him in just scorn and contempt for his
recreancy to himself and country, ^nd are discipline and efficiency
of no value in the field!
But it was not my request of June 4, nor report No. 30, (of July
25,) so largely quoted from above, nor yet the appeal of one pro-
nunciado^ that has at length brougiat down upon me this visitation,
so clearly predicted. That appeal, no doubt, had its meritsj con-
sidering it came from an erratic brother — a deserter from the other
extreme — who, having just made his peace with the true faith, was
bound to signalize aposlacy by acceptable denunciations of one for
whom, up to Vera Cruz, he had professed (wnd not without cause)
the highest obligations. (It was there he learned from me that I
was doomed at Washington, and straightway the apostate began to
seek, through a quarrel, the means of turning that knowledge to
bis own benefit.) No, there was (recently) still another element
associated in the work, kept, as far as practicable, out of the let-
ter of recall; an influence proceeding from the other arrested gen-
eral, who is quite willing that it should generally be understood
(and who shall gainsay his significant acquiescencel) thai al! re-
wards and punishments in this army were, from the first, to follow
his recommendations. This the more [)0werful of the pronunciados
against No. 349 well knew, at the time, as I soon knew that he
was justly obnoxious not only to the animadversions of that order,
but to other censures of yet a much graver character.
In respect to this general, the letter of recall observes, paren-
thetically, but with an acumen worthy of more than -" a hasty"
notice, ttiat some of my specifications of his misconduci. '• are
hardly consistent with your [my] official reports and commenda-
tions."
Seemingly this is a most just rebuke. But, waiting for the trials,
I will here briefly state, that unfortunately I followed th-A gen-
eral's own reports, written and oral; that my confidence lent him in
advance, had been but very slightly shaken as early as the first
week in October; that up to that time, from our entrance into this
city, I had been at the desk, shut out from personal intercourse
with my brother officers, and that it was not till after that con-
finement that facts, conduct, and motives, began to pour in upon
me.
A word as to the 5th article of war. 1 can truly say that ia
this and other communications, I have not designed the slightest
Ex. Doc. No 60. 1227
disrespect to the commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the
Ufiited States. No doubt lie, like myself and all others, may fall
into mistakes as to particular men; and I cannot, having myself
been behind the curtain, admit the lefjal fiction that all acts of a
secretary are the acts of the President, l-'et, in my defensive
statements, I have offered no wanton disconrtesy to the head of
the War Departrr ^n.;, -ithough that functionary is not in the enu-
meration of the above mentioned article.
Closing my correspondence ■with the department until after the
approaching trial,
I have the honor to remain, respectfully, your most obedient
servant,
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Hon. Seceetaky of Was..
The Secretary of War to General Scott.
War Department,
Washington^ Jipril 21, 1848.
Sir: It would not be respectful to you to pass unnoticed your
ext r:i(/rciinary letter of the 24th of February, nor just to rcyself to
pt-iiait it to remain unanswered on the files of this department.
To attempt to dispel the delusions which you seem to have lonf"-
pertinaciously cherished, and to correct the errors into which you
have fallen, devolves upon uie a duty which I must not decline;
but in performing it I mean to be as caut':^us as you profess to have
b*^en, to abstain from any "wanton discourit.:-:yj" and I hope to be
alike successful. Your prudent respect for the " 5th article of
war" has induced you to hold me osti:-nsibly respotisible for many
things which, you are aware, are not fairly chargeable to me. The
device you have adopted to assail the President, by aiming your
blows at the Secretary of War, does more credit to your ingenuity
as an accuser, than to your character as a soldier. A premeditated
contrivpnce to avoid responsibility does not indicate an intention
not to do wrong.
The general aspect of your letter discloses an evident design to
create a belief that you were drawn forth from your quiet position
in a bureau of this department, and assigned to the command of
our armies in Mexico, for the purpose of being sacrificed; and that,
to accomplish this end, " neglects, disappointments, injuries, and
rebukts" \vere "inflicted" on you, and the necessary means of pro-
secuting the war with success withheld; or, in other words, that
the government, after preferring you to £ny other of the gallant
generals within the range of its choice, had labored to frustrate its
own plans, to bring defeat upon its own armies, and involve itself
in rum and disgrace, for an object so unimportant in its bearing
upon public affairs. A charge so entirely preposterous, so utterly
repugnant to all the probabilities of human conductj calls for no
refutation. ' i\ .
1228 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
For other purposes than to combat this fondly cherished chimera,
it is proper that -I should notice some of your specific allegations.
It is true that, after you were designated for the chief command i
of our armies, the President was desirous that your departure ^
should not be unnecessarily delayed, but you were not restricted,
as you allege, to " only four days," to make the necessary prepara-
tions at Washington. You were not ordered away until you had
reported that these preparations were so far cotrpleted that your i
presence here wi;s no longer required. Then, instead of going 1
directly to Mexico, you were permitted, at your own request, to
take a circuitous route through New York, and there to remain a
few days. You staid at New York nearly an entire week; and not
until the 19th of December f twenty- six days after leaving Wash-
ington) did you reach New Orleans, where you would have arrived
in seven days, if you had been required to take the direct route.
This solicited indulgence, by which your arrival at New Orleans
was delayed nearly three weeks, is incompatible with your allega-
" tion that you were allowed " only four days at Washington, where
twenty might have been most advantageously employed." This
complaint has relation to facts within your own knowledge; error,
therefore, is hardly reconcileable with any solicitude to be accu-
rate. As this is your opening charge against the War Department,
and may be regarded as indicative of those which follow, I shall
make the refutation of it still more complete, for the purpose of
showing with what recklessness you have performed the functions
of an accuser, :"nd how little reliance, m the present state of your
feelings, can be placed on your memory. You are the witness by
whom your allegation is to be disproved. On the day of your de-
parture from Washington, you left with rac a paper i7i your own
handwritings dated November 23d, 1846, with the following head-
ing: " Notes, suggestin-.;; topics to be embraced in the Secretary's
instructions to General S., drawn up (in haste) at the request of
the former." From that paper I extract the following paratjraph:
*' I [the Secretary of War] am pleased to learn from you [Gene-
ral ScottJ that you have, in a very few days, already, through the
general siaif of the army here, laid a sufficient basis for the pur-
poses with which you are charged, and that you now think it best
to proceed at once to the southwest^ in order to organize the largest
number of troops that can be obtained in time for that most important
expedition" — the expedition against Vera Cruz. Here is your own
most explicit admission that yon represented to the Secretary of
War, before leaving Washirjgto;^, that arrangements were so far
completed, that you thought it best to proceed at once to the army
in Mexico, and yet you make it your opening charge against the
department that you were forced away to Mexico before you had
time for necessary preparations.
I present the next charge in your own language: " I handed to
y-ju a written request that one of three of our accomplished cap-
tains, tisercin named, might be appointed assistant adjutant gen-
eral, wiih the rank of Major, for duty with me in the field, and
there was a vacancy, at the time, for one. My request has never
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1229
been attenrled to; and thus I have had no officer o^ the adjutaat
general's department with me in the campaign. Can another in-
stance be cited of denying to a general-in-chief, in the field, at the
head of a large army, or even a small one, the s-^lection of his
chief of the staff — that is, the chief in the departraent of orders and
correspondence'?"
Were the case precisely as you have slated it to be, you have
given too much prominence, as a matter of complaint, to the Pre-
sident's refusal to be controlled in the exercise or the appointing
power by your wishes. Had there been a vacancy, such as you
mention, for one of the "accomplished captains'' you named, no
one icnows better than you do that your request could not have
been acceded to, without departing from the uniform rule of selec-
tion for staff appointments — without violating the rights of several
officers to regular promotion, and offering an indignity to all those
who held the position of assistant adjutants general with the rank
cf captain. The rule of regular promotion in the staff is as inflexi-
ble, and has been as uniformly observed, as that in the line. It
must appear surprising that you, who were so deeply "shocked and
distressed" at the suggestion of appointing, by authority of Con-
gress, a '•' citizen lieutenant general," or vesting the President with
power to devolve the command of the army on a major general,
without regard to priority in the date of his commission, should, in
your first request after being assigned to command, ask the Presi-
dent to disregard the rights of, at least, four officers, as meritorious
as the " three accomplished captains" named by you. The Presi-
dent's views on this subject undoubtedly differ from yours. His
regard for the rights of officers is not graduated by their rank.
Those of captains and major generals have equal value in his esti-
mation, and an equal claim to his respect and protection. I can-
not admit that it is a just ground of censure and rebuke against the
^' head of the War Department," that the President did not see fit,
in order to gratify your feelings of favoritism, to disregard the
claims, and violate the rights, of all the assistant adjutants general
of the rank of captain then in commission.
But, so far as it is made a ground of complaint and. reproof, this
is not the worst aspect of the case. You are entirely mistaken in
the assertion that there was then a vacancy in the adjutant gene-
ral's staff, with the rank of major, to which either of the captains
recommended by you could have been properly appointed. There
•was no such vacancy. To show the correctness of this stat'^ment,
and to demonstrate your error, I appeal to the army regi'st' r n.-.d
the records of the adjutant general's office. Your mistake ^s lo lu
obvious fact, lyi?ig within the rr.nge of matters with which you
are presumed to be familiar, has excited less surprise than the de-
claration that, by the non-compliance with your request, you " have
had no officer of the adjutant general's department with me [you]
in the campaign." Every officer of that department, at least eight,
were, as you well knew, subject to your command. When you
arrived in Mexico, there were with the army at least five assistant
adjutants general, all at your service. That ^'ou chose to employ
1220 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
none of them at your head-quarters, and detached from other ap-
propriate duties an officer to act as an assistant adjutant general,
may well be regarded as a slight to the whole of that staff then witk
you in Mexico, and a cause of complaint; but certainly not a com-
plaint to emanate from you against the War Department. Willing
as I am to presume, though unable to conce've, that circumstances
justified you in pa-sing over ail the assistant adjutants general then
with the army, and in selecting an officer of the line to perform
the duties of adjutant general at your head-quarters, I was much
surprised to learn from you that, when General Worth sent to you
one of these "accomplished captains," the first on your list, under
the belief that you desired his services as an acting assistant adju- '
tant general, you declined to employ him in that capacity; and I
am still more surprised to perceive that you have made it a distinct
ground of charge in your arraignment of the War Department, that
you were not permitted to have him as an assistant adjutant general
at your head-quarters. Had you selected him instead of another,
as you might have done, you would have been bereft of all pretext
for complaint. Though there was no vacancy in the adjutant gen-
eral's staff of the grade of major, for which only you recommended
the "accomplished captains," and to which only they were prop-
erly eligible, "there was a vacancy in it of the rank of captain.
For this position you recommended an omcer in General Wool's
staff, then on the Chihuahua expedition. This officer w^as subse-
quently appointed assistant adjutant general, vc.th the rank of cap-
lain, as you desired, and has ever since been at the head-quarters of
that general. Thus it will be perceived that your request, so far as
it was proper and reasonable, was actually complied with.
The next specification in the catalogue of charges preferred
against me is, that a court martial was not instituted by the Presi-
dent for the trial of General Marshall and Captain Montgomery on
your charges against them. The offences imputed to them were
certainly not of an aggravated character. The one, as was al-
leged, had been incautious in relation to a despatch, under circum-
stances that might admit of its coming to the knowledge of the
enemy; and the other had not carried a despatch with as much ex-
pedition as you thought he might have done. As one was a gene-
ral officer, a court to try him must have been composed of officers
of hi'^h rank. Before the order for assembling it could have
reached Mexico, it was foreseen that your command would be at
Tera Cruz, and probably engaged in an active siege of that city.
OfTicers could not, therefore, have been then sent from your column
to Monterey or the Rio Grande, (where the court must have been
held,) without great detriment to the public service. Had you
heen deprived of several officers of high rank, at that critical pe-
liod, by the order of the President, it would have afforded a better
pretence of complaint than any one in your extended catalogue.
Had the court bet n composed of officers taken from General Tay-
lor's command, it w mid have still furtHtr weakened his condition,
already weak in consequence of the very large force yr u had with-
drawn from Lim. SuLs-^quent events have proved that it was most
Ex. Doc. No. 60, , 1231
fortunate the President did not comply -with your request, for had
he done ?o, some of the officers I ighest in rank and most conspic-
uous at Buena Vista might, at that critical conjuncture, have been
separated from their commands and engaged on a court at a dis-
tance from that glorious scene of action. It is not fanciful to sup-
pose that their absence might have changed the fortune of that
eventful day, and that, instead of rejoicing, as we now do, in a
triumphant victory, among the most brilliant in the whole course
of the war, we might have had to lament a most disastrous defeat,
and the almost total loss of the whole force you had left to sustain
that .frontier.
No man has more reason than yourself to rejoice that no order
emanated from Washington, thougli requested by you, which would
have further impaired the efficiency of General Taylor's command
in the crisis that then awaited 'liin.
My letter of the 22d of Ftbruary, conveying the President's
views in regard to your order depriving Colonel Harney of his ap-
propriate command, is severely arraigned by you as offensive, both
in manner an. I matter.
The facts in relation to this case of alleged grievance are now
before the public, and a brief allusion to them will place the trans-
action in its true light. Under your orders Colonel Harney had
brought seven companies of his regiment, the 2d dragoons, from
Monterey to the Brazos, to be under your immediate command ;
and two others, being all of the regiment in Mexico, were expected
to follow within a few days. In the midst of his high hopes and
ardent desire for active service, you took from him the command
of his own regiment, devolved it on one of his junior officers, and
ordered him back to General Taylor's line, to look for what was
not inappropriately denominated "an imaginary command." Out-
raged in his feelings and injured in h,is rights, he respectfully re-
monstrated ; his appeal to your sense of justice was unavaiiinp-.
