The photographic history of the Civil war

The Photographic History
of The Civil War

In Ten Volumes

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The publishers desire to express in this final volume a particular obligation to members of the special editorial forco which
has carried the Photographic History to completion. It was impossible for the staff of the Review of Reviews, at the beginning
of the undertaking, to estimate its extent. To construct ten large volumes, to avoid controversy throughout, yet to obtain an

Historical J^aitor, the text nas received a minute scrutiny in manuscript and proof, coupled v

and investigation, imparting in no small degree its accuracy of statement and harmony of na

Literary Editor, has developed and organized the text, from the initial extensive correspondence and negotiations in the obtaining

of adequate contributions, to seeing the pages through the press. One and all have cooperated unsparingly, with many personal

sacrifices. No small stimulus has come from the actuality of the photographic collection which the text seeks to complement.

And all have felt the inspiration of this opportunity — to present the immense facts of Civil War bravery and tragedy in a lorm

that is sympathetic and universal.

Thanks are due to many friends who have supplied rare and valuable photographs since the acknowledgments in Volume I
went to press: Gen. G. W. C. Lee, C. S. A.; Col. E. F. Austin; R. B. Breen; Berry Benson, C. S. A.; Miss Sarah A. Smyth; \V. II.
Chamberlain, U. S. V.; Lieut-Col. Andrew Cowan U. S. V.; John Daniel, Jr., Late 7th Infantry, N. G. N. Y.; E. Drigg; Loyall
Farragut; Miss A. L. Gill; Gen. Theodore S. Peck, U. S. V.; Col. C. F. Homer; James Howe; Mrs. T. M. Steger; C. D. MacDougall;

GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL.

JAMES JOHN W. JOHN R. ROBERT D. P. G. T. LEWIS HENRY A. JOSEPH L".

CONNOR GEARY MAGRUDER LILLEY BEAUREGARD WALLACE WISE BRENT

JAMES
LYONS

"SOLDIERS AND CITIZENS"

ROBERT E. LEE WITH FORMER UNION AND CONFEDERATE LEADERS
AFTER THE ARMIES' WORK WAS DONE

By great good fortune this unique photograph, taken at White Sulphur Springs, Virginia, in August,
1869, was preserved more than forty years by a Confederate veteran of Richmond, Mr. James
Blair, through whose courtesy it appears here — to sound the key-note of this volume as no preface
could. Such a fraternal gathering could have been paralleled after no other great war in history.
For in this neighborly group, side by side, are bitter foemen of not five years past. Near the un
mistakable figure of Lee stands Lew Wallace, the commander who in 1864 had opposed Lee's lieu
tenant — Early — at the Monocacy ; the division leader who at Shiloh, first grand battle of the war, had
fired on the lines in gray commanded by the dashing Confederate general who now touches him on
the right — Beauregard. To the left stand Connor and Geary, formerly generals of opposing forces
in the Carolinas. There is the tall "Prince John" Magruder, the venerable Henry A. WTise, and
other one-time leaders of the Gray. And for a further touch of good citizenship, there is added the
distinguished presence of George Peabody of Massachusetts, and W. W. Corcoran of Washington —
philanthropists of the noblest type, but not alone in this group "as having helped their fellow men."

[4]

-Centennial

I The Photographic History
of The Civil War

In Ten Volumes

FRANCIS TREVELYAN MILLER -
ROBERT S. LAMER

Managing Editor

Thousands of Scenes Photographed

1801-05, with Text by many

Special Authorities

NEW YORK

THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS Co.

1911

W/V

The Photographic History
of The Civil War

In Ten Volumes

Volume Ten
Armies and Leaders

Contributors
KOBEKT S. LANIER

Managing Editor

WILLIAM COXAXT CHURCH

Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel, U. S. V. ; Editor
of "The Army and Navy Journal " ; Author
of "Life of Ulysses S. Grant," "Life of
.John Ericsson," etc.

WILLIAM PETERFIELD TRENT, LL.l).

Professor of English Literature in Columbia
University ; 'Author of "Robert E. Lee,"
"Southern Statesmen of the Old Regime,"

etc.

WALTER LYNWOOD FLEMING, PH.D.

Professor of History, Louisiana State Uni
versity ; Author of " Secession and Recon
struction of Alabama/' etc.

JOHN E. OILMAN

Commander-in-Chief, Grand Army of the
Republic, 1 910-1911

ALLEN C. REDWOOD

Artist and Author; Late Army of Northern
Virginia; Author of "Johnny Reb Pa
pers," etc.

HILARY A. HERBERT

Late Colonel, Eighth Alabama Infantry ;
Late Secretary of Navy of the United
States

MARCUS ,T. WRIGHT

Late Brigadier-General, Confederate States
Army ; Agent for the Collection of War
Records, United States War Department

SAMUEL A. CUNNINGHAM

Late Sergeant-Major, Confederate States
Army ; Founder and Editor of " The Con
federate Veteran "

New York

The Review of Reviews Co.

1911

COPYRIGHT, mil, BY PATRIOT PUBLISHING Co., SPRINGFIELD, MASS.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED, INCLUDING THAT OF TRANSLATION
INTO FOREIGN LANGUAGES, INCLUDING THE SCANDINAVIAN

Printed in New York, U.S.A.

THE TROW PRESS
NEW YORK

CONTENTS

FRONTISPIECE

INTRODUCTION

Robert S. Lanier

ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT 29

William Conant Church

ROBERT E. LEE 51

William Pctcrfield Trent

WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN . 75

Walter L. Fleming

"STONEWALL" JACKSON 97

Allen C. Redwood

LOSSES IN THE BATTLES OF THE CIVIL WAR — THEIR MEANING . . . .117
Hilary A. Herbert

Casualties of Great European Battles 140

Battles and Casualties of the Civil War — Gen. Marcus J. Wright . . . 142

Troops Furnished to the Union Army by the States 146

Casualties in the Union and Confederate Armies ....... 148

Summaries of Organizations in the Two Armies ....... 150

Regimental Casualties in the Union Army ........ 152

Some Striking Confederate Losses 156

THE FEDERAL ARMIES; THE CORPS AND THEIR LEADERS 159

THE CONFEDERATE ARMIES AND GENERALS . 239

THE ORGANIZATIONS OF THE VETERANS 287

THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC 290

John E. Oilman

THE UNITED CONFEDERATE VETERANS 296

Samuel A. Cunningham

GENERAL OFFICERS, UNION AND CONFEDERATE — A COMPLETE ROSTER . . . 301

INDEX 323

PHOTOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONS THROUGHOUT THE VOLUME
Roy Mason
George L. Kilmer, Late U. S. V .

[9]

INTRODUCTION

SOLDIERS

AND
CITIZENS

VETERANS AFTER ONE YEAR

SELF-RELIANCE, COURAGE AND DIGNITY ARE IMPRINTED ON THE FACES OF
THESE "VETERANS" — MEN OF MCCLERNAND'S CORPS IN THEIR QUARTERS
AT MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, AFTER THE COSTLY ATTEMPT ON VICKSBURG
BY WAY OF CHICKASAW BLUFFS. YET THEY HAVE BEEN SOLDIERS HARDLY
A YEAR — THE BOY ON THE RIGHT, SO SLIGHT AND YOUNG, MIGHT ALMOST
BE MASQUERADING IN AN OFFICER'S UNIFORM. OF SUCH WERE THE SOL
DIERS WHO EARLY IN THE WAR FOUGHT THE SOUTH IN THE FLUSH OF HER
STRENGTH AND ENTHUSIASM

EDWIN M. STANTON
Secretary of War.

MONTGOMERY BLAIR
Postmaster-General .

GIDEON WELLES
Secretary of the Navy.

SALMON P. CHASE
Secretary of the Treasury.

HANNIBAL HAMLIN
Vice-President.

MEMBERS OF

PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S

OFFICIAL FAMILY

Other members were: War, Simon
Cameron (1861); Treasury, W. P.
Fessenden, July 1, 1864, and Hugh
McCulloch, March 4, 1865; Interior,
John P. Usher, January 8, 1863; At
torney-General, James Speed, Decem
ber 2, 1864; Postmaster-General,
William Dennison, September 24,1864.

WILLIAM H. SEWAKD
Secretary of State.

CALEB B. SMITH
Secretary of the Interior.

EDWARD BATES
Attorney-General.

[12]

JAMES A. SEDDON
Secretary of War.

CHRISTOPHER G. MEMMINGER
Secretary of the Treasury.

STEPHEN R. MALLORY
Secretary of the Navy.

JOHN H. RKAGAN
Postmaster-General.

MEN WHO HELPED PRESI
DENT DAVIS GUIDE THE
SHIP OF STATE

The members of the Cabinet were
chosen not from intimate friends of
the President, but from the men pre
ferred by the States they represented.
There was no Secretary of the In
terior in the Confederate Cabinet.

ALEXANDER H. STEPHENS
Vice-President.

JUDAH P. BENJAMIN
Secretary of State.

VICE-PRESIDENT STEPHENS
AND MEMBERS OF THE
CONFEDERATE CABINET

Judah P. Benjamin, Secretary of
State, has been called the brain of
the Confederacy. President Davis
wished to appoint the Honorable
Robert Barnwell, Secretary of State,
but Mr. Barnwell declined the honor.

GEORGE DAVIS
Attorney-General.

AFTER THE GREAT MASS MEETING IN UNION SQUARE, NEW

Knots of citizens still linger around the stands where Anderson, who had abandoned Sumter only six ds
before, had just roused the multitude to wild enthusiasm. Of this gathering in support of the Governme
the New York Herald said at the time: "Such a mighty uprising of the people has never before been witness
in New York, nor throughout the whole length and breadth of the Union. Five stands were erected, frc
which some of the most able speakers of the city and state addressed the multitude on the necessity
rallying around the flag of the Republic in this hour of its danger. A series of resolutions was proposed a
unanimously adopted, pledging the meeting to use every means to preserve the Union intact and inviola
Great unanimity prevailed throughout the whole proceedings; party politics were ignored, and the c
tire meeting — speakers and listeners — were a unit in maintaining the national honor unsullied. Major And<
son, the hero of Fort Sumter, was present, and showed himself at the various stands, at each of which he \\
most enthusiastically received. An impressive feature of the occasion was the flag of Sumter, hoisted <
the stump of the staff that had been shot away, placed in the hand of the equestrian statue of Washington

[14]

RECRUITING ON BROADWAY, 1861

Looking north on Broadway
from "The Park" (later
City Hall Park) in war
time, one sees the Stars and
Stripes waving above the
recruiting station, past
which the soldiers stroll.
There is a convenient booth
with liquid refreshments.
To the right of the picture
the rear end of a street car is
visible, but passenger travel
on Broadway itself is by
stage. On the left is the
Astor House, then one of
the foremost hostelries of
the city. In the lower pho
tograph the view is from the

balcony of the Metropolitan
looking north on Broadway.
The twin towers on the left
are those of St. Thomas's
Church. The lumbering
stages, with the deafening
noise of their rattling win
dows as they drive over the
cobblestones, are here in
force. More hoop-skirts
are retreating in the dis
tance, and a gentleman in
the tall hat of the period
is on his way down town.
Few of the buildings seen
here remained half a cen
tury later. The time is sum
mer, as the awnings attest,

. f . ?'-^-l*,l*f>^

-= ^ ^ **-£ '^L. fci?: j; v f

• " -•«- 1^JsJBB@aK

^5t

v\

* ^

THE WAR'S GREAT "CITIZEN" AT HIS MOMENT OF TRIUMPH

Just behind the round table to the right, rising head and shoulders above the distinguished bystanders, grasping his manuscript in both
hands, stands Abraham Lincoln. Of all the occasions on which he talked to his countrymen, this was most significant. The time and
place marked the final and lasting approval of his political and military policies. Despite the bitter opposition of a majority of the
Northern political and social leaders, the people of the Northern States had renominatcd Lincoln in June, 1864. In November, en
couraged by the victories of Farragut at Mobile, Sherman in Georgia, and Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley, they had reflected him
President of the United States by an electoral vote of 212 to 21. Since the election, continued Northern victories had made certain the
[1C]

. _

*>*>

* t •

MMN

HOT PUB. CO.

LINCOLN READING HIS SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS ON MARCH 4, 1865

speedy termination of the war. Not long since, his opponents had been so numerous and so powerful that they fully expected to prevent
his renomination. Lincoln himself, shortly after his renomination, had come to believe that reelection was improbable, and had ex
pressed himself as ready "to cooperate with the President-elect to save the Union." Yet neither in Lincoln's demeanor nor in his
inaugural address is there the slighest note of personal exultation. For political and military enemies alike he has " malice toward
none; charity for all." Indeed the dominant feeling in his speech is one of sorrow and sympathy for the cruel sufferings of both North
and South. Not only in the United States, but throughout the civilized world, the address made a profound and immediate impression.

>m"m1 ;3^%CE

INTRODUCTION

SOLDIERS AND CITIZENS

RAXT at Appomattox — Lee at Gettysburg — those are
the men for me!" Thus exclaimed a long-time writer
on military matters, after the contemplation of certain portraits
that follow these pages. His criticism halted before the colossal
moral qualities of the two war leaders — the generosity that con
sidered the feelings of the conquered general as well as the
private soldiers' need of horses " for the spring plowing " —the
nobility that, after Pickett's charge at Gettysburg, promptly
shouldered all the responsibility.

Those heights of character, as chronicled in the pages that
follow and in other volumes of this History, are heroic, uni
versal. They surpass the bounds of any period or nation ; they
link America with the greatness of the ages. If they, together
with the sacrifice and fortitude of thousands more among the
" Armies and Leaders," are made to live more vividly for those
who study the narrative and portraits of this volume, and the
nine volumes preceding it, their publication will indeed have
been justified.

The personal inspiration of the war pictures centers, natu
rally, in the portraits and groups. Several hundred of them are
presented in the pages following. Study of them soon re
veals a difference between soldier and non-combatant, as ex
pressed in bearing and cast of countenance. It is astonish
ing how accurately, after examining a number of the \var
photographs of every description, one may distinguish in

[18]

FROM
THE ARMY

TO THE
WHITE HOUSE

War-time portraits of
six soldiers whose
military records
assisted them
to the Pres
idential
Chair.

Garfield in '63— (left to right) Thomas, Wiles, Tyler, Simmons, Drillard, Ducat, Barnett, Goddard,
Rosccrans, Garfield, Porter, Bond, Thompson, Sheridan.

Brig.-Gen. Andrew, Johnson
President, 1865-69.

General Ulysses S. Grant
President, 1869-77.

Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Rutherford B. Hayes
President, 1877-81.

Maj.-Gen. James A. Garfield
President, March to September, 1881.

Bvt. Brig.-Gen. Benjamin Harrison
President, 1889-93.

Brevet Major William McKinley
President, 1897-1901.

[D-2]

many cases between fighters and non-combatants. This is
true, even when the latter are represented in full army over
coats, with swords and the like, as wras customary to some
extent with postmasters, quartermasters, commissariat and
hospital attendants.

The features are distinctive of the men who have stood up
under fire, and undergone the even severer ordeal of submis
sion to a will working for the common good, involving the sacri
fice of personal independence. Their dignity and quiet self-
confidence are obscured neither by the extreme growth of facial
hair fashionable in the sixties, nor by the stains of marching
and camping. Where the photograph " caught " the real sol
diers under any circumstances of dress or undress, health or
disease, camp-ease, or wounds that had laid the subjects low,
the stamp of discipline stands revealed.

The young officers' portraits afford particularly interest
ing study. The habit of quick decision, the weighing of re
sponsibilities involving thousands of human lives which has
become a daily matter, like the morning and evening train-
catching of the modern business commuter — these swift and
tremendous affairs are borne with surprising calmness upon
the young shoulders.

To represent in some coherent form the men of Civil War
time, this volume has been set aside. It becomes highly desir
able to the fundamental plan of this history.

The first three volumes, devoted to narrative in the largest
sense, and to scenes, could present portraits only of officers and
men connected with particular operations. Each of the next
six volumes, occupied as it is with a special phase of war-time
activity — cavalry, artillery, prisons and hospitals, or the like

[20]

Brevet Lieut. -Colonel Harrison Gray Otis

Twice Wounded; Brig.-Gen. in Spanish

War, Maj.-Gen. in Philippines.

Brevet Major George Haven Putnam,

I7(ith New York, Prisoner at

Libhy and Danville in the

Winter of 1804-63.

REPRESENTATIVE CIVIL WAR

OFFICERS— S UCCESSFUL

ALSO IN LATER LIFE

George Haven Putnam, publisher
and author, led in the move for inter
national copyright. Harrison Gray
Otis served as an editor in California
more than 30 years, and fought again
in the Spanish War. Henry Walter-
son, as editor of the Louisville Courier-
Journal, did much to reconcile North

Andrew Carnegie Superintended Mili
tary Railways and Government
Telegraph Lines in 1861.

Chief of Scouts Henry Watterson, C. S. A.,

Aide-de-Camp to General Forrest,

Chief of Scouts under General

Jcs. E. Johnston.

and South. Andrew Carnegie's mil
lions, made from iron and steel, went
largely to philanthropy and the ad
vancement of peace. Nathan B. For
rest, the daring Confederate cavalry
man, later developed two vast planta
tions. Thomas T. Eckert became
President of the Western Union Tele
graph Company. Grenville M. Dodge,
Chief Engineer of the Union Pacific,
built thousands of miles of railroads,
opening up the Western empire.

Lieut.-General Nathan B. Forrest, C. S. A.

Entered as Private; Lieut.-Col.,

1861, Maj.-Gen., 1864.

Brevet Brig.-General Thomas T. Eckert,

Superintendent of Military Telegraph;

Asst. Sec. of War, 1864-66.

Maj. -General Grenville M. Dodge, Wounded

Before Atlanta; Succeeded Rosecrans

in the Department of Missouri.

—naturally emphasizes, in its personal mentions and por
trayals, the men of the respective specialties.

The editors, therefore, determined to devote an entire vol
ume to the consideration of the personnel of the Union and
Confederate armies. But in this field, vaster than most of the
present generation have imagined, even a book as extensive as a
volume of the PHOTOGRAPHIC HISTORY can he no more than
suggestive.

Consider the typical fighting man on the Union side alone
—the brevet brigadier-general, or the colonel, often deserving
of promotion to that rank. When it is reflected that the rank
of brevet brigadier-general was conferred upon eleven hundred
and seventy Federal officers who never attained the full rank,
and that the colonels who displayed conspicuous gallantry num
bered as many, perhaps twice as many, more, it is evident that
the editors of the PHOTOGRAPHIC HISTORY, in presenting por
traits of more than three hundred of the generals, by brevet,
have made this feature of the wrork as comprehensive as possi
ble. To exhaust the list of such officers would require a sepa
rate volume.

Consistency, likewise, would demand at least another vol
ume for colonels. But who would undertake to decide what
particular thousand among the upward of ten thousand claim
ants among this rank should have a place in the gallery of fame ?
And if gallant colonels, why not the equally gallant lieutenant-
colonels, majors, and captains, who at times commanded regi
ments ?

That there are limitations is evident. The nature of the
work decides its scope to a large degree. The war-time camera
has been the arbiter. Here and there it caught the colonel as

[22]

Brevet Brigadier-General Stewart L. Woodford,
Lieut.-Gov. of New York, 1860-68; President,
Electoral College, 1872; M. C., 1873-75; U. S.
Dist. Atty., 1877-83; U. S. Minister to Spain,
1870-98.

Brevet Brigadier-General James Grant Wilson,
Author of Addresses on Lincoln, Grant, Hull,
Farragut, etc.; President New York Gen. and
Biog. Soc. and of Am. Ethnological Society.

Brevet Major-Goneral William B. Hazen, Chief
Signal Officer, Raised 41st Ohio Yolunteers;
Marched with Sherman to the Sea; Com
manded 15th Army Corps; U. S Military
Attache to France.

WAR-TIME PORTRAITS OF

TYPICAL SOLDIERS WHO

TURNED TO PUBLIC LIFE

AND EDUCATION

Notable as lawyers, writers and
statesmen are General Carl Schurz
(on the left), who became Minister to
Spain, Secretary of the Interior, and
editor of the New York Evening Post ;
and General Lewis Wallace (to the
right), Governor of New Mexico,
Minister to Turkey, and author of
"Ben Hur" and other historical
novels.

Colonel George E. Waring, Jr., Led a
Brigade of Cavalry; Reorganized Street
Cleaning System of New York City;
Died in Havana, Cuba, Fighting Yel
low Fever.

Brevet Brigadier - General
Francis W. Palfrey, Register
in Bankruptcy in 1872; Au
thor of "Antietamand Fred-
ericksburg" in 1882; Author
of Many Scholarly and Im
portant Papers.

Lieutenant E. Benjamin An
drews: Wounded at Peters
burg, 1864; Professor of
History and Political Econ
omy, Brown University,
1882-88; President thereof,
1889-08.

Brevet Brigadier-General Francis A.
Walker, Superintendent Ninth and
Tenth Censuses; Commissioner of In
dian Affairs in 1872; President Mass.
Inst. of Technology, 1881.

»^

well as the general, the captain as well as the colonel, and the
private as well as the captain. On the whole, its work was well
balanced, marvelously so, and the results are before the readers
of the PHOTOGRAPHIC HISTORY.

If so slight a proportion can be shown of the men dis
tinguished for their fighting, it obviously becomes impossible,
even should the ten volumes consist of portraits alone,
to represent adequately the soldiers whose fame has come
since 1865.

Merely to suggest the function of the Civil War as a school
of citizenship, portraits are presented with this introduction of
six soldiers who became President; of a group like Grenville
M. Dodge, Harrison Gray Otis, and Thomas T. Eckert, who
helped to develop American material resources; together with
several, such as Henry Watterson, Carl Schurz, George E.
Waring, Jr., and Francis A. Walker, whose influence has put
much of our journalism and public life on a higher plane.

As these lines are penned, no less than four Civil War sol
diers — two Union, two Confederate — are serving as members
of the highest American tribunal — the Supreme Court: — Chief
Justice White and Justice lAirton (Confederate) ; Justices
ITarlan and Holmes (Union). Ex-Confederates again have
been found in the cabinets of both Republican and Democratic
Presidents, as well as in the National Congress.

