- I (
NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION
1901-1904.
METEOROLOGY
PART II
COMPRISING DAILY SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS
IST OCTOBER, 1901, TO 31ST MARCH, 1904.
PREPARED IN THE METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE,
UNDER THE SUPERINTENDENCE OF
M.W.CAMPBELL HEPWORTH,C.B.,R.D., COMMANDER R.N.R.
MARINE SUPERINTENDENT.
LONDON:
PUBLISHED BY THE ROYAL SOCIETY.
1913.
METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE,
SOUTH KENSINGTON,
LONDON, S.W.
. February, 1918.
To Sir ARCHIBALD GEIKIE, K.C.B.,
President of the Eoyal Society.
Sir,
I have now the honour to forward the corrected proof of the "Eemarks," introductory to the Daily
Synchronous Charts of the Southern Quarter of the Globe, which were prepared, under my direction, to
represent the results of the international co-operation in meteorological work for the National Antarctic
Expedition, 1901-1904.
These form the last instalment in discharge of the obligation which was undertaken for the Office by
the Meteorological Council, in response to a request of the Eoyal Society, dated 30th September, 1904,
and which devolved upon me in 1905. It would serve no useful purpose now to enter into detailed
explanations of the length of time that has been found necessary to complete the work. Of the members
of the directing body, under whose guidance it was originally planned, all except myself have passed
away Sir WILLIAM WHARTON, Sir EICHARD STRACHEY, Dr. ALEXANDER BUCHAN, Sir GEORGE DARWIN
and by a coincidence as tragic as it is deplorable, the final touches of the work, designed by international
co-operation to elucidate the problems which the discoveries of the Antarctic explorers of 1901-1904
suggest, are delayed by the melancholy news of the loss of their leader, Captain EGBERT FALCON SCOTT,
and of his four companions on their return from his second and successful attempt to reach the
South Pole.
I am, Sir,
Your obedient servant,
W. N. SHAW,
Director.
PREFACE.
TIIK prrnMit volume complete* the publication of all the Physical remits of the Nation*] Antarctic
ii. Hi of which the xiipvrvuion was undertaken by the Royal Society. It comprises Pan II. <>f the
Meteorology, of which Part I. wa* issued in 1908. The delay in the appearance of the volume has arisen
chiefly from the labour attending the preparation of the Charts, a task which has been carried through
under the superintendence of Commander HKPWORTII, C.B., Marine Superintendent on the staff of the
Meteorological Office, who has supplied the Introductory Text. It will be seen that the volume presenU
not only the detailed resulu of the daily observations of the Expedition, )>ut combines also a large numU-r
of contemporary observations obtained by other Antarctic explorers, by observatories in various parU of
the Southern Hemisphere, and by the Captains of vessels traversing the Antarctic seas. It thus offers a
(MI unions daily picture of the changing meteorological conditions in the whole Antarctic region south of
the 30th parallel of latitude.
An opportunity u afforded here to refer to certain objections made by Captain SOOTT to some of the
statements contained in Part I. of the Meteorology, which was issued in the summer of the year 1908.
Shortly before this distinguished polar explorer was about to sail on the Antarctic Expedition which he is
now conducting, in letters addressed to me, he called attention to these statement* containing criticisms of
the work of his Expedition of 1901-1904. Some of these criticisms, in his opinion, showed a want of
appreciation of the practical difficulties of observation in high latitudes, while others involved errors
of statement which he wished to correct
As regards the latter, he maintained, in the first place, that the observations of the directions of wind
taken on the land were "true" and not, as was suggested, "magnetic." He pointed out that in a region
like that around the Magnetic Pole, where the horizontal magnetic force is very slight and magnetic
directions are constantly changing, and where, therefore, it is impracticable to travel by compass, it was
necessary that constant attention should be given to keep the course true, and that this necessity was fully
realised by himself and his staff. He therefore dissented from the suggestion (text, pp. 489, 490;
Preface, p. xii.) that the observations recorded in Lieutenant ROTDS' important traverse across the ice-
barrier in the months of November and December, 1903, were probably made by compass. That
suggestion occurs in connection with the contention that if a mean correction of 1 45* E., which is the
deviation at the Winter Quarters, be applied to these observations, the winds recorded as coming from the
S.W. to the extent of 68 per cent, are found to be from E. by N. and are thus brought into harmony with
those registered at the Winter Quarters. While protesting against this introduction of a mugMtte
correction, Captain SOOTT pointed out that the correction will not give the desired result, for it has been
put in the wrong direction, viz., westerly instead of easterly, and that even when it is correctly applied,
the direction of the 68 per cent, of wind would be N. by E. and not E. by N., as stated in the Table
on p. 490.
Captain SCOTT maintained that, apart from all explanatory theory, the wind observations taken on the
sledge-journey in question were perfectly trustworthy, and were in harmony with those made during
other sledge-journeys of the Expedition, which combine to indicate a preponderance of southerly and
westerly winds in the region under observation, and as he conceives, lend no support to the generalisation
that the dominant direction of the surface winds is there from the east
Another complaint of Captain SCOTT had reference to the insertion of a column (No. 3, pp. 284-563)
purporting to give the positions of the sledge-parties at noon each day of their journeys. He remarked
that it is difficult to see how the figures in this column were obtained, and that they are constantly in
error. Citing in illustration his own sledge-journey of October to December, 1903, he pointed oat that
B 2
206234
whereas in the printed table he is stated to have been, on October 30, 26 miles from the ship on sea-ice, he
was really 80 miles from the ship, climbing the Ferrar glacier; and, on December 16, when he is
represented as being 95 miles from the ship, it is plain from the column of " Remarks," that he had
returned to Winter Quarters and was comparing his aneroid with the ship's barometer. Captain SCOTT
intended to have adjusted these Tables before he sailed on his recent Expedition, but, in the hurry of his
departure, seems to have found it impossible to do so.
It should be understood that when the Tables of the various sledge-journeys were in course of
compilation at the Meteorological Office from the records made by the observers, great difficulty was
experienced in obtaining information as to the daily positions. Two of the journeys are actually printed
without positions, but for the other journeys the positions are printed as supplied to the Meteorological
Office by Captain SCOTT'S instruction, in reply to a request addressed to the Royal Geographical Society.
It is matter for regret, however, that after the return of the Expedition, when the staff of observers was
dispersed, closer touch with them should not have been maintained.
With regard to the statement that "the explorers brought back no certain information about the
amount of slope of the barrier-surface towards the sea " (Preface, p. xii.), Captain SCOTT contended that
the staff possessed no means of discriminating between the influence on the barometer of the varying
conditions of atmospheric pressure, on the one hand, and of differences in altitude, on the other. While
fully realising the importance of distinguishing between these two causes, he knew of no practical means
of discriminating them on sledge-journeys over the Antarctic ice-field, and he desired that proper
allowance should be made for the apparently insuperable difficulties which have to be encountered.
Nevertheless, it must be recognised that the separation of the influence of varying atmospheric pressure
from that dependent on height above sea-level, is of such fundamental importance that no polar expedition
can now be regarded as completely equipped for meteorological and physiographical research unless it is
provided with the means of conducting levelling operations, independently of barometric variations. The
accurate measurement of the slope of the inland ice is required for the determination not only of the
atmospheric pressure gradient towards the pole, but also of the flow of the ice-cap.
24th January, 1918.
ARCH. GEIKIE,
President of the Royal Society.
Since the foregoing paragraphs were in type and ready to be printed off, tidings have come of the
appalling tragedy of the death of Captain SCOTT and his companions on their return journey from the
South Pole. It is not possible to allow this last contribution from the voyage of the " Discovery " to be
published without the addition of a few words expressive of the profound sorrow with which the loss of
these brave men has filled the hearts of all those who were associated with them in connection with
Antarctic exploration and its problems. We had learnt to appreciate the remarkable gifts of Captain
SCOTT and Dr. E. A. WILSON as explorers, and their charm as personal friends. We looked forward to
their return home, bringing with them another and still ampler harvest of results. They have lost their
lives in the cause of science, but their names are now imperishably graven on the bede-roll of the heroes
of polar discovery.
A. G.
14th February, 1913.
REMARKS ON THE CHARTS.
BY
M. W. CAMPBELL HEPWORTH, C.B., R.D., COMMANDER R.N.R.
THE COLLECTION or THE DATA.
mpxion with the scheme of International Antarctic Exploration, inaugurated at the beginning of
thu century, whirh attaiiiol it* fulfilment during the yean 1901-04, arrangement* were made by the
Hritiih Meteorological Office and the DeuUche Seewarte conjointly, prior to the departure for the Far
S<>uth <>f the British and German Expedition*, with a riew to obtaining synchronous observation* at
Noon (J.M.T. >f Uromctric prewure, air temperature, and wind frequency, during the period October,
1901, to March, 1903, for Latitude* South of the 30th parallel of South Latitude.
this country special registers, in a form agreed upon by the British and German Antarctic
Committees, were issued to the Ships of H.M. Navy through the Office of the Hydrographer (the late
Rear-Admiral Sir W. J. L. WIIAHTOX, K.C.B.). A circular letter, issued by the Meteorological Council to
marine observers in correspondence with the Office and others engaged on Southern voyages, soliciting
tht-ir co-operation in this work, met with a ready response, and a large numl>er of registers were
di.itribiited among the Commanders of Ships visiting the Southern Ocean, and numerous contributions
resulted. Subsequently the period originally specified was extended to 31t March, 1904, in consequence
of the detention of the "Discovery " in McMurdo Sound, South Victoria Land.
The Observatories of the Colonies in the Southern Hemisphere contributed valuable records and
observations in response to an invitation by the Royal Society.
By an arrangement between the Meteorological Office and the Deutsche Seewarte, an exchange of
observations, recorded on board ships from which contributions on the special Registers were received by
the respective Bureaux, was effected. In addition to the data thus collected by the Office a Urge number
of observations at noon G.M.T. were obtained from the "Discovery," "Morning," "Terra Nova," and
" Scotia," relating to the passages of these vessels to and from the Antarctic and while cruising in Antarctic
Seas ; also from many stations in Cape Colony, Australasia, South America, Ticrra del Fuego, and Kcrguelen
Island
AM regards information from stations in, and in the neighbourhood of, Antarctica, in addition to the
meteorological records kept at Winter Quarters of the " Discovery " in McMurdo Sound, observations
were obtained relating to the "Gauss" station of the German Expedition, near Kaiser VYilholm II. Land,
Laurie Island South Orkneys, and Snow Hill Inland Palmer Land, through the courtesy of the leaders of
the German, Scottish, and Swedish Antarctic Expeditions, Professor VON DBYOALSKI, Dr. W. S. But CE,
and Dr. OTTO NOBDBNSKJOLD, respectively.
Upon the information thus obtained are based the Daily Synchronous Charts of Sea-Level Pressure for
Noon G.M.T., with winds and air temperature, as well as the Charts of mean monthly pressure and air
temperature, and the Tables of average wind and gale frequency.
The list of contributors is as follows :
-HIPS of the Royal Navy (H.M.S.), Exploring Vessels (KS.), Steamships (S.S.), and Sailing V
the Mercantile Marine, from which Observations were Received.
a .,-
Adolf 8.
AtariUm 8.8.
Adolphc 8.
Afrir. , . . 8*.
AleiBom.
Alexandra
8.
8.
8.
8.
Alnwiok CMte
a.
II M -
Anaconda S.
Antoinette S.
Aotea 8.8.
Arcadia S.S.
Archer H.M.S.
Armadale Castle .... 8.8.
Artemis 8.
Arthur Fitger S.
A--..\, 8.8.
Asuncion de Larrinaga . . 8.8.
Aster S.
Atlantique 8.
Austral S.S.
Australasian S.S.
Australia S.S.
Austrian S.S.
Barracouta H.M.S.
Barrosa H.M.S.
Basilisk H.M.S.
Biessard S.
Blanche H.M.S.
Bremen S.
Britannica S.S.
Britannio S.S.
Caithness S.S.
Cambrian H.M.S.
Campinas S.
Cap Horn S.
Carisbrook Castle . . . S.S.
Carl S.
Chemnitz 8.
Chile S.
China S.S.
Christel S.
Chubut S.
Clan Ferguson .... S.S.
Clan Grant S.S.
Clan Mackinnon .... S.S.
Clan Maclaohlan .... 8.8.
Clan Bonald 8.8.
Clan Urquhart .... 8.8.
County of Kinross . . . S.
Courtfield 8.8.
Craigisla S.S.
Damascus 8.8.
Danube S.S.
Dart H.M.S.
D. H. Watjen S.
Discovery E.S.
Dominion S.S.
Don 8.
Dorade S.
Duisburg S.
Dunkerque S.
Dwarf H.M.S.
Earl Derby S.
Ecuador 8.
Egyptian Prince .... 8.8.
Elstree Grange .... 8.8.
Emilie Siegfried . . . . S.
Ems S.
Erne S.
European S.S.
Falls of Halladale . . . S.
Forte H.M.S.
Gauss S.S.
General de Sonis . . . . S.
General Foy S.
Gibraltar H.MS.
Goorkha S.S.
Gothic S.S.
Greta Holme S.S.
Harlech Castle .... S.S.
Harold ....... S.
Heliades 8.8.
Hera S.
Heraolides S.S.
Hermione S.
Herzogin Cecilie . . . . S.
Hibernian S.S.
Hilarius S.S.
Himalaya S.S.
Icarus H.M.S.
India S.S.
Indralema S.S.
Jacqueline S.
Jason S.S.
Jules Gommes S.
Kaikoura S.S.
Kaipara S.S.
Kalliope S.
Karamea S.S.
Karnak S.
Karrakatta H.M.S.
Kilbride S.S.
Kinfauns Castle .... 8.8.
Knight of St. George . . S.S.
Konigin Luise S.
Kurnara 8.8.
Ladye Doris 8.
L'Amiral Jaureguiberry . S.
Largo Law S.
Lisbeth S.
Lismore Castle .... S.S.
Lizard H.M.S.
Loch Katrine S.
Loch Tay S.
Loch Torridon . . . . S.
Lutterworth S.
Lynton S.
Macquarie 8.
Madeleine S.
Magdalena S.S.
Magpie H.M.S.
Mamari S.S.
Maori S.S.
Martho S.
Mutatua. . 8.8.
Medic S.S.
Menelaus S.S.
Metis S.
Mildura H.M.S.
Mombassa S.S.
Monarch H.M.S.
Montrose S.S.
Moravian S.S.
Morning E.S.
Mount Stewart . . . . S.
Naiad S.S.
Nauarchos S.
Nereide S.
Netlierby S.
Niagara S.
Nineveh S.S.
Niobe S.
Norman S.S.
Nymphe H.M.S.
Odin H.M.S.
Omega S.
Omrah S.S.
Ophir S.8.
Orient S.S.
Ormuz S.S.
Oro S.S.
Orontes S.S.
Otarama S.S.
Pakelm S.S.
Palmyra S.
Papanui S.S.
Paparoa S.S.
Paposo S.
Partridge H.M.S.
Pearl H.M.S.
Penguin H.M.S.
Pera S.
Perseverance S.
Persic S.S.
Persimmon S.
Peru S.
Pfalz S.
Phaeton H.M.S.
Philomel H.M.S.
Phoebe H.M.S.
Pitlochry 8.
Posen S.
Potomac S.S.
President Felix Faure . . S.
Pylades H.M.S.
Knkaia S.S.
Ramsay S.S.
Rangatira S.S.
Rattler H.M.S.
Reinbek S.
Rene S.
Reynolds 8.8.
Rhine S.
Rhone , . S.
KmmUla S.S.
Kmjraroomn . . IM
Bodenbek -
Boomer &&
Boamey () S S.
K..T.I Arthur II \l -
Kuaprliu M.S.
Bunie S.S.
.... S.S.
. . .
.... K -v
. . .
.... -
. ... HA.
- .-.
TerpaW,orv H.Ms.
Terpeiebore 8.
Terra Nora K.S.
Thekla S.
ThUtle II \l ~
Tyuca -
Tinto Hill S.
Tokomaru 84.
Tongariro M.S.
Torch H.M.S.
Turakina 8.8.
Valentino . . 8.
S.
V*rajan 8.
Vereaille. 8.
Victoria S.S.
Videtto 8.
Ville de Dijon 8.
Waikato 8JJ.
Wumale 8.8.
Wtiwrra 8.8.
Wakanui 8.8.
Wallaroo II M -
Walmmr Oaetle . ... 8.8.
Wap|ni H.
W.i.pilr II \l -
\Vliklnw 8.S.
OBSERVATIONS were Received from Observatories ami Meteorological Stations at the
following places :
P.Tt Pirie. Bay of bland*.
Adelaide. Waitara.
Port Viator. Cmpe Campbell.
Portland. The Brother*.
Port Fairy.
Melbourne. Wellington.
Port Darcy. Wanganui.
LauDcnton. Tauranga.
II. .hart. Napier.
Jerri* Bay. Ouborne.
Sydney.
Port Nolloth.
Hondekhp Bay.
Ookiep.
SaldanhaBar.
St. Helena Bay.
Lambert'* Bay.
Cap* Town.
Simon'* Bay.
Clan William.
Cap* AgH
Amalien*tein.
MoMlBay.
Wageoaar'* Kraal.
Cape St. Franci*.
AlgoaBay.
O rahametown.
SI utter heim.
Baet London.
Cmtata.
Durban.
CrosetlaUad.
Kafaar Wilhelm Land ("Oau*.'
Winter Quarter*).
Port Angiuta.
Cap* Leenwin.
Fre mantle.
Perth.
Albany.
BreakMa bland.
r - i. .
Port Stephen.
Victoria Land (" Di*oorery '
Quarter*).
The Bluff.
Inrercargill.
Nugget Point.
Cape Adare.
Dunedin.
Port Chalmen.
Winter
Weetpnrt.
Onriitf ii nron
LyUelton.
Cap* Miria ran Pieman.
Farewell Spit.
t.m
^P*r
New Plymouth.
P.
Juan Fernandei.
Krangeli*U.
Ancud.
Talcahuaoo.
ValdiTia.
rmifii
Valparaieo.
Coquimbo.
Pnnta Arena*.
Cape Virgin* (Dungenee*).
Port Madryn.
AirM.
Cap* Pembroke.
Snow 11:11
Montevideo.
Maldonado.
Laurie bland.
Coat 1 . Land.
The total number of observations charted amount* to 44,893, of which 29,354 are marine and 15,539
land observation*. The total number charted for 1902 i* 11,063, and for 1903, 10,851 ; of these 7,600, in
1902, and 5,703, in 1903, refer to land stations. The largwt number of marine observation* charted for
any one month is 1,435 relating to January, 1903 ; the largest number of observation* from land station*
is 744 relating to May, 1903. The smallest number of marine observations for any one month is 697 for
September, 1903 ; the smallest for land stations, 310 for October, 1901. The largwt number for a single
day is 52 marine for 22nd January, 1903, and 25 land for 27th May, 1903 ; but for all other days in that
8
month 24 land observations have been charted. The smallest number of observations for a single day is 19
marine for 9th October, 1903, 10 land throughout October, 1901, and 10 to 11 throughout March, 1904.
In the Eegisters issued by the Meteorological Office, observers were requested to give a few readings of
their barometer in ports visited in order that the error of the instrument might be estimated. Facilities
were given for recording these readings in the Register by the introduction of a special form.