Neither to this gallant officer, nor to the President, did you assign
any sufficient or even plausible reason for this extraordinary pro-
ceeding. The whole army, I believe, and the whole country, where
the transaction became known, entertained but one opinion on the
subject, and that w^as,that you bad inflicted an injury and an out" ^e
upon a brave and meritorious officer. Such an act, almost the firs
ou your assuming cocimand, boded disastrous consequences to the
public service, and devolved upon the President the duty of inter-
posing to protect the injured officer. This interposition you have
made a grave matter of accusation against the head of the War
Department, and have characterized it as a censure and a rebuke.
It may imply both, and still, being merited, may leave you without
a pretence for complaint. The President, after alluding to his
duty to sustain the rights of the officers under your command, as
well as your own rights, informed you that he did not discover in
the case, as you had presented it, sufficient cause for such an
order; that, in his opinion. Colonel Harney had a just cause to
complain, and that he hoped the matter had been reconsidered by
you, and tha colonel restored to his appropriate command. Your
1232 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
own subsequent course in this case demonstrates the unreasonable-
ness of your complaint, and vindicates the correctness of the Presi-
dent's proceedings. You had really rebuked and censured your
own conduct, for even beforfe you had received the President's
view^s, you had, as he hoped you would, reconsidered tiie'matter,
become convinced of your "error, reversed your own order, and re-
stored Colonel Harney to his command; thus giving the strongest
evidence in favor of the propriety and correctness of all the Presi-
dent had done in the case. I give you too much credit for steadi-
ness of purpose, to suspect that you retraced your steps from mere
caprice, or for any other cause than a conviction that you had fallen
into error. After the matter had thus terminated, it appears unac-
countable to me that you, who above all others should wish it to
pass into oblivion, have again called attention to it by making it
an item in v our arraignment of the War Department.
You struggle in vain to vindicate your course in this case, by re-
ferring to your own acts in the campaign of 1814. You then sent,
away, as you allege, against their wishes, "three senior field offi-
cers, of as many regiments, who were infirm^ uninstructed^ and in-
efficient^ in favor of three juniors, and with the subsequent appro-
hation of Major General Brown and the head of the War Depart-
ment." This precedent does not, in my judgment, change the as-
pect of the present case. Colonel Harney w'as not '• infirm, unin-
structed, and inefficient;" you did not assign, and in deference to
the known opinion of the army and country, you did not venture
to assign that reason for deposing him. I do not understand the
force of your logical deduction, that, because you, on a former oc-
casion, had deprived officers under you of their commands, for good
and sufficient reasons, wuth subsequent approval, you may now,
and at any time, do the same, thing, without any reason whatever;
and if the President interposes to correct the procedure, you have
a just cause to complain of an indignity, and a right to arraign the
War Department.
As your animadversion upon the tone of my letter is, probably,
not a blow aimed at a much more conspicuous object, to be reached
thrciigh me, I ought, perhaps, to pass it without notice. On revis-
ion., of that letter, I cannot perceive that it is not entirely respect-
ful in manner and language. The views of the President are
therein confidently expressed, because they were confidently enter-
tained. It seems to be admitted by you that, "if dictated to the
greenest general of the recent appointments," the letter would not
have been exceptionable. I was not aware that it was my duty to mod-
ify and graduate my style, so as to meet, according to your fastidi-
ous views, the various degrees of greenness and ripeness of the
generals, to whom I am required to convey the orders of the Pre-
sident; and for any such defect in my official communications I
have no apology to offer.
In the same letter, wherein you complain of being censured for
your course in relation to Colonel Harney, you say, " I am
now rebuked for the unavoidable — nay wise, if it had not been un-
avoidable— release, on parole, of the prisoners taken at Cerro
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1233
Gordo — even before one word of commendation from government
had reached this army, on account of its gallant conduct in the
capture of those prisoners." Accident alone, not any oversight or
neglect on my part, has given you the apparent advantage of the
aggravation, which you have artfully thrown into this charge. My
letter, commending yourself and the gallant army under your com-
mand, for the glorious achievement at Cerro Gordo, was written
and sent to you on the 19th of May — eleven days before that which
you are pleased to consider as containing a rebuke.
But I meet the main charge with a positive denial. You never
were rebuked for discharging the prisoners taken at Cerro Gordo.
This issue can be tried by the record. All that was ever said on
the subject is contained in the following extract from my letter of
the 31st of May.
" Your course hitherto, in relation to prisoners of war, both men
and officers, in discharging them on parole, has been liberal and
kind; but whether it ought to be still longer continued, or in some
respects changed, has been under the consideration of the President,
and he has directed me to communicate to you his views on the
subject. He is not unaware of the great embarrassment their de-
tention, or the sending of them to the United States, would occasion;
but, so far as relates to the officers, iie thinks they should be de-
tained until duly exchanged. In that case, it will probably be
found expedient to send them, or most of them, to the United
States. You will not, therefore, except for special reasons in par-
ticular cases, discharge the officers, who may be taken prisoners,
but detain them with you, or send them to the United States, as
you shall deem most expedient."
If I understand the force of terms, there is nothing in this lan-
guage which, by fair interpretation, can be made to express or im-
ply a rebuke. I cannot conceive that any mind, other than one of
a diseased sensitiveness, over anxious to discover causes for com-
plaint and accusation, could imagine that anything like a rebuke
was contained in this extract; yet on this unsubstantial basis alone
rests the charge, over and over again presented, that you were re-
buked by the War Department, for discharging the prisoners cap-
tured at Cerro Gordo. If, in a case where it was so easy to be right
and so difficult to get wrong, you could fall into such an obvious
mistake, what may not be expected from you in other matters,
where your perverted feelings have a freer and a wider rangel
Before considering your complaints, for not having been supplied
with sufficient means for transportation for the expedition against
Vera Cruz, I will notice your " four memorials" to the War De-
partment, in which you demonstrated, as you state, that Vera Cruz
was the true base of operations, and that the enemy's capital could
not, probably, be reached from the Rio Grande.
I cannot discover the pertinency of your allusion to these four
memorials, except it be to put forth a claim to the merit of origi-
nating the expedition against Vera Cruz, and of being the first to
discover that the most practicable route to the city of Mexico was
from that point on the Gulf; but your known abhorence for a "pruri-
78
1234 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
ency of fame not earned," ought to shield you from the suspicion of
such an infirmity.
I am sure you are not ignorant of the fact — but, if you are, it is
nevertheless true — that the expedition against Vera Cruz had been
for some time under consideration; that great pains had been taken
to get information as to the defences of that city, the strength of
the castle, and the difficulties which would attend the debarkation
of troops; that maps iiad been procured and carefully examined;
that persons who had resided there, and officers of the army and
navy, had been consulted on the subject, and the enterprise actually
resolved on before the date of your first memoir, and before you
were thought of to conduct it.
As early as the 9th of July, 1846, within two months after the
declaration of war, and before the main body of troops raised for
its prosecution had reached the scene of operations, considerate
attention had been given to that subject. On that day a letter, from
this department to General Taylor, thus alludes to a movement from
Vera Cruz into the interior of the enemy's country.
" If, from all the information you may communicate to the depart-
ment, as well as that derived from other sources, it should appear
that the difficulties and obstacles to the conducting of a campaign,
from the Rio Grande, the present base of your operations, for any
considerable distance into the interior of Mexico, will be very
great, the department will consider whether the main invasion
should not ultimately take place from some point on the coast, say
Tampico, or some other point in the vicinity of Vera Cruz. This
suggestion is made with a view to call your attention to it, and to
obtain from you such information as you may be able to impart.
Should it be determined that the main army should invade Mexico
at some other point than the E-io Grande — say the vicinity of Vera
Cruz — a large and sufficient number of transport vessels could be
placed at the mouth of the Rio Grande by the time the healthy
season sets in — say early in November. The main army, with all
its munitions, could be transported, leaving a sufficient force behind
to hold and occupy the Rio Grande, and all the towns and provinces
which you may have conquered before that time. In the event of
such being the plan of operations, your opinion is desired, what
increased force, if any, will be required to carry it out with suc-
cess. We learn that the army could be disembarked a few miles
distant from Vera Cruz, and readily invest the town in its rear,
without coming within the range of the guns of the fortress of San
Juan d'Ulloa. The town could he readily taken by land, while the
fortress, being invested by land and sea, and all communication cut
off, must soon fall. From Vera Cruz to the city of Mexico there is
a fine road, upon which the diligences or stage coaches run daily.
The disUnce from Vera Cruz to the city of Mexico is not more than
one-third of that from the Rio Grande to the city of Mexico."
The subject was again brought into view on the 13th of October,
in the same year, and more particularly on the 22d of October, in
letters addressed to General Taylor. At the last date, the plan had
been so far matured that several officers of the staff and line were
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1235
indicated for that service. This was nearly a month before it was
determined to employ you with the army in any part of Mexico.
It was never contemplated here to strike at the city of Mexico
from the line occupied by General Taylor, or through any other,
except that from Vera Cruz. If the war was to be pushed to that
extent, it required no elaborate demonstration, no profound mili-
tary talent, nothing more than common sagacity and very slight
reflection on the subject, to see the propriety and the necessity of
making Vera Cruz the base of military operations.
An alleged deficiency of means to transport the troops in the
expedition to Vera Cruz seems to be most prominently presented,
and most confidently relied on, to sustain your charge against the
War Department for neglecting this branch of its duties. I issued,
it seems to be admitted, the proper order, so far as the means of
transportation were to be drawn from the north; but the allegation
is that it was issued too late, and was never executed. It was is-
sued at least four days before you arrived at New Orleans, on your
way to the army. If promptly executed, it was a reasonable cal-
culation that the "ten vessels," alluded to in your letter, would
have arrived in season to receive the troops, as soon as you could
collect them from their remote and scattered positions in the inte-
rior of Mexico, bring them to the sea coast, and prepare for their
embarkation. Whether an order for ships to be sent out in ballast,
issued the 15th of December, was or was not in season for the ser-
vice they were designed for, depends upon the time when the ex-
pedition could be got ready to sail. To determine this, a regard
must be paid to what you required to be done preparatory to the
expedition, rather than what you may have said on that subject.
A reference to two or three of your requisitions will show Ihat
no rational hope could be entertained that the expedition -would
set forth befoi% the middle or the last of February. You required
as one item of the outfit, one hundred and forty surf bo-^^ts all to
be constructed after you left Washington. Though the. department
urged a less number, you insisted on all. You esti'jiated the ex-
pense of each at $200, and thought, by putting the. principal ship-
yards on the Atlantic coast in requisition, thc^y raiffht be con-
structed by the first of January. To show what reliance was to be
placed on your calculation, I refer to the fact, that though due re-
gard to economy was had in procuring these l>oats, each cost on an
average $950 — nearly fivefold your estimate. Conceding that you
erred much less as to the time within which they could be con-
structed— nay, more, admitting they could have been read v by the
first of January, and sooner you did not expect they could b^ made
by no reasonable calculation could they have reached t>je coast of
Mexico before the first of February. The expedition C'^uld not go
forth without them. In your letter to me, dated the ?^th of Feb-
ruary, off Lobos, you state that but a small part of tl je transports
engaged at New Orleans, under your orders of the 28,th December
had arrived, and "not one of the ten ordered by your memorandum
of the 15th of that month, and the whole were due ati the Brazos on
the Ibth of January.^'' Having thus shown, by yo'^r own opinion
1236 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
that, under my orderj "the ten vessels" ought to have been at the
Brazos at least fifteen days before the expedition could have been
ready to sail, I ha^e vindicated myself from the charge of having
neglected my duty, by not isuing that order at an earlier date. If
issued earlier, it would have involved a largely increased expendi-
ture for demurrage, and resulted in no public benefit.
But the graver part of this charge is, that none of these "ten
vessels" ever arrived. "Relying," you say, in the letter now under
consideration, "upon them [the ten vessels] confidently, the em-
barkation was delayed, in the wh(?le, or in part, at the Brazos and
Tampico, from the 15th of January to the 9th of March, leaving,
it was feared, not half the time needed for the reduction of Vera
Cruz and its castle, before the return of the yellow fever." To
whom.soever the calamitous consequences of the non-arrival of these
"ten vessels" and your "cruel disappointment" in relation to them
are imputable, he has certainly involved himself in a serious re-
sponsibility. I hope to remove the whole of it from "the head of
the War Department," and enlertain some apprehensions that it
will fall, in part, upon the commanding general of the expedition.
The execution of the most difficult branch of duties appertain-
ing to a military expedition — providing for transportation — is by
the distribution of the business in the War Department allotted to
the quartermaster general. As an expedition against Vera Cruz
bad been resolved on some time before you were assigned to take
command of it, General Jesup had gone to- New Orleans to be in
the best position to make the necessary preparations for such an
enterprise. From his great knowledge, and long experience in mili-
tary affairs, not only in his appropriate department, but as a com-
mander in the field, the government thought it fortunate that you
could have the advice and assistance of so able a counsellor.
Your suggestion that it might be necessary to sen^ ships in bal-
last from the north, for transports, was not neglected or unheeded
by me. Whether it would be necessary, or not, depended, accord-
ing to your statement to me, upon the means of transportation
which could be procured at New Orleans, &c. My first step was,
to write to the quartermaster general, then at that place, for infor-
mation on that subject. In my letter to him of 11th of Decem-
ber, I said: "It is expected that most of the vessels in the service
of the quartermaster's department can be used as transports for the
expedition. It will be necessary that the department here should
know what portion of the transportation can be furnished by the
ordinary means which the quartermaster's department has now
under its control for the purposes of its expedition. I have to request
that information on this point should be furnished without delay.