Hut immense indeed would be the literary enterprise un
dertaking to cover all the results in American civic life of Civil
War training. There have been State governors by the hun
dreds who could look back upon service with the armies.
There have been members of legislatures by the tens of thou-

[24]

WAR-TIME POR
TRAITS OF FEDERAL
SOLDIERS WHO CON
TRIBUTED TO THE
PHOTOGRAPHIC
HISTORY HALF A
CENTURY LATER

Captain A. W. Grccly, 1863; Later Maj.-

Gen., U. S. A.; Chief Signal Service

(" Signals "; "Telegraph ") .

Private Geo. L. Kilmer in 'G-t, Wearing

the "Veteran Stripe" at 18

(Military Editor).

Private J. K. Gilman, Lost an Arm at Gettys
burg; Commander-in-ChiefG.A.R. 1910-11

("Grand Army of the Republic").

r~

Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. F. Roden-
bough, U. S. A., in 1865;
Wounded at Trevilian and
Winchester; Later Sec
retary U. S. Military
Service Institution
("Cavalry" Editor).

Capt. F. Y. Hedley in '64, Age 20; Later Editor

and Author of " Marching Through Georgia"

("School of the Soldier," "Marching

and Foraging").

Col. \V. C. Church; Later Edi- T. S. C. Lowe, Military Bal- Capt. T.S. Peck; Medal of Hon- Col. L. R. Stegman, Wounded

tor of the Army and Navy loonist in the Peninsula Cam- or in 1864; Later Adj. -Gen. at Cedar Creek, Gettysburg,

Journal and Author of Life of paign, 1862 — the First \Var of Vermont (Contributor of Ringgold and Pine Moun-

Ulysses S. Grant ("Grant"). Aeronaut ("Balloons"). many rare photographs). tain (Consulting Editor).

+

+ +

sands. And the private soldiers — hundreds of thousands of
them, mere boys when they enlisted to fight through the four
years, expanded into important citizens of their communities,
as a direct result of their service in the Blue and the Gray.

The youths of eighteen or nineteen., who rushed to the
defense of their flag in 1861, lacked, as most boys do, some
notable phenomenon, blow, catastrophe to fire their imagina
tions and give them confidence in themselves. Without such
inspiration their highest destiny would have fallen far short
of fulfilment.

But those same youths who survived to the summer of
1865 — how differently they stood! — erect, with arms well hung,
with quiet dignity, with the self-assurance learned from years
of quick decision arid unhesitating following of duty through
danger.

If, for instance, one should study the careers of those
countless thousands of fearless sheriffs who have kept order in
communities throughout the country, after service under the
Stars and Stripes or the Stars and Bars, it would become over
whelmingly apparent that without such training in resolution
and resourcefulness, most of the men who were young in 1861
could possibly have become village constables — no more.

The leading biographies in this volume have naturally been
left free from the editorial scrutiny that has aimed to render the
test throughout the largest part of the PHOTOGRAPHIC HIS
TORY as detached and impersonal as possible. The value, for
instance, of the chapter on Grant, by Colonel W. C. Church,
lies not only in the trained military criticism of technical opera
tions by the veteran editor of the Army and Navy Journal,
but also in the author's personal acquaintance with the Union

[26]

WAR-TIME

PHOTOGRAPHS OF
CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS

CONTRIBUTORS TO THE

PHOTOGRAPHIC

HISTORY

Col. Hilary A. Herbert; Later Member

of Congress and Secretary of the

Navy ("The Meaning of

Losses in Battle").

Lieut.-Col. J. W. Mallet; Later Professor

of Chemistry, University of Virginia

(" Confederate Ordnance").

Private John A. Wyeth in '61, at 16;
Later Organizer of the New
York "Polyclinic" ("Con
federate Raids").

Lieut, R. H. McKim in '62; Later Rector

Church of the Epiphany, Washington,

and Military and Religious Writer

("The Confederate Army").

Captain F. M. Colston, Artillery Officer

with Alexander ("Memoirs of

Gettysburg" and Many

Rare Photographs).

Allen C. Redwood, of the 55th Virginia,

with "Stonewall" Jackson; Later

Artist and Author (Confederate

Reminiscences ; "Jackson").

Brig -Gen M J Wright; Col. D. G. Mclntosh; Col. T. M. R. Talcott; S. A. Cunningham; Deermg J.Roberts, Sur-

Later U. S. War Dept. Later Attorney-at- Later Civil Engineer Later Editor Confed- geon ; Later

Agent ("Records of Law ("Artillery ("Reminiscences of erate Veteran ("L m-

theWar"and of the Confed- the Confederate ted Confederate

Statistics). eracy"). Engineers"). Veterans").

Southern Practitioner
(" Confederate Med
ical Service").

U A

commander, extending through many years, and the graphic
and sure touch conveyable only by such personal intimacy.

Nor was it to be expected or desired that Professor Wil
liam P. Trent, a writer and scholar Southern born, should fail
to emphasize the lofty personal traits of his hero, Lee; or that
Mr. Allen C. Redwood, whose rare privilege it was to " fight
with ' Stonewall,' " should not portray his honest and frank
admiration for the most surprising military genius developed
by the Civil War.

Particularly gratifying to the humanist is the sketch of Sher
man, written from the standpoint of the most sympathetic dis
crimination by a Southern historical student — Professor Walter
L. Fleming, of the Louisiana State University.

Two groups of portraits accompanying this introduction
show veterans of the Union and Confederacy who, by great for
tune, are numbered among those few spared in life, health, and
activity of pen throughout the half -century since 1861 ; and who
have contributed largely the materials of the PHOTOGRAPHIC
HISTOKY. Without the note of actuality and reminiscence that
runs through the chapters from their pens, this work, despite
its conception of guiding impersonality, would have lacked
many of its most faithful and permanently valuable sections.
To those veteran contributors, for their many courtesies and
special labors in realizing the purpose of this History, it is a
pleasure here to express the warmest appreciation.

ROBERT S. LANIER,

GRANT

DURING THE WILDERNESS CAMPAIGN, 1864

WHEN GRANT LOST AN ARMY BUT SAVED A NATION

GRANT ON LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN— 1863

Wearing epaulets and a sword— quite unusual for him— but calm and imperturbable as of old, with his crumpled army hat, plain blouse,
his trousers tucked into his boot-tops, and the inevitable cigar, Ulysses S. Grant stands at a historic spot. Less than a week before,
when the Union soldiers under Thomas, still smarting from their experience at Chickamauga, stood gazing at the Confederate works
behind which rose the crest of Missionary Ridge, the Stars and Stripes were thrown to the breeze on the crest of Lookout Mountain.
Eager hands pointed, and a great cheer went up from the Army of the Cumberland. They knew that the Union troops with Hooker
had carried the day in their "battle above the clouds." That was the 25th of November, 1863; and that same afternoon the soldiers
[30]

AT THE SPOT WHERE HOOKER SIGNALED VICTORY THE WEEK BEFORE

of Thomas swarmed over the crest of Missionary Ridge while Grant himself looked on and wondered. When a few days later Grant
visited the spot whence the flag was waved, an enterprising photographer, already on the spot, preserved the striking scene. Seated
with his back against a tree, General J. A. Rawlins gazes at his leader. Behind him stands General Webster, and leaning against the
tree in Colonel Clark B. Lagow. The figure in the right foreground is Colonel William S. Hillyer. Seated by the path is an orderly.
They have evidently come to survey the site of Hooker's battle from above. Colonel Lagow is carrying a pair of field glasses.
Less* than four months later Grant was commissioned lieutenant-general and placed in general command of the Union armies.

ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT

BY WILLIAM CONAXT CHURCH

Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel, United Slates Volunteers

man of all men who knew General Grant best, his
JL friend and chief ally, General W. T. Sherman, declared
that Grant more nearly than any other man impersonated the
American character of 1801-65, and was the typical hero of
our great Civil War.

It is an anomaly of history that a man so distinguished
in war should he so unwarlike in personal characteristics as was
Ulysses Simpson Grant, and so singularly free from the ambi
tions supposed to dominate the soldier. lie sickened at the
sight of blood, was so averse to inflicting pain that, as a lad, he
never enjoyed the boyish sport of killing small animals, and
at no time in his life was he fond of hunting. Indeed, no more
gentle-hearted and kindly man is known to American history,
not excepting Abraham Lincoln.

Numerous circumstances in the life of Grant illustrate
his consideration for others. At Vicksburg, Mississippi, where
over thirty thousand Confederates surrendered to him, July
4, 1863, he directed his exulting troops " to be orderly and
quiet as the paroled prisoners passed " and to make no offensive
remarks. The only cheers heard there were for the defenders
of Vicksburg, and the music sounded was the tune of " Old
Hundred," in which victor and vanquished could join. The
surrender at Appomattox, Virginia, April 9, 1865, was char
acterized by almost feminine tenderness and tact, and a sym
pathetic courtesy toward the conquered so marked that an
observer was moved to ask, " Who's surrendering here, any
way? "

A simple-hearted country lad disposed to bucolic life, so

GRANT IN 1863— BEFORE THE FIRST OF HIS GREAT VICTORIES

Grant was described in 1861 as a man "who knows how to do things." In February, 1862, he captured Forts
Henry and Donelson, thus opening the way for a Federal advance up the Tennessee River, and was promptly
commissioned major-general. His experience at Shiloh in April, coupled with failures in official routine
during the Donelson campaign which were not approved by his superiors, left him under a cloud which was
not removed until the capture of Vicksburg, July 4, 1863, revealed capacity of a high order. The govern
ment's plan of conducting the war was then entrusted to him to work out with practically unlimited power.

nnpi

unbelligerent that he never had even a " spat " at West Point,
displaying no martial qualities except, perhaps, in his love of
horses and in their fearless handling, there was in him no
suggestion of the vocation of the soldier. He entered the Mil
itary Academy simply because his father desired that he should
do so, and while there he secretly rejoiced because of the re
port that Congress was proposing to abolish the academy.
The thought of the girl he left behind was constantly with him
during his cadet course, though this youthful romance ended
in the disillusion which often attends such experiences.

And it was this man, whose personal characteristics were
all so unlike those distinguishing the remorseless conqueror,
" slaughtering men for glory's sake," who was selected from
among the heroes of our great domestic strife for the appella
tion of " butcher." No one of them less deserved this title, for
none of them accomplished as great results with a less pro
portionate loss of life. The repulse of Lee at Gettysburg, in
1863, was obtained at a cost of 23,000 casualties — 3155 killed,
14,529 wounded, 5365 missing — and at the end Lee marched
with his army from the field of battle. The more complete
victory at Vicksburg, with the surrender of Pemberton's entire
army of 30,000 men, was obtained by Grant with a casualty
list of only 9362, including about 450 missing.

Heavy as were the losses during the year which preceded
the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, they were
less than the aggregate loss, including " missing," of previous
commanders of the Army of the Potomac in unsuccessful at
tempts to accomplish the same result in the same field. Grant's
total of killed and wounded was 19,597 less than the average
number killed and injured annually by the railroads of the
United States during the four years ending 1910.

Those who " control the destiny of to-morrow " are those
who are the most apt in learning that, in great matters, it is

[34]

BEFORE VICKSBURG

The close-set mouth, squared shoulders and lower
ing brow in this photograph of Grant, taken in
December, 1862, tell the story of the intensity of
his purpose while he was advancing upon Vicks-
burg — only to be foiled by Van Dorn's raid on his
line of communications at Holly Springs. His
grim expression and determined jaw betokened no
respite for the Confederates, however. Six months
later he marched into the coveted stronghold.
This photograph was taken by James Mullen at
Oxford, Mississippi, in December, 1862, just be
fore Van Dorn's raid balked the general's plans.

AFTER VICKSBURG

This photograph was taken in the fall of 1863,
after the capture of the Confederacy's Gibraltar
had raised Grant to secure and everlasting fame.
His attitude is relaxed and his eyebrows no longer
mark a straight line across the grim visage. The
right brow is slightly arched with an almost jovial
expression. But the jaw is no less vigorous and
determined, and the steadfast eyes seem to be
peering into that future which holds more vic
tories. He still has Chattanooga and his great
campaigns in the East to fight and the final mag
nificent struggle in the trenches at Petersburg.

* *

necessary to disregard personal considerations and to keep the
mind open to the suggestions from within; who are not blinded
by what has been well described as " the pride of self -derived
intelligence." Grant succeeded because his specially trained
faculties and especially adapted experiences were obedient to
larger suggestions than those of personal ambition and self-
glorification. This explains Grant, as it explains Lincoln and
Washington.

" Sam " Grant, as his colleagues at the Military Academy
were accustomed to call him, because of the " U. S.," Uncle
Sam, in his name; " ' Sam ' Grant," as one of those same col
leagues once said, " was as honest a man as God ever made."
Honest, not merely in a pecuniary sense but in all of his men
tal processes, and in this simple honesty of his nature we find
the explanation not only of his greatness but of the errors into
which lie fell in the attempt to deal with the subtleties of human
selfishness and intrigue.

It was characteristic of Grant's mental processes that he
always thought on straight lines, and his action was equally
direct and positive. He was not so much concerned with the
subtleties of strategy as with a study of the most direct road
to the opponent's center. One of the chief perplexities on the
field of battle is " the fog of war," the difficulty of divining the
movements of the foe, by which your own are to be determined.
Grant was less confused by this than most commanders, keep
ing his adversary so occupied with his own aggressive move
ments that he had little opportunity to study combinations
against him. He was fertile in expedients; his mind was al
ways open to the suggestions of opportunity, and it was his
habit to postpone decision until the necessity for decision arose.

Grant recognized earlier than others the fact that, if his
own troops were lacking in the military knowledge and train
ing required to make them a facile instrument in his hands, his
antagonists were no better equipped in this respect. He saw
that the best training for the high-spirited and independent

[36]

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On this page are three
photographs of General
Grant, taken in the most
critical year of his career,
the year when he took
Vicksburg in July, then
in November gazed in
wonder at his own sol
diers as they swarmed up
the heights of Mission
ary Ridge. The following
March he was made gen-
eral-in-chief of the armies
of the United States.
Congress passed a vote of
thanks to General Grant
and his army, and ordered
a gold medal to be struck
in his honor. But as we
see him here, none of these
honors had come to him;
and the deeds themselves

only 'irt process of ac
complishment. Even Sher
man, the staunch friend
and supporter of Grant,
had doubts which were
only dispelled by the mas
ter stroke at Vicksburg, as
to the outcome of Grant's
extraordinary methods
and plans. He was him
self conscious of the
heavy responsibility rest
ing upon him and of
the fact that he stood on
trial before the country.
Other faithful generals
had been condemned at
the bar of public opinion
before their projects ma
tured. The eyes in these
portraits are stern, and
the expressions intense.

GRANT IN 1863

PORTRAITS OF 1863— SHOWING GRANT IN REPOSE

volunteers he commanded was that of the battlefield. If
action involved risk, inaction was certain to produce discon
tent and even demoralization, while the fatalities of the camp
were those chiefly to be dreaded, for microbes were more deadly
than bullets. His early successes were due to the application
of his methods to conditions as he found them, without waiting
for their improvement. When he met the battalions of Lee,
then trained and seasoned by three years of war, the struggle
was protracted, but in the end he triumphed through his policy
of vigorous and persistent attack, bringing a contest which had
then extended over three years of inconclusive fighting to a
final conclusion in one year.

General Grant was born, April 27, 1822, in a little one-
story cottage on the banks of the Ohio River, at Point Pleas
ant, Clermont County, Ohio. His grandfather, Captain Noah
Grant, was a Connecticut soldier of the army of the Revolu
tion who, in 1800, settled on the Connecticut Reservation of
Ohio. His mother, Hannah Simpson, wras of a sterling Amer
ican family of pioneers, noted for integrity, truthfulness, and
sturdy independence of character. She was a noble woman of
strong character, and it was from her that the son inherited his
remarkable capacity for reticence, tempered in him by an oc
casional relapse into the garrulity of his father. If he was in
capable of indirection in thought or speech, he could be silent
when speech might betray what he did not wish to have known.

Among his friends, when occasion served, he was a fluent
and interesting talker. He never gossiped, never used profane
or vulgar language, was charitable and generous to a fault,
and considerate in his treatment of all. He was good-natured
and fond of his joke. Uncomplaining self-control was char
acteristic of both mother and son, as was also equability of
temper and " saving common sense."

To estimate Grant correctly, it is necessary to consider
him apart from the personal influences by which he was swayed,

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IN THE AUTUMN OF 1863— GRANT'S CHANGING EXPRESSIONS

Although secure in his fame as the conqueror of Vicksburg, Grant still has the greater part of his destiny to fulfil as he faces
the camera. Before him lie the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and the slow investment of Petersburg. This series
forms a particularly interesting study in expression. At the left hand, the face looks almost amused. In the next the ex
pression is graver, the mouth close set. The third picture locks plainly obstinate, and in the last the stern fighter might
have been declaring, as in the following spring: "I propose to fight it out on this line if it takes all summer." The eyes,
first unveiled fully in this fourth view, are the unmistakable index to Grant's stern inflexibility, once his decision was made.

IN THE AUTUMN OF 1864— AFTER THE STRAIN OF THE WILDERNESS CAMPAIGN
Here is a furrowed brow above eyes worn by pain. In the pictures of the previous year the forehead is more smooth, the
expression grave yet confident. Here the expression is that of a man who has won, but won at a bitter cost. It is the memory
of the 50,000 men whom lie left in the Wilderness campaign and at Cold Harbor that has lined this brow, and closed still
tighter this inflexible mouth. Again, as in the series above, the eyes are not revealed until the last picture. Then again
flashes the determination of a hero. The great general's biographers say that Grant was a man of sympathy and infinite
pity. It was the more difficult for him, spurred on to the duty by grim necessity, to order forward the lines in blue that
withered, again and again, before the Confederate fire, but each time weakened the attenuated line which confronted them.

for he was a man of unusual domesticity, and tenacity of friend
ship not always distinguished by perspicacity in discerning
character.

To the sincere but unobtrusive piety of his mother, Grant
owed a reverence for religion which he displayed throughout
life and which supported him during that last desperate strug
gle with death, ending at Mount MacGregor, New York, on
July 23, 1885. His belief in the invisible powers was the hid
den current of the great soldier's life. It explains alike his
calmness in victory and his unfaltering courage in defeat.
There was no shock of battle so fierce, no episode of the com
bat so exciting that could disturb his impassible demeanor.
" I have had many hard experiences in my life," he once said
to the writer, when chatting in front of his camp-fire at Peters
burg, " but I never saw the moment when I was not confident
that I should win in the end."

If he was not blinded by a sense of his individual im
portance, there was no lack of self-confidence in Grant. He
had a just estimate of his own abilities and a correct under
standing, as a soldier, of the work for which his abilities and
experiences had fitted him. If he did not possess what is usu
ally regarded as the temperament of the soldier, there was no
lack of the training or experience of the soldier. If not a
brilliant student, according to the standards of West Point,
he made a faithful use of the opportunity which that institu
tion gave him for a military training. In his class-standing
he held a middle place with others of the graduates most dis
tinguished in our Civil War; a relatively higher place than
Jefferson Davis, James Longstreet, William J. Hardee, and
others of the South; and than Sheridan, Hooker, Buell, and
other leaders of the Northern armies.

No soldier of like rank was more distinguished in the
war with Mexico than Grant, then a lieutenant. It is no small
achievement for a subaltern to be brought into the lime-light

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of publicity, as Grant was by mention in general orders com
mending him for acts of special distinction in battle, showing
both intelligence and daring.

Meeting General Grant not long after his return to mil
itary life, Henry Villard reported that " there was certainly
nothing in his outward appearance or in his personal ways or
conversation to indicate the great military qualities he pos
sessed. Firmness seemed to me about the only characteristic
expressed in his features. Otherwise, he was a very plain, un
pretentious, unimposing person, easily approached, reticent as
a rule, and yet showing at times a fondness for a chat about all
sorts of things. This ordinary exterior, however, made it as
difficult for me, as in the case of Abraham Lincoln, to persuade
myself that he was destined to be one of the greatest arbiters
of human fortunes." Yet Fremont, who saw him at this time,
discovered in him " the soldierly qualities of self -poise, mod
esty, decision, attention to detail."

Grant had never been brought into contact with men of
public reputation and had no influential friends to push his
fortunes when the Civil War opened to him an opportunity.
His skill as a drill-master was discovered by accident, and this
secured an opportunity for him to go to the Illinois capital
with the Galena company he had been drilling. He attracted
the attention of Governor Yates and was given a clerical posi
tion in the adjutant-general's office in filling out army forms.
When his appointment as colonel to an unruly volunteer regi
ment followed, he at once gave proof of the education he had
acquired at West Point and his experience of fifteen years'
service in the regular army.

In executing his first orders to take the field, he astonished
his superiors by marching his regiment across country instead
of moving it comfortably by rail. And wrhen the laggards
of the regiment were compelled to march in their stocking feet

[42]

GRANT— ON HIS FIRST TRIP NORTH

The war is over. Grant has received in a magnanimous spirit, rarely paralleled in
history, the surrender of Lee. Here he appears in Philadelphia on his first trip North
after the war. His bearing is that of a man relieved of a vast responsibility, but
with the marks of it still upon him. He is thinner than the full-chested soldier in
the photograph taken in 1863, after the fall of Vicksburg. His dress is careless, as
always, but shows more attention than when he was in the field. He looks out of
the picture with the unflinching eyes that had been able to penetrate the future and
see the wisdom of the plan that proved the final undoing of the Confederacy.

at the hour designated, they learned that " 6 A.M. " with their
new colonel meant six o'clock in the morning. Another revel
ation came when they first faced him on parade, and their
vociferous demands for a speech were met by the terse reply,
" Men, go to your quarters." Thus, in various ways, they
learned from day to day that they were in the hands of a man
who understood the trade of war.

It was precisely because he was a master-workman at his
trade that Grant was able to make his personal qualities effect
ive \vhen opportunity was given him. He was limited by the
imperfections of the instruments he had at hand and was sub
jected to criticism accordingly, as at Shiloh, April 6, 1862,
where his failure to protect his camp is explained by a fear lest
a display of apprehension might demoralize troops misled by
the ignorant cry of " spades to the rear," which then filled the
air. They would have regarded defensive measures as an evi
dence of weakness and cowardice, and confidence is an essential
factor in the management of raw troops, of which both the
armies were then composed. They had at that time advanced
but one stage beyond the condition of an armed mob, only
partially responsive to the skilled handling of the educated and
trained soldier.