Some of the observations received from British ships were recorded by trained observers with properly
verified instruments provided by the Office; the errors of these instruments were known ; but the majority
of instrumental observations were derived from barometers and thermometers supplied by the owners of
the vessels in which the observers were serving. The errors of these instruments were ascertained, when
possible, by comparison with standards at various ports, and the corrections registered, verified or
otherwise, by the comparison of readings noted in the special form of the Register with the corresponding
values published in the Daily Weather Reports of the country in which the observations were taken.
Entries in the Registers of doubtful accuracy have been discarded, and it must be admitted that a small
percentage of the wind observations charted are not in good agreement with the distribution of barometric
pressure to which they are related, particularly as regards direction. The discrepancies may, in most
cases, be attributed to the failure of the observer to realise, or to make sufficient allowance for, the effects
of aberration caused by the vessel's own motion.
THE DAILY AND MONTHLY CHARTS.
The result of the work is represented by daily charts for Noon Greenwich Mean Time with charts for
monthly pressure and air temperature.
In some respects the Daily Synchronous Charts are unique. The conditions which they are intended to
represent at a given time each day, for a period of thirty months, refer to an area that is far larger than
that embraced by any similar set of charts hitherto published. They include localities in the Antarctic,
and furnish daily a link between the conditions existing simultaneously in frigid zones and in sub-tropical
latitudes, represented on the one hand by three widely separated localities in Antarctica, and on the other
by the southern segments of the tropical anticyclones of the Southern Hemisphere. They establish, as a
fact, the permanence of these high-pressure areas of the great oceans, and show the gradual seasonal
migrations of the South Atlantic, South Pacific, and Indian Ocean anticyclones by the slow oscillations
of their southern edges.
Notwithstanding the large number of observations collated, the localities for which data are available
for each daily chart are comparatively few, and frequently isolated, owing to the vastness of the area
to which collectively they are related. Despite the sparseness of the observations charted, and the
obvious incompleteness in sequence of the conditions which the charts are designed to represent, the
information they afford is considerable, for not only are the positions of many high- and low-pressure
systems over various parts of the regions under notice indicated, but these " Highs " and " Lows " can,
for the most part, be identified day after day, the means being thus afforded for tracing the directions in
which their centres moved during more or less prolonged periods.
The limits of areas over which cyclonic depressions exercised an influence can, moreover, in a few
instances be defined and occasionally the places of their origin or extinction roughly determined.
As regards the charts of monthly pressure and air temperature at sea-level for each of the thirty months
under notice, although the number of observations upon which they are based is comparatively small, even
for those months in which the more ample data are available, it may nevertheless be claimed that they
exhibit broadly the more salient features in the distribution of the respective elements they represent
during the periods to which they refer. In addition, the charts of mean monthly pressure and air
temperature side by side with those of normal pressure and air temperature supply the means for
comparing th distribution of these elements, in the several months, with the average distribution.
The tables of monthly average wind and gale frequency introduced assist in the interpretation of the
mean monthly chart.
DISCUSSION OF CERTAIN CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM THE STUDY OF THE
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WIND AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
THE PATHS or THE CYCLONIC DEnuBOOHB or THE SOUTHERN OCEAN.
Hitherto adequate information has been wanting for the purpose of defining the average path* of
cyclonic depressions which visit the Southern Ocean and Southern Continents during the several seasons
of the year, and this information these eircumpolar chart* to some extent supply.
An attempt was made by the present writer in the year 1890 to determine, by the aid of observation*
extracted from a large number of logs relating to voyages between the Cape of Good Hope and Australaria
during the three years 1887-9, tbe mean paths of the centres of cyclonic system* moving eastward South
of the 38th parallel of latitude,* and subsequently to trace the centres of high- and low-pressure system*
in transit eastward over Australasia, t by reference principally to synoptic charts prepared at the Sydney
Observatory under the direction of the late Mr. H. C. Ri'sssix, then Government Astronomer for New
South Wales.
From the information obtained by means of the data contained in the log* referred to it was inferred
that East of the 30th meridian of Ea*t longitude the centre* of atmospheric disturbance* appeared to
travel to the eastward usually on paths lying South of the 43rd parallel of latitude during winter month*
and South of the 46th parallel during summer months. The evidence afforded by the daily synoptic
chart* of Australasia also appeared to favour this assumption, which is now confirmed by the testimony of
the daily chart* under notice.
In a memoir by the writer upon the Climatology of South Victoria Land and the Neighbouring Seaa,t
which is included in the published result* of meteorological observations of the " Discovery " Expedition,
during the years 1901 to 1904, attention is directed to the exceptionally favourable position, regarded a*
ft meteorological station in the Southern Ocean, in which the Winter Quarters of the Exploring Ship
"Gauss," of the German Antarctic Expedition, was situated. The value of the data obtained at this
station, on the fringe of Antarctica, is, moreover, considerably enhanced by observations recorded at the
German station on Kerguelen Island, because together they throw light upon point* in connexion with
the surface distribution of pressure and wind in cyclonic system* of the Southern Ocean, in regard to
which little ha* hitherto been known.
The following remarks in thi* connexion, which appear in the memoir referred to, are based upon the
date incorporated in the daily charts; it is, therefore, considered admissible to repeat them in these
-
Lying to the South of the westerly wind* of the Southern Ocean, and at the limit* of the southern
segment of those low-prenure areas which move from We*t to East with the westerly air current of the
Southern Hemisphere, the Winter Quarter* of the German Antarctic Expedition were exceptionally well
situated as an observing station from a meteorological point of view.
It has been thought by meteorologists, who have attacked the problem, that, associated with the
depressions which traverse tbe Southern Oceans, depressions which are usually elliptical in shape and have
their major axes extended in a northerly and southerly direction, the easterly winds in the southern
segment of the system are almost always light or moderate in force. Ships running down the easting in
-Wind SyiUBM and Trade Bomtee between the Cape of Good llope and Anetimlie," 'Quarterly Journal, Royal
Metsoroloycul Society,' Vol. XVII. (1891), pp. 21-27.
I he Track* of Orran Wind ByHenw in Tnnait arrow ABetnOaata," ' Quarterly Journal. Royal Meteorological Sorirt y. 1
Vol. XIX. (ISM), pp. 4-*a
J - ninnllllnij nf Victoria Land sad DM Seifhboorinf Sea*,"' National Antarctic Expedition, Mrteorolo(y,' Fart I.
C
10
high southern latitudes seldom experience strong winds or gales from Eastward, even when there appears
to be evidence to show that they are situated well to the south of the central " low " of a cyclonic wind
system. It has, therefore, been assumed that in these systems the gradient polewards is normally slight,
and that on its southern side the low pressure dominates but a small area.
The results of observations obtained by the German Expedition at Kerguelen Island and at Kaiser
Wilhelm II. Land go far to prove that depressions which traverse the Southern Ocean cover a much larger
area on their southern side than was hitherto supposed, and that although Easterly gales are seldom met
with on the trade routes referred to, nevertheless they occur, considerably further south, it is true, but
still within the limits of the system and forming part of their circulation.
The rise of temperature which was associated with gales from Eastward at the " Gauss " Winter Station
and which, as a rule, continued until the wind began to moderate, may be attributed to the circulation of
warm air drawn from lower and warmer latitudes about a minimum pressure far north of the station.
Frequently the daily observations at noon G.M.T. of barometer and wind recorded by the German
Antarctic Expedition at Kerguelen Island and at the " Gauss " Winter Quarters respectively the former
supplemented and confirmed by similar observations made on board ships situated in the neighbourhood
of the island indicate a connexion between the strong winds and gales from Northward and Westward
associated with diminishing pressure at Kerguelen and the strong winds and gales from eastward experienced
at the " Gauss " station. The distance between the meridians of these two stations respectively, on a
middle latitude of 57 43' S., is about 630 miles. As instances in which the common origin of these
increases in wind force, experienced at the two stations, is shown, the following cases are cited. Doubtless
the fuller data in the possession of the German meteorologists bring into greater prominence the connexion
referred to. It should be understood that noon G.M.T. observations only are cited.
18th to 20th February, 1902.
At Kerguelen Island on the 18th February, 1902, at noon G.M.T., the barometer stood at 29 - 75 inches,
the thermometer at 45 F. ; the wind was from West, force 5. Next day the mercury had fallen to
29 "43 inches, the temperature had risen 1; and the wind, still from West, had increased to a fresh
gale, indicating a gradient to the South. On the 20th the barometer had risen to 29 '80 inches, the
thermometer showed a drop in the temperature to 42 F., and the wind had backed to West-south-west.
The depression was passing away to the eastward.
By this time, at noon G.M.T., on the 20th, on board the " Gauss," in latitude 65 55' S., longitude
90 20' E., the barometer indicated a pressure of 29 '55 inches, which was diminishing, the thermometer
marked 28 F., and a fresh breeze was blowing from East. The mercury had fallen to 29 '28 inches on
the 21st in latitude 66 17' S., longitude 90 43' E. ; temperature had risen to 31 F., and the direction
and force of the wind were the same as on the previous day. On the 22nd, the " Gauss " being then in
her Winter Quarters, the mercury had fallen but slightly, to 29 25 inches ; the temperature had dropped
to 25 F., and a strong gale was blowing from East-by-south. The gale had not abated at noon G.M.T.
on the day following, when the direction of the wind had changed to East. The barometer then stood at
29 '23 inches, the thermometer at 24 F. The mercury had fallen to 29 '14 inches on the 24th;
temperature had risen to 29 F., but the gale was abating.
23rd to 28th April, 1902.
On the 23rd April of the same year, at noon G.M.T., pressure at Kerguelen Island had fallen 0'71 inch
and temperature had risen 8 F. during the preceding 24 hours. The barometer then read 29 - 20 inches
and the thermometer 48 F. ; the breeze blew freshly from West-north-west. At the same G.M.T. a
barometer reading of 29 '58 inches was recorded at the " Gauss" station; the temperature was 9 F., and
the wind gentle from East-south-east. On the 24th the mercury had risen to 29 '33 inches at Kerguelen
Island, the temperature had dropped to 34 F., and the wind had backed to South-west-by-west and
moderated. The disturbance, with which the diminution of pressure at the island had been associated,
was then passing away to the eastward. At the " Gauss " station the mercury had by this time fallen to
11
59-38 inch**, the thermometer had risen to IT ., and ttrong gale from Kast-by-north had set in. The
mercury . ..i.tinu.-.l i<> fall. mi (! -jvli it had fallen to i"J- 1 1 inches, and the thennoineter marked 16' F. ;
the direction of the wind had not changed. I.IK il,,- f..t,c had increased to 10.
Ths barometer WM down to 28-49 inches on the 26th ; the thermometer had risen to 17* F., and the
wind ttill blew with the force of a whole gale from but by- north. On the day following the mercury had
ruen to 28-72 inche* and wai still rising; temperature bnd dropped to 16* F., and the gala continued,
unabated, from the same point. The wind m,l, ruUxl on the 28th, when the mercury had risen to
todtoSth May, 1908.
veen the 2nd and 6th May, 1902, pressure at Kerguelen Island diminished from 29-92 inches to
M -t inches, and fresh winds were experienced from North-westward, backing to Westward. The
temperature between the 4th and 5lh had risen from 34* F. to 42" F. From the 4th to the 7tb of tin-
nu.nth. inrlu.ivi>, the "Gauss" station was visited by a strong to whole gale from East-by-north, pressure
having diminished from 29-24 inches, on the 3rd, to 28 -52 inches on the 6th, and temperature risen
during that period from - 4* F. to 21* F.
ir.th to lifth May, 19M.
Again, between the 15th and 17th of the same month, pressure at Kerguelen Inland declined from
29-33 inches to 28-90 inches, and temperature rose from 30* F. to 42' F. Strong winds from between
West-north-west and West-south-west were recorded at this time and also on the 18th at the island, and
strong winds and gales on board ships in the neighbourhood of the island
At the German station in the Antarctic the barometer showed a fall from 29 '23 inches to 29 '09 inches
between the 17th and 18th, the thermometer a rise from 9* F. to 13* F., and the wind, from Kost-by-north,
increased in force to a fresh gale. On the 19th the barometer had risen to 29*24 inches, and the wind
increased from the same point to a whole gale. Next day the mercury had risen to 29-43 inches,
temperature had dropped to 8* F., and the gale was over.
4th to 7th June, 1902.
A rapid diminution of pressure, rise of temperature, and increase of wind to gale force, which occurred
from the 4th to the 6th June at the Antarctic station, was evidently associated with a diminution of
pressure and increase of wind to gale force previously recorded (between the 3rd and 5th of the month)
.it Kerguelen Island and on board the S.S. " Waimate, " in a position, on the 4th, rather more than 100
miles south of the island.
Subsequently, between the 6th and 7th of June, the " Waimate," passing the meridian of the " Gauss "
station in latitude 50}' S., experienced a fresh to strong gale from West-south-west, veering to North-
west, while pressure increased at the Antarctic station, and the wind moderated from a whole gale to a
strong breexe.
-.th to 8th July, 19OX.
On the 5th July a rapid fall of the mercury recorded at Kerguelen Island and on board ships
approaching the neighbourhood of the island resulted in an increase of wind on the 6th, which had backed
from North-west to West, and blew a fresh gale from the latter direction. During these two days the
mercury at the "Gauss" station fell 0-58 inch, and the thermometer rose 11*, and on the 7th an
increasing wind attained the force of a fresh gale. The barometer then commenced to rise ; the tempe-
rature had risen 5* since the preceding day, and marked 21* F. Next day the gale was over.
llth to lath July, 1902.
I the 1-Jth to the 13th of the same month barometric pressure at Kerguelen Island declined from
29-82 inches to 28-84 inches, the wind at the same time backing from North-west to West, and I
Between the llth and 12th the thermometer had risen 4'.
C 2
12
On the 13th a light South-west breeze obtained at the Antarctic station, pressure increasing, the
temperature - 11 F. On the 14th the barometer there read as high as 29 '58 inches; the temperature
had risen to - 4" F., but the wind had backed to East-by-south, and was entered in the record as a fresli
breeze. On the 15th the mercury had fallen half an inch, the thermometer risen 19, and the wind was
blowing with storm force from Eastrby-north. With a slight recovery of pressure on the 16th, it
moderated to a fresh gale, but subsequently increased to a strong gale, still from the same point, and this
continued, pressure the while declining, until the 18th, when the barometer had fallen to 28 '61 inches, and
the thermometer marked 17 F. Pressure recovered next day and the wind moderated, but the temperature
had risen to 20 F. ; it fell, however, on the 20th to 1 F.
80th July to 8th August, 1902,
A rapid fall in the barometer from 30 - 37 inches to 29 '62 inches occurred at Kerguelen Island between
the 30th and 31st July, occasioning an increase of wind, and associated with a slight rise of temperature.
On these days the mercury fell ' 4 inch at the " Gauss " station, and the direction of the wind changed
from West-north-west on the 30th to East-by-south on the 31st, increasing in force at the same time. On
the 1st August the mercury had fallen as low as 27 '82 inches, and a whole gale was blowing from East-
by-north. The temperature had risen 10 since noon G.M.T. of the preceding day.
A diminution of pressure and decrease in wind force recorded at Kerguelen Island and on board ships
in the neighbourhood of the island, on the 6th and 7th August, appear to have been associated with a
diminution of pressure, rise of temperature, and increase of wind from East-by-north to gale force, recorded
on board the " Gauss " on the 7th and 8th of the month.
15th to 17th August, 1902.
Reduction of pressure at the island, again, on the 15th to the 17th of the same month, was followed at
the "Gauss" station by a rise of temperature between the 16th and 17th of 25, and a fall in the
barometer of 0'74 inch between the 17th and 18th, together with an increase of wind from East-by-north
on the 18th to storm force.
llth and 12th, 20th and 21st October, 1902.
Diminishing pressure, accompanied by increase of wind, recorded at Kerguelen Island and by ships in
the neighbourhood of the island on the llth and 12th October, and again on the 20th and 21st of that
month, was followed at the German Antarctic station by decline of pressure, rise of temperature, and
increase of wind to whole gale force.
llth to 14th December, 1902.
On the llth December a fall in the barometer of more than half an inch had been recorded at Kerguelen
Island for the previous 24 hours, and the ship " Niagara," some 250 miles north-eastward of the island,
was experiencing a strong gale from North-north-west. On the following day the centre of disturbance,
progressing eastward, had passed the meridian of the station at Kerguelen, and the S.S. " Salami's," in the
immediate neighbourhood of the island, had a strong wind from South-by-west. At the German station
in the Antarctic pressure was then giving way, but the wind, from East-north-east, was light. About
1 300 miles due north of the " Gauss " the " Loch Torridon " recorded a strong wind from North-by-west
and a barometer reading of 29 '56 inches, which was 0'28 inch higher than the reading recorded at the
same time on board the " Gauss."
The "Niagara," then in about 45 S. latitude, 81 J E. longitude, still had the wind from Northward,
and was therefore in front of the trough of the depression. On the 13th the " Loch Torridon" and the
" Niagara " carried a Westerly wind, and the latter, in about 45 S. latitude, 86 J E. longitude, was
running before a fresh gale, with the central low to the southward of her.
II
Tli.- Ant.v. ti. sinti..n, where pressure had continued to give way, wu now under the full influence of
i hi- disturbance, and a fresh Easterly gale wu blowing there. but the wind moderated next day. During
.ile temperature appean to have changed very little
A diminution of procure recorded at Kerguelen Island and on board ship* in the neighbourhood of t he
ialand between the 6th and 8th February, 1903, which was accompanied by an increase of wind, wu
followed on the 9th by a diminution of pressure and a strong gale from Kut, in 65' 53' &, 89* L'l K , the
position in which the " Gauss" wu situated.
Other instances furnished by synchronous G.M.T. observations could be cited to show how the gales
experienced at Kaiser Wilhclm II. Land, during the sojourn there of the German Exploring Expedition.
frequently owed their origin to systems of low pressure travelling outward, which had previously affected
the weather conditions of Kerguelen and ships in the neighbourhood of the island, giving rise to strung
winds and gales in those localities.
Sunlif<l in connexion with the more ample information in reference to the meteorology of the Antarctic
during the same period, which is given in Part I. of this work, considerable light is thrown by these
(.'hart* upon problem* relating to pressure distribution and wind circulation in, and in the neighbourhood
of, those localities in which the Winter Quarters of the British, German, Scottish, and Swedish Expedition*
were situated. They afford additional examples which may be explained by the supposition that the
; winds and gales from polar directions experienced by the "Discovery" Expedition in South
Victoria Land were accompanied by a decided rise of temperature, because they had their origin in lower
latitudes over the ocean.
The train of low-pressure areas during their passage eastward in this part of the Southern Ocean
frequently follows a more southerly path after passing Cape Adair, the centres of the depression* striking
math-eastward and the areas of disturbance spreading over the ROM Sea.
With a cyclonic depression dominating air circulation over, and in the vicinity of, the Koss Sea, winds
arc Northerly to Northeasterly in the eastern segment of the system, seaward ; Easterly to South-easterly
in the southern segment, over and immediately to the south of the ice barrier ; and Southerly to South-
westerly in the western segment, following the trend of the mountain ranges. It is contended, therefore,
that the relative warmth of the winds having a southerly component in South Victoria Land may
reasonably be attributed to the place of origin in lower latitudes over the ocean, though the cold of
higher polar regions makes itself felt in the south-westerly segment of the cyclonic depression of that
region.