"Another point upon which the department desires information
is what amount of means of transportation, for such an expedition,
can be furnished at New Orleans, Mobile, and in that quarter.
"The expense of procuring transports from the Atlantic cities
will be exorbitant. Freights are very high, and most of the good
vessels are engaged for the ordinary purposes of commerce."
It is important to bear in mind that you saw this letter, on your
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1237
first anival at New Orleans. In writing to me from that place,
December 21st, you observe, "I have seen your letter (in the hands
of Lieutenant Colonel Hunt) to the quartermaster general, dated
the 11th." You could not mistake its object, because it was clearly
expressed. I asked distinctly what means of transportation for
the expedition can be furnished at New Orleans, &c., and referred
to the expense and difficulty of procuring transports from the At-
lantic cities. You could not, therefore, but know that my course,
as to sending ships in ballast from the north, would be regulated
by the quartermaster general's reply. While waiting for this in-
formation, and in order to prevent delay, and be sure not to de-
serve the imputation you non- cast upon me, I issued the order of
the 15th of December, to which you refer, knowing that it could
be modified and conformed to the exigencies of the service, accord-
ing to the answer which I should receive from General Jesup. His
reply is dated the 27th of December, and in it he says:
'"'•Transportation can he provided here for all the troops that may
he draivn from the army under the command of General Taylor ^and
for all the ordnance, ordnance stores, and other supplies, which may
be drawn either from this depot, [the Brazos,] or from New Orleans.
The public transports, I mean those owned by the United States, that
can be spared for the contemplated operations, it is estimated, will
carry three thousand men, with all their supplies. Vessels can he
chartered here^ on favorable terms, for any additional transportation
that may he required.'''' This letter was submitted to, and read by,
you, as appears from your endorsement thereon After referring
to some other matters in the letter, you conclude your endorse-
ment as follows: "1 recommend that Brevet Major General Jesup's
suggestions be adopted." This fact shows that the letter received
your particular attention.
When this letter, which you knew was forwarded to the de-
partment, was here received, showing that your apprehended ;
difficulty in obtaining sufficient transportation at the south was :
unfounded, and that it could be provided in that quarter in great '
abundance on favorable terms, my order of the 15th of Decern- ■
ber, so far, and only so far, as it related to sending out vessels i
in ballast, was countermanded. It is strange, indeed, that, after you |
were made acquainted with the object of my inquiries and General '
Jesup's letter in reply to them, you should have looked for trans- j
port vessels in ballast from the Atlantic cities; and, still more
strange, that their non-arrival should be the proof you rely on to |
convict me of having neglected ny duty in this instance. If, ia I
truth, you delayed the expedition nearly two months for these J
transports, I am blameless; the responsibilty is in another quarter.
It cannot be said that this statement, as to the sufficiency of trans-
ports to be obtained at the south, had an implied reference to what
I had ordered from the Atlantic cities; for my order was then un-
known to yourself and the quartermaster general. You first re-
ceived a copy of it several days after the date of General Jesup's I
letter to me, and of your endorsement thereon. [See your letter
to me of the 12th of January.] Resisted, as you were, by "head
1238 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
winrls," enveloped in ''frightful northers," and oppressed with
complicated and perplexing diuies in arranging and preparing the
expedition against Vera Cruz, some temporary bewilderment may
be excused; but to charge the War Department wuth your own
misapprehensions and mistakes is inexcusable.
My reply to your accusations forces me to expose some of your
misstatements of fact. You allege that the expedition, for the want
of the "ten ve:.sels," was delayed from the \bth of January to the
9th of March. You certainly mean to be understood that, on the
15th of January, your troops were ready to embark, and were de-
layed for want of these transports; but this was not so, and I am
indebted to you for most abundant proof to establish your inaccu-
racy. The great body of your troops, for the expedition, was
drawn from General Taylor's command at Monterey and in the in-
terior of Mexico, and no part of them had reached either the Brazos
or Tampico, the points of embarkation, on the l5th of January.
In your letter, of the 12th of that month, to General Brooke, at
New Orleans, you said: "I have now to state that it is probable
the troops I have called for from General Taylor's immediate com-
mand, to embark here [the Brazos] and at Tampico, will not reach
those points till late in the present month, [January,] say about
the 25th." In a letter to me, of the 26th of January, you remark
that General Butler responded to your call for the troops with the
utmost promptitude, and that General Worth made an admirable
movement: "the head of his division arrived with him at the mouth
of the Ptio Grande the day before yesterday," [21th January.]
When the remainder came up, is not stated; yet one of your "naked
historical facts" places the w^hole command at the points of embark-
ation, waiting for the "ten vessels" at least nine days before the
actual arrival of any part of them. But, if they had been there,
why should they have been detained for these vessels'? In the
same letter, written but two days after the arrival of the head of
the first division, and probably before the other troops had come
up, you say: "that the quartermaster general. Brevet Major Gen-
eral Jesup, at New Orleans, I find, has taken all proper measures,
"with judgment and promptitude, to provide everything depending
on his department for the despatch and success of my expedition."
If more was wanted, cumulative proof might be drawn from the
same source — your own correspondence — to show, not only that
this charge against me has no foundation in truth, but that you can
have no apology for having preferred it.
After showing how unfortunate you have been in your specific
charges, I may, with propriety, meet those of a general and sweep-
ing character with a less particular detail of proofs to show their
groundlessness.
Though the "ten vessels" were not, for the very sufficient rea-
sons I have assigned, sent out in ballast from the Atlantic cities,
yet a very large number were sent thence with stores, supplies, and
troops to cooperate in the expedition. In General Jesup's letter
to me, of the 17th instant, a copy of which is sent herewith, he
states that fifty-three ships, barques, biigs, and schooners, were
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1239
sent from the north, and the department actually furnished, at New
Orleans, Brazos, and Tarapico, for the army, before it took up the
line of march into the interior, one hundred and sixty-three ves-
sels.
I have alluded to the large number of surf-boats, and the great
difficulty of procuring them, as the cause of the delay in their ar-
rival. I have, also, a similar reason to offer in reply to your com-
plaint for not having seasonably received the siege-train and ord-
nance supplies. The delay is to be ascribed to the enormously
large outfit you required. If it was necessary, and despatch was
used in procuring it, no one is in fault; if too large, you certainly
should not regard, as a reprehensible delay, the time necessarily
taken up in preparing it. To show that it was large, and required
much time to procure it, I will select from many, a single item.
You demanded from eighty to one hundred thousand ten-inch shells,
and forty or fifty mortars of like calibre. This enormous quantity
of shells — about four thousand tons — was mostly to be manufactHred
after you left Washington. All the furnaces in the country, will-
ing to engage in the business, were set to work; but, with the ut-
most diligence and despatch, the supply of this one article, or even
two-thirds of it, having to be manuiactured and transported to the
seaboard from the furnaces, (located, in most instances, in the in-
terior of the country,) at a season of the year when water commu-
nications were obstructed by ice, could not be ready to be sent for-
ward to you in many months after your departure from Washington.
Had your requisitions been moderate, and, undoubtedly, more mod-
erate ones would have sufficed, they could have been furnished at
a much earlier period.
The memorandum which you left " for the siege train and am-
munition therefor," was submitted to me by the ordnance depart-
ment on the 26th of November, with an intimation that it could
not be complied with in season for the expedition to go forward as
early as you had contemplated. I endorsed upon it, '''•comply with
the above as far as practicable ',''^ and this order, I am satisfied,
after full examination, was faithfully executed.
What could be done at Washington, was done promptly. You
had with you the quartermaster general, with all the means at the
command of the War Department, and with unrestricted authority
to do whatever you might require. He was under your supervis-
ion, and subject to your orders, able and willing to execute them;
and you have never intimated that he, in any respect, failed in his
duty, but on the contrary, you have spoken in highly commen-
datory terms of his efficient services. I have already quoted your
acknowledgement that he had "taken all proper measures, with
judgment and promptitude, to provide everything depending on
his department for the despatch and success of your expedition.''
In an issue of fact between you and the head of the War Depart-
ment, his testimony, next to your own confessions, is the best that
can be offered to correct your misstatements, and to refute your
charges. In his letter to me of the 2d of January, 1847, he says:
*' General Scott left for the interior on the 29th ultimo, and I am,
1240 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
taking active measures to have everything depending: upon me
ready for his operations. The quartermaster's department, I find,
is called upon to do a great deal that should be done by other
branches of the staff. So far as General Scott's operations go, I
shall have everything done that is necessary, whether it belongs
to my department or to other departments to do it." You had with
you, and subject to your orders, not only the quartermaster gen-
eral, but officers of the other staff departments. They did not look
to the War Department, but to yourself, for directions; and it was
your duty, and not mine, to see that your requirements were com-
plied with. That they were so, to the utmost practicable extent,
I have no reason to doubt; but, if they were not, the fault, if
any, is not with the War Department. You also gave the instruc-
tions in relation to providing the means of land transportation, and
the officers charged with that duty were under your immediate
control; and, if there is blame anywhere for any deficiency in this
respect, it cannot be imputed to the War Department. Your
whole correspondence with me, and the staff officers with you,
shows that you very properly took upon yourself the whole charge
of giving directions in this matter. In a letter to Captain Hetzel,
senior quartermaster at the Brazos, speaking on the subject of the
land transportation which may be needed after the descent on the
-enemy's coast, near Vera Cruz, you say: "I have already discussed
and arranged with you the detail of the early land transportation
train," &c. On the 19th of March you furnished General Jesup
with your estimates and directions on this subject. The staff offi-
cers being with you, and under your orders, nothing further was,
or properly could be, required or expected to emanate from Wash-
ington beyond the supply of funds; and, this being done, if you
were disappointed in not realizing your expectations, you have not
a colorable pretence for imputing blame to "the head of the War
Department."
As a ground of complaint, and a matter of accusation, you
refer to your deficiency of means to make the descent, and to
capture the city of Vera Cruz and the castle of San Juan d'Ulloa,
and assume that the extent of that deficiency was the difference
between what you received and what you required. It would be
quite as correct reasoning to say that what you had having proved
sufficient for the purpose, the difference showed the extent of the
errors in your estimates. The truth lies, perhaps, between the
two extremes. You had less, probably, than you should have had,
and you required much more than was necessary. That you did
not have more, and, indeed, all you asked for, I have already
shown, was not the fault of the War Department.
General Jesup was with you at Vera Cruz, saw your means, and
is capable of forming an estimate of their sufficiency. He is, as
his letter herewith shows, disposed to be just, and even generous
to your fame. To his opinion on the subject, no well founded ex-
ception can betaken. He says, in reference to your complaints oa
account of a deficient supply of surf boats, siege train, and ord-
nance stores, "the result shows that he [General Scott] had surf
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1241
boats and stores enough;" and of the delay of which you com-
plain, he fully exonerates the War Department, and ascribes the
whole to yourself and to unavoidable accidents.
The imputation that you were designedly crippled in your
means, is a charge as preposterous as it is unfounded.
I am aware that the execution of some of the many arrange-
ments for the Vera Cruz expedition was obstructed and delayed
by accidents; but they were such as human sagacity could not
forsee, or human agency control. They were not, however, more
than a considerate mind, bringing into view all the vast difficulties
of the case, would have expected. When your complaints on this
subject were first received here, evincing, as they did, that you
intended to hold the department responsible for every untoward
event, the heads of the several bureaus were called on by me to
show how they had executed the duties which had been confided
to them, particularly in regard to matters referred to by you. The
evidence they presented of having done all that was required, or
could have been expected, convinced me, and I venture to say
that, on a full examination, it will satisfy any mind open to con-
viction, that all your complaints, so far as they imputed blame to
the War Department, or any of its branches, are unfounded. It
■will do much more — it will show that great industry, promptness,
uncommon capacity, and extraordinary exertions, in relation to
every thing connected with the war, have characterized the action
of each of these subordinate departments. As a commendation
justly merited by these several branches of the department, as-
sailed, as they are, indirectly by you, I see no good reason for
withholding my opinion, that an instance cannot be found where
so much has been done, and well done, in so short a time, by any
similar body of officers, under similar circumstances.
As you have, by implication, laid a heavy hand upon the bureau
which is charged with the onerous duties of executing the laws
and orders for raising and sending forward the recruits and levies,
I feel bound to affirm that you have done to that branch of the pub-
lic service the greatest injustice. No industry has been spared, no
possible effort omitted to raise the forces which were authorized,
and to send them to their destination within the briefest practica-
ble period. The numerous orders issued from the adjutant's
general's office, and its voluminous correspondence on that subject,
will sustain this assertion.