Previous to the battle of Pittsburg Landing, as Shiloh
is also called, Grant had given proof of his energy and his
promptness in taking the initiative in the occupation of Padu-
cah, Kentucky, September 6, 1861; in the comparatively tri
fling affair at Belmont, Missouri, November 7, 1861; and in
his important success in the capture of Fort Donelson on the
Cumberland River, Tennessee, in February, 1862, where he had
the efficient assistance of the gunboats, under Flag-Officer
Foote. These successes increased his confidence in himself,
as back came the echo of exultant popular approval when the
country saw how capable this man was of accomplishing great
results with troops lacking in arms, equipment, transpor
tation, and supplies, as well as in organization, but who

[44]

GRANT IN 1865— THE ZENITH OF HIS CAREER

Behind Grant in 1865 lay all his victories on the field of battle; before him the highest gift within the power of the American people—
the presidency. He says in his memoirs that after Vicksburg he had a presentment that he was to brirg the war to a successful end
and become the head of the nation. Grant's sturdy, persistent Scottish ancestry stood him in good stead. He was a descendant of
Matthew Grant, one of the settlers of Windsor, Connecticut, in 1635, and a man of much importance in the infant colony. His Ameri
can ancestors were fighting stock. His great-grandfather, Noah Grant, held a military commission in the French and Indian War,
and his grandfather, also named Noah, fought in the Revolution. Henry Ward Beecher summed up the causes of Grant's meteoric
rise from store clerk in 1861, to president in 1869, as follows: " Grant was available and lucky." His dominant trait was determination.

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comprehended the significance of his foe's weakness in the
same respects.

Grant had learned that if he did not run away his

antagonists were likelv to do so, and lie had ascertained the

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potency of the formulas with which his name was associated:
" No terms except unconditional anil immediate surrender/'
and " 1 propose to move immediately upon your works." This
met the temper of the time, impatient of strategy and paper
plans and demanding tangible results.

The circumstances which led to Grant's resignation from
the army. July 31, 1834, however they might have been ex
plained by those who knew him l>est, had created a distrust
of him in the minds of his military superiors, Ilalleck and
McClellan, so that he was left wholly dependent upon works
accomplished for his recognition by the North and at Wash
ington. He neither sought nor obtained favor from his su
periors; he made no complaint of insufficient support, as so
many did, but doggedly pursued a consistent course of doing
the best he 1*011 Id with what the War Department placed at his
disposal, learning from his successes and profiting by his mis
takes as well as by those of the foe.

There was one who was superior to this professional dis
trust of Grant, and that was Abraham Lincoln. lie had found
a man who could accomplish, and the fortune of that man was
thenceforth secure in the hands of the chief executive. After
Sliiloh, Grant fully realized that the country had entered upon
a long and desperate struggle, and he shaped his course ac
cordingly. He drew the line of distinction between friend and
foe more sharply, and, where he found it necessary, directed
his warfare against the property as well as the persons of those
in arms against him, and their abettors. Thus he passed an-
otlier landmark in his progress to final success.

Another essential lesson was to be learned. That came
when a colonel, December 20. 18(52, surrendered his depot of

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Tin- indifferent attitude of the tfeneral-in-chicf is most characteristic, (irant had l-« /nn the invefftment of
IVtrn»l»urj! when this photograph was taken. . \roinnl him an* tin- men who had followinl him faithfully
through th« faith-shaking ••aiiipaifnis of tin- WilclrrnPMt. H«- n«gvi*r mad'' known his plans for Ml advance to
anyone. Iml his c-alm <-..iifi<i«-n<-< cotniniinicalcd it -« If to all who listened to him. In the most i ritiral moments
he manifest (M{ no |* r.-. pi il.lr anxiety, luit piiv«- his order* with rooliu**«t and deliberation. At the left of the
photograph «-i(s (,« m r.il John A. Kawlins. who has f(.n--u..ni his etistotnary mnstarhe and In'anl whi«-h the
ne\t pietnre shows liim as wearing. He was fir»t ai«|e-<|e-eamp to (irant. then assintant adjutant-general
and ehief of st.'»(T. Behind Grant, who stands in the center with one hand thrust rarelewily into his pocket,
sits Lieutenant Kntlerirk (irant. later major-general in the lriite<l Slate's Army. In front of (irant stands
Colonel M H. Uyan. and on the extreme ri^ht sits Colonel Kly S. l'ark«-r. military M-orvlary, who wiu* a fnll-
M.HMl.-d Indian, a ^randnephew of the famous Ued Jacket, and chief of the triltes known a* the Six Nation*.

supplies at Holly Springs and compelled General Grant to sub
sist his army of thirty thousand men upon the country for two
weeks, his communications with his rear being severed at the
same time by Forrest's enterprising Confederate cavalry.
Grant was preparing to move against Vicksburg at the time,
and the surrender of that place, July 4, 1863, followed a
march overland to its rear from Bruinsburg, April 30, 1863,
without supplies for his troops, other than those obtained from
the country as he advanced, Grant carrying no personal bag
gage himself but a toothbrush. Sherman, wyho protested most
vigorously against this hazardous movement, nevertheless later
on applied the lesson it taught him when on his march to the
sea, in 1864, he broke through the hollow shell of the Confed
eracy and closed it in from the south, while Grant advanced
from the north, and crushed the armies of Lee and Johnston.

The surrender of the Southern armies in April and May,
1865, put an end to military activities, to be succeeded by the
contests in the forum of political discussion ; the death of Lincoln
and the succession of Johnson following so immediately upon
the surrender of Lee threw the whole question of the readjust
ment of political relations between the North and the South into
chaos. In spite of his desire and his effort to keep within the
limitations of his military function, General Grant found him
self involved in the embittered contests of the reconstruction
period, with which he was not fitted to deal either by tempera
ment or training.

The politicians and the political activities of the North
had, during the four years of war, been a constant source of
embarrassment to our soldiers striving to conduct war with
sole reference to success in the field. This had intensified the
soldier's natural distrust of politicians and political methods,
arid Grant had never learned the art of which Lincoln was the
supreme master — that of utilizing the selfish ambitions of men
to accomplish great patriotic and public purposes.

[48]

1. COLONEL
HORACE
PORTER

3. COLONEL

T. S.
BOWERS

5. GENERAL
JOHN G.
BARNARD

7. GENERAL
U. S.
GRANT

9. GENERAL

SETH
WILLIAMS

11. COLONEL

ADAM
BADEAU

8. GENERAL

M. R.
PATRICK

10. GENERAL
RUFUS
INGALLS

12. COLONEL

E. S.
PARKER

MEN ABOUT TO WITNESS APPOMATTOX

No photographer was present at
Appomattox, that supreme mo
ment in our national history,
when Americans met for the last
time as foes on the field. Noth
ing but fanciful sketches exist
of the scene inside the McLean
home. But here is a photograph
that shows most of the Union
officers present at the conference.
Nine of the twelve men standing
above stood also at the signing
of Lee's surrender, a few days
later. The scene is City Point, in
March, 1865. Grant is sur
rounded by a group of the officers
who had served him so faithfully.
At the surrender, it was Colonel
T. S. Bowers (third from left)
upon whom Grant called to make
a copy of the terms of surrender
in ink. Colonel E. S. Parker, the
full-blooded Indian on Grant's
staff, an excellent penman, wrote

GRANT BETWEEN RAWLINS AND BOWERS

out the final copy. Nineteen
years later, General Horace Por
ter recorded with pride that he
loaned General Lee a pencil to
make a correction in the terms.
Colonels William Duff and J. D.
Webster, and General M. R.
Patrick, are the three men who
were not present at the inter
view. All of the remaining offi
cers were formally presented to
Lee. General Seth Williams had
been Lee's adjutant when the
latter was superintendent at
West Point some years before the
war. In the lower photograph
General Grant stands between
General Rawlins and Colonel
Bowers. The veins standing out
on the back of his hand are
plainly visible. No one but he
could have told how calmly the
blood coursed through them dur
ing the four tremendous years.

> (Srmtt + + + •*

During his stormy period of civil administration, Grant
was like a landsman tossing upon an angry sea who makes his
port by virtue of the natural drift of the winds and tides rather
than through his skill in navigation. The policies President
Grant advocated during his two terms of office were sound,
and if he did not show the politician's skill in availing himself
of the varying winds of popular sentiment, he did exhibit a
statesmanlike comprehension of the measures promotive of the
best interests of the country. Refusing to be misled by the
financial heresies of his time, in spite of the fact that they were
advocated by a powerful faction in his own party, he took an
uncompromising stand in his first inaugural in favor of pay
ing the public debt in the currency of the world, and vetoed
the bill to increase the issues of the simulacrum of coin, of
merely local value. He reduced taxation and promoted econ
omy in Government expenditures and reform in the civil
service. He improved the condition of our Indian wards; he
was a sincere friend of Mexico, against which he had fought
in his youth; he strove to cultivate good relations with the
Orientals, and he established our intercourse with England
upon the firm foundations of the treat}'" of Washington.

How strange, how eventful, how checkered a career was
this of the chief soldier of the Republic! Thirty-two years of
unconscious preparation for a great career in the bucolic ex
periences of his youth, in his training at the Military Academy
and in war, followed by seven years of a life which taught the
bitterest lessons of humility and self-abnegation. Next, a
rapid advance to a position which made him during more than
twenty years a chief among those upon whom the attention of
the world was focused ; then a further descent into the valley of
misfortune, until the final heroic struggle with the conqueror
of us all once more centered upon him the affectionate interest
of his countrymen and the sympathetic attention of the world.

* [50]

11

RESIDENCE OF ROBERT E. LEE, ON FRANKLIN STREET,
RICHMOND, OCCUPIED BY HIS FAMILY DURING THE WAR —
THREE OF THE PORTRAITS OF GENERAL LEE THAT FOLLOW

WERE TAKEN IN THE BASEMENT OF THIS HOUSE IT LATER

BECAME THE HOME OF THE VIRGINIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY

ID— M

ROBERT E. LEE

BY WILLIAM P. TRENT
Professor of English Literature in Columbia University

GENERAL LEE has been the only great man with
whom I have been thrown who has not dwindled upon
a near approach." This is the significant remark of one of his
personal friends, Major A. R. H. Ranson of the Confederate
artillery. The present writer, who never had the privilege
of seeing General Lee, finds himself, in a sense, completely
in accord with the veteran staff-officer, since he, too, can say
that of all the great figures in history and literature whom
he has had occasion to study through books, no one has
stood out freer from human imperfections, of whatever sort,
than the man and soldier upon whom were centered the affec
tions, the admiration, and the hopes of the Southern people
during the great crisis of their history. General Lee is the hero
of his surviving veterans, of his fellow Virginians and South
erners, of many of those Americans of the North and West
against whom he fought, and of his biographers. He is the
Hector of a still-unwritten Iliad — a fact which the sketch that
follows cannot prove, any more than it can set forth his claims
to military fame in an adequately expert fashion, but to the
truth of which it may perhaps bring a small bit of not valueless
testimony — the testimony of personal conviction.*

Robert Edward Lee, the third son of the cavalry leader
" Light Horse Harry " Lee by his second wife, Anne Hill
Carter, was born at the family mansion, " Stratford," in
Westmoreland County, Virginia, on January 19, 1807. On

* For a fuller, though necessarily limited treatment of Lee's character
and career reference may be made to the writer's volume in the " Beacon
Biographies," which has guided him in the present sketch.

[52]

# - •*•*£• ,

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COPYRIGHT, 1911, REVIEW OF REVIEWS CO.

"LEE WAS ESSENTIALLY A VIRGINIAN"

Old Christ Church ;»t Alexandria. Virginia. The church attended by both Washington and Lee calls up associations that explain the
reference of General Adams. In 1811, at the age of four, Robert E. Lee removed from Westmoreland County to Alexandria, which
remained his home until he entered West Point, in 1825. During these years he was gaining his education from private tutors and
devoting himself to the care of his invalid mother. Many ? Sunday he passed through the trees around this church, of which Washington
had been one of the first vestrymen, to occupy the pew that is still pointed out to visitors. The town serves to intensify love of Virginia;
here Braddock made his headquarters before marching against the French, in 1755, with young George Washington as an aide on his
staff; and here on April l.'ith of that year the Governors of New York, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia had met,
in order to determine upon plans for the expedition. In the vicinity were Mount Vernon, the estate of Washington, and Arlington,
which remained in the family of Washington's wife. The whole region was therefore full of inspiration for the youthful Lee,

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both sides he came of the best stock of his native State. When
he was four years old, his father removed to Alexandria in order
to secure better schooling for the eight children. Later, the old
soldier was compelled to go to the West Indies and the South
in search of health, and it came to pass that Robert, though
a mere boy, was obliged to constitute himself the nurse and
protector of his invalid mother. The beautiful relation thus
established accounts in part for the blended dignity and charm
of his character. It does not account for his choice of a profes
sion, but perhaps that is sufficiently explained by the genius
for the soldier's calling which he must have inherited from his
father. As with Milton before him, the piety and purity of
his youth were inseparably combined with grace and strength.

He entered West Point in 1825 on an appointment secured
by Andrew Jackson, and he graduated four years later with the
second highest honors of the class and an extraordinarily per
fect record. Appointed second lieutenant of engineers, he
hastened home to receive the blessing of his dying mother.
Two years later (June, 1831), after work on the fortifications
at Hampton Roads, he was married, at the beautiful estate of
Arlington on the Potomac, to Mary Randolph Custis, grand
daughter of Washington's wife, a lovely and accomplished
young woman destined to be a fitting helpmeet. As his father-
in-law was wealthy, Lee, who loved country life, must have
been tempted to settle down at Arlington to manage the estate
that would one day pass to his wife, but his genuine devotion
to his profession prevailed, and he went on building coast de
fenses.

In 1834, he was transferred to Washington as first lieu
tenant assisting the chief engineer of the army. He was thus
enabled to live at Arlington, but, while in no sense of the term
a society man, he also saw something of life at the capital.
Three years later he was sent West to superintend work on the
upper Mississippi. His plans were approved and well carried

[54]

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LEE IN 1850

FROM THE ORIGINAL DAGUERREOTYPE— WITHOUT THE UNIFORM

PAINTED ON LATER

Through the courtesy of General G. W. C. Lee — who furnished information of
much value concerning several portraits in this chapter — there is reproduced above
the actual appearance of his distinguished father in 1850. This portrait was
copied, embellished with a uniform painted on by hand, and widely circulated.
To study the un retouched original is particularly interesting. Lee at this period
was in Baltimore, in charge of defenses then being constructed. Three years before,
in the Mexican War, he had posted batteries before Vera Cruz so that the town was
reduced in a week. After each of the battles of Cerro Gordo, Churubusco, and Cha-
pultepec, he received promotion, and for his services in the last he was breveted
colonel. A born soldier, the son of a soldier, this handsome young man is not as
handsome by far as the superb general who later lent grace and dignity to the Confed
erate gray. He little realized the startling future when this photograph was taken.

out; lie was made captain in 1838, and, meanwhile, leading a
somewhat uneventful life, he slowly acquired a reputation as
a reliable officer. In 1841, he was put in charge of the defenses
of New York, and in this position he remained until the out
break of the Mexican War.

The part he played at this crisis throws much light upon
his character and his after career. He distinguished himself
in Mexico more brilliantly, perhaps, than any other officer of his
years, and thus he gave proof of his native military bent and of
the thoroughness with which he had studied the art of war.
He was not in sympathy with the political " Jingoes " of the
time, a fact which affords a measure of his mental rectitude.
But he was modestly indisposed to speak out upon political
matters, being, as he conceived, a soldier charged with exe
cuting the will of his country as expressed by its statesmen.

It might have been predicted that, in the event of a civil
war, such a man would side with that part of the nation in
which he was born and bred, that his services would be strictly
military in character, that the thought of making himself a dic
tator or even of interfering with the civil administration would
never cross his mind. He would exhibit the highest virtues of
the soldier and the private citizen ; he would not, like Washing
ton, go farther and exhibit the highest virtues of the states
man. It is probably best for his own fame and for the Nation
that this should have been so. The Republic is fortunate in
possessing three men, each consummate in private character,
two illustrious in the separate spheres of military and civil
command, Lee the soldier, and Lincoln the statesman, and
one unique in combining the two high orders of genius, the
greatest of Americans, the " Father of his Country."

At the beginning of the Mexican War, Lee was attached
to General Wool's command in the Northern departments. He
attracted notice chiefly by his brilliant scouting. Early in
1847, at the request of General Winfield Scott, he joined the

COPYRIGHT, 1911 REVIEW OF REVIEWS CO.

ARLINGTON, THE HOME OF LEE, FROM THE GREAT OAK

The beautiful estate by the Potomac came to General Lee from the family of George Washington. While Lee, as a boy and youth, lived
in Alexandria he was a frequent caller at the Arlington estate, where Mary Lee Custis, the only daughter of George Washington Parke
Custis, was his companion and playfellow. Before he had completed his course at West Point the friendship had ripened into love
and the two became engaged. Her father is said to have considered her entitled to a more wealthy match than young Lee, who looked
forward to a career in the army. But in 1831, two years after his graduation, the ceremony was performed and on the death of Custis
in 1857, the estate passed into the possession of Robert E. Lee as trustee for his children. The management had already been in his
hands for many years, and though constantly absent on duty, he had ordered it so skilfully that its value steadily increased. On
the outbreak of the Civil Wrar and his decision to cast in his lot with Virginia, he was obliged to leave the mansion that overlooked the
national capital. It at once fell into the hands of Federal troops. Nevermore was he to dwell in the majestic home that had sheltered
his family for thirty years. When the war was over, he gave the Pamunkey estate to his son Robert and himself retired to the quiet,
simple life of Lexington, Virginia, as president of the institution that is now known, in his honor, as Washington and Lee University.

staff of that commander before Vera Cruz. In the fighting
that ensued he displayed a skill and bravery, not unmixed
with rashness, that won him high praise from his superior. In
the reconnaissances before the victory of Contreras, he specially
distinguished himself, and this was also the case at the battle
of Chapultepec, where he was wounded. Having already been
brevetted major and lieutenant-colonel, he was now brevetted
colonel, and he took his share in the triumphant entry of the
city of Mexico on September 14, 1847.

He was soon busy once more, employing his talents as
engineer in the surveys made of the captured city, and showing
his character in endeavoring to reconcile the testy Scott with
his subordinates. Later, he was put in charge of the defenses
of Baltimore, and later still, in 1852, he was made superintend
ent of the Military Academy at West Point. During his ad
ministration the discipline was improved and the course of
study lengthened. In 1855, he was promoted lieutenant-colonel
of the Second Cavalry, and in the spring of the next year he
joined his regiment in western Texas. Pursuit of maraud
ing Indians and study of animals and plants employed his
hours, but he suffered from his separation from his wife and
children, domestic affection being as characteristic a trait as
his genius for battle. In July, 1857, the command of his
regiment devolved upon him, and three months later he was
called to Arlington on account of the death of his father-in-
law, Mr. Custis. Despite the change in his circumstances, he
returned to his command in Texas and remained until the au
tumn of 1859, when he was given leave to visit his family. It
was during this visit that he was ordered with a company of
marines to Harper's Ferry to dislodge John Brown. Then,
after giving the legislature of Virginia some advice with re
gard to the organization of the militia, he took command of
the Department of Texas. From afar he watched sadly the

[58]

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LEE'S BOYHOOD PLAYGROUND

When Robert E. Lee came over from Alexandria as a boy, to play soldier in the gardens and grounds around
this beautiful mansion overlooking the Potomac, he could hardly have thought of its occupation during his
life-time by a hostile force determined to bend his native State to its will. When he was graduated from West
Point in 1829 and proudly donned the army blue, he little imagined that thirty-two years later, after he had
paced his room all night in terrible perplexity, he would doff the blue for another color sworn to oppose it. The
estate about Arlington house was a fair and spacious domain. Every part of it had rung in his early youth
and young manhood with the voice of her who later became his wife. He had whispered his love in its shaded
alleys, and here his children had come into the world. Yet here stand men with swords and muskets ready
to take his life if they should meet him on the field of battle. Arlington, once famous for its hospitality, has
since extended a silent welcome to 20,000 dead. Lee's body is not here, but reposes in a splendid marble
tomb at Washington and Lee University, where he ruled with simple dignity after the finish of the war.

^

drift of the two sections toward war, and in February, 1861,
upon the secession of Texas, he was recalled to Washington.

It is needless to discuss exhaustively Lee's attitude on
the questions that were dividing the country. He did not be
lieve in slavery or secession, but, on the other hand, he did not
admit that the general Government had the right to invade
and coerce sovereign States, and he shared the conviction of
his fellow Southerners that their section had been aggrieved
and was threatened with grave losses. He sided with those
whom he regarded as his " people," and they have continued
to honor his decision, which, as we have seen, was inevitable,
given his training and character.

It was equally inevitable, in view of the oaths he had taken,
and of the existence of theories of government to which he did
not subscribe, that his entering the service of the Confederacy
should seem to many Americans a wilful act of treason. His
conduct will probably continue to furnish occasion for censure
to those who judge actions in the light of rigid political, social,
and ecclesiastical theories instead of in the light of circum
stances and of the phases of character. To his admirers, on
the other hand, who will increase rather than diminish, Lee
will remain a hero without fear and without reproach.

Lee spent the weeks immediately following the inaugura
tion of Lincoln in a state of great nervous tension. There
seems to be little reason to doubt that, had he listened to the
overtures made him, he could have had charge of the Union
forces to be put in the field. On April 20, 1861, he resigned
the colonelcy of the First Cavalry, and on the 23d he accepted
the command of the military forces of Virginia in a brief
speech worthy of the career upon which he was entering. A
little less than a month later he became a brigadier of the
Confederacy, that being then the highest grade in the Southern
service.

For some time he chafed at not being allowed to take the
field, but he could not be spared as an organizer of troops and

[GO]

WHERE LEE STOOD SUPREME— THE WILDERNESS IN 1864

From the point of view of the mil
itary student Lee's consummate
feats of generalship were performed
in the gloom of the Wilderness.
On this ground he presented an al
ways unbroken front against which
Grant dashed his battalions in vain.
Never were Lee's lines here broken;
the assailants must always shift
their ground to seek a fresh oppor
tunity for assault. At this spot on
the battlefield of the Wilderness the
opposing forces lay within twenty-
four feet of each other all night.
The soldiers, too, had learned by
this 1864 campaign to carry out
orders with judgment of their own.
The rank and file grew to be ex
cellent connoisseurs of the merits of
a position. "If they only save a
finger it will do some good," was
General Longstreet's reply, when
his engineer officers complained
that their work on Marye's Hill
was being spoiled by being built
higher by the gunners of the Wash
ington artillery — who had to fight

LEE IN THE FIELD
THE BEST KNOWN PORTRAIT

behind them. For this reason the
significance of the lines as shown in
many war maps is often very puz
zling to the students of to-day, who
have never seen the actual field of
operations and have no other guide.
Much of the ground disputed by the
contending forces in our Civil \Var
was quite unlike the popular con
ception of a battlefield, derived
from descriptions of European cam
paigns, or from portrayals of the
same, usually fanciful. For at this
variety of warfare, Lee was a
master, as well as on the rolling
open plains of the Virginia farm.
The portrait of Lee opposite was
taken during the campaign pre
ceding this test of the Wilderness.
The reproduction here is directly
from the photograph — taken at
Lee's first sitting in war-time, and
his only one " in the field." Re
productions of this picture painted,
engraved, and lithographed were
widely circulated after the war.
The likeness was much impaired.