The WeddtU Sea Kegio*.
McMurdo Sound is situated nearly 400 miles south of North Cape, and west of the easternmost spur of
the Admiralty Range. It is, in consequence, sheltered to some extent from northerly winds by this range,
and by the out roast ranges, including Prince Albert Mountains, which afford shelter from north-westerly
. .
Snow Hill, sheltered for the most part from between North-north-east and West by the heighu of
.loinville Island, which include Mount Percy, by those of Louis Philippe Land, and of Palmer Land,
from which rises Mount Uaddington, is somewhat similarly situated u regards exposure to winds, so
that strong winds and gales from an equatorial quarter are rarely experienced there, while Southerly and
S. nth-westerly winds prevail, and frequently attain to gale force.
Because the depressions which exercise the most influence upon the weather conditions of the South
Orkneys are those which more to the south-eastward after passing the 60th meridian, the average air
circulation in, and in the neighbourhood of, the Weddell Sea, accruing from a procession of these cyclone*,
approximates to that which would obtain were an area of low pressure situated over that sea, occuioning
Northerly and North-westerly winds over the eastern aide of the sea, Easterly on the southern aide;
Southerly and South-westerly on the western, and Westerly on the northern aide.
14
The prevailing winds at Laurie Island, South Orkneys, the station of the Scottish Antarctic Expedition,
during the year 1903 were North-westerly, but Northerly and Westerly winds were rather frequent. At
Snow Hill, the Swedish station, the average direction of the wind, from March, 1902, to October, 1903,
inclusive, was about South-south-west, the prevailing winds being from South or South-west. When
gales occurred they blew almost exclusively from Southward and South-westward. On board the " Scotia,"
near the ice barrier bordering the land discovered by the Scottish Expedition in latitude 74 1' S., longitude
22 W., and named by the leader, Mr. BRUCE, " Coats Land," the prevailing direction of the wind from
the 7th to the 12th of March, 1904, the period of the " Scotia's" stay there, was Easterly; and from the
7th to the 10th the wind blew with gale force.
It seems probable that between sea and ice barrier in the southern extremity of the Weddell Sea, under
normal conditions, there exists a slight pressure gradient for Easterly winds, and that the gales from
Eastward which occur there are the result of a steepening of this gradient associated with depressions
centred to the north of the barrier, and moving eastward or south-eastward.
The Region of Kaiser Wilhelm II. Land.
At the Winter Quarters of the German Expedition, in latitude 66 2' S., longitude 89 48' W., where
the "Gauss" lay frozen in during the period March, 1902, to February, 1903, nearly 53 per cent, of all
wind observations were of winds from East-by-north, East, and East-by-south ; 73 per cent, being from
directions in the eastern half of the horizon; 16 per cent, from directions in the western half; and 11 per
cent, being noted as calms.* The Easterly winds were stronger than those from any other direction ; out
of 793 hours of strong winds, recorded in the course of twelve months, no less than 90 per cent, were
from East-by-north, East, or East-by-south.
From the 28th April to the 10th May, and again from the 28th September to the 9th October, periods
of 13 and 15 days respectively, meteorological observations were obtained at the foot of the Gaussberg, a
mountain situated in latitude 66 48' S., longitude 89 30' E., on the verge of the inland ice barrier,
53 miles south from the " Gauss." By comparing the observations of barometric pressure taken at this
station with those obtained on board the " Gauss," it was found that pressure was slightly higher at the
foot of the mountain than it was on board the ship. During the earlier period the difference amounted to
1-7 mm. (0-067 inch), and during the latter to 0'8 mm. (O'OSl inch).
This slight increase of pressure landward was thought to be confirmatory of an inference that had been
drawn from the direction of the prevailing wind that pressure increased with latitude southward.
Whether this be the case or not, the frequency of winds from Eastward is doubtless due to the existence
of a pressure gradient between land and sea, and to the general east and west trend of the coast line.
The steepness of this pressure gradient is increased, and Easterly gales occasioned, by the incursion of
eastward moving low-pressure wind systems. The Easterly gales experienced by the German Expedition
at the " Gauss " station were always attended with a steady rise of air temperature, the thermometer
continuing to rise until the wind had attained its maximum force. This increase of temperature associated
with gales from Eastward may be regarded as a proof that the winds have their origin in lower, warmer,
and possibly in tropical latitudes over the ocean, and that they form part of the circulation of eastward
moving cyclonic systems, flowing in front of their centres ; for during gales from Westward at this station
there was always a fall of temperature. The remaining part of the air from the Northward, which, by
circulating in rear of these central " lows," had parted with its heat during its passage over the Antarctic,
is reinforced by air from polar regions, and occasions a fall of temperature.
The Westerly winds that are shown by the charts to occur occasionally at Kaiser Wilhelm II. Land
immediately after a cyclonic depression has passed eastward to the north of the " Gauss " station, may
belong to the wind system of a secondary depression, and the fall of temperature with which it is attended
may be due to the introduction of air of polar origin into the circulation of this secondary.
It will be seen from the foregoing that, as a result of the wind circulation set up during the passage
"Wind Conditions at the 'Oauss' Winter Quarters," by Dr. WILH. MKINABDUS, Berlin, ' The Proceedings of the
Fifteenth German Assembly of Geographers at Danzig in 1905.'
15
outward of sticcuMive low pressure systems orr the Southern Ocean, relatively warm air U coimuntly
lieing drawn from lower latitude* in front of central area* of depression, which, after parting with heat in
the frigid cone and Iwing still further . Inllr.l l.y i|,,. mixing of air of polar origin, leave the Antarctic M a
("lil wind.
Tin.* exposition of surface wind . in ul iti.m in high latitudes, which is bated on a cloM examination of
the nwulu of observation* represented on the daily charta, wai offered by the writer in the memoir on tin-
Climatology of South Victoria Liml in 1'art I. f this work. The propoiition hat lince been elaborated
.iii.l extended to equatorial regions hy Dr. W. J. LOCKYER,* who suggesu that the warm air currenU
in ul:tiiii: in front of the baric minima of eattward moving depressions are of equatorial origin, and that
hey have traversed the southern and western segments of their circuit they rejoin the westerly air
current, and so return by the trade wind circulation to the equator on the eastern side of anticyclones.
This, as the writer understands it, is in effect the suggestion put forward, and it is a proposition with
whirh, in the main, ho is in accord.
ANTICYCLONES OF THE SUB-TROPICAI. BELT.
In regard to this subject Dr. LUCKY Kit, in the work already quoted, favours the views held by the late
M II i r'.RA, ( M <!., in regard to these ocean anticyclones and the high-pressure belt. He
believes that in latitudes north of the cone of travelling depressions in the Southern Ocean a train of
.mi : v- !MCS moves eastward, following one another in quick succession, ami that in charting the mean
results of barometer readings recorded in those latitudes the effect is produced on chart* relating to average
pressure of permanent areas of maximum barometer within a permanent belt where barometer readings are
relatively high. Dr. LUCKY Kit thinks that anticyclones make the circuit of the globe, forming, dispersing,
ami reforming during their passage, and that it is in this manner that the temperate zone is bridged, .m<l
the union between tropical and polar air cin-ulation established. He supposes, moreover, that between
each of the anticyclones the northern segments of extensive cyclonic depressions, travelling eastward,
<-l>t rude, while the anticyclones move with them.
Mr. l;i SHELL assumed the rate of translation of these hypothetical systems of high pressure over the
Southern Ocean to be about 460 miles per day ; were his theory correct, however, a vessel of average
peed running eastward between the 30th and 40th or even the 45th parallels of latitude would be over-
taken by a succession of anticyclones. On the approach of each the wind would commence to freshen
from some point between South and West with a rising barometer, subsequently veering to Northward
with a falling barometer and moderating ; and a vessel making the passage homeward from Australia riA
the Cape of Good Hope in about the 30th parallel would meet these high-pressure systems, moving in the
opposite direction, and experience a similar sequence of changes repeated in rapid succession.
Now it is well known that the reverse obtains; winds experienced by vessels running eastward
commence to freshen from a northerly or north-westerly direction with a falling barometer; back to the
south westward or southward with a rising barometer and moderate.
To the navigator making the passage between the meridian of Cape Point and that of Cape Leeuwin or
of Stewart Island the overtaking depressions are of so marked a character, and the influence they exert
upon the progress of his vessel so considerable, that there can be in his mind at least no doubt as to their
dominance over the weather.
The evidence afforded by the synchronous daily charts under notice, as well as by chart* of average
barometrical pressure, is, moreover, in direct contradiction to Mr. RrssEU.'s theory, while, on the other
hand, it can be proved conclusively by reference to such charts that the anticyclones of the great oceans
are permanent systems of high pressure.
It must be admitted, nevertheless, that the appearance over the extreme west of Australia, on the
daily weather charts that are drafted, of these anticyclones, month after month, and their regular progress
crow the island continent conveys the impression that they are visitors from the Indian Ocean and might
have formed, as Mr. KCSSELJ. supposed, thousands of miles to the westward.
Southern Hrmitphrr* Surfac* Air CircuUtioo,' by WILLIAM J. 8. LOCKTM, M.A. (Ctoteb.), Ph.D. (OOUin|M).
F.K.AJ&, Chief AaiirsM, Solar Phrrfes Ofassmtory.
16
The interchange of air between equatorial and polar regions may be effected through the intermediary
of anticyclonic circulations, albeit these high-pressure systems are permanent ; and, in the opinion of the
writer, the temperate zones are bridged in this manner. The heat thus transmitted from low to high
latitudes, while mitigating in some measure the severity of the climate of northern Antarctica, may also
contribute towards the disruption of ice from outlying ice barriers. Similarly the introduction of cool air
from high to low latitudes doubtless exercises an ameliorating effect upon tropical regions through the
agency of the trade winds.
THE KATE OF TRAVEL OF CYCLONIC DEPRESSIONS.
To revert to the cyclonic depressions experienced in far southern seas ; it has been ascertained* that in
the Southern Ocean, between the meridians of 10 and 140 E., the strongest gales experienced near the
centre of a cyclonic depression blow in its front, from between North-east and North-west, and that the
wind moderates when it backs to Westward, as pressure increases ; whereas gales that occur within the
northern segment of a cyclonic depression remote from its centre attain their highest velocity in rear of
the line of lowest barometer readings, from some point to the South of West, usually from about South-
west, while pressure is rapidly recovering, the wind having been comparatively moderate from North-
westward while pressure was diminishing.
The high velocity of the wind on the outskirts of a depression in rear of its centre may be attributed
partly to the proximity of the high-pressure belt situated to the north of the Westerly air current, and
partly to the rapid recovery of pressure that takes place by replenishment of air from a polar quarter.
The paths followed by centres of cyclonic depressions vary with the season ; the parallels along which
they move to the eastward depending mainly upon the position of the tropical high-pressure belt which
consists, for the most part, of the southern anticyclones of the great oceans ; which, in addition to their
annual east and west expansion and contraction, have a motion North and South. The amplitude of
these seasonal oscillations appears to vary in different years ; and it has been suggested that the tropical
anticyclones may have a cycle of long period as well as a seasonal movement. This point will be referred
to later.
The average paths of the centres of cyclonic depressions depicted on the daily charts under notice have
been estimated and grouped. The method employed in their construction was as follows : The probable
positions of the centres of all depressions, that can be identified day after day on four or more consecutive
daily charts, were plotted on skeleton charts. Four charts were used for this purpose, one for each
season of the year ; and the several positions allotted to the centre of each identical system was joined by
a line. Parallel to, and bisecting as nearly as possible the areas covered by the paths indicated, a line was
drawn to represent the average path.
In grouping the paths in seasons, the months of September, October, November are selected to represent
Spring ; December, January, February : Summer ; March, April, May : Autumn ; and June, July, August :
Winter.
The results obtained are as follow : The average path of all central areas of depression charted for the
entire period, October, 1901, to March, 1904, is found to have been in about the 52nd parallel. Between
the meridians of 20 E. and 150 E., that is to say, over the South Indian division of the Southern Ocean, it
was between the 49th and 50th parallels; and between 150 E. and 70 W., the South Pacific division, in
about the 55th.
The South Atlantic division of the ocean, embraced by the meridians 70 W. and 20 E., is rarely visited
by ships, except on the western side ; the observations relating to that portion of the Southern Ocean are,
therefore, limited almost exclusively to that side, and to that side only the average paths estimated for
this division of the ocean refer.
During each of the seasons the centres of depression after passing the meridian of Joinville Island, about
56 W., either struck eastward or south-eastward; or moved cast-north-eastward or north-eastward.
In the Spring of the year the average path taken by centres of depression is found to have been between
* ' The Tracks of Ocean Wind Sjutcms in Transit across Australasia," quoted on p. 9.
17
tin- Iii'li.in .li\ i>i..n, .uid between the 84th and the 55th in th. I'M ill- The
< rntres entered the on on or near the 58th parallel, thence about one third of them moved
north-eastward, and the remainder pMMd between Danco Land and the South Orkney*. During the-
in.. nt h the 5Srd WM the avenge parallel along which the centres travelled eastward in tho
.'.n i. : ,.n, and they followed a path between the 56th and 57th in that of the Pacific. After pawing
the 56th meridian of W. longitude, about half the -ntral areas of depression travelled East-south-east
between Palmer Land and Danco Land and the South Orkneys, and the other half passed away to the-
north-eastward. 1 hiring Autumn and Winter the paths were confined to cones between 48* S. and 49* 8.
in th.- South Indian division, and between 55* 8. and 56* 8. in the Pm-iti- After entering the Atlantic
n, i.iih.-r less than one thin) <>f the .mires moved east-south-eastward or eastward across Danco
nt between Danco Land .-md tin- South Orkneys, the remainder passing east-north-eastward or
eastward into the Athmtir. A few crossed Tierra del Fuego or the southern extremity of
I'
The paths of c-v, I..HK centres are found to have been more scattered during the Autumn and Winter
months than in Spring and Summer in all part* of the Southern Ocean.
i !.>nic storms, presumably of tropical origin, are represented on each of the charts on which the
central positions of Summer and Autumn depressions were plotted, but they are confined to the western
a of the Pacific divisi-.ii <>f the Southern Ocean. These appear to have moved into the Tasman Sea
from the north-westward, one in the Summer of 1901 and one in each of the Autumns of 1902 and 1903.
The centre of the 1902 storm moved south-eastward to the north-west coast of New Zealand, then. <
south, passing through Cook Strait, and subsequently zigzagged to the eastward. It can be identified on
the daily charts from a position in about 34' S., 169$" E., on the 12th December to a position in about
54 J S., 148}* W., on the 19th of that month, representing a travel of 2187 nautical miles, at an average
rate of translation of 312 nautical miles per day.
The cyclones of the Autumns of 1901 and 1903 moved east-south-eastward after crossing the 30th
parallel, but cannot be traced to the eastward of the 180th meridian.
The tropical disturbance of December, 1901, above mentioned, is not the only cyclonic depression that
can be traced on the daily charts for a number of days consecutively. Similar instances of identification,
day after day, of such systems after their initial location can be cited as follows :
March 7-15, 1902. From 56 S., 146' W. to 55* 8., 80* W. - 2243 miles; 280 miles per day.
May 2-10, 1902. From 53" S., 102' E. to 47' S., 175* E. - 2840 miles; 355 miles per day.
May 29-June 5, 1902. From 47 J" S., 17* E. to 60* 8., 83* E. = 2433 miles; 34 miles per day.
September 2-9, 1902. From 57' S., 80* E. to 47' S., 131 J* E. - 2510 miles ; 359 miles per day.
May 16-23, 1903. From 54' S., 131' W. to 58' S., 72* W. - 1995 miles ; 285 miles per day.
;.tember 21-29, 1903. From 47J* 8., 89' E. to 50J* S., 130* E. - 1625 miles; 203 miles per day.
December 10-17, 1903. From 40' S., ISO* E. to 55' S., 171* E. - 1890 miles; 270 miles per day.
February 8-15, 1904. From 40* S., 164* E. to 52J* S., 166* W. - 1890 miles; 270 miles per day.
If ihe centres of the respective cyclonic depressions have been correctly located, the average <laily rate
at which they progressed was nearly 300 miles.
While the number of cyclonic systems that can be identified for four or more days in succession, during
their passage over the ocean, is large, the only moving anticyclonic systems that can be traced for more
than three consecutive days are : (1) Those that appear to have their origin to the west of Australia, the
centres of which travel eastward, join the Australian " high," and subsequently move across or to the south
of Australia, over the Tasman Sea and New Zealand or immediately north or south of those islands, and
then disappear over the Pacific. (2) Those that move eastwards from the South American Continent,
orer the sea, and soon after disappear over the Atlantic.
The former appear to originate as secondary high-pressure systems thrown off the South Indian
.intii vclone ; the latter appear to form over the land.
As regards the paths of anticyclones, shown on the chart*, the instances are rare in which areas of high
barometer, other than those that obviously form part of the permanent anticyclones of the great oceans,
D
18
can be traced over the ocean for more than three consecutive days ; and when such areas can be identified
for as many as three days, their movements are shown to be erratic and slow.
Over the continents it is otherwise, and in connexion with an investigation, already referred to, the
writer found that from November to March inclusive the centres of moving anticyclones that appear over
Australia follow paths lying chiefly over the ocean, not far from but to the South of the island Continent,
thence over the Tasman Sea, and across or just South of the Middle and South Island of New Zealand ;
but from May to September inclusive, chiefly over the southern part of Australia, over the Tasman Sea
and New Zealand.
He expressed the opinion that these anticyclones form over the cool plains of Western Australia during
the winter months, and over the relatively cool sea immediately South-west of the land during the summer,
spreading subsequently from the sea northward over the land.
Evidence is not wanting, moreover, to prove that small areas of high pressure, breaking off the Indian
Ocean anticyclone, drift eastward and reinforce these high pressure areas that have formed ; and that the
relatively high-pressure ridges which follow in rear of depressions also are merged in these " highs."
CHAETS OF MEAN PEESSUEE AND AIE TEMPEEATUEE.
By a close examination of the data exhibited on the charts of mean pressure for Noon G.M.T., month
by month, it is found possible to follow the seasonal oscillations of the tropical high-pressure belt, as
represented by the southern margins of the ocean anticyclones : and, by comparing each chart with the
accompanying chart illustrating normal pressure distribution, to detect displacements of the belt from its
average southern limit in any month or series of months to which the charts refer. The evidence thus
afforded by the pressure charts is in a measure supplemented by a similar comparison of the charted
observations of air temperature with average results on the charts accompanying them. Thus it is found
that during the last three months of 1901 the southern margins of the South Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and
South-eastern Pacific permanent high-pressure areas were North and West of their average positions ; that
of the South-western Pacific was South of the average, and exhibited no departure from the average as
regards longitude. In these months the mean air temperature appears to have been above the normal in
the Atlantic and Indian Ocean divisions of the Southern Ocean ; but about the normal in the South-eastern
and South-western Pacific divisions.
During the greater part of 1902 the ocean anticyclones were again North of their average southern
limits and the Atlantic anticyclone was West of its average position. The Indian Ocean and South Pacific
anticyclones, however, appear in their average positions as regards longitude.
Air temperature over the Southern Ocean, as indicated by the charts, was in each month of this year
either about the normal or above it, except in the South-western Pacific division of the ocean, where it
seems to have been below the normal.