You have pressed with unwonted zeal the charge in relation to di-
verting the detachments of the new regiments under Gen. Cadwala-
der's command to the Brazos, and have indulged in the wildest spec-
ulations as to the sad consequences which attended this imputed
error. Assuming that my orders diverted these troops, or any others,
(an assertion which I shall controvert hereafter,) the circumstances
justified the measure. The critical condition of General Taylor,
according to all accounts received here at that time, is stated in my
letter to you of the 22d of March. To show that the department
acted properly, though it incurred your reproof, it is necessary to
1^42 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
recall the facts as they then appeared here. They are presented in
the following extract from that letter: pxt^enieam
" The information which has just reached us, in the shape of n,
mors, as to the situation of General Taylor and the force und";
his command, has excited the most painful apprehensions for the
safety. It is almost certain that Santa Anna has precipitated the
large army he had collected at San Luis de Potos^ upoV General
fa n tY^Tl "7 be that the general has not been able to main
tain the advanced position he had seen fit to take at Agua Nueva
hut has been Ob iged to fall back on Monterey. It is equally cir'
and%he Rio r""r ^^^r.'^^-'f^ ^"^^^P°-^ between'Mon'terey
and the Rio Grande, and that it has interrupted the line of commu-
nication between the two places, and seized large supplies whTch
were on the way to General Taylor's army. ^^
Inv'/l ^^'' ^- °'^'^'i ^'"''^^ between the Rio Grande and General Tay-
or s army is as large as reports represent it, our troops now on
that river may not be able to re-establish the line, nor will it, per^
inTnieto'""^^'/r^^^''^ '^^^^ there sufficient for the pur'po,
clnZ\S ^ITf '^''l''''^^' consequences to our army, unless aid
can be afforded from the troops under your immediate command.
i^romonc to two thousand of the new recruits for the ten regi-
ments, from this quarter, will be on the way to the Brazos, in the
course of three or four daj-s. All the other forces will be directed
to that point and every eltort made to relieve General Taylor from
his critical situation. You will have been fully apprised, befor^
this can reach you, of the condition of things in the vailed of7he
taken I't T'^ V^'' head-quarters of General Taylor, and have
nuir ; ^/"'^'f^^b measures as the importance of the subject re-
lonlL^iTf '^^ upon you the fatal consequence's which
ITp r 1^^ T^ ''"""' ^^'"'*" '^'bich might befal the army
under General Taylor, nor do I doubt that you will do whai is in
your power to avert such a calamity."
The course pursued by the War Department on that occasion,
^.n 1 -r i/r""''^ ^^^° ^ ^^^^^e, must, on revision, I think, com-
mend Itself to general approbation. Had it been indifferent to the
a arm.ng jition of General Taylor's army, and forborne to use,
at Jhe earliest moment, the most energetic measures to guard agains
the fatal consequences of its defeat, then too probable, it would
hav-^e deserved an arraignment as severe as that which you have '
made against it, for having done its duty in that critical emergency.
When you first received the reasons assigned for the course adopted
V> 9Q.u'^/i;P''Y ^° ^^''^ ^""^ satisfactory. In your despatch of
It ?9 i . f."^' y.'^ ''^'- "Yesterday I learned by your letter of
the22d, and the adjutant general's of the 26th ultimo, that all
the recruits of the regiments, some 3,000, raised, or likely to be
raised in time for this army, have been ordered to the Rio Grande."
You did not then intimate the slightest dissatisfaction, not even a
premonitory symptom of that deep distress with which, instantly
on Mr. Trisl's arrival in Mexico, you represent yourself to have
Deen seized. It is a coincidence, not unworthy of notice, that the
letter containing your first condemnatory remark on this subject,
Ex. Doc. No.
1243
,as written on the day of the date of Mr. Tnst's first note to you,
Id only the day before your captious reply to it, and in both you
sail the War Department. Your withering disappointment seems
, have slumbered for ten days, and then to have been aroused by
le appearance of Mr. Trist m Mexico, and your quarrd with him.
•the order from the War Department had in fact '' diverted the
,rces with General Cadwalader, still it was fully justified by the
.reatening aspect of affairs on the Rio Grande; but I am quite
re that it did not divert them. No previous order from the de-
(rtment had designated any other place of rendezvous than the
razos, for the troops that were to join your column. It was well
nderstood, before you left Washington, that all the troops for both
:mies were to be sent to that place, and there to fall ^n^er your
ommand. This arrangement was not, nor was it expected that it
ould be, here changed, until you had penetrated so far into the
nemy's country as to render your communication with that place
f general lendezvous difficult and dilatory.
You also complain that the order was not countermanded. It
here had been such an order, and it had been countermanded, what
ould have been the consequence? The troops would have gone
orward from the United States, under the former orders ot the de-
artment, which would have taken them to the same place.
You allege that " the news of the victory of Buena Vista reached
Vashington in time to countermand Cadwalader's orders for the
lio Grande, before his departure from New Orleans." I notice this
.pecification of neglect of duty, to showthe extent to which you
lave carried your fault finding, and the industry with which you
lave searched for occasions to indulge it- _
Your assumption is, that the news of the victory of Buena Vista
;hould have satisfied the War Department that Cadwalader s forces
^ere not needed on the Rio Grande, and the omission to counter-
aiand, as soon as that news was received, the orders to send them
there was a neglect deserving severe animadversion. How did you
cuJer similar circumstances? With better means of information
as to the actual condition of the Rio Grfnde frontier after the vic-
tory of Buena Vista, you did not deem it prudent, after being forty-
one days in possession of the news of that victory, to issue positive
orders to remove a single man from that frontier; yet, Jou ve-ure
to censure me for not having sent the troops away the moment the
news reached Washington. i r .i.^ i/Ltl,
You received information of that victory on or before the 14th
of March, for on that day you proclaimed it in orders o your
army On the 25th of April, more than forty days thereafter, you
issued an order to the commanding officer at the Brazos, to em-
bark for Vera Cruz "such detachments of the new regiments as
may have been ordered by the War Department to Point Isabe;
but you made it conditional, with reference to the safe y of the
line of the Rio Grande, and said to that officer that you relied upon
his -sound judgment to determine on the spot, 7^^^^^% Inl'^Jn
would not be too much exposed by the withdrawal of the troops in
question." Thus it appears that you do not hesitate to impate
En 5hrL 5Ci. in
=_:. z^"
IL ^J-< *J''
rr'TTi
at
Ea Due No. M
V2io
at-
n
i w«nf, «• you •! > ^^^
;«ocv»" aa«l wbtf ...
1
1
1
\
f
1
4
t
i
f
•Va«Q t
•■•ea
..... of
leiB OQ to>
44: ■:
»< »b-
< -JptrO til«
. to lurQi»j| tfecB.
>9oa has T*t b
^... ..pOt
iBtgbt t}4T« t)e«a •Cr«ogth«a««i t>j r«iiii'orce>
' «aJ iSAay of th ■ , j,.,
V«f» Crux to -
V t^
. in?
'«o Mii.rtA«.«ii taj tii« rtttfticM
laitT i5« I tkiok. fairU t«
nc
la:-;.- *n I -ijr prov««i^ mor«
ft^
— 3r
"aiTTc?!: aiL.i JT Zi=i:_ ;
g^^T "Z" ~^ 1 <^ .r^***"
::%
aJh:air
:Hi?n 'T'
1
f
X ^,
i.
1248 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Your recal is, you assert, the long suspended "blow of po^wer'^
which you had the sagacity clearly to predict. It is somewhat re-
markable that your predictions preceded the events which you im-
agine provoked that blow. As early as the 25th of July — soon after
"the happy change in my [your] relations, both official and private,
with Mr. Trist" — you looked, you say, "to be dismissed from the
service of my [yourj country." If your recall can be regarded as a
dismissal, you are entitled to all the credit of the fulfilment of your
own early prediction.
In presenting in its true light the President's compliance with
your own request to be recalled, which you now denominate your
dismissal, I may be obliged to strip it of the embellishments you
have ingeniously thrown around it, though, in doing this, you may
be deprived of much upon which you depend to sustain your claim,
to be considered as a persecuted man.
As early as June you begged to be recalled. You allege that this
application was "rebukingly declined." This is not saying the
exact thing. The reply to your request was, "that it would be de-
cided with exclusive reference to the public good. When that
shall render it proper in his (the President's) opinion to withdraw
you from your present command, his determination to do so will
be made known to you." This was not a denial, but a suspension
of present action, accompanied with an assurance of future action
on the subject. Your request was still pending; a regard to the
public good then stood in the way of the immediate gratification of
your wishes, but the President promised to act definitively on the
question when that obstacle should be removed. Judging from the
state of things at the head-quarters of the army, in January, he
concluded that it was removed, and that he ought no longer to re-
quire of you reluctant service as commanding general. This, cer-
tainly, cannot be called persecution, or punishment. I do not deem
it proper to comment on the state of things at the head-quartei^ of
the army, to which allusion is made in the letter granting your re-
quest, nor to express an opinion as to the share of responsibility
therefor which rests upon yourself or others; that matter is to a
considerable extent involved in the investigations before the court
of inquiry now sitting in Mexico. Your request to be recalled,
thus ultimately granted, was prefaced with imaginary complaints,
which could not be passed without notice, nor noticed, without
exposing their groundlessness. If the exposition has given offence,
you can blame only yourself for introducing complaints so entirely
unfounded.
The crowning outrage, as you regard it, is the simple fact that
you and "the three arrested officers" are all to be placed together
before the same court; "the innocent and the guilty, the accuser and
the accused, the judge and his prisoners, are dealt with alike."
"Most impartial justice!" you exclaim. And why is it not impar-
tial justice? On what ground of right can you claim to have your
case discriminated from theirs? It is true you have assumed to be
their judge, and have pronounced them guilty; and complain and
repine that the laws of the country do not allow you, their accuser,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1249
to institute a court to register your decree. But you are not their
rightful judge, although they were your prisoners. Before that court
you all stand on the same level, and all have equal rights. Though
you may have the self-satisfying conviction that you are innocent
and they are guilty, the government could act upon no such pre-
sumption. By becoming an accuser you did not nlace yourself be-
yond the reach of being accused; and unless you are clothed with
the immunity of despotic power, and can claim the benefit of the
maxim "that the king can do no wrong," I know not why your
conduct, when made the subject of charges, may not' be investi-
gated by a court of inquiry, nor can I perceive what other, or better,
right you have to complain, and arraign the government, than the
other officers whom you have accused, and whose cases, with yours
were referred to the same court. If yours is a hard case, theirs is
not less so: if you can rightfully complain of persecution by the
government, so can they, with equal justice, and an equal claim to
public sympathy.
The charges against you did not emanate from the government,
nor did they relate to a matter in which it could feel any peculiar
interest. Not believing it impossible for you to do wrong, or that
you were exempt from all responsibility, for whatever you might
have done, the government deemed it proper, when charges were
preferred against you, coming from a source entitled to respect, to
cause them to be investigated. As the usual and mildest mode of
proceeding, they were referred to a court of inquiry. Until you
can show that you enjoy the transcendental privilege to have your
official conduct exempt from all examination, in any form whatever,
you have no cause to complain of the course taken in regard to the
charges against you.
If your extraordinary pretensions are to derive any support from
your distinguished services in the field, you ought to be mindful
that the three accused officers, put under arrest by you, have like
claims for distinguished services. On the pages of impartial history
their names, and their gallant deeds, must appear -with yours, and
no monopolizing claims, seeking "malignant exclusions," at the ex-
pense of the "truth of history," will be permitted to rob them of
their fair share of the glory won by our gallant array while under
your command.
With your assault upon the character of your "erratic brother"
I shall not intermeddle, but I must repel your charge that he has
been favored for being a political "deserter" to ^Hhe truefaith,^^ for
signalizing his "aposlacy, by acceptable denunciations of one" to
whom he had formerly "professed (and not without cause) the highest
obligations.-" The reasons for not sending your charges against
Brevet Major General Worth to the court of inquiry are set forth
in my letter of ihe 13lh of January. I regret that they are so en-
tirely unsatisfa* lory to you, but am consoled with the assurance
that they are in other quarters mere favorably received. The errors
of your commentary on my letter have arisen from your misappre-
hension of the text. The principle there laid down is of vital im-
79
1250 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
portance to subordinate officers, and in no respect impairs the rights
or the authority of those in chief command. As the principles
which you arraign are the creations of your own fancy, and have
no countenance or support from my letter, I am in no way impli-
cated by the "fatal consequences" you deduce from them. Whe-
ther legitimate or fanciful, they do not disturb the positions laid
down in my letter,
I cannot, however, but regard your solicitude for the support of
discipline to be more ostentatious than profound. When a general
at the head of an army of freemen, who do not lose their rights as
citizens by becoming soldiers, sets up pretensions to dictatorial
pQ^er — when he contemns the authority of his goverhment, and is
much more ready to censure than to execute its orders and instruc-
tions— when he denounces as an outrage and a punishment the at-
tempt to submit his acts, charged to be an offence against a subor-
dinate officer, to an investigation in the mildest form — when he ad-
ministers an indignant reproo.f to his superior for upholding the
sacred right of appeal, upon which depend the security and protec-
tion of all under his command — such a general sets an example of
insubordinate conduct of wide and withering influence upon sound
military discipline.
By extending my comments upon your letter, I might multiply
proofs -to show that your accusations against the head of the War
Department are unjust; that your complaints are unfounded; that
the designs imputed by you to the government to embarrass your
operations, impair your rightful authority as commander, and to
oflFer outrage and insult to your feelings, are all the mere creations
of a distempered fancy; but to do more than I have done would,
in my judgment, be a w^ork of supererogation.
In conclusion, I may be permitted to say that, as one of the
President's advisers, I had nfiill share in the responsibility of the
act which assigned you to the command of our armies in Mexico.
I felt interested even more than naturally appertained to my official
position that success and glory should signalize your operations.
It was my duty to bring to your aid the efficient co-operation of
the War Department. I never had a feeling that did not harmonize
with a full and fair discharge of this duty. I know it has been
faithfully performed. There are some men for whom enough can-
not be done to make them grateful, or even just, unless ac*s of
subserviency and personal devotedness are superadded. From you
I expected bare justice, but have been disappointed. I have found
you my accuser. In my vindication I have endeavored to maintain
a defensive liJiC) and if I have gone beyond it at any time, it has
been done to r^epel unproked aggression. To your fame I have
endeavored to be ju^t. I have been gratified with the many occa-
sions I have had to ^ear public testimony to your abilities and
signal services as a miliu'^''y commander in the field. It has been,
and, under any change in Ou''" personal relations, it will continue to
be, my purpose to be liberal' *" "'7 appreciation of your distin-
guished military merits. In respb.*^* ^o your errors and your faults,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 125r
though I could not be blind, I regret that you have not permitted
me to be silent.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
To Major General Winfield Scott,
U. S. Army^ Mexico.
P. S. Papers herewith sent:
1. Duplicate of General Jesup's letter to me of the 18th February,
1848. ..
