NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION
1901-1904.
METEOROLOGY
PART II
//£
COMPRISING DAILY SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS
IST OCTOBER, 1901, TO 31sT MARCH, 1904.
PREPARED IN THE METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE,
UNDER THE SUPERINTENDENCE OF
M. W. CAMPBELL HEPWORTH, C.B., R.D., COMMANDER R.N.R.
MARINE SUPERINTENDENT.
LONDON:
PUBLISHED BY THE ROYAL SObicii
1913.
i Z oo
METEOROLOGICAL, OFFICE,
SOUTH KENSINGTON,
LONDON, S.W.
17th February, 19 IS.
To Sir ARCHIBALD GEIKIE, K.C.B.,
President of the Royal Society.
Sir,
I have now the honour to forward the corrected proof of the " Remarks," introductory to the Daily
Synchronous Charts of the Southern Quarter of the Globe, which were prepared, under my direction, to
represent the results of the international co-operation in meteorological work for the National Antarctic
Expedition, 1901-1904.
These form the last instalment in discharge of the obligation which was undertaken for the Office by
the Meteorological Council, in response to a request of the Royal Society, dated 30th September, 1904,
and which devolved upon me in 1905. It would serve no useful purpose now to enter into detailed
explanations of the length of time that has been found necessary to complete the work. Of the members
of the directing body, under whose guidance it was originally planned, all except myself have passed
away — Sir WILLIAM WHARTON, Sir RICHARD STRACHEY, Dr. ALEXANDER BUCHAN, Sir GEORGE DARWIN—
and by a coincidence as tragic as it is deplorable, the final touches of the work, designed by international
co-operation to elucidate the problems which the discoveries of the Antarctic explorers of 1901-1904
suggest, are delayed by the melancholy news of the loss of their leader, Captain ROBERT FALCON SCOTT,
and of his four companions on their return from his second and successful attempt to reach the
South Pole.
I am, Sir,
Your obedient servant,
W. N. SHAW,
Director.
PREFACE.
THE present volume completes the publication of all the Physical results of the National Antarctic
Expedition of which the supervision was undertaken by the Eoyal Society. It comprises Part II. of the
Meteorology, of which Part I. was issued in 1008. The delay in the appearance of the volume has arisen
chiefly from the labour attending the preparation of the Charts, a task which has been carried through
under the superintendence of Commander HEPWOKTH, C.B., Marine Superintendent on the staff of the
Meteorological Office, who has supplied the Introductory Text. It will be seen that the volume presents
not only the detailed results of the daily observations of the Expedition, but combines also a large number
of contemporary observations obtained by other Antarctic explorers, by observatories in various parts of
the Southern Hemisphere, and by the Captains of vessels traversing the Antarctic seas. It thus offers a
continuous daily picture of the changing meteorological conditions in the whole Antarctic region south of
the 30th parallel of latitude.
An opportunity is afforded here to refer to certain objections made by Captain SCOTT to some of the
statements contained in Part I. of the Meteorology, which was issued in the summer of the year 1908.
Shortly before this distinguished polar explorer was about to sail on the Antarctic Expedition which he is
now conducting, in letters addressed to me, he called attention to these statements containing criticisms of
the work of his Expedition of 1901-1904. Some of these criticisms, in his opinion, showed a want of
appreciation of the practical difficulties of observation in high latitudes, while others involved errors
of statement which he wished to correct.
As regards the latter, he maintained, in the first place, that the observations of the directions of wind
taken on the land were "true" and not, as was suggested, "magnetic." lie pointed out that in a region
like that around the Magnetic Pole, where the horizontal magnetic force is very slight and magnetic
directions are constantly changing, and where, therefore, it is impracticable to travel by compass, it was
necessary that constant attention should be given to keep the course true, and that this necessity was fully
realised by himself and his staff. He therefore dissented from the suggestion (text, pp. 489, 490;
Preface, p. xii.) that the observations recorded in Lieutenant ROYDS* important traverse across the ice-
barrier in the months of November and December, 1903, were probably made by compass. That
suggestion occurs in connection with the contention that if a mean correction of 145° E., which is the
deviation at the Winter Quarters, be applied to these observations, the winds recorded as coming from the
S.W. to the extent of G8 per cent, are found to be from E. by N. and are thus brought into harmony with
those registered at the Winter Quarters. While protesting against this introduction of a magnetic
correction, Captain SCOTT pointed out that the correction will not give the desired result, for it has been
put in the wrong direction, viz., westerly instead of easterly, and that even when it is correctly applied,
the direction of the 68 per cent, of wind would be N. by E. and not E. by N., as stated in the Table
on p. 490.
Captain SCOTT maintained that, apart from all explanatory theory, the wind observations taken on the
sledge-journey in question were perfectly trustworthy, and were in harmony with those made during
other sledge-journeys of the Expedition, which combine to indicate a preponderance of southerly and
westerly winds in the region under observation, and as he conceives, lend no support to the generalisation
that the dominant direction of the surface winds is there from the east.
Another complaint of Captain SCOTT had reference to the insertion of a column (No. 3, pp. 284-363)
purporting to give the positions of the sledge-parties at noon each day of their journeys. He remarked
that it is difficult to sec how the figures in this column were obtained, and that they are constantly in
error. Citing in illustration his own sledge-journey of October to December, 1903, he pointed out thai
B 2
whereas in the printed table he is stated to have been, on October 30, 26 miles from the ship on sea-ice, he
was really 80 miles from the ship, climbing the Ferrar glacier; and, on December 16, when he is
represented as being 95 miles from the ship, it is plain from the column of " Remarks," that he had
returned to Winter Quarters and was comparing his aneroid with the ship's barometer. Captain SCOTT
intended to have adjusted these Tables before he sailed on his recent Expedition, but, in the hurry of his
departure, seems to have found it impossible to do so.
It should be understood that when the Tables of the various sledge-journeys were in course of
compilation at the Meteorological Office from the records made by the observers, great difficulty was
experienced in obtaining information as to the daily positions. Two of the journeys are actually printed
without positions, but for the other journeys the positions are printed as supplied to the Meteorological
Office by Captain SCOTT'S instruction, in reply to a request addressed to the Royal Geographical Society.
It is matter for regret, however, that after the return of the Expedition, when the staff of observers was
dispersed, closer touch with them should not have been maintained.
With regard to the statement that "the explorers brought back no certain information about the
amount of slope of the barrier-surface towards the sea " (Preface, p. xii.), Captain SCOTT contended that
the staff possessed no means of discriminating between the influence on the barometer of the varying
conditions of atmospheric pressure, on the one hand, and of differences in altitude, on the other. While
fully realising the importance of distinguishing between these two causes, he knew of no practical means
of discriminating them on sledge-journeys over the Antarctic ice-field, and he desired that proper
allowance should be made for the apparently insuperable difficulties which have to be encountered.
Nevertheless, it must be recognised that the separation of the influence of varying atmospheric pressure
from that dependent on height above sea-level, is of such fundamental importance that no polar expedition
can now be regarded as completely equipped for meteorological and physiographical research unless it is
provided with the means of conducting levelling operations, independently of barometric variations. The
accurate measurement of the slope of the inland ice is required for the determination not only of the
atmospheric pressure gradient towards the pole, but also of the flow of the ice-cap.
24th January, 191-3.
ARCH. GEIKIE,
President of the Royal Society.
Since the foregoing paragraphs were in type and ready to be printed off, tidings have come of the
appalling tragedy of the death of Captain SCOTT and his companions on their return journey from the
South Pole. It is not possible to allow this last contribution from the voyage of the " Discovery " to be
published without the addition of a few words expressive of the profound sorrow with which the loss of
these brave men has filled the hearts of all those who were associated with them in connection with
Antarctic exploration and its problems. We had learnt to appreciate the remarkable gifts of Captain
SCOTT and Dr. E. A. WILSON as explorers, and their charm as personal friends. We looked forward to
their return home, bringing with them another and still ampler harvest of results. They have lost their
lives in the cause of science, but their names are now imperishably graven on the bede-roll of the heroes
of polar discovery.
A. G.
14th February, 1913.
REMARKS ON THE CHARTS.
BY
M. W. CAMPBELL HEPWORTH, C.B., R.D., COMMANDER R.N.R.
THE COLLECTION OF THE DATA.
IN connexion with the scheme of International Antarctic Exploration, inaugurated at the beginning of
this century, which attained its fulfilment during the years 1901-04, arrangements were made by the
British Meteorological Office and the Deutsche Seewarte conjointly, prior to the departure for the Far
South of the British and German Expeditions, with a view to obtaining synchronous observations at
Noon G.M.T. of barometric pressure, air temperature, and wind frequency, during the period October,
1901, to March, 1903, for Latitudes South of the 30th parallel of South Latitude.
For this country special registers, in a form agreed upon by the British and German Antarctic
Committees, were issued to the Ships of H.M. Navy through the Office of the Hydrographer (the late
Rear-Admiral Sir W. J. L. WHARTOX, K.C.B.). A circular letter, issued by the Meteorological Council to
marine observers in correspondence with the Office and others engaged on Southern voyages, soliciting
their co-operation in this work, met with a ready response, and a large number of registers were
distributed among the Commanders of Ships visiting the Southern Ocean, and numerous contributions
resulted. Subsequently the period originally specified was extended to 31st March, 1904, in consequence
of the detention of the "Discovery" in McMurdo Sound, South Victoria Laud.
The Observatories of the Colonies in the Southern Hemisphere contributed valuable records and
observations in response to an invitation by the Royal Society.
By an arrangement between the Meteorological Office and the Deutsche Seewarte. an exchange of
observations, recorded on board ships from which contributions on the special Registers were received by
the respective Bureaux, was effected. In addition to the data thus collected by the Ollice a large number
of observations at noon G.M.T. were obtained from the "Discovery," "Morning," "Terra Nova," and
" Scotia," relating to the passages of these vessels to and from the Antarctic and while cruising in Antarctic
Seas ; also from many stations in Cape Colony, Australasia, South America, Tierra del Fuego, and Kerguelen
Island.
As regards information from stations in, and in the neighbourhood of, Antarctica, in addition to the
meteorological records kept at Winter Quarters of the " Discovery " in McMurdo Sound, observations
were obtained relating to the " Gauss " station of the German Expedition, near Kaiser Wilhelm II. Land,
Laurie Island — South Orkneys, and Snow Hill Island — Palmer Land, through the courtesy of the leaders of
the German, Scottish, and Swedish Antarctic Expeditions, Professor vox DRYOALSKI, Dr. W. S. BRUCE,
and Dr. OTTO NoRDF.NSK.nn.n, respectively.
Upon the information thus obtained arc based the Daily Synchronous Charts of Sea-Level Pressure for
Noon G.M.T., with winds and air temperature, as well as the Charts of mean monthly pressure and air
temperature, and the Tables of average wind and gale frequency.
The list of contributors is as follows : —
SHIPS of the Royal Navy (H.M.S.), Exploring Vessels (E.S.), Steamships (S.S.), and Sailing Vessels (S.) of
the Mercantile Marine, from which Observations were Received.
Adolf S.
Abcrdeeu S.S.
Adolphc S.
Afrio . . S.S.
Alauda S.
Alcinous S.
Alexandra S.
Alliance . . S.
Almvick Castle .... S.S.
Alsterdamm S.
Altair S.
Aiuphion II.M.S,
Anaconda S.
Antoinette S.
Aotea S.S.
Arcadia S.S.
Archer H.M.S.
Armadale Castle .... S.S.
Artemis S.
Arthur Fitger S.
Assaye S.S.
Asuncion de Larrinaga . . S.S.
Aster S.
Atlautique S.
Austral S.S.
Australasian S.S.
Australia S.S.
Austrian S.S.
Barracouta H.M.S.
Barrosa H.M.S.
Basilisk H.M.S.
Biessard S.
Blanche H.M.S.
Bremen S.
Britannica S.S.
Britannic S.S.
Caithness S.S.
Cambrian H.M.S.
Campinas S.
Cap Horn S.
Carisbrook Castle . . . S.S.
Carl S.
Chemnitz S.
Chile S.
China S.S.
Christel S.
Chubut S.
Clan Ferguson .... S.S.
Clan Grant S.S.
Clan Mackinuon .... S.S.
Clan Maclachlan .... S.S.
Clan Ronald S.S.
Clan Urquhart .... S.S.
County of Kinross . . . S.
Courtfield S.S.
Craigisla S.S.
Damascus S.S.
Danube S.S.
Dart H.M.S.
D. H. Watjen S.
Discovery E.S.
Dominion S.S.
Don S.
Dorade S.
Duisburg S.
Dunkerque S.
Dwarf H.M.S.
Earl Derby S.
Ecuador S.
Egyptian Prince .... S.S.
Elstree Grange .... S.S.
Emilie Siegfried . . . . S.
Ems S.
Erne S.
European S.S.
Falls of Halladale . . . S.
Forte H.M.S.
Gauss S.S.
General de Souis . . . . S.
General Foy S.
Gibraltar H.MS.
Goorkha S.S.
Gothic S.S.
Greta Holme S.S.
Harlech Castle .... S.S.
Harold S.
Heliades S.S.
Hera S.
Heraclides S.S.
Hermione S.
Herzogiu Cecilie S.
Hibernian S.S.
Hilarius S.S.
Himalaya S.S.
Icarus H.M.S.
India S.S.
Indralema S.S.
Jacqueline S.
Jason S.S.
Jules Gommes S.
Kaikoura S.S.
Kaipara S.S.
Kalliope S.
Kavamea S.S.
Karu'ak S.
Karrakatta H.M.S.
Kilbride S.S.
Kinfauus Castle .... S.S.
Knight of St. George . . S.S.
Kimigin Luise S.
Kumara S.S.
Ladye Doris S.
L'Amiral Jaureguiberry . S.
Largo Law S.
Lisbeth S.
Lismore Castle .... S.S.
Lizard H.M.S.
Loch Katrine S.
Loch Tay S.
Loch Torridon . . . . S.
Lutterworth S.
Lynton S.
Macquarie S.
Madeleine S.
Magdalena S.S.
Magpie H.M.S.
Mamari S.S.
Maori S.S.
Marthe S.
Matatua . , S.S.
Medic S.S.
Menelaus S.S.
Metis S.
Mildura H.M.S.
Mombassa S.S.
Monarch H.M.S.
Montrose S.S.
Moravian S.S.
Morning E.S.
Mount Stewart . . . . S.
Naiad S.S.
Nauarchos S.
Nereide S.
Netherby S.
Niagara S.
Nineveh S.S.
Niobe S.
Norman S.S.
Nymphe H.M.S.
Odin H.M.S.
Omega ........ S.
Ouirah S.S.
Ophir S.S.
Orient S.S.
Ormuz S.S.
Oro S.S.
Orontes S.S.
Otarama S.S.
Pakeha S.S.
Palmyra S.
Papanni S.S.
Paparoa S.S.
Paposo S.
Partridge H.M.S.
Pearl H.M.S.
Penguin H.MS.
Pera S.
Perseverance S.
Persic S.S.
Persimir.on S.
Pera S.
Pfalz S.
Phaeton H.M.S.
Philomel H.M.S.
Phoebe H.M.S.
Pitlochry S.
Posen S.
Potomac S.S.
President Felix Faure . . S.
Pylades H.M.S.
Rakaia S.S.
Eamsay S.S.
Rangatira S.S.
Rattler H.M.S.
Reinbek S.
Rene S.
Reynolds S.S.
Rhine S.
Rhone , . S.
1 1 i 1 1 ml <iK 'i S *5 ^iiiiCT/* . S.S-
l^inffuroouiix II ^1 ^
Versailles 8.
T?.riHf»nV»r»lf *•»
Vi.M,>ria 3.8
Vidrtte S.
Thckla ....>.
Ville dc Dijon S.
Royal -Vrtluir IF M ^
TM-tle . H.M s.
NVaikato S.S.
Tiiuea S
"RnmV ^ ^
Tinto Hill . . . S.
\Vai«vr.i - ~
tiolornis ^ ^
Wakanui S.S.
^/•liifFKi'L- *<
Wallaroo 11. M.S.
Scotin K •'*'
Torch .... II. M.S.
W:illilT L':i-(l.' .... S.S.
Turakina S S
1 nii^ton Grange .... S.S.
Wai'^.ite II. M.S.
Sortlioclcs
Vnlnnt.ini- S.
Wliakatanc S.S.
South America .... S.S. Valparaiso S.
OBSERVATIONS were Received from Observatories and Meteorological Stations at the
following places : —
Port Nolloth.
Port Pirie.
Bay o£ Islands.
Hondeklip Bay.
Adelaide.
Waitara.
Ookiep.
Port Victor.
Cape Campbell.
Saldanlm Bay.
Portland.
The Brothers.
St. Helena Bay.
Port Fairy.
Auckland.
Lambert's Bay.
Melbourne.
Wellington.
Cape Town.
Port Dayey.
\\ Bnganni.
Simon's Buy.
Launceston.
Tauranga.
Clamvilliam.
Hobart.
Napier.
Cape Agulhas.
Jervis Bay.
Grisborne.
Amaliensteiu.
Sydney.
Ju-in Fernandez.
Mossel Bay.
Newcastle.
Evangelists.
Wagenaar's Kraal.
Port Stephen.
An cad.
l'»]ii- St. Francis.
Victoria Laud ("Discovery" Winter
Talcahuano.
Algoa Bay.
Quarters).
Vaklivia.
Gralmmstown.
The Bluff.
Concepcion.
Stutterheim.
Invercargill.
Valparabo.
East London.
Nugget Poiut.
Coquimbo.
Umtata.
Cape Adare.
Puuta Arenas.
Durban.
Dunedin.
Cape Virgins (Dungencsa).
Crozet Island.
Port Chalmers.
Port Madryn.
Kerguelen Island.
Timaru.
Bahia Blanca.
Kaiser Wilhelm Land ("Gauss"
Westport.
Rosario.
Winter Quarters).
Cliristchnrcli.
Buenos Aires.
Port Augusta.
Lyttclton.
Hn-fn:i la.
Cape Leeuwin.
Cape Maria van Diemen.
Cape Pembroke.
Bunbury.
Farewell Spit.
Snow Hill.
Fremantle.
Akaroa.
Monte Video.
Perth.
Nelson.
Maldouado.
Albany.
Cape Egmont.
Laurie Island.
Brcaksea Island.
Xrw 1'lymouth.
Coat's Land.
Port Lincoln.
Picton.
The total number of observations charted amounts to 44,893, of which 29,354 arc marine and 15,539
laud observations. The total number charted for 1902 is 11,063, and for 1903, 10,851 ; of these 7,600, in
1902, and 5,703, in 1903, refer to land stations. The largest number of marine observations charted for
any one month is 1,425 relating to January, 1903; the largest number of observations from land stations
is 744 relating to May, 1902. The smallest number of marine observations for any one month is 697 for
September, 1903; the smallest for land stations, 310 for October, 1901. The largest number for a single
day is 52 marine for 22nd January, 1903, and 25 land for 27th May, 1902 ; but for all other days in that
8
month 24 land observations have been charted. The smallest number of observations for a single day is 19
marine for 9th October, 1903, 10 land throughout October, 1901, and 10 to 11 throughout March, 1904.
In the Eegisters issued by the Meteorological Office, observers were requested to give a few readings of
their barometer in ports visited in order that the error of the instrument might be estimated. Facilities
were given for recording these readings in the Register by the introduction of a special form.
Some of the observations received from British ships were recorded by trained observers with properly
verified instruments provided by the Office ; the errors of these instruments were known ; but the majority
of instrumental observations were derived from barometers and thermometers supplied by the owners of
the vessels in which the observers were serving. The errors of these instruments were ascertained, when
possible, by comparison with standards at various ports, and the corrections registered, verified or
otherwise, by the comparison of readings noted in the special form of the Register with the corresponding
values published in the Daily Weather Reports of the country in which the observations were taken.
Entries in the Registers of doubtful acciiracy have been discarded, and it must be admitted that a small
percentage of the wind observations charted are not in good agreement with the distribution of barometric
pressure to which they are related, particularly as regards direction. The discrepancies may, in most
cases, be attributed to the failure of the observer to realise, or to make sufficient allowance for, the effects
of aberration caused by the vessel's own motion.
THE DAILY AND MONTHLY CHARTS.
The result of the work is represented by daily charts for Noon Greenwich Mean Time with charts for
monthly pressure and air temperature.
In some respects the Daily Synchronous Charts are unique. The conditions which they are intended to
represent at a given time each day, for a period of thirty months, refer to an area that is far larger than
that embraced by any similar set of charts hitherto published. They include localities in the Antarctic,
and furnish daily a link between the conditions existing simultaneously in frigid zones and in sub-tropical
latitudes, represented on the one hand by three widely separated localities in Antarctica, and on the other
by the southern segments of the tropical anticyclones of the Southern Hemisphere. They establish, as a
fact, the permanence of these high-pressure areas of the great oceans, and show the gradual seasonal
migrations of the South Atlantic, South Pacific, and Indian Ocean anticyclones by the slow oscillations
of their southern edges.
Notwithstanding the large number of observations collated, the localities for which data are available
for each daily chart are comparatively few, and frequently isolated, owing to the vastness of the area
to which collectively they are related. Despite the sparseness of the observations charted, and the
obvious incompleteness in sequence of the conditions which the charts are designed to represent, the
information they afford is considerable, for not only are the positions of many high- and low-pressure
systems over various parts of the regions under notice indicated, but these " Highs " and " Lows " can,
for the most part, be identified day after day, the means being thus afforded for tracing the directions in
which their centres moved during more or less prolonged periods.
The limits of areas over which cyclonic depressions exercised an influence can, moreover, in a few
instances be defined and occasionally the places of their origin or extinction roughly determined.
As regards the charts of monthly pressure and air temperature at sea-level for each of the thirty months
under notice, although the number of observations upon which they are based is comparatively small, even
for those months in which the more ample data are available, it may nevertheless be claimed that they
exhibit broadly the more salient features in the distribution of the respective elements they represent
during the periods to which they refer. In addition, the charts of mean monthly pressure and air
temperature side by side with those of normal pressure and air temperature supply the means for
comparing the distribution of these elements, in the several months, with the average distribution.
The tables of monthly average wind and gale frequency introduced assist in the interpretation of the
mean monthly chart.
DISCUSSION OF CERTAIN CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM THE STUDY OF THE
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WIND AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
THE PATHS OF THE CYCLONIC DEPRESSIONS OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN.
Hitherto adequate information has been wanting for the purpose of defining the average paths of
cyclonic depressions which visit the Southern Ocean and Southern Continents during the several seasons
of the year, and this information these circumpolar charts to some extent supply.
An attempt was made by the present writer in the year 1890 to determine, by the aid of observations
extracted from a large number of logs relating to voyages between the Cape of Good Hope and Australasia
during the three years lssT-9, the mean paths of the centres of cyclonic systems moving eastward South
of the 38th parallel of latitude,* and subsequently to trace the centres of high- and low-pressure system-
in transit eastward over Australasia, t by reference principally to synoptic charts prepared at the Sydney
Observatory under the direction of the late Mr. H. C. KUSSELL, then Government Astronomer for New
South Wales.
From the information obtained by means of the data contained in the logs referred to it was inferred
that East of the 30th meridian of East longitude the centres of atmospheric disturbances appeared to
travel to the eastward usually on paths lying South of the 43rd parallel of latitude during winter months
and South of the 46th parallel during summer months. The evidence anWded by the daily synoptic
charts of Australasia also appeared to favour this assumption, which is now confirmed by the testimony of
the daily charts under notice.
In a memoir by the writer upon the Climatology of South Victoria Land and the Neighbouring Seas,:f
which is included in the published results of meteorological observations of the "Discovery" Expedition,
during the years 1901 to 1904, attention is directed to the exceptionally favourable position, regarded as
a meteorological station in the Southern Ocean, in which the Winter Quarters of the Exploring Ship
"Gauss," of the German Antarctic Expedition, was situated. The value of the data obtained at this
station, on the fringe of Antarctica, is, moreover, considerably enhanced by observations recorded at the
German station on Kergtielen Island, because together they throw light upon points in connexion with
the surface distribution of pressure and wind in cyclonic systems of the Southern Ocean, in regard to
which little has hitherto been known.
The following remarks in this connexion, which appear in the memoir referred to, are based upon the
data incorporated in the daily charts; it is, therefore, considered admissible to repeat them in these
pages.