During the year 1903 the southern margin of the high-pressure belt is charted in or near its average
parallels ; and, while the South Atlantic and Indian Ocean areas of maximum pressure are shown to have
been West of their average positions, the two South Pacific areas are located slightly to the East of the
average.
As regards mean air temperature during that year, this appears from the position of the isotherms to
have been higher than the normal over the South Atlantic and the South-eastern Pacific divisions of the
Southern Ocean, slightly above the normal over the Indian Ocean division, and slightly below the normal
over the South-western Pacific division.
In the first three months of 1904 the southern margin of the belt is charted in about its average
parallels. The air temperature indicated by the isotherms for those months is above normal, except in the
South-Western Pacific division, where a slight defect in temperature is indicated.
In a paper contributed to the Eoyal Meteorological Society in 1908 by Colonel H. E. EAWSON, C.B., E.E.,*
it was pointed out that when isobaric charts of the Southern Hemisphere relating to any month or months
which had been prepared in different years were compared with one another, the action-centre of the South
* " The Anticyclonic Belt of the Southern Hemisphere," ' Quarterly Journal, Roy. Met. Soc.,' July, 1908.
19
Atlantic antii \vlone was found to ic-nipy different position* in the corresponding month or month* on the
chart* of . years. He foim.l that if Hi n lift li:rt. publish.-! ,., IMV.I. arc compared with
those prepar.-.! l.y the same authority for 1870-84, or if MOBN'H chart* publuhed in 1879, 1883 and 1903
are compared with thoM prepared by the Meteorological Office, which are baaed on observation* recorded
in nearly 3300 log* extending over the period 1855-99, the mean monthly position of the artio*<r*trt*
will }f f..un.l t.. vary very considerably both in latitude and longitude. Colonel KAWHON conclule<l that
in addition to the seasonal migration of the high pressure belt, which ha* so long been recognised, there
is a progressive displacement going on from year to year, in consequence of which the belt is in some
years nearer to the Equator than in other*. He believed he had found strong evidence of cyclical change*
having taken place in the belt's latitude, and of the existence of an interval of 9} years between the times
of its passing from its extreme northern to its extreme southern positions, and vice r*l. If Colonel
theory I* correct, the belt should have reached the southern limit of its oscillation in 1903.
Now although the southern margin of the high-pressure Mt in the several division* of the ocean, as
shown on the monthly charts for that year, appears to be in alwut it* average position as regards
laiitiuk it must be admitted that the monthly charU for both 1901 and 1902 place the margin of the belt
in lower parallels.
SUMMARY OF rill. OBSERVATIONS OF WIND.
On Tables I. to IV. are set forth the number of observations of wind from each of eight cardinal and
inter-cardinal points of the compass, and of variable winds and calms recorded in the Southern Ocean
during the thirty -months period, October 1901 to March 1904; inclusive also of the numlwr of instances
on which these winds attained to gale force.
For the purposes of comparison the observation* are arranged according to (1) the respective seasons,
(2) the divisions of the Ocean, and (3) the cones to which they relate.
In the classification adopted (p. 16), the months of September, October, Novemlwr are regarded as
representing Spring; December, January, February as representing Summer ; March, April, May, Autumn ;
and June, July, August, Winter. The following are the meridional boundaries selected for representing
the three divisions of the Southern Ocean, 150* E. to 70* W., Pacific ; 70' W. to 20' E., Atlantic ; 20' E.
to 150* E., Indian. The grouping of ocean wind and gale frequency into zones of ten degrees of latitude
is adopted for convenience.
Tables V. to IX. state the directions from which the largest and smallest percentages of winds of all
forces, and of gales only, were recorded in each of the zones and divisions of the Southern Ocean referred
to, in the respective seasons of the year and in all seasons, during the thirty months period.
Table X. furnishes similar information relating to the Southern Ocean as a whole.
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24
TABLE V. Directions from which the Largest and Smallest Percentages of Winds were recorded in each of the Zones,
30-40 S., 40-50 S., 50-60 S., in the Three Divisions of the Southern Ocean, viz., Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian.
SPRING: September, 1902-3; October, 1901-3; November, 1901-3.
Zone.
Pacific.
Atlantic.
Indian.
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
30-40 S.
17 '3 S.
7-2 W.
16 -8 S.E.
7 -IE.
20 "9 S.W.
5-8E.
40-60 S.
50-60S.
17 -1 N. ; 16 -3 S.W.
23-TN.W.j 21-6
S.W.
5 -9 E. and S.E.
1 -0 S.E.
23 -8 N. and N.W.
29 '2 N.W.
2 -9 E. and S.E. ;
3-8S.
-0 E. and S.E. ;
2 -1 N.E. and S.
19-8S.W.; 19-1 W. ;
18 -7 N.W.
39 -3 N.
2-OE.
-0 S.E. and S.
G-ALES.
30-40S.
1-1 S.
0-OE., S.E., N.W.
1'OS.
-0 N. and E.
1-2 W.j 1'OS.W.
0-1N.
40-50'S.
60-60S.
2 -3 S.W.
1 -6 8.W.
-0 E. and S.E.
O-ON.E.-S.E.
1 -9 S.W. and W.
6 -3 S.W.
-0 N.E.-S.
-0 N.E.-S.
1 -1 S.W.
No gales
0-OE.; 0-1 S.E. ;
0-2 N.E.
recorded.
TABLE VI. Directions from which the Largest and Smallest Percentages of Winds were recorded in each of the Zones,
30-40* S., 40-50 S., 50-GO S., in the Three Divisions of the Southern Ocean, viz., Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian.
SUMMER: December, January, February, 1901-2, 1902-3, 1903-4.
Zone.
Pacific.
Atlantic.
Indian.
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
30-*OPS.
40-60S.
50-60S.
10 -6 8.
15 -4 S.W. j
14 -8 N.E.
22 -6 N.W. j 19 -4 N. ;
19 -0 W.
7 -6 E. , 8 -0 W.
7-4E.
3 -1 E. and S.E.
20 -1 N.
23 -7 N.
25 -3 N.W. ; 24 -1 N.
6 -6 W. i 7-2 S.W. i
7-7E.
4 -4 S.E.
4 -3 E. and S.E. -,
6-1 8.
21 -7 S.W. j 20 -5 S.
21 -7 S.W. ;
20-ON.W.; 19 -4 W.
31 -8 N.W.
6 -5 N.W.
1-8E.
-0 N.E. and S.E.
GALES.
80-408.
40-60S.
60-60 8.
-2 8. and N.W.
1 -8 N.W.
1 -9 N.W.
O-ON.-S.E.; S.W. ;
W.
0-OE. and 8.
-2 N.E.-8.
0-28.
-9 N.W.
2-5N.
'0 on every other
point.
O-ON.-E.; 8.
-0 N.E.-S.
-6 S.W.
1-4W.
No gales
-0 N.E. j S.E. ;
S.i N.W.
-0 E. and S.E.
recorded.
TABLE VII. Direction* from which the Largest and Smallest Percentages of Winds were recorded in each of the Zone*,
30'-40 S., 40'-WT S., 50*-60* S., in the Three Divisions of the Southern Ocean, viz., Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian.
AUTUMN: March, 1902, 1903, 1904; April, 1902, 1903; May, 1902, 1903.
/
Mfe
Atlantic.
Indian.
Small** pmSBiaja,
Lr|Mt pmtwnUf*.
SmallMt iwrernUgr.
1
. -
acr-ws.
19-08.
16 -9 5. | 16 -4 8.W.
83 -3 N.W.
5 X.W.i 7 -OK.
S 4E| 6-6S.E.
MB.
18-18.1.
17 -7 1C.
81 -8 W.W.i 19 -8N.
7-B-i 8-18.W.
1-5K.
8 -68.B.
<aw.
80 -1 8. W.| 18 -t W.i
17<N.W.
u-ow.
8-4 H.I 8-6 1.
S-6K.
-0 K. and 8.E.
OAtss.
80T-W8.
I vf-vr 8.
1-48.
1 -9 8.W.
0-8V.E.I E., W.
0-05.
-5 N. ; 8. ; 8.W. i
N \\
S 1 B.W. and W.
-0 K. and 8.E.
00 X.l.-S.
o-s aw.
i i aw.
0-OE. and S.W.
0-1 .W.
' -
8 -7 H.W.
0-0 E.
8-6W.
0-08.K.-8.W.
8 O 8.W.
0-ON.E.-8., 5.W.
TABLK VIII. Directions from which the Largest and Smallest Percentage! of Winds were recorded in each of the Zones,
30'-40* S., 40'-50* S., 50*-60' S., in the Three Divisions of the Southern Ocean, viz., Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian.
WINTER: June, July, August, 1902, 1903.
/ 1
rssMs,
AtUntic.
Indiu.
Lufwt pnmntaf>
Latgnt percentage.
W _*
flU It mt II !!! lite BM
Mori
80-81
7-7 E.I 80W.
14 -8 N.W.i 14 -oaK.
7 6E.i 8-15.E.
19-eaw.
6-8 VJC.
4fr-W8.
80-88.W.
4-9 K.
81 H K. and 5.W.
8-8 B.
88 -8 aw.
81 N.E. andE.
vr-wa.
16-68.W.|14-7X.W.
6-6 K.
8i -s aw.
5 1 N.E. andE.i
6 38.E.
40-OM.W.
0N.K.| E. i aW.
*
OALBS.
W-VT8.
1-4 a
0-ON. andN.E.
0-85.W.
-0 X.E.-S.
1 4 8.W.
Of E.and8Jt.
n n -
8 -8 8.W. MM) N .W.
o-oir.
8 4 IC.W.
0-ON.K. .nd E.
8 -8 aw.
0-05.E. andE.
1 Kf-W 8.
8-8W. 0-OE.
8-8 N.
0-0 Scandal,
80-Olf.W.
-0 If .-W.
26
TABLE IX. Directions from which the Largest and Smallest Percentages of Winds were recorded in each of the Zones,
30-10 S., 40-50 S., 50-60 S., in the Three Divisions of the Southern Ocean, viz., Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian.
ALL SEASONS : October, 1901, to March, 1904.
Zone.
Pacific.
Atlantic.
Indian.
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
30-40S.
40-50S.
60-60S.
18 -2 S.
17 -1 S.W.
21 -1 N.W.
7 '8 E. ; 8 -5 W. ;
9 -1 N.W.
6 -IE.; 7 -5 S.E.
4 -8 S.E. ; 4 -0 E.
15 -9 S.E.
24 -0 N.
24 -7 N.W. ; 22 -ON.
7-5E.
3 -4 E. ; 4-1 S.E.
4 -0 S.E. ; 4 -3 E.
20 -7 S.W.
21-0 S.W. j 18 -1W.;
18 -0 N.W.
26-9N.J 23 -5 W.
7-3E.; 77N.E.
2-4E.
1 -2 S.E.
GALES.
30-40s.
i-os.
0-2E.
0-6 S.W. and N.W.
0-OE.
-9 S.W. and W.
-1 E. and S.E.
40-50S.
50-60S.
1 -5 S.W.
2 -0 W. and N.W.
0-2E.
0-1E.
1 -4 S.W. i 1 -3 W.
and N.W.
2 -7 N. and W.
-0 N.E. and E.
-0 S.E.
1 -5 S.W.
3 -5 N.W.
0-1E.
O-ON.E.-S.j W.
TABLE X. Directions from which the Largest and Smallest Percentages of Winds were recorded in the
Southern Ocean in the Eespective Seasons during the Years 1901 to 1904 ; also in All Seasons during
that Period,
Largest percentage.
Smallest percentage.
(1) Spring.
15 -9 S W 15 -6 W 16 '3 N W
5 -0 E
(2) Summer
19 -4 S W. 14 -7 N.W.
5-7 E
16 '2 S W 14 '2 N W and N
5 "5 E
(4) Winter
21 -5 S W 15 '4 S 16 '0 N W
6-8 E
18 -1 S W 14 '7 N W
5-5 E
(1) Spring
GALJS.
1 - 3 S W
O'l E
'8 N W and W
-1 N E -S
(3) Autumn
1 - 2 S W 1 ! W
O'l E
(4) Winter
1 -8 W 1 7 S W
0'2 E
(5) All seasons
1 -1 S W and W 0'9 N W
O'l E
KEY MAP.
EXPLANATION.
The Daily and Mean. Afon/Aty chart* in thin vvlumr are bated on dail\ absrna&ong recorded 1 at place* indicated an.
At akm-e chart , in ajiditivn to those rrcriwd from Shipf t-f thr RiryoJ. Navy and Mrrcantlir Marino.
Tkt rrd and kluf Unrf on tkr ckartm of than. Monthly, and SormaLjtor Trmprraiure or* llothtrmt or Une of
Equal. 4<r Tmpfraturt Tn* Itnet in rtd reintf to Uiermomtter rtadtnys o/" JS'/oAr. or ntmr Inaff in Mu tf
reading* of 30' Fahr OJni 4r/r<
TV red and klur lines an thf Daily, Mr an Mtnttlty and Normal cnortt of Pre*nrt or* Isokurf or
Mtnm*lnePrtsaurr TKt line* in rtd rtlatt to koj-om*t*r reading* of 29 7 tn* or aJ>o\t. tnvtt in blur la
of 29 6 in* and belt** Tnr *m-d* ~Hiah" and itm-'on tne Daify cnart* art tntr o ductd -wntrf pr r**ur+ IM tayhf.it or
lamest in antuyclonts and dtprttuionm rtapectturet} Fiyum* in black reftr to Air Temperature, the afro* tie
Wind The latter t'fy "A tnt ind . the force of whicft.ynen in number* of the Bfou/hrt Scat*. I* mhtmn. **
lt ttt .
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
I9OI
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON C.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER I 1901 OCTOBER
1901
OCTOBER
3 1901
OCTOBER
I4tf" ISO' 160' 170* !<> 170* I6(T ISO* KO'
0- 2O' 30" 40'
1*0' ISO" 160' 170' l0' 170' l0'
4O* SO" 20"
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
..:'< : v .
1901
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SCA-LCVCt PRtSSURE FOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 5 1901 OCTOBER
1901
OCTOBER
7 1901
OCTOBER
For pln.lion Ky p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1901
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 9 1901 OCTOBER
10
ISO' 160' 170* l0' 170' IgQ* ISO" 140'
30' M 1 '0' c' 10* 20' SO' 40*
14O' ISO' ISO' 170' 180' HO' 160' ISO'
(901
OCTOBER
II 1901
OCTOBER
(Z
ISO* 160' I7O' 180' 170' l0' 150'
140'
4O* 3O* 20*
20' 50' 4O*
For explun* t.ion ee Key map
1901
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT
WITH WIND* ANO AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 13 I9OI OCTOBER
14
5^-
rt^* +t
1901
OCTOBER
For ticplan*.tion Ky p
I9OI
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 17 1901 OCTOBER
18
14O" ISO" 160" 170* 160* 170* 160 150 140*
1M 120
SO* 20' 10* 0" 10* 20' 30' 40
I4O" ISO" 160" 170" ISO* 170* 160 150* 140'
SO" 20" 10* 0* 10* ZO* 30" 40*
1901
OCTOBER
19 I9OI
OCTOBER
20
4O" ISO" 160" 170* l0* 170* WMT ISO* 140"
140" ISO" I6O* 170* 160* 170* 160" 150" 140"
For expln.na.tion see Key m.p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
1901
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SCA-LEVEL PRESSURE TOR NOON CMT
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OCTOBER 21 1901 OCTOBER
1901
OCTOBER
23 I9OI
OCTOBER
For
Ky p
1901
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
OCTOBER 25 1901 OCTOBER
i4O' iso' iw iTO' i>o* go* leo iso* 140'
so' 26* ^ 10 <r 10' 20%* so* 40'
I4O* 150' 160' 170' l0' HO' 160 ISO' 140'
SO' 20' 10* O' O 10' 20' 30 40
I9OI
OCTOBER
27 1901
OCTOBER
28
40- ISO' 160' 170* ICO' 170' 160 ISO' 140'
40' SO' 20*
20* so* 4<r
10" 20 SO 40
For explanation ee Key map.
1901
*%/
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
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SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SCA-LCVCL PRCSSUIU fOK NOON CUT.
*MTM WINDS AND AIR TtMPCRATURCft
OCTOBER 29 I9OI OCTOBER
1901
OCTOBER
1901
NOVEMBER
For txpl*nttion i Key
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1901
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON C.M T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 2 1901 NOVEMBER
I4O ISO 160 1TO ISO 170 IBO ISO
1901
NOVEMBE R
4- I9OI
NOVEMBER
140' ISO' l0'
170' '" HO 140'
J >
* :4 W>
>.
K
ao' so'
I4O* l0' l0' 170' 160' 170' l0' ISO' 140'
40"
For explanation ee Ky map
1901
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVCL **CSSURE TOR NOON CMT
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NOVEMBER 6 1901 NOVEMBER
1901
N OVE. M B E R
For Bpln.tion Key f>
I9OI
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER IO 1901 NOVEMBER
II
140" ISO' 160' 170 180 170- I6O ISO
50 20 10 10- 20 30
140" ISO" I6O* 170" J?-' 160' r70* 160 150 140"
3O - 20' IO"- U -P 0" 10 20 30"
1901
NOVEMBER
12 1901
NOVEM BER
13
1*0" ISO" l0" 170" l0' 170' 160 130" 140'
140* ISO" 160" 170" jj60' 170' 160 ISO 140'
so" ao" 10'
10" 20" _ so" _ 40'
For explain.! ion gee Key
1901
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SCA-LCVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT
M/ITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 14 1901 NOVEMBER
1901
NOVEMB E R
16 1901
NOVEMBER
17
\kv >,
-r / \ 1 1. ' < X
I m *1
-S
For
Key K
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
/9OI
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 18 1901 NOVEMBER
19
1*0* iso' leo' )X' io* 170* ito ISP'
oc
ti
X' K' 10' O' 10* 20' 30'
I4O' ISO' l0' 170* 180' 170' 160* ISO'
I9OI
NOVEMBER
20 1901
NOVEMBER
1*0* ISO' l0' I7O' 160" 170 160 ISO'
so' ao* 10 o' 10' zo' so' *o
For explc.na.tion see Key m.p
I9OI
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OT SEA LEVEL PRESSURE fOR NOON CUT
WITH WINDS AND AIM TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER ZZ I9OI NOVEMBER
1901
NOVEM BE.R
24 I9OI
NOVEMBER
For xpl.n.tion Ky
V 'tit'
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
I9OI
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER Z6 1901 NOVEMBER
27
I4O* IBO* 160* 170* 180* no* ICO ISO* 140*
ri
3O' 20* X'* 0* 10' 20' JO* 40*
140* ISO* ISO* 170* WO* 170* 160* ISO" 140*
1901
NOVEMBER
28 1901
NOVEMBER
For explanation see Key map
5 ;*.;; './ / *. ;.
t90i
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 30 1901 DECEMBER
* .