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an adviser to President Davis. While others were winning
laurels at First Manassas (Bull Run) he was trying to direct
from a distance the Confederate attempts to hold what is now
West Virginia, and in August he took personal charge of the
difficult campaign. There is no denying the fact that he was
not successful. His suhordinates were not in accord, his men
were ill supplied, the season was inclement, and the country
was unfavorahle to military operations. Perhaps a less kindly
commander might have accomplished something ; it is more cer
tain that Lee did not deserve the harsh criticism to which for
the moment he was subjected.

He was next assigned to command the Department of
South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, and he showed remark
able skill in laying down plans of coast defenses which long
held the Union fleet at bay. In March, 1862, he was recalled
to Richmond to direct the military operations of the Confed
eracy under President Davis, \vho was not a merely nominal
commander-in-chief. Lee's self-control and balance of char
acter enabled him to fill the post without friction, and for a
time he was permitted to be with his wife and children, who
were exiles from the confiscated estate of Arlington. He pre
pared men and supplies to oppose McClellan's advance toward
Richmond, and successfully resisted " Joe " Johnston's plan
to withdraw troops from the South and risk all on a pitched
battle with McClellan near the capital. When, later, Johnston
was wounded at Seven Pines, the command of the Confederate
army on the Chickahominy devolved upon Lee (June, 1862)
and he was at last in a position to make a full display of his
genius as a strategist and an offensive fighter.

He at once decided, against the opinions of most of his
officers, not to fall back nearer Richmond, and, after sending
J. E. B. Stuart on a scouting circuit of the Union army, he
prepared for the offensive. The attack made on June 26th
failed because " Stonewall " Jackson's fatigued soldiers, who

[62]

ALL

THE ORIGINAL
WAR-TIME PHOTOGRAPHS

OF
ROBERT E. LEE

"I believe there were none of the
little things of life so irksome to him
as having his picture taken in any
way," writes Captain Robert E. Lee
of his illustrious father. Lee was
photographed in war-time on three
occasions only, one was in the field,
about '02~'(53; the second in Rich
mond in 18(53; and the third imme
diately after the surrender, at his
Richmond home. Several of the
portraits resulting have appeared in
other volumes of this history; all
the rest are presented with this chap
ter. Lee's first sitting produced the
full-length on page 235, Volume II,
and the full-face on the page pre
ceding this — the popular portrait,
much lithographed and engraved,
but rarely shown, as here, from an
original photograph, with the expres
sion not distorted into a false amia
bility, but calm and dignified as in
nature. Lee's second sitting was
before Vannerson's camera in Rich
mond, 1803. Richmond ladies had
made for their hero a set of shirts,
and had begged him to sit for a por
trait. Lee, yielding, courteously
wore one of the gifts. The amateur
shirtmakmg is revealed in the set of
the collar, very high in the neck, as
seen in the photographs on this page.
Another negative of this second oc-

LEE

AT THE HEIGHT OE
HIS FAME

18(53

AS

PRESENTED
IN THIS CHAPTER

AND IN-
OTHER VOLUMES

casion, a full-length, is reproduced in
Volume IX, page 123. The third
photographing of Lee was done by
Brady. It was the first opportunity
of the camera wizard since the war
began to preserve for posterity the
fine features of the Southern hero.
The position selected by Brady was
under the back porch of Lee's home
in Richmond, near the basement
door, on account of the better light.
The results were excellent. Three
appear with this chapter: a magnifi
cent three-quarter view, enlarged on
page 63; a full-length, on page 69;
and a group with Custis Lee and
Colonel Taylor, on page 67. An
other view of this group will be
found on page 83 of Volume I; and
the fifth of these Brady pictures, a
seated profile of Lee alone, on page
23 of Volume III. An early daguer-
reotypist had portrayed Lee in
1850 as a young engineer-colonel
— see page 55. The general's later
life is covered by his celebrated pho
tograph on " Traveler " in Septem
ber, 1866, on page 121 of Volume
IX; by the two portraits of 'C7 and
'69 on page 73; by the photograph
with Johnston, taken in 1869, on
page 341 of Volume I, and by the
striking group photograph that
forms the frontispiece to this volume.

had just performed brilliant feats in the Valley of Virginia
were not brought up in time. The next day's struggle
resulted in a Pyrrhic victory for Lee, who was left, how
ever, in complete control of the north bank of the Chicka-
hominy.

The remainder of the great Seven Days' righting around
Richmond need not be described. Lee himself did not escape
criticism; he was often badly supported; the Federals, as at
Malvern Hill, showed themselves to be gallant foes, but the net
result was the retreat of McClellan to the shelter of his gun
boats, the relief of Richmond, and the recognition of Lee as
the chief defender of the South. The Confederate commander
was not fully satisfied, believing that with proper support he
ought to have crushed his adversary. Perhaps he was oversan-
guine, but it is clear that aspiring aggressiveness is a necessary
element in the character of a general who is to impress the
imagination of the world.

His next procedure, McClellan having again begun to
retreat, was to join Jackson against Pope, who had been threat
ening the Piedmont region. After complicated operations,
in which the Federal general showed much bewilderment, and
after daringly dividing his army in order to enable Jackson to
move on Pope's rear, Lee won the complete victory of Second
Manassas on August 30, 1862. Despite his inferior numbers,
his aggressiveness and his ability to gage his opponents had
enabled him to rid Virginia of Federal forces, and he re
solved to invade Maryland. Davis acquiesced in his far-
sighted plan, and the march began on September 5th. The
detaching of Jackson to take Harper's Ferry and the loss of
one of Lee's orders, which fell into McClellan's hands, soon
gave a somewhat sinister turn to the campaign. Lee's boldness
and extraordinary capacity on the field enabled him, however,
to fight the drawn battle of Sharpsburg, or Antietam, on Sep
tember 17th with remarkable skill, yet with dreadful losses to

[64]

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LEE— THE GENERAL WHO SHOULDERED "ALL THE RESPONSIBILITY"

The nobility revealed by the steadfast lips, the flashing eyes in this magnificent portrait is reflected by a happening a few days before
its taking. It was 1865. The forlorn hope of the Confederacy had failed. Gordon and Fitzhugh Lee had attacked the Federal lines
on April 9th, but found them impregnable. Lee heard the news, and said: "Then there is nothing left me but to go and see General
Grant." — "Oh, General, what will history say to the surrender of the army in the field?" — Lee's reply is among the finest of his
utterances: "Yes, I know they will say hard things of us; they will not understand how we were overwhelmed by numbers; but that
is not the question, Colonel; the question is, is it right to surrender this army? If it is right, then I will take all the responsibility."

both sides. In the end he was forced to withdraw into Virginia,
the campaign, from at least the political point of view, having
proved a failure. As a test of efficient handling of troops in
battle, Antietam, however, is a crowning point in Lee's mili
tary career.

The Army of Northern Virginia repassed the Potomac in
good order, and Lee took up his headquarters near Winchester,
doing his best to obtain supplies and to recruit his forces.
Here, as later, one sees in him a figure of blended dignity and
pathos, making a deep appeal to the imagination. His bearing
and attire befitted the commander of one of the most efficient
armies ever brought together; yet his most impressive quali
ties were his poise, his considerateness for others, his forget-
fulness of self. No choice morsel for him while sick and
wounded soldiers were within reach of his ministrations. Bul
lets might be whizzing around him, but he would stoop to pick
up and care for a stunned young bird. No wonder that when,
on a desperate day in the Wilderness, he attempted to head a
charge, his lovingly indignant soldiers forced him back. They,
had visions of a hapless South deprived of its chief champion.
To-day their sons have visions of a South fortunate in being
a contented part of a great, undivided country and in possess
ing that choicest of possessions, a hero in whom power and
charm are mingled in equal measure.

But we must take up once more our thin thread of narra
tive. Burnside superseded McClellan, and Lee, with the sup
port of Longstreet and " Stonewall " Jackson, encountered him
at Fredericksburg, where, on December 13, 1862, the Federals
suffered one of the most disastrous defeats of the war. Hooker
succeeded Burnside and began operations well by obtaining
at Chancellorsville a position in Lee's rear. Then came the
tremendous fighting of May 2 and 3, 1863, followed by Hook
er's retreat across the Rappahannock on the 6th. The Confed-

[66]

LEE IN RICHMOND AFTER THE WAR

The quiet distinction and dignity of the Confederate leader appears particularly in this group portrait —
always a trying ordeal for the central figure. Superbly calm he sits, the general who laid down arms totally
unembittered, and set a magnificent example to his followers in peace as he had in war. Lee strove after the
fall of the Confederacy, with all his far-reaching influence, to allay the feeling aroused by four years of the
fiercest fighting in history. This photograph was taken by Brady in 1865, in the basement below the back
porch of Lee's Franklin Street house in Richmond. On his right stands General G. W. C. Lee, on his left,
Colonel Walter Taylor. This is one of five photographs taken by Brady at this time. A second and third
are shown on pages 65 and 69, a fourth on page 83 of Volume I, and a fifth on page 23 of Volume III.

•$•

•*•

erate victory was dearly paid for, not only in common soldiers
but in the death of " Stonewall " Jackson.

Weakened though Lee was, he determined upon another
invasion of the North — his glorious, but ill-fated, Gettys
burg campaign. Was it justifiable before those three days
of fierce fighting that ended in Pickett's charge? Was Lee
merely candid, not magnanimous, when he took upon himself
the responsibility for the failure of his brilliant plans; or are
his biographers in the right when they seek to relieve him at
the expense of erring and recalcitrant subordinates? In his
confidence in himself and his army, did he underrate the
troops and the commander opposing him? Could Meade, after
July 3d, have crushed Lee and materially shortened the war?

However these military questions may be finally answered,
if final answers are ever obtained, Lee's admirers need feel little
apprehension for his fame. The genius to dare greatly and the
character to suffer calmly have always been and will always be
the chief attributes of the world's supreme men of action.
These, in splendid measure, are the attributes of Lee, and they
were never more conspicuously displayed than in the Gettys
burg campaign. Success is not always a true measure of great
ness, but insistence upon success as a standard is a very good
measure for a certain kind of smallness.

Meade not acting on the offensive, Lee began to retreat
and at last got his army across the Potomac. Meade followed
him into Virginia, but no important fighting was done in that
State during the remainder of 1863, a year in which the Con
federacy fared badly elsew'here. Lee suggested that he should
be relieved by a younger man, but President Davis was too
wise to accede, and the Southern cause was assured of its cham
pion, even though the gaunt forms of famine and defeat kept
drawing nearer and nearer.

Lee's army suffered severely during the winter of 1863-
64 in the defenses behind the Rapidan, but its chief bore all
privations with a simple Christian fortitude that renders super-

LEE IN 1865

The gray-haired man who wears his uniform with such high distinction is the
general who had shown every kind of bravery known to the soldier, including the
supreme courage to surrender his army in the field when he saw that further fighting
would he a useless sacrifice of lives. This was a photograph taken by Brady,
shortly before Lee left his home to become president of Washington University.

fluous any reference to Roman stoicism. With the spring lie
girded himself to meet his future conqueror, Grant, in cam
paigns which proved that, although he himself could he finally
crushed by weight of numbers, he was nevertheless the greater
master of the art of war. Grant's army was nearly twice as
large as that of Lee, but this superiority was almost neutral
ized by the fact that he was taking the offensive in the tangled
region known as the Wilderness. The fighting throughout
May and June, 1864, literally defies description. Grant at last
had to cease maneuvering and to fight his way out to a junc
tion with Butler on the James. He would attack time and
again with superb energy, only to be thrown back with heavy
losses. Lee used his advantage of fighting on interior lines
and his greater knowledge of the country, and so prevented
any effective advance on Richmond. Finally, after the ter
rible slaughter at Cold Harbor, he forced Grant to cease
hammering. Yet, after all, the Federal commander was not
outfought. He had to submit to the delay involved in tak
ing Petersburg before he could take Richmond, but the fall
of the Confederate capital was. inevitable, since his own losses
could be made up and Lee's could not.

On June 18, 1864, Lee's forces joined in the defense of
Petersburg, and Grant was soon entrenching himself for the
siege of the town. The war had entered upon its final stage,
as Lee clearly perceived. The siege lasted until the end of
March, 186.5, Grant's ample supplies rendering his victory cer
tain, despite the fact that when he tested the fighting quality
of his adversaries he found it unimpaired. In one sense it was
sheer irony to give Lee, in February, 1865, the commander-
ship-in-chief of the Confederate armies ; yet the act was the out
ward sign of a spiritual fact, since, after all, he was and had
long been the true Southern commander, and never more so
than when he bore privation with his troops in the wintry
trenches around Petersburg.

70}

LEE

AND HIS STAFF

AS THE WAR ENDED

MEN

WHO STAYED
THROUGH APPOMATTOX

These twelve members of General Robert E. Lee's staff surrendered with him at Appomattox Court House, and with him signed a
parole drawn up by Grant, to the effect that they would not take up arms against the United States until or unless they were exchanged.
This military medallion was devised by the photographer Rockwell during General Lee's stay in Richmond in April, 1865. These
facts are furnished by Major Giles B. Cooke (No. 12, above), who had verified them by writing General Lee himself after the surrender.

Late in March and early in April, the Federals made Lee's
position untenable, and he pressed on to Amelia Court House,
where the expected supplies failed him, Richmond having
meanwhile surrendered on April 3, 1865. Grant, drawing
near, sent Lee on April 7th a courteous call to surrender. Lee,
still hoping against hope for supplies, asked Grant's terms.
Before the final surrender he took his chance of breaking
through the opposing lines, but found them too strong. Then
he sent a flag of truce to Grant, and a little before noon on
April 9th held a meeting with him in a house at Appomattox
Court House. It is superfluous to say that in his bearing at the
interview and in the terms he offered his exhausted foes, Grant
illustrated as completely the virtue of magnanimity as Lee
did that of dignified resignation.

With tears in his eyes, Lee told his ragged but still un
daunted veterans that their cause was lost. Then he issued a
noble address to the survivors of his army, received visits from
old friends among his opponents, and rode away on " Traveller"
toward Richmond. In the fallen capital, even the Federal
troops greeted him with enthusiasm, and he was at last once
more in the bosom of his family. In June, he went to the coun
try for rest, and later in the summer he accepted the presidency
of Washington College at Lexington, now Washington and
Lee University. He had previously refused many gifts and
offers of positions which seemed tainted by mercenary consid
erations.

As a college president, General Lee both in character and
in poise of intellect ranks with the first. During the five years
of his administration the institution prospered financially, and
the course of studies was liberally enlarged, no narrow military
conceptions being allowed to prevail. He was as beloved by
his students as he had been by his soldiers, and he was content
with his small sphere of influence, declining most wisely to
accept the governorship of the State and a political career

[72]

4

LEE IN 1867

PRESIDENT OF WASHINGTON COLLEGE, LATER
WASHINGTON AND LEE UNIVERSITY

LEE IN 1869

THE YEAR BEFORE HIS DEATH AT THE AGE
OF SIXTY-THREE

THE DECLINING YEARS

In these portraits the bright eyes of the daring leader have lost none of their fire; the handsome head
still remains erect. In October, 1865, Lee had been installed as president of Washington College at
Lexington, Virginia, later named in his honor Washington and Lee University. Under his manage
ment new chairs were founded, the scheme of study enlarged, and from the moral side it would have
been impossible to secure finer results. Lee's greatness of soul was shown in the way in which he
urged the Southern people loyally to accept the result of the war. On the morning of October 1C2,
1870, at the age of sixty-three, he died — mourned throughout the Union which he had helped to
reunite, and throughout the civilized world, which had watched with admiration his gallant fight and
nobility of soul. "To those who saw his composure under the greater and lesser trials of life,"
wrote Colonel William Preston Johnson, his intimate friend, "and his justice and forbearance with
the most unjust and uncharitable, it seemed scarcely credible that his serene soul was shaken by the
evil that raged around him." Oil his dying bed he fought over the great battles of the war. How
strongly he felt his responsibility is shown by nearly his last words: "Tell Hill he must come up. "

4* *$• •$* •$• 4*

for which neither his years nor his temperament fitted

him.

His health, which had begun to be impaired in 1803, grad
ually failed him, and in 1869 grew somewhat alarming. In
the spring of 1870, he took a trip South with little result, and
then he went to some springs for the summer. He resumed his
duties at the college, but soon was taken ill in consequence of an
accidental exposure, and after a short illness he died on Octo
ber 12, 1870. His last words were of the war and his often
dilatory subordinates: " Tell Hill he must come up."

Tributes came from friend and foe, and now, after forty
years have passed, they continue to come. Lee is to the South
ern people and to many military experts in foreign countries
the greatest commander of armies that America has ever pro
duced. He is to all who have studied his character, and to
many who have merely heard or read of him in a general way,
one of the noblest of men. He is the ideal gentleman, not
merely of Nature's making, but of race and breeding; in other
words, a true aristocrat. Yet to his aristocratic virtues, he
added the essentially democratic virtues, and he was an ideal
Christian as well as an ideal gentleman and man.

Lee's rank among the great men of the world is not so
easy to determine, yet it seems clear that he must be named
with the greatest of all time, with soldiers like Marlborough,
for example, and that an additional luster attaches to his fame
which few other great captains enjoy, since he attracts sympa
thy and love almost more than he does admiration. More
completely perhaps than any other modern man of Anglo-
Saxon stock he is qualified to be at once a hero of history and
a hero of romance. He is the representative of a people that
has suffered; hence his character and career possess a unique
spiritual value not fully to be estimated by those who apply
to him the normal tests of historical greatness.

[74 ]

Ill

SHERMAN

A LEADER WHO FOUGHT, BUT WHO WON MORE
BY MARCHES THAN OTHERS WON BY FIGHTING

MAJOR GENERAL

WILLIAM T. SHERMAN

AND HIS GENERALS

This photograph shows Sher
man with seven major-generals
who "went through" with him
—fighting their way to Atlanta,
and marching on the famous ex
pedition from Atlanta to the
sea and nortli through the Car-
olinas to the battle of Benton-
ville and Johnston's surrender.

From left to right they are:

MAJOR-GEXERAL

O. O. HOWARD

Commanding the Army of the

Tennessee

MAJOR-GENERAL

J. A. LOGAN

Formerly Commanding the
Army of the Tennessee

MAJOR-GENERAL
W. B. HA ZEN

Commanding a Division in the
Fifteenth Army Corps

M AJOR-G ENERAL

W. T. SHERMAN
Commanding the Military Divi
sion of the Mississippi

MAJOR-GENERAL
JEFF C. DAVIS

Commanding the Fourteenth
Army Corps

MAJOR-GENERAL
H. W. SLOCUM

Commanding the Army of
Georgia

MAJOR-GENERAL
J. A. MOWER

Commanding the Twentieth
Army Corps

[76]

WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN

BY WALTER L. FLEMING, PH.D.
Profetiftor of History, Louisiana State University

THE armies of the United States were led in 1804-65 by
two generals, to whom, more than to any other military
leaders, was due the final victory of the Northern forces. Both
Grant and Sherman were Western men; both were somewhat
unsuccessful in the early years of the war and attained success
rather late; to both of them the great opportunity finally came,
in 1863, in the successful movement which opened the Mis
sissippi, and their rewards were the two highest commands
in the Federal army and the personal direction of the two
great masses of men which were to crush the life out of the
weakening Confederacy. Grant was the chief and Sherman
his lieutenant, but some military critics hold that the latter
did more than his chief to bring the war to an end. They were
friends and were closely associated in military matters after
1862; in temperament and in military methods each supple
mented the other, and each enabled the other to push his plans
to success.

William Tecumseh Sherman was born in Lancaster, Ohio,
February 8, 1820. The family was of New England origin,
and had come to America from England in the seventeenth
century. About two hundred years later, Sherman's father
and mother migrated to what was then the unsettled West and
made their home in Ohio. His father, a lawyer and in his later
years a justice of the Ohio Supreme Court, died in 1829, leav
ing a large family of children without adequate support. The
subject of this sketch was adopted into the family of Thomas
Ewing, who was later United States senator, and Secretary of
) the Interior in the cabinets of Harrison and Tyler. The boy f

BEFORE THE MARCH TO THE SEA

These two photographs of General Sherman were taken in 1864 — the year that made him an inter
national figure, before his march to the sea which electrified the civilized world, and exposed once for
all the crippled condition of the Confederacy. After that autumn expedition, the problem of the
Union generals was merely to contendwith detached armies, no longer with the combined States of the
Confederacy. The latter had no means of extending further support to the dwindling troops in the
field. Sherman was the chief Union exponent of the tactical gift that makes marches count as much
as fighting. In the early part of 1864 he made his famous raid across Mississippi from Jackson to
Meridian and back again, destroying the railroads, Confederate stores, and other property, and des
olating the country along the line of march. In May he set out from Chattanooga for the invasion of
Georgia. For his success in this campaign he was appointed, on August 12th, a major-general in the
regular army. On November 12th, he started with the pick of his men on his march to the sea.
After the capture of Savannah, December 21st, Sherman's fame was secure; yet he was one of the
most heartily execrated leaders of the war. There is a hint of a smile in the right-hand picture. The
left-hand portrait reveals all the sternness and determination of a leader surrounded by dangers,
about to penetrate an enemy's country against the advice of accepted military authorities.

grew up with the Western country in which he lived, among
energetic, brainy farmers, lawyers, and politicians, the state-
makers of the West.

When sixteen years of age, Sherman secured an appoint
ment to West Point, where he tells us "I was not considered
a good soldier." But he was at least a good student, for he
graduated as number six in a class of forty-two, the survivors
of one hundred and forty-one who had entered four years be
fore.