Lying to the South of the westerly winds of the Southern Ocean, and at the limits of the southern
segment of those low-pressure areas which move from West to East with the westerly air current of the
Southern Hemisphere, the AVinter Quarters of the German Antarctic Expedition were exceptionally well
situated as an observing station from a meteorological point of view.
It has been thought by meteorologists, who have attacked the problem, that, associated with the
depressions which traverse the Southern Oceans, depressions which are usually elliptical in shape and have
their major axes extended in a northerly and southerly direction, the easterly winds in the southern
segment of the system are almost always light or moderate in force. Ships running down the easting in
» "Wind Systems and Trade Routes between the Cape of Good Hope and Australia," 'Quarterly Journal, K' vii
Meteorological Society,' Vol. XVII. (1891), pp. 21-27.
f "The Tracks of Ocean Wind Systems in Transit across Australasia," 'Quarterly Journal, K.I.MI! M r I, ,,,•,, lc,{;i,-ul S.n icH ,'
Vol. XIX. (18SI3), pp. 34-38.
J " Climatology of Victoria Land and the Neighbouring Seas," 'National Antarctic Expedition, Meteorology,' Part I.
C
10
high southern latitudes seldom experience strong winds or gales from Eastward, even when there appears
to be evidence to show that they are situated well to the south of the central " low " of a cyclonic wind
system. It has, therefore, been assumed that in these systems the gradient polewards is normally slight,
and that on its southern side the low pressure dominates but a small area.
The results of observations obtained by the German Expedition at Kerguelen Island and at Kaiser
Wilhelm II. Land go far to prove that depressions which traverse the Southern Ocean cover a much larger
area on their southern side than was hitherto supposed, and that although Easterly gales are seldom met
with on the trade routes referred to, nevertheless they occur, considerably further south, it is true, but
still within the limits of the system and forming part of their circulation.
The rise of temperature which was associated with gales from Eastward at the " Gauss " Winter Station
and which, as a rule, continued until the wind began to moderate, may be attributed to the circulation of
warm air drawn from lower and warmer latitudes about a minimum pressure far north of the station.
Frequently the daily observations at noon G.M.T. of barometer and wind recorded by the German
Antarctic Expedition at Kerguelen Island and at the " Gauss " Winter Quarters respectively — the former
supplemented and confirmed by similar observations made on board ships situated in the neighbourhood
of the island — indicate a connexion between the strong winds and gales from Northward and Westward
associated with diminishing pressure at Kerguelen and the strong winds and gales from eastward experienced
at the " Gauss " station. The distance between the meridians of these two stations respectively, on a
middle latitude of 57° 43' S., is about 630 miles. As instances in which the common origin of these
increases in wind force, experienced at the two stations, is shown, the following cases are cited. Doubtless
the fuller data in the possession of the German meteorologists bring into greater prominence the connexion
referred to. It should be understood that noon G.M.T. observations only are cited.
18th to ZOtli Felmanj, 19* t.'.
At Kerguelen Island on the 18th February, 1902, at noon G.M.T., the barometer stood at 29 '75 inches,
the thermometer at 45° F. ; the wind was from West, force 5. Next day the mercury had fallen to
29 '43 inches, the temperature had risen 1°; and the wind, still from West, had increased to a fresh
gale, indicating a gradient to the South.. On the 20th the barometer had risen to 29 '80 inches, the
thermometer showed a drop in the temperature to 42° F., and the wind had backed to West-south-west.
The depression was passing away to the eastward.
By this time, at noon G.M.T., on the 20th, on board the "Gauss," in latitude 65° 55' S., longitude
90° 20' E., the barometer indicated a pressure of 29 ' 55 inches, which was diminishing, the thermometer
marked 28° F., and a fresh breeze was blowing from East. The mercury had fallen to 29 "28 inches on
the 21st in latitude 66° 17' S., longitude 90° 43' E. ; temperature had risen to 31° F., and the direction
and force of the wind were the same as on the previous day. On the 22nd, the " Gauss " being then in
her Winter Quarters, the mercury had fallen but slightly, to 29 '25 inches; the temperature had dropped
to 25° F., and a strong gale was blowing from East-by-south. The gale had not abated at noon G.M.T.
on the day following, when the direction of the wind had changed to East. The barometer then stood at
29-23 inches, the thermometer at 24° F. The mercury had fallen to 29' 14 inches on the 24th;
temperature had risen to 29° F., but the gale was abating.
23rd to 2Sth April, 1902.
On the 23rd April of the same year, at noon G.M.T., pressure at Kerguelen Island had fallen 0-71 inch
and temperature had risen 8° F. during the preceding 24 hours. The barometer then read 29 • 20 inches
and the thermometer 48° F. ; the breeze blew freshly from West-north-west. At the same G.M.T. a
barometer reading of 29 '58 inches was recorded at the " Gauss" station; the temperature was 9° F., and
the wind gentle from East-south-east. On the 24th the mercury had risen to 29 "33 inches at Kerguelen
Island, the temperature had dropped to 34° F., and the wind had backed to South-west-by-west and
moderated. The disturbance, with which the diminution of 'pressure at the island had been associated,
was then passing away to the eastward. At the " Gauss " station the mercury had by this time fallen to
11
29 '35 inches, the thermometer had risen to 17° F., and a strong gale from Kast-by-noi th had set in. The
mercury continued to fall, on the 25th it had fallen to 29' 11 inches, and the thermometer marked 16° F. ;
the direction of the wind had not changed, but the force had increased to 10.
Ths barometer was down to 28 '49 inches on the 26th ; the thermometer had risen to 17° F., and the
wind still blew with the force of a whole gale from East-by-north. On the day following the mercury had
risen to 28 '72 inches and was still rising; temperature had dropped to 16' F., and the gale continued,
unabated, from the same point. The wind moderated on the 28th, when the mercury had risen to
29-23 inches.
2nd to 6ili Mnii, 10":.
Between the 2nd and 6th May, 1902, pressure at Kerguelen Island diminished from 29 '92 inches to
28 -84 inches, and fresh winds were experienced from North-westward, backing to Westward. The
temperature between the 4th and 5th had risen from 34° F. to 42° F. From the 4th to the 7th of the
month, inclusive, the "Gauss" station was visited by a strong to whole gale from East-by-north, pressure
having diminished from 29-24 inches, on the 3rd, to 28 '52 inches on the 6th, and temperature risen
during that period from - 4° F. to 21° F.
}.'-th toHjth Mail, /.'"/.'.
Again, between the 15th and 17th of the same month, pressure at Kerguelen Island declined from
29 • 33 inches to 28 • 90 inches, and temperature rose from 30° F. to 42° F. Strong winds from between
West-north-west and West-south-west were recorded at this time and also on the 18th at the island, and
strong winds and gales on board ships in the neighbourhood of the island.
At the German station in the Antarctic the barometer showed a fall from 29 '23 inches to 29 '09 inches
between the 17th and 18th, the thermometer a rise from 9° F. to 13° F., and the wind, from East-by-north,
increased in force to a fresh gale. On the 19th the barometer had risen to 29 '24 inches, and the wind
increased from the same point to a whole gale. Next day the mercury had risen to 29 '43 inches,
temperature had dropped to 8° F., and the gale was over.
4th tn 1th June, 1902.
\ rapid diminution of pressure, rise of temperature, and increase of wind to gale force, which occurred
from the 4th to the 6th June at the Antarctic station, was evidently associated with a diminution of
pressure and increase of wind to gale force previously recorded (between the 3rd and 5th of the month)
at Kerguelen Island and on board the S.S. " Waimate," in a position, on the 4th, rather more than 100
miles south of the island.
Subsequently, between the 6th and 7th of June, the " Waimate," passing the meridian of the " Gauss "
station in latitude 50£" S., experienced a fresh to strong gale from West-south-west, veering to North-
west, while pressure increased at the Antarctic station, and the wind moderated from a whole gale to a
strong breeze.
.it'n in .s1/// Jiii /t, r:>02.
On the 5th July a rapid fall of the mercury recorded at Kerguelen Island and on board ships
approaching the neighbourhood of the island resulted in an increase of wind on the 6th, which had backed
from North-west to West, and blew a fresh gale from the latter direction. During these two days the
mercury at the "Gauss" station fell 0'58 inch, and the thermometer rose 11", and on the 7th an
increasing wind attained the force of a fresh gale. The barometer then commenced to rise ; the tempe-
rature had risen 5; since the preceding day, and marked 21* F. Next day the gale was over.
11th to /Xtli ,lnl ti, 1908.
From the 12th to the 13th of the same month barometric pressure at Kerguelen Island declined from
29'82 inches to 28 '84 inches, the wind at the same time backing from North-west to West, and freshening.
Between the llth and 12th the thermometer had risen I .
C 2
12
On the 13th a light South-west breeze obtained at the Antarctic station, pressure increasing, the
temperature - 11 ° F. On the 14th the barometer there read as high as 29 '58 inches; the temperature
had risen to - 4° F., but the wind had backed to East-by-south, and was entered in the record as a fresh
breeze. On the loth the mercury had fallen half an inch, the thermometer risen 19°, and the wind was
blowing with storm force from East-by-north. With a slight recovery of pressure on the 16th, it
moderated to a fresh gale, but subsequently increased to a strong gale, still from the same point, and this
continued, pressure the while declining, until the 18th, when the barometer had fallen to 28'61 inches, and
the thermometer marked 17° F. Pressure recovered next day and the wind moderated, but the temperature
had risen to 20° F. ; it fell, however, on the 20th to 1° F.
30th July to 8th August, !(><>, !.
A rapid fall in the barometer from 30-37 inches to 29 -G2 inches occurred at Kerguelen Island between
the 30th and 31st July, occasioning an increase of wind, and associated with a slight rise of temperature.
On these days the mercury fell 0-4 inch at the " Gauss" station, and the direction of the wind changed
from West-north-west on the 30th to East-by-south on the 31st, increasing in force at the same time. On
the 1st August the mercury had fallen as low as 27 '82 inches, and a whole gale was blowing from East-
by-north. The temperature had risen 10° since noon G.M.T. of the preceding clay.
A diminution of pressure and decrease in wind force recorded at Kerguelen Island and on board ships
in the neighbourhood of the island, on the 6th and 7th August, appear to have been associated with a
diminution of pressure, rise of temperature, and increase of wind from East-by-north to gale force, recorded
on board the " Gauss " on the 7th and 8th of the month.
15th to 17th August, 1902.
Reduction of pressure at the island, again, on the 15th to the 17th of the same month, was followed at
the "Gauss" station by a rise of temperature between the 16th and 17th of 25°, and a fall in the
barometer of 0'74 inch between the 17th and 18th, together with an increase of wind from East-by-north
on the 18th to storm force.
llth and 12th, 20th and 21st October, 1902.
Diminishing pressure, accompanied by increase of wind, recorded at Kerguelen Island and by ships in
the neighbourhood of the island on the llth and 12th October, and again on the 20th and 21st of that
month, was followed at the German Antarctic station by decline of pressure, rise of temperature, and
increase of wind to whole gale force.
llth to 14th December, 1902.
On the 1 1th December a fall in the barometer of more than half an inch had been recorded at Kerguelen
Island for the previous 24 hours, and the ship " Niagara," some 250 miles north-eastward of the island,
was experiencing a strong gale from North-north-west. On the following day the centre of disturbance,
progressing eastward, had passed the meridian of the station at Kerguelen, and the S.S. " Salami's," in the
immediate neighbourhood of the island, had a strong wind from South-by-west. At the German station
in the Antarctic pressure was then giving way, but the wind, from East-north-east, was light. About
] 300 miles due north of the " Gauss " the " Loch Torridon " recorded a strong wind from North-by-west
and a barometer reading of 29 '56 inches, which was 0'28 inch higher than the reading recorded at the
same time on board the " Gauss."
The "Niagara," then in about 45° S. latitude, 81-^° E. longitude, still had the wind from Northward,
and was therefore in front of the trough of the depression. On the 13th the "Loch Torridon" and the
" Niagara " carried a Westerly wind, and the latter, in about 45° S. latitude, 86i° E. longitude, was
running before a fresh gale, with the central low to the southward of her.
13
The Antarctic station, where pressure had continued to give way, was now under the full influence of
the disturbance, and a fresh Easterly gale was blowing there, but the wind moderated next day. I hiring
this gale temperature appears to have changed very little.
6th toStli l-'iln-ii-n-ii, I'.iOS.
A diminution of pressure recorded at Kerguelen Island and on board ships in the neighbourhood of the
island between the 6th and 8th February, 1903, which was accompanied by an increase of wind, was
followed on the 9th by a diminution of pressure and a strong gale from East, in 65° 53' S., 89° 21' E., the
position in which the " Gauss " was situated.
Other instances furnished by synchronous G.M.T. observations could be cited to show how the gales
experienced at Kaiser Wilhelm II. Land, during the sojourn there of the German Exploring Expedition,
frequently owed their origin to systems of low pressure travelling eastward, which had previously affected
the weather conditions of Kerguelen and ships in the neighbourhood of the island, giving rise to strong
winds and gales in those localities.
Studied in connexion with the more ample information in reference to the meteorology of the Antarctic
during the same period, which is given in Part I. of this work, considerable light is thrown by these
Charts upon problems relating to pressure distribution and wind circulation in, and in the neighbourhood
of, those localities in which the Winter Quarters of the British, German, Si.-uttish, and Swedish Expeditions
were situated. They afford additional examples which may be explained by the supposition that the
strong winds and gales from polar directions experienced by the "Discovery" Expedition in South
Victoria Land were accompanied by a decided rise of temperature, because they had their origin in lower
latitudes over the ocean.
The train of low-pressure areas during their passage eastward in this part of the Southern Ocean
frequently follows a more southerly path after passing Cape Adair, the centres of the depressions striking
south-eastward and the areas of disturbance spreading over the Koss Sea.
With a cyclonic depression dominating air circulation over, and in the vicinity of, the Koss Sea, winds
are Northerly to North-easterly in the eastern segment of the system, seaward ; Easterly to South-easterly
in the southern segment, over and immediately to the south of the ice barrier; and Southerly to South-
westerly in the western segment, following the trend of the mountain ranges. It is contended, therefore,
that the relative warmth of the winds having a southerly component in South Victoria Land may
reasonably be attributed to the place of origin in lower latitudes over the ocean, though the cold of
higher polar regions makes itself felt in the south-westerly segment of the cyclonic depression of that
region.
The J'f'eddell Sea Region.
McMurdo Sound is situated nearly 400 miles south of North Cape, and west of the easternmost spur of
the Admiralty Range. It is, in consequence, sheltered to some extent from northerly winds by this range,
and by the east coast ranges, including Prince Albert Mountains, which alford shelter from north-westerly
winds also.
Snow Hill, sheltered for the most part from between North-north-east and West by the heights of
Joinville Island, which include Mount Percy, by those of Louis Philippe Land, and of Palmer Land,
from which rises Mount Haddington, is somewhat similarly situated as regards exposure to winds, so
that strong winds and gales from an equatorial quarter are rarely experienced there, while Southerly and
South-westerly winds prevail, and frequently attain to gale force.
Because the depressions which exercise the most influence upon the weather conditions of the South
Orkneys are those which move to the south-eastward after passing the 60th meridian, the average air
circulation in, and in the neighbourhood of, the Weddell Sea, accruing from a procession of these cyclones,
approximates to that which would obtain were an area of low pressure situated over that sea, occasioning
Northerly and North-westerly winds over the eastern side of the sea, Easterly on the southern side ;
Southerly and South-westerly on the western, and Westerly on the northern side.
14
The prevailing winds at Laurie Island, South Orkneys, the station of the Scottish Antarctic Expedition,
during the year 1903 were North-westerly, but Northerly and Westerly winds were rather frequent. At
Snow Hill, the Swedish station, the average direction of the wind, from March, 1902, to October, 1903,
inclusive, was about South-south-west, the prevailing winds being from South or South-west. When
gales occurred they blew almost exclusively from Southward and South-westward. On board the " Scotia,"
near the ice barrier bordering the land discovered by the Scottish Expedition in latitude 74° 1' S., longitude
22° W., and named by the leader, Mr. BRUCE, " Coats Land," the prevailing direction of the wind from
the 7th to the 12th of March, 1904, the period of the " Scotia's" stay there, was Easterly; and from the
7th to the 10th the wind Hew with gale force.
It seems probable that between sea and ice barrier in the southern extremity of the Weddell Sea, under
normal conditions, there exists a slight pressure gradient for Easterly winds, and that the gales from
Eastward which occur there are the result of a steepening of this gradient associated with depressions
centred to the north of the barrier, and moving eastward or south-eastward.
The Region of Kaigi-r inilirhii II. Land.
At the Winter Quarters of the German Expedition, in latitude 66° 2' S., longitude 89° 48' W., where
the "Gauss" lay frozen in during the period March, 1902, to February, 1903, nearly 53 per cent, of all
wind observations were of winds from East-by-north, East, and East-by-south ; 73 per cent, being from
directions in the eastern half of the horizon; 16 per cent, from directions in the western half; and 11 per
cent, being noted as calms.* The Easterly winds were stronger than those from any other direction ; out
of 793 hours of strong winds, recorded in the course of twelve months, no less than 90 per cent, were
from East-by-north, East, or East-by-south.
From the 28th April to the 10th May, and again from the 28th September to the 9th October, periods
of 13 and 15 days respectively, meteorological observations were obtained at the foot of the Gaussberg, a
mountain situated in latitude 66° 48' S., longitude 89° 30' E., on the verge of the inland ice barrier,
53 miles south from the " Gauss." By comparing the observations of barometric pressure taken at this
station with those obtained on board the " Gauss," it was found that pressure was slightly higher at the
foot of the mountain than it was on board the ship. During the earlier period the difference amounted to
1-7 mm. (0-067 inch), and during the latter to 0'8 mm. (O'OSl inch).
This slight increase of pressure landward was thought to be confirmatory of an inference that had been
drawn from the direction of the prevailing wind that pressure increased with latitude southward.
Whether this be the case or not, the frequency of winds from Eastward is doubtless due to the existence
of a pressure gradient between land and sea, and to the general east and west trend of the coast line.
The steepness of this pressure gradient is increased, and Easterly gales occasioned, by the incursion of
eastward moving low-pressure wind systems. The Easterly gales experienced by the German Expedition
at the " Gauss " station were always attended with a steady rise of air temperature, the thermometer
continuing to rise until the wind had attained its maximum force. This increase of temperature associated
with gales from Eastward may be regarded as a proof that the winds have their origin in lower, warmer,
and possibly in tropical latitudes over the ocean, and that they form part of the circulation of eastward
moving cyclonic systems, flowing in front of their centres ; for during gales from Westward at this station
there was always a fall of temperature. The remaining part of the air from the Northward, which, by
circulating in rear of these central " lows," had parted with its heat during its passage over the Antarctic,
is reinforced by air from polar regions, and occasions a fall of temperature.
The Westerly winds that are shown by the charts to occur occasionally at Kaiser Wilhelm II. Land
immediately after a cyclonic depression has passed eastward to the north of the " Gauss " station, may
belong to the wind system of a secondary depression, and the fall of temperature with which it is attended
may be due to the introduction of air of polar origin into the circulation of this secondary.
It will be seen from the foregoing that, as a result of the wind circulation set up during the passage
"Wind Conditions at the ' Q-auss' Winter Quarters," by Dr. WILH. MEINARDFS, Berlin, 'The Proceedings of the
Fifteenth German Assembly o£ Geographers at Danzig in 1905.'
15
eastward of successive low-pressure -ystems over the Southern Ocean, relatively warm «iir is constantly
being drawn from lower latitudes in front of central ureas of depression, which, after parting with heat in
the frigid zone and being still further chilled by the mixing of air of polar origin, leave the Antarctic as a
cold wind.
This exposition of surface wind circulation in high latitudes, which is based on a close examination of
the results of observations represented on the daily charts, was offered by the writer in the memoir on the
Climatology of South Victoria Land in Part I. of this work. The proposition has since been elaborated
and extended to equatorial regions by Dr. W. J. LOCKYER,* who suggests that the warm air currents
circulating in front of the baric minima of eastward moving depressions are of equatorial origin, and that
after they have traversed the southern and western segments of their circuit they rejoin the westerly air
current, and so return by the trade wind circulation to the equator on the eastern side of anticyclones.
This, as the writer understands it, is in effect the suggestion put forward, and it is a proposition with
which, in the main, he is in accord.
ANTICYCLONES OF TUE Srr.-TKoricAi. I!E[.T.
In regard to this subject Dr. LOCKYER, in the work already quoted, favours the views held by the lain
Mr. H. C. BussELL, F.R.S., C.M.G., in regard to these ocean anticyclones and the high-pressure belt. He
believes that in latitudes north of the zone of travelling depressions in the Southern Ocean a train of
anticyclones moves eastward, following one another in quick succession, and that in charting the mean
results of barometer readings recorded in those latitudes the effect is p-oduced on charts relating to average
pressure of permanent areas of maximum barometer within a permanent belt where barometer readings are
relatively high. Dr. LOCKYER thinks that anticyclones make the circuit of the globe, forming, dispersing,
and reforming during their passage, and that it is in this manner that the temperate zone is bridged, and
the union between tropical and polar air circulation established. He supposes, moreover, that between
each of the anticyclones the northern segments of extensive cyclonic depressions, travelling eastward,
obtrude, while the anticyclones move with them.
Mr. RUSSELL assumed the rate of translation of these hypothetical systems of high pressure over the
Southern Ocean to be about 460 miles per day ; were his theory correct, however, a vessel of average
speed running eastward between the 30th and 40th or even the 45th parallels of latitude would be over-
taken by a succession of anticyclones. On the approach of each the wind would commence to freshen
from some point between South and West with a rising barometer, subsequently veering to Northward
with a falling barometer and moderating; and a vessel making the passage homeward from Australia rid
the Cape of Good Hope in about the 30th parallel would meet these high-piv>sure svstems, moving in the
opposite direction, and experience a similar sequence of changes repeated in rapid succession.
Now it is well known that the reverse obtains; winds experienced by vessels running eastward
commence to freshen from a northerly or north-westerly direction with a falling barometer; back to the
south westward or southward with a rising barometer and moderate.
To the navigator making the passage between the meridian of Cape Point and that of Cape Leeuwin or
of Stewart Island the overtaking depressions arc of so marked a character, and the influence they exert
upon the progress of his vessel so considerable, that there can be in his mind at least no doubt as to their
dominance over the weather.
The evidence afforded by the synchronous daily charts under notice, as well as by charts of average
barometrical pressure, is, moreover, in direct contradiction to Mr. RUSSELL'S theory, while, on the other
hand, it can lie proved conclusively by reference to Mirh charts that the anticyclones of the great ocean-:
are permanent systems of high pressure.
It must be admitted, nevertheless, that the appearance over the extreme west of Australia, on the
daily weather charts that are drafted, of these antir\-r],ines, month after month, and their regular progress
across the island continent conveys the impression that they are visitors from the Indian Ocean and might
have formed, as Mr. Ki SSI.I.L supposed, thousands of miles to the westward.
* 'Southern Hemisphere Surfaee Air Circulation,' by WILLIAM J. S. LOCKVKII, M. \. ((.'nntab.), Ph.D. (Guttingcn).
F.R.A.S., Chief Assistant, Solar Physics Observatory.
16
The interchange of air between equatorial and polar regions may be effected through the intermediary
of anticyclonic circulations, albeit these high-pressure systems are permanent ; and, in the opinion of the
writer, the temperate zones are bridged in this manner. The heat thus transmitted from low to high
latitudes, while mitigating in some measure the severity of the climate of northern Antarctica, may also
contribute towards the disruption of ice from outlying ice barriers. Similarly the introduction of cool air
from high to low latitudes doubtless exercises an ameliorating effect upon tropical regions through the
agency of the trade winds.
THE KATE OF TRAVEL OF CYCLONIC DEPRESSIONS.
To revert to the cyclonic depressions experienced in far southern seas ; it has been ascertained* that in
the Southern Ocean, between the meridians of 10° and 140° E., the strongest gales experienced near the
centre of a cyclonic depression blow in its front, from between North-east and Xorth-west, and that the
wind moderates when it backs to Westward, as pressure increases ; whereas gales that occur within the
northern segment of a cyclonic depression remote from its centre attain their highest velocity in rear of
the line of lowest barometer readings, from some point to the South of West, usually from about South-
west, while pressure is rapidly recovering, the wind having been comparatively moderate from North-
westward while pressure was diminishing.
The high velocity of the wind on the outskirts of a depression in rear of its centre may be attributed
partly to the proximity of the high-pressure belt situated to the north of the Westerly air current, and
partly to the rapid recovery of pressure that takes place by replenishment of air from a polar quarter.