For
Ky
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
I9OI
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 4- I9OI DECEMBER
]O" ISO* 160* 170' J0" 170 l0 ISO' 140'
3O* 20" TO 0" 10" 20" 30"
140* ISO* 160* 170 160^ 170 160 lap'
JO* 20* 10* 0' 10* 20* 30*
1901
DECEMBER
140' WO" WO" 170" :0" 170- l0- 180- 1+0*
For expla.na.tion see Key map
./< : V. '
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
VNCMRONOUS CHARTS or SCA-LCVCL RCSSURC fOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIM TCMPCRATURCS
DECEMBER 8 1901 DECEMBER
1901
DECEMBER
For spln.ttn Kv
'
I9OI
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE TOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 12 I9OI D E C El M B El R
13
MO* ISO' ISO' 170' ISO' 170* 160 ISO' 140"
to' SO' 20' 10' 0* 10* 20' 30' 40'
140" ISO* 160* 130" 180' 170" 160* 150"
UO
-
30' 20' 10' 0* 10' 20' 30'
I9OI
DECEMBER
14 I9OI
DECEMBER
15
SO 1 40*
140' IgQ" l0' 170' . lQ.Vi 170' 160' ISO"
10' 20' 30"
For cxpla.na.tion see Key map
Jix-IV :':
'
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CUT
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DECEMBER 16 1901 DECEMBER
190)
DECEMBER
IB IOOI
DECEMBER
IP' ny "-w^i'2.
" JP^ iS^ V
t&\^
For
Ky |'
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
1901
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 2O 1901 DECEMBER
21
MO* no* io' i70' leo iso
0" 20* 30" 40
150 140
0' 20' JO'
1901
DECEMBER
22 1901
DECEMBER
23
170' l0' HOP 140'
40' ISO' l0' 170' 160- 170" 160"
For explanation see Key m.p
1901
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 24 1901 DECEMBER
1901
DECEMBER
26 1901
DECEMBER
.\ * . L0
-?.:
For icplr>.tion Key p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
1901
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 28 1901 DECEMBER
29
140* ISO* ieO* 170* ISO* 170* 160* 150*
40*
50' 20* 10* 0* 10" 2O* 30"
3O" 20" 10* 0* 10* 20" 50"
1901
DECEMBER
30 1901
DECEMBER
170' WO* 170 ISO ISO' 140
For xpl&nA.tion tec Key
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY I 1902 JANUARY
1902
JANUARY
For
Key
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
I9O2
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON C.M T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 5 I9O2 JANUARY
140' ISO' 160' 170- 160- 170" 160'
4O* SO' 20' 10' O* 10* 20' 50' 40
140* ISO' 160' 170' ,g,>0' 170' l0* ISO' 140'
30* 20" 10* 0* 10" . 20" 30' 40
1902
JANUARY
7 I9O2
JAN UARY
40* 30" IP' >JO\ 0* 10* O* SO* 40*
I4O* IK)' l0* 170' 160' 170* 160' ISO* 140*
40*
For explanation see Key ma.p
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OT SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CUT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 9 1902 JANUARY
10
For explanation * Key
. .
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
JANUARY 13 1902 JANUARY
I4O' ISO' ISO' 170 180^ 170 IBO ISO
l0' 170 ISO' 170 ISO
SO 20 10* 10* 20 30'
SO 20 10 10 20 30
1902
JANUARY
15 1902
JAN UARY
16
MO* 180" ieo' ITO* ICQ' i7o* leo iso
30' 40*
140* ISO'
o' so'
For explna/tion sec Key map
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
YNCMBONOUS CHARTS or SCA-LEVEL mCStUHE fOR NOON CMT.
WITH WIND* AND AIM TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 17 1902 JANUARY
nv. OF
* * .
.iFORM
I9O2
JANUARY
19 1903
JANUARY
For
Ky
/. !"' ".'
>';::..:::.::.:.
I9O2
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON C.M T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 21 I9O2 JANUARY
22
3O* 20* 10* O* 10' 20' 30* 40"
14O* ISO* 160* 170" 180* 170* 160* ISO*
SO" 20" * " 10* 0^ 10* 20* 30* 40*
I9O2
JAN UARY
23 1902
JANUARY
24
150* l0" 170* 160* 170* 160 ISO* 140*
SO* 40*
I4O* l0* l0* 170* 160" 170" 160 ISO*
3O" 20" 10" O* 10*
For explanation see Key map
1902
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SCA-LCVCL PRCSSUME fOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS ANO AIR T E M P C R ATU RC S
JANUARY 2S I9O2 JANUARY
.". ..'
26
JANUARY
27 1902
JANUARY
40'
140* lie' no' cxf
-*
/ % L J Lj
1 X
For
Ky
* /* * ***
':..:; V:-'
I9O2
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CM T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 29 I9O2 JANUARY
30
140' ISO' ISO*
4O*
30' 20* 10' 0' 10' 20' 30*
MO* ISO* 160* 170* 180* 170* 180* ISO* no*
L
SO* 20* 10* 0* 10* 20* 3O*
1902
JANUARY
31 1902
FEBRUARY
I4O* ISO* 10* 170* 180* I7CT I80 5 ISO* 140*
ri rf
1*0* ISO* ISO* 170* WO* 170* 160* ISO* 140*
SO* 20* 10* 0* 10* 20 30 40
For explanation see Key map
|02
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SCA-LCVCt PRCSSUMC fOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TCMPCRATURCS
FEBRUARY a I9Q2 FEBRUARY
K7* /TT' '
1
1902
FEBRUARY
4 1902
FEBRUARY
For
Ky <?
'.. A !. n : T/ ."/;!
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CM T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 6 1903 FEBRUARY
l0 170 I80 - 170' 180 ISO 140'
40- X 20- ID' 0- 10' 20' 30' 40'
SO 20" 10 O' 10" 2O' 30" 40'
1902
FEBRUARY
For explanation >ee Key m,p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SCA-LEVEL PMCS9URF row NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIM Tf MPfRATURfS
FEBRUARY 10 I9OZ FEBRUARY
.
II
I90Z
FEBRUARY
For pl.n.tion Ky f
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 14- I9O2 FEBRUARY
15
140* ISO" 160* 170 ISO 170
140' ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO' 140'
SO' 20' "o'lO' 0' 10' 20' 30'
1902
FEBRUARY
16 1902
FEBRUARY
140' ISO' l0 170 l0' 170' ISO" ISO
so ao 10 o io- zo 30-
For explanation ee Key m.p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 10 1902 FEBRUARY
1902
FEBRUARY
For
-.5'
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON C.M T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
FEBRUARY 22 1902 FEBRUARY
140* ISO* 160* 170 180 170 160 ISO
+0* ISO* 170* ISO* 170* 160* ISO
JO* 20 10* 10 20 30* 40
40* SO 10 10 0" 20 30
1902
FEBRUARY
24- 1902
FEBRUARY
25
40* JO* 20* 10'
40* SO*
O* 10* 20' 30* 4O*
For explanation ee Key m.p
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION. C. -V- : A
...... ''*,
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE TOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS ANO AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 26 1902 FEBRUARY
For jcpl.n.tion Ky p
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 2 1902 MARCH
1902
MARCH
4 1902
MARCH
10 20 so o
IO' 170' 160' 170' 160*
Kl 7C
10 SO SO" 4O"
For explanation e Key map
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION^ ' A
** * * *','.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE fOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 6 1902 MARCH
1902
MARCH
8 1902
MARCH
For *xplna.tion Ky
CALi! : '0:
1902
^INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON C.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 10 I9OE MARCH
140" ISO" 160" 170* ISO* 170* 160 lap" 140"
30" 2O" 10" 0'
I4O" ISO' 160* 170" 160* 170* 160 ISO 140*
SO" 20' IP 1 0" 10" 20' 30"
MARCH
\Z I9OE
MAR C H
13
140" 180* I6O* 170" l0" 170" 160 ISO 140"
140" ISO" 160" 170* l0" 170* 160" ISO 140'
10" 20* 10
10* 20" JO" 40
For explanation see Key m.p
. . .. .
V
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SEA LEVEL PftCSSURE FOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIM TEMPERATURES
MARCH 14 1902 MARCH
IS
\tf w
40' Iff
1902
MARCH
For
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON C.M T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 18 1902 MARCH
40* ISO' 160 170 180 170 I80 - ISC'
1902
MARCH
20 1902
MARCH
21
i4O' IBO' leo' 170' leo' no' leo iso 140'
20' so* <r
1*0' ISO' 160* 170* WO* 170* 160* ISO' 140'
40' SO'
10 tO' 30' 40
For explanation see Ky m.p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
1902
YNCMRONOUS CHARTS OT SCA-LEVCL PKKSSUPU FO* NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND Al* TCMPCRATURCS
MARCH 22 I9O2 MARCH
1902
MARCH
2* 1902
MARC H
For
Ky .p
::":#:.:: />
**' ***
I90Z
"INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON C.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
MARCH 26 I90Z MARCH
1*0' ISO' 160' 170' ISO" 170 160' ISO
1902
MARCH
For explanation see Key map
.
: : :
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION .'''''
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SCA-LCVCL PRCSSURC FOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TCMPCRATURES
MARCH 30 1902 MARCH
I90Z
APRIL
* "-Jm
* "
For
Ky p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
APRIL 3 1902 APRIL
1902
!4O - ISO' 160' 170' ISO 170 160 ISO HO'
30' 20' 10' 0' IO' 20' 30'
30' 20' 10
10' 20' 30' 40'
1902
APRIL
5 I9O2
APRIL
170' ISO- 170* 180' ISO' Mtf
l0' 170' l0' 170' 180' ISO' HO'
For rxplc.iiat.ion gee Kay
;V
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COO PERATION . : ... A ;..' FOR j'-.i
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Or SEA-LCVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
APRIL 7 1902 APRIL
, ( *;
I9O2
APRIL
r i*o* MT *er or mr 1*0- >4o
v^
5-" '4.- t v ,.vv
*>'**
A^ ~rs-
.INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON C.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
I9O2 APRIL II 1902 APRIL
12
5O 140
10 20 30 40
JO" 20* 10 0* 10* 20' 30' 40'
1902
APRIL
13 I9O2
APRI L
14-
3O" 4O
140' 150* 10' 170' KO' 170* l0' ISO* 140'
so- ao* 10'
10 2O 30 4O
For explanation see Key map
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION M
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
APRIL 15 1902 APRIL
16
MO*
I90Z
APRIL
17 I90Z
APRIL
For
Ky p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
1902 APRIL 19 1902 APRIL
20
0' 20' 50' 40'
I
40'
1902
APRIL
21 1902
APRIL
22
i4o' iso* io' iTO' ttcr no i(r \so
40" Xf tO"
2O' 30'
'40- .so- iio" 170 s 160" fro 5 ieo* iso*
140'
30* 20* 10
For
ee Key m.p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COO PERATION'.' 1
1902
VNCMRONOU3 CHARTS Of SCA-CtVtL PRESSURE fOR NOON CM T
WITH WINDS ANO AIR TC M PC RATURC S
APRIL 23 I9O2 APRIL
ror 170- ttr mr
1902
APRIL
For *icplftn*Uon t Key
A -INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
1302
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON C.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
APRIL 27 I9O2 APRIL
28
20' 30* 0"
140* ISO"
I9O2
APRIL
29 1902
APRIL
30
160* ICO* 170* :60 170 160 ISO
K
I4O* 150' 160" 170" 160" 170" 160" ISO* 140"
40*
IQ'B 20' 30"
For explanation *e Key map
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE TOR NOON CUT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MAY I 1902 MAY
For
Ky
I9O2
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
MAY 5 1902 MAY
50' 160" 170 180 170 160 150
\4O' ISO' ISO' 170' ISO' 170 160 ISO 140'
30 20 10 10 20 3O
SO' 20' "10* * O 10 20 30'
HO" 170 160' 170' 160 ISO" 140'
140* ISO* ISO' 170' ^_ 160' 170 160' ISO'
JO 20 10 O 10 2O
For explanation see Key m.p
..:'< : v .
1902
*
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION. ''... AL! T'
YNCMKONOUS CHARTS or stA-utvet Ptssuc roR NOON c.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND At* TC M PC RATUftC S
MAY 9 1902 MAY
1902
MAY
II 1902
MAY
For
Kv
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON C.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
MAY 13 1902 MAY
1902
140 ISO 160 170 180 170 160 150 140*
1902
M AY
I9O2
MAY
16
140' ISO' 160' 170- ISO" 170' IBCT
For explanation see Key map
I9O2
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION. '.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SCA-LCVCL PRCSSURC ro* NOON CMT
WITH WIND* AND AIM TCMPCRATURCS
MAY 17 1902 MAY
"':*. "::.:: .'.
: .:'.:*::...
1902
MAY
For
Ky f>
-
>
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON C.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
I9O2 MAY 21 I9O2 MAY
I4O* ISO* 160* 170* 180* 170* 160* 150" 140"
20" 30"
40"
140" ISO" 160" 170" ISO" 170" ISO" ISO'
4O" 3O" 20" 10* O" 10" 20" 30'
1902
M AY
23 1902
MAY
24
IgO IBQ* 170 ICO 170 160 150
0" 20" 10* O* 10*^ 20" 30"
I4O* 150" 160" I7O" 160" 170" 160* ISO"
140'
30* 20" 10^ &* 10" 2O* 30*
For explB.na.tion aee Key ma>p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION .(..'/. j
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE roa NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIM TEMPERATURES
MAY 25 1902 MAY
For
Ky *p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
I9O2 M A.Y 29 I9O2 MAY
30
50 140
10" 20" 30"
SO" 20' 15* 0'
I90E
MAY
31 I9O2
JUNE
14O* ISO* IO* 170* l0* 170* 160 ISO'
10- 20' SO"
40-
140* 110* l0* I7O* 160* 170* 160*
so' 20
20' 30* 4V
For explanation aee Key
1902
: :>.::*. :
./ :': : v .
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
.* . '.. .
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SCA-LCVCl PRtSSUHf rOR NOON C M T
WITH WINDS ANO AIM TCMPCRATUMCS
JUNt 2 1902 JUNE
For pl.n.lion Key
./INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON C.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
1902 JUNE 6 1902 JUNE
I4O' ISO' l0' 170' l0' 170 160 180' 140'
m
0' 20' 30' 40'
140' iso'
30' 20' 010* O" 10' 20' SO' 40'
1902
JUNE
8 1902
JUNE
I4O ISO ISO* 170 16<r 170 ISO ISO 140
I4O* ISO' ISO* 170* ISO' 170* ISO* ISO' io -
*? ,-
For explanation see Key ma.p
% *
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION .''.&]
i902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SCA-LCVCL PHtStUHf fOK NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND Al* TCMPCftATURCS
JUNE (0 1902 JUNE
102
JUNE
12 1902
JUNE
13
^ ,'
^> -IA>
-**- . J, A/-/
V
__
lUy p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
1902 JUNE 14- 1902 JUNE
3O* 20' O. 10" O 10 80 30
For explanation ee Key m.j>
.
. ..... .
'<:'-:. : -
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPE RATIO*? AL1 }
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SCA-LCVtL PRESSURE fOU NOON CMT
WITM WINOt AND Al TC M P t RATUMC S
JUNE IB 1902 JUNE
1902
JUNE
20 1902
JUNE
For plan&tion Key p
\INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON C.M T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
1902 JUNE 22 I9O2 JUNE
23
140" ISO* ISO' 170* 180* 170* l0 ISO 140'
0* 10" 20" 30 40
60 ISO 140*
1902
JUNE
140' iso' ISO' IK)' :eo' no' no" iso
140* ISO* l0* 170* fc j<0* 170* 160* 150*
10' 20* 30*
For explanation see Ky map
IO2
UNIV. OF
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATIONC A LI i"OSH:' A
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SCA-LCVCL PUCSSURt FOR NOON CUT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TCMPCRATURCS
JUNE 26 1902 JUNE
.^. ;
1902
JUNE
:' * .. : ::::;;.
./.:..:; ..*:;<.:;/..
>/.V.. INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JUNE 30 1902 JULY
I4O' ISO* 160* 170* ISO" 170* 160' ISO' 140'
40' ISO' HO' 170* _I80' 170* l0' 150' 140'
SO' 20' 10* 0' 10' 20' 30' 40
1902
JULY
2 1902
J ULY
140' ISO' ISO' I70 - 160 170' ItC ISC' 140"
140' ISO' l0' 170' 160' 170 10 ISO 140
10' 20' 30' 4<r
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION .';.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SCA-LCVEL PMCSSUMC ro* NOON CMT
WITH WIND* ANO AIM TCMPCRATURCS
.JULY 4 I90Z JULY
rjmji
w^/jzr '
*^' *!..
For xp)*.n.tion Key kp
* -
..-.'.:..:: V.V :
1902
'-INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
H, I' 1. * * "
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON C.M T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JULY 8 !9Oe JULY
140 ISO" ISO* 170" ISO 170 160 ISO 140'
JO" 2O" IO O* 10" 20" 30"
50" 20 10 10" 20 30" 40
J ULY
10 1902
J U LY
I4O" ISO* 160" 170* 160" 170" 160" ISO* 140"
W
0" 40"
I4O* ISO" 160" 170" 160" 170" 160" ISO*
HO 1
so" 20" 10" O* 10* 20" 30
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.'.?.:
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SCA-CEVEU PRESSURE FOR NOON CUT
WITH WINDS ANO AIR TE M PC RATURE S
JULY 12 1902 JULY
1902
JULY
/;. ..INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON C.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
1902 JULY 16 1902 JULY
n
0' 2O* 30'
140' ISO* 160' 170' ISO' 170' 160' ISO' 140'
4O* SO' 20'
10' 20' 30'
1902
JULY
18 1902
J U LY
19
140* _ ito' _ io*
io* nfl* ieo' _ igo'
140*
4O* SO* 20* 10* f 10 tf 30' 40"
For
ee Key
1902
*
..-
*
* * * t * *'' ** *
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION"!*"'"'"'
8VNCMHONOUS CHARTS OF SCA-LCVCL PMCStUMC FOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIM TEMPERATURES
JULY 30 I9O2 JULY
For
Kv P
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JULY 24- I9O2 JULY
no' i go* io* iTo' no* no* io' io' 140*
140" ISO" 160* 170" 180* 170* 160* ISO* (40*
SO* 20* 10* 0* 10" 20* SO* 40"
4O* SO" 20" S>Tf O' 10" 20" 30" 40
1902
JULY
For xpl.n-tion ee Key m.p
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION''
VNCMRONOUS CHARTS or SCA-LCVCL pessu*r ro* NOON CM T
WITH WINDS AND AIM rCMPCMATUMCS
JULY Z8 1902 JULY
,m
$
1902
JULY
30 1902
JULY
f lUy p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
AUGUST I 1902 AUGUST
0* 20" 30" 40
I9O2
BO" IO' 170 160' 170" l0 I50 -
t+O" ISO' ISO" 170' 160' 170 160
o* o 10 20 o -
so- __ \1T. o- 10- 20- # 30-
For rxpl.na.t ion ee Key map
. . . 4 * ,
. .* ,
. V.
I90Z
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OT SCA-uCVTL PRESSURF FO NOON CMT
WITH WINDS ANO AIR TCMPCRATURCS
AUGUST 5 1902 AUGUST
1902
AUGUST
For iq>l.n.tion Ky
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
AUGUST 9 1902 AUGUST
10
140* iso' 160 ire ieo- no- iso iso
3O' 2O 10 O 10 " < 30' 40
140 ISO 160
JO" 20' 0" 0' 10' 20' 30' 40'
I9O2
AUGUST
II I90Z
AUGUST
12
M 120
Sff W
For explanation see Key m.p
... PI
.' ,
V .