2. General Jesup's letter of the 17th instant.
3. do dp 18th do
Quartermaster General's Office,
Washington city^ February 18, 1848.
Sir: In reply to the complaint of General Scott, in his despatch
of the 25th of December, that Lieutenant Colonel Johnson's train
had returned without one blanket^ coat, jacket, or pair of panta-
loons, the small depot at Vera Cruz having been exhausted by the
troops under Generals Patterson, Butler, and Marshall, respec-
tively, all fresh from home, I have the honor to state that, if the
facts are as set forth by General Scott, the responsibility lies at
other doors than mine. Understanding fully his views and wishes,
I made ample provision for the old corps under his command.
Those corps, I believe, never exceeded in the aggregate seven
thousand men. To supply them I placed in depot at Vera Cruz,
eleven thousand forage caps, fourteen thousand wool jackets, and
four thousand cotton jackets; fifteen thousand flannel shirts, and
seventeen thousand cotton shirts; eighteen thousand pairs of wool
overalls, and four thousand pairs of cotton overalls; seventeen
thousand pairs of flannel drawers; thirty-seven thousand pairs of
bootees, (I- ordered fifty thousand pairs;) twenty-seven thousand
pairs of stockings; two thousand four hundred great coats, and nine
thousand two hundred blankets. These supplies were all sent to
Vera Cruz previous to the 30th of June.
I made no provision for the volunteers, for you are well aware I
had not a single cent that I could legally apply to the purchase of
clothing for them. If the generals named by General Scott ex-
hausted the clothing placed in depot at Vera Cruz, by applying it
to the use of their respective commands, they acted in violation of
the 36th article of war, and the general should hold them account-
able.
It is known here that several thousand suits of clothing, sent to
New Orleans and Mexico, for the use of the old army, have been
issued to the new regiments and to volunteers; but General Scott
is mistaken in supposing that the depot at Vera Cruz was entirely
exhausted by tho'se issues; for I have official information that as
late as the 6th of December, some time alter Lieutenant Colonel
1252 Ex. Doc. No. 60. ,
Johnson's train left Vera Cruz, there still remained in the depot at
that post eight thousand forage caps; three thousand nine hundred
wool coats and jackets, and six thousand nine hundred cotton
jackets; nineteen hundred wool and seven thousand seven hundred
cotton overalls; twenty-seven hundred flannel and thirteen thou-
sand seven hundred cotton shirts; fifteen thousand six hundred
pairs of drawers; two thousand seven hundred great coats; and
seven thousand blankets, and eleven thousand pairs of bootees.
If the volunteers and new regiments went to Mexico without the
proper supplies, that was the fault of those who commanded them.
General Butler, I understand, was specially directed to superin-
tend the organization, equipment, and movement of the volunteer
force. It was his business, not mine, to see that they were properly
clothed and supplied; and neither he. General Patterson, nor Gen-
eral Marshall had any right to take for their commands the sup-
plies I had placed at Vera Cruz for General Scott's old regiments.
For the new regiments I had made timely arrangements, and
would have sent to Vera Cruz, in November, a large supply of
clothing, but I received, in October, a report from Captain Irwin,
the acting quartermaster general of General Scott's army, dated
at the city of Mexico the 27th of September, of which the follow-
ing is an extract: "I have now a thousand people engaged in making
clothing; the quality of the material is not so good as our own, and
the price otn the average is fifty per cent, higher. Still supposing
the road between this and Vera Cruz to be entirely open, I think
the government will lose little, if anything, by purchasing here. I
shall be able to fill, in a very short time, every requisition which
has been made on me, with clothing, which, though not exactly of our
uniform, will be comfortable and good.''^
This information, sir, was from a man who not only knew how to
supply an army, by putting into requisition all the resources of the
country around him, but was better qualified to command a large
army than most of your generals in the field. The report of Cap-
tain Irwin delayed my action here, but, in December, I ordered
from Philadelphia a supply of clothing sufficient for the whole
army, regulars and volunteers.
To enable me to do this, I have been obliged to apply, on my
own responsibility, three hundred and sixty-'eight thousand dollars
of the funds of the quartermaster's department to the purchase of
clothing, and to authorize purchases to be made on credit, which
have been paid for by bills drawn on me at ninety days, which I
have accepted, hoping Congress, by making an appropriation, will
enable me to meet them by the time they become due.
I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant,
TH. S. JESUP,
Quart €T master General.
Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War, Washington City.
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1253
Quartermaster General's Office,
Washington City^ April 17, 1848.
Sir: I have received the extracts from General Scott's letter to
you, dated the 24th of February, complaining of the want of means
of transportation, of supplies, and of funds, from the quartermas-
ter's department, in consequence of which he informs you he was
embarrassed and delayed in his operations, as well in the attack on
Vera Cruz as in his movements afterwards; and I have to state in
reply, that delays did occur in the movement upon Vera Cruz
which were most vexatious, but which were not occasioned by any
neglect or omission on my part, or on that of any other officer of
the department, as a detail of the facts will show. The memoran-
dum from the War Department for the quartermaster general, al-
luded to by General Scott, fixed the number of transport ships for
his#expedition at forty-one, viz: twelve for the volunteers, ord-
nance, and supplies, from the Atlantic; five for surf boats or light-
ers; ten to go out in ballast for troops on the gulf of Mexico; and
fourteen to be supplied by the officers of the quartermaster's de-
partment at New Orleans and on the gulf. That number, I take it
for granted, was determined upon by General Scott himself or by
the War Department, with his assent, as I have not understood that
he, at any time, objected to the number as insufficient. He com-
plains that the ten in ballast for troops were not sent, and that the
embarkation was delayed thereby "in whole, or in part, from the
15th of January to the 9th of March."
Colonel Stanton informs me that the order to charter those ten
vessels was countermanded in consequence of a letter from me,
dated at Brazos Santiago the 27th day of December, which was
read by General Scott before it was sealed, and to which he added a
postscript. The general, no doubt, relied upon those vessels. I
expected them, for I believed they would be chartered and on the
way before my letter <iould be received; but so boisterous was the
season that I thought it unsafe to trust to their arrival, and made
my arrangements as if they had actually failed, which fact I re-
ported to General Scott, as well as I now remember, either through
Captain Wayne or the late Captain Hetzel.
It will be seen by reference to the memorandum referred to, that
twenty-seven vessels were to be sent from the Atlantic with troops,
supplies, and in ballast. Not one was sent in ballast; but there were
actually fifty-three ships, barques, brigs, and schooners, sent with
troops and supplies. It was expected that I should furnish four-
teen ships; the department actually furnished at New Orleans,
Brazos, and Tampico, for the army, before it took up the line of
march into the interior, one hundred and sixty-three vessels, some
of which made several voyages.
I submit a copy of a report from the late Captain Hetzel, marked
A, dated at the Brazos the 21st of February, 1847, which shows
what had been done by the department up to that time. Of the
102 vessels contained in that report, five were from the Atlantic, four
only of which had reported there, the other had been wrecked. I
1254 E^cJOoG. No. 60.
also submit paper marked B, which is a list of vessels chartered at
Tampico, to transport thence troops, horses, and mules.
Under the most favorable circumstances much time would have
been required to organize so extensve a transport service; but,
owing to the drenching rains throughout the month of January, the
ships and other vessels chartered at New Orleans could not be pre-
pared and sent to sea as rapidly as was desirable; and the frightful
northers described by General Scott in his letter of the 12th of
January, 1847, and mentioned in many of his subsequent letters,
delayed their arrival at the Brazos and Tampico^ as well as the
movement from those points. The time lost from these causes
alone may be fairly estimated at from twenty-five to thirty days.
But a measure of General Scott, which he seems to have over-
looked in summing up his difficulties, produced not only embar-
rassment and increased expense, but delays more injurious to^the
service than the want of ten ships promised from the Atlantic,
even had others not been substituted in their place. It was the
change in the destination of the Mississippi, Louisiana, North Coro-
lina, Massachusetts and Virginia regiments. Had the two former
been sent direct to Lobos, and a regiment already at Tampico
been left there for the defence of the place, and the regiment re-
placed by the Mississippi regiment been left with General Taylor,
double lighterage would have been avoided at a time when lighters
were not abundant, delay would have been prevented, and six ships,
that were rendered comparatively useless, would have been availa-
ble for the campaign, the places of which had to be supplied.
Had cutters or pilot-boats been despatched to cruise off cape St.
Antonio, with orders for the North Carolina, Massachusetts and
Virginia regiments to proceed direct to Sacrificios, double light-
erage, as well as the transports for the troops that replaced them,
would have been saved.
General Scott certainly had the right to change the destination
of those regiments, but he, not you or I, is responsible for the em-
barrassment, increased expense and delay occasioned by that
change.
As to the complaint of the want of funds, you are aware that the
appropriations were nearly exhausted — the small amount available
I was obliged to use so as to preserve the credit of the department;
and I made the only arrangement in my power for the supply of
funds by authorizing the officers of the department to draw on me
without limit. The service, I know, was carried on with as little
embarrassment as ever attended the service of any army in a foreign
war.
The complaint of General Scott in regard to clothing, is fully
answered in my report of the 18th of February last, which wi.l be
found in Executive document No. 56, page 250, to which I respect-
fully refer.
General Scott complains that not more than half of the surf boats
he required came at all, and of the siege train and ordnance stores,
only about one-half had arrived when the Mexican flags were re-
placed by those of the United States at Vera Cruz. The science
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1255
and valor of the army, he says, had to supply all deficiencies. The
result shows that he had surf boats and stores enough; and one of
his high merits as a commander is, that he never doubted the
science and valor of his army, but made the best use of both. He
had invaded a country with resources sufficient to support large
armies against us; he availed himself with great ability of the re-
sources of the enemy. This, I know, you and the President ex-
pected him to do. Had he failed to do so, or had he doubted the
scienc'e and valor of his army, he would have proved himself unfit
for the high trust confided to him; and those who placed him in
command would have had a heavy account to settle with the coun-
try. But his complaints are entirely groundless, as he, in his cooler
moments, I have no doubt will admit. He is one of the best in-
formed military men now living; but it would puzzle him to show
a single instance in the military history of the last two centuries
in which an army, whose personel and materiel had to be collected
from so vast a territory, was as well appointed and supplied as his
army has been. The glorious results of his campaign are a suffi-
cient answer to all his complaints — results so astonishing that the
faithful chronicler of the events as they occurred will probably be
considered rather the compiler of fables than the relator of facts.
I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant,
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
Honorable Wm. L. Marcy,
' Secretary of War,, Washington city.
1256 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
A.
Report of Capt. Hetzely of vessels for Gen. Scott^s expedition.
VESSELS EMPLOYED IN TRANSPORTING GEN. SCOTt's COMMAND FROM
THE BRAZOS TO LORDS.
No.
Name of vessel.
Remarks.
1
Stea
Ship
2
Edith
s
Talbot
8lh iniantry.
6th do
4
Elizabeth Dennison
»>
4th do
a
Henry
Artillery battalion.
5th iniantry.
7
Huron
8
Diadem
9
Russia
Dragoons.
10
Bangor
do
11
Eli Whitney
do
12
Louisville
Light artillery.
Dragoons.
13
Emerald
14
Arkansas
Light artillery.
Held in reserve.
15
Yazoo
VESSELS SENT TO TAMPICO FROM THE BRAZOS FOR THE TRANSPOR-
TATION OF TROOPS THENCE TO LOBOS. '
Ship Desdemona
Maine
Corsair.
Essex
Steamer Eudora
Virginia
Barque Jubilee
Caroline
Apphia Maria
Brig Importer
Pensacola
VESSELS THAT WILL BE SENT TO TAMPICO FOR THE TRANSPORTATION
w OF TROOPS THENCE TO LOBOS.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Steamer Alabama.. . .
New Orleans
Ship Pharsalia
Medford
Barque May Flower .
Ship Amazon
Barque Victory
Alabama
John Barns . .
Prompt
Brig Prairie ,
Planet ,
500.
800.
500.
400.
350.
400.
350.
250.
300.
250.
200.
200.
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
A — Continued.
1257
No.
Name of vessel.
Remarks.
13
14
15
16
Barque William Ivy
Brig Soldana
A. W. Browne
Rio
VESSELS EMPLOYED IN TRANSPORTING WAGONS, CARTS, MULES, IM-
PLEMENTS, &C., FROM BRASSOS TO LOBOS.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Ship Washington
Brig Etrurian
Tasso
Mary E. Balch
Schooner Fidelia
Ripple
Harriet Smith
Catherine H. Bacon
lona
Eleanor Stevens
Mary Payran
Ferine
Yucatan
Andrew J. Horton
Pacific
Ninotta
Oscar Jones
Eleanor
Louisa I Wagons and surf boats.
Blanch E. Payee Mules and quartermaster's store*
Euchiana Despatch boat.
Louisiana
Brig Architect
Tools, implemeats, 8tc.
Wagons.
Laborers and teamsters.
Coal and boats.
Wagons.
do
Mules.
Wagons, mules, &c.
Engmeers' train.
Wagons, mules, &c.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
VESSELS CHARTERED FOR THE TRANSPORTATION OF TROOPS, &C., TO
LOBOS, AT NEW ORLEANS AND NEW YORK, AND NOW AT OR ON
THEIR WAY TO LOBOS.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Ship Russell Glover.
Oxnard
Statesman
Ondiaka
Archelaus
Sharon
Alhambra
Oregon
EUeslie
Barque Floyd
Ship Ocean
J. W. Cooper..
General Veazie
May Flower . .