The paths followed by centres of cyclonic depressions vary with the season ; the parallels along which
thej- move to the eastward depending mainly upon the position of the tropical high-pressure belt which
consists, for the most part, of the southern anticyclones of the great oceans; which, in addition to their
annual east and west expansion and contraction, have a motion North and South. The amplitude of
these seasonal oscillations appears to vary in different years ; and it has been suggested that the tropical
anticyclones may have a cycle of long period as well as a seasonal movement. This point will be referred
to later.
The average paths of the centres of cyclonic depressions depicted on the daily charts under notice have
been estimated and grouped. The method employed in their construction was as follows : — The probable
positions of the centres of all depressions, that can be identified day after day on four or more consecutive
daily charts, were plotted on skeleton charts. Four charts were used for this purpose, one for each
season of the year; and the several positions allotted to the centre of each identical system was joined by
a line. Parallel to, and bisecting as nearly as possible the areas covered by the paths indicated, a line was
drawn to represent the average path.
In grouping the paths in seasons, the months of September, October, November are selected to represent
Spring ; December, January, February : Summer ; March, April, May : Autumn,; and June, July, August :
Winter.
The results obtained are as follow : — The average path of all central areas of depression charted for the
entire period, October, 1901, to March, 1904, is found to have been in about the 52nd parallel. Between
the meridians of 20° E. and 150' E., that is to say, over the South Indian division of the Southern Ocean, it
was between the 49th and 50th parallels; and between 150° E. and 70' W., the South Pacific division, in
about the 55th.
The South Atlantic division of the ocean, embraced by the meridians 70" W. and 20° E., is rarely visited
by ships, except on the western side ; the observations relating to that portion of the Southern Ocean are,
therefore, limited almost exclusively to that side, and to that side only the average paths estimated for
this division of the ocean refer.
During each of the seasons the centres of depression after passing the meridian of Joinville Island, about
56° W., either struck eastward or south-eastward; or moved east-north-eastward or north-eastward.
In the Spring of the year the average path taken by centres of depression is found to have been between
* ' The Tracks of Oceau Wind Systems in Transit across Australasia,' quoted ou p. U.
17
the 4!i(h and 50th parallels in the Indian division, and between the 54th and the 55th in the Pacific. The
centres entered the Atlantic division on or near the 58th parallel, thence about one-third of them moved
north-eastward, and the remainder passed between Danco Land and the South Orkneys. During the
Summer months the 53rd was the average parallel along which the centres travelled eastward in the
Indian division, and they followed a path between the 56th and 57th in that of the Pacific. After p .."in-
the 56th meridian of W. longitude, about half the central areas of depression travelled East-south-east
between Palmer Land and Danco Land and the South Orkneys, and the other half ]>a>>ed away to the
noi th-east ward. During Autumn and Winter the paths were confined to zones between 48° S. and 49° S.
in the South Indian division, and between 55 S. and ~>6 S. in the Pa'-irir. After entering the Atlantic
division, rather less than one-third of the centres moved east-south-eastward or eastward across Danco
Lund, 01 between Danco Land and the South Orkneys, the remainder passing east-north-eastward or
north-eastward into the Atlantic. A few crossed Tierra del Fuego or the southern extremity of
Patagonia,
The paths of cyclonic centres are found to have been more scattered during the Autumn and Winter
months than in Spring and Summer in all parts of the Southern Ocean.
Cyclonic storms, presumably of tropical origin, are represented on each of the charts on which the
central positions of Summer and Autumn depressions were plotted, but they are confined to the western
portion of the Pacific division of the Southern Ocean. These appear to have moved into the Tasnian Sea
from the north-westward, one in the Summer of 1901 and one in each of the Autumns of 1902 and 1903.
The centre of the 1902 storm moved south-eastward to the north-west coast of New Zealand, thence
south, passing through Cook Strait, and subsequently zigzagged to the eastward. It ran be identified on
the daily charts from a position in about 34 S., 169i° E., on the 12th December to a position in about
S., 148i° W., on the 10th of that month, representing a travel of 2187 nautical miles, at an average
rate of translation of 312 nautical miles per day.
The cyclones of the Autumns of 1901 and 1903 moved east-south-eastward after crossing the 30th
parallel, but cannot be traced to the eastward of the 180th meridian.
The tropical disturbance of December, 1901, above mentioned, is not the only cyclonic depression that
can be traced on the daily charts for a number of days consecutively. Similar instances of identification,
day after day, of such systems after their initial location can be cited as follows : —
March 7-15, 1902. From 56 S., 140 W. to 55' S., SO' W. = 2243 miles; 280 miles per day.
May 2-10, 1902. From 53° S., 102 E. to 17' S., 175° E. = 2840 miles; 355 miles per day.
May 29-June 5, 1902. From 47£° S., 17° E. to 60° S., 83° E. = 2433 miles; 348 miles per day.
September 2-9, 1902. From 57° S., 80° E. to 47° S., 131£° E. = 2510 miles; 359 miles per day.
May 16-23, 1903. From 54° S., 131° W. to 58' S., 72° W. = 1995 miles; 285 miles per day.
September 21-29, 1903. From 47£° S., 89° E. to 50£° S., 130° E. = 1625 miles; 203 miles per day.
December 10-17, 1903. From 40 S., 130° E. to 55° S., 171° E. = 1890 miles; 270 miles per day.
February 8-15, 1904. From W S., 154' E. to 52£° S., 166° W. = 1890 miles; 270 miles per day.
If the centres of the respective cyclonic depressions have been correctly located, the average daily rate
at which they progressed was nearly 300 miles.
While the number of cyclone systems that can be identified for four or more days in succession, during
their passage over the ocean, is large, the only moving anticyclonic systems that can be traced for more
than three consecutive days are :— (1) Those that appear to have their origin to the west of Australia, the
centres of which travel eastward, join the Australian "high," and subsequently move across or to the south
of Australia, over the Tasman SIM and New Zealand or immediately north or south of those islands, and
then disappear over the Pacific. (2) Those that move eastwards from the South American Continent,
over the sea, and soon after disappear over the Atlantic.
The former appear to originate as secondary high-pressure systems thrown off the South Indian
anticyclone; the latter appear to form over the land.
As regards the paths of anticyclones, shown on the charts, the instances are rare in which areas of high
barometer, other than those that obviously form part of the permanent anticyclones of the great oceans,
D
18
can be traced over the ocean for more than three consecutive days ; and when such areas can be identified
for as many as three days, their movements are shown to be erratic and slow.
Over the continents it is otherwise, and in connexion with an investigation, already referred to, the
writer found that from November to March inclusive the centres of moving anticyclones that appear over
Australia follow paths lying chiefly over the ocean, not far from but to the South of the island Continent,
thence over the Tasman Sea, and across or just South of the Middle and South Island of New Zealand ;
but from May to September inclusive, chiefly over the southern part of Australia, over the Tasman Sea
and New Zealand.
He expressed the opinion that these anticyclones form over the cool plains of Western Australia during
the winter months, and over the relatively cool sea immediately South-west of the land during the summer,
spreading subsequently from the sea northward over the land.
Evidence is not wanting, moreover, to prove that small areas of high pressure, breaking off the Indian
Ocean anticyclone, drift eastward and reinforce these high pressure areas that have formed ; and that the
relatively high-pressure ridges which follow in rear of depressions also are merged in these "highs."
CHARTS OF MEAN PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
By a close examination of the data exhibited on the charts of mean pressure for Noon G.M.T., month
by month, it is found possible to follow the seasonal oscillations of the tropical high-pressure belt, as
represented by the southern margins of the ocean anticyclones : and, by comparing each chart with the
accompanying chart illustrating normal pressure distribution, to detect displacements of the belt from its
average southern limit in any month or series of months to which the charts refer. The evidence thus
afforded by the pressure charts is in a measure supplemented by a similar comparison of the charted
observations of air temperature with average results on the charts accompanying them. Thus it is found
that during the last three months of 1901 the southern margins of the South Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and
South-eastern Pacific permanent high-pressure areas were North and West of their average positions ; that
of the South-western Pacific was South of the average, and exhibited no departure from the average as
regards longitude. In these months the mean air temperature appears to have been above the normal in
the Atlantic and Indian Ocean divisions c/f the Southern Ocean ; but about the normal in the South-eastern
and South-western Pacific divisions.
During the greater part of 1902 the ocean anticyclones were again North of their average southern
limits and the Atlantic anticyclone was West of its average position. The Indian Ocean and South Pacific
anticyclones, however, appear in their average positions as regards longitude.
Air temperature over the Southern Ocean, as indicated by the charts, was in each month of this year
either about the normal or above it, except in the South-western Pacific division of the ocean, where it
seems to have been below the normal.
During the year 1 903 the southern margin of the high-pressure belt is charted in or near its average
parallels ; and, while the South Atlantic and Indian Ocean areas of maximum pressure are shown to have
been West of their average positions, the two South Pacific areas are located slightly to the East of the
average.
As regards mean air temperature during that year, this appears from the position of the isotherms to
have been higher than the normal over the South Atlantic and the South-eastern Pacific divisions of the
Southern Ocean, slightly above the normal over the Indian Ocean division, and slightly below the normal
over the South-western Pacific division.
In the first three months of 1904 the southern margin of the belt is charted in about its average
parallels. The air temperature indicated by the isotherms for those months is above normal, except in the
South-Western Pacific division, where a slight defect in temperature is indicated.
In a paper contributed to the Royal Meteorological Society in 1908 by Colonel H. E. RAWSON, C.B., R.E.,*
it was pointed out that when isobaric charts of the Southern Hemisphere relating to any month or months
which had been prepared in different years were compared with one another, the action-centre of the South
* " The Anticyclonie Belt of the Southern Hemisphere," ' Quarterly Journal, Roy. Met. Soc.,' July, 1908.
19
Atlantic anticyclone was found to occupy different positions in the corresponding month or months on the
charts of each of these years. He found that if BUCHAN'S charts, published in 1869, are compared with
those prepared by the same authority for 1870-84, or if MOHX'S charts published in 1879, 1883 and 1903
are compared with those prepared by the Meteorological Office, which are based on observations recorded
in nearly 3300 logs extending over the period 1855-99, the mean monthly position of tin nfret
will be found to vary very considerably both in latitude and longitude. Colonel RAWSOX concluded that
in addition to the seasonal migration of the high-pressure belt, which has so long been recognised, there
is a progressive displacement going on from year to year, in consequence of which the belt is in some
years nearer to the Equator than in others. He believed he had found strong evidence of cyclical changes
having taken place in the belt's latitude, and of the existence of an interval of 9| years between the times
of its passing from its extreme northern to its extreme southern positions, and vice n-rfi't. If Colonel
RAWSOX'S theory be correct, the belt should have reached the southern limit of its oscillation in 1903.
Now although the southern margin of the high-pressure belt in the several divisions of the ocean, as
shown on the monthly charts for that year, appears to be in about its average position as regards
latitude, it must be admitted that the monthly charts for both 1901 and 1902 place the margin of the belt
in lower parallels.
SUMMARY OF THE OBSERVATIONS OF WIND.
On Tables I. to IV. are set forth the number of observations of wind from each of eight cardinal and
inter-cardinal points of the compass, and of variable winds and calms recorded in the Southern Ocean
during the thirty -months period, October 1901 to March 1904; inclusive also of the number of instances
on which these winds attained to gale force.
For the purposes of comparison the observations are arranged according to (1) the respective seasons,
(2) the divisions of the Ocean, and (3) the zones to which they relate.
In the classification adopted (p. 16), the months of September, October, November are regarded as
representing Spring ; December, January, February as representing Summer ; March, April, May, Autumn ;
and June, July, August, Winter. The following are the meridional boundaries selected for representing
the three divisions of the Southern Ocean, 150° E. to 70° W., Pacific; 70° W. to 20* E., Atlantic ; 20° E.
to 150° E., Indian. The grouping of ocean wind and gale frequency into zones of ten degrees of latitude
is adopted for convenience.
Tables V. to IX. state the directions from which the largest and smallest percentages of \vinds of all
forces, and of gales only, were recorded in each of the zones and divisions of the Southern Ocenn referred
to, in the respective seasons of the year and in all seasons, during the thirty months period.
Table X. furnishes similar information relating to the Southern Ocean as a whole.
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24
TABIF V -Directions from which the Largest and Smallest Percentages of Winds were recorded in each of the Zones,
30°-40° S., 40°-50° S., 50°-60° S, in the Three Divisions of the Southern Ocean, viz. Pacific, Atlantic, ai
SPRING: September, 1902-3; October, 1901-3; November, 1901-3.
Zone.
Pacific.
Atlantic.
Indian.
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
30°-40° S.
40°-50° S.
so'-eo0 s.
17 '3 S.
17-1 N.; 16 -3 S.W.
23-7N.W.; 21-6
S.W.
7'2 W.
5 -9 E. and S.E.
1 -0 S.E.
1G -8 S.E.
23 -8 N. and N.W.
29 -2 N.W.
7-1 E.
2 '9 E. and S.E. ;
3 -8 S.
0-OE. and S.E. ;
2 -1 N.E. and S.
20 -9 S.W.
19 '8 S.W. ; 19'1 W.;
18-7 N.W.
39 -3 N.
5-8E.
2-OE.
0 -0 S.E. and S.
GALES.
30°-40° S.
40°-50° S.
50°-60° S.
1-1 S.
2 -3 S.W.
1 -5 S.W.
0-OE., S.E., N.W.
0 -0 E. and S.E.
0-0 N.E.-S.E.
1-OS.
1 -9 S.W. and W.
6 -3 S.W.
0 -0 N. and E.
0 -0 N.E.-S.
0-0 N.E.-S.
1-2 W.; I'O S.W.
1 -1 S.W.
No gules
O'lN.
0-OE.; 0-1 S.E.;
0-2 N.E.
recorded.
TABLE VI -Directions from which the Largest and Smallest Percentages of Winds were recorded in each of the Zones,
30°-40° S, 40°-50° S., 50°-W° S., in the Three Divisions of the Southern Ocean, viz., Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian.
SUMMER: December, January, February, 1901-2, 1902-3, 1903-4.
Zone.
Pacific.
Atlantic.
Indian.
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
30°-40° S.
40°-50° S.
50°-60° S.
1(5 -5 S.
15 -4 S.W. ;
14 -3 N.E.
22 '5 N.W. ; 19 -4 N.;
19 -0 W.
7 -5 E. ; 8-0 W.
7-4E.
3 -1 E. and S.E.
20-1 N.
22 -7 N.
25-3N.W.; 24 -IN.
6-6 W.; 7 -2 S.W. ;
7-7E.
4 -4 S.E.
4 -3 E. and S.E. ;
6-1 S.
21 -7 S.W. ; 20 -5 S.
21 -7 S.W. ;
20-ON.W.; 19 -4 W.
31 -8 N.W.
5 -5 N.W.
1-8E.
0 -0 N.E. and S.E.
G-ALES.
30°-40° S.
40°-50° S.
60°-60° S.
0 -2 S. and N.W.
1 -3 N.W.
1 -9 N.W.
O-ON.-S.E.; S.W. ;
W.
0 -0 E. and S.
0 -2 N.E.-S.
0-2S.
0 -9 N.W.
2-5N.
0 '0 on every other
point.
O-ON.-E.; S.
0 -0 N.E.-S.
0 -6 S.W.
1-4 W.
No gales
0-0 N.E. ; S.E. ;
S.; N.W.
0 -0 E. and S.E.
recorded.
25
TABLE VII.— Directions from which the Largest and Smallest Percentages of "Winds were recorded in each of the Zones,
30°-40°S., 40°-50°S., 50°-60° S., in the Three Divisions of the Southern Ocean, viz., Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian.
AUTUMN: March, 1902, 1903, 1904; April, 1902, 1903; May, 1902, 1903.
Zone.
Pacific.
Atlantic.
Indian.
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
30°-40° S.
19 -0 S.
5 -3 N.W. ; 7 -0 E.
18-1 S.E.
7 '6 E. ; 8-1 S.W.
20 -6 S.W.
8-4 N. ; 8-5 E.
40°-50° S.
16 -9 N. ; 16 -4 S.W.
5-4 E; 6-6S.E.
27 '7 N.
1-5 E.
20-2S.W.; 18 -2 W.;
2-6E.
17 '9 N W
60°-60° S.
23 -2 N.W.
2-5 E.
31 -3 N.W. ; 19 -3 N.
3 -6 S.E.
32 -0 W.
0 -0 E. and S.E.
GALES.
30°-40° S.
1-4S.
0 -3 N.E. ; E. , W.
0-5N. ; S.; S.W.;
0 -0 E. and S.E.
0 -8 S.W.
0 -0 E. and N.W.
N.W.
40°-60° S.
1 -9 S.W.
0-ON.
2 '2 S.W. and W.
0-0 N.E.-S.
1 -1 S.W.
0 -2 N.W.
50°-60° S.
3 7 N.W.
0-OK.
3-6 W.
O'OS.E.-S.W.
8 -0 S.W.
0-0 N.E.-S. ; N.W.
TABLE VIII. — Directions from which the Largest and Smallest Percentages of Winds were recorded in each of the Zones,
30°-40° S., 40°-50° S., 50°-60° S., in the Three Divisions of the Southern Ocean, viz., Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian.
: June, July, August, 1902, 1903.
Zone.
Pacific.
Atlantic.
Indian.
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
30°-40° S.
20 -3 S.
7 -7 E. ; 8 -0 W.
14 -8 N.W. ; 14-OS.E.
7 '5 E. ; 8-1 N.E.
19 -6 S.W.
6 -2 N.E.
40°-50° S.
20 -3 S.W.
4-9E.
21 -6 N. and N.W.
2-3 E.
23 -3 S.W.
3 -1 N.E. and E.
60°-60° S.
1 5 -6 S.W. ; 14 -7 N.W.
6-6E.
21 -5 S.W.
5 -1 N.E. and E. ;
6 -3 S.E.
40 -0 N.W.
0 -0 N.E. ; E. j S.W.
GALES.
30°-40° S.
1-4S.
0 -0 N. and N.E.
0 -8 N.W.
0 -0 N.E.-S.
1 4 S.W. 0 -2 E. and S.E.
40°-50° S.
2 -2 S.W. and N.W.
0 -0 N.
3 '4 N.W.
0 -0 N.E. and E.
3 -3 S.W.
0 -0 N.E. and E.
50°-60° S.
2-8 W.
0-OE.
3-8 N.
0-0 N.K. and S.E.
30 -0 N.W.
0 -0 N.-W.
i:
26
TABLE IX.-Directions from which the Largest and Smallest Percentages of Winds were recorded in each of the Zones,
30°-403 S., 40°-50° S., 50'-60° S., in the Three Divisions of the Southern Ocean, viz., Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian.
ALL SEASONS : October, 1901, to March, 1904.
Zone.
Paci6c.
Atlantic.
Indian.
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
30°-40° S.
400-500 S.
50°-60° S.
18 -2 S.
17 -1 S.W.
21 -1 N.W.
7'8E. ; 8-5 W.;
9 -1 N.W.
6-1 E.j 7-5 S.E.
4 -8 S.E. ; 4 -0 E.
15 -9 S.E.
24 -0 N.
24 -7 N.W. ; 22 'ON.
7'5E.
3 -4 E. ; -i'l S.E.
4 -0 S.E. ; 4 '3 E.
20 -7 S.W.
21-0 S.W. ; 18 -1W.;
18-0 N.W.
25 '9 N. ; 23 -5 W.
7 -3 E. ; 7-7 N.E.
2-4E.
1 -2 S.E.
GALES.
30°-40° S.
40°-50° S.
50°-60° S.
1-OS.
1 -5 S.W.
2 -0 W. and N.W.
0'2E.
0-2 E.
O'l E.
0-5 S.W. and N.W.
1-4 S.W. ; 1-3W.
and N.W.
2 -7 N. and W.
0 -0 E. .
0 -0 N.E. and E.
0 '0 S.E.
0 '9 S.W. and W.
1 -5 S.W.
3 -5 N.W.
0 '1 E. and S.E.
0-1E.
0 -0 N.E.-S. ; W.
TABLE X.— Directions from which the Largest and Smallest Percentages of Winds were recorded in the
Southern Ocean in the Eespective Seasons during the Years 1901 to 1904 ; also in All Seasons during
that Period.
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
15 -9 S.W. ; 15 '5 W. ; 15 '3 N.W.
5'OE.
19 '4 S.W. ; 14 -7 N.W.
5-7E.
16 -2 S.W. ; 14 -2 N.W. and N.
5-5 E.
(4) Winter .
21 '5 S.W. ; 15 "4 S. ; 15 '0 N.W.
5'8 E.
18-1 S.W.; 14-7 N.W.
5-5E.
GALES.
1 -3 S.W.
O'l E.
0 -8 N.W. and W.
0 -1 N.E.-S.
1 -2 S.W. ; 1 -1 W.
O'l E.
(4) Winter . . •
1-8 W.; 1-7 S.W.
0'2E.
1-1 S.W. and W.; 0'9 N.W.
0-1E.
KEY MAP.
70'
(id
C Maria v Dieffieno
A
'•.
/o )
'r
rguelen
Croiel I
60
Kaiser
lau
^.c.
irr C n'fi L'.i ,
ape Town
Ctvangelistas
Juan F
^Orkneys
Valpsra.soi,
Buenos
AirCS
4-0°
EXP LA NATI O N.
Tli,- I>inl\ ami Mi-mi \li*nilil\ i-liiiri* in tin* volume art based, on c/.///\ otservolionj r ,,-,<,•,/,, I ,it /:!,!,,•, //,,/,;,. i,,l,i.
iJu abovi ,-/iiij-i , in .ulili/i ,'n t,i thfxt- re.ctLved.1rcm Ships op the Roy al .\\i\i ami M, •/•,.,///./. .''I, n in,-
Till- l-fil ,ill,l Illl-U.' lu,i"< ,'ll tin- rll ill-It. ,•!' Main MI-II l/ll\ , an. I \, I r,l ,. / ll ; • '/, -tn/i, •/ -,!(<!/ - ,;/•, Jsi't/ii-r-ln.-, O> iin
r.-jinil .In r,rn(<,'rnlitri Tin /iyi<-.s' 1/1 ivi/ n-tnl,- I,' ihffnu'infliT muluuffi of 35' Fahr. nr n/imr fJn/\r in l>ln,' !,•
readings of 3d i,iln u/i// In I, •»
77u> rcrf «/!</, />/nr liiif* i'ii III, li,ul\ M.'.in Mi'iil/il\ ,ui,l \,irn,ut r.litirlx ,•!' I'ressure fin; /v.i/i.i/-.-, ,v ///,,-•• i./ t^iint
tiiiii-inpi- •• I'n .s.s-f// c /Ac /v/*f'.s </f /<•(/ /. /-//* '/ /'.(/•' N i'tinifv .'/' 1_'.V / jn.' 01 .ii'ii\e, tJu'*e ifl him- tti rrurhrujS
of 29-6 ins. atnl l>, I, •» >".'i, u/v,/.- //«//i ,ini( !.,<•* ,-n ill, Daily cliai-ts are itiit tbuu • •' where prfSRiLre ix luyhrxl or
Ifwffil in nnli,-\ , 1,'nrs nn,l depressions l;s/u,li\i/\ }'u/iii-rn in I'/uf/f i rl'i-f I, 'Air 'fi-'/if"inliitf. Iin afrOWStO
Vfind,. The latter fLy \\ilii tli,' HUH/ . iin i\<rce of -which., given m inmihiTx of the Beaufort Sc.atr.i.-, s /</'»•« as follows:-
O Calm,- -»/<,..•;,—>. 4 to £,r=>7*#,=^£> £ 1C. ^11 &IZ .