After graduation, in 1840, he was assigned to the Third
Artillery, with which he served for six years in the Southern
States, mainly in Florida and South Carolina. In South Car
olina, he made the acquaintance of the political and social lead
ers of the South. At this time, in fact up to the Civil War,
Sherman was probably better acquainted with Southern life
and Southern conditions than with Northern. He spent some
of his leisure time in the study of his profession and finally
attacked the study of law.

Most of the next ten years was spent in California, where
he was sent, in 1846, at the outbreak of the Mexican War. As
aide to Generals S. W. Kearny, Mason, and Smith, in turn,
Sherman was busy for four years in assisting to untangle the
problems of the American occupation.

In 1850, he returned to Ohio and was married to Senator
Ewing's daughter, Ellen Boyle Ewing, a woman of strong
character and fine intellect, who for thirty-six years was to
him a genuine helpmeet. About the same time, he was made
captain in the Commissary Department and served for a short
time in St. Louis and New Orleans, resigning early in 1850
that he might return to California to take charge of a banking
establishment, a branch house of Lucas, Turner and Company,
of St. Louis.

During this second period of life in California, we see
Sherman as a business man — a banker. He was cautious and

[80]

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SHERMAN IN 1865

If Sherman was deemed merciless in war, he was superbly generous when the fighting
was over. To Joseph E. Johnston he offered most liberal terms of surrender for the
Southern armies. Their acceptance would have gone far to prevent the worst of the
reconstruction enormities. Unfortunately his first convention with Johnston wras
disapproved. The death of Lincoln had removed the guiding hand that would have
meant so much to the nation. To those who have read his published correspondence
and his memoirs Sherman appears in a very human light. He was fluent and fre
quently reckless in speech and writing, but his kindly humanity is seen in both.

successful, and soon his bank was considered one of the best
on the Pacific coast. This was due mainly to the prudent
management by which the institution was enabled to weather
the storm that destroyed nearly all the California!! banks in
1 85(5-57. But Sherman had always reported to his headquar
ters in St. Louis that the bank could not make profits under
the existing conditions, and in 1857 his advice was accepted and
the business closed.

From 1853 to 1857, Sherman appears in but one con
spicuous instance in another role than that of banker. In 1856,
he accepted the appointment of general of militia in order to
put down the Vigilantes, an organization formed in San Fran
cisco to crush the lawlessness which had come as a natural re
sult of the weakness and corruption of the local government.
He sympathized with the members of the organization in their
desire to put down disorder, but maintained that the proper
authorities should be forced to remedy matters, and that illegal
methods of repressing crime should not be tolerated. For a
time it seemed that he would succeed, but the local authorities
were much disliked and distrusted by the people, and the prom
ised support was not given him by the United States military
authorities, with the result that his plans failed.

During the next two years, Sherman decided that as a
business man he was a failure. In his letters, he vigorously as
serts it as a fact; and in truth his business career must have
been extremely unsatisfactory to him. In spite of good man
agement, the San Francisco venture had failed. For a few
months afterward he was in charge of another branch of the
same business in Xew York, and, during the great panic of
1857, this also was discontinued on account of the failure of
the main house in St. Louis. Then he went to Kansas, decided
to practise law and was admitted to the bar, " on general in
telligence," he said, and with his brother-in-law formed the law
firm of Ewing, Sherman and McCook.

[82]

'IEWS OF REVIEWS CO

SHERMAN IN 1876

A SOLDIER TO THE END

The t"A\ figure of "Old Tecumseh" in 187(5, though crowned with gray, still stood erect and com
manding. Upon the appointment of Grant as full general, in July, 1866, Sherman had been pro
moted to the lieutenant-generalship. When Grant became President of the United States, March
4, 1869, Sherman succeeded him as general. An attempt was made to run him against Grant in
1872, but he emphatically refused to allow his name to be used. He retired from the army on full
pay in February, 1884. Although he was practically assured of the Republican nomination for
President that year, he telegraphed that he would not accept the nomination if given, and would
not serve if elected. He spent his later years among his old army associates, attending reunions,
making speeches at soldiers' celebrations, and putting his papers in order for future historians. He
resolutely refused all inducements to enter the political arena, and to the end he remained a soldier.

MmMfc.

Sherman's law career, as he described it, was rather
humorous. He lost his only case, a dispute over the possession
of a shanty, but joined with his client to defeat the judgment
by removing the house at night. Afterward, he undertook
army contracts for constructing military roads and opened
a large tract of Kansas wild land for Senator Ewing. Dis
gusted with business life, Sherman decided to reenter the army,
and applied for a paymastership. But his friends of the War
Department recommended him instead for the superintendency
of the Louisiana State Seminary (now the Louisiana State
University), then being organized. He wras elected to that
position in August, 1859, and for a third time he made his home
in the South.

He was an efficient college executive; the seminary was
soon organized and running like clockwork, students and in
structors all under the careful direction of the superintendent,
who very soon became a general favorite, not only with " his
boys " but with the faculty of young Virginian professors.
He had no regular classes, but gave episodical instruction in
American history and geography, and on Fridays conducted
the " speaking." He was a good story-teller, and frequently
his room would be crowded with students and young professors,
listening to his descriptions of army life and of the great West.

He was a firm believer in expansion and " our manifest des
tiny," and frequently lectured to students and visitors on those
events in American history which resulted in the rounding-out
of the national domain. It was due, perhaps, to his long
residence in the far West that he regarded slavery as in no
sense the cause of the sectional troubles of 1860-61. It was
all the result, he maintained, of the machinations of unscrupu
lous politicians scheming for power, working upon a restless
people who were suffering from an overdose of Democracy. It
is clear that Sherman, while appreciating both the Northern

[84]

SHERMAN'S LEADERS IN THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN

THE FIRST OF FIVE GROUPS OF LEADERS WHO MADE POSSIBLE SHERMAN'S LACONIC MESSAGE
OF SEPTEMBER, 1864: "ATLANTA IS OURS AND FAIRLY WON"

James D. Morgan, Leader of a Division
in Palmer's Corps.

K. M. Johnson, Leader of a Division
in the Fourteenth Corps.

John Xewton I/ed the Second Division
of the Fourth Corps.

Alpheus S. Williams, Leader of a Division Edward M. McCook, Dashing Leader of a Wager Swayne, Originally Colonel of the
under General Joseph Hooker. Cavalry Division in Front of Atlanta. 43d Ohio, Brevetted Major-General.

*$* *$•

and the Southern points of view, did not fully comprehend the
forces which for years had been driving the sections apart.

When Louisiana seceded, Sherman announced publicly
what was already generally known — that he would not remain
at the seminary ; that he would take no part against the United
States. It is said that he wept bitterly when he heard of the
withdrawal of South Carolina. One of the strongest argu
ments against secession was, in his opinion, the geographic
one. Familiar with all the Southern country, especially the
Mississippi valley, he insisted that Xature itself had already
decided the question against secession and that the South ought
to struggle within the Union for redress of grievances. He
believed that the South, though itself at fault, was aggrieved.
He could not be prevailed upon to remain, and in February,
1861, he left the seminary and the State.

Sherman at once went to Washington where he found the
politicians busy, and as they and Lincoln were " too radical "
to suit him, he left, profanely declaring that " the politicians
have got the country into this trouble; now let them get it out."
For two months he was president of a street-railway company
in St. Louis, and while here he was a witness of the division of
Missouri into hostile camps. He wratched the Xorth while it
gradually made up its mind to fight, and then he offered his
services to the War Department, and was appointed colonel of
the Thirteenth United States Infantry.

Sherman's military career falls into four rather distinct
parts: The Manassas, or Bull Run, campaign, and Kentucky,
in 1801; the Shiloh-Corinth campaign, in 1862; the opening
of the Mississippi, in 1863; the campaigns in Georgia and
the Carolinas, in 1864-65. During the first two years, he
was making mistakes, getting experience, and learning his pro
fession. In the third campaign, his military reputation was
made secure, and in the last one he crushed half the Confed
eracy mainly by his destructive marches.

At Bull Run, or Manassas, he commanded a brigade with

[80]

Thos. II. Ruger Commanded a Brigade J. G. Veatch, Division Leader in the Morgan L. Smith, Leader of the
under General Hooker. Sixteenth Army Corps. Second Division, Fourteenth Corps.

LEADERS IN THE
ATLANTA CAMPAIGN-
GROUP No. 2

COMMANDERS OF BRIGADES
AND DIVISIONS WHICH FOUGHT
UNDER McPHERSON, THOMAS
AND HOOKER IN THE CAMPAIGN
FOR ATLANTA, SUMMER OF '64

J. D. Cox Commanded a Division
under General Schofield.

M. D. Manson, Brigade Leader in the
Twenty-third Corps.

Charles Cruft Commanded a Brigade
under General Stanley.

J. A. J. Lightburn Led a Division in
the Army of the Tennessee.

W. L. Elliott, Chief of Cavalry under
General Thomas

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credit, and though it was routed he quickly restored its organ
ization and morale, and for this he was made a brigadier-gen
eral of volunteers.

Transferred to Kentucky to assist General Robert An
derson, his former commander, in organizing the Federals of
Kentucky, he came near ruining his career by the frankness
of his speech to the Secretary of War and to the newspaper
men. The administration evidently desired to minimize the
gravity of the situation in the West, but Sherman insisted that
to hold Kentucky sixty thousand men were necessary, and to
open the valley to the Gulf two hundred thousand wrould be
needed. He was better acquainted with the Southern temper
than \vere the Xorthern politicians and the newspapers, some
of which now declared him insane for making such a statement.
He was hounded by them for several months and was almost
driven from the service. The course of the war showed that
he was correct.

During the next year was begun the movement to open
the Mississippi valley. From the beginning of the war this
had been one of Sherman's favorite projects. It was a West
ern feeling that the river must be opened, that the valley must
belong to one people. Sherman saw service in responsible com
mands in the Shiloh- Corinth campaign. At Shiloh, he, like
the other Federal and Confederate commanders, wras hardly
at his best; all of them still had much to learn. But in the
rather uneventful Corinth military promenade, Sherman be
gan to show his wonderful capacity for making marches count
as much as fighting. He was now regarded as one of the best
minor leaders, was no longer, considered insane, and was made
a major-general of volunteers as a reward for his services in
the campaign.

In the Vicksburg campaign of 1863, which completed the
opening of the Mississippi and cut in two the Confederacy,
Sherman bore a conspicuous part, first under McClernand and

[88]

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Nathan Kimball Led a Division in
the Fourth Corps.

Samuel Beatty, Leader of a Brigade
in the Fourth Corps.

William B. Hazen Commanded a
Division under McPherson.

J. M. Corse "Held the Fort" at Ala

LEADERS IX THE ATLANTA

CAMPAIGN
GROUP No. 3

Joseph F. Knipe, Leader of a Brigade
in the Twentieth Corps.

GENERAL OFFICERS WHO LED BRI
GADES OR DIVISIONS IN THE HUN
DRED DAYS' MARCHING AND
FIGHTING FROM RESACA TO
ATLANTA

Charles Candy Led a Brigade in

Geary's Division of the Twentieth

Corps.

later under Grant. It was the successful termination of the
Vicksburg campaign which made secure the military reputa
tions of both Grant and Sherman. Their good fame was
enhanced by the subsidiary campaigns into the interior of
Mississippi, and by the battle on Missionary llidge, in Ten
nessee. Henceforth, " political " generals were less in evidence
and the professional soldiers came to the front. Grant was
called to exercise the chief command over all the armies of the
Union. To Sherman, who was now made a brigadier-general
of regulars, was given the supervision of the entire Southwest,
embracing practically all of the military frontier not under
Grant's immediate control. He was to direct the chief army
which was to strike at the vitals of the lower South, and to
exercise general supervision over the military operations in
Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, and Arkansas, which were
designed to make secure the hold of the Federals upon the
lower Mississippi valley.

The river was held, and the army of one hundred thousand
men, under the immediate command of Sherman, carried to suc
cessful conclusion, in 1864-65, three campaigns — that against
Atlanta, the " store-house of the Confederacy," for which he
was made major-general in the regular army, the march
through Georgia to the sea, cutting the Confederacy in two
a second time, and the campaign through the Carolinas, which
was designed to crush the two principal armies of the South
between Sherman's and Grant's forces.

For three months of the Atlanta campaign — May, June,
and July — Sherman was pitted against Joseph K. Johnston,
one of the Confederacy's greatest generals, the one best qual
ified to check Sherman's march. But Johnston, with his smaller
force, fell back slowly from one strong position to another,
holding each until flanked by Sherman, wrho could make prog
ress in no other way. When Atlanta was reached, Johnston
was superseded by John B. Hood, who at once initiated an

[90]

M. D. LeggetL Division William Harrow Commanded John \V. Fuller, Leader of a Thoirias W. Sweeny Led a

Leader in Blair's Corps. Division in Logan's Corps, Division in Dodge's Corps. Division in Dodge's Corps.

LEADERS IN THE ATLANTA
CAMPAIGN— No. 4

PROMINENT LEADERS IX THp] ARMY OF
THE CUMBERLAND AND THE TENNESSEE
IN SHERMAN'S MASTERLY MOVEMENT
TO THE HEART OF GEORGIA

George D. Wagner Commanded a
Division under Howard.

William F. Harry, Chief of Artillery
on Sherman's Staff.

W. W. Belknap, Promoted m John B. Turchin, Leader in William F. Ward Led a Di- John W. Sprague, Leader in
Front of Atlanta. the Fourteenth Corps. vision under Hooker. the Sixteenth Corps.

offensive policy but was severely defeated in several battles dur
ing the latter days of July and in August. For his success in
this campaign, Sherman was made a major-general in the reg
ular army. Finally Hood evacuated Atlanta, started on the
fatal Tennessee campaign, and left the Federal commander
free to move on through the almost undefended country to
the Atlantic seaboard.

Sherman had provided for the defense of Tennessee and
had garrisoned the important exposed posts which he considered
it necessary to retain. On November 12, 1864, communications
with the North were severed. He started with sixty-two thou
sand men on the " promenade " through Georgia, and for a
month was not heard from except through Confederate
sources. In December, Savannah was captured and was made
a Federal base of supplies. Then began the march to the
North through the Carolinas, which was much more difficult
than the march to the sea, and Sherman was again confronted
with his old antagonist, Joseph E. Johnston, who had been
placed in command of the remnants of the Confederate forces.
But the contest was more unequal than it had been in 1864,
and when Lee surrendered in Virginia, Johnston in North
Carolina gave up the struggle, and the war wras practically
at an end.

Here it is proper to add an estimate of the military quali
ties of the great Federal commander. Like the other success
ful commanders, he attained the fullness of his powers slowly.
Not all military experts agree that he \vas a great commander
on the battlefield, and in his successful campaigns he was gen
erally pitted against weaker Confederate forces, acting (Hood
excepted) uniformly on the defensive. Sherman's armies had
no such experiences as did those which opposed Robert E. Lee.
He was aided by such blunders of his opponents as wrere never
made by Lee. But all agree that under the military and

[92]

Jos. A. Cooper Commanded a Brigade M. F. Force Commanded a Brigade John H. King Commanded a Division
in the Twenty-third Corps. under Blair. in the Fourteenth Corps.

LEADERS IX THE

ATLANTA AND
NASHVILLE CAMPAIGNS

GENERAL OFFICERS
CONSPICUOUS IN SHERMAN'S

ADVANCE AND SOME

WHO PROTECTED THE FLANK

AND REAR OF HIS ARMY

Milo S. Hascall, Leader of a Division
in the Twenty-third Corps.

David S. Stanley, Leader of the H. M. Judah Commanded a Division Charles C. Walcutt, Leader of a
Fourth Corps ; an All-around Soldier. of the Twenty- third Corps. Brigade in the Fifteenth Corps.

•fc

economic conditions existing in the Southwest, Sherman was
preeminently fitted to undertake the task of breaking to pieces
the weakening South. He was a great strategist if not so
successful as a tactician ; he won more by marches than others
by fighting; lie had a genius for large conceptions, and with his
clear comprehension of Southern conditions he was able to
strike with irresistible force at the weak points in the defense.
Thus it was, according to Robert E. Lee, that he was enabled
to give the Confederacy a mortal wound before any of its
armies surrendered.

One feature of Sherman's campaigns, after leaving At
lanta, has been severely criticised. Much of the destruction of
private property in Georgia and South Carolina, it is held, was
not only unnecessary but amounted to cruelty in depriving
the population of the necessities of life. Woodrow Wilson
says of the work of the armies under Sherman's command:
' They had devoted themselves to destruction and the stripping
of the land they crossed with a thoroughness and a care for de
tails hardly to be matched in the annals of modern warfare-
each soldier played the marauder very heartily." Sherman
himself intimated that the march would " make Georgia howl,"
and would " make its inhabitants feel that war and ruin are
synonymous terms." The most intense feeling on the subject
still exists in the communities over which Sherman marched in
1864-65, a feeling which does not exist against any other com
mander on either side, nor against Sherman himself in the
regions over which he fought before 1864.

That Sherman himself did not intend to go beyond the
limits of legitimate warfare is clear, and the unfortunate ex
cesses were due mainly to. the somewhat demoralized discipline
of the troops, to the fact that they were in the midst of a hostile
country, to the increasing bitterness that had developed as
the war progressed, to the natural development of the permit
ted " foraging " into reckless plundering, and in part to certain
characteristics of Sherman himself, which probably affected the

5

ARMY AND CORPS LEADERS WHO ENDED THE WAR IN THE NORTHWEST AND SOUTHWEST

As Sherman cut the southeastern Con
federacy in two by Ms march to the sea,
so Sheridan (center of group above) and
Canby (shown below) \\iped off the map
the theaters of war in the northwest and
southwest respectively. With Merritt
and Torbert, and the dasliing Custer,
Sheridan swept the Shenandoah Valley.
Canby, as commander of the military
division of West Mississippi, directed the
Mobile campaign of March-April, 1865,
which resulted in the occupation by the
Federals of Mobile and Montgomery. A
raid by James H. Wilson (second from
right) had prepared the way for this re
sult. In May, 1865, Canby received the
surrender of the Confederate forces under
Generals R. Taylor and E. Kirby Smith,
the largest Confederate forces which sur

rendered at the end of the war. The cav
alry leaders in the upper picture are, from
left to right: Generals Wesley Merritt,
David McM. Gregg, Philip Henry Sher
idan, Henry E. Davies, James Harrison
Wilson, and Alfred T. A. Torbert. Wil
son was given the cavalry corps of the
military district of the Mississippi in
1865, and Torbert commanded the cav
alry corps of the Army of the Shenandoah
under Sheridan. These six great leaders
are among the men who handled the
Federal cavalry in its last days, welding
it into the splendid, efficient, aggressive,
fighting force that finally overwhelmed
the depleted ranks of their Confederate
opponents, Forrest and WTieeler in the
West and Rosser, Lomax, Stuart, the
two Lees and Hampton in the East.

GENERAL EDWARD R. S. CANBY

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policy of his corps commanders, who were more directly charged
with the conduct of the troops. But if Sherman was merciless
in war, he was superbly generous when the fighting was over.

When Grant was made President, Sherman succeeded him
as general of the army, and knowing Grant's views to coincide
with his own, he hoped so to reorganize the army that the com
manding general, not the Secretary of War, would be the real
head of the army. With Grant's assistance the reforms were
undertaken, but they lasted less than a month, the political pres
sure upon the President in favor of the old system being too
strong for him to bear. Sherman and Grant then drifted
apart ; the former could do little toward carrying out his plans
for the betterment of the army, and finally, to escape unpleas
ant treatment, he removed his headquarters to St. Louis where
he remained until President Hayes invited him to return to
Washington and inaugurate his cherished plans of army ad
ministration. This pleasing professional situation continued
until Sherman's retirement, in 1884.

During his later years, he spent most of his time in New
York among old army associates, attending reunions, making
speeches at soldier's celebrations, and putting his papers in
order for the use of future historians. Pie died in New York
on February 14, 1891, aged seventy-one years. He was buried,
as he wished, in St. Louis, by the side of his wife and his little
son, who had died nearly thirty years before. Inconspicuous
among the many generals who went to New York to do honor
to the dead leader was a quiet old gentleman in civilian dress-
Sherman's ablest antagonist in war, Joseph K. Johnston, and
by the side of the grave at St. Louis was one of his old Louisi
ana colleagues, proud of his unique experience, " a professor
under Sherman and a soldier under ' Stonewall ' Jackson."

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IV

JACKSON

THOMAS J. JACKSON IN THE FORTIES

A PORTRAIT TAKEN DURING THE MEXICAN WAR,

WHERE JACKSON SERVED AS A SECOND

LIEUTENANT, THE YEAR AFTER HIS

GRADUATION FROM WEST POINT

STONEWALL JACKSON— A MEMORY

BY ALLEN C. REDWOOD

Fifty -fifth Virginia Regiment, Confederate States Army

WHEN the early details of the first important collision
between the contending forces in Virginia, in 1861, be
gan to come in, some prominence was given to the item relating
how a certain brigade of Virginia troops, recruited mostly from
the Shenandoah valley and the region adjacent to the Blue
Ridge, had contributed, largely by their steadiness under fire,
almost for the first time, to the sustaining of the hard-pressed
and wavering Confederate left flank, and the subsequent con
version of what had threatened to be a disastrous defeat to the
Southern arms into a disorderly and utter rout of the opposing
army.

War was a very new experience to most of that genera
tion, and the capacity for absorbing sensational bulletins was
commensurate with the popular expectation, if it did not ex
ceed it. Those of us who were as yet doing the commonplace
duty of detached garrisons, were consumed with envy of our
more fortunate comrades who had taken part in what then
seemed the great battle of the war and which our inexperience
even conjectured might determine the pending issues. A man
who had " been at Manassas " might quite safely draw upon
his imagination to almost any extent in relating its happen
ings, with no fear that the drafts would not be duly honored by
our credulity. As to the civilian element, its appetite was
bounded only by the supply ; like poor little Oliver Twist, it con
tinually presented its porringer, eagerly demanding " more! "

Of this mass of fiction — of unthreshed grain— there re
mains yet one kernel of veracious history, and the incident was
predestined to exercise significant and far-reaching influence

[98]

THOMAS JONATHAN JACKSON

AS FIRST LIEUTENANT, U. S. A.