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LSVCL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIM TCMPCRATURES
AUGUST 13 1902 AUGUST
14
1903
AUGUST
15 1902
AUGUST
For
Ky p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
AUGUST 17 1902 AUGUST
18
ISO' 160* 170 I<T 170 l0 ISO
SO" 20* 10" O" 10* 20* 30'
140 ISO 160 170 180 170 160 lap
30' 40*
1902
AU GUST
19 I9O2
AUGUST
20
I4O* IM* l0' 170' 160' 170* 160* ISO' 140'
140* ISO' 160' 170' 160' 170' 160' ISO'
ri
O* 20" 3O"
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OT SCA-LCVCL PRCSSUHE FOR NOON CUT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TfMPERATURCS
AUGUST it 1902 AUGUST
Z2
I90Z
AUGUST
Z3 I9O2
AUGUST
24
KO' 1*0"
^flOT
1(0* C'
g^f&gx
-*'v\ lij
For xplank.tion Ky Bap
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON C.M T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
AUGUST 25 1902 AUGUST
26
o' ITO'OI ,,180' rro* ieo* iso'
o' 20' so'
140 ISO 160 170 180 170
SO' 20'
10* 20' 30'
1902
AUGUST
27 1 9 O 2
AUGUST
28
I4O" ISO* l0* 170' MO* 170* !' 10 140'
140* ISO* 160* 170* 160* 170* 10 150'
JOf *>* 10*,
10 ao so
For explanation >ee Key map
'*.'''.
I9O2
t * ' ' '"' ','' '.''.*, !.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SEA-iEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT
WITH WIND* AND AIM TEMPERATURES
AUGUST 29 1902 AUGUST
1902
AUGUST
31 I90Z
SEPTEMBER
For t
Ky a
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON C.MT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER 2 I90 SEPTEMBER
140' ISO' 160* l0' ISO* 170' 160* 150' 140'
4O' SO' JO' ' 10' O 10' 20' 30* 40
I4O 150 160 170 160 170 160 150
SO* 20' 10" 0" 10" 20" 30"
1902
SEPTEMBER
4- 1902
SEPTEMBER
MV iso' 1*0 ITO :eo- 170 leo 150 140'
I4O" ISO* l0' 170' l0' 170' 160* ISO* :0'
20' 30'
For explanation see Ky map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIM TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER 6 I90Z SEPTEMBER
1902
SEPTEMBER
8 1902
SEPTEMBER
**
For
Key
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER 10 1902 SEPTEMBER
II
I4O' ISO' ISO* 170' 160' no' 160 ISO* 140'
*
SO' 20' 10' O* 10* 20' 30'
1+0" ISO' 160" 170* 180* 170" 160" 150'
JO" 20 10 O 10" 20 30'
1902
SEPTEMBER
SEPTEMBER
140" l0' 170" 160" 170' 160
1*0" iso' 160' iTO' ieo' no ieo iso'
O IO 2O 3O
For explanation * Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
I90E
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OT StA-LtVCL PRESSURE fOU NOON CMT
WITH WIND* AND AIM TCMPCRATUAES
SEPTEMBER 14 1902 SEPTEMBER
I90Z
SEPTEMBER
16 1902
SEPTEMBER
KO* lie* HO*
r^-7*
r V 1 *
^ ^
For
Ky
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CM T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
1902 SEPTEMBER 18 1902 SEPTEMBER
19
ISO' l0* 170* l0' 170 l0 ISO 1+0'
*o'
SO' 20' 10' 0' 10' 20' 30'
I4O' ISO' ISO' 170' 180' 170' 180' ISO' 140'
30* 20' M* 10' ' '0* 20' 30'
1902
SEPTEMBER
20 1902
SEPTEMBER
140 ISO 1*0 170 !60 170 IQ !50
I4O* ISO* l0' 170' WO' 170' 10' ISO' 140'
4O* SO* 20" O 10* 0* 10" 20* 3O' 40*
For explanation see Key
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
^
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OT SCA-LCVEL PWCSSUHr FOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIM TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER Z2 1902 SEPTEMBER
1902
SEPTEMBER
2* 1902
SEPTEMBER
For npln.lion i Kv
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER 26 1902 SEPTEMBER
27
I4O' ISO' ISO' 170' ISO' no' 160 150
5O" 20* 6* 10" 0* 10" 20* 30"
30* 20* "V lo* ta 0' 10' 20' 30 40
SEPTEMBER
SEPTEMBER
I4O' ISO' ISO' 170' 180' 170' 160 ISO' l0
140' ISO' ISO' 170 180' 170 ISO ISO
10' 2O- SO" 40'
10 O' 10 20 30
For explanation >ee Key map
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
^j
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SCA-LCVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIM TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER 30 I9O2 OCTOBER
1902
OCTOBER
2 1902
OCTOBER
For
Ky !>
'/A :..? '.':''*:; /A,
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
I90Z
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 4- 1903 OCTOBER
if cr 10' 20' 3O'
0' SO' 20' 10" O" 10 20 30 40
OCTOBER
I90E
OCTOBER
I4O* ISO* ItO" I JO' :0* 170* l0 ISO
40' IB 1 JO' 10' 0* 0' i'j'
,40* 150' IQ* 170* l0* 170' 160 ISO'
30' 40'
For explanation see Key map
!90
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AiR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 6 1902 OCTOBER
i J Q .
OCTOBER
10 I9O2
OCTOBER
t-"-r v
v i V..
+t**\i^-' '
For xplan*.tion Rv
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 12 1902 OCTOBER
50 160 170 180 HO l0 ISO
5O' 20" 10 10 20 3O' 40
1902
OCTOB ER
14 1902
OCTOBER
15
140*
SO' 20' 10' - !' 10' SO* 40-
70* WO* 170' 160* ISO'
0' 20' 30
For explanation tee Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION . ''.- A Li I'Ol
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SCA-'.CVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TCMPCRATURCS
OCTOBER 16 I9O2 OCTOBER
17
-^
* -
1902
OCTOBER
For
Kay &(>
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
OCTOBER 20 1902 OCTOBER
3O' 20' 10** 0* 10' 20' 30'
1902
OCTOBER
22 1902
OCTOBER
For explanation aee Key map.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SEA'EVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS ANO AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 24 I9O2 OCTOBER
25
I9O2
OCTOBER
26 1902
OCTOBER
27
HU> Lor. Ion
For xpl.n.tion Ky
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
1902 OCTOBER 28 1902 OCTOBER
29
140* ISO* 160* 170', 180' 170' 160 ISO* 140'
SO' 20" 10* O" 10' 2O' 30' 40'
140' ISO' 160' 170* 180' 170' 160' ISO' 140'
30' 20' 10' O' ID 1 ' ' 2*0' 30'
1902
OCTOBER
30 1902
OCTOBER
31
mr ITO
ISO I4O'
so* <r
I4O' ISO' 160' 170" I8O' 170' 160' I5O
SOT 2O* 10
For explanation see Key map.
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER I 1002 NOVEMBER
1902
NOVEMBER
3 1902
NOVEMBER
Huth.ua**.
For Kpln.t>on Key m*.p
. t -,*- S 1 * ^ * *5-
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
1902 NOVEMBER 5 1902 NOVEMBER
30* 20' 10' 0' 10' 2O' SO' 40'
30 20' *IO' 0^ 10" 20 50*
1902
NOVEMBER
1902
NOVEMBER
nor
Mr 20* so" 40*
I4O* 150* I6O* 170* 180* 170' 160 ISO* 140'
M
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
*
_' , , ,
** ' ! I V . * !*
.-:.: I ":'::: i-.t- -
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OT SCA-lCVEL PRESSUHK fOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 9 1902 NOVEMBER
10
W XT
1902
NOVEMBER
II 1903
NOVEMBER
For jcpln.tion Ky
. . * If
. .
3. * .** * *
\ **-*.
1902
'INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
t
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIP TEMPERATURES.
NOVEMBER 13 1902 NOVEMBER
14
1O* ISO' 160* 170% I8tf 170' 160 ISO' 140'
tcf 20' rfTy o' fa
2O' 30'
4O'
30' 20' 10' O'^O^MOlr??' 20' 30'
1902
NOVEMBER
15 1902
NOVEMBER
I4O* ISO* 160' ITO* 180' 170 160' ISO'
For explanation see Key map.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS ANO AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 17 1902 NOVEMBER
1902
NOVEMBER
19 1902
NOVEMBER
For
Key
tfc t *_
-* t c B * c
* . * t .r c
; *,* . * > * *
-
: -
I90Z
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
NOVEMBER 21 1902 NOVEMBER
22
140* ISO* 160* 170* I8O* 170* 160 ISO* 140*
>~.
-:
30' 20' 10* O* 10* ZO" 30' 40'
140 ISO 160* 170 I8T 170 160 150* |40*
1902
NOVEMBER
Z3 I90Z
N OVEM BER
ISO* 160* 170' ISO" 170 160 ISO
For explanation see Key map.
I90Z
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SEA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CM T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 25 1902 NOVEMBER
26
1902
NOVEMBER
21 1902
NOVEMBER
For tupUnfrlion Ky map
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
NOVEM B ER
NOVEMBER
29 1902
1902
DECEMBER
I 1902
DECEMBER
l0 - ISO* 160' 170*, a 180' 170' ieO" ISO'
For explanation ice Key map.
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SKA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT.
WITH WINDS ANO AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 3 1902 DtCCMBKR
I90Z
DECEMBER
S 1902
DECEMBER
For jtpln.ton Key *p
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t *- ' . - **
1 t * * ** f * *
; . t c ., V , , . . .
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
DECEMBER 1 I9O2 DECEMBER
so' to' 10* o* lo* 20' so-
K 80
1902
DECEMBER
9 1902
DECEMBER
10
140" l0- 170' 180- 170- 160" ISO' 140'
140' ISO* l0' 170' 180- 170- 160" 140'
3O"
For explantbtion see Key map.
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SCA-LCVCL PRCS4UMC fOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TCMPtRATURCS
DECEMBER II I90Z DECEMBER
1902
DECEM BER
13 1902
OECEMBE R
14
FOP jcpl.n.lion
V::
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
DECEMBER \5 I9O2 DECEMBER
16
no
30' 20* 10' 0" 10* 20' 30'
1902
DECEMBER
17 1902
DECEMBER
WO* ISO* 160' 170' 180* 170' 160' ISO' 140'
For explanation see Key map.
I90Z
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
: :
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SCA-LEVEt PRESSURE fOR NOON 6 M T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 19 I90Z DCCtMBKR
1902
DECEMB E R
21 I90Z
DECEMBER
For
- .
. * . . '
'
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
DECEMBER 23 I9O2 DECEMBER
1902
DECEMBER
MO* ISO* 160' 170' 180 170" 160" ISO 140*
For explanation see Key map.
..... , . ...
-..-
.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
1902
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SCA LEVEL PRESSURf FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS ANO AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 27 1902 DtCtMBCR
1902
DECEMBER
For xpUn^.tion Key
;
1 v .
.'.' . v . ^ . -
1902
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 31 1903 JANUARY
130* 160" 170 180 HO 160 ISO 140
140 ISO 160 170 180 170 160 ISO 140
SO' 20' 10* - 10' 20' 30' 40'
10 20 30'
1903
JANUARY
2 1903
JANUARY
140 ISO I6CT 170 180 170 160 140
For explanation see Key m&p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SCA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND A'R TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 4 I9O3 JANUARY
I9O3
JANUARY
KO- IQ- tier nor i TO- .XT m
For itpl.n.t ion Kay p
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
JANUARY 8 1903 JANUARY
ISO 16O I/U ICU I 'U IOU ISU
1903
JANUARY
10 1903
JAN UARY
For explanation see Key map.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CM T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 12 1903 JANUARY
-f -V ><
1903
JANUARY
14 I9O3
JANUARY
15
MO* no* tOr So* no"
Mtf icr
\
For icpl.n.Uon Key p
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 16 1903 JANUARY
17
4O*
3O* 2O' 10* 0' 10* 20" 30' 40'
1*0* ISO" 160" 170* 180* 170* 160" ISO*
SO* 20* 10* 0' 10" 20* 30* 40*
1903
JANUARY
18 1903
JAN UAR Y
I4O" ISO* 160" 170 180* 17O* ISO* ISO 140"
160* 170 180" 170" 160" ISO" 140'
For explanation see Key map
'
.
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SEA LEVEL PRESSURE fOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY ZQ 1903 JANUARY
1903
JANUARY
Z2 1903
JANUARY
For
t*t Key p
- '," *
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 24 1903 JANUARY
25
I4O* l0* IO* 170' ISO* 170' 160 ISO* 140'
40' SO* 20* 10* 0* 10* 20* 30" 40*
140* ISO* 160* 170* tftO* 170* 160* 150* 140"
SO* 2O* 10* 0* 10* 20* 30* 40*
1903
JANUARY
26 1903
JANUARY
20' 10* O* 10 20 30* 40
For explanation ee Key map
'.-
CALIFQR
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
I
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SEA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIM TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 28 1903 JANUARY
1903
JAN UARV
For
Ky
;.;.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
I9O3
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
FEBRUARY I 1903 FEBRUARY
30* 160" 170' ISO' 170* 160 ISO*
10* 20' 30'
140* ISO' 160' 170* 180' 170 160 ISO'
3O* 20* 10* 0* 10" 20' 30*
1903
FEBRUARY
3 1903
FEBRUARY
140* ISO* l0* 170* ISO I7O 160' ISO* 140
I4O* ISO* ISO* 170 180* 170* 160* ISO
For explanation see Key m,p.
. ::.:;
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SEA-LCVCL PRESSURE roR NOON CUT
WITH WINDS AND AIM TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 3 I9O3 FEBRUARY
HT TT TT "
I9O3
FEBRUARY
7 1903
FEBRUARY
For icpl.n.t ion Kay map
B : ;
*," * - -.*
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 9 I9O3 FEBRUARY
10
I4O* 180' 160 170 ISO 170 160 ISO 140
SO* 20* 10* s 10* 20' 30' 40'
140* ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO' 140*
d
4O'
30' 20' 10' O* 10' 20* 3O' 40*
I9O3
FEBRUARY
II I9O3
FEBRUARY
140* ISO* IO* 170* l0* 170* l0* HO*
30* 20* 10*
tO* 3O*
60' 160* 170 160' 170' 160 ISO'
SO* 20* 10
10* 20* 30*
For explanation tee Key map.
. .
* * * *-* * * .
; ', .*. ' *
. . ** *
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SCA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CM T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
<
FEBRUARY 13 1903 FEBRUARY
1903
FEBRUARY
For cplbnc.tion > Key
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 17 I9O3 FEBRUARY
I9O3
FEBRUARY
19 I9O3
FEBRUARY
20
140' ISC' IW 170' 180' 170' ISC' ISO'
140* ISO* ISO* 170 180' 170" 160 ISO'
SO 20 10 O" 10 tO 3O* 4O"
40' 30' 20' 10 O' 10 20 30' 40
For explc.na.tion see Key map.
*
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SCA-LCVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CM T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 21 I9O3 FEBRUARY
1903
FEBRUARY
23 1903
FEBRUARY
For Kpln.tinn Ky
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 25 1903 FEBRUARY
26
160" 170 ISO 170 160 ISO
AlO^ s r 10' 30' 40'
140' .50' 160" 170' 180' 170" 160* ISO*
M)
SO' 20* " 10' 0^ 10' 20' 30' 40'
I9O3
FEBRUARY
27 1903
FEBRUARY
140- ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 170' !0" ISO" 140'
140* ISO' 160' 170 180' 170' ISO* ISO
SO" 2O" 10
10' 20' 30'
For cxpla.na.tion see Key in&p
: '-
.-..:..:: V:
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF StA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH I I9O3 MARCH
1903
MARCH
3 1903
MARCH
For
Ky
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
MARCH 5 1903 MARCH
5O 20 10 0" 10 20 SO' 40
1903
MARCH
7 1903
MARCH
8
140 150 I6O 170 180 170 160 140
For explanation see Key map.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SEA LEVEL PRESSURE row NOON CUT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 9 I9O3 MARCH
1903
MARCH
II I9O3
MARCH
For xpl&n&tton Ky p
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 13 1903 MARCH
14O* ISO* 160' 170' HO' 170' 190 ISO 140'
3O" 20" 10* 0* 10" 20" 30"
140* ISO" 160" 170 180 170
3O" 20* 10" 0* 10" 20' 30'
1903
MARCH
i4O* iso* io" ITO" 180" 170 leo iso
40 160 I/O ISO 170 160
30" 20' 10" 10 20
40" SO" 20" 10"
For explanation see Key ro,p.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SEA LEVEL PRESSURE TOR NOON CUT
WITH WIND* AND AIM TEMPERATURES
MARCH 17 I9O3 MARCH
I9O3
MARCH
19 1903
MARCH
f+t
For *Kpln*lion Key mmf
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 21 19O3 MARCH
22
140' ISO* 160' 170' ISO' 170 190* ISO
140" 150* 160" 170 ISO 170 160 ISO 140
JO 20' 10 10 20 SO
1903
MARCH
83 1903
MARCH
For explanation see Key ma/p
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SEA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
tS IOO3 MARCH
1903
MARCH
27 I9O3
MARCH
For
Ky
. "
AM .. ---
i9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 29 1903 MARCH
3O
*O 150 160
70 160
3O' 20' 10* O* 10* 20' 30'
140* ISO* 160' 170' 180' 170' ISO' ISO' 140*
SO' 20* 10' 0' 10' 20' 30' 40'
1903
MARCH
140 150 160 170 180 170 160
For explanation see Key map
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SCA-LCVCL PRtSSURt FOR NOON CM T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TCMPCRATURC3
APRIL 2 I9O3 APRIL
1903
APRIL
IOO3
APRIL
For
A. I . "- I ' * * . ' 1 '
-," * * c *v c v J
* K \ t. * p itfcfctw*
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
APRIL 6 1903 APRIL
180* 170' ieo' no ie<r iso
140 !60 170 180 170 160 140
30" 20" 10 10 20 3O
20 10 10 20 30
1903
APRIL
8 1903
APRIL
9
For explo.na.ticm see Key map
IOJ
.
...
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LCVCL PRESSURE TOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIM TEMPERATURES
APRIL 10 1003 APRIL
APRIL
12 1903
APRIL
13
For icpln. ion Ky p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
'903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
APRIL 14 IQ03 APRIL
15
I4O* ISO* 160* 170' ISO' 170' 160* 150* HO'
30' 20* 10* 0* 10* aO* 3O*
1*0* ISO* 160* 170' 180' 170" ISO* ISO' 140*
uo1
30* 20* 10* 0* 10' 20' 30* 40*
1903
APRIL
16 I9O3
APRIL
i40* io* io* iro* mo' no* i<f lao
140* ISO* 160* 170' ISO* 170* 160 ISO'
For explanation see Key map.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
APRIL 10 I9O3 APRIL
1903
APRIL
30 1903
APRIL
For
Ky
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OT SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
APRIL 23 I9O3 APRIL
130* I6O' 170* 180' 170' ISO' ISO' 140'
ir =
^ *
140" ISO* 160* 170* 160* 170* 160 ISO*
.5
w
1903
APRIL
24 1903
APRIL
ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 170* 160* ISO'
1*0" ISO' I6O' 170;, 180' 170' 160 ISO' 140'
o
XT 20'
SO' 40'
V
\ / \ ,/ V
$ , >/
30* 20" 10* 0* 10* 20* 30* 40*
For explana-tion see Key in&p
100.1
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT
WITH WIND* AND AIM TEMPERATURES
APRIL
*-"
J&-~*P<i s\ V\ v \
< \\Lit
-
v\
/*- , . M-T Y
fc * \ \ y
APRIL
(003
APRIL
.40' . iio- iw 5 iof TO* xi*
e* <
^ / ^
atf ^f_ **' '^
^f
T^st^^,,,.