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
I9OI
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.MT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER I I9OI OCTOBER
140* ISO' ISO' 170' 180' 170 160 ISO 140'
30' 20' 10" O' 10' 20' 30' 40'
140' ISO* 160 170 o .-ISO 170 160 ISO
a
30' 20' "10" 0* 10' 20' 30'
I9OI
OCTOBER
3 1901
OCTOBER
40" ISO* ISO" 170* 180* 170* 160* ISO" 140"
5O" 20" 10" O" 10" 20* 30" 40*
SO* 160' 170* 160* 170" 160 ISO'
30' 20" 10" 0"
For expla.na.tion see Key
1901
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 5 1901 OCTOBER
I6O I/O IBO I7O 16U 150
140" ISO' ISO 170 ISO' 170" 160" 1*0" 140'
30 20* 10 O 10' 20' 30"
4O 30 20 10 0 10 20 30* 40
1901
OCTOBER
7 1901
OCTOB ER
140* ISO" 160* 170" 160" 170* 160* ISO* 140*
' •/ '
d
110
40* 30' 20' 10' O* 10" 20' 30" 40"
140' 150" 160' 170' 160' 170' 180' ISO" 140'
30 20 ID' 0- 10' 20' 30'
For explanation srt Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
I9OI
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 9 1901 OCTOBER
10
140" 150* 160" 170" ISO" 170" 160" ISO*
40"
30' 20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 30"
\
50* 20* 10* Q* 10* ZD* 30*
1901
OCTOBER
II 1901
OCTOBER
12
1*0" ISO" ISO" 170" 160' 170" ISO ISO
30" 20" 110" V 10" 30" 30" 40*
30' 20" 10" O' 10* 20" 30"
For expl«.n«,tion see Key m&p
1901
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 13 |90I OCTOBER
14-
eo* i7o" iso* 170* ieo* IK-
ISO" 170* 180* 170* IBC
1901
OCTOBER
5 1901
I5° 160' 'TO' 180' 170' 160* ISO
For explanation see Key map
1901
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 17 1901 OCTOBER
18
140" ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170* 160* ISO*
20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 30" 40'
1+0° ISO* 160" 170* ISO* 170" 160" ISO*
50" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20' 30" 40"
1901
OCTOBER
19 1901
OCTOBER
20
3O* 20" 10" O* 10" 20* 30"
140" ISO* 160' 170* !60* 170* 160° ISO*
3O* 20*
76* 20" 30*
For explanation see Key map
1901
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 21 1901 OCTOBER
22
140" ISO" 160* 170* 160* 170" 160* 150*
M
20' 10' O' 10' 20* 30'
30' 20' 10' 0* 10" 20' 30"
1901
OCTOBER
23 1901
OCTOBER
24
140* ISO* 160' 170* IBO* 170* 160* ISO*
oq .
life*. •« -••si
30* 20' 10" 0" 10* - 20*0 30*
ISO" 160" 170* 160 ,70 160
30* 20* 10* 0* 10" 20' 30'
For explmaM ion see Key ma.p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1901
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER S5 1901 OCTOBER
26
140" ISO' 160" 170* ISO" r?0* 160* ISO"
loo'
1*0" ISO* 160" 170" ISO* 170* 160* ISO* 140"
)
SO" 20" "10" 0" 'O 10" 20* 30" 40"
I9OI
OCTOB E R
2.1 I9OI
OCTOBER
28
140* ISO* 160* 170" 180" 170" 160" ISO"
40" 3O' 20* 10" O" 10" 20' 30' 40'
I4O* ISO" 160" 170"
4O" 30* 20' 10" O" 10" 20" 3O" 40*
For explanation see Key ma/p
1901
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 29 I9OI OCTOBER
30
140* ISO* 160" 170* 180' 170* 180' ISO*
SO* 20' 0>lfc'' 0" 10" 20' 30' 40*
14O* ISO' 160* 170" 180" 170" 160" 150* 140*
EC
SO' 20" 10" O* 10' 20" 30" 40*
1901
OCTOBER
31 1901
NOVEMBER
140* ISO* 160* 170* 160* 170* 160* ISO*
'40* ISO* 160* 170* I6O* 170" 160" ISO" 140"
00
si
For expl anal ion see Key ma-p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
1901
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 2 1901 NOVEMBER
140" ISO' ISO' 170' J80' 170' ISO' 150'
20' 30' 40"
140° 150" 160* 170" 160* 170" 160 ISO"
1901
NOVEMBER
1901
NOVEMBER
140' ISO" 160" 170" l.gO" 170" 160" ISO"
SO" 20" 10' 0' 10' 2O' 30' 40'
140' ISO' ISO' 170' 160" 170' 160" ISO" 140"
I 'eiV^si 3°-''
30" 20' 10" 0" 10" 20" 30"
For explanation see Key map
1901
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 6 1901 NOVEMBER
1901
NOVEMBER
& 1901
NOVEMBER
ISO' 160' 170" 160' 170 160 ISO" 140'
30' 20* 10" O* 10" 20' 30'
1*0' iso' ISP' iTo' ieo' 170' ieo' iso' 140'
3O' 20" 10
For expla.na.lion see Key m«,p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
1901
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 10 1901 NOVEMBER
II
140* i50' 160" 170* V ISO* 170* 160* ISO* 140"
*>"
30" 20' I0"^~p~o" 10* 20* 30* 40"
140" ISO* 160' 170' ISO* 170" 160* ISO* 140*
•
30' 20* 10' 0' 10' 20' 30' 40'
1901
NOVEMBER
12 1901
NOVEM B ER
13
1*0' ISO* ISO' 170' 160" 170' 160' ISO' HO'
40* 30' 2O' CC ' 10* ^ O* 10' 20' 30' 40'
I4O' ISO' 160' 170" :J80" 170" 160' ISO* 140'
30" 20' 10" 0^ 10" 2O* 30* 40*
For expls.na.tion see Key map
1901
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 14 1901 NOVEMBER
15
140" ISO' ISO' 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO'
3O" 20' 10" O" 10" 20' 30'
30" "I 20*) o 10' O' 10' 20' 30' 40'
1901
NOVEMBER
16 1901
NOVEMBER
17
_1_40 ISO" 160" 170 160 170 160 150
*O* 150' 160' 170' 160* 170' 160' ISO' 140"
SO* 20"^ IOS 0" 10" 20" 30" 4O*
For explanation see Key map
I9OJ
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 18 I9OI NOVEMBER
19
I4O" ISO" 160* 170" ISO* 170* 160'
30" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20' 30
1+0* ISO" 160" 170* ISO" 170" 160" 150" 140"
30* 20* f 10* 0" 10" 20* 50*
;9Oi
NOVEMBER
ZO 1901
NOV EM BER
21
1*0" iso" 160* 170 :eo no ieo iso
BO
I«O" ISO" ISO" 170" 160" 170" 160" ISO"
*-.
9
* ,
;S
IOB 0" 10" 20* 30*
For explanation see Key ma-p
1901
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 33 1901 NOVEMBER
70 160
3o' ao* io* o' 10' 20' so'
1901
NOVEMBER
I9OI
NOVEMBER
140* ISO* ISO" 170* 160" 170" 160 ISO
3O' 20" 10" 0* 10" 20" 30*
>40" ISO' 160* 170" 160' 170* 160* 150* 140"
3O" 30
For explft-na-tion see Key
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1901
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER Z6 1901 NOVEMBER
27
I4O" ISO'
l«0' ISO" 160' 170' 180' 170' ISO' ISO' HO'
40'
30* 20* VIO" O" 10" 20* 30
..,
NIG?
20' 30"
1901
NOVEMBER
28 190!
NOVEMBER
29
1+0" ISO" 160" 170" ,180" no" 160 ISO 140"
SO" 20" 10" O" 10" 2O" 30' 40'
1*0° ISO" 160" 170" ISO" 170" 160" ISO"
20" 3d"
For expla.na.tion set Key map
1901
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 3O 1901 DECEMBER
140* ISO" 160* >70" 160" 170" 160" 150"
140" ISO"
40"
30' 20" 10' 0"
*• : w
30" 20' 10" 0" 0" 20" 30"
1901
DECEMBER
I9OI
DECEMBER
I4O" ISO" .. ISO" 170" 160" .10" 160" ISO" 140"
3O" 20" f* I0i 0" 10" 20" 3O" 40"
I4O* ISO" 160" 170" 160" 170* 160" ISO"
« I
- TJ
00 7
For explanation see Key ma.p
1901
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 4- I9OI DECEMBER
40" ISO" 160" 170 ISO 170 160 150 140
140" ISO* 160" 170" 180" 170" 160'
30' 20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 30'
I90i
DECEMBER
1901
DECEMBER
iso lee" 170 :ao 170 ieo iso
40*
140* ISO" 160" 170" 160* 170* 160" ISO"
3O" 20" 10* 0* 10" 20* 30*
For expla.na.tion see Key ma.p
1901
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 8 1901 DECEMBER
I4O* ISO' ISO" 170* 180* 170" 160 ISO"
trr ?r •
30' 20' 10" 0' 10' 20' 30'
l«0' ISO' 160' 170' ,80' 170* ISO' ISO'
3O' 20
I9OI
DECEMBER
10 1901
DECEMBER
I4O' ISO' 160' 170' ieO' 170 160 ISO
I4O' ISO 160' 170' IBO' 170 160 ISO' 140'
0 20 30'
For explana-ticm see Key
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
I9OI
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 12 I9OI DECEMBER
13
1+0' ISO" 160' 170" ISO" HO" 160" 150*
ZC ,M
20" 30"
1*0° 150" 160* ITO ISO
3O* 20° 10° 0 10 20 30
I9OI
DECEMBER
14 19OI
DECEMBER
15
140' ISO" ISO" 170" . 180" 170" 160 ISO 1*0
30' 20" 10" O' 10" 20" 30"
30 20 10 O 20 30
For explana,tion see Key m&p
I9OI
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 16 1901 DECEMBER
17
I4O" ISO' 160' 170* 180* 170' 160' ISO" 140'
\;»*r-
•»" ' *
.
• _ ic
4O* 3O* 2tf **TO" 0" 10" 20* 30" 4O*
I4O' ISO" 160' ; 70" 180' '.10' 180" ISO'
30* 20* 10' O" 10" 20' 30'
I9OI
DECEMBER
18 I9OI
DECEMBER
19
1*0* 150 160 170 ,JBO I7Q 160 ISO
SO* 20" I0! 0" 10" 20* 30"
I4O* ISO" 160* 170* ., 160* 170* 160* ISO1
30* 20* 10" 0"
For expl *.na,tion see Key mar
NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1901
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 20 1901 DECEMBER
21
140* IS»" 160' I7O" l»0"
160 ISO
3O* 20* 10" 0"
ZO' 30"
JO' 20" 10* O' 10' 20' 30'
I9OI
DECEMBER
22 1901
DECEMBER
23
140" ISO' ISO* 170' - ^60' 170' 160' ISO'
bo
' /I
"w
30' 20' \ 10' 0* 10' ZO'
140" ISO* 160" 170" 1«0" 170" 160* 150"
3O* 20" 10" 0" 10" 20* 3O"
For expln-naAion see Key ma-p
1901
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 24- 1901 DECEMBER
1*0* iso' iso' no' ieo' no' i«o' iso' 140'
SO' 20' 10* 0* 10' 20' 30'
140* ISO'
SO' 20'
1901
DECEMBER
26 1901
DECEMBER
27
I+O* ISO* 160* 170" 160" 170" ICO* ISO*
10' 0' 10' 20' 30'
I*O' ISO' l«0' 170' 160' .TO' 160* ISO'
40' so' 'aop io_
= JB -^-
'• 5s io^
20' 30'
40'
For explanation see Key m«.p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
1901
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 28 1901 DECEMBER
29
O" 10" 20" 30"
I4O" ISO" 160* 170" ^ ISO' 170* 160" ISO*
1901
DECEMBER
30 1901
DECEMBER
31
I4O" ISO* ISO* 170" 160' 170" 160" ISO'
1+0" ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170" 160" ISO" 140"
30' 20" 10* O" 10" 20" 30"
For explanation see Key ma.p
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY I 1902 JANUARY
4O* 150* ISO* 1 70 180 170 160 ISO 140'
4O* ISO" 160* 1 70* i80 170 160" 150 40'
50' 20' 10 O 10' 20' 30'
30' 20' 10" O 10
1902
JANUARY
JANUARY
160" 170 ISO' 170 160 ISO
4O* 150' 160' 170' 160 170 160 ISO 140'
20' 10: 0' 10' 20' 30' 40'
30 20 ^0 0 10 20 30
For explanation see Key ma;
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
.'902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 5 1902 JANUARY
ISO' 160" 170' ISO' 170' 160 150
20* 10° 0 10 20 30
140 ISO 160 170 7g ^,M
30' 20' 10' 0" 10' 20' 30
I9O2
JANUARY
1902
JAN UARY
160' 170' :80' 170' 160' ISO'
SO' 20' NJO\ 0' 10' 20' 30'
I4O* ISO' 160' 170' 160' 170' 160' ISO'
30' 20' 10* O' 10* 20' 30'
For expla.na.tion see Key m&p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 9 1903 JANUARY
10
40'
140* ISO* ISO' 170*
«
30" 20' 10* O* 10' 20' 30"
1902
JANUARY
0" 3O* 20* 10" 0 10" 20' 30' 4O
For expl«.na,tiOTi see Key m«.p
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 13 I9O2 JANUARY
14
140* ISO' 160"
BC
40* 30' 20' 10* O" 10' 20' 30'
140° ISO"
30' 20° 10" 0' 10' 20' 3O'
1902
JAN U ARY
15 1902
JANUARY
16
140' ISO" ISO* 170' 160' HO' 160 ISO' 140'
4O" 30' 20' 10" 0" 1 6"? SO' 30' 40'
140" ISO" 160" 170" 180' 170" 160" 150*
4O" 3O" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 30" 40*
For expla.na.tion see Key map
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 17 1902 JANUARY
18
1902
JAN UARY
19 I9O2
JANUARY
20
ISO' 160' 170' 160' no' 160' 150' 140'
3O" 20" ' *10l 0" 10" 20' 30"
140* ISO" 160" 170 160 170 160 ISO
30' 20' 10' 0' 10" 20" 30"
For explanation see Key map
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 21 I9O2 JANUARY
22
140° ISO" 160" 170" ISO" 170" ISO"
20' 10" O* 10" 20" 30" 40"
I*O" ISO" 160" 170" ISO" 170" ISO" ISO"
I
30" 20" & " 10" O" 10" 20" 30" 4O"
1902
JANUARY
23 1902
JANUARY
24-
1+0" ISO" ISO" 170" 180" 170" 160" ISO"
ISO
,
3O" 20" 10" O" 10" 20" 3O"
30" 20" 10* 0" 10* 20" 30"
For explanation see Key ma/p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 25 I9O2 JANUARY
26
1*0' ISO' 160" 170" „ 180' 170" 160' ISO'
140'
3C . .
SO" 20* 10" O" 10" 20* 30*
I9O2
JANUARY
27 1902
JANUARY
140* 150' 160* 170' 160 170 160 150
HO ISO' 160' 170 160 170 >6O ISO
30' 20' "10' O' 10" 20' 30'
Feu pxpl«.na-( ion see K<=\
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY £9 I9O2 JANUARY
30
1*0" ISO* 160' 170* ISO' 170" 160' ISO' 140'
[BO"
I4O' ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' ISO'
140'
30' 20' 10' 0'
3O" 20' 10* O" 10' 20* 30' 4O°
1902
JANUARY
31 1902
FEBRUARY
60' ISO' 140'
00
80
bo1
30' 20* 10' 0' 10' 20' 3O' 40'
140* ISO' 160' I7O'
140'
BO"
30' 20' 10' O* 10' 20' 30' 40'
For explanation see Key ma/p
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 2 1902 FEBRUARY
1902
FEBRU AR Y
4- 1902
FEBRUARY
140" ISO* 160* 170" 160* 170* 160" 150*
50 20 10 O" 10* 20 30"
So — £-5
140" ISO" ISO* 170' 160" 170" 160" ISO* 140*
4O*
3O" 20' 10' 0" '0" 2O' 30" 40"
For expla.na.tion see Key map
I90E
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 6 1902 FEBRUARY
40" 30' 2O' 10' O* 10* 20' 30" 40'
4O" ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 170' ISO' ISO' 140'
30' 20' 10' 0" 10" 20' 30" 40"
1902
FEBRUARY
8 1902
FEBRUARY
140* ISO' 160' 170' 180' HO' 160' ISO' 140'
30' 40'
I4O" ISO" 160" 170" 160' 170" 160" ISO'
»
30' 20' I 10' 0" 10" 20' 30"
For expla.na.tion see Key map
I90Z
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 10 1902 FEBRUARY
ISO' 170 ISO' 170 I60 ISO
I4O' ISO' 160' 170 ISO 170' 160 ISO
30' 20' 10' 0' 10' 20' 30'
30' 20' 10" 0" 10' 20' 30'
isoa
FEBRUARY
FEBRUARY
160* 170* ISO' 170' 160
140' ISO' 160' 170 ISO 170 ISO
50 20 10' O 10' 20' 30
30' 20 10 O' 10 20 30
For explanation see Key ma.p
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 14- I9O2 FEBRUARY
15
30 20 10° O" 10 20 30
I4O" ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 170' 160' ISO*
30" 20' b 10" 0" 10" 20' 30°
1902
FEBRUARY
16 1902
FEBRUARY
17
140" ISO" 160" 170' 180' 170* 160* ISO" 140"
60
140" ISO" 160" 170" 160" 170" 160" ISO'
20' 30'
For explana-tion see Key ma/p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 18 I9O2 FEBRUARY
160 170 .80 170 160 150 140
1902
FEBRUARY
20 1902
FEBRUARY
21
140" ISC' 160' 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO"
140'
40' ISO" 160" 170' 160* '70* 160' ISO" 1*0'
3O' 20' 10" 0" 10" 20' 3O"
For explanation sre Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 22 1902 FEBRUARY
23
1+0" ISO" 160* 170* ISO* 170* 160 ISO
loo-
20* 10° 0" 10" 20" 30' 40'
i+o' ISO' iso' 170' iBO' no' ieo iso 140"
30' 20" 1C" 0° 10" 20* 30" 40"
1902
FEBRUARY
24- 1902
FEBRU ARY
25
1*0* ISO' 160" 170' 180' 170' 160" ISO' 140"
0' 20' 30' 40'
140' ISO' 160' 170' 160'
30" 20* 10' 0" 10" 2O' 30"
For expla.na.ti on see Key ma/p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 26 1902 FEBRUARY
50* 20' 10 0 10 20 SO'
1902
FEBR U ARY
28 I9O2
MARCH
140' ISO' 160' 170* 160' '70' 160' ISO' '40'
20' 30'
140" ISO* 160' 170* 160* '70' 160 ISO 140
SO' 20' 10* O"
For explanation see Key m«.p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 2 1902 MARCH
1*0" ISO" 160" 170" 180° 170" ISO" ISO* 140"
90
4O"
30" 20" " 10" 0" 10" 20" 30" 40"
1902
MARCH
4- I9O2
MARCH
*0" 30" 2O" 10" O" 10" 20" 30" 40"
30' 20" 10" O" 10" 20" 30
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 6 1902 MARCH
I4O" ISO" 160* 170* 180* 170* 160* 150* '40'
3O' 20' 10" 0' 10' 20' 30' 4O'
40' 30' 20' 10
1902
MARCH
8 1902
MARCH
I4O' ISC' 160' 170 160' 110 160 ISO' l«0-
I4O 160 170 160 150
For explanation see Key ma.p
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 10 I9OE MARCH
30" 20" 10" O" 10' ZO' 30
140'
ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170" ISO" 150* 140*
3O" 20" O" 10" 2C° 30" 40"
MARC H
12 I9O2
MARCH
13
140 ISO 160 170 :60 170 160 ISO 140
I4O* ISO" 160* 170' 160* 170* 160* ISO*
1*0'
30* 20* 10" O" 10" 20" 30" 40"
For explana-tion see Key m&p
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
MARCH 14 1902 MARCH
140' ISO' 160* 170 IBO' 170 160 ISO
14O ISO 160 I7O I8O I7O I6O ISO 140
50' 20' 10 0 10 20 3O' 40'
1902
MARCH
16 1902
MARCH
17
140' ISO* 160' 170' 160' 170' 160 ISO
K
SO' 20' 10" O" 10" 20' 30'
140 ISO 160 I7O 160 170 160 ISO
JO' 2O' 10' 0" 10" 20" 3O'
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
I90Z
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 18 I90Z MARCH
19
I4O" ISO" ISO" 170' ISO' 170 160 ISO
30" 20" 10" 0° 10" 20" 3O*
140 ISO 160
40" SO" 20" 10* 0" 10" 2O 30
1902
MARCH
140" ISO" 160 170 180 170 160 150
140° ISO" 160" I70- ISO' I7O ISO 150
For explanation see Key ma/p
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 22 1902 MARCH
1*0' ISO' ISO' 170' 160' 170 180
20" 10* O" 10" 20" 30"
140 ISO
SO" 20" »V 10" O" 10" 20"
1902
MARCH
24- 1902
MARCH
25
I4O' ISO" ISO" 170" 160' 170' 160* 150'
SO" 20"
10" 20" 30" 40"
I4O* ISO
SO' 2O" 10" 0" IP' 20" 30 <0
For expl«.na-tion see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 26 1902 MARCH
27
1*0' ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' ISO* ISO*
0' 20° 3O'
1902
MARC H
as 1902
MARCH
29
ISO' 160" 170" 180' 170" 160'
so' 20" 10" o" 10" 20" so" 40"
I4O" ISO" 160" 170" 160' 170" 160* ISO*
no
a
3O* 20" 10" O" 10" 20* 3O*
For explanation see Key m&p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 30 1902 MARCH
31
140" ISO* 160" 170* ISO' 170* 160* ISO" J40*
SO' 20* \ X* 0" 10" 20* 5°1_ 40*
I4O* ISO* 160* 170" ISO* 170* 160* ISO* 140*
JO* 20* 10* 0"
I9O2
APRIL
+0" ISO* 160" '70* 160 170 160 150 140
140* ISO* 160* 170' 160 170' 160 ISO 140
50* 20* -10* 0 10* 20* 30' 40*
30' 20 10 0 10* 20 30 40
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
APRIL 3 I9O2 APRIL
50" 160" 170 180 170 160 ISO
30" 20" 10" O" 10" 20' 3O" 4O"
140" ISO' 160" 170" ISO" 170" 160" ISO'
30" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 30" 40"
I9O2
APRIL
5 1902
APRIL
I4O" ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170" ISO" ISO" 140"
IK?
For explanation see Key iua/p
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
APRIL 7 1903 APRIL
I4O' ISO' 160' 170' .80' HO 160 ISO
30' 20' x 10' 0' 10' 20' 3O'
160 170 IBO 170 160 150
30' 2O"
O' 10' 20' _ 3O'
I9O2
APRIL
I9O2
APRIL
10
140' ISO" ISO' 170' 160' '.70' 160' 150'
50' 20 10 0 10' 20 30
140" ISO 160 170 180
JO* 20" 10" 0" 2O' 3O*
For explma,tioTi sec K*> m*.p
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
APRIL II 1902 APRIL
12
1+0° ISO" 160' 170'
40" 30° 20" ' ^DlO" O'
140* ISO" 160" 170' ISO" 170" 160" 150'
4O° 30" 20" 10° O" 10" 20° 30*
1902
APRIL
13 I9O2
APRIL
140" ISO" 160* 170* !60" 170" 160" ISO'
40" SO' 20° 10" 0* 10" 20" 30" 40"
SO" 160" 170" 160" 170" 160" ISO*
4O* 30° 20° 10° 0° 10° 20* 30° 40°
For explanation see Key map
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
APRIL 15 1902 APRIL
16
140* ISO' 160" 170" 180' 170' 160* ISO*
140* ISO* 160" 170" 180' 170* 160* ISO"
0" 20' 30'
30' 20* 10* 0*
isoa
APRIL
17 I9O2
APRIL
ISO' 170 160 170' 160 ISO'
140' ISO' 160' 170 <jeO 170 160 ISO 140
10" 20' 30'
30' 20' 10 0 10 20 30' 40
For expla.na.tion see Key m«,p
NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
APRIL 19 1902 APRIL
20
140* ISO" 160° 170*
30" 20" OlO" O° 10" 20° 30*
1902
APRIL
21 I9O2
APRIL
22
140" ISO* ISO* 170" 180" 170 160 ISO 140"
4O" 30" 20" 10" 0" 10* 20" 30'
1*0" ISO* 160" 170* 160* 170* 160* ISO" 140"
30* 40"
For expla-na/tion see Key ma/p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
APRIL 23 I9O2 APRIL
SO' 20* 10' O* 10' 20' 30'
50' tOV 10 O' 10' V 20' 30'
40'
1902
APRIL
25 I9O2
APRIL
4O' ISO* 160" 170 180' 170 160 ISO 140'
14O' ISO' 160' 170' 160' 170 160 ISO
10! 0' 10' 20'
For explanation see Key ma.p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
APRIL 27 1902 APRIL
28
1902
APR I L
29 I9O2
APRIL
30
iso' tea' no' 180" no' ieo" iso" 140"
40" 3O' 20' 10" O" 10' 20" 30"
140" ISO" 160" 170" 160" 170" 160" ISO"
30" 20" 10" 0" 10* '"0 20* 30*
For explanation see Key m&p
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MAY I 1902 MAY
140* ISO' ISO' 170' 180' 170' 180 ISO'
1*0' ISO' 160' 170' 180
40'
30' 20' 10' 0'
1902
M AY
3 1902
IY1 AY
140' ISO' 160'
140' ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' ISO' ISO'
30' 20' 10' 0' 10' 20' 30'
30' 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 30' 4O'
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE TOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MAN 5 1902 MAY
140* I5Q* 160* 170* 180* 170* 160* ISO' 140*
3O' 40'
1*0' ISO" ISO* 170" ISO'
30* 20* 10" 0" 10' 20* 30
1902
MAY
7 1902
MAY
1+0 150 160 170 160 170 160 ISO
140" 150" 160" 170 — 160 170 160 ISO 140
For explanation see Key map.