Jackson's very soul impressed itself on the glass of this early negative through his striking features — more
clearly read than later, when a heavy beard had covered the resolute lips, and the habit of command had
veiled the deep-seeing, somber eyes. When the quiet Virginia boy with the strong religious bent graduated
eighteenth in his class of seventy from West Point in 1846, his comrades little thought that he was destined
to become the most suddenly famous of American generals. The year after his graduation he attracted
attention by his performances as lieutenant of artillery under General Scott in Mexico, and was brevetted
captain and major for bravery at Contreras, Churubusco, and Chapultepec. Fourteen years later he earned
his sobriquet of "Stonewall" in the first great battle of the Civil War. Within twro years more he had risen
to international fame — and received his mortal wound on the field of battle. He wras reserved, almost som
ber with his men, yet he earned the love and enthusiastic devotion of the soldiers who came to be known as
"Jackson's foot cavalry," so unparalleled were the marches they made under his leadership. They came to
trust his judgment as infallible, and in spite of overwhelming odds they followed no matter where he led.
[D-7]

upon the struggle, then in its very inception. In that fiery bap
tism, a man still unknown to fame was to receive, at the hands
of a gallant soldier about to surrender his soul to the Maker
who gave it, the name which, to the world, was to supplant that
conferred by his natural sponsors, and by which he will ever be
known as among the great captains of his race and of history.
The supreme effort of the Federal commander was directed
against the left of the army of Johnston and Beauregard and
upon the open plateau surrounding the Henry house. The
battle was raging furiously, and seemingly the Southern line
at that point was on the verge of utter disaster, when the Caro
linian, General Barnard E. Bee, rode from his shattered and
wavering brigade over to where Jackson still held fast with his
mountain men.

" General," he said in tones of anguish, " they are beating
us back."

"No, sir," was the grim reply; "we will give them the
bayonet." Bee rode back and spoke to his brigade: " Look at
Jackson there, standing like a stone wall. Rally behind the
Virginians! " and the front of battle was restored. The rest is
history.

Thus it came to pass that popular inquiry began as to who
this man Jackson might be, and what were his credentials and
antecedents. The young cadets from the Virginia Military
Institute, who promptly flocked to the colors of the State and
of the Confederacy, could give but little satisfactory informa
tion; to their boyish minds he was just " Old Jack," instructor
in natural philosophy and artillery tactics, something of a mar
tinet and stickler for observance of regulation, and, on the
whole, rather " queer " and not at all approachable. That he
should be in command of a brigade seemed to them due far
more to some peculiar fortune than to any inherent fitness re
siding in him. True, he was said to have graduated from the

[ioo]

JACKSON— HIS MOST REVEALING PHOTOGRAPH

A PICTURE SECURED ONLY BY THE URGING
OF GENERAL BRADLEY T. JOHNSON

Jackson, a modest hero, nearly always shrank from being photographed. At
the height of his fame he answered a publisher's letter with a refusal to write
the desired magazine article or to send any picture of himself, though the offer
was a very flattering one. The photograph above was made in Winchester,
in February, 1802, at the Rontzohn gallery, where Jackson had been persuaded
to spend a few minutes by the earnest entreaties of General Bradley T. John
son. Some five months later Jackson was to send Banks whirling down the
Shenandoah Valley, to the friendly shelter of the Potomac and Harper's
Ferry, keep three armies busy in pursuit of him, and finally turn upon them
and defeat two of them. This, with the profile portrait taken near Fred-
ericksburg, shown on page 115 of Volume II, represents the only two sittings
of Jackson during the war. Captain Frank P. Clark, who served three
years in close association with the general, considered this the best likeness.

United States Military Academy, and was known to have been
a some-time officer of the army, serving in Magruder's battery
in Mexico during the campaign of Scott from Vera Cruz to
the capital city.

It was even intimated that he had won certain brevets
there for service at Vera Cruz, Contreras, and Chapultepec,
rising from the grade of second lieutenant to that of major
within a period of eighteen months, but to the youthful sense
all that was very ancient history, of a piece with the Pelopon-
nesian War, for instance, and the mists of antiquity hung about
the record and made its outlines very vague. To the young,
ten years seems a great while, and during that period their
reticent, rigid instructor had been quite out of touch with any
thing military other than their cadet battalion or the gun de
tails of the institute battery of 6-pounders, with human teams,
which it was his duty to put through their evolutions on the
drill-ground.

The human side of this man has almost no record during
these years, apart from what comes to us through the letters to
his wife ; he was not a man who wore his heart on his sleeve, and
life seems to have always been to him as a trust, for which he
held himself strictly accountable, and which was not to be
squandered in trivialities of any sort. As we know now, he
had much to do, and the time for it wras to be all top brief for
its full accomplishment; yet he seems to have been not quite
devoid of some sense of humor, in spite of his habitual reserve
and aloofness.

It is related that upon one occasion, at this stage of his
career, he propounded to his class this question, " Young gen
tlemen, can any of you explain to me the reason why it has
never been possible to send a telegraphic despatch from Lex
ington to Staunton? " Several theories were advanced, such as
that the presence of iron ore in the surrounding mountains
might have had the effect of deflecting the electric current.
At last, one boy — the dullard of the class, usually — suggested,

102]

"STONEWALL" AND THE MEN WHO BORE HIS ORDERS

Their honors came not easily to Jackson's staff officers. Tire' ess himself, regardless of all personal comforts, he seemed to consider
others endowed with like qualities. After a day of inarching and righting it was no unusual thing for him to send a staff member on a
thirty or forty mile ride. He was on terms of easy friendship and confidence with his aides off duty, but his orders were explicit and
irrevocable. He had no confidants as to his military designs — quite the opposite: Before starting on his march to Harper's Ferry he
called for a map of tin; Pennsylvania frontier, and made many inquiries as to roads and localities to the north of Frederick, whereas his
route lay in the opposite direction. His staff, like his soldiers, first feared his apparent rashness, and then adored him for his success.

§>tmtnuall Jarksnn

diffidently, that it might he owing to the fact that there was no
telegraph line then existing between the two points. ' Yes,
sir," replied Major Jackson; " that is the reason."

But, in the main, he was eminently practical and almost
totally lacking in the minor graces and frivolities which render
men socially possible, and, had not the great occasion arisen
which was to afford scope for his ability, it seems as if he must
have entirely escaped notice for the rest of his life. We are
prone to look at things in that light, ignoring the fact that it is
the man who has kept up his training who is ready and fit to
seize opportunity when it shall present itself. Jackson had
been " in training " all the while, even though no one — not even
himself— may have suspected to what purpose.

This is the man who, more than any other, saved the da\
for the Confederacy at Manassas (First Bull Run), in 18(>1.
Then he disappeared from view — a way he had, as his antag
onists were to learn later — for a while, and at one time it seemed
as if the theater of active operations was to know his presence
no more, when, in response to an order from the War Depart
ment in Richmond, along writh his acquiescence, he tendered his
resignation from the command he then held.

Fortunately, this document wrent through the headquar
ters of his superior, General Joseph E. Johnston, who before
forwarding it wrote to Jackson asking reconsideration, and so
the services of the latter were retained to the Confederacy, and
we were to hear much of his doings from that time until his
untimely and tragic death. But in the months immediately
succeeding Bull Run, he wras almost lost sight of, and it was
only at the opening of the campaign of 1862 that he began to
loom again upon the military horizon.

The fortunes of the young Confederacy seemed then at
a low ebb; from all the western portion came bulletins of dis
aster. In Virginia, a vast. Federal host had been marshaled
and was about to begin closing in upon the capital, and

[104]

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John Echols, Colonel of a " Stonewall" Regiment at Bull
Run; Later Led a Brigade in Lee's Army.

J. D. Imboden, at Bull Run and always with Jackson;
Later Commanded a Cavalry Brigade.

W. B. Taliaferro, with Jackson

throughout 1862; Last, at

Fredericksburg.

CONFEDERATE

GENERALS
WITH JACKSON

Arnold Elzey, a Brigade and

Division Commander under

Jackson and later.

AT THE DAWN

OF HIS
BRILLIANT CAREER

Isaac R. Trimble. Where "Stonewall" was,
There was Trimble also.

all the outlying posts of the Confederate line were being
severally driven in. Johnston had retired from Manassas to
the line of the Rappahannock, presently to proceed to York-
town, and eventually to retire thence to the Chickahominy. It
was while lying there, awaiting McClellan's attack, that we
began to get news of very active proceedings in the Valley
region, which came to have important bearing upon our for
tunes, and in the final issue to determine the contest we were
expecting and awaiting in our immediate front.

To those sultry, squalid camps, reeking with malaria and
swarming with flies, came from beyond the far-away Blue
Ridge stirring and encouraging tidings of rapid march and
sudden swoop ; of telling blows where least expected ; of skilful
maneuvering of a small force, resulting in the frustrating of all
combinations of one numerically its superior, and paralyzing
for the time being all the plans of the Federal War Depart
ment and the grand strategy of the " young Napoleon " at the
head of its armies in the field.

It seemed as if the sobriquet conferred upon Manassas field
had become the veriest of misnomers; the "Stonewall" had
acquired a marvelous mobility since that July day not yet a
year old and had become a catapult instead. And what, per
haps, appealed to our personal interest more forcibly was the
story of the capture of the rich spoil of war, the supplies, of
which we W7ere already beginning to feel the need. Our daily
diet of unrelieved bread and bacon grewr fairly nauseating at
the thought of the bounty so generously provided by " Commis-
saiy-General " Banks, and of the extra dainties inviting pillage
in the tents of Israel — but we were to get our share, with ac
crued interest, later on.

We had not yet ceased to marvel over these exploits when
Jackson executed one of his mysterious disappearances, puz
zling alike to friend and foe, and he next announced himself by
the salvo of his guns, driving in McClellan's exposed right.

[106]

CONFEDERATE
GENERALS

Edward Johnson Led an Inde
pendent Command under
Jackson in 18C2.

George H. Steuart, Later

a Brigade Commander

in Lee's Armv.

WITH JACKSON

IN 1862

James A. Walker Led a
Brigade under Jack
son at Antietam.

E. M. Law, Conspicuous at South Mountain
and Maryland Heights.

diaries W. Field, Later in Command of
one of Longstreet's Divisions.

§>t0tmuall Jarksmt * •*• &

This exposed condition was due to his own activity in the Val
ley, which had held McDowell inert upon the Rappahannock
with thirty-five thousand muskets which should have been with
the force north of the Chickahominy, inviting attack. Jackson
rarely declined such invitations; he could scent an exposed flank
with the nose of a hound and was " fast dog " following the
trail when struck. Besides his habitual celerity of movement,
was his promptness in delivering attack, which was an element
of liis success.

" The first musket upon the ground was fired," says a dis
tinguished English authority, " without giving the opposing
force time to realize that the fight was on and to make its dis
positions to meet the attack or even to ascertain in what force
it was being made." The quiet, retiring pedagogue of the " V.
M. I." had not been wasting those ten years in which most of
his leisure had been devoted to the study of the campaigns of
the great strategists of history, from Cassar to Napoleon, and
his discipline in Mexico had given him some useful suggestions
for their application to modern conditions. Also it had af
forded the opportunity for giving that invaluable asset, the
ability to gage the caliber of the men cooperating with him or
opposed to him, with most of whom he had come in contact per
sonally — a peculiarity of our Civil War, and one of important
bearing upon all the operations conducted by officers of the
regular establishment who, almost without exception, held high
command in both armies.

But as yet we had no personal knowledge of this man who
had been so rapidly coming to the fore. His wrork done, and
well done, amid the Chickahominy lowlands, he w^as soon to
heed the call coming to him from the hill country which gave
him birth, and where his most notable service had so far been
rendered. His old antagonists were reassembling there as a
formidable army and under a new leader, and the line of direct

[108]

A.R.LawtonLecl
Eweir.s Old Di
vision at the
Battle of
Antie-
tam.

Roswell S.Ripley,

Wounded at

Antietam in

Defense of

Lee's Left

Flank.

R. E. (Colston Commanded Trimble's
Division at Chancellorsville.

CONFEDERATE
GENERALS

WITH
JACKSON

Henry Heth Commanded the Light
Division at Chancellorsville.

AT ANTIETAM

AND

CHANCELLORS
VILLE

Jas. T. Archer Commanded a Brigade
at Chancellorsville.

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approach to the Confederate capital was to be attempted from
that direction. Already he had proceeded thither with his two
divisions which had made the Valley campaign — his own and
Ewell's — when ours, commanded by A. P. Hill, received orders
to join them, and all three were thenceforth incorporated in the
Second Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia, as long as
he commanded it.

We had fought the sharp engagement of Cedar Mountain
on the 9th of August, 1862, and checked Pope's advance to
the Rapidan. Then, after some days of rest, we again took the
initiative and, crossing the little river, went after him. But
the general who had heretofore " seen only the backs of his
enemies " did not see fit to await our coming, but made so
prompt and rapid a retrograde movement that- even our ex
peditious " foot cavalry " could not come up M'ith him before
he passed the Rappahannock. It was on this hurried pursuit,
passing through Brandy Station, that a figure came riding
along the toiling foot column toward the front. He was in no
wise remarkable in appearance, and it was with surprise that
the writer heard that he was no other than our commander,
General " Stonewall " Jackson.

He wore a rather faded gray coat and cap to match — the
latter of the " cadet " pattern then in vogue and tilted so far
over his eyes that they were not visible, and his mount and gen
eral appearance were not distinctive of high rank. In fact, he
seemed some courier carrying a message to some general officer
on ahead. Despite his West Point training, he was never a
showy horseman — in which respect he had a precedent in the
great Napoleon. When we took Harper's Ferry, in September
of that same year, one of the surrendered garrison remarked,
when Jackson was pointed out to him, " Well, he's not much
to look at, but if we'd only had him, we'd never have been in
this fix."

But within the interval we were to see much of him, and
our appreciation speedily penetrated below the surface indica-

[110]

B. D. Fry, Colonel of the 13th Ala
bama ; Later led a Brigade
in Pickett's Charge.

F. T. Nichols, Wounded in the Flank

Attack on Howard's Corps,

May 2, 1863.

Harry T. Hays, Later Charged the
Batteries at Gettj'sburg.

Robert F. Hoke, Later Defender of Peters
burg, Richmond and Wilmington.

William Smith, Colonel of the 49th
Virginia; Later at Gettysburg

CONFEDERATE

GENERALS

WITH
JACKSON

AT THE

LAST-

CHANCEL-

LORSVILLE

J. R. Jones Commanded a Brigade

of Virginians in Trimble's

Division.

F. L. Thomas Commanded a

Brigade in A. P. Hill's

Division.

tions as we came to know and trust the man who conducted us
to unfailing victory. Soldiers always forgive the means so that
the end may be assured, and no man ever worked his troops
harder than did Jackson, or ever awakened in them more in
tense enthusiasm and devotion. His appearance never failed
to call forth that tumultuous cheer which was part of the battle
onset. This was mostly, it must be admitted, in a spirit of mis
chief and for the sake of " making ' old Jack ' run," for he
never liked an ovation and always spurred out of the demon
stration at top speed. Rigid disciplinarian that he was in all
essentials, there was not the suspicion of concern with pomp
and circumstance in all his make-up. War was to him much
too serious an affair to be complicated by anything of the sort,
nor was he at all tolerant of excuses when there was work in
hand — results alone counted.

At Chantilly, our division commander sent word to him
that he was not sure that he could hold his position as his am
munition was wet. " My compliments to General Hill and say
that the enemy's ammunition is as wet as his, and to hold his
ground," was Jackson's reply. Yet, unsparing as he was of
his men when the urgency of the occasion demanded it, he was
equally unsparing of himself, and, moreover, was always con
cerned for their well-being once the emergency was past, realiz
ing that all warlike preparation is to the end of lavish expendi
ture at the supreme moment. In camp he was always solicitous
that the troops should be well cared for, but when it came to
take the field,

" What matter if our shoes are worn,
What matter if our feet are torn,
Quick step — we're with him ere the dawn."

That was " Stonewall Jackson's Way." A purposeful
man, obstacles were to him but things to be overcome or ig
nored if they stood in the way of his plans. When one of his

[112]

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A. II. Colquitt, Later Conspicu
ous in the Defense of Petersburg.

CONFEDERATE
GENERALS

WITH
JACKSON

R. L. Walker, Commander of
a Light Artillery Brigade.

IN HIS
MASTERLY

1863
CAMPAIGN

S. McGowan, Later Com
manded the South Caro
lina Brigade which
Immortalized
His Name.

Alfred Iverson, Later at Gettysburg
and with Hood at Atlanta.

E. A. O'Neal Charged with His Bri
gade in Rodes' First Line
at Chancellorsville.

subordinates, after the three days' hard righting of the Second
Manassas, preceded by a march of almost a hundred miles
within a little more than a like period of time, objected that his
men could not march further until they should have received
rations, he was promptly put under arrest by Jackson, bent as
he was upon following up his advantage and overwhelming
Pope's defeated army before it could reach the protection of
its entrenched lines at Alexandria, some thirty miles distant.

A master of men, Jackson infused those of his command
with much of his own indomitable spirit, as expressed in the
lines quoted from the old song of the corps, until they came
to take pride in their hardships and privations and to profess
a Spartan-like contempt for the sybaritic softness, as they con
sidered it, of the other corps of the army. As to their confi
dence in his ability to meet and to dominate any situation, it
simply had no bounds. In the movement on Manassas and
during the engagement, with hostile forces coming from almost
every direction, and while as yet we had no tidings of Long-
street, we were remote from our base and the foe was in su
perior force between; we were footsore and fagged nearly to
the limit of human endurance, but there was no faltering in
the belief that Jackson saw his way out of the toils which seemed
to compass him about, as he had aforetime in the Valley cam
paign. Those thin lines never held their ground more tena
ciously nor charged with more elan than during those eventful
August days.

The last time my eyes were to behold him — how well it
comes to mind! — was upon the morning of the fateful May 2,
186.3, before the close of which day was to be ended his career
as a soldier. We were moving out by the flank on a little wood
land road, where we had been in bivouac the night before; it
was a gloomy, overcast morning, as if giving premonition of
the calamity to come to us before the next rising of the sun.
Before we reached the plank road, in a small opening among

114]

CONFEDERATE

GENERALS OF
LOXGSTREET'S
CORPS

WHO COOPERAT
ED WITH JACK
SON IN
'62 AND T.3

Lafayette McLaws With Hi? Division Supported Jackson's

Attacks at Harper's Ferry and Chancellorsville :

Later Conspicuous at Gettysburg and

Chickamauga.

Joseph Brevard Kershaw Captured Mary- James L. Kemper Commanded a Brigade Ambrose R. \\right \\ ith His Bngaoe
land Heights, Opposite Jackson's Posi- on Jackson's Right at the Second Closed the Pas,* Along the Canal

tion at Harper's Ferry. Battle of Manassas, at Harper's Ferry.

[D-8]

?mm^

Jarbamt •$• * *

the pines were two mounted figures whom we recognized as
Lee and Jackson. The former was seemingly giving some final
instructions, emphasizing with the forefinger of his gantleted
right hand in the palm of the left what he was saying — in
audible to us. The other, wearing a long rubber coat over his
uniform (it had been raining a little, late in the night), was
nodding vivaciously all the while.

After the Confederate success at Chancellorsville came
Gettysburg. The question is often asked what would have hap
pened had Jackson been present on that memorable field-
Jackson, the man who was always up to time, if he brought but
a fragment of his force with him, and whose " first musket on
the ground was fired." As General Fitz Lee significantly
related the case, " Suppose Jackson to have been four miles
off the field at midnight of July 1st and been advised that
General Lee wished the key-point of the enemy's position at
tacked next day; would the time of that attack have approxi
mated more nearly to 4 A.M. or 4 P.M.? " —for answer, see the
verse already quoted. For if the other corps commanders did
not " like to go into battle with one boot off," ours would, at a
pinch, go in barefoot — but he got there!

In the numerous discussions of the Gettysburg campaign
which have come into notice since the event, much space has
been given to the comparison of the relative forces of the two
armies contending on that field. The disparity under the most
liberal estimates inclines always in favor of the Federals, yet it
seems to the writer that not enough account has been taken of
the most significant shortage on the Confederate side of the
balance. Successful battles had been waged and won more
than once against greater odds, in point of mere numbers — as
at Sharpsburg (Antietam) and Chancellorsville, for instance.
But at Gettysburg, we were short just one man — who had been
dead just two months — and his name was " Stonewall" Jackson.

V

THE MEANING OF

LOSSES
IN WARFARE

MEN OF THE FAMOUS VERMONT BRIGADE, ALL FROM THE ONE
STATE, WHICH SUFFERED MORE HEAVILY THAN ANY OTHER FEDERAL

BRIGADE DURING THE WAR WITHIN A WEEK AT THE WILDERNESS

AND SPOTS YLVANIA, IT LOST 1,645 OUT OF 2,100 EFFECTIVE MEN

THE REGIMENT THAT SUSTAINED THE GREATEST LOSS OF ANY IX THE

UNION ARMY

In the assault on Petersburg, June 18, 1864, these boys from Maine, serving as infantry, sustained the greatest
loss of any one regiment in any one action of the war. Before the site where Fort Stedman was subse
quently built 035 men were killed and wounded out of nine hundred engaged, a loss of over seventy per cent.
m seven minutes. Such slaughter has never been paralleled in any warfare, ancient or modern. Of all the
regiments in the Union armies this regiment lost most during the four years. Twenty-three officers and
400 enlisted men were killed and mortally wounded, and two hundred and sixty died of disease. The First
Maine Heavy Artillery was organized at Bangor, and mustered in August 21, 18<r2. It left the State for
Washington on August 24th. This section of the tremendous regimental quota — eighteen hundred men — is
drilling at Fort Simmer in the winter of 1803. The men little imagine, as they go skilfully through their evo-

[118]

COPYRIGHT, 1911, REVIEW OF REVIEWS CO.

THE FIRST MAINE HEAVY ARTILLERY DRILLING IN FORT SUMNER,

ON A WINTER'S DAY OF '63

itions in the snow, that the hand of death is to fall so ruthlessly on their ranks. From the defenses of Wash-
igton they went to Belle Plain, Virginia, on May 15, 1864, as a part of Tyler's Heavy Artillery Division,
'our days later, at Harris's Farm on the Fredericksbnrg Road, the first of their great disasters fell upon them,
i this engagement their killed numbered eighty-two, their wounded 394, and their missing five. Less than
month later came the awful slaughter at Petersburg. The remnant of the regiment served until its fall,
.pril 2, 1865. After taking part in the Grand Review at Washington and remaining in its defenses till Sep-
imber llth, the organization was mustered out, and ordered to Bangor, Maine. On September 20, 1865,
le survivors of this "fighting regiment" were mustered out. The Second Wisconsin Infantry lost a greater
ercentage in killed during its whole term — 19.7 per cent, as against 19.2 per cent, in the First Maine.