: ^-.
For
ion Ky
I8O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M T
WITH WIND3 AND AIR TEMPERATURES
APRIL 30 I9O3 MAY
SO 20 10 O 10 20 30
1903
MAY
2 1903
MAY
For expla.na.tion ste Key map
."'
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SCA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CM T
WITH WINDS ANO AIR TEMPERATURES
MAY 4 1903 HAY
- - 1
1903
MAV
6
MAY
tf//. C
;^
v^ A,d
^'
>^+w y
"
^T>-
V v
For
Ky
1903
INTERNATIONAL 'ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MAY 8 I9O3 MAY
SO" 2O* 10' 0' 10 20 50
1903
MAY
10 1903
MAY
160* IW ISO" 170" 160- I50 - 1+0'
1*0* ISO* I6D' I7CT 180" 170' ISO
For expla.na.Uon see Key map.
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SCA-LCVCL PACSSUNF FOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MAY 1C 1903 MAY
I9O3
MAY
For jtpln.t ion Key p
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MAY 16 I9O3 MAY
17
70' 160 ISC'
40' SO' 20' 10' 0* I0 - 2O' 30'
140*
SO' 20* 10' - 10' 20' 30
I9O3
MAY
18 1903
MAY
19
MO* ISO' IO" 170* ISO* ITO 5 l0* Off 140'
SO* 20* 10^ O' IO' 20* SO"
4O"
150' 160' 170" 180* 170* ISO* ISO'
-
30' K' 10' O' 10'
30 40
For expla.na.tion see Key mavp
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIM TEMPERATURES
MAY 2O 1903 MAV
1903
MAY
For
Ky
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GM.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MAY 24 19 O 3 MAY
30' ISO* 170' ISO' no' 160' SO*
140'
:
20' 10' 0* 10' 20' 30"
1*0* ISO* 160* 170" 180" 170* 160* 150"
SO' 20" 10 s 0" 10' 20' 30" 40"
1903
M AY
26 I9O3
MAY
140' ISO" l0" 170" IBO" 170" ISO' ISO' 140 1
For axpla.na.tion see Key ma/p
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIM TEMPERATURES
MAY 28 1903 MAY
.
* .
..:..:: ... :
S^L2^^L___iL__
//* ' fTf
I9O3
MAY
30 I9O3
M AY
For explanation Ky
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JUNE I I9O3 JUNE
I4O 130 160 170 160 170 160 ISO 140
40 ISO 160 170 180 170
50' 20" 10 0* 10
2O* 1O* O IO 2O 3O 40
I9O3
JUNE
1903
JUNE
For explan/tion see Key map
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SCA LEVEL PRCSSUHF FOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIM TEMPERATURES
JUNE 5 1903 JUNE
1903
JUNE
7 1903
JUNE
>?'. J
i?""^^ ^V^ Tf
For
i .01. Ky
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JUNE 9 I9O3 JUNE
10
I4O* ISO* 160" 170" 180" 170* 160* 150* 140"
30* 20"
1O' 20" 50" 40"
140* ISO* 160" 170" IBO* 170" 160" ISO" 140"
40" 50" 20" lg
1903
JUNE
II 1903
JUNE
12
140" ISO" 160" 170 180" 170" 160" ISO
For fxpla.ii at inn ate Key m,p
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SEA LEVEL PRESSURE roR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JUNE 13 1903 JUNE
C/v-
......
-i>. 3
JUNE
t-r V
.. . . >
iJ^^P^ifTF^T?
For icpl.n.tion Key p
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JUNE 17 I9O3 JUNE
18
SO" 20 10 0' 10 10 30
I4O" 130' 160' 170* 180' 170* ISO* ISO' 140"
140" 150" 160" 170" 180* 170" 160" 150*
1903
JUNE
19 1903
JUNE
For explanation see Key map
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SCA-LCVEL PRESSURE roR NOON CM T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JUNE 2i 1903 JUNE
1903
JUNE
23 1903
JUNE
For plnt ion Ky ;
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JUNE 25 1903 JUNE.
70' I(T WSC 140'
140* ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 170' 160' ISO' 140'
30' 40'
40* SO* 20'
10' 20' SO'
1903
JUNE
27 1903
JUNE
28
IO* 170 ISO' 170' l0 ISO' 140
140* ISO* 160* 170" ISO* 170* I6C" ISO" 140*
so* ao* 10' o' 10' 20' 30* 40'
For explanation eee Key m.p
.
'*** .
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OT SEA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CM T
WITH WINDS AND AiR TEMPERATURES
JUNE, 29 1903 JUNE.
30
*
ta
^... i
g
V^
. . V
I9O3
J U LY
For
Ky p
1. . t
v *- L. " % *
* v ' t t. V ' .
1303
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
J U LY 3 1903 J U LY
SO 160 170 180 170 160 ISO
30 2O 10" 10 20 30
30" 20' 10 0* 10" 20 JO"
I9O3
J ULY
1*0' I50 - I60 - 170 I80 - 170" 160
For explanation see Key m/p
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CM T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JULY 7 1903 JULY
JULY
9 l03
JULY
I &tt 'J
" M*3> ~f ^ *
mu, *
For
Key
,.**, .***'* *
19 O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JULY II 1903 JULY
12
I4O* ISO* 160" 170" 180" 170" 160* ISO*
30* 20* 10*
20* 30*
140* ISO" ISO" 170" 180* 170* 160* ISO*
30 20 ""I 10" O" 10 20 30
ri
i903
JULY
13 1903
JULY
14
iso" io* ITO" lief 170* itff iao*
140*
M
30* ao* 10* o* 10* ao* so*
140" ISO* 160" 170" 160" 170" 160" ISO* 140*
40* SO* 20* 10* 0* 10* 20* 30*
For explanation see Key roa-p.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SEA LEVEL PRESSURE TOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AiR TEMPERATURES
JULY IS I9O3 JULY
_Jg! .* y ^o- *r
1903
JULY
17 1903
JULY
.
For pl*ntion Ky
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
J U LY 19 I9O3 J U LY
2O
140* ISO* ISC' 170" ISO" 170' ISO ISO' 140'
140' ISO* 160' 170* IBO* 170* 1 60' ISO*
4O 3O*
20* 30*
1903
JULY
21 1903
JULY
40* ISO* 160* 170 IBO* 170* 160*
Holh Lundun
For explo.na.tion tee Key ro.p.
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA LEVEL PRESSURE TOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JULY 23 I9O3 JULY
1903
JULY
-
ifc '
For itpl.n.tion
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON C.M T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
JULY 27 1903 JULY
28
60' 170" 160 ISO 140
30" 20' 10* 0" 10" 20* 3O*
140* ISO* ISO* 170 180 170 160 ISO*
30* 20* 10* 0* 10* 20' 30*
1903
JULY
29 I9O3
JULY
For rxpl .ii. t ion see Key m.p
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SCA-LCVEL PKCStUMC fOft NOON CMT
WITH WIND* AND AIM TCMPCftATUMCt
JULY SI 1903 AUGUST
1903
AUGUST
For pUntlion try
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON C.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
AUGUST 4 I9O3 AUGUST
140 ISO 160 I/O 180 170 160 ISO
1+0' ISO* 160' 170 180 170 160 ISO
SO' 20* 10* 0' 10* 20' 30'
40' SO' 20 10 10 20 30' 40'
I9O3
AUGUST
For explanation ice Key map
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SCA-LCVCL PRCStUftC fO* NOON CUT
WITH WIND* AND AIM TCMPCMATUftCS
AUGUST 8 (903 AUGUST
1903
AUGUST
For
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
I9O3
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON C.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
AUGUST 12 I9O3 AUGUST
13
140' ISO' ISO" 170' ISO' 170' 160 ISO'
140' ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' 180' ISO*
*>
4O' SO' 2O' 10' 0' 10' 20' 30' 40'
1903
AUGUST
14- 1903
AUGUST
I4O* 150' l0' I7O' l0 170' 180 ISO' 140'
140* ISO' l0' 170' WO" 170' 160' ISO
so' ao' 10'
40' SO' 20
0' 20- 30'
For explanation gee Key ma.p
K '
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SCA-LCVCL paessuac roft NOON CMT
WITH WIND* AND AIM TEMPtftATUMCS
AUGUST 16 I9O3 AUGUST
17
1903
AUGUST
18 1903
AUGUST
--j4__^___^.
^"""T^ 1 ^^^
For
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CM T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
AUGUST ZO I9O3 AUGUST
21
I4O* ISO* 160' 170' 180' 170* 160' ISO*
4O* SO* 20* 10* 0' 10* 20'
1903
AUGUST
14O* ISO* 160* 170* 160* 170* 160 ISO* 140'
For explanation see Key map
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SCA-LCVCL PRCSSURC FOR NOON CM *
WITH WINDS AND AIR TCMPCRATURCS
AUGUST 24. 1903 AUGUST
1903
AUGUST
26 1903
AUGUST
For
Kv p
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON C.M T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
AUGUST 28 1903 AUGUST
29
JO' 20* 10" O' 10' 20' 30'
140' ISO' leo' 170' ISO' 170' 160' ISO'
SO" 20' 10' 0' 10' 20' 3O' 40'
1903
AUGUST
3O I9O3
AUGUST
31
ISO 140'
o* to' so*
I4O' ISO* 160' 170' l0' 170* l0' ISO'
140'
20' 10* 0" 10* 20* 30'
For explanation set Key m*.p
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SCA-LCVCL PRESSURE fO* NOON CM *
WITH WIND* AND AIR TCMPCRATURCS
SEPTEMBER I 1903 SEPTEMBER
1903
SEPTEM BER
(903
SEPTEMBER
vr ;
For itpl.n.tion i Kv p
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER 5 I9O3 SEPTEMBER
3O* 2O* 10* O* 10* 20' 30* 4O*
14O* 150* l0" 170* 180* 170* t0" ISO* 140*
i
20* 10* 0* 10* 20* 30* 40*
1903
SEPTEMBER
7 1903
SEPTEMBER
ISO* l0* I7W, , IBO* 170' 160" ISO' 140
140* ISO l0* 0170 160" 170' 160
40* 30* 20
For expl&na.tion gee Key m&p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
'..' :
* * .
V.
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CM T
WITH WINDS AND AIM TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER 9 1903 SEPTEMBER
^'^m
I9O3
SEPTEMBER
i j*k~ * - *-
For
Ky p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER 13 1903 SEPTEMBER
1*0' ISO
SO' 20' IO' O'
1903
SEPTEMBER
15 1903
SEPTEMBER
For explanation see Key iu.p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SCA-LCVCL PRCSSURC FOR NOON CM T
WITH WINDS AND AIM TC M PC MATURE S
SEPTEMBER 17 I9O3 SEPTEMBER
r ^ 7
1903
SEPTEMBtR
For
Ky f
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER Z\ 1903 SEPTEMBER
SO* 2O* 10* 0* 10* 20' 30' 40'
1*0* ISO' ISO' 170' 180' 170' 180* ISO'
1903
S EPTEMBE R
23 1903
SEPTEM B ER
24-
140' HO' ISO* 170' 160* 170' 160' ISO' 140'
90
40' 30' tO' \0*
20- 30* 40'
140* ISO" ISO" 170" 160" 170" 160* ISO" 140'
40"
30' 20' 10" O' 10" 20" 30"
For explanation set Key
ft
* ' * J
.
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
VNCHMONOUS CHARTS or SCA-LCVCL PMCStuiU rom NOON CMT
WITH WIND* AND AIM TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER 25 1903 SEPTEMBER
I9O3
SEPTEMBER
Z7 1903
SEPTEMB E P
26
40* no*
4^
>V_/ ;
< . / ~*JL I
For pln*tion Ky p
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
SEPTEMBER 29 I9O3 SEPTEMBER
30
SO* tO' 10* O* 10* 20
140* ISO" 160* 170
I9O3
OCTOBE R
I I9O3
OCTOBER
140* ISO' 160* 170 160* 170' 160 150* 140'
3<f 40*
140* ISO* 160" 170* ICO* 170* 160* ISO* 140'
.;
.,,3
so' to'
20' 30' 40
For rxpl&n*-' if<n see Key map
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OT SCA-LCVC L PfttSSUftl fOft NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIM TC M PC ft ATU At S
OCTOBER 3 |03 OCTOBER
I9O3
OCTOBE
Jf^
For
Ky
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
I9O3
OCTOBER
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
7 I9O3
OCTOBER
8
I4O ISO 16O 170 180 170 160 ISO 140"
ro
40' 30" 20' 10* O' 10* 20' 30* 40*
I4O' ISO* 160* 170' 180' 170* IBO' ISO* 140'
SO* 20* 10* 0* 10* 20* 30* 40*
1903
OCTOBER
9 1903
OCTOBER
ISO* l0* 170- 180* 170' 160- ISO* 140'
140* ISO* l0* 170* l0* 170 160 ISO*
30 20 10
10* 20 30* 40
10* 20" 30"
For explanation tee Key map
*
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SCA-LCVCL PMCSSUMC rom NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIM TCMPCMATURfS
OCTOBER II I9O3 OCTOBER
ww *
1903
OCTOBER
For
Ky p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CM T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
1903
OCTOBER
15 I9O3
OCTOBER
16
ao" 20' 10* o' 10* 20' so'
140' ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' 160* ISO*
1903
OCTOB E R
17 1903
OCTO B E R
I4O' ISO' l0' 170" ISO* 170' 160 ISO 140
140' ISO' l0* 170' 0' 170' 160' ISO' 140'
For expln.tion see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Or SCA-LCVCL PMCSSUMC ' 0* NOON CM *
WITH WIND* ANO AlR TCMPERATURCS
OCTOBER 19 1903 OCTOBER
1903
OCTOBER
21 1903
OCTOBER
For
* .
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 23 I9O3 OCTOBER
3O' 20' 10* 0* 10" 20' 30'
14O* ISO' 160* 170' 180" 170* 160* 150"
4O' SO' 20' 10* 0' 10" 20* 30* 40'
1903
OCTOBER
25 I9O3
OCTOBER
26
I4O* I go" 160* 170* l0" 170" 160 ISO*
IP' tO' SO'
I4O* 180" 160* 170* 160* 170' 160* ISO*
<0' K-" 20"
20' 30* 40*
For rxvla.na.tion are Key map
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SCA-LCVCL PUCSSUHI rom NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIM Tt M f I ft AT Ut S
OCTOBCR Z7 1903 OCTOBER
CALIF
1903
OCTOBER
29 1903
OCTOBCR
30
no"
^ * _
* MT Kf
For planc.tion Key p
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CM T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
OCTOBER 31 I9O3 NOVEMBER
1*0' ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 170 s I60 1 ISO' 140'
SO' 2O' 10* 0' 10' 20' 3O' 40'
I9O3
NOVEMBER
I9O3
NOVEMBER
140 ISO l0* 170 160 170 160 150 140*
40' 30' 10* < 10* O 1 10' *O' 30* 40'
140* ISO'
SO* 20'
For explanation et Key
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SCA-LCVCL PHCSSURf ro* NOON CUT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TC M PC MATUMC 9
NOVEMBER 4- I9O3 NOVEMBER
:
:..::
_ A
ttf m^^ iO r "~T?
1903
NOVEMBER
1903
NOVEMBER
HO* i IB* i>Cr "O itr UBf i4O*
For
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 8 I9O3 NOVEMBER
I4O' ISO' 160*
SO' 20' 10* 0" 10' 20' 30'
I4O' ISO' I6O* 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO'
2O" 10" 0" 10' 20' 30'
I9O3
NOVEMB ER
10 1903
NOVEMBER
I4O* io* iO* iTO* io* no'
1*0' iso' no' iTo' leo' i7o' ieo' iso' i+o'
to'
30' 20' ' 10' 0* 10' 20' 30'
For explanation see Key map
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SCA-LCVCL PKCSSURf FOM NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIM T C M PC ftATUMt S
NOVEMBER 12 I9O3 NOVEMBER
. . .
13
K '
I9O3
NOVEMBER
For iplntion Ky p
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 16 I9O3 NOVEMBER
17
:50 140
SO' 20' 10* 0* 10* 20' 30'
I4O" ISO
no
30' 20' 10* 0* 10' SO' 30'
I9O3
NOVEMBER
18 I9O3
NOVE MB E R
19
1*0' ISO' 160* 170' ISOT 170" ISO ISO*
1*0*
SO* 20' 10 s O 1 10' 20' SO'
40'
140* 160' 160' 170' . 180'
For explc.na.tion see Key map
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Or SCA-LCVCL MCSUMC fO* NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIM TCMPCRATUMCS
NOVEMBER 20 I9O3 NOVEMBER
1903
NOVE.MBE R
22 1903
NOVEMBC R
For pln.tion Rv *p
I9O3
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 24 I9O3 NOVEMBER
25
140' ISO" 160' OS' ISO' 170* 160 ISO 140'
SO" 20' 10* 0' 10* 20' SO" 40"
140* ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' 160* ISO'
SO' 2O' 10' 0* 10* 20' 3O' 40'
1903
NOVEMBER
26 I9O3
NOVEMBER
27
140' ISO' 160* 170* ISO' 170* IS(T ISO 1
140"
0' 2O' SO*
140" ISO" 160" I7O" 160* 170* ISO ISO*
m
,
20* 10* O* 10* 20"'
For explanation tee Key m&p
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OT ftCA-lCVCL PRESSURE fOR NOON CUT
WITH WINDS AND AIM TEMPERATURES
NOVEMBER 23 I9O3 NOVEMBER
AY~<8
1903
NOVEMBER
30 1903
DECEMBER
' -7 --/ / ^
.-=...
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CM T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 2 I9O3 DECEMBER
a
O* 10* 20* 30* 40*
140' ISO* 160* 170* ISO* 170* 160* 150* 140"
4O* 30* 20' 10" 0' 10* 20' 30' 40'
1903
DECE MB ER
4- 1903
DECEMBER
i4O' __ iso* io*
i6o* no
iso* 140*
oc
10* O* 50' 40'
I4O* io* ,
ire* ieo* no' io* 130* 140*
4O* SO" 20* KT
10* 20* 30* _ 4O*
For explanation see Key map
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SCA-LCVCL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT
WITH WIND* AND AIR TCM?tRATU*CS
DECEMBER 6 1903 DECEMBER
.
1903
DECEM8E R
For
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER IO I9O3 DECEMBER
SO 20 10 10" 20 30' 40
I9O3
DECEMBER
12 I9O3
DECEMBER
13
no iso 1*0* iyo lap ITO 160 150 140"
I4O* I 0* 160' 170' l0' 170' l0' ISO* 140'
4O* SO* to' 10'
20' 30* 40*
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
.'. ' .