I9O2
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MAY 9 1902 MAY
10
I4O* ISO* 160' c. '70J <80' 170' 160 ISO
20' 10' 0" 10' 20' 30'
SO' 20' 10
1902
MAY
I4O" ISO" 160' 170' 100* 170 160 150
4O 160 170
40' 30' 20' 10 O 10 20 30' 4O
«0' SO' 2O' I0i 0 10 20 4O
For explnn&tion see Key m«.p
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MAY 13 1902 MAY
1+0" ISO" 160" 170' ISO" 170" 160
30* 20* 10* 0" 10* 20* 3O* 40*
140" 150" 160" 170 ISO 170 160 ISO 140
30" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 30"
1902
M AY
15 I9O2
MAY
16
I4O* ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170" 160" ISO" 140"
3O" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 30* 40"
140" ISO" 160" . Iffl 160 170" 160 ISO
30* 20" 10" 0" 10" 20* 30 40
For expla.na,tion see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
I9O2
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MAY 17 I9O2 MAY
18
140" ISO" (60* I7O*> * ISO* 170" 160* 150*
140"
ai
no
30' 20" ° 10" O" 10" 20* 30' 40"
3O* 20" 10* O* 10' 20" 30* 40"
1902
MAY
19 1902
MAY
20
I4O" ISO* 160" I7O" IBO" 170" ISO* ISO"
4O* 30" 20" ° 10" 'V->O' IP* 20" JO" 40"
140" ISO" 160" 170'
40" 30' 20" 10" 0* I0"« »20" 30" 40"
For explana-tion see Key ma/p
I9O2
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MAY 21 I9O2 MAY
22
1*0" ISO" 160' 170' 160' 170' ISO' ISO' 140'
SO' 20' '.. 10' 0* 10' 20' 30' 40°
140* ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO'
30' 20'
0* 10' 20' 30*
1902
M AY
23 1902
MAY
24
I4O' ISO' 160' 170* ISO' 170' 160' ISO' 140"
30' 20'
140" ISO" ISO* 170" 180" 170" ISO" ISO" 140"
3O" 20'
-:9 b" 10" 20* 30*
For expl ana/lion see Key m&p
I9O2
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MAY 25 I9O2 MAY
26
I4O" ISO" 160' 170" ISO' 170 160
SO' 20' 10' 0' 10' 20' 30" «0
1*0 ISO 160
40"
SO" 2O" 10" O" 10" 20" SO" 4O"
1902
MAY
27 1902
MAY
For explanation see Key m&p
I9O2
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
M AY 29 I9O2 MAY
30
I4O* ISO' 160* 170 ISO 170 160 ISO 140*
SO' 20'
14O* ISO* 160* 170" 180' 170" 160* ISO' 140*
30' 20*
MAY
31 1902
JUNE
140* ISO* 160" 170* 160* 170* 160" ISO*
30" 40*
140* ISO* 160" 170" 160" 170* 160*
. •
For explanation see Key ma/p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JUNE 2I9O2 JUNE
1+0* ISO' 160" 170 ISO 170 160 150
30' 20* 10' O" 10' 20' JO"
3O* 20" '10" O" 10" 20" 3O"
40"
1902
JUNE
4- I9O2
JUNE
140* ISO" 160" 170 160 170 160 ISO
For explanation set Key
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.MT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JUNE 6 I9O2 JUNE
1+0' ISO' 160' 170* 180' 170' 160 ISO
3O" 20" 10° 0°
20" 30"
140 ISO 160 170 ISO 170 160 150
1902
JUNE
8 1902
JUNE
140* ISO' 160' 170' 180" 170' 160' ISO"
30' 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 30"
40"
140* ISO* 160" 170" 160" 170" 160" ISO"
JO
3O" 20" 10" 0* 10" 20" 30"
For expla.na.lion see Key ma/p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JUNE 10 1902 JUNE
II
150' ISO' 170' 160" 170' 180' ISO'
140' ISO' 160' 170' 180'
1902
JUNE
12 1902
JUNE
13
140' ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO' 140'
SO" 20" 10" 0" IO'0'J^O''gtr 30* 40*
40' ISO' ISO' 170' 160' 170" 160 ISO' 140'
30' 30' W
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JUNE 14- 1902 JUNE
15
I4O* ISO" ISO' 170" 180* r?0" 160* ISO*
140° ISO" ISO" 170" 180' 170" 160" ISO"
ISO1
30" 20" I0f 0'
3O" 20' OjO" 0" 10" 20" 3O"
1902
JUNE
16 1902
JUNE
17
id
30' 20' 10' 0" 10" 20" 30" 40"
1+0° ISO" 160" 170 ISO 170 160 ISO 140
1^7 •«
< V .
HIGH 6S • o
"&/
^/«
30' °f 20' 10" 0 10 20 50" 40
For explanation see Key
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JUNE 18 1902 JUNE
19
iso' ISP* i7o' IBP', ; ; ao' i«o' iso
SO" 20
0' 10" 20" 50' 40'
140" ISO" 160" 'TO' :80" ,70." 160
»
30' 20' 10" 0' 10' 20' 30'
1902
JUNE
20 1902
JUNE
21
140' ISO' 160' 170* 160' 170' N _ 160* ISO" 140"
40' SO' 20' °0 •" IDS 5s 10' 20" 30'
140' ISO" 160' 170' 160' no' 160* ISO'
w
30' 20" 10* 0"
For expliuna.taon see Key nia.p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JUNE 22 I9O2 JUNE
23
30" 20* 10" 0° 10" 20 30
30" 2O" feflO"
10' 20' 30"
1902
JUNE
24 I9O2
JUNE
25
140' ISO' ISO' 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO'
40' SO' 20' "O 10" 0* 10' 20' 30'
140' ISO* 160* 170* ^ 160* 170* 160* ISO" r40*
4O" 30" 20" ° 10" 0" 10* 20* 30" 40'
For explanation see Key tna/p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
I9O2
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JUNE 26 1902 JUNE
1902
JUNE
28 1902
JUNE
29
I4O' ISO' 160' 170' „ 160' OO' 160' 150'
SO' 20' 10' 0' 10' 20' 30'
1*0' ISO' ISO' 170' I6O' 170' ISO' ISO* 140'
, / I t »
,0»f- U
V .N *'
40' 30'
For expl«.na,tion see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JUNE 30 1902 JULY
4Q* ISO' 160* 170' ISO* r?0* 160 ISO* 140*
30" 20" «3*tO* 0" ! 0 * 20' 30' 40*
140° 150* ISO" 170 ISO* 170 160 ISO 140
10' 20' 30'
1902
JULY
2 1902
J ULY
SO' 20" 10' O" 10" 20" 30" 40"
14-0" ISO" 160" 170* 160* 170" ISO* ISO"
SO" 20' » 10" 0" 10" 20" 30*
For expln.na.tion see Key m&p
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JOJULY 4 1902 JULY
4O* ISO" 160" ITtl \*-~rBO 170 160 ISO 140
140" 160' 170' 180' 170 160 ISO 140
JO' 20' 1C" 0- 10' 20' 30"
30' 20' 10 0 10* 20 30 40
1902
JULY
6 1902
JULY
For explanation see Key ma.p
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JULY 6 I9O2 JULY
i40° iso' 160' i7o' ISP' no* iso iso
10' 20' SO' 40'
140' ISO* 160' 170", 180 170 160 ISO
30' 20' 10' 0' 10" 20" 3O"
1902
JULY
10 1902
JULY
II
ISO* 160* 170* 180* 170" 160'
30" 20" 10" 0* 10" 20" 30"
140* ISO" 160" 170* I8O" 170* 160 ISO 140"
30" 20" 10" 0* 10* 20" 30" 40"
For explanation see Key ma/p
NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JULY 121902 JULY
13
I4O" ISO" 160" 170" ISO" 170" 160 ISO
I4O ISO" 160" 170 g j)80 170 160 ISO 140*
«
30' 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 3O' 40'
40'
JO' 20' 10* O* 10' 20' 3O"
I9O2
JULY
14- 1902
JULY
4O' ISO* 160' 170* iBO 170' 160 ISO 140 I
140 160 170 I5O 140
30' 20" 10 O 10 20 30 40
4O" 3O' 20 10 0
10 20 30
For expla.na.lion see Key
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JULY 16 1902 JULY
17
so
4O" 3O* 20"
!4O' ISO" 160" 170' ISO" 170" 160 ISO
4O" 30" 20" U0 10* 0* 10" 20" 30"
1902
J U LY
18 1902
J ULY
19
3O" 20"
1+0"
30" 20' 10" 0'
For explanation see Key map
I9O2
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
J U LY 20 I9O2 J U LY
I4O* ISO* ISO' '70 160 170 160 ISO
I4O 150 160 I7O ISO 170 I6O ISO 140
30' 20' '10' 0' 10'
3O* 20' 10 0 10" 20 30
I90E
J U UY
22 1902
JULY
23
I+O' ISO' ISO' 170' ISO' 170' 160' ISO'
30' 20" 10" 0* 10" 20' 30*
140" ISO
SO" JO' 10* O" 10" 20' 30
For explanation see Key m».p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE TOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JULY 24- 1902 JULY
25
140*
3O 20 10 0 10 20 30
1*0" ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170" ISO*
Iff" 0" 10" 20" 30"
1902
J U LY
26 1902
J ULY
27
1*0* ISO* ISO* 170* , .160* 170" 160 ISO 140"
ISO
140* 150* 160" 170" 160" 170" 160" ISO" 140"
0" 20" 30"
For explanation see Key ma/p
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JULY 28 1902 JULY
29
I4O" ISO" ISO' 170' IBO" 170' 180 ISO
3O* 20" 10" 0* 10" 20" 3O" 40"
40* 30" 20" 10* 0* 10" 20 30
1902
J ULY
30 1902
J U LY
31
140* ISO* 160' IJP* 160* '70* '60* ISO* 140*
SO" 20" 10* 0" 1 0 * 20* 30*
1*0* ISO" 160"
160 170 160 _ ISO
SO" 20* 10* 0" 10* 20" 3O
For explana-tion see Key m»/p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
I9O2
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
AUGUST 1 I9OE AUGUST
4O" ISO" 160' 170' ISO' 170' 160 ISO 140'
HO
30" 20" 10* 0" 10" 20" 30" 40°
140" ISO" 160" ^ 170" ISO' 170" 160 ISO"
1902
AU G U ST
3 1902
AU G U ST
140' ISO" 160
30' 20" 10* 0'
I4O* ISO" 160" 170" 160" 170" 160" ISO"
0* 10* ZVS 30"
For explanation see Key map
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WIMOS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
AUGUST 5 1902 AUGUST
I4O' ISO' ISO' 170' 160' 'TO' 180* ISO'
140' ISO' ISO' 170'
SO' 20' 10* 0' 10' 20' 3O'
30' 20' 0' o' 10
I9O2
AUGUST
I 1902
AU GUST
140' ISO' 160' 170' 160' 170' 160' ISO' 140'
30" 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 30'
I4O" ISO* ISO" 170* 160* 170" 160* ISO* 140*
SO" 20" 10" 0* 10" 20" 30* 40"
For explanation see Key map
NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
AUGUST 9 I90Z AUGUST
10
;,
ISO" 160*
50" 26* 10* O" 10" ~C\£Q' 30*
30' 20' 10" 0
I9O2
AUGUST
I90Z
AUGUST
12
ISO* 160' 170' 18 0' 170' 180' ISO'
2O' 30' 4O'
For expls.na.tion see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
AUGUST 13 1902 AUGUST
I4O ISO ISO 170 J80 170 160 ISO 140
1902
AUGUST
15 1902
AUGUST
16
140' ISO' 160' 170' .pOBO' 170* 160* ISO* 140'
SO' 20' IDS O' 10' 20' 30' 40'
I4O' ISO' 160' ^170' 160' !70* 160* ISO'
For explanation see Key m«.p
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CM T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
AUGUST 17 1902 AUGUST
18
1+0' ISO' 160" 170* ISO 170 180 ISO
4O* 30* 20* 10* 0 10 20 30
140 ISO
30' 20' 10' 0" 10 20 30
I9O2
AU GUST
. 19 I9O2
AUGUST
20
1+0* ISO' 160' 170'
170' 160' ISO'
3O" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20* 3O"
140" ISO" 160" 170" 160" 170" 160 ISO
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
AUGUST 21 I90E AUGUST
22
140' ISO' 160" 170* ISO' 170* 160 ISO'
I4O' ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 170' 160* ISO'
40' __ 30'
10' 0' 10" 20' 30' 4O'
I90Z
AUGU ST
E3 I9OE
AUGU ST
40' 30' 20
140' ISO"
40' 3O' 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 30' 4O'
For explo.na.tion see Key map
I9O2
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE TOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
AUGUST 25 1902 AUGUST
26
140" ISO* ISO' I70'o> m 180' 170' 160' ISO'
30' 20" 10* 0'
1*0* ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 170' 160 ISO
T
300—,
30' 20'
0" 10' 20° 30'
1902
AUGUST
27 1902
AUGU ST
28
140" ISO* 160' 170' 160' 170* 160' ISO'
3O" 20' 10" 0" 10"
30" 40"
For explanation see Key map
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
AUGUST 29 1902 AUGUST
30
40' ISO' ISO' 170' 180' 170 180 ISO HO
3O* 20" 10" 0" 10* 20" 30"
140 150
20" 30'
1902
AUGUST
31 I9O2
SEPTEMB E.R
140* ISO" 160* tTO" 160* '70' ISO* ISO* 140"
20" f« 30* 40"
140* ISO* 160* 170* 160" 170 160 ISO
30" 20* 10" 0" 10' 20" 30*
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER 2 I90£ SEPTEMBER
140" ISO* 160" 170" 180" 170" 160 150
I4O* ISO* 160" 170 180 170 160 150
30" 20" 10* 0* 10* 20' 30"
1902
SEPTEMBER
4- 1902
SEPTEMB ER
1*0* 150* 160* 170* 180" 170" 160" ISO*
SO" 20" 10" O" 10' ZO' 30"
I4O" ISO" 160* 170* 160' 170' 160* ISO* 140*
4O" 30* 20"
0* 10" 20" 3O"
For explanation see Key ma.p
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER 6 1902 SEPTEMBER
I4O' ISO' 160' 170- 180 150 140
I4CT ISO' 160' 170 .80' 170' 160 130 140'
0 ' 20' 30'
1902
SEPTEMBER
8 1902
SEPTEMBER
1*0' iso' iso'
ieo' iso'
•
30" 20" 10' 0' 10' 20' 3O'
ISO' 160' I7O' 160' 170* 160' ISO*
so' 20' '
o' 10' 20' jo'
For expla.na.tion stt Key ma.p
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER 10 1902 SEPTEMBER
II
ooa
SEPTEMBER
12 1902
SEPTEMBER
13
1+0* ISO* 160" 170* 160' 170' 160' ISO
1+0" ISO" 160* 170" 180" 170* 160 ISO 140*
30' 20' 10' 0' 10'
For explanation see Key m&p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER 14 1902 SEPTEMBER
15
1*0' iso' 160' x .70" ieo' no 190 iso
sol
^•••_ a
^
30" 20' '10' 0" ^S 10' 20' 30' 40'
30" 20* 10" 0" 10" 20* 30' 40*
1902
SEPTEMB ER
16 I9O2
SEPTEMBER
ISO' 160' , 170'
I4O* ISO* 160* r 170' 180 170 160 ISO 140
3O* 20* 101 0" 20' 30"
30" 20" ''O" 0* 10" 2O"
For explana,tion see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER 18 1902 SEPTEMBER
19
ISO' 160' 170' ISO 170 ISO
30" 20* 10" 0" 10" 20" 30"
ISO 160 170 ISO
a
1902
SEPTEMBER
20 I9O2
SEPTEMBER
21
140* iso' iso' i7o' :eo' 170' ieo* iso'
0' 20' 30'
14O' ISO' ISO' .170' 160' 170' 160' ISO*
30" 20* O 10" 0" 10" 20' 50* 40*
For explanation see Key ma/p
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER 22 1902 SEPTEMBER
23
140* ISO' ISO* 170" ISO* 170" 160* 150
»
,-dl
so-
20" 10* 0* 10* 20" 30'
1902
SEPTEMBER
24- 1902
SEPTEM BER
25
1*0* 150* 160* 170* 160" 170* 180* ISO*
HIO
t MICH
30" 20" 10* 0" 10" 20" 30' 40*
ISO' 160* 170" 160" 1 70 160 ISO 140*
40"
so" ao"
Foi rxpl*.na,tion stt Key m«.p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER 26 1902 SEPTEMBER
140* ISO" ISO" 170* ISO* ITO* '60 ISO
30" 20* 68 10* 0" 10" 20* 30
1*0° 150" 160" 170 180 170 160 ISO
50" 20" *V (0° 6S o° l_0_* 20' 30'
1902
SEPTEM BER
28 1902
SEPTEMBER
29
1+0* ISO* 160" 170* 160' 170' 160 150 140"
20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 30*
?
1*0" ISO' 160* 170' 180' 170' 160 ISO
• i I
30' 20' 10' 0* 10' 20' 30'
For «xpl«.n»,tion see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER 3O 1902 OCTOBER
140* ISO" 160* 170" ISO' '70* 160* 1^50* 140'
rd
30" 20* 10" 0" 10* 20' 30* 40'
1*0* ISO' 160' 170" ISO' 110' 160* ISO
1902
OCTOBER
2 1902
OCTOBER
140" ISO" 160" 170* 160* 170* 160* ISO* 140*
40* ISO* 160* 170* 160' i">0" 160* 150*
30* 20* ' IOS 0" 10" 20' 30'
For explanation see Key
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 4- 1902 OCTOBER
30 20 10 0 10 20 30
I90E
OCTOBER
I90Z
0 CTOBE R
140'
ISO' 160' 170' ,,. '.BO' 170' 160' 150'
20' 10' 0' 10' JO' 30' 40'
140' ISO' ISO' 170' IBO' 170' 160' 150' 140'
30" 20* 10" 0" 10" 20" 30'
For explanation see Key
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 8 1902 OCTOBER
140* ISO' ISO' 170" 180' 170" 160 ISO
30" 20' 10' 0* 10' 20' 30'
I4O' ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' 160* ISO*
140'
SO' 20' 10' 0' 10' 20' 30*
1902
OCTOBER
10 1902
OCTOBER
ISO' 160' 170' IBO' 170' 1 80* ISO'
140* ISO* 160* 170* WO' 170' 160' ISO*
30' 20" 10' O* 10' ^0' 30"
jo' ao' io^
For explanation se* Key m«.p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 12 1902 OCTOBER
13
I4O" ISO" ISO' 170* ISO' f70' 160'
30" 20" 10* 0* 10" 20* 30
140" ISO" 160* 170 0 180 170 160 150
« V
&ft3£ LO« h |
299— —-Jr* -. K. Jk- ,
3oo—S5^-^ as - /,
M,GH*\ •
. _ C»J f'-,,
- -\u
» •
IGM \H1GH
3O* 20" 1 0 0" [0*^0^ 20' 30*
1902
OCTOB ER
1902
OCTOBER
IS
I4O* ISO" 160" 170* 160" 170" 160" ISO 140"
20" 30" <0"
ISO" 160" 170* 160" '70* I6O" ISO*
id
f
•
-i
. '
i -^'
SO' 20" IQ)"C<) 0" 10" 20" 30"
For explanttion see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 16 1902 OCTOBER
17
I4Q- ISO' 160' J?0' '80' 170' '60
^
W;
SO* 20" 10" 0* 10" 20" 30"
40 ISO 160 in) I8G
so' 20' 3royb0 o" io' 20' 30"
1902
OCTOBER
OCTOB ER
l*O" 150" 160* 170* 160 i7Q 160 ISO
140" ISO" 160* 170 160" 170 160 ISO'
SO' 20' 101 0* 10" 2O' 30'
For explanation see Key map
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
OCTOBER 20 1902 OCTOBER
21
1*0' ISO* 160' 170* I8O' 170* I6O* ISO'
140'
0" 20° 30'
I4O* ISO* 160" 170* 180* 170' 160* ISO' 140'
30" 20° 10' 0" 10° -V 20^ 30° 40"
1902
OCTOBER
22 1902
OCTOBER
23
140" _ ISO* _ ISO*
160* 170° ___ 160° _ 150^ _ 140*
4Q° SO" 20"
30" 4O"
I4O° ISO" ISO" 170" 160* 170" 160° ISO" 140'
70
30° 20 10° O" 10 20 3O
For explana-tion see Key ma/p.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 24 I9O2 OCTOBER
25
|«0' ISO* 160' 170' 180' 170' 160 ISO'
or
30' 20' "id" O' 10" 2O' 3O' 40'
140* ISO'
3O' 20' IO* O' 10" 20' 30'
I9O2
OCTOBER
26 1902
OCTOBER
27
'
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
i902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 28 1902 OCTOBER
29
1*0° ISO" 160" I7O",, 180° 170" 160* I50C 140*
40" 30'
140" ISO" 160' 170* ISO* 170' 160 ISO'
30" 20-
1902
OCTOBER
30 1902
OCTOBER
31
BO|
140" ISO" 160* 170" ISO* 170* 160° 150°
30" 2O jlO" 0 10" 20 3O*
140" ISO* 160* 170" 160" 170' 160° ISO*
40" 30" aO* 10° O* 10" 20" 30"
For explanation see Key map.
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER I 1902 NOVEMBER
1*0' ISO* ISO' 170' 160* 170' I6O' ISO'
30" 20* 10* 0' 10* 20' 30'
140' ISO" ISO' 170' 180' 170' 180' ISO' 140'
HO
30" 2O' 6/ |O* 5s 10' 20° 3O" 40'
1902
NOVEMBER
3 1902
NOVEMBER
140* 150' 160* 170',. ,180' 170' 160' ISO*
•»O" 30* 2O" *? 10* O" 10" 20" 30"
140' 150" 160' 170' 180' 170' 160* ISO"
140*
Id
JO" 20' 10' O" IO" 20" 3O"
onion
For explanation see Key ma,p
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
NOVEMBER 5 1902 NOVEMBER
140" ISO' 160' 170' m ISO" 170* ISO* ISO' 140'
30' 20° 10* 0* 10' 20' 30' 40'
14O 150 160* 170 I8(r 170 160 ISO 140"
30' 20' ^.10' 0"*'~ 10' 20' 30* 40'
1902
NOVEMBER
NOVEMBER
I4O* ISO* 160* 170* ISO* 170* 160* ISO* 140*
30" 40"
14O* ISO' 160' 170° IBP' 170° I60° ISO' 140'
3O" 20" 10"
10 2O _ 3O
For explanation see Key map.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 9 1903 NOVEMBER
10
140' ISO" 160* 170' 160' 170' 160
JO' 20' 10' O" - 10' 20" 3O' 40'
ISO' 160' 170* . I6O* 170* 160' ISO*
JO'
40' SO' 20' 10' O* 10" 20' 40"
1902
NOVEMBER
II 1903
NOVEMBER
140 ISO 160' 170' I8O' 170" 160 140"
I4O' ISO' 160' 170 180' 170 160 ISO 140"
40 3O 20
0 10 20" SO" 4O
2O IO • O e' 10 2O
Kuth \
For explanation see Key map.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
NOVEMBER 13 1902 NOVEMBER
14
140" ISO* 160" 170V ISO6 170* I6O ISO
140 ISO" 160" 170 ISO 170 160 ISO
150
30' 20° 10° 0%p',,p310.|i •£ 20' 30'
1903
NOVEMBER
15 1902
NOVEMBER
16
HO* ISO* 160* 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO0 IfO
140° ISO' 160' 170' 180* 170' 160° ISO"
For explanation see Key map.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 17 1902 NOVEMBER
18
140* ISO* 160* 170* . 180' 170' 160 ISO'
1*0' ISO' ISO' 170' lap* 170' 160' ISO* 140'
4O' 30'
1902
NOVEMBER
19 1902
NOVEMBER
140 ISO' 160' 170 180- 170 160
140* ISO' 160* 170 ISO* 170 160' ISO' 140'
4O 3O 2O IO O IO 2O
20" 10 O IO 3O 30
For expla.na,tion see Key map.