LOSSES IN THE BATTLES OF THE CIVIL
WAR, AND WHAT THEY MEAN

BY HILARY A. HERBERT

Late Colonel, Eighth Alabama Infantry, Confederate States Army,
and late Secretary of the Navy of the United States

STATISTICS of losses in battles do not furnish an unfail
ing test of courage. Mistakes of officers, unavoidable sur
prises — these, now and then, occasion losses that soldiers did not
knowingly face, and there are sometimes other reasons why
the carnage in a particular command in this battle or that does
not with accuracy indicate steadfast bravery. Such statistics,
however, as all military experts agree, do tell a graphic story,
when exceptional instances are not selected.

Colonel Dodge, in his " Bird's-Eye View of Our Civil
War," exhibits statistics showing the percentage of losses in
the most notable battles fought since 1745, and from them de
duces this conclusion, " It thus appears that in ability to stand
heavy pounding, since Napoleon's Waterloo campaign, the
American has shown himself preeminent."

Colonel Dodge would have been justified in going much
further. Waterloo itself, the most famous of the world's bat
tles, does not show such fighting as Americans did at Sharps-
burg (Antietam), Gettysburg, or Chickamauga.

In " Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War," by
Lieutenant-Colonel G. F. R. Henderson, a British military
expert, is a complete list of killed and wounded in great battles
from 1704 to 1882, inclusive. Since Eylau, 1807, there has
been no great battle in which the losses of the victor — the pun
ishment he withstood to gain his victory — equal the twenty-
seven per cent, of the Confederates in their victory at Chicka
mauga.

The Henderson tables give the losses of both sides in each

^ [120]

MEN OF THE FIFTH GEORGIA

MORE THAN HALF THIS REGIMENT WAS KILLED AN'D WOUNDED AT THE BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA

Lounging beneath the Stars and Bars are eight members of an Augusta, Georgia, company — The " Clinch Rifles.' ' Their new parapher
nalia is beautifully marked "('. R." They have a negro servant. In a word, they are inexperienced Confederate volunteers of May,
lS(il, on the day before their company became a part of the Fifth Georgia Regiment. Pass to November, 1803; imagine six of the sol
diers in the group lying dead or groaning with wounds, and but three unhurt, — and you have figured the state of the regiment after it
was torn to shreds at the battle of Chickamauga. It was mustered in for twelve months at Macon, Georgia, May 11, 1801, being the last
regiment taken for this short term. The Sixth Georgia and those following were mustered in for three years or the war. The Clinch
Rifles were sent to garrison Pensacola, Florida, where General Braxton Bragg would occasionally come from his headquarters, eight miles
away, to drill them. The ten companies were all from towns, or cities, and nicely uniformed, though each in a different style. This
led Bragg to name them his "Pound Cake Regiment." In July and August, 1802, the Fifth marched from Chattanooga, Tennessee, to
Bardstown, Kentucky, thence to the eastern part of the State, and down through Cumberland Gap to Knoxville, 800 miles in all. It
lost heavily in the battle of Murf reesboro. At bloody Chickamauga, September 19 and 20, 1803, its killed and wounded were more than
54 per cent, of the regiment — surpassed by few organizations in history. It suffered again at Missionary Ridge, and in the spring of
1804, when it stood against Sherman through the Atlanta campaign. The regiment fought on through the campaigns from Savannah,
Georgia, up to North Carolina, and in the last combat at Bentonville, North Carolina. It surrendered at Greensboro, April, 20, 180,5.

battle, but indicate the percentage of those suffered by the vic
tors only. These show fighting losses. In losses by a defeated
army, those received in retreating cannot be separated from
those received in righting. If, however, a defeated army is
not routed, but retires, still in fighting condition, and the foe
is so crippled that he cannot make effective pursuit, as was the
case at Chickamauga, or if the defeated army does not leave
the field at all, until, say, twenty-four hours after the battle, as
was the case with the Confederates at Sharpsburg and Gettys
burg, the losses on both sides are to be counted as fighting
losses, and their percentage is a fair measure of " capacity to
stand pounding,"

Gaged, then, by this standard, which for large armies in
a great battle is absolutely fair, Waterloo is eclipsed by Get
tysburg; Gettysburg is eclipsed by Sharpsburg, and Sharps-
burg eclipsed by Chickamauga.

Here are some of Colonel Henderson's percentages, which
tell the story, the percentage of the Federal losses at Chicka
mauga being calculated from Henderson's figures. At Water
loo, the victors' loss was twenty per cent. At Gettysburg, the
victors lost also twenty per cent. But, at Waterloo, the French
army dissolved; at Gettysburg, the Confederates held to their
position nearly all the following day, and the majority of the
Confederates did not know they had been defeated there until
after the war.

At Sharpsburg, their victory cost the Federals not twenty,
but twenty-three per cent., and the Confederates held fast to
their position all the next day.

At Chickamauga, their victory cost the Confederates
twenty-seven per cent., and the Federals, inflicting this loss,
retreated; but General Thomas, the " Rock of Chickamauga,"
still held fast to prevent pursuit, and Rosecrans' army was
ready to fight the next day. At Waterloo, the entire loss in
killed and wounded, of the French, was thirty-one per cent.

[122]

1, REVIEW OF REVIEWS CO.

OFFICERS OF A WESTERN FIGHTING REGIMENT— THE 36TH ILLINOIS

Of the Illinois regiments the Thirty-sixth fought in every important battle of the entire war in Western ter
ritory, and suffered in killed alone a loss of no less than 14.8 per cent., a figure exceeded among Illinois organ
izations only by the 14.9 per cent, of the Ninety-third. No Federal regiment lost as much as 20 per cent,
killed and only 200 out of the 3,559 organizations as much as ten per cent. The Thirty-sixth Illinois lost 204
men out of a total enrollment of 1,376. These figures refer to deaths alone, excluding wounded and missing.
At the battle of Stone's River, Tennessee, the regiment lost forty-six killed, 151 wounded, and fifteen missing,
a total of 212. This was its heaviest blow in any one battle. It fought at Pea Ridge, an early engagement in
the West, at Chaplin Hills, at the bloody battle of Chickamauga, and on the corpse-strewn slopes of Mission
ary Ridge. It fought under Sherman from Resaca to Atlanta, and when that general marched away on his
expedition to the coast, the Thirty-sixth turned back to suffer its fourth largest loss in killed at the battle of
Franklin, and to help Thomas crush Hood at the battle of Nashville. Such were the Western fighting regiments.

A REGIMENT
THAT LOST

14.8% IN
KILLED ALONE

ILLINOIS

INFANTRY
IN THE

WEST

OFFICERS OF THE 36TH ILLINOIS

This loss utterly destroyed the army. The Federals at Chicka-
mauga withstood a loss practically the same — thirty per cent.
—and still successfully defied the Confederates to attack them
in Chattanooga.

The percentage of loss in battle by an entire army is, of
course, obtained by including all present — those participating
slightly, or even not at all, as well as those who bore the brunt
of the fight.

Bearing this in mind, the reader will note to the credit of
these troops that the dreadful losses sustained at Sharpsburg
by the Fifteenth Massachusetts, Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania,
Ninth New York, Twelfth Massachusetts, First Delaware,
and other regiments; at Stone's River, December ,31, 1802,
by the Eighteenth United States Infantry, Twenty-second
Illinois, and other regiments; at Gettysburg, by the Twenty-
fourth Michigan, One hundred and eleventh New York, First
Minnesota, One hundred and twenty-sixth New York, and One
hundred and fifty-first Pennsylvania, were all suffered while
the Federals were winning victories — suffered fighting, not in
retreating.

So, also, the losses at the Wilderness of the Second Ver
mont, Fourth Vermont, and Ninety-third New York, oc
curred when the Federals, for the most part, held their ground.
And nearly all the astonishing losses of the Confederate regi
ments were suffered when they were either winning victories
or stubbornly holding on to the field of battle.

Altogether, the casualties in the greatest of the battles
of the Civil War, whether considered in the aggregate or in
the tragic light of regimental losses, make up a \vonderful
record.

In " Etude sur les caracteres generalize de la guerre d'Ex-
treme Orient" par Le Capitaine Brevete F. Cullmann. Paris,
1909, the percentage of Federal losses at Gettysburg is given

[124]

COMMANDERS OF UNION BRIGADES CONSPICUOUS FOR LOSSES

These brigades from the Armies of the Potomac, the Cumberland, and the Tennessee, are
mentioned specifically by Colonel William F. Fox, on account of their notable losses in action.

Iron Brigade

SOLOMOX MEREDITH

Originally Colonel of the 19th

Indiana.

Michigan Cavalry Brigade

PETER STAGG
Originally Colonel of the 1st

Michigan Cavalry.

Barker's Brigade

LUTHER P. BRADLEY

Originally Colonel of the

51st Illinois.

Vermont Brigade

LEWIS A. GRANT

Originally Colonel of the 5th

Vermont.

First Nov. Jersey Brigade

WILLIAM H. PENROSE

Originally Colonel of the

15th New Jer«ev.

Iowa Brigade

WILLIAM W. BELKNAP

Originally Colonel of the

loth Iowa.

Willich's Brigade

AUGUST WILLICH

Originally Colonel of the 32d

Indiana.

Opdycke's Brigade

EMERSON OPDYCKE

Originally Colonel of the

125th Ohio.

Excelsior Brigade

JOSEPH B. CARR

Originally Colonel of the 2d

New York.

Philadelphia Brigade

DE WITT CLINTON BAXTER

Originally Colonel of the 72d

Pennsylvania.

Irish Brigade

THOMAS FRANCIS MEAOHER

Commanded the Brigade

in 1802.

Steedman's Brigade

JAMES B. STEEDMAN

Originally Colonel of the

14th Ohio.

Waning nf lattle I0000r0

as twenty-three, the Confederate loss as thirty-two ; the Japa
nese loss at Mukden as 14.1 and at Lio-Yang as 18.5. These
were the bloodiest of the much lauded Japanese victories. This
fighting does not compare with that in the American Civil War.

In the great Franco-Prussian war there is but one battle
in which the percentage of the victor's loss is at all in the same
class in the American Civil War, and that is Vionville, 1870,
where the victor's loss was twenty-two, as compared with
twenty-seven at Chickamauga. So it may be said fairly that,
for a century, the world has seen no such stubborn fighter as
the American soldier.

In studying the statistics of the various regiments whose
losses are tabulated in this volume, the reader will discover
that very many of these were suffered in great battles, the na
ture of which has been told briefly ; and he must remember that
neither of the armies suffered at any time any such signal
defeat as would account for very heavy losses. The First
Manassas (Bull Run) is no exception to this. The Confed
erates did not follow, and their losses in killed and wounded
were heavier than those of the Federals.

What some of the foreign military experts think of us as
fighters we may learn by extracts taken from their writings,
italicizing at will. The late Lieutenant-Colonel Henderson was
professor of military art and history at the Staff College of
Great Britain. He says, in his " The Science of War " :

The War of Secession was waged on so vast a scale, employed so
large a part of the manhood of both North and South America, aroused
to such a degree the sympathies of the entire nation, and, in its brilliant
achievements, both by land and sea, bears such splendid testimony to
the energy and fortitude of their race, that in the minds of the American
people it has roused an interest which shows no sign of abating.

Further on in the same essay he states :

Now, if there is one thing more than another apparent to the stu
dent of the Civil War, it is that the soldiers on both sides were exceed
ingly well matched in courage and endurance.

[126]

WILLIAM T. WOFFORD

Led his Brigade in the Maryland, Gettysburg,
Wilderness and Shenandoah Campaigns.

DANIEL S. DONELSON

Led his Brigade in the Tennessee Campaign,
notablv at Murfreesboro.

ROBERT H. ANDERSON
Colonel of the 5th Georgia Cavalry; Pro
moted Brigadier-General July 26, 1864.

. t

JAMES H. LANE

Led his Brigade at Frederioks-

burg, Gettysburg and in the

Wilderness Campaign.

WILLIAM B. BATE
Led his Brigade in Bragg's Ten
nessee Campaigns, notably
at Chickamauga.

ROGER ATKINSON PRYOR
Fought his Brigade on the Pen
insula, where it bore a con
spicuous part at Seven Pines.

CADMUS M. WILCOX

Led his Brigade at Manassa?

Fredericksburg, Chancellors-

ville and Gettysburg.

'•>

<

WINFIELD SCOTT FEATHERSON

Originally Colonel of the 17th Mississippi;

Promoted for Gallantry at Ball's Bluff;

Led his Brigade on the Peninsula.

HENRY L. BENNING

Led his Brigade in the Principal Battles of

Longstreet'3 Corps, including Gettysburg,

Chickamauga and the Wilderness.

EDWARD AYLESWORTH PERRY

Commanded a Regiment on the Peninsula;

was wounded at Frayser's Farm: Led his

Brigade atGettysburg and theWilderuess.

COMMANDERS OF
CONFEDERATE BRIGADES WHICH SUFFERED HEAVILY IN BATTLE

The forces here credited with these " brilliant achieve
ments " in 1861-65 are now thoroughly united, and would
stand shoulder to shoulder against a foreign foe. Our popula
tion has increased threefold, while our military resources, our
capacity to equip and to convey food to armies, to manufac
ture arms, and to build ships, even in the interior if need be, has
increased tenfold. Our rivers still traverse the land, but the
art of mining waters, practised with some success by the Con
federates, has developed until no foe would think of exploit
ing these rivers with vessels in advance of troops.

Aye, but the spirit of our people, say the alarmists—
we have lost patriotism, become commercialized, money-mad,
and have now no militant instinct. To an old Confederate
this prattle about our people being " commercialized " is es
pecially amusing. It carries him back to 1860-61. In the
hot sectional animosities that brought on the war he had im
bibed that same idea about the North — the " Yankee " now
worshiped " the Almighty Dollar," and in his all-absorbing
struggle for it had lost the spirit that animated his forefathers
at Lexington, Bunker Hill, and Saratoga. When the news
of Manassas came, many an ambitious Confederate who was
so unfortunate as not to have been there, felt like going into
mourning. He was never to have a chance to " flesh his
maiden sword." But the young Confederate was miscalcula
ting. The exasperated North roused itself, after Manassas,
like an angry lion pricked by the spear of the hunter, and
soon we were to hear its roar.

In reference to inexperienced volunteers, it must be said,
as every veteran of the Civil War knows, that it was not always
the oldest regiments that were the bravest. In the gallant,
though finally unsuccessful, assault that was made by the Fed
erals at Salem Church, May 3, 1863, just where the Confed
erate line was broken for a time, the official reports show that
the One hundred and twenty-first New York was in the fore-

128]

MAJ.-GKN. JAMES B. McPHEnsox
Atlanta. July 22. 1864.

MA.I.-GEN. Jos. K. MANSFIELD
Antietam. Seotember IS, 1864.

Spotsylvauia, May 9, 1864.

MA.I.-GEN. JOHN F. REYNOLDS
Gettysburg, July 1, 1863.

FEDERAL GENERALS KILLED IN BATTLE— GROUP No. 1— ARMY AND

CORPS COMMANDERS

On this and the following six pages are portraits of the fifty-one Union generals killed in battle.
Beneath each portrait is the date and place of death, or mortal wounding. Since no such
pictorial necrology existed to aid the editors of this History, many questions arose1 — such as
the determination of the actual rank of an officer at a given date, or the precise circumstances
of death in certain instances. The list of Colonel W. F. Fox, presented in his work on "Regi
mental Losses in the Civil War," has been followed.

ffiraitmn nf SottLr llassrs

front, and its gallant Colonel Upton in his report says this
was the regiment's first battle. Its loss, as officially reported.
was two hundred and twenty-two killed and wounded.

At Fredericksburg. December 13. 18»>-2. Franklin with the
Federal left broke through Jackson's lines. The Confederates
restored their line after heavy losses, and in this counterstroke
2 Xorth Carolina regiment, fresh from home, drove headlong
through the Northern fines and was with difficulty recalled.
The apology of one of its privates, when it got back into line.
caused a laugh all through the army. * If we had a-knowed
how to fight Kke yon fellows, we could have done better ! "

B V: ": '.':_• : I:' \ " .1 . ' : ' "! [. 'I ". -

isckfm Stoat en. by Major Scheibert, of the German Engineer
.. 7 :.-.:. IT i M:

After tfc*r Eor>>p«r:.vn cAvaLrv Lad bten dL
1S54 in*! 18o9. the American mounted troo]

;" " . -

: - - _ For the 1

cavalry. We oxiti not Eelp -?-ympathizing with the ri^e of the true

• ' ~ • • . " many crailant

.

We could multiply indefinitely these extracts, but space
forbids. From the preface to the work of Cecil Battine. Cap
tain. Fifteenth. Tbe King's. Hussars, entitled: " The Crisis of
the Confederacy, and History of Gettysburg and the Wilder
ness," the following is taken :

The history of the American Civil War ••till remains the
- . - . . - - . . _ _ . . . . .

wa» waged between adreT^aries of the highest intelligence and courage.

. - : -

liteii in the Wctr? of
rought gtnuine JOT

' '• •-.--:• -"_•_•_

' - " - ' - " -' _

J 1

«. J

FEDERAL

<~;ENERAI> KILLED
IN BATTLE

MAJOR- GENERAL
COMMANDING

DIVISIONS
AND CORPS

of some of the Confederate generals, and, in some measure, jealousy at
the power of the United States have ranged the sympathies of the world
during the war and ever since to a large degree on the side of the van
quished. Justice has hardly been done to the armies which arose time
and again from sanguinary repulses, and from disasters more demoral
izing than any repulse in the field, because they were caused by political
and military incapacity in high places, to redeem which the soldiers
freely shed their blood, as it seemed, in vain. If the heroic endurance of
the Southern people and the fiery valor of the Southern armies thrill
us to-day with wonder and admiration, the stubborn tenacity and cour
age which succeeded in preserving intact the heritage of the American
nation, and which triumphed over foes so formidable, are not less worthy
of praise and imitation. The Americans still hold the world's record
for hard fighting.

This extract brings to mind that what impressed the Con
federate in Lee's army with most admiration for the Army
of the Potomac was, not its brave stand at Malvern Hill fol
lowing a series of disasters, not its dogged perseverance when
attacking an impregnable position at Marye's Heights, not
its indomitable spirit at the " bloody angle," Spotsylvania,
but the fact that no mistakes of its generals or of the author
ities at Washington ever caused it to lose heart. Always and
everywhere it fought bravely when given a chance. There
never was but one Bull Run. Three successive changes were
made in its commanders, from Yorktown to the Wilderness,
and yet that gallant army never lost faith in itself, as the
following incident illustrates. In the winter of 1863 64, the
writer, then an officer in Lee's army, met between the picket
lines near Orange Court House, Virginia, a lieutenant of a
New York regiment. During our conversation the lieutenant
said, " Well, we are on the road to Richmond again." ' Yes,"
was the reply; " but you will never get there." " Oh, yes, we
will after a while," said the lieutenant, " and if you will swap
generals with us, we'll be there in three weeks." Just before
we parted, the lieutenant proposed, "Here's my toast: May
the best man win! " and we drank it heartily.

[132]

BRIG.-GEN.

THOMAS WILLIAMS

Baton Rouge, August 5, 1S62.

BKIG.-GEN. ISAAC P. RODMAN
Antietam, September 30, 1862.

BRIG.-GEN.

WILLIAM H. L. WALLACE
Shiloh, April 10, 1862.

FEDERAL GENERALS KILLED IN BATTLE, GROUP No. 3

BRIG.-GEN.

JAMES E. JACKSON

Chaplin Hills, October 8, 1862.

BREVET MAJ.-GEN. JAMES S. WADSWORTH
Wilderness, May 8, 1864.

BREVET MAJ.-GEN.

DAVID A. RUSSELL

Opequon, September 19, 1864.

Major G. W. Redway, referring to the volunteers of the
Army of the Potomac, 1864, writes as follows:

The American volunteer who had survived such battles as Bull
Run, Shiloh, Antietam, and the Seven Days' fighting around Rich
mond, was probably such a soldier as the world had never seen before.
He needed no instruction as to his duty in the field, and, in fact, often
exercised the functions of instructor both to officers and men less ex
perienced than himself.

The impressions Federal and Confederate soldiers made
on foreign critics were not lost on themselves. They were
testing each other's courage, endurance, and patriotism, and
coming to understand the situation as well. Four-fifths of
the Confederates had never owned a slave. It was not slavery
—both armies were fighting for the preservation of the same
free institutions, for what each believed to be his Constitutional
rights.

The first step toward reunion was being taken when
picket shooting was stopped; and the armies of Northern Vir
ginia and of the Potomac went far beyond that, wrhen encamped
on opposite banks of the Rappahannock, near Fredericksburg,
during the winter and spring of 1862-63. They chatted,
traded tobacco for sugar and coffee, and frequently visited
each other across the narrow stream. A Confederate officer
riding along the bank visiting his outposts was often saluted
by a picket across the river, within easy gunshot. Similar
compliments passed between pickets in gray and officers in
blue. These soldiers were testifying their respect for each
other, with little idea, on the part of the Confederates, that they
would ever again be fellow countrymen.

Eventually both generals, Hooker and Lee, issued or
ders strictly forbidding all intercommunication. Just after
these orders, an incident occurred which the writer long ago
gave to the newspapers in the hope, which proved vain, that he
might hear from the Union soldier. A Confederate officer

[134]

¥

BREVET BRIG.-GEN.

JAMES A. MULLIGAN

Winchester, July 26, 1864.

BRIG.-GEN.

THOS. G. STEVENSON

Spotsylvania, May 10, 1864.

BREVET MAJ.-GEN.

THOMAS A. SMYTH

Farmville, April 9, 1865

BRIG.-GEN.

ROBT. L. McCooK

Decherd, Tenn., August 6, 1862.

FEDERAL

GENERALS

KILLED

IN BATTLE

GROUP No. 4

BRIG.-GEN.
NATHANIEL LYON
Wilson's Creek, August 10, 1861.

BRIG.-GEN.

HENRY BOHLEN

Freeman's Ford, August 22, 1865.

MAJ.-GEN.

GEO. C. STRONG

Fort Wagner, July 30, 1863.

BREVET MAJ.-GEN.