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SCA-LCVCL PCU*e TOft NOON CMT
WITH WIND* AND AIM TCMPCftATUMCS
DECEMBER 14 IBO3 DECEMBER
I 9O3
DECEMBER
16 1903
DECEMBER
17
JSS1
n
-LJu-
For
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CM T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 18 I9O3 DECEMBER
19
4O"
so' 20' 10* o* 10' ao' 30"
I4O* ISO" 160* 170' ISO' 170* 160" ISO'
0' 20' 30'
I9O3
DECEMBER
3D I9O3
DECEMBER
21
no" no' ieo" no" ie<r iao'
10" 20* so"
I4O" ISO" l0" 170" 160" 170 180 ISO' 140'
ao' 10 o* 10 20 30'
For explanation sec Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
1903
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SCA-LCVCL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS ANO AIM TCMPCRATURIft
DECEMBER ZZ 1903 DECEMBER
1903
DECEMBER
24. 1903
DECEMBER
For
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 26 1903 DECEMBER
27
I4O ISO ISO* 170 160 170 160 lap
140' ISO* 160' 170' 180" 170' 1*0^ ISO'
3O' 20* 10
10' 20' 30' 40'
I9O3
DECEMBER
26 I9O3
DECEM BER
BO 17V mtr I7O ISO ISO 140
I4O' ISO* 160' 170' 180' 170* 180' ISO'
30' 40"
10 2O 3O
For explanation *ee Key map.
1903
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA LEVEL PRESSURE TOR NOON CMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
DECEMBER 30 I9O3 DECEMBER
190*
JAN UAR Y
For m>lfci.lon Key f>
1904
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
JANUARY 3 1904- JANUARY
50 140
o* zo* 30*
50 20* 10' 0* ID" 20' 30'
1904-
JANUARY
5 1904-
J ANU ARY
I4O* ISO' 160* 170 180" 170' 160 ISO" 140'
IO O IO 2O SO 4CT
\O~ 20 30
For explanation gee Key map.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
-
c
190*
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SCA-LCVEL PRESSURE fOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 7 190* JANUARY
190*
JANUARY
9 190*
JANUARY
For
Ky
1904-
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY II 1904- JANUARY
I4O 16O 170 IBO I7O leg
140- ISO" I6CT I70 - I80 - I70 - 160 ISO
30" 2O' 10 0* 10 20' 30
3O 20 10 O' 10 20 30'
1904-
JANUARY
13 1904
JAN UARY
IO' ISO* 160" 170" ISO' 170' 160 ISO"
For fxplana,tinn see Key m&p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
190*
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SEA LEVEL PRESSURE TOR NOON CMT.
WITH WIND* ANO AIR TEMPERATURES
JANUARY IS 1904 JANUARY
. | ( ;
JANUARY
For
Ky mf
1904
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
JANUARV 19 1904- JANUARY
40* ISO* I6O' 170* 180' 170 160' ISO'
I4O' ISO' ISO' 170 ISO' 170' 180' ISO"
30 20 10' 10 20 30
30' 20 10' O 10 20 30
1904
JANUARY
MO' ISO' l0' 170' 180" 170 160' ISO' 140
I4O' ISO' I6O' 170' 160' I70 - I60 - ISO - I4O
For explanation see Key map.
190*
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA LEVEL PRESSURE fOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIM TEMPERATURES
JANUARY 23 1904 JANUARY
190*
JANUARY
For
Ky *f
1904
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
JANUARY 27 I9O4 JANUARY
28
O* 2O' 30'
40*
I4O* ISO* 160* 170* 180* 170* l0 ISO'
30' 20* " 10
1O* 20' 30'
1904
JANUARY
ISO* ISO* 170* 180* 170" 160* ISO* 140
For explanation >ee Key map.
190*
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SCA-LCVCL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TCMPCRATURCS
JANUARY 31 1904 FEBRUARY
V -
FEBRUARY
ih.ua
For *iq>lntion Key p
1904-
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
FEBRUARY 4- 1904- FEBRUARY
ISO 160 170 180^ 170 160 ISO
140' ISO" 160' 170 . ISO" 170' 160 ISO
3O 2O' 10 O
10' 20' 30'
10 20 30'
1904-
FEBRUARY
6 1904
FEBRUARY
I BO' 160* 170* 160* 170' 160 ISO* 140*
I4O' ISO' 160* 170* 180* 170' 160 ISO* 140'
For explanation see Key map.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
190+
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OT StA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CUT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 8 I9O4 FEBRUARY
1904
FEBRUARY
10 1904
FEBRUARY
.
For xplKKA.Uon Key p
I9O4-
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
FEBRUARY 12 1904- FEBRUARY
I4O" ISO' 160' 170 IBO- 170' 160' ISO' 140'
I4O- ISO" 160' 170" ISO" 170 ISO ISO" 1+0"
3O 20 I !0 O 10 2O
40" 30 20 10
1904-
FEBRUARY
14- 1904-
FEBRUARY
15
MO* ISO* 160* 170* IBO" 170 160' ISO' I4O"
140" 160* ISO*
For explanation see Key map.
%
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
190*
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Or StA-LtVCL PRESSURE TOR NOON CUT.
WITH WINDS AND AlH TEMPERATURES
FEBRUARY 16 I9O4 FEBRUARY
1904-
FEBRUARY
18 1904
FEBRUARY
For pln.tion > Ky p
1904-
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
FEBRUARY 2O I9O4 FEBRUARY
21
SO* 20' tO' O' 10' 20* 30'
4O"
iso ICQ* (TO iay 170 ieo iso*
80
1904
FEBRUARY
22 I9O4
FEBRUARY
23
too 160 170 loCT 170 160 ISO 140
r to
3O* 4O*
I4O' ISO* 160* I7O* 180* 170* 160* ISO* 140'
SO" 2O 10 O* 10 20
For explanation see Key map.
1904.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SCA-LCVEL PRESSURE roR NOON CUT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TCMPCRATURCS
FEBRUARY 2* I9O4 FEBRUARY
1904
FEBRUARY
26 1904
FEBRUARY
For jql*n*tton Key Bf
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1904-
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
FEBRUARY 26 I9O4 FEBRUARY
29
l0* ISO' 160' 170* 160* 170' 160' ISO' 1*0'
190 BO
ri
10' 20' 30' 40'
140 ISO 160 170 180 170 160 150 140
I9O4-
MARCH
I I9O4-
M ARC H
1*0' ISO' ISO' 170' 180' 170 160" ISO"
For explana/tion see Key map.
1904
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SCA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 3 ISO* MARCH
190 +
MARCH
5 I9O4
MARCH
For
1904-
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
MARCH 1 I9O4- MARCH
50 16O 170 IBCT I7O IO ISO
1*0- ISO" 160' 170- I8(T 170" 160 ISO'
I9O4-
MARCH
9 I9O4-
M ARC H
10
130 140*
10 10* 20' 3O" Vf
MO* MO* ISO* . 170* 180* 170* 160* ISO*
For explanation aee Key map.
*
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.
190*
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SEA LEVEL PRESSURE roR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH II 1904- MARCH
' . '
190*
MARCH
13 1904
MARCH
For xpltna.tion Key p
1904-
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
MARCH 15 I9O4- MARCH
16
1*0* ISO' 160'
SO' ZO'
0' SO" 20* 10* 0" 10' 20' 30* 40'
190 +
M ARC H
17 1904
MARCH
18
17Q 160 150 I4O
140* ISO' 160* 170* ISO* 170* 160* ISO* 140"
10" 2O* 3O* 4O*
For explanaution see Key map.
1904
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SEA LEVEL PRESSURE TOR NOON CMT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 19 1904- MARCH
I9O4-
M ARC H
For
Ky .p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1904-
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.
MARCH 23 1904- MARCH
I4O' ISO' 190' 170' ISO* 170* 180* ISO 140'
0' 20' 30' 40'
I4O* ISO' 160* 170* 180' 170' 160' ISO' 140'
40' SO' 20' 10' 0' 10' 20' 30' 40'
1904-
M ARCH
25 I9O4-
M ARCH
9O ITO IBCT 170 IO ISO 140
ISO' 160' I7O' ieO' 170" 160 ISO
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
1904
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SCA LEVEL PUSSU*f FOR NOON CUT
WITH WINDS AND AIR TCMPCRATURCS
MARCH 27 1904 MARCH
1904-
MARCH
29 1904
MARCH
For K|>li.Uon ! Kry
190*
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS Of SEA LEVEL PRESSURE TOR NOON CM T
WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES
MARCH 31
For
Ky
.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
OCTOBER
NORMAL. PRESSURE.
MEAN PRESSURE.NOON, G.M.T. 1901.
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
OCTO BER
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NO ON, G.M.T. 1901.
to' SO 20' 10- If to' 20- 30
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
NOVEMBER
NORMAL PRESSURE
MEAN PRESSURE. NOON. Q M T 1901.
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE
NOV E MBE R
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE. NOON. G N T. 1901
For
Ky [
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
DECEMBER
NORMAL PRESSURE.
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1901
ISO* I6O' 170' 180' '.70 - ISO' ISO' I4O"
5O I6O I7O IBO 17U IOU 15O
DECEMBER
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE. MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE.NOON, G.M.T. 1901
MO* l0* l0* 170' 180* 170 ltr ISO 1*0'
10* 80" 3O" 4O*
140' ISO' 160" 170 s IBO' 170' l0 f ISO' l0'
3O" 20" lu
For explana.tion ee Key m&p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
CHARTS OF MEAN SKA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIN TIMPCNAfUHK.
JANUARY
NORMAL PRESSURE
MEAN PRESSURE. NOON. G M T
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE
J ANU ARV
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON.O M T 1902
For
Key
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
FEBRUARY
N ORMAL PRESSURE.
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1902.
l0" I7O' ISO' 170 180
I6O' 170 180* 170 ISO
30' 20' 10' 0* 10' 20' 30' 0'
40- 30' 20' 10' 0* 10' 2<T 30' O -
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
FEBRUARY
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE.NOON, G.M.T. 1902.
For explanation see Key m&p.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
CHARTS OF MIAN SEA LEVEL PMKSSUMC AND AIR TEMPERATURE
MARCH
NORMAL PRESSURE
MEAN PRESSURE. NOON, M T 1902
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE
MARCH
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE. NOON, G.MT. l02
'
^ *
For pUnlion Key
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
APRIL
NORMAL PRESSURE.
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T. I9O2.
30 20" 10 O CO" 2O 30*
ISO 160 170 160 170 (60 ISO'
30* 20' 10* 0" 10" 20' 30*
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
APRIL
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE.NOON, G.M.T. 1902.
For explanation >ee Key m&p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
.*.:..
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE
MAY
NORMAL PRESSURE
MEAN PRESSURE. NOON, GMT 1902
i<r 1*0" !
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE
MAY
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE. NOON.G M T. 1902
For plnt ion Ky mmf
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
JUNE
NORMAL PRESSURE.
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T. I9O2.
140* ISO' l0' 170' 180" (10' 160' ISO'
140 ISO* ISO 170 I80r 170 160 180 140*
40' 30' 20' 10* s 10' Z<f 30' 40'
40" 30' 20' 10* <T 10* 20' 30* 40"
JUNE
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE.NOON, G.M.T. 1902.
1*0* 1*0* 170 IMT 170' 160 ISO 140'
4O' ISO' 160' in 180 170' 180' ISO' 140'
40' SO' 2O
F'or expl&na.t IOTI see Key m&p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
CHARTS OF MEAN SCA LEVEL PRCS&URt AND AIM TEMPERATURE.
JULY
NORMAL PRESSURE
MEAN PRESSURE.NOON.O M T lO?
^^^^^^^^^^^^"^^^^^^^^J
r JW IL r
JULY
NORMAL AIR TEMPCRATURE
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE. NOON. M T. 1902
For xplnlion Key f>
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
AUGUST
MEAN PRESSURE.NOON, G.M.T. 1902.
NORMAL PRESSURE.
160 I7O IBO 170 160
X 20 10 O 10 20 30' 40
40" 30 20* 10 O* IO" 20" 30 4O'
AUGUST
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE,NOON, G.M.T. 1902.
ao' 10- o- 10- zo' 30-
For explanation str Key ma.p
* * t.
: : f.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
" .
CHARTS OF MEAN SCA LCVIL PRESSURE ANO AIR TEMPERATURE
SEPTEMBER
NORMAL PRESSURE
MEAN PRESSURE. NOON. M T 1902
"5 1 "" m ~y^
SEPTEMBER
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE. NOON.G MT 1902.
For
Ky "p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
I " T v" * ****
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
OCTOBER
NORMAL PRESSURE.
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1902.
150' i6o* or iso' 170 leo- iso
30 2O 10 O 10 20 30
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
OCTOBER
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE.NOON, G.M.T. I90E.
MB* I5O - l0 - 170 180- 170" 160 ISO 140'
I4O' ISO' 160" 170 18O' 170' 160" ISO
For explanation see Key m.p
:*** .*. :
'..-.:.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
CHARTS OF MEAN SKA UKVEU PRtftSURK AND AIM TCNPCRATURC.
NOVEMBER
NORMAL PRESSURE
MEAN PRESSURE. NOON, G M T 1902
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE
NOVE MB E
MEAN AIRTEMPERATURE.HOON.GMT 1902
For npln.tion * Ky ap
-: . . ; :
'; * /
i *,*' t P *
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE .
DECEMBER
NORMAL PRESSURE.
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1902.
IO" ISO" I6O" I7O" 180* 170" <e<f ISO" 140"
,-
IW 30-
40* so" 20"
I4O ISO 160" 170 160^ 170 160 ISO 140"
30" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20" SO" T
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
DECEMBER
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE,NOON, G.M.T. 1902.
MO" lt>0* IO" 170" IBCT 170 160 ISO* 1+0
I4O* ISO* 160* 170* 180* 170* 160 ISO* 140"
/
iQ
4O* SO*
10* O 10" 20* 3QT _jg^
For explt.na.tion sec Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
CHARTS OF MEAN SfcA ULVIL PMCSSURK AND AIH TtNPCRATURt
JANUARY
NORMAL PRESSURE
MEAN PRESSURE. NOON. Q M T 1903
ttf to'
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE
JANUARY
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE. NOON. G M T 1903
For plr>.t ion Ky
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
FEBRUARY
NORMAL PRESSURE.
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1903.
I4O* ISO* 160' 170* I8O* 170* I6(T ISO*
00
so* 20" io* o* 10* 20* so"
30" 20' 10* O* 10* 20* 30'
FEBRUARY
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE. MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE.NOON, G.M.T. 1903.
IK)' l0* 170* 160* 170* 160* ISO
SO* 4O*
I4O* ISO* 160* 170* IBO* 170* 160 ISO* 140*
10
M
4O* 30" 20 10 0^ 10" 2O" 30
For explanation see Key m*Lp.
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
CHARTS or MIAN SIA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
NORMAL PRESSURE
MARCH
MEAN PRESSURE. NOON, G MT I9O3
MARCH
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE. NOON.G M T 1903
For
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEV EL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
APRIL
NORMAL PRESSURE.
MEAN PRESSURE.NOON, G.M.T. 1903.
I4O* ISO' I6O' 170* 180* I7O' I6(T 150* 140'
2O' 30' 40'
l0' ISO' 160* 170* > 180* 170' 160* ISO' 140'
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
APR IL
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1903.
140' ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' 160* ISO' 140"
For fxvlii.ria.tinn see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
CHARTS OF MEAN SIA LCVCL PftlSSUftl AND AIR TCNPtRATUftl.
NORMAL PRESSURE
MAY
MEAN PRESSURE. NOON, G M T 1903
0* Hf ttf
to" *o"
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE
MAY
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE. NOON.G MT 1903
For
Ky !
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE
JUNE
NORMAL PRESSURE.
MEAN PRESSURE.NOON, G.M.T. 1903.
3O' 20' 10* 0* IO" 2O* SO'
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
JUNE
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE.NOON, G.M.T. 1903.
1*0" ISO' ISO' 170' IBO' 170" ISO' ISO' 140'
For explanation see Key ina.p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
CHARTS OF MEAN SCA ULVEL PRESSURI AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
JULY
NORMAL PRESSURE
MEAN PRESSURE. NOON. G M T 1903
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE
JULY
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE. NOON.G M T 1903
For Bpln*lton Key p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
AUG UST
NORMAL PRESSURE.
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1903.
I4O* ISO" I6O." 170" IBO' 170" Mf
'80* 1*0'
140* ISO' 160' 170' 180* 170 160 ISO" 140"
3O" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 50* 40*
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
AUGUST
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE,NOON, G.M.T. 1903.
tK I7O
17O lO ISO
140" 180" l0" 170" 180" 170" 160" ISO" 140"
SO" 40"
4O" 3O 20 10 O" IO" 20
For explanation tee Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS or MEAN &CA LtviLPRtftftuRt AND AIR TCMPCRATURC.
SEPTEMBER
NORMAL PRESSURE
MEAN PRESSURE. MOON. M T 1903
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE
SEPTE MB ER
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE. NOON. GM T 1903
For pln*lton Ky *)>
.-;/ -INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
.. ; '.' '.. : - >.' -
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
OCTOBER
NORMAL PRESSURE. M EAN PRESSURE, N DON, G.M.T. I 903
30" 10' 10 10 20 30
SO* 2O* 10 10 20 30
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
OCTOBER
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE,NOON,G.M.T. 1903.
1*0' 170' 180* 170' I60 - ISO' 140'
160' 170' ISO 170 160' 150' 140
For explanation see Key map
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION
CHARTS OF MEAN SEALCVU. PNUSURE ANOAIRTEMPIRATURE.
NOVEMBER
NORMAL PRESSURE MEAN PRESSURE. N DON. G M T I O3
J
NOVEMBER
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, MOON. GM T 1903
For
Ky f
'''INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
DECEMBER
NORMAL PRESSURE. M EAN PRESSURE, N OON, G.M.T. I 9 3 .
I4O* ISO' 160' 170' 180* I7O* 160 ISC' 140'
\
~SO 2O' 10* 0" 10" 2O' 30' 40'
I4O* ISO' 160' 170 180' 170' I8O' ISC' 140'
30' 20" 10' O' 10' 20' 8O' 40
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
DECEMBER
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE.NOON, G.M.T. 1903 .
I4O' IK)' 160' 170'
170 160 ISO 1*0"
I4O* iso' io' iTO' 160* 170'
iao* _ 140'
so' 20" Kr o* io' 20' so
For i-(.lnn t.i.,i, see Key ma.p
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
CHARTS or MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE
JANUARY
NORMAL PRESSURE MEAN PRESSURE. NOON. G M T 1904
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
JANUARY
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE. NOON. G M T 1904.
For
* Ky |-
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.
CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.
FEBRUARY
NORMAL PRESSURE.
MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1904.
l0* ISO' l0' 170' I8* 170' I8* 150' 140'
I4O' ISO' 160' 170' IgO* 170' 180 ISO* 140'
SO" 20' IO' 0* 10* 20' SO' 4O'
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.
FEBRUARY
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE,NOON, G.M.T. 1904.
For explanation see Key
INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION
CHARTS Of MEAN SEA LEVEL PfttSSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE
MARCH
NORMAL PRESSURE
MEAN PRESSURE. NOON. M T 1904
*> ae*
NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE
MARCH
MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE. NOON.GMT l04
For *plnion Key
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