Beatrice
Henry Pratt. . .
1st Pennsylvania regiment.
do
do
Louisiana regiment.
do
do
South Carolina regiment.
do
do
do
2d Pennsylvania regiment.
do
do
2d Mississippi regiment.
do
do
1258
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
A — Continued.
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
Ship Susan Spofford , ....
Virginia
Brig Mattallack
Marie
Juan de Carthagena
R. R. Dudley
Mary Ann
Ship Shenango
Oswego
St. Louis
Suviah
American
Brig Plymouth
Schooner Pioneer
Ship Charlotte Read
Steamer Ocean
Ashland
Barque Isabella
Montezuma
Brig Empire
Mary Jane
Lumber.
do
"Water.
do
do
do
do
Recruits.
Horses.
Surf boats.
Coal and water.
Surf boats.
Coal and forage.
Pilot boat.
Ordnance stores.
Coal, &c., &c., (wrecked.)
Coalj &c., &c.
New York troops,
do
do
Many other vessels have been chartered for the transportation of guns, ordnance, and ord-
nance stores, from the north to Lobos; of which, however, no account has been received at
this place.
A. R. HETZEL, Capt. and A. Q. M.
Brazos Santiago, February 21, 1847.
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
1259
e®ooooooooooooooooooooooo
K
o3 — a. i
o
£.2
50
055
g.2.£-|oi II ill
^S
tDO
MO
r-c3 -r-
5-0
pq
fc. (S ■
Mm W m pq P3 m
0O0OOO0O00000O0OOC0OOOOOXCX3OO0O0OOO0O0O0OQOQO0O0O
>n>nmi^ooooooa>oiO'-''<i''-<'-ieoio>oooooa5inw<Nco(N
.-ii-ii-i.-ii-(t-iT-<t^i-ic^c^e^ •-< '^
'-<N«-^iotci^ooo50 — wco^iocof^^ooaiojjgjM^rfJ
l^m Ex. Doc. No. 60.
Quartermaster General's Office,
Washington city^ April 18, 1848.
Sir: Since my letter of yesterday, I hare received a report from
the principal quartermaster at the city of Mexico, dated the 20th of
March, from which I make, and submit for your consideration, the
following extract:
"I am happy to inform you that this army (the army under General
Butler) is well supplied with clothing, camp, and garrison equip-
page; at Vera Cruz, there still remains for issue or transportation
to the interior, a good supply of the above articles."
This is a fine commentary on the complaints recently made to you
of the delinquencies of the said department.
I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant,
TH. S. JESUP,
Quartermaster General.
The Hon. W. L. Marcy,
Secretary of War^ Washington city.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Washington^ June 19, 1846.
Understanding that one of the provisions of the bill that has
just passed Congress, adds four assistant adjutants general to that
department of the general staff, I beg to submit, in connexion
therewith, these remarks:
We have now six officers (all taken from, and still holding com-
missions in the line) bearing that precise designation — two of them,'
Cooper and Thomas, with the brevet rank of major, and four,
Shriver, Prentiss, Bliss, and Freeman, with the brevet rank of
captain. Of the whole six, Shriver is the only one whose regi-
mental rank has come up (since his appointment to the department)
to his regimental [staff] rank; that is, he is now a captain, by brevet,
in the staff, and also a captain in the 2d artillery. If I understand
the precise terms of another provision of the new bill. Captain
Shriver will be obliged to give up one of his captaincies.
Both classes of assistant adjutanfs general (majors and captains)
bear, precisely, under the act July 5, 1838, section 7 (Cross, p. 262)
the same designation. But that act prescribes that two of the as-
sistants shall have the brevet rank of major, and the other four,
that of captain.
The new act, I learn (it is not before me) makes no such dis-
crimination as to rank; but simply adds to the department four
assistants.
As this is the branch of the general staff (department of orders)
the most immediately connected with the general head-quarters of
the whole army, I suppose it to be partircularly my duty to add:
That, in my view of military propriety, or the interest of the ser-
vice, two of the new assistants ought to be of the class of Major,
and the other two of the class of captain, which would give the
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1261
department (besides the adjutant general) four majors and six
captains, all by brevet.
That Captain William C. De Jfar/', 2d artillery, would, from long
and varied experience, as well as from general talents and acquire-
ments, not to speak of the valuable services he has rendered, make
a most excellent assistant of the first class.
That Captain W. W. S. Bliss, first lieutenant 4th infantry, long
the chief of General Taylor's staff, as assistant adjutant general — an
officer of singular accomplishments, and who has, in that capacity,
highly distinguished himself in the great events which have recent-
ly occurred on the Rio Grande — seems pre-eminently entitled to the
other majority,
1. First Lieutenajit S. C. Ridgely, 4th artillery, an officer of
great and varied talents and experience, now attached to the general
headquarters of the army, as acting judge advocate, recommended
as one [of] the new assistants.
2. First Lieutenant H. S. Turner, 1st dragoons, long adjutant of
that regiment, and now with Colonel Kearny, and wanted with him.
He is highly qualified to be the other of the two original places.
3. First Lieutenant H. L. Scott , 4th infantry, long aid- de- camp,
&c., with excellent talents and experience, recommended as assist-
ant with the rank of captain, vice Bliss, promoted.
4. First Lieutenant J. H. Eaton, 3d infantry, aid- de- camp to
General Taylor, and much distinguished in the present campaign,
recommended vice Shriver, who it is supposed will, by the new
act, be obliged to return to his regiment. But, as Lieutenant Eaton
may become a regimental captain, in a few weeks, by ordinary
promotion, I offer vice Shriver.
5. First Lieutenant Irwin McDowell, 1st artillery, aid-de-camp
to General Wool, and who will be needed with the latter, who is
charged, immediately, with the Chihuahua expedition.
All which is respectfully submitted to the Secretary of War.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
P June 23, 1846.
\ Major General Scott asks the attention of the Secretary of War
to a bundle of papers which General Scott has somewhat accident-
ally obtained, relative to prisoners of war, &c.
It would seem that the files and records of the War Department
are without such documents.
The paper in print (the longer one) contains matters which seem,
at this time, to demand attention on the part of the United States
and Mexico, as belligerents. Perhaps the Secretary may extract
certain parts of the long paper, and send them to Brevet Major
General Taylor, as a basis of arrangement between him and the
competent authority on the part of Mexico. An authentie copy of
the same paper may probably be obtained at the State Department.
.^Respectfully submitted.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
1262 Ex. Doc; No. 60.
Projet. — Military chest.
July 2, 1846.
Respectfully submitted to the Secretary of War.
It is understood that the paymaster general prefers and has made
a separate arrangement.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
General orders:
The quartermaster general will cause to be provided and sent 1o
the general head quarters of the army against Mexico^ a suitable
military chest, capable of containing | in gold for disburse-
ment on account of that army while in the enemy's country, or
while operating in the field. ^
This chest will be kept under the guard of general head-quarters,
for the reception and safe-keeping of such large sums of public
money as disbursing staif officers may not find it necessary to keep
about them for current use.
The general-in chief of that army will designate one or more of
the principal staff officers about head -quarters to keep the key or
keys of the chest, to pass receipts for deposites made in the same,
and to reissue upon the proper recei^pts, such convenient sums as
may, from time to time, be needed by the depositors or other offi-
cers of the same branches of the staff, respectively, for the public
service. Accordingly, moneys deposited in the chest by officers of
the quartermaster's department, sub.>istence department, or pay de-
partment, will only be reissued, except in extreme cases, and by
the special order of the general-in-chief of that army, to the offi-
cers of the same disbursing department.
Remarks on Governor Edwardsh letter {July 6) to the Secretary of
War.
July 17, 1846.
I do not wish to put my opinion in opposition to that of the
Missouri authorities (aided by recent intelligence) on the force
necessary to conquer Santa Fe or New Mexico; but I do not believe
Brigadier General Kearny will meet, at any one point in the entire
route to the Pacific, 2,500 men tolerably armed, which is less than
the force of his own command, including Sterling's [Price's] regi-
ment. {JVote. — Governor Edwards does not, by his letter, appear
to be aware of Summers's and Cooke's companies, of the 1st dra-
goons, which have followed Kearny.)
Nevertheless, as a comj)romise, I suggest that Governor Edwards
be authorized to raise, and to despatch after Kearny, a battalion of
foot volunteers, say of five companies of 100 men each, or of six,
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1263
with fewer privates, to follow Colonel Sterling's [Price's] regiment*
the new battalion to be armed with muskets, except one company,
to which rifles should be given. Such addition would carry up the
Santa Fe expedition to about 3,200 men, independent of the Mor-
mons, and of accessions to be made at Bent's Fort and within New
Mexico. f
Undisciplined ks Kearny's army may be, the opposing Mexicans
will be equally so; and, physically and morally, every two Ameri-
cans may safety be considered as, at least, equal to three Mexicans.
Respectfully submitted.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
It is respectfully submitted to the Secretary of War, that I pro-
pose, if not objected to by him, to issue an order to this eff'ect:
General Orders, ) Head quarters of the Army,
No. — . ^ Adjutant GeneraPs Office, September 5, 1846.
Brevet Brigadier General Worth, now in command of a brigade
in the army operating against Mexico, is assigned to duty with that
army, according to his brevet rank.
By command of Major General Scott:
R-—- J ,
Adjutant General.
September 5, 1846.
Without an order to the above eff'ect, General Worth is now lia-
ble to be commanded, not only by any brigadier general of militia
or volunteers, but also by any colonel senior to him as colonel.
Please see general orders, No, 5, of this year, (which revives
the order of August 13, 1829,) paragraph 4.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
[Endorsement.]
Projet.
October 8, 1846.
The within draft of a letter it may be proper to address to each
commander of an army now operating against Mexico. I am
aware that it presents grave topics for consideration, which is in-
vited.
It will be seen that I have endeavored to place all necessary
limitations on martial law. 1. By restricting it to a foreign hostile
countryj 2. To off'ences enumerated with some accuracy; 3. By
1264 . Ex. Doc. No 60.
assimilating councils of war to court martials; 4. By restricting
punishments to the known laws of some one of the States, &c.
Respectfully submitted to the consideration of the Secretary of
War.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Projet.
Head-quarters of the Army, i
Washington^ October — , 1846.
Sir: It cannot but happen that many offences, not cognizable by
courts martial, under the "act for establishing rules and articles of
war, for the government of the armies of the United States," ap-
proved April 10, 1846, will be committed by, or upon, the army
under your command, while in the enemy's country. I allude to
crimes which, if committed within our own organized limits, would,
as heretofore, be referred to the ordinary or civil courts of the
land. — CrosSj p. 107.
Our land forces take with them, when on service beyond the
limits of the Union, its organized territories, and the "Indian
country," as defined by the first section of the act approved June
30, 1834, no statutory code for the punishment of offences, other
than the said recited act of 1806, with its amendments. — Cross, p.
204.
Murder, wilfully stabbing and maiming, and assault and battery,
committed upon any ^^superior officer.^^'' and no one else; or the
drawing and lifting up any weapon against, or the offering any
violence to, such officer, (he being, in the several cases, "in thi
execution of his duty,''''') by any "officer or soldier," or other person
subject to said articles, are all clearly within the 9th of those ar-
ticles.— Cross, p. 208.
Wanton disturbance of religious worship is made punishable by
the 2d article, without reference to place or country. — Cross, p. 107.
So are spies, (not citizens of the United States,) by the second
section of the said act of 1806. — Cross, p. 123.
Other capital offences against the general safety of the Union
and army are expressly referred to courts martial, by the 56th and
57th articles. — Cross, p. 116.
The 51st and 55th provide for a few other capital offences which
may be committed abroad; and the 52d, abroad or at home, upon
persons or property, by individuals of the army; and the 99th ar-
ticle refers numerous non-specified crimes, ^hiot capital," but
merely "disorders and neglects, to the prejudice of good order and
military discipline," to courts martial, whether such offences be
committed at home or abroad. — Cross, pp. 115, 116, 123.
It is evident that the 99th article, so qualified or limited, can-
not apply to the numerous omitted offences in question; many of
which, if committed, ought, no doubt, to be punished with death,
or otherwise severely; for it is enacted in the 87th, that "no per-
Ex. Doc. No. 60.
1265
son sha 1 be sentenced to suffer death" by general courts martial
V^^'t^u '\ ^ ''^' ■' ^'^'^'^ expressly mentioned"— a limitation
which has been universally applied to the com7nissio?is of officers
also. — Cross, p. 120.
Articles 32, 33, and 54, seem to be limited to the general main-
tenance of good order at home and abroad, and to the protection
of persons and property loiihin the United States.— Cro55 «» 119
115. ' ^^' '
Assassination, wilful murder, stabbing, maiming, wounding as-
sault and battery, (except under the strict limitations of the 9th
and 51st articles;) rape, wilful destruction of houses, or other
private property; robbery and theft, or plunder and pillage, (ex-
cept in the limited cases under the 52d and 55th articles;) and de-
secration of religious edifices, fixtures, and monuments, are all
whether committed by or upon the army, at home or abroad, un-
provided for by our written military code; and they are offences
which, of course, could not, in a foreign hostile country, often if
ever, be safely turned over to the courts of such country, whether
the offenders belong to the latter or to the army.
The good of the service, the honor of the United States, and the
interests of humanity, demand that the numerous grave offences
omitted, except to a limited extent, as above, should not go unpun-
ished because committed in a foreign country, on, or by our
army.