I90Z
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 21 I9O2 NOVEMBER
SO* ISO" 170' ISO* 170' 160* ISO*
30° 20° 10* O* 10* 20* iO*
I4O* ISO* 160* 170* ISO' 170* 160' ISO* 140*
30* 20° 10° 0* 10* 2O* 30°
I90Z
NOVEMBER
23 I9OZ
N OVEM BER
24-
150 ISO 170 ISO 170 160 ISO
«0 30 20* 10* 0* 10' 20* 50'
I4O* ISO* 160* 170* I
4O* 30' 20' 10* O° 10" 2O 30 JO
For expla.na.tion see Key map.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
I90E
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 25 I9O2 NOVEMBER
I«O' ISO* 160* 170' 180" 170' 160 ISO' 140'
40° 30' 20" 10* 0'
140' ISO' 160' 170*
uo"
SO' 20' 10' 0" 10" 20' 30' 40'
I90E
NOVEMBER
I4O" ISO' I6O' 170 ISO" 170 160 ISO' I401
•
For explana-tion see Key map.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
I9O2
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
NOVEMBER 29 I9O2 NOVEMBER
30
140' ISO* 160* 170* JBO 170' 160 150° 140'
30' 20' ',0' O' 10' 20' 30'
I4O* ISO* ISO* 170' ISO* 170* 160' ISO'
1+0'
00
60
40°
30' 20* 10' O'
I4O" ISO' 160° 170, m 180 170 160' ISO
For explanation see Key map.
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 3 1902 DECEMBER
I4O* ISO* 160" 170 , I8CT 170 160 150
I4O* ISO* 160* 170' ISO* 170* 180* ISO* 140*
I9O2
DECEMBER
5 1902
DECEMBER
1*0* ISO 160* 170 180* 170 160 ISO* 140*
30* 20' IO* O" 10* 20* 3O* 40*
140' ISO* 160* 170* 180* 170* 160* ISO* 140
SO" 2CT 10' O* 10* HO' 30
Huth, London
For explanation see Key map
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
DECEMBER ~l I9O2 DECEMBER
40" 30' 20' 10* 0' iO' 20
i«o* iso* iso* iTO* leo* 170* ieo* iso*
20° 10° 0* 10" 20" 30*
1902
DECEMBER
9 1902
DECEMBER
10
14O ISO \&0 170 ISO 170 160 ISO 140*
0* 2O* i 30*
I4O" ISO* 160* 170' 180' 170" 160' ISO"
3O" 20* 10" 0* 10" 20* 30
For explanation see Key map.
I90E
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER II 1902 DECEMBER
12
30* 20* 10'
I4O' ISO*
SO" 20' 10' 0' ICT 20' id' 40'
I9O2
DECEM B E R
13 1902
DECEMBE R
14-
I4O* ISO* 160* 170' ISO' 170* I6O* ISO*
SO' 40'
I4O' ISO* I6O' 170* 180' 170' 160' ISO'
For expl«.nit ion see Key map.
I9O2
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
DECEMBER 15 I9O2 DECEMBER
16
160 I7O 180 170 160 ISO
40" 30* 20" *P* 10* O" 10" 20" 30*
ISO' 160* 170' IBO* 170" 160" 150"
3O" 20* 10
1902
DECE M B E R
17 1902
DECEMBER
18
HO' ISO' ISO' 170' 160* 170* 160° ISO'
10 0 10 20" 30" 4O"
.0" 40"
For explanation see Key map.
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 19 1902 DECEMBER
1902
DECEMBER
21 1902
DECEMB E R
I*O" ISO 160 170 180" nO- I60- ISO'
Hut,h, I
For explana-tion see Key map
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
DECEMBER 23 \9OZ DECEMBER
24-
140' ISO" 160" 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO' 140
I4O ISO" 160" 170 J80^ 170 160 ISO 140"
40" 30° 20* 10" O"
30" 20
190Z
DECEMBER
Z5 1902
DECEMBER
26
140" ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170" 160" ISO"
BO
lid
so" 20"
30" 40"
140" ISO' 160"
;0" 20" $3 10" O" 10" 20 30
For explanation see Key map
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER Z7 I9OE DECEMBER
140* ISO' 160' 170' 180" 170' 160* ISO'
40* 30' 20' 10" 0* 10' 20* 30' 40'
I4O* ISO' 160' 170* ISO* 170' 160* ISO* 140'
30' 20' 10' O" 10" 20' 30'
1902
DECEMBER
29 I90Z
DECEMBER
30
150' 160' 170' 180' 170' 160* ISO* 140"
SO* 20' 10' O* 10" 2O' 30"
I4O" ISO" 160" I7(T ISO* 170* 160*
4O' 3O" 20 IO" 0" 10" 2O
For explanation see Key map.
1902
• INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 31 1303 JANUARY
30' 20^. ' 10° O 10 20 30
1903
JANUARY
2 1903
JANUARY
I7O' 160' 150°
140* ISO' 160' 170* ISO* 170* ISO' ISO*
un"
140'
10" 20° 30'
For explana/ticm see Key ma,p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 4- I9O3 JANUARY
140° ISO" 160* 170* ISO* 170* 160* ISO* 140*
30" 20*" 10* 0" 10* 20" 30* 40"
140* ISO* 160" 170" ISO 170 ISO ISO 140"
30' 20* 10" 0" 10" 20" 3O'
1903
JANUARY
140* iSO* 160" 170 I BO 170 160 150
I4O" ISO' 160' 170 ISO' 170 160
30* 20" 10 O 10" 20" 30
30 20 10 0 10 20 30
For explanation see Key map
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 8 1903 JANUARY
I4O" ISO' ISO' 170* 180' 170' ISO ISO
30" 20" 6*IO" O" 10" 20' 30' 40
160 170 160 170 ISO
40" 30" 20" 6JIO" O" 10" 20° 30' 40
1903
JAN U AR Y
10 1903
JAN UARY
1+0" ISO" 160" 170* „ ISO* 170* 160 ISO* 140*
3O" 20" 10" O" 10* 20* 30" 40'
140" ISO' 160' 170 160 170 160 ISO
SO' 20' 10" O'
For explanation see Key ma/p.
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 12 1903 JANUARY
13
140* ISO" 160' 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO'
10' 20' 30"
1*0' ISO' ISO" 170' 160' 170' 160' ISO
30" 20" 10" 0* 10" 20' 3O" 40"
1903
JAN UARY
14- 1903
JAN UARY
15
I4O" ISO" 160* 170" 160" 170" 160" ISO"
SO" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 30"
140' ISO* 160' 170" IgO" 170" 160" ISO"
3O* 20* 10* O" 1O" 20* 30*^
For expla,na-t/ion see Key ma/p.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G. M T .
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 16 1903 JANUARY
17
30" 20" 10° 0" 10" 20" 30° 40°
140° ISO" 160° 170" 180 170 160 ISO
!0
30' 20" 10° 0" 10' 20' 30" 40"
1903
JANUARY
18 1903
JANUARY
19
I4O' ISO" 160" 170" 180° I7O" 160" ISO" 140'
140* ISO" 160" 170" ISO" 170" 160° ISO'
30" 20" 10" O" KT 28^ 30"
3O" 20" 10" 0" 10° 20° 30'
For explanation see Key map.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 20 1903 JANUARY
21
I4O' ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO' 140'
40' 30" 2O' 10° O' 10' 20' 30' 40'
140' ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 70' i80' ISO' 140'
»0 30' 20' 10' 0' 10
30' 40'
1903
JANUARY
32 1903
JANUARY
23
140' ISO' ISO* 170' ISO' 170' 160' ISO*
30' 20' 10' 0' 10' 20* 3O"
3O* 20* 10" O" 10* 20* 30* 40'
For expla-na-t ion see Key ma,p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 24 1903 JANUARY
25
4O* ISO' 160* 170" 160' 170' 160' ISO' 140'
SO' 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 30' 40'
I4O' ISO'
60' 170 180 170 160 ISO' 140'
1903
JANUARY
26 1903
JAN UARY
27
60
40' SO' 20' 10' O* 10' 20' 30' 40'
140' ISO' ISO'
30" 20" 10" 0* 10* 20' 30" 4O"
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 28 1903 JANUARY
29
I4O" ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170" 160 ISO 140"
30" 40"
I4O" ISO" 160" '70" IBO" 170 ISO ISO 140"
30" 20" 10"
1903
JAN UARY
4O" ISO" 160" 170 180" 170" 160" ISO 140
4O" ISO" 160" 170 180 170 ISO ISO 140
30" 20" 10" 0 10" 20" 30"
For explanation see Key m«.]>
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
I9O3
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY I 1903 FEBRUARY
70* 160* ISO'
30' 20' 10" 0* 10" 20' 30'
1903
FEBRUARY
3 1903
FEBRUARY
60* ISO*
140* ISO* 150* 170* 180' 170* 160* ISO*
40' 30' SO' 10* O" \0' 2? 30" 40"
40° 30" 20' 10' 0' 10* 20' 3O' 40'
For explanaA icm see Key ma/p.
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 5 I9O3 FEBRUARY
140" ISO* 160* 170* 180 170 160 ISO
I9O3
FEBRUARY
7 1903
FEBRUARY
140' .50' 160* 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO' 140'
3D" 40"
140" ISO' ISO' 170' ISO' i70' 160' ISO'
30' 20' 6 ^10' 0' 10' 20' SO"
For expl«.na.t ion see Key map
NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
I9O3
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 9 I9O3 FEBRUARY
IO
1*0' ISO" 160' 170° 180' 170' 160 ISO'
3O" 20' 10' 0' 10' 20' 30'
40'
140' ISO' 160' 170°
1903
FEBRUARY
II I9O3
FEBRUARY
12
1*0' ISO* ISO' 170" ISO" 170" l«0* ISO* 140"
30' 20' 10' O' 10" 20" 30"
140* ISO' ISO' 170" 180' 170' ISO* ISO'
140'
30" 20' 10" O" 10" 20* 3O"
For explana/tion see Key map.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 13 1903 FEBRUARY
14
1+0* ISO 160* 170 160 |70 I6O 150
10* 0" 10' 20" 30'
3O* 20' 10* 0* 10' 20' 30*
I9O3
FEBRUARY
15 1903
FEBRUARY
IS
1*0" ISO' 160' 170' 160' 170* 160' 150'
20' 10' 0* 10" 20' 30' 40'
I4O' ISO' 160' ^170' 180 170 160 150
40' 30" 20' 10' 0" 10' 20' 30'
For expla.na.tion see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 17 I9O3 FEBRUARY
18
1*0' ISO' ISO' 170' 160' 170' 160' 180'
SO' 20' 10* 0* 10' 20' 30'
140'
50 ISO' , 170 180' 170' 160 ISO'
20' 10 0 10 20 30" 40
1903
FEBRUARY
19 I9O3
FEBRUARY
20
For expl an action see Key map
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 21 I9O3 FEBRUARY
22
140' ISO' 160" '70 ISO no 160
30" 10" 0 10 20 30
I9O3
FEBRUARY
23 I9O3
FEBRUARY
24
20' I 10' 0- 10' 20' 30' 40'
For explana-tion see Key ma]'
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 25 1903 FEBRUARY
40"
30' 20" \IO" 0" 10' 20° 30"
140* ISO* ISO* 170* 180* 170' 160* ISO' 140"
40* SO'
I9O3
FEBRUARY
27 1903
FEBRUARY
28
14O* ISO* 160" 170" 180" 170" 160" ISO" 140°
ISO* 160" 170* ISO" 170" 160* ISO'
140"
30' 20"
0" 10* 20' 30' 40'
30" 20' 10' 0" 10" 20" 30*
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH I I9O3 MARCH
I4O' ISO' 160' IX)' ISO' 170' 160' ISO' 140*
I*?
so*
30' 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 30' 40'
140* ISO' ISO' 170' IBO' 10' .60' ISO' l«0'
00
40' 30' 20' 10' 0' 10' 20* 3O' 40'
I9O3
MARCH
3 I9O3
MARC H
140' ISO' 160' 170' IBO' 170' 160' 1 50 140'
40' 30' 20' 10' O' 10' 20" 30' 40'
4O' ISO' ISO' 170' IBO' 170' 1«O' 150' 140'
40' 30' 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 3O' 4O
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
MARCH 5 1903 MARCH
1+0° !jO° 160* 170* 180* 170' 160* 150° 140*
30' 20' 10° 0° 10° 20° 30° 40°
140° 150° 160° 170° 180° 170' 160° ISO' 140°
50° 20° 10° 0* 10° 20' 3O° 40°
I9O3
MARCH
7 1903
MARCH
1+0* ISO" IED° 170° 180° 170° 160 150°
For explanation see Key ma/p.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 9 1903 MARCH
10
1*0* ISO' 160* 170' 180' 170 160 150
L_
30" 20" 10" O" 10' 20' 30*
150 160
3O" 20' 10" 0" 10* 20" 30"
1903
MARCH
40" ISO" 160" 170 ISO' 170" 160 ISO'
30 20 10 0 10 20 30
3O 2O IO O 10 20 30
For explanation see Key map
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 13 1903 MARCH
I4O" ISO' 160" 170* ISO' 170' 160 ISO
30" 20* 10" 0" 10" 20' 30"
140 ISO 160 170 180 170 160 ISO
10
30" 20"
1903
MARCH
I9O3
MARCH
16
1*0" ISO" 160" 170" 180' 170" l«0" ISO
SO" 20" 10" O" 10" 20" 3O" 40"
140" ISO" 160" 170 160 170 160 ISO 140
»
00
4O" 30" 20" 10" O" 10" 20" 30" 40
For explanation see Key map
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 17 1903 MARCH
18
I4O" ISO" 160* 170' ISO' 170' 160* ISO'
XvJ
.0* O" 10" 20' 30"
40" ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170" 160* ISO" ,40'
4O" 30' 20" 10" 0" 10" 20' 3O* 40"
I9O3
MARCH
19 I9O3
MARCH
20
I4O" ISO" 160" 170" 180' 170" I60" ISO" 140"
4O' 30' 20" 10* 0" 10" 20' 30' 40'
I4O' ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170" l«0" ISO'
150
30" 20" 10" O" 10" 20' 30"
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 31 I9O3 MARCH
22
140* 130" 160* i7Q* iso' no' ijj»o iso L1Q.*-
140* 150° 160* 170 ISO 170 160 ISO
30° 20° 10" 0° 10" 20" 3O° 40
1903
MARCH
83 I9O3
MARCH
24-
I4O' ISO* 160' 170' 160' 170* 160* ISO*
30' 20' 10° o' 10* ae* so*
140* 150° 160* 170* 180 170 160 ISO
30* 20' 10' O" 10* 20* 30" 40*
For explanation see Key map
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 35 I9O3 MARCH
140' ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 170" 160 ISO
10' 20' 30*
140* ISO 160 170 180 170 160
30" 20" 10' O' 10" 20' 3O" 40'
I9O3
MARCH
27 I9O3
MARCH
28
140* ISO* 160* 170' ISO* '70* 160 ISO 140*
3O* 20" 10" O" 10* 20' 30"
1+0 150 160
OT
JO" 20" 10' O' 10" 20 30 4O
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 29 I9O3 MARCH
30
140" ISO" 160" 170* 180* 170* 160* ISO'
SO* 20* 10* O" 10* 20* 30* 4O*
1*0' ISO" 160* 170* ISO" 170* ISO*
SO* 20* 10" 0" 10" 20' 30" 40*
• 9O3
MARC H
31 1903
APRI L
I4O* ISO" 160"
30* 20" 10* 7J*
140' ISO* 160* 170* 180* 170' 160°
140*
40" SO* 20* 10* 0* 10* 20* 30*
For explanation see Key map
NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
APRIL 2 I9O3 APRIL
I4O" ISO' ISO' 170' 190' 170' ISO' ISO' KO'
20" 10* 0* 10" 20' 3O' 4O
I4O" ISO
40" 30' 20" 10' O' 20 30
I9O3
APRIL
4 1903
APRIL
140' ISO' ISO' 170 180' 170" ISO
30' 10 O 10 20 JO
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
APRIL 6 1903 APRIL
1+0* 130' 160' 170' 180' 170' ISO' ISO"
140'
50
30' 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 30' 40*
140' ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 170' 160'
30 20' 10 0 10 20 JO'
903
APRIL
8 1903
APRIL
140' ISO' 160' 170' 160' I7O' 160' 150° 140'
30' 20' 10' 0' 10s I? 3O'
140' ISO' 160' 170*
30' 20° 10' O' 10' 20' 3O' 40'
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
1903
APRIL
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
10 1903
APRIL
70 ISO 170 160
I4O" ISO" 160* 170* ISO 170" 160 ISO" 140
JO' 20" 10 O" 10" 20" 30"
10" 20" 30' 4O"
I9O3
APRIL
1903
APRIL
13
I4O* ISO* 160* 170 IBO i70 1 60 ISO 140'
For explanation see Key map
'903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
APRIL 14 I9O3 APRIL
30' 20" 10 0 10 20 30
SO 2O 10 O 10 20 30
'90S
APRIL
70 ISO ISO 140'
iso iso" (70 ISO- no ieo iso 140'
30 20 10 O 10 20 3O'
30 20 10
For explnnaut ion see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
190.3
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
APRIL 18 I9O3 APRIL
19
1+0" ISO" 160" 170* 160* 170" 160 ISO"
SO" 20" '» \0" O* 10" 20" 30' 40"
1*0" ISO* 160" ITO
9(3
30' 20' 10* 0" 10" 20' SO"
1903
APRIL
ZO 1903
APRIL
^\
140" ISO" 160" 110* 180" 170" I6O'
3O" 20" 10" O" IO" 20" 30*
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
APRIL 2a 1903 APRIL
140" IjO" 160" 170" ISO* 17Q' 160 ISO
A ? *
0' " 20° 30"
140" ISO" 160" 170 180 170 160 150
00
I9O3
APRIL
24 1903
APRIL
50" 160" 170" 180° I7O" 1 60" 150° 140°
|40* I5Q* ISO* 170°. ISO* 170* 160° 150°
For explanaA ion see Key map
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
APRIL 26 1903 APRIL
1+0' ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' ISO ISO"
30' 20' 10' 0' 10' 20' 3O'
I4O* ISO* 160' ^ 170' J80' 170' 160' ISO'
40' 30' 20' 10' 0' IO' 20" 30' 40'
1903
APRIL
aa 1903
APRIL
140' ISO' 160' 170' ISO' i70' 160' ISO*
>
30' 20' 10' 0* 10' 20* 3O"
140' ISO' ISO' 170' ISO' 170' 160* ISO' 140'
v;" 20" 10' 0* 10" 20" 30"
40'
expl«,na.t ion see Key ma,p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
I9CK
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
APRIL 30 1903 MAY
l70' l60' ISO' 140"
10" 20" 30"
140' ISO' 160' > 170' ,180' 170" 160' ISO'
30' 20^ 6f*0° 0" 10' 20' 30*
1903
MAY
1903
MAY
1*0" tSO" 160" 170" ISO* 170" 160" ISO
30" 20" 10" O" 10" 20" 3O" 40"
140" ISO" 160' 170" • #0' 170" 160" ISO* 140"
* '^,c
3O* 20" IO" O" 2C° 30* 40*
For explanation see Key map.
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MAY 4 I9O3 MAY
ISO 160 170 180 170 160 ISO
40* ISO" 160* 170* 180' ,70' 160 i50'
0' O' 10' 20' 30'
30' 20- 10' O' 1C" 20' 30'
1903
MAY
6 1903
MAY
I4O ISO 160 ft jv 160
1*O* ISO' 160" 170" 180 170 100* 150
•" -^
30 20 10 O" 10 20' 30' 40'
For explanation see Key map
903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MAY 8 1903 MAY
160' 170' ISO 110 160
40 160 I/O ISO 170 160 150 140
JO' 20 10 0° 10 20 30'
1903
MAY
10 1903
MAY
30' 10' 10' 0" KT 2? 30'
40'
3O" 20° \Q~' 0* 10" 20" 3O"
For explanation 5ee Key map
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MAY 12 1903 MAY
1903
MAY
14O" ISO* 160" r 170 -j 180 >70 160 150
+O ISO 160 170 "BO 170 '60 '50
10' 20' 30" 40'
JO' 20' 10 O 10 20 30
For expl a,na.t ion see Key
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
I9O3
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOP NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MAY 16 1903 MAY
17
I4O" ISO' ISO' 170' <BO" 170' 160 ISO 140
4O* SO" 20" 10" 0"
140' ISO" 160' 170 ISO 170 160 ISO
0' 20° 30' 40"
1903
MAY
18 1903
MAY
19
140" ISO" ISO" 170" 180' 170" 160" 130" 140'
30' 20' 10" O" 10" 20" 30'
140" ISO" 160" 170' 180' 170' 160 ISO'
120
3O" 20' 10" 0" 10' 20* 30'
For explanation ace Key map.
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AiR TEMPERATURES
MAY 20 1903 MAY
140* 150" 160* 170' ISO* 170" 160* ISO"
'BO
•
30" 20" 10" O" 10" 20" 30" 4O"
140" ISO" 6C1 :70" IBO" .70" ISO" ISO"
n
>
^.
.
'
SO" 20' 10" 0* 10" 20" 30"
1903
MAY
aa 1903
MAY
I4O* ISO* 160* 170* 180" 170" 160* 150* 140"
led
30" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 30"
!»O" ISO" 160" 170" IgO" 170" 180" ISO'
SO" 20" 10" O" 10" 20" 30"
For explanation see Key map
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MAY 24I9O3 MAY
25
30' 20' 10 CT 10 20 30
I9O3
M AY
26 I9O3
MAY
I4O" ISO" 160* 170" ISO" I7O" 160" 150°
140* ISO" ISO" 170* 180" 170" 160° ISO" 140"
30' 2<r " 10' 0^ ICT 2? 30' 40"
3O" 20" 10 O" 10" 20" 30" 40"
For explanation see Key ma,p
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MAY 28 1903 MAY
0 ISO 160 I7O ISO i7O I6O 150 140
I4O- I50- I60-
80" flO I60- ISO
30 20' 10' O' 10" 20' 30'
1903
MAY
4O* ISO* 160* 170* '8C* .70* !60
For explanation see Key ma,p
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
JUNE I I9O3 JUNE
1+0" 130 160 170 ISO 170 160
I9O3
JUNE
3 1903
JUNE
14O* ISO" 160* 170* 180" 17O" 1 60" 150" 140°
30* 20" 30" 0s 10" 2? 30'
140* ISO* I6D" 170* ISO* 170" 16O* ISO* 140*
30" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 3O"
For explanation see Key map
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JUNE 5 I9O3 JUNE
I4O" ISO" 160* 170* ISO 170 160 ISO 140
1903
JUNE
7 I9O3
JUNE
I4O" 160* 170 i BO 170 1 60 150 i40
50 160 170 S . I7O
30* 20' 10' O" 10* 20" 30' 40'
30' 20* 10 O
0* 20' 3O* 40
f-'M pxpla-na-tion see Key ma/p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
I9O3
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JUNE 9 1903 JUNE
10
ISO' 160' 170" 180" 170" 160 ISO 140'
SO* 20*
O' 10' 20' 30'
140' ISO' 160" 170 ISO 170 160 ISO
30' 20' SOID18'* O" 10' 20' JO'
19O3
JUNE
II I9O3
JUNE
12
140* ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' ISO' ISO'
40' 30' 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 30' 40*
4O* 30' 20' ICT O° 10" 20* 30* 40*
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
I9O3
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JUNE 13 I9O3 JUNE
14
1+0" ISO' 160* 170* 180' 170 160 ISO
H
iO° 0' 10' 20' 3O'
140* 150' 160' 170' ,. 160' 170' IgO' ISO' i40'
40'. 3O' 20' 10' 0* 10' 20' SO' 40'
1903
JUNE
1903
JUNE
16
ISO' ISO' 170' 180' 170' 160 ISO' 140'
30' 20' TO' 0' 10' 20' 30'
140' ISO' 160' 170' IBO' 170' ISO* ISO' 140'
30' 20' 10' O" 10' 20' 30' 4O'
For cxplana/tion see Key
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
I9O3
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JUNE 17 (903 JUNE
18
I4O* 130* 160" 170* ISO* 170* 160 ISO 140*
1*0" ISO" 160" 170 ISO 170 160 ISO
30' 20" 10° 0" 10' 20* 3O" 40*
\
3O° 20* ' 10* 0° 10* 20° 30*
1903
JUNE
19 I9O3
JUNE
20
140" ISO" 160" t?0" ISO* I7O" 160" ISO" 140'
140" ISO" I6O" 170' ISO" 170" 160" ISO" 140"
30' 20" 10' O" IO" 20* 30' 40'
30' 20" 10' O" 10' 29" 3O" 40'
For explanation ^ee Key
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OT SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JUNE 21 1903 JUNE
22
I4O" ISO" 160* 170' 180* 170" 160" 150'
JOl
^ 160
30' 20
SO" 20" 10" O" 10" 20' 3O' 40'
1903
JUNE
23 1903
JUNE
24-
20' 30'
30" 20" 10' 0" 10' 20' 3O"
I "i explanation see Key map
NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JUNE. as 1903 JUNE.