The British mutiny act, and articles of war founded thereupon
(which had their origin at the revolution of 1688,) omit the same
offences, and lo the same extent, because, as Lord Loughborough
(2 PL Blackstone, 98) remarks, "In this country, all the delinquen-
cies of soldiers are not triable, as in most countries of Europe by
martial law," (which, he says, in the same' opinion, had, in the con-
tinental sense been "totally exploded" from that kingdom since
1688; "but, where there are ordinary offences against the civil
peace, they are tried by the common law courts;" (and such also
has always been done in the United States.)
But when a British army is abroad, in a hostile country, the
omissions in the British penal code — (the same as in ours, and to
the same extent; for our articles of war are borrowed in extenso
and with but slight verbal variations therefrom) — that army sup-
plies those omissions by the supplemental, unwritten, and undefined
code, called martial law.
This law can have no constitutional, legal, or even necessary ex-
istence, ivithin the United States. At home, even the suspension
of the writ of habeas corpus^ by Congress, could only lead to the
indefinite incarceration of an individual or individuals who, if fur-
ther punished, at all, could only be so punished through the ordi-
nary, or common law courts of the land.
But abroad, and in hosUle countries, it is believed that the com-
manders of our armies, like those of Great Britain, may, ex neces-
sitate rei^ enforce martial law against any of the grave otTences in-
dicated above, which may be unprovided for in our statutory code,
80
1266 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
whether such offences be coramitted by persons appertaining ta
those armies, or by the inhabitants of the hostile country.
Accordingly, no matter by whom such offences may be commit-
ted in the hostile country occupied by the army under your imme-
diate command, or in which it may be engaged in military opera-
tions, whether by persons appertaining to that army upon the per-
sons and property of each other, or by such persons upon the per-
sons or properly of the inhabitants of the hostile country, or by
the latter upon the persons or property of the army and iti fol-
lowers, all such offences, if against the laws of war, 'and not pro-
vided for in our rules and articles of war, will be duly brought be-
fore councils of war^ and by them tried and sentenced, according
to the nature and degree of such offence, and according to the
known laws of any one of the States of this Union.
Every council of war, for the trial of such offences, will be ap-
pointed in the same manner, and by the same authority, that ap-
points courts martial, whether general, regimental, or garrison, and
will? as far as practicable, be governed by the same limitations,
rules, principles and procedure, including reviews, modifications,
meliorations, and approval of sentence. — Articles 65, 97.
\^ The proceedings of councils of war will, of course, be kept in
writing, and sent to the adjutant general's office, as in the case of
the proceedings of courts maitial.
Part of General Order, JYo. 69, headed " War Department, October
15, 1846."
Brevets.
" V. The President of the United States has been pleased to con-
fer on the following named officerSj serving in Florida, for gallant
and meritorious actions in the face of the enemy, the brevet rank
set opposite to their names respectively:
"Major B. K. Pierce, of the 1st regiment of artillery, to be lieu-
tenant colonel by brevet, for distinguished services in the affair of
Fort Drane, to date, from the 21st Aagust, 1836.
"Captain T. Child?, of the 3d regiment of artillery, to be major
by brevet, for planning the attack on the Indians at Fort Drane,
and good conduct in that affair, to date from the 21st August,
1836.
"Captain William M. Graham, of the 4th regiment of infantry,
to be major by brevet, for gallantry and good conduct in the affair
of the Withlacoochee, to date from the 31st December, 1835.
"Captain R. B. Lee, of the 3(1 regiment of artillery, to be major'
by brevet, for gallantry and good conduct in the affair of Micanopy,
to date from 9th June, 1836.
"Captain J. A. Ashby, of the 2d regiment of dragoons, to be
major by brevet, f«r gallantly and good conduct in the affair of
Welika, to date from 19th .July, 1836.
"First Lieutenant Campbell Graham, of the 3d regiment of artil-
lery, to be captain by brevet, for gallantry and good conduct in
Ex. Doc. No. 60. -1267
the affair on the Withlacooche, to date from the 31st December,
1835. ■ '
"First Lieutenant W. S. Maitland, of the 3d regiment of artil-
iery, to be captain by brevet, for gallantry and good conduct in the
affairs of the Withlacopchee and Welika, to date from the 31st De-
cember, 1835.
''Second Lieutenant A. Herbert, of the 1st regiment of artillery,
to be 1st lieutenant by brevet, for gallantry and good conduct on
several occasions in Florida, to take rank from the 27th July,
1836.
"By order of Alexander Macomb, major general commanding in
chief.
"R. JONES,
^^ Adjutant General.^^
These eight officers were breveted in the recess of the Senate^
(which adjourned July 4,) but subject to the advice and consent
of that body. Accordingly they were nominated by President
Jackson, February 24, 1837, and confirmed 7th of March, following.
Major Heileman had been previously breveted a lieutenant colonel
in the same recess of the Senate; but, Heileman having died in the
mean time, he was not nominated on the meeting of the Senate.
It will be perceived by this order that the services for which these
brevets (or many of them) were given, were rendered during the
session of the Senate.
It is due to President Jackson and the acting Secretary of War,,
(Mr. Butler,) to say that these brevets were given under a temr
porary suppoution that section 9, act June 30, 1834, {Cross, page
250) repealed section 2, act April 16, I8l8, {Cross, page 202 3)
whereas, in reality, the only provision repealed was the power of
the President and Senate to grant brevets for ten years' service,
in the same grade, under section 4, act July 6, 1812 — Cross, page
155. That "clause," or provision of law, only was repealed.
But, it is not doubted,- that, on other grounds, the eight brevets,
announced in this printed order, were legally granted in the recess
of the Senate, subject to future nomination and confirmation, as in
the case of ordinary promotions in the recess of the Senate. A
regimental major, for example, dies in the recpss. The good of the
service requin s that the vacancy should ba promptly filled. The
senior captain is announced, in orders, to take the vacancy, and a
letter of appointment, subject to the future confirmation of the
Senate, is given to him. This promotion is an incident to the cap-
tain's seniority. So the captain, in the recess, distinguishes him-
self in battle, "by gallant actions." As a legal incident to such
distinction, the act of 1812, (the President being the judge,) au-
thorizes a brevet; and the act of I8I8 only superadds that the bre-
vet shall, like the ordinary promotion, be subjected to the confirm-
ation of the Senate, before the termination of the next session.
The brevet, in such case, is not an independent commission, like
that of a supernumerary second lieutenant, (graduate of the military
academy,) it is merely a legal incident to the ordinary commis-
1268 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
sion, or previously acquired by the brevet of the distinguished
officer. , . ^ , ^ ^- i. * -i
It is evident that the sole object of the second section, act April
16 1818, {Cross, page 202,) was to make brevets, like ordinary com-
missions, subject to the confirmation of the Senate. Prior to that
time, the President alone conferred brevets.
Resoectfully submitted to the Secretary of War;
^ ^ WINFIELD SCOTT.
October, 1846.
For the place of assistant adjutant, [general,] with the rank of
major:
Captain William C. De Hart, 2d artillery.
Captain J. R. Vinton, 3d artillery.
Captain R. Anderson, 3d artillery.
If of the rank of captain:
1st Lieutenant J. McDougall, 1st artillery, now aid-de-camp to
General W.
Vera Cruz and its castle.
f. I beg to repeat, in a more methodical form, the views I have al-
ready had the honor to express (hastily and orally) to the Secreta-
ries of War and the Navy, touching an expedition against the above
places.
The government, or interior people of Mexico, seem, in war, to
present to us this dilemma: " If you come with few, we will over-
whelm you; if with many, you will overwhelm yourselves."
It is apprehended that this may be true of the line of operations
upon the capital of Mexico from the Rio Grande, considering the
great length of that line, and the deficiency of food and water on
many of its links, some of them thirty, forty, or sixty miles in
length.
To reach the heart of that country, from the gulf coast, there is
a difficulty in three quarters of the year, more formidable than the
artificial defences of other countries; I allude to the vomito in all
the ports, not to speak of the want of harbors for shipping, and of
practicable roads leading into the interior, txcept at and from Vera
Cruz.
Unless with a view to a second, or new line of operations, I re-
gard the possession, by us, of the city of Vera Cruz and its castle,
San Juan d'Ulloa, as a step towards compelling Mexico to sue for
peace, as not likely to he worth one tenth of the lives, time, and
money, which their capture would cost us. In other words, J am
persuaded that our possession of those places would be of but very
little more value than the present strict blockade of the per^; un-
less, as intimated above, the capture should be promptly followed
by a march thence, with a competent force, upon the capital. To
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 12G9
conquer a peace, I am now persuaded that we must take the city
of MexicO; or place it in imminent danger of capture, and mainly-
through the city of Vera Cruz.
To take the castle of San Juan d'Ulloa would, no doubt, be a
virtual and prompt capture of the city lying under its guns. The
reverse of the proposition would, probably not be equally, certain
— I mean in any short time. The castle, after the loss of the city,
might still hold out for many weeks, perhaps months, until com-
pelled to surrender from the want of subsistence and water, unless"
earlier reduced by land and water batteries, escalade, &c.
It is believed that the castle, with a competent garrison, cannot
be taken by water batteries alone; or by the latter and an. escalade,
without a very heavy and disproportionate loss of life on the part
of the assailants, besides a loss of time, which, by running into the
season of the vomito, might quadruple the waste of life, and cause
the invading army to lose a campaign.
For these reasons, it seems decidedly preferable to capture the
city first, and by its means (shelter and guns) to attack the castle
by land and water, including joint escalades — unless it should be
found probable that the want of food and drinking water would
lead to an early surrender.
To place the capture of both places beyond the probability of a
failure, I suppose the following means to be indispensable:
The present blockading squadron re-inforced by many bomb-
ketches — probably yet to be constructed.
An army of at least ten thousand men, consisting of cavalry (say)
2,000, artillery (say) 600, and the remainder infantry.
The whole of the artillery, and at least half of the cavalry and
infantry, ought to be regular troops.
Scows and other boats, specially constructed for the purpose,
sufficient to land, at once, at least 2,500 men, with two light bat-
teries, would be needed. Cavalry and artillery horse would fol-
low, after a foothold had been gained.
The number of cavalry I have named might be indispensable to
aid in repelling any Mexican army in the field, seeking to save the
city from an assault or a siege.
For this purpose, and to overcome opposition at the point of de-
scent, I have assumed ten thousand men to be the minimum force
of the invaders.
The point of descent might be anywhere beyond the reach of
the enemy's guns at the city and the castle, including Alvarado;
but, preferably, as near the city as practicable.
I suppose the expedition may be fitted out, and in position to
make the descent, at the latest, by the beginning of the new year;
leaving three months for the capture of the city and castle, and for
the commencement of the march upon the capital before the season
of yellow fever, . ,
By that time, (say in the month of March,) that army might be
augmented to about 20,000 men, for ulterior operations, by new
regiments of regulars and volunteers.
There are, already, on the Rio Grande, and in Mexico, more sut-
1270 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
plus United States volunteers than would be needed for the expe-
dition in the first instance, and I suppose that four or five Ihousand
regulars raight be in readiness by the first of Dc-cember, (mostly
drawn from the same quarter,) and still leave a threatening force
at Monterey.
The junction of Brigadier General Wool with General Taylor,
together with the recruits who may be enlisted for the regular ar-
my, in the next month, will, it is believed, give the required num-
ber for the above purposes.
All of which is respectfully submitted to the Secretary of War.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Head-quarters or the Army,
Washington^ October 27, 1846.
Supplement to the memoir of October 27th, on the prosecution
of the war against Mexico.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
November 12, 1846.
Vera Ciuz and its castle. — Jfew line of operations^ thence upo7i the
capital.
On the 27th ultimo, I had the honor to submit a short memoir
under this head. I beg to add a supplement.
Seeing the obstinacy of Mexico in declining all overtures to treat
with us, and her present dogged silence, on the same subject, even
after we have blockaded all her ports — again and again beaten or
scattered het armies, and occupied many of her outer provinces — it
is evident that, to compel her to sue for peace, we must modify our
plan of invasion and prosecute it, with, if possible, redoubled
means.
Time is always, at least, the second element of cost in war;
sometimes the^r^^. Nay, the shorter the war, the greater, in gen-
eral, the economy of life.
Hence, among other reasons, a little war — a war prosecuted with
inadequate means or vigor — is a greater evil than a big war. It
discredits the party possessed of the superior means ; it exhausts
her financies, exhausts enthusiasm, and generally ends in a failure
of all the objects proposed. Besides, in the present instance, neu-
tral commerce begins to exhibit signs of impatience under the loss
of an important mart; and interest, sympathy, or the chapter of
accidents, may, if the blockade, &c., be long continued, raise up
new parties against us. Such is, no doubt, the sustaining hope of
Mexico.
Until recently, I had concurred in the opinion of others that
Mexico might be compelled to propose reasonable terms of accom-
modation by the time we had conquered the advantages our arms
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1271
have now obtained. Considering her political instability, and our
want, at the time, of an adequate regular army, the plan of cam-
paign assumed at the beginning of hostilities, seemed worthy of an
experiment. It has failed, and further brilliant victories on a sin-
gle line of operations towards the capital, may be as tedious as
that route is difficult, and equally barren of peace. The fatuitous
obstinacy of the enemy — now known to be in the inverse ratio of
the prowess of her troops and financial means — yet remains to be
subdued.
With a view to additional developments, I re£ur to the sugges-
tions I have heretofore made.
The minimum force (10,000 men) then proposed, I still deem in-
dispensable. Personally, I would be willing to attempt the cap-
ture of Vera Cruz, and through it, the castle of San Juan d'Ulloa,
"with perhaps a smaller army, aided by the blockading squadron off
that coast. But I very much doubt whether the government ought
to risk the expedition, under any commander, with a land force
less than twelve, perhaps fifteen thousand men.
Considering the comparative short line from her central and
more populous States to Vera Cruz, and that the war on the part
of Mexico has evidently become national^ no matter who may be
the ruler, she certainly may be expected to assemble some twenty
or thirty thousand men to garrison and to cover (in the field) Vera
Cr-uz. This I am obliged to suppose she may do with greater ease
than she placed seven or eight thousand troops at Monterey. She
would probably have ample time to double that number at that
point, if w^e admit her capacity to arm so many: 1. By getting
early information of our Intended embarkation; and 2. By the
possible delay of weeks, from heavy winds (northers) and surf,
after the arrival of our transports off the points of descent. All
these calculations (many of them probabilities) ought to be care-
fully considered before fitting out an expedition; the failure of
which, from inadequate means, would be so fatal to the credit of
the administration and the character of our country.
I have suggested, apparently, a large number of land troops for
the operations on the coast. A small deduction, equal to the number
of men, say 1,200, that might, for the first moments, be drawn from
the blockading squadron, may be made.
After effecting a landing, no doubt under a heavy fire, with, say,
two or three thousand of our best troops, at once, in boats yet to
be constructed, making good the foothold, until the remainder of
the expedition could follow, after beating the covering army, the
city would be the next object of attack. If not likely to be forced
to surrender by cutting off its supplies, in some few weeks, an as-
sault would be preferable with the loss of several hundred men, to
a longer delay; the fall of the castle would necessarily soon follow
that of the city.
I have said 'the principal object in those captures, would be to
open a new and better line of operations upon the enemy's capital.
To reach that point, or to place it in imminent danger of capture,
an army of more than 20,000 men may be needed: 1. To beat, in
1272 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
the field and in passes, any accumulated force in the way; 2. To
garrisoH any important points in the rear, to secure a free commu-
nication with Vera Cruzj and, 3. To make distant detachments in
order to gather in, without long halts, necessary subsistence.
If 10,000 men be more than necessary for the capture of Vera
Cruz, &c., so much the smaller reinforcement — say, by the month
of May, at the latest — would be needed for the advance upon the
capital.
I suppose the expedition of 10,000 men may be put afloat, at the
latest, by the first. of January. It seems that the vomito is not to
be feared, on the coast, before May. The interval would allow us
time to take the harbor of Vera Cruz, and to raise (by the aid of
bounties) ten or twelve new regiments of regulars and to fill the
ranks of the old, for operations in the interior.
If the reinforcements, with the necessary horses, guns, and means
of transportation, arrive at Vera Cruz before the season of the
i)07nito, the capital would be in peril, and probably, a peace early •
secured. Perhaps, before the arrival of that reinforcement, we
might be able to advance and take Jalapa.
IBut it might be asked, how obtain the land force, regulars and
volunteers, for the expedition, and have all afloat — eight, nine, or
ten thousand men — by the 1st of January'?
Including the troops under the immediate command of Brigadier
General Wool, (ordered down upon Monterey,) there will soon be 'on
Major General Taylor's line of operations upon "Mexico, via the Rio
Grande and Monterey, say 6,500 regulars and 13,500 twelve months'
volunteers, making a total of 20,000 men. We may leave upon
that line, say, 2,500 regulars and 8,500 volunteers, total 11,000
men. With this force, all necessary garrisons in the rear may be
kept up, and a column held at Monterey capable of advancing on
the line of Saltillo and San Luis- de Potosi, or of detaining in its
front a large portion, or twice the number of the Mexican forces.
It is certain that a garrison of Americans at Monterey, of four, or
even three thousand men, would be able to defend it against a
Mexican army of three or four times the number. But the move-
able column at that point, out of the total of 11,000, might be car-
ried up to at least 8,000. This, it may be assumed, would be fully
suflficient to threaten and probably to take SaltiJlo, if not San Luis
de Potosi, &c., &c., combined with the movement on the new line
of operations from Vera Cruz.
Deducting the forces to remain on the old line of operations, as
above, we shall have disposable, for the expedition against Vera
Cruz, 4,000 regulars and 5,000 volunteers, which, with the men to
be drawn from the blockading squadron, may give an aggregate
capable of taking that city.
I have not included in the aggregate of 20,000 men, above, any
volunteers sent down from Santa Fe to Chihuahua, which force, un-
der the orders issued, would, of course, come upon the line of Ca-
rnargo and Monterey; nor have I included the recruits, to be en-
listed in time for the new expedition. Besides those additions,
probably more than suflUcient to make good all intermediate casual-
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1273
ii-es, perhaps two or three other companies of regulars (rifles and
infantry) may be disposable for the two attacking columns.
To meet the double invasion, Mexico must either divide her
forces and increase our chance of success on both lines, or double
her forces on one, and leave the other comparatively open to our
advance.
To divide our forces on the lower Rio Grande, and in the direc-
tion of Monterey and Saltillo, equitably and wisely between the
two lines of operations upon the enemy's capital, the positive in-
structions of the government will be needed, besides the presence
on the theatre of war of the highest in army rank. The latter, I
beg to say, is the proper officer to carry out, on the spot, the in-
structions of government in respect to that division, and to direct
the principal attacking column on and from Vera Cruz.
I need scarcely add that all preliminary arrangements should be
commenced at once, such as taking up transport vessels for troops
and supplies, with, say 1,000 horses for officers, cavalry, and artil-
lery; the purchase and construction of boats for debarkation in the
surf, &c., &c. Those arrangements may be made here, in gfeat
part, and within a few days, when I shall be ready to proceed to
the Rio Grande, to complete those arrangernents before the arrival
of the transports.
All w^hich is respectfully submitted to the Secretary of War.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
Head-quarters of the Army,
Washington^ JVovemher 12, 1846.
• Memoranda for the Secretary of War.
The forces with General Taylor, including those under General
Wool, and under orders to join the former, may be re-stated thus:
Regulars 7,000
Volunteers »• 13,500
20,500
s Nine additional regiments of volunteers, now to be called
for, at 750 effective men each 6,750
27,250
For the Vera Cruz expedition, say:
Regulars 4 ,000
Volunteers 10,000
* 14,000
14,000
Sailors and mariners 1 ,000
15,000
Leaving for the line of Monterey, &c 13,250
1274 Ex. Doc. No. 60.
For transporting 14,000 men to Vera Cruz, with horses, artillery-,
stores, and boats, 50 ships, of from 500 to 750 tons each.
The boats of the blockading squadron are not, I learn, capable of
putting ashore, at once, more than (say) 500 men — only one half the
number to be drawn from the fleet.
We should therefore require (say) 140 flat boats, to put ashore
at once, say 5,000 men, with 8 pieces of light artillery.
Horses might follow in the second or third trip of the boats.
The form of these boats, &c., shall be determined by to-morrow,
when orders may be given for their purchase, (probably,) construc-
tion. Colonel Stanton, chief quartermaster, is expected back to-
night.
The ships need not (to avoid demurrage) be chartered until the
troops are known to be nearly in position to embark.
But for a ponton train, to pass rivers, orders should be given
to-day.
Respectfully submitted.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
P. S, — Orders should be given at once, to have in readiness tobe
shipped, ordnance and ordnance stores for the water expedition.
This shall be attended te to-day. W. S.
Head-quarters of the Armv,
Washington, JVovember 16, 1846.
For the Secretary of War.
I have hastily read Major General Taylor's despatches which ar-
rived last night. I suppose that the war must go forward, and not
be allowed to degenerate into a war like a peace, which would be
as bad, or worse, than a peace like a war^ involving an indefinite
period of time and waste of money.
I have the honor to propose:
1. That for the expeditioo against Vera Cruz, 5,000 regulars and
four small brigades of volunteers, making (say) 6,000 men, with
two volunteer major generals, and four volunteer brigadier generals,
be taken from the forces now under Major General Taylor, or under
orders to join him, although he may thereby be, for a time, re-
duced to a strictly defensive condition at Monterey.
2. That to the 11,000 men (regulars and volunteers, as above,)
there be added (say) 4,000 of the new volunteers, the first that may
arrive off the Rio Grande. These 4,000 volunteers to be divided
among the four old brigades, taken as above, or be placed under
two new volunteer brigadiers, to be appointed by the President,
according to his pleasure.
3. That the new volunteers (nine regiments) he organized and
despatched as rapidly as possible, and also the construction of the
boats for embarkation and debarkation, in order that the whole ex-
pedition may be afloat and beyond the Rio Grande by the 15th of-
January, or, at the very latest, the 1st of February, so as to leave
Ex. Doc. No. 60. 1275
gooci time for operations on the gulf coast before the return of the
yellow fever, to be apprehended in April, but always certain in
May.
4. That, to enable Major General Taylor to resume offensive, or
at least threatening^ movements from Monterey upon Saltillo, San
Luis de Potosi, &c., pending the expedition against Vera Cruz, if
possible, to send him recruits to fill up the regular corps left with
him, and also the remainder (say) 3,.500 new volunteers of the nine
regiments.
5. That, to give the certainty of greater activity and success to
the two attacking columns, it is respectfully suggested that the
President call for — additional regiments of volunteers,
6. That besides the brevets, understood to be designated for Bri-
gadier General Worth, &c., that one be given to Colonel P. F.
Smith, of the rifles, in order that he may be assigned accordingly,
and placed in command of a brigade of the regulars in the expe-
dition against Vera Cruz, whether his regiment make part of that
expedition or not; and, for the command of another brigade of reg-
ulars in the same expedition, a brevet be also given to Colonel
Totten, who has long since earned it, and has once been nominated
for the rank of brigadier general by brevet.
7. That, further to aid the filling up the ranks of the regular
regiments, the President authorize at once that enlistments be made
for five years, or the war, provided it be terminated in less than
five years. This provision would of itself (and its legality is un-
doubted) greatly aid the object in view, and on the meeting of Con-
gress, it is hoped that, as a yet more powerful stimulus, land'or
pecuniary bounties may be granted by Congress.
All which is respectfully submitted.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
November 21, 1846.
» [Confidenlial.]
^otes suggesting topics to be embraced in the Secretary's in-
structions to General Scott, drawn up (in haste) at the request of
the former.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
November 23, 1546.
Projet.
Sir: The Presiilent of the United States desires you to repair to
the lower Rio Grande, in order to take upon yourself the general
direction of the war against Mexico from this side of the continent,
and more particularly to organize and conduct an expedition (with
the co-operation of the navy) against the harbor of Vera Cruz.
12^6 . Ex. Doc. No. 60.
I am pleased to learn from you that you have, in a very few
days, already, through the general staff of the army here, laid a
sufficient basis for the purposes with which you are charged, and
that you now think it best to proceed at once to the southwest, in
order to organize the largest number of troops that can be ob-
tained in time for that most important expedition.
Of the nine new regiments of volunteers, recently called for by
the President, the eight of foot may, it is hoped, begin to arrive,
by water, off Point Isabel, say about the middle of January next
and the other regiment (Texan horse) be a little earlier on the Rio
trrande. buch are your own calculations, and every effort shall be
made by this dej)artment to push forward those volunteers, and the
army recruits that may be enlisted in the meantime, as well as the
transports, boats for embarkation and debarkation, arms, ordnance
and ordnance stores, and, in general, all other supplies which you
have designated or may call for.
From those regiments and detachments, or so many of them as
\% "I' ^" season, and from the troops now under the command
ot Major General Taylor, or under orders to join him, the new ex-
pedition will be organized by you, taking care to leave with- him
a sufficient force to defend Monterey and to keep his line of com-
munication open (say) to Camargo, and thence down the Rio
tirande to its mouth.
You have estimated that the land force necessary to take Vera
Cruz, and, through that city, the castle of San Juan d'Ulloa; with
f in nnn"^ co-operation of our blockading squadron off that coast,
at JUjUUU men, as the minimum number; but with a strong recom-
mendation in favor of 15,000, if so many can be obtained in time.
Ihe department (or President) concurs in those estimates, and it is
hoped that you may, off Point Isabel, have the larger number
organized and afloat in time to reach the point of descent by, if
practicable, the 1st of February, or, at the latest, early in March,
(adopting your own limits,) so as to allow a sufficient interval for
capturing the city and castle before the usual season for the return
ol the yellow fever on that coast.
The President, respecting your judgment, is pleased with the as-
surance you have given that, although you think 15,000 land troops
?n nnn ^"'"f^^^^^^^^ ^'''^^ ^^' the expedition in question, and that
lyj.wy ought to be considered the minimum number, if it can be
obtained in time, you are yet of opinion that the expedition ought
to go forward, even with the first 8,000 men, that may be embarked
ott Point Isabel, sooner than incur the danger of losing your men
and object by the yellow fever, in consequence of waiting too long
.or either of the larger numbers that have been mentioned. It il
then expected that you will proceed accordingly, leaving orders for
such reinforcements to follow you as you may deem necessary.
A cordial and effective co operation between the land and naval
forces, according to the well established principles and usages in
such cases, will be indispensable to success in the joint attack upon
Vera Cruz and its castle. You are expected to do your utmost to
conciliate such- cooperation, and the President will, through the
Ex. Doc. No. GO.
1277
Navy Department, give the reciprocal instruction to the commander
of our blockading squadron off that coast. It may be important to
that joint service that you should early open a communication with
the latter, and he will be duly prepared, as above, to respond to
your inquiries or requests for assistance.
Your attention need scarcely to be called to the necessity of
adopting early and frequent measures to obtain, if practicable, cor-
rect information of the enemy's positions, numbers, movements,
and designs, near any theatre of military operations, and within the
range of reinforcements and supplies. For necessary expenditures,
under this head, your accounts will be allowed.
Frequent communications, embracing everything of interest to
the service, will be expected from your head-quarters for the in-
formation of the government.
^
7/. AOM. Oe'(.iJ«7/i)
V^^:
■■■^^
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11