SO 20 10' O" 10 20 30
I9O3
JUNE
27 1903
JUNE
28
iso* iso* i7o* iso' no' iso" iso" 140"
20
30" 20* 10" 0" 10" 20" 30" 40"
140* ISO* 160" 170* ISO* 170* 160° ISO*
30" 20" 10" 0' 10" 20" 30"
For expla.na,tion see Key ma/p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JUNE E9 1903 JUNE
30
140' ISO' 160" 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO'
140"
^ &
*~- • f4>
*&
.«, -^ • . - 4>
|9°l X
•.:'
2<"V *'
•^.%o°
•^s;'"-* i-
- .«-«
V ..,-
- 30
40*
3O"
0' O" 10" 20* 30" 4O"
140" ISO" ISO' 170" 180" 170" ISO"
30' 20' 10" O" 10" 20' 30"
40'
1903
J U LY
I I9O3
JU LY
140" ISO' 160' 170" 180" 170" 160' ISO'
30' 20' 10" O" 10" 20" 3O"
I4O' ISO' 160" 170" 180" 170" l«0* ISO' 140'
3L' 2O' 10" 0* 10' 20' 30' *O'
For explanation see Key m&p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JULY 3 1903 JULY
40'
30' 20' 10' O* 10' 20' 3O'
1*0' ISO' 160' 170' 180" 170' 160° ISO'
29&-T
^ *
™i;v ^_
3d" 20*" '0° 0" 10° 20° 30*
1903
J ULY
1903
JULY
iso' 160' aa' so' 170' ise' iso°
00
7C
"
1+0" ISO' ISO* 170° 180' 170' 160° ISO'
30" 2O* tO* 0° 10" 2«* 30"
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA- LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JULY 7 1903 JULY
140' ISO* 160' 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO'
M'CH ~T/
*&\ "'*
,.«« , JO 2
50
30' 20' 10' 0' 10' 20" 30'
ISO' 160' 170' iBO' 70' 160'
30' 20' 10' O* 10' 20* 30'
1903
JULY
9 1903
JULY
10
ISO' ISO' 170' 180' .70' 160' ISO'
30' 20* 10" O" 10* 2O" 3O"
4O'
I4O' ISO' ISO' 170' 180' no* 160' ISO' 140'
* 4.
3D"
4O* 3O*
10' 0" 10' 20' 30'
40'
For explanation see Key iua.p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
I9O3
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JULY II 1903 JULY
12
140' ISO* ISO' 170' IBO* 170' 160 ISO
3O" 20* 10" 0" 10" 20" 30"
1*0 ISO
19O3
J ULY
13 I9O3
J ULY
14-
1*0' ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170" ISO* ISO* 140*
140* ISO* 160* 170" 180* 170* 160" ISO' 140'
SO
BO
40*
3O" 20" 10*
3O" 20" 10° O" 10" 20" 30'
For explanation see Key ma,p
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SEA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JULY 15 1903 JULY
I4O ISO 160" i?0 180 170 160
ISO* 160* 170* 160* !70* ISO" 150" 140*
1903
JULY
17 1903
JULY
18
140 ISO* 160" 170' 160' 170" 160" ISO"
30' 20* 10* O"
20* 30"
*0" ISO" 160" 170 180" 170 160
5C" 20
For explanation see Key
NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JULY 19 1903 JULY
20
I4O* ISO" ISO' 170' IBO 170 160 150 140
4O" 3O" 20" * 10" 0" 10" 20" 30"
140 150 160 I/O 180
20" 3O"
1903
J U LY
21 I9O3
J U LY
140" ISO" ISO" 170" ISO 170 160 ISO 140
140 ISO 160 170 ISO 170 I6O 140
30" 20 10 O 10" 20" 30"
For explanation see Key ma.p.
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
J U LY 23 19 O3 J U LY
24
I4O' ISO" 160" 170' 180' 170" 160' ISO'
<s?
R.7? *
40'
50' 20' " 10' 0' 10' 20' 30' 40'
I«O* ISO* 160' 170' 180' 170' ISO' ISO'
SO* 20'
1903
J U LY
Z5 1903
J U LY
140' ISO' ISO' 170' 180' 170* 160' ISO' 140'
0' 20' 30'
40'
140' ISO' ISO' 170' 180' 170' 160'
JO' 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 30' 4O'
For explana/tion see Key m&p
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
JULY 27 1903 JULY
28
ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 170' ISO' ISO'
20* IO° 0" 10 20
140* ISO" 160" 170* ISO* 170* 160* ISO 140*
50' 20' 10" 0' 10" 20' 30'
1903
JULY
29 1903
JU LY
30
140" ISO" 160' 170' 160' IIP' ISO' ISO" 140'
3O' 20" 10' O" 10" 20" 30"
140° ISO" ISO" 170" 160" 170' ISO ISO 140'
For explanation see Key m&p
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
JULY 31 1903 AUGUST
I4O* ISO' ISO' 170* 180* 170' 180' ISO*
20
HO
50
30' 20' ° 10' 0
20' 30'
50' 20' 10' O' 10* 10' 30"
I9O3
AU G U ST
2 1903
AUGUST
140' ISO" 160" 170* 160* 170* 160 150" 140*
140" ISO' ISO' 170' - 160' 170' ISO ISO' 140'
ao
30' 20' 10' O*
For explana-tion see Key map
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE TOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
AUGUST 4- I9O3 AUGUST
1+0' ISO' 160" 170' ISO' 170' ISO' ISO' 140'
I4O° ISO' 160' 170' 180' : 170' 160 ISO
ao
40"
30' 20' 10' 0° 10' 20' 30'
30' 20' 10* 0'
20' 50'
1903
AUGUST
6 I9O3
AU GU ST
140' ISO' 160' 170' 160' .170* 160 ISO
30' 20' 10' 0' 10' 20' 30'
40'
140' ISO' ISO' 170*
For explanation see Key map
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
AUGUST 8 1903 AUGUST
*O" ISO" 160" 170" 180 170 160
1903
AUGUST
10 1903
AUGUST
1*0* ISO' 160' 170* 160 170 160 ISO
4O' ISO' 160' I7O 160 170 160 ISO 140'
30' 20" 10! 0 10' 20' 30'
50" 20' 10' O' 10' 20 30'
For <xplfcna,tion see Key ma.p
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
AUGUST 12 I9O3 AUGUST
13
1*0* ISO' 160" 170' ISO' 170' 160" ISO* 1+0'
IM
40' ISO' 160' 170' ISO 170' 160
30' 20' 10? 0° 10" 20' 30" 40'
1903
AUGUST
14- I9O3
AUGUST
15
I4O" ISO' 160' 170' 180" 170° 160* ISO'
3O 20* 10* 0* 10' 20" 30"
140" ISO" 160" 170" 160" 170" 160" ISO"
140'
3O" 20' 10" O* 10" 20* 30'
For explanation ste Key map
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
AUGUST 16 I9O3 AUGUST
1+0* ISO' 160" 170 180 170 I6O ISO 140
I4O ISO 160 170 180 170 160 150
10' 20" 30'
I9O3
AUGUST
18 I9O3
AUGUST
1*0" ISO" 160' 170 180 170 160 ISO
140 ISO" 160" 170" 180' 170 160 ISO
30 20 10 0 10 20 30
SO' 2O' 10 O
0' 20' 30
For explnna/t ion see Key map
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
AUGUST 20 1903 AUGUST
21
140" 150* 160* 170" ISO* 170* 160 ISO 140*
JO* 20* 10' 0° 10* SO* 30* 40*
140* ISO* 160° 170 180 170 160 ISO
30* 20* 10* 0* 10* 20* 30*
I9O3
AUGUST
22 i9O3
AUGUST
23
I4O" ISO" 160" 170" ISO* 170" 160* ISO* 140*
30* 40*
30' 2O" 10* O* 10" 20' 30' 40
For explanation see Key m&p.
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
AUGUST 24. 1903 AUGUST
25
i4O' iso* ISO' 170" IBP' no' i6Q iso
BO"
jtf _A~
4O'
30' 20'
IH?
SOI 6(5
0' 10' 20' 3O' 40'
1903
AUGUST
26 I9O3
AU GUST
27
140" ISO' 160' 170' 160' 170' 160* ISO'
30' 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 30' 40'
140' 150' 160' 170' 160' 170' 160' ISO*
4O' 30' 20* 10' O* 10' 20' 30
For expla.na.tion iff Key ma.p
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
AUGUST 28 I9O3 AUGUST
29
ISO* 160" 170* 180* 170' 160* 150*
3O" 20" 10" O" 10" 20" 3O" 40'
I4O" ISO" 160" 170 180 170 160 150
30" 20" 10' O" 10' 20" 30"
1903
AU G U ST
3O I9O3
AUGUST
31
SO' 140"
0" 20" 30"
I4O" ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170" 160" ISO
30" 20" 10" O"
2O" 30"
For explanation set Key ma.p
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER I I9O3 SEPTEMBER
40 ISO ISO 170 I8O 170 ISO ISO .40
I9O3
SEPTEMBER
3 1903
SEPTEM B ER
50" ISO" 170" 160 170 160 ISO
For explanation see Ke% ni«.|i
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER 5 1903 SEPTEMBER
150" 160" 170*1, ^ 180 170 160 '50
20" 10" O° 10" 20°
140 150
3O° 20" 10" O° 10" 20° 3O"
1903
SEPTEMBER
7 1903
SEPTEMBER
I4O* ISO* 160" 170^ t 160" 170' 160* ISO* 140*
20" 10* 0" 10" 20" 30* 40*
140" ISO" 160* 0170 160 160 ISO
3O" 20" 10" 0* tO" 20" 3O*
For explanation sc« Key
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER 9 1903 SEPTEMBER
10
140 ISO 160 170 ISO 170 160 ISO
0 ' 20' 30"
40"
140' ISO' 160' -. 170' 180' 170' 160" ISO
30' 20' 10* O' 10' 20' 30
1903
SEPTEM B ER
II I9O3
SEPTEM B ER
12
140* 150* 160* 170* 160* 170* 160* ISO* 140"
30' 20'
140* (SO* J60* 170'.. _1_60* t_7_Q* 160* ISO* 140*
For *xpl«.na,tion see Key uia.p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
I9O3
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER 13 1903 SEPTEMBER
14-
140° ISO* 160" 170* ISO* 170' 160" ISO"
30" 20' <?|0" 0" 10' 20' 3O"
50" 20" 10" O" 10" 20" 30"
I9O3
SEPTEMBER
15 1903
SEPTEMBER
«0° ISO" ISO" I7064tt 180 KICJ70" 160 ISO 140"
For explanation see Key
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE TOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER 17 I9O3 SEPTEMBER
18
140" ISO" 160° 170* *§&*'^ 170" '60' 150" 140"
SO" 20" 10" O" 10" 20" 30" 4O"
1*0' ISO" 160" 170 ISO / 170 160 ISO 40'
30' 20" 10" O" 10" 20' JC'
1903
SEPTEMBER
19 I9O3
SEPTEMBER
20
40" ISO" 160' 170" 180" **f 170 160 ISO 140'
ISO" 160" 170 180 170 ISO ISO
50" 20 10 0 10 20 30
For explanation see Key map
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER 21 I9O3 SEPTEMBER
140° 150" 160" 170* 160' 170 160 ISO
30" 20* 10" 0" 10" 20° 30
ISO 160 170 ISO 170
20' 30"
1903
S EPTEMBE R
23 1903
SEPTEM B ER
24
ISO* 160* 170" 16 3" 170° 160" ISO" 140*
» "••'**
3O" 20" 10° O* IO" 20" 30*
1+0* ISO* 160" 170* 160' 170' 160 ISO
20* 30*
For e xpl an a-tion see Key m a,p
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER 25 I9O3 SEPTEMBER
ISO* 160" 170 180' 170 ISO ISO
I4O ISO 160 170 180 170 160 ISO
20' 3O*
30* 20" 10 0
1903
SEPTEMBER
SEPTEMBER
140" ISO" 160" 170* 160 170 160 ISO 140
140 ISO 160 170 160 170 160 ISO 140
20 30 40
4O* SO" 20' 10 O" IO" 20 30 4O
FI>I explanation se* Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER Z9 1903 SEPTEMBER
30
40* ISO" ISO* 170 ISO 170 160
30* 20*
140" 150 160 170 180 170 160 ISO
I9O3
OCTOBER
I4O" 150" 160" 170 160 170 160
140" 160 170' 180 170 I6U
For explanation see Key ma-p
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 3 1903 OCTOBER
140' ISO' 160' 170" ISO' 170 160
1*0' ISO' ISO 170' 180" 170 160 ISO 140'
30' 20' 10' 0'
10' 20' 30'
50' 20' 10" 0
20 30
1903
OCTOBER
5 1903
0 CTOB E R
'40' ISO" 160' 170 IBO' >70 160 150 140'
140' ISO' 160' 170 160' 170 160 ISO 140
''< S- ' X
SO 20 10 0 10 20
JO 20 10 0 10 20 30
For expl*na,tion see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
I9O3
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA- LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 7 I9O3 OCTOBER
a
I4O" ISO* 160* 170" ISO' 170* 160
30* 20* 10° O" 1 0 * 20° 30" 40"
140° ISO* 160 170 180 170 160 ISO
in
30" 2O' 10" O" 10" 20° 3O" 40'
I9O3
OCTOBER
9 1903
OCTOBER
IO
1+0* ISO" 160" 170" 180' 170" ISO" ISO' 140"
40" 50" 20" 10" O" 10" 20" 30" 40"
140" 160" 170 ISO' 170 160 ISO
For explanation set Key map
NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER II I9O3 OCTOBER
I4O* ISO* 160* i7Q* 180' 170* 160* ISO* 140*
I4O* ISO' 160* 170* ISO* 170* 160* ISO' 140*
«0
20" 10" 0" 10" 20* 3O"
40" 30" 2O" 10" O" 10" 20" 30' 40"
I9O3
OCTOBER
13 I9O3
OCTOBER
140" (SO* 160* 1 70 160 170 160
I4Q" ISO* 160 170' 180* 170 160
For explanation see Key map
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 15 I9O3 OCTOBER
16
140° ISO" 160° 170* ISO" 170" 160* ISO'
40"
30" 20
I4O' ISO" 160" 170" 180' 170" 160" ISO'
I9O3
OCTOBER
17 1903
OCTOB ER
18
1+0* ISO* 160* 170* 180* 170* 160* ISO"
140"
30' 20' 10' O* 10* 20" 30*
40"
3O" 20" 10" 0* 10" 20° 30'
For explanation see Key m&p
NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 19 1903 OCTOBER
50" 20" 10 0' 10' 20' 50'
I9O3
OCTOB E R
21 1903
0 CTO B E R
22
140" ISO* 160* 170* 160* 170* 160* ISO* 140*
40" 30" 20" 10' 0" 10" 20" 30* 40*
40 160 170 160 i70 »60 150
30' 20' 10 O 10 20 30
For expl«.na,tion see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 23 I9O3 OCTOBER
1+0" ISO" 160° I7Q* 180* 170* 160* ISO*
30" 20" 10° 0" 10" 20" 3O"
140" ISO" 160' 170" 180° 170 160 ISO
0" 20" 3O"
1903
OCTOBER
I9O3
OCTOBER
26
140" ISO" 160" 170" ISO" 170" 160 ISO"
140" ISO" 160" 170 180" 170" 160" ISO
HIGH*
30 20 10 O 10" 20" 30"
20" ""JftlO O 10" 20 30
For explanation see Key ma.p
NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
I9O3
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 27 I9O3 OCTOBER
28
ISO' 160" 170' ISO' 170' ISO ISO
ia>
HO
30' 20' I0"6/ O* 10' 20" 30'
1*0- ISO' 160' 170 180" 170' ISO ISO
sblllsa
1903
OCTOBER
29 I9O3
OCTOBER
30
140' ISO* ISO' 170* 180' 170' ISO* ISO*
3O' 20' 10' 0' 10* 20' 3O'
to'
30' 20' 10'
For explanation see Key map
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 31 I9O3 NOVEMBER
140* ISO* 160* 170" 180* 170" 160
30" 20" «*\10'
ISO* 160* 170" IBO* 170* 160' 150'
10° 0" 10" 20° 3O" 40"
1903
NOVEMBER
I9O3
NOVEMBER
I4O" ISO*
50 20 "- 10" 0 10* 20' 30'
140* ISO"
aa
110
20' 30'
For explanation see Key ma/p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 4- 1903 NOVEMBER
1903
NOVEMB ER
1903
NOVE M B E R
140' ISO' ISO' 170' 160' 170' 160' ISO'
140'
SO' 20" 10' 0 10' 20' 30'
For explanation
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SETA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 8 I9O3 NOVEMBER
140* ISO* 160* 170* 180 170 160 150 140
30* 20* 10* O° 10* 20" 30* 40°
140 ISO 160 170 ISO
3O* 20* 10" 0° 10" 2O* 30°
I9O3
NOVEMBER
10 I9O3
NOVEMBER
140" ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170" 160" ISO" 140"
3O" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 30" 40*
140" ISO" ISO" 170" 160" 170" 160 ISO"
50" 20" 10" O* 10" 20" 30"
For explanation see Key
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 12 1903 NOVEMBER
13
140* ISO' 160" 170* ISO 170 160
rd
14O* ISO* 160' 170* 180' 170* 160* ISO* 140'
40* 30" 20* 10" 0* 10' 20" 30" 40'
I9O3
NOVEMBER
14 1903
NOVEMBER
15
140* ISO* 160* 170* 160* .70* 160'
140" ISO' ISO* 170' 160* 170* 160* 150*
30' 20
i* if 64 Q* IQ' 20'
30' 40"
For explanation srr Key map
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 16 I9O3 NOVEMBER
17
70° ISO* 170' 160" 150" 140"
30" 20" 10* O" 10" 20" 30" 40"
50" 20" 10 O' 10" 20" 30°
I9O3
NOVEMBER
18 1903
NOVEMBER
19
140" ISO" ISO" 170" 180" 170" 160" ISO" 140"
3O" 20" 10" O* 10" 20" 30" 40"
140" ISO" 160" 170" . 180" 170" 160" ISO" 140"
SO' 20' 10" O" 10" 20" SO
For explanation see Key m&p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 2O I9O3 NOVEMBER
21
140* ISO* 160* 170* 180* 170' 160* ISO* 140'
BO"
40" 30' 20"
30" 20"
I9O3
NOVE.M B E R
NOVEMBER
40" ISO" 160' 170" let)' 170' 160 ISO
140" ISO" 160" 170' 160 170 .60 150
30* 20' 10 0
0* 2O' 30
For e xp 1 «,ri a 1 1 on see K e \ map
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 34 I9O3 NOVEMBER
25
140" ISO" 160*
40"
40" 30" 20' 10" 0* 10' 20' 30' 40"
I4O' ISO" 160" 170"
30" 20" 10" O" 10" 20' 30" . 40"
I9O3
NOVE MBER
26 1903
NOVEMBER
27
ISO" 160" 170" 180" 110" 160" ISO" 140"
3D' 20* ss 10" 0" 10" 20" 30" 40"
I4O" ISO" 160" 170* 180" 170" ISO* ISO" 140"
KM
\
30" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20"" 30"
For explana/lion see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 28 I9O3 NOVEMBER
140* ISO' 160* 170* !ftO* 170* 160* 150'
I4O' ISO"
SO" 20" 10'
JO' 2O'
I9O3
NOVEMBER
30 I9O3
DECEMBER
140" ISO" 160" 170- . 160 170 160 ISO
160" 170 160 170 160 ISO
30" 20" 10 0 10 20 50 40
•r 20' 30 40
For expl«.na,t ion see Key
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 2 I9O3 DECEMBER
140° ISO' 160" 170° ISO* 170* 160* 150* 140*
0' 20° 30* 40'
iso' ISO* 170' IBP' no* iso* 150°
30' 20' 10° 0' 10' 20' 3O*
I9O3
DECEMBER
I9C3
DECEMBER
140" ISO* 160" 170' „ ieo' 170° 160' ISO'
30' 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 30' 40'
140" ISO" 160" 170" 160" 170" 160* I50C 140*
40'
For explan&tion see Key ma/p
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 6 1903 DECEMBER
I4O ISO* 160' 170 IBO" 170 160 ISO 140"
1903
DECEMBER
8 1903
DECE M B E R
4O* ISO" 160" 170" !60 170 160 ISO
HO" 160' 170' IBO' 170 160
O ,
A
30" 20" 10'
10" 20- 30'
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
I9O3
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER IO I9O3 DECEMBER
1+0* ISO' 160* 170 160' 170 160" ISO
I9O3
DECEMBER
12 I9O3
DECEMBER
13
140' ISO' ISO'
1+0* 150* 160' 170' 180' 170' ISO* ISO*
ISO
L
30" 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 30'
For explanation see Key m&,p
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 14 I9O3 DECEMBER
4O' ISO' ISO' 170' ISO' 170 160
I4O 150 I6O I7O IBO I7O IBG
1903
DECEMBER
16 I9O3
DECEMBER
Kor explanation see Key ma.p
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 18 I9O3 DECEMBER
19
I4O° ISO" 160° 170* ISO '70 160 150
30' 20* 10" 0° 10° 20° 30"
20° 30°
I9O3
DECEMBER
20 I9O3
DECEMB ER
21
140" ISO" 160" 170" 180* 170' 160 ISO
20' \ 10° 0* 10" 20" 30"
30* 20" 10" 0" 10" 20
For explanation see Key uia/p
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER ZZ 1903 DECEMBER
I4O- ISO" ISO' 170 ISO 170 ISO- ISO 140
1903
DECEMBER
DECEMBER
40' ISO* 160* 170 160 170 160 150 140
SO /2OT 10 O 10 20 30
Fo r e Kp la-na-tion s^e Key in *t | •
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES,
DECEMBER 26 1903 DECEMBER
27
1*0" ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170" 160 ISO" 140'
30' 20
O" 10° 20" 30'
40*
140' ISO' 160' 170* 180* 170' 160' ISO' 140
30" 20° 10' 0" 10" 20° 30"
1903
DECEMBER
28 I9O3
DECEM B ER
29
140 ISO 160 170 180 170 160 ISO
3O" 20 10" O* 10" 20" 30"
140* ISO" 160"
alO" 0s IO" 2O' 30" 40"
For explanation see Key map.
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SEA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 3O I9O3 DECEMBER
30' 20" 10" O" 10* 20" "50"
Of 2O 10 O 10 20 3O
1904-
JANUARY
I 1904
J AN U ARY
I4O" ISO ISO (70 ISO 170
.
For explanation see Key map
1904
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
JANUARY 3 1904- JANUARY
I+O' ISO' 160* 170° ISO" 170" 160 ISO
30" 40
30" 20* 10° 0' 10' 20° 30'
1904-
JANUARY
5 1904-
JANUARY
I4O* 150° 160* 170" 180" 170° 160" 150" 140*
1+0" ISO" 160° 170 180 170 160 150 140
For explanation see Key map.
I9O4-
! NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 7 1904- JANUARY
40" 30" 20" 10" O'
I4O" ISO' 160*
3O' 2O' IO" O' 10" 20' 30' 4O"
1904-
J AN UARY
9 1904-
J AN UARY
10
I4O* ISO* 160* 170' JBO' 170* ISO' ISO* 140*
20* 10" O" 10" 2O" 30" 4O"
3O" 20 10" O" 10" 20*
For expla.na.tion see Key map
NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1904
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY II 1904- JANUARY
12
140* ISO' ISO' 170* 180' 170' 160* ISO' 140'
50' 20° 10° O' 10" 20° 30' 40'
40* 150' 160' 170* ISO' 170' ISO' ISO* 140'
4O° 30" 20° 10° O° 10" 20' 30* 40
1904
JAN U ARY
13 1904
JANUARY
14
I4O ISO 160 170 ISO 170 160 150 140°
3CT 20' '57 10* Q* 10' 2O' SO'
140' ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 170' 160° ISO' 140'
It
K
40' 3O' 2O' 10' 0' 10° 20' 3O' 40
For explana-tion see Key ma/p
I9O4-
I NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 15 1904- JANUARY
16
I4O* ISO' 160' 170" I6O' 170' 160* ISO' 140'
30' 20' \,IO* 0* 10' 20' 3O' 40'
I4O* '50
1904
JANUARY
17 I9O4-
JANUARY
IS
140* ISO* 160* 170* 180* 170* 160* ISO' 140*
4O' SO* 20* I&10* 0* 10" 20" 3O' 4O*
140* ISO' ISO' 170' 180* 170' 160* ISO' 140*
JO' 2O' 10' O* 10' 20' 30'
tn
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1904-
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 19 1904- JANUARY
20
I4O' ISO" 160' 170' 180' 170* ISO' ISO* 140*
30" 20'
I4O ISO 160 170 160 170 160 150
IK?
30" 20' 10° O' 10" 20" 3O"
I9O4-
JANUARY
21 I9O4
J A N U A RY
22
1 1*0' ISO* 160* 170' ISO' nO' 160' ISO" 140'
I4O" ISO* 160' I7O" 180° 170' 160° ISO'
SO" 20° 10" O* 10" 20" 3O
For expla.na.tion see Key map
I9O4
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION,
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 23 1904 JANUARY
I4O- ISO' ISO ITO 180' 170 I6O ISO 140'
I4O' ISO" 160' 170' ISO' 170' 180 ISO I401
20 10 O'
40 3O 20 IO 0' 10' 20' 30' 40'
1904
JANUARY
25 1904
JANUARY
26
I4O' ISO' I6O' I7O' 160* 170' 160 ISO' 140'
3tf 10' 10' O' 10* 2O" 3O' 40'
I4O' 150' 160'
4O' SO'
For explanation see Key m&p
1904
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 27 I9O4 JANUARY
28
20" 30" 40
1904
JANUARY
29 1904
JANUARY
30
I4O' ISO' 160° 170' 180* 170' 160' ISO* I4O'
I4O* ISO' 160° 170' I8O' 170* 160° ISO' 140'
For expla.na.tion see Key map.
1904-
i INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 31 1904- FEBRUARY
140- ISO' 160" 170 160" 170 160 ISO' 140"
1904-
FEBRUARY
I4O ISO" ISO" 170
'O 160 ISO (40
140* ISO" 160" 170 I8(T 170 160 ISO* 140"
SO 20 10 O 10" 20" 30'
4O" 3O* 20 10" O" 10" 20 30" 40
For explanation see Key ina.p
1904-
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
FEBRUARY 4- 1904- FEBRUARY
I4O* ISO' 160' 170* ISO' 170* 16O* ISO' 140'
40' 30' 20' 10' O* 10" 20" 30* 40'
I4O' ISO* 160' 170' 180* 170* 160' ISO* 140*
60'
30' 20' 10' O° 10" 20° 30' 40'
1904-
FEBRUARY
6 1904
FEBRUARY
140' ISO' 160' 170' I8O' no' 160° 150° 140"
4Q 30 20" 10* 0* 10* 20* • 3O" 40"
140* , ISO* 160" 170' IBO' HO' 160' ISO' 140'
3O" 20° 10" 0* 10" 20" 3O 40
For explanation see Key map
1904-
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 8 1904 FEBRUARY
ISO 160* 170 160 '70 160 ISO 140
4O* 30'
10' 20* 30" -"u
I4O 150 160 170 180 170 160 150 140
5O 20 10 O 1O 2O 3O* 4O
1904-
FEBR UARY
10 1904-
FEBRUARY
I4O* ISO* I6O* 170 180' 170 160 150" 140*
40' SO' 2O* 10* 0* 10" Z0~ 30' 40*
14O' ISO* 160* 170* 180* 170* 160* ISO* 140'
40* 30* 2CT 10* O* 10* 20' 3O* «£
For explanation see Key map.
I9O4-
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 12 1904- FEBRUARY
40° 30' 20' 10° O' 10' 20° 30
1904-
FEBRUARY
14- 1904-
FEBRUARY
HO' ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 170' 160 ISO
I4O' ISO' ISO' 170 180' 170" IBO
LO' 30° icf 10' O' 10' 20' SO
40' 3O° 20 10* O' 10' 20' 30' 4O'
For explana-tion see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1904-
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 16 1904- FEBRUARY
40* 30' 20' 10' O" 10" 2O' 3O" 40'
I4O' ISO' 160' 170* IBO* 170' 160* ISO'
3O* 20" 10" O" 10" 2O"
1904-
FEBR UAR Y
18 I9O4-
FEBRUARY
30 20 10 0 10 20' 30' 4O
JO 10 0 10 2O 3O 40
Huth. .
For expla.na.tion see Key map
1904
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
FEBRUARY 20 I9O4 FEBRUARY
21
140' ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170* ISO ISO 140
30° 20° 10* O° 10° 20" 30° 40°
10° 20° 30°
1904
FEBRUARY
22 1904
FEBRUARY
23
I4O" ISO" 160' 170° 180° 170° 160° ISO' 140°
I4O" ISO" 160" 170" 180° 170° 160" ISO" 140*
For explana-tion see Key map.
1904-
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 24- 1904- FEBRUARY
25
140' ISO" 160" 170" ISO" 170 160" ISO 140"
30" 20" 10" O" 10" 20" 3O"
I4O" ISO" 160" .70" 160" 170" 180" ISO" 140"
30" 20' °" \0' O" 10" 2O" 30' 40'
1904
FEBRUARY
FEBRUARY
4O ISO I6O I7O IBU 17O 16O 150 140
140" ISO" ISO" 170 160 170" 160" ISO' 140'
30 20 10" O 10 20 30' 4O
4O 3O 10 0 10 ZO 30'
For explana-tion see Key map.
1904-
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
FEBRUARY 28 I9O4 FEBRUARY
29
1*0* ISO' 160' 170" I8O' 170" ISO ISO 140'
30" 20° !0' 0° 10' 20' 30' 40'
150 160 170
ISO 140
40'
30' 20" "b 10' 0° 10' 20' 30' 40'
1904-
M AR C H
I I9O4-
M ARC H
140* ISO* ISO' 170' 180' 170' 160° ISO*
20 6irIO 0* 10" 20" 3O* 4O"
8O" 170' 160' ISO'
0" 1O" 20" 30"
For explanation see Key map
1904
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 3 1904 MARCH
140' ISO' ISO*
isdl
4O* 30' 20* 10* 0'
i«o* iso' 160* ire* iao' 170* ieo* iso* 140'
I
30' 20' 10' O* 10* 20' 30' 40'
1904
M ARCH
5 1904
MARCH
140 ISO 160 170
BO ISO 140
30' 40"
I4O* ISO* 160* 170* 180' 170* 160* ISO' 140*
4O" 30" 20' 10" O* 10" 20' 30" 4£
For expla.na.tion see Key map
1904-
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 1 19O4- MARCH
50° 140*
10" 20" 30° 40*
I4O* 150° ISO* 170* ISO* 170' 180* ISO' 140
I9O4-
M AR C H
9 I9O4-
M AR C H
1C
I4O' ISO' ISO' 170' 180' 170° 160 ISO' 140'
30" 20" 10" O" 10" 2O" 30"
For expla.na.tion see Key map.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1904-
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR T E M P E R AT U R E S
MARCH II 1904- MARCH
12
ISO
ISO* 160' 170' IBO* PO' 160* ISO
SO' 20' 10' 0'
HO* I6O' 170* 160* 170* ieO" ISO' 140'
oil
1904-
M ARC H
13 1904-
MARCH
2O 10 0 10 20 3O 40
For explanation see Key m&p
1904-
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH I 5 1 9 O4- MARCH
: 20' : 20 30"
1904-
M AR C H
17 190 +
MARC H
ISO' ISO' 170' 180" IW -6C' 91
3C
For expiana.tion s»e Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1904
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 19 1904- MARCH
20
5
JO' 20' 10' O* 0' ZO' 30' 40"
ISO" 160" 170* IKT I7O' C60f ISO1 140'
30' 2O' 10' 0'
I9O4
M A.R C H
21 1904
MARCH
For explanation see Key map
I9O4-
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 23 1904- MARCH
!«• ISO* 160' 170* ISO' 170' 160' 150°
0' 20' 30'
I4O" ISO" 160" 170" 160* 170* 160" ISO" 140
3O' 20' 10' O" 10" 20" 30"
40'
1904-
M ARCH
25 I9O4-
M ARC H
26
I4O" ISO* I6O* I70e 180* !70* 160" ISO*
5O 20" 10* O* 10" 2O* 30"
I4O"
150° 160* 170" 180" 170* 160* ISO* 140*
3O* 2O" 10" O" 10" 20" 3O
For explanation see Key map
1904-
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 27 1904 MARCH
40' ISO* 160' 170" ISO' 170' 160' ISO'
140' ISO' 160' 170' I8(T 170' l«0' ISO' 140'
10 20 SO'
1C' 20' 30'
1904-
M ARCH
29 1904-
MARC H
I4O* ISO* 160' 170 I8O' :70' 160 ISO
For explanation see Key m&p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1904-
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 31
4O 3O'
140* ISO
:*'!' ISO' 160' 180'
I4O- ISO' IWT 170' 180" IW 160' ISO 1*0
*O ZO O 10 20 3O *O
For expla.na.tion see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSUREAIND AIR TEMPERATURE.
OCTOBER
NORMAL PRESSURE.
MEAN PRESSURE.NOON, G.M.T. 1901.
140* ISO
30' 20' 10" O'
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
OCTO B ER
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON.G.M.T. 1901.
HO' ISO* 160' 170* 180" 170° 160* ISO'
4O° 30" 20°
I4O" ISC'
For expl a.na,t ion see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
NOVEMBER
NORMAL PRESSURE
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, GMT. 1901.
140" ISO
40" 30' 20' 10" 0"
i4O" ISO" 160' 170' 190* 170' 160* ISO'
50 SOI
4O" 30" 20* 10*
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
NOVEMBER
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON.G.MT. 1901
140" ISO* 160' 170' 160' 170' 160' ISO' 140'
3O" 20* 10" O" 10" 20' 30" 40"
I4O" ISO" 160" 170" 160" 170" 160
4O" 3O" 20* 10" 0" 10" 2O" SO"
•
KIM explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
DECEMBER
NORMAL PRESSURE
MEAN PRESSURE.NOON, G.M.T. 1901
150 160 170 ISO" 170* 160* ISO
20 10 O 10" 2O* 30'
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE. DECEMBER
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON.G.M.T. 1901
?" 160° 170' 180° 170' 160°
for expla.na.tion see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
J AN U ARY
NORMAL PRESSURE
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, GM.T. \BOZ.
I4O' ISO" ISO' 170' I8O' 170' ISO' ISO' 140'
I4O' ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' ISO' :5O'
40' 30' 2O' 10' O* 10* 20' 30' 40'
30' 20' 10' 0' 10' 2O' ^0' 4O'
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
J ANU ARY
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.MT. 1902.
160 170 160 170 ISO
I4O' ISO" ISO" 170 160 170
SO 2O IO O IO" 2O SO 4O
30" 2O 10-
IO 20 JO
HuUi '
For explanation see Key m«.|-
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
FEBRUARY
NORMAL PRESSURE.
MEAN PRESSURE,NOON, G.M.T. 1902.
1*0" ISO* 160" 170* 180" 170" 160* ISO" 140°
ail
0" 20" 30" 4O"
I4O" ISO* 160" 170" ISO* 170* 160" ISO" 140"
30" 20' 10" 0* 10" 20" 30' 40"
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
FEB RU ARY
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.MT. 1902.
30 20 10* O" 10* 20* 30" 4O"
I4O* ISO* 160* 176* 180* I/O* 160* ISO*
30" 20* 10* O* 10" 2O" 30" 40
For expla,naA ion see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
MARCH
NORMAL PRESSURE
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1902
I4O" ISO" 160* 170* ISO' 170' 160 ISO
30" 20* 10" 0" 10" 2O" 3O" 4O*
40" SO" 20" 10' O' 10" 20" 30" 40"
MARCH
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
MEAN AIR TEMPER ATURE.NOON.G.M T. 1302.
60 170 ISO 170 160
40- 30' 20" 10 O 20 30
2O 10 O 2O 3D 4O
For
ion see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
APRIL
NORMAL PRESSURE.
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M T. 1902.
1*0* ISO* 160' 170' 180' 170' I6<f ISO
00
uot
3O" 20' JO* O" 10" 20" 30" 40"
140 ISO"
4O" 3O'
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
APRIL
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE,NOON,G.M.T. 1902.
«0" ISO" ISO' 170' 180° 170" ISO ISO t+0"
40 yf 20 10 O' 10" 20' 30" 4O"
140' ISO" ISO" 170" 180" 170" 160" ISO* 140"
SO' 2O" 10" 0" 10' 20" SO' 40
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
MAY
NORMAL PRESSURE.
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, GM.T. 1902.
ISO' ISO' 170' 160" 170' 160" ISO' KO-
bU I /U IBU
40' 3O' 20' 10' O' 10 20 30
2O' IO" O 10 2O
MAY
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE.NOON.G.MT. 1902
ISO' 70 IBCT 170' 160 ISO 1+0
For explana.! ion sre Key
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
JUNE
NORMAL PRESSURE.
MEAN PRESSURE.NOON, G.M.T. 1902.
I4O' ISO' 160' 170* ISO' 170* 160* ISO* I4O'
JUNE
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE,NOON, G.M.T.
30 20' 10* 0* IO* 20" 30"
I4O* ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170° ISO" ISO*
3O" 20* 10* O* 10° 2O" 3O
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
JULY
NORMAL PRESSURE
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.MT. 1902.
140" ISO" 160" ITO IBO 170 I6O ISO
40' 30" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20' 30" 40'
140" ISO" 160" iTO" ISO" 170" 180" ISO* 140'
40" SO" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 30" 40"
JULY
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.MT. 1902.
140" ISO" ISO" 170" IBO- 170' 160- ISO'
50" 20 10 O 10 20 JO"
OI explanation ite Key u>a.p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
AUGUST
NORMAL PRESSURE. M EAN PRESSU R E, N 00 N, G. M .T. I 9 02.
50' ISO' 170' I8O- 170" 160 ISO I4C
30 20 10 O 10 20 30' 10
O* IO 2O 3O 40
AUGUST
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1902.
1*0" ISO* 160* 170' 180° 170* 160 ISO' !«'
JO' 2O 10 O" 10' 20' 30' 40'
I4O' ISO* 160' 170* 160* 170' 160' ISO' 140'
3O* 20' 10* O* IO* 20' SO'
For expla.na.tion see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEM PERATU RE.
SEPTEMBER
NORMAL PRESSURE
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, GM.T 1902.
3O" 20
1*0 ISO I6O 170 180 170 160 '-5Q
SEPTEMBER
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE
M EAN AIR TEMPER ATU R E. N DON, G.M T. 1902
I4O' ISO' 160* 170 ISO' 170 160 ISO'
For explanation see Key maj>
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
OCTOBER
NORMAL PRESSURE.
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1902.
I4O' 150° 160' 170' 180* 170' 160* ISO' HO'
I4O' ISO' ISO' 170 ISO* 170' ISO ISO 140'
30' 20' 10' O° 10' 2O' 30' 40'
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
OCTOBER
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.M.T. I90a.
140" ISO" 160* 170' ISO* 170° 160* ISO* 140"
30 20" 10" O" IO" 20" 30*
I4O" 150° 160" 170" 160* '70° 160* ISO' 140'
,0
IK
30* 20° 10" O" 10" 20 30
For explana-tion see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
NOVEMBER
NORMAL PRESSURE.
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, GMT. 1902.
140' ISO' ISO' 170' ISO' 170' 160' ISO
30" 20" 10* O" 10" 2O" 30" 40"
I4O ISO 160
4O" SO
10" O' 10* 20" 30" 40"
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
NOVEMBER
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE,NOON,G.M T. I90Z.
I4O" ISO* 160* 170* ISO" 170* 160 ISO" 140"
4O" 3O" 20" 10" O* 10" 2O* 3O" 4O"
I4O* ISO* 160" 170 ISO 170 160 'SO
40" SO" 20* 10" 0* 10" 20 30
-
For explanation see Key m&p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN S E.A LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
DECEMBER
NORMAL PRESSURE
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1902.
40' ISO* 160' 170' 160' 170' 180 ISO 140'
40" 30" 20" 10* O' 10* 20* 30* 40*
14O ISO 160 17
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
DECE MBER
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.M.T. I90c.'.
140 ISO 160* 170 ISO 170 160 150 I4O*
40' 3O 20 10' 0* 10' 20* 30' 40'
I4O* ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' 160* ISO* 140'
a
50' 2CT 10* 0' 10' 20' 3O*
For expl a,na.t>ion see Key ma/p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SE.A LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
JANUARY
NORMAL PRESSURE
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G M.T. 1903.
40" 150" 160" 170" 160* 170" 160" 150' 1 40'
loo
40" 50" 20" 10"
1*0" iso" lee" i7o" leo" no" ieo 150'
uo
40"
3O' 20' 10" O" 10" 20
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
JAN UARY
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON.G.MT. 1903.
140 ISO ISO 170 180" 170 160 ISO 140'
0" i70" 160 ISO
30 20 10 O 10 2O 3O
so" 20" 10 0 IO ZO JO
Huth. L ondoii
For expl«.n«-tion see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
FEBRUARY
NORMAL PRESSURE
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1903.
0" 20" 30"
1*0" ISO"
30' 20' 10' 0' 10" 2O' 30'
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
FEBRUARY
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE.NOON, G.M.T. 1903.
140 ISO' 160" 170 I8O 170 160 ISO 140"
3O 20 10" 0' 10' 20" 3O"
I4O" ISO' 160' 170* ISO' 170" 160° ISO'
3O* 20* 10" O* 1 0 * 20* 3O"
For explanation see Key map.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
MARCH
NORMAL PRESSURE
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, GM.T. 1903.
30' 20' 10' O' 10* ZO' 30'
3O" 20' 10* O' 10' 20' 30'
40'
MARCH
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.MT. 1903.
1*0' ISO' 160' 170' 180 170 160 ISO'
40 30 20' 10' O' 10" 20" 30' 4O'
I4O'
ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' 160'
«0' 3O' 2O' 10' O' 10' 20' 30' Vf
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
APRIL
NORMAL PRESSURE.
MEAN PRESSURE.NOON, G M.T. I9O3.
50* 160' 170 180' 170' 160" ISO
40' 30' 20" ',0° O" 10' 20* 30' 40"
I4O ISO 160 170 ^> 180 170 160
KXJ
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
APRIL
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, N DON, G.M.T. 1903.
1*0' ISO' 160' 170° 180° 170' 160 ISO l«"
20' 10' 0* 10" SO' 30' 40"
140* ISO* ISO* 170' 180* 170' ISO* ISO* 140'
3O" 20" 10" O* 10" 20° 30"
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTSOF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
MAY
N ORMAL PRESSURE.
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1903.
140' ISO* ISO' 170' I6O* 170' 160 ISO'
I4O ISO 160 170 180 170 160 ISO
IK?
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
MAY
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.MT. 1903
160" 170' 160 170' 160'
4O' 30 20 10 O* 10' 2O' 3O* 4O*
40- 30' 20 10 O IO 20 3D
Hutlv London
For expl«.na,t.ion see Key ma,|>
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
JUNE
NORMAL PRESSURE.
MEAN PRESSURE.NOON, G.M T. 1903.
1*0* ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' 160* ISO* 140'
20* 30' 40°
I4O' ISO* 160' 170* 160' 170* 160 ISO' 140"
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
JUNE
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON.G.M.T. 1903.
l«0* ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 170' 160' ISO' 140'
4O 3O 20' 10* O" 10" 20" 30*
I4O" ISO" 160° 170° 180° 170" 160° ISO" 140'
30' 20" 10' O* 10" 2O' 30
For explana-tion see Key map.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
JULY
NORMAL PRESSURE
MEAN PRESSURE.NOON, GMT 1903.
40* ISO* 160* 170' 180' 170' 160* ISO' 140'
I4O' ISO' ISO' i70' ISO' 170' ISO* ISO* 140
4O* 3tf 20' IP* O' 10" 20* 30* 40*
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
JULY
MEAN Al R TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.MT. 1903.
50" I60- 170 ISO' 170 160 ISO" 140'
140" ISO* 160* 170 160 170 160 ISO 140*
30 20 10
10 20 30' 40
40' 30' 20 10 0 10 20
For expla.na.tion »ee Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
AUG UST
NORMAL PRESSURE.
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T. I9O3.
140* ISO" 160' 170* 180' 170' 160* ISO' 140'
4O 3O
140' ISO' 160' 170* 180* 170* 160* ISO* 140'
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
AUGUST
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE.NOON, G.M.T. 1903.
4<J ISO I6O I7O IBO I7O 16O 140
140' ISO' 160' 170° I6O' 170° 160 ISO' 140'
nt o IO 20 iO
40° 30' 2O IO O IQ" 2O 3O 40
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
SEPTEMBER
NORMAL PRESSURE
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T 1903.
140-
30" 20' 10* O" 10* 2O' 30"
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
SEPTEMBER
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.MT. 1903.
I4O" ISO' 160" 170* 180* nO* 160' ISO* 140"
4O" 3C" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20* 3O' 4O*
I4O' ISO" ISO" 170" ISO" ,70' '60' ISO"
SO" 20 10" O" IO" 20
Huth. London
For explanation see Key
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
OCTOBER
NORMAL PRESSURE. M EAN PRESSU RE, N DON, G.M.T. I 9 03 .
140' ISO' 160' 170' 180' .70' 160' ISO' HO
M
IO' 20" 30' 40"
O* 10' 20° 30' 40'
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
OCTOBER
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1903.
For explanat LOTI see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEM PER ATI) RE.
NOVEMBER
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T. I9O3.
NORMAL PRESSURE
30 20 10 O 10 20 JO
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
NOVEMBER
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE. NOON, G.MT. 1903.
160' 170 180 |70- 160 ISO 140
•in Aon
For expla.na.tion see Key ui&p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
DECEMBER
NORMAL PRESSURE. M EAN PRESSURE, N DON, G.M.T. I 9 0 3
30" 20' 10° 0" ID" 20* 30
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
DECEMBER
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1903 .
I4O* ISO" 160* 170* 180° 170' 160° ISO I4O*
I4O* ISO' ISO' 170' 180 170 160 ISO
For expla.na.tion see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
JAN U ARY
NORMAL PRESSURE M EAN PRESSURE, N OON, G.M.T I 9 0 4 .
30' 20' 10' O* 10' 2O" 30'
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
JAN U ARY
M EAN AIR TEMPER ATURE,NOON,G.MT. 1904.
160 170 ISO I7O 160
40 30 20 10 O IO" 20' 30' 4O"
40' SO' 20
Hut-h "
For expla.nat.ioTi see Key
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE
FEBR U ARY
NORMAL PRESSURE
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1904.
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
FEBRUARY
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1904 .
140" ISO* ISO* 170" 180' 170' 160° 150°
3O" 20" 10" O"
I4O" 150° 160" 170" 160" 170° 160° ISO"
SO* 2O*
O" 10" 20" 30
For expl ana.tion see Key ma/p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
MARCH
NORMAL PRESSURE.
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, GM.T 1904-
140 ISO 160 I7O 18O I7O I6O I5U 140
<SOm 160' 170" 180- 170" 180 ISO 140"
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
MARCH
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1904.
140 ISO ISO"
3O 20" 10* 0" 10" 20" 30' 40'
4O* 30" 20 10" O" 10" 20* 30 4O
For explanation see Key map
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