S. K. ZOOK
Gettysburg, July 3, 1863.

BREVET MAJ.-GEN.

FREDERICK WINTHROP

Five Forks, April 1, 1865.

BREVET MAJ.-GEN.

ALEXANDER HAYS

Wilderness, May 5, 1S64.

*§1M^

rode suddenly out of the woods on to his picket-post at Scott's
dam, just above Banks' Ford. A Federal soldier was nearing
the south bank of the river, newspaper in hand. The soldier
reluctantly came ashore, insisting that he should be allowed
to return; the Confederate pickets had promised it. 'Yes,"
was the reply, " but they violated orders, and you violated
orders on your side when you came over, and I happen to know
it. Orders must be obeyed. You are my prisoner." The sol
dier, who was a big, manly fellow, stood straight as an arrow,
looked the officer in the face, and with tears in his eyes, said:
" Colonel, shoot me, if you want to, but for God's sake don't
take me prisoner. I have been in the army only six weeks.
I have never been in battle, and if I am taken prisoner under
these circumstances, I will never get over it — it will always be
believed that I deserted."

The officer hesitated for a moment, and then said, " Give
me that paper and go, and tell your people you are the last
man that will ever come over here and get back." Such an
incident at the outset of the war would have been inconceivable.

It was in this spirit of kindly regard for each other that
the war between the two armies went on, from Fredericksburg
to Appomattox. It manifested itself with increasing tender
ness after every bloody battle. It inspired Grant when he said
to Lee, " Your men will need their horses to make a crop."
It animated Grant's soldiers when they gave no cheer at the
surrender, and when they divided their rations with the men
who, in tears, laid dowTi their arms. It did not die when the
Confederates accepted the results of the war.

Time has only hallowed the memory of the glorious man
hood displayed in those days by the men of both armies. The
soldiers, had their sentiments prevailed, would soon have bound
up the wounds of war, as they did those received in battle.
But politicians, for a time, interfered.

[ISO]

KI.ON ,1. FAHNSWORTH
Gettysburg

July 3, 1S03.

STEPHEN H. WEED
Gettysburg
July 2, 1803.

PLEAHANT A. HACKLEMAN

Corinth
October 3, 1802.

EDW. P. CHAPIN
Port Hudson
May 27, 1863.

FEDERAL

GENERALS

KILLED IN

BATTLE

GROUP No. 5
BRIGADIER-
GENERALS

VINCENT STRONG

Gettysburg

July 7, 1803.

CONHAD F. JACKSON

Fredericksburg
December 13, 1802.

JOSHUA W. SILL

Stone's River
December 31, 1802.

GEO. D. BAYARD

Fredericksburg
December 14, 1802.

WM. R. TERRILL

Perryville
October 8, 1862.

GEO. W. TAYLOR

Manassas (Second Bull Run)

August 31, 1862.

iJfoamug tff lattb

Of untold benefit have been the meeting of the Phila
delphia Brigade and Pickett's men at Gettysburg, the visits of
Massachusetts soldiers to Richmond, and of Virginia Con
federates to Boston, and many similar occasions. These,
coupled with the strewing of flowers, in 1867, by Southern
women at Columbus, Mississippi, on the graves of Union sol
diers, which brought from a Northern man that beautiful
poem, " The Blue and the Gray," and a thousand similar in
cidents, have resulted in those acts that passed in Congress by
unanimous votes, one providing for a Confederate section in
Arlington Cemetery, the other looking to the care of the Con
federate dead at Arlington and around the Federal prisons
in the North.

Presidents Cleveland, McKinley, Roosevelt, and Taft
have each and all, by deeds and words, had their full share in
the work of perfect reunion. And all over the land there are
monuments to the dead of the Civil War, bearing inscriptions
that will outlast the marble and bronze upon which they are
written. Such is the legend on the monument built by the
State of Pennsylvania to its dead at Vicksburg, " Here
brothers fought for their principles, here heroes died to save
their country, and a united people will forever cherish the
precious legacy of their noble manhood."

Another such is on a monument erected by the State of
New Jersey, and the survivors of the Twenty-third New Jer
sey Volunteers at Salem Church, Virginia. On one side is an
appropriate inscription to their own dead ; on the other, a bronze
tablet bearing this magnanimous tribute, " To the brave Ala
bama boys who were our opponents on this field and whose
memory we honor, this tablet is dedicated." That is a tribute,
not by a Government, but directly by the men who fought to
the men who fought them. It is truly noble.

WILLIAM P. SANDERS

Knoxville
November 19, IXO-'i.

WILLIAM H. LVTLE

Chickamauga
September 20, 1S63.

JAMES C. RICE

Spotsylvania

May 10, 1S64.

CHARI.KS G. HARKER

Kcnesaw Mountain

June 27, 1S04.

FEDERAL GENERALS
KILLED IX BATTLE

GROUP Xo. 6
BRIGADIER-GENERALS

HlHAM Hi It.\HAM

Fnrt Harrison
September :i(), 1SI14.

SAMUEL A. RICE

Jenkins' Ferry

July 6, 1864.

DANIEL MrCooK

Kenesaw Mountain

July 17, 1804.

J. H. KlTfHINIi

Cedar Creek
Died January 10, ISO.

DANIEL D. HinwEi.

Cedar C'reek
October 19, 1804.

ut Okrat European

COMPILED FROM HENDERSON'S " STONEWALL JACKSON AND THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR "
LIST OF KILLED AND WOUNDED (EXCLUDING PRISONERS)

THE VICTORIOUS SIDE IS GIVEN FIRST IN EACH CASE

BATTLE

NUMBER OF TROOPS

KILLED AND TOT\L
WOUNDED

TOTAL
PERCENTAGE

PERCENTAGE
OF VICTOR

Blenheim, 1704

Allies, 56,000
French, (50,000

Allies, 85,000
French, 85,000

Allies, 100,000
French, 100,000

Prussians. 64,000
Austrians, 60,000

Prussians, 32,760
Russians, 52,000

Allies, 70,000
Prussians, 43,000

Prussians, 46,000
Austrians, 60,000

French, 65,000
Allies, 83,000

French, 70,000
Russians, 63,500

Russians, 84,000
French, 85,000

French, 75,000
Russians, 67,000

Austrians, 75,000
French, 95,000

French, 220,000
Austrians, 150,000

French, 125,000
Russians, 138,000

French, 190,000
Allies, 110,000

Allies, 290,000
French, 150,000

French, 73,000
Prussians, 86,000

Allies, 100,000
French, 70,000

Allies, 135,000
Austrians, 160,000

Prussians, 211,000
Austrians, 206,000

Germans, 70,000
French, 98,000

Germans, 200,000
French, 120,000

Turks, 35,000
Russians, 80,000

1 1,000 \

20,000 J

10,000 1
10,000 /

14,000 \
20,000 /

12,000 1
10,000 /

12,000 \
20,000 /

14,000 \
17,0001

12,000 1
12,000/

9,000 \
16,000 /

20,000 \
22,000 /

10,000 \
12,000 /

10,000 \
24,000 /

20,000 \
25,000 /

22,000 \
22,000 /

30,000 \
45,000 /

12,000 \
12,000 /

42,000 1
50,000 /

12,000 \
12,000 /

20,000 \
22,000 /

16,500 \
15,000 /

8,894 \
18,000 /

15,800 \
17,000 /

20,000 1
10,0001

16,000 \
3,000 /

31,000
20,000
34,000
22,000
32,000
31,000
24,000
25,000
42,000
22,000
34,000
45,000
44,000
75,000
24,000
92,000
24,000
42,000
31,500
26,894
32,800
30,000
19,000

26
11
17

17
38
27
22
16
33
13
23
26
11
28
8
20
15
24
10
6
19
9
16

19
11
14

18
37
20
26
13
28
11
13
26
10
24
6
14
16
20
11
4
22
10
8

Oudenarde, 1708

Malplaquet, 1709

Prague, 1757

Zorndorf, 1758

Kunnersdorf, 1759

Torgau, 1760

Austerlitz, 1805

Eylau, 1807

Heilsberg, 1807

Friedland, 1807

Aspern, 1809 . .

Wagram, 1809

Borodino, 1812

Bautzen, 1813

Leipsic, 1813

Ligny, 1815 . .

Waterloo, 1815

Solferino, 1859

Koniggriitz, 1866

Vionville, 1870

Gravelotte, 1870

Plevna, September 11, 1877. .

[ 140 ]

GRIFFIN A. STEDMAN, JR.

Petersburg
Died August 5, 1804.

GEO. D. WELLS

Cedar Creek
October 13, 1864.

SYLVESTER G. HILL

Nashville
December 15, 1864.

FEDERAL GENERALS KILLED IN BATTLE— GROUP No.

ARTHUR H. DUTTON
Bermuda Hundred
Died June 5, 1864.

CHARLES R. LOWELL

Cedar Creek
October 20, 1864.

THEODORE READ

High Bridge
April 6, 1865.

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[142]

CONFEDERATE

GENERALS

KILLED

IN
BATTLE

GENERAL ALBEUT SIDNEY JOHNSTON

Shiloh
April 6, 1862.

No. 1

ARMY

AND

CORPS

COMMANDERS

LIEUT.-GENERAL, LEONIDAS POLK
Pine Mountain
June 14, 1864.

LIEUT.-GENEBAL AMBROSE POWELL HILL

Petersburg
April 2, 1865.

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Jonesboro, Ga., Aug. 31, 1864

Jonesboro, Ga., Sept. 1, 1864

Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864

Chaffin's Farm and Forts Harrison
Va.. Sent. 29-30. 1864.

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Appomattox, Va., Mar. 29-Apr. 9, 18
Petersburg, Va., Apr. 2, 1865

144]

WILLIAM D. FENDER

Gettysburg
July 18, 1863.

CONFEDERATE
GENERALS

KILLED
IX BATTLE

J. K. B. STUART
Yellow Tavern
May 12, 1861.

STEPHEN D. RAMSEUB

Cedar Creek
October 19, 1864.

GROUP
No. 2
MAJOR-
GENERALS

W. H. T. WALKER

Atlanta
July 22, 1864.

PATRICK R. CLEBURNE

Franklin
November 30, 1864.

ROBERT E. RODES

Opequon
September 19, 186}.

Nummary tff litttmt

STATES AND TEHKITOHIKS

White

Troops

Sailors and
Marines

Colored
Troops

Alabama ' 2,578

Arkansas 8,289

California 15,725

Colorado | 4,903

Connecticut 51,937 2,163 1,784

Dakota 206

Delaware 11,236 94 954

District of Columbia 11,912 1,353 3,269

Florida 1,290

Georgia .... .... ....

Illinois 255,057 2,224 1,811

Indiana 193,748 1,078 1,537

Iowa 75,797 5 440

Kansas 1 8,069 2,080

Kentucky 51,743 314 23,703

Louisiana 5,224 .... ....

Maine 64,973 5,030 104

Maryland ' 33,995 3,925 8,718

Massachusetts ; 122,781 19,983 2,966

Michigan j 85,479 498 1,387

Minnesota 23,913 3 104

Mississippi I 545 ....

Missouri I 100,616 151 8,344

Nebraska j 3,157

Nevada 1,080

New Hampshire ' 32,930 882 125

New Jersey I 67,500 8,129 1,185

New Mexico 6,561

New York 409,561 35,164 4,125

North Carolina 3,156

Ohio ! 304,814 3,274 5,092

Oregon. . 1,810

Pennsylvania j 315,017 14,307 8,612

Rhode Island .. 19,521 1,878 1,837

Tennessee 31,092

Texas 1 ,965

Vermont, 32,549 (519

Virginia

Washington Territory 964

West Virginia 31,872 133 196

Wisconsin . . 91,029 165

Indian Nations

Regular Army

Colored Troops

Veteran Volunteers

U. S. Volunteer?***

V. S. Sharpshooters and Engineers

Veteran Reserves

Generals and Staffs

Miscellaneous — Bands, etc . .

2,494,592

tit?

Indian
Nations

Aggregate

2,578

8,289
15,725

4,903

55,864

206

12,284

16,534

1,990

259,092

196,363

76,242

20,149

75,760

5,224

70,107

46,638

146,730

87,364

24,020

545

109,111

3,157

1,080

33,937

76,814

6,561

448,850

3,156

313,180

1,810

337,936

23,236

31,092

1,965

33,288

964

32,068

91,327

3,530

101,207 178,975 3,530

2,778,304

Total Deaths,
All Causes

345

1,713

573

323

5,354

6

882

290

215

15

34,834

26,672

13,001

2,630

10,774

945

9,398

13^)42

14,753

2,584

78

13,885

239

33

4,882

5,754

277

46,534

360

35,475

45

33,183

1,321

8,777

151

5,224

22

4,017

12,301

1,018

5,798

**36,847

106

243

552

1,672

239

232

359,528

* Colored troops recruited in the Southern States.
"* Includes all the deaths in the 178,975 Colored Troops.
*** Ex-Confederate Soldiers.

Eighty-six thousand seven hundred and twenty-four drafted men paid commutation and were exempted from service,

[146]

BRIO. -GEN.

BERNARD E. BEE

First Bull Run, Julv 21, 1SG1

BRIG.-GEN.

BENJAMIN McCuLLor.'H
Pea Ridge, March 7, 1862.

CONFEDERATE GENERALS
KILLED IN BATTLE

MAJ.-GEN.

JOHN PEURAM

Hatcher's Run, February 6, 186i"

GROUP No. 3

FELIX K. ZOLLICOFFER
Mill Springs, January 19, 1S6'2

BRIO. -GEN.

FRANCIS S. BARTOW

First Bull Run, July 21, 1861.

BRIO. -GEN.

ROBERT SELUEN GARNETT
Rich Mountain, July 13, 1861.

[D— 10]

DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES IN UNION ARMIES

Cause

Officers

Enlisted Men

Total

Killed and died of wounds

6,365

103,705

110,070

Died of disease •

3,712

197,008

199,720

In. prison

83

24,873

24,866

Accidents

142

3,972

4,114

Drowning

106

4,838

4,944

Sunstroke

5

308

313

Murdered

37

483

520

Killed after capture . .

14

90

104

Suicide

26

365

391

Military execution

267

267

Executed by enemy

4

60

64

Causes unclassified

62

1,972

2,034

Cause not stated

28

12,093

12,121

Totals. .

9,584

349,944

359,528

DEATHS IN CONFEDERATE ARMIES

A tabulation of Confederate losses as compiled from the muster-rolls on file in the Bureau of Confederate
Archives. (In the report for 1865-66, made by General James B. Fry, United States Provost Marshal-
General.) These returns are incomplete, and nearly all the Alabama rolls are missing. Still the figures
show that at least 74,524 Confederate soldiers were killed or died of wounds, and that 59,297 died of disease.

STATE

KILLED

DIED OF WOUNDS

DIED OF DISEASE

Officers

Enlisted
Men

Total

Officers

Enlisted
Men

Total

Officers

Enlisted
Men

Total

Virginia

266
677
360
172
47
14
122
70
28
104
99
35
92

5,062
13,845
8,827
5,381
746
538
5,685
2,548
1,320
2,061
2,016
972
1,867

5,328
14,522
9,187
5,553
793
552
5,807
2,618
1,348
2,165
2,115
1,007
1,959

200
330
257
140
16
9
75
42
13
27
49
27
61

2,319
4,821
3,478
1,579
490
181
2,576
826
1,228
888
825
441
672

2,519
5,151
3,735
1,719
506
190
2,651
868*
1,241
915
874
468
733

168
541
79
107
17
8
103
32
10
74
72
25
58

6,779
20,061
4,681
3,595
1,030
716
6,704
3,027
1,250
3,708
3,353
1,015
2,084

6,947
20,602
4,760
3,702
1,047
724
6,807
3,059
1,260
3,782
3,425
1,040
2,142

North Carolina

South Carolina .

Georgia

Florida

Alabama

Mississippi

Louisiana

Texas

Arkansas

Tennessee

Regular C. S. Army .
Border States

Totals

2,086

50,868

52,954

1,246

20,324

21,570

1,294

58,003

59,297

Colonel W. F. Fox, the authority on Civil War Statistics, states: "If the Confederate rolls could have
been completed, and then revised — as has been done with the rolls of the Union regiments- — the number
of killed, as shown above (74,524), would be largely increased. As it is, the extent of such increase must
remain a matter of conjecture. The Union rolls were examined at the same time, and a similar tabulation
of the number killed appears, also, in General Fry's report. But this latter number was increased 15,000
by a subsequent revision based upon the papers known as "final statements" and upon newly-acquired
information received through affidavits filed at the Pension Bureau."

[148]

WM. Y. SLACK

Pea Ridge
March 8, 1862.

ADLEY H. GLADDEN

Shiloh
April 11, 1862.

ROBERT HATTON

Fair Oaks
June 1, 1802.

RICHARD GRIFFITH
Savage Station
June 30, 1862.

GEORGE B. ANDERSON

Antietam
October 6, 1862.

CONFEDERATE
GENERALS KILLED

IN BATTLE

GROUP No. 4

TWELVE BRIGADIER

GENERALS

LEWIS HENRY LITTLE

Iiika
September 19, 1S62.

O. B. BRANCH

Antietam
September 17, 1862.

TURNER ASHBY
Harrisburg
June 6, 1862.

WILLIAM E. STARKE

Antietam
September 17, 1862.

JAMES MC!NTOSH

Pea Ridge
March 17, 1862.

CHARLES S. WINDER

Cedar Mountain,

August 9, 1862.

SAMUEL GARLAND, JR.

South Mountain
September 14, 1862.

TABULAR STATEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONS IN THE UNION SERVICE

REGIMENTS

BATTALIONS

COMPANIES

BATTERIES

Cavalry

272

45

78

Heavy artillerv

61

8

36

Lifflit artillerv . . .

9

432

Engineers

13

1

7

Sharpshooters

4

3

35

Infantry

2,144

60

351

Totals

2,494

126

507

432

SUMMARY OF ORGANIZATIONS IN THE CONFEDERATE ARMY

Any attempt to present in statistical form the strength of the Confederate armies is manifestly inipos
sible, as was explained by General Marcus J. Wright in his introductory chapter in Volume I of the PHOTO
GRAPHIC HISTORY. The same conditions also render futile any accurate comparison of the troops furnishet
to the Confederate armies by the various states of the South. Nevertheless, by tabulating the variou;
organizations and bearing in mind the limitations of the method as well as the original data, a slight basi:
is afforded to gain some idea of the relative numbers contributed by the different States, Furthermore
the numbers of the organizations when summarized are of interest in comparison with those given above

No complete official roll of regiments and other organizations in the Confederate army is to be fount
either in the archives of the United States War Department or published in the War Records, and it i;
difficult, if not impossible, to give either an accurate list or the total number. Various lists have been com
piled by private individuals, but none of these show absolute accuracy, and all differ among themselves
A list prepared by Colonel Henry Stone, a member of the Military Historical Society of Massachusetts
was made the basis of the following table by Colonel Thomas L. Livermore, which is published in his vol
ume "Numbers and Losses in the Civil War." This list General Wright states is as accurate as can be found

TABLE MADE BY COLONEL LIVERMORE FROM COLONEL STONE'S LIST

INFANTRY

CAVALRY

ARTILLERY

Regi
ments

Legions

Bat
talions

Com
panies

Regi
ments

Legions

Bat
talions

Com
panies

Regi
ments

Bat
talions

Com
panies

Alabama .

55
42

18
14
1
14

4
2
16
9

6
4

2
7
11
3
25
7
6
7
10
33
16

1

18

5
3
21

1
13
4

12

7
11
8
40

10
4
6

8

2
13
17
15
26

5

2
3

2
4

2
2
1

3
1

3
1

12

17
16
15

19
9

9
25
35
24

58

Arkansas . . .

Florida

9
67
9

3

Georgia

Kentucky

Louisiana .

33

22
21

12
14
24
4
19

4

8

14
5

Mississippi

53

Missouri ...

30
74
53
78
35
99

5

1
3

1
1

North Carolina

South Carolina

Tennessee

Texas

Virginia

Confederate or Prov.
Army .

Total

642

9

163

62

137

1

143

101

16

25

227

[150]

MA.XCY GREGG

Fredericksburg,

December 13. 1802.

E. D. TRACY
Fort Gibson
May 1, 1863.

THOMAS R. R. COBB

Fredericksburg
December 13. 1862.

GROUP No. 5

CONFEDERATE GENERALS

KILLED IN BATTLE

LLOYD TILGHMAN
Champion's Hill
May 1(3, 1863.

ROGER W. HANSON

Stone's River
December 30, 1862.

E. F. PAXTOX

Chancellorsville
May 3, 1863.

JAMES E. R\INS
Stone's River,
Dec. 31,1862.

LEWIS A. ARMISTEAD
Gettysburg
July 3, 1863.

WILLIAM BARKSDALE
Gettysburg
July 2, 1S63.

MARTIN E. GREEN

Vicksburg
June 27, 1863.

tn tip Itwm Armg

IN any discussion of the total or relative casu
alties suffered by a military organization in
a war, or in any particular engagement, it must
be borne in mind that the entire subject is one
around which many questions center. The general
consideration has been discussed by Colonel Hil
ary A. Herbert in the preceding chapter. It now
remains to give the readers of the PHOTOGRAPHIC
HISTORY some few exact statistics of the losses
suffered in both great armies.

In the official records there arc summarized
with considerable completeness the enlistments and
casualties for the various regiments and other
organizations of the Union army. The reports
for the most part are complete and comprehensive,
admitting of full discussion, yet often there is
great difficulty in reducing the vast amount of
material to a common denominator for purposes
of comparison. The problem is to consider the
various elements in their relations one to another.
Thus, it is possible to take those regiments where
the number killed or died of wounds during the
entire period of service stood at a maximum in
comparison with other organizations. Further
more, it is possible to consider such casualties
relatively, depending upon the strength of the or
ganization, and this latter method gives a clear
indication of the efficiency of the regiment during
its entire period of service. Large total losses
mean that the regiment was at the fore-front of
the fighting in many battles and not necessarily
unduly exposed at one particular action.

Such is the list to be found on page 154, com

piled from the authoritative work of Lieutenant-
Colonel William F. Fox, U. S. V.— " Regimental
Losses in the Civil War." It is, indeed, a record
of valor; the fifty regiments here listed are entitled
to places of high honor on the scroll of history.
It is, all things considered, the most useful basis of
making a comparison of the services of the dif
ferent regiments, and it is one which unfortunately
cannot be made for the regiments comprising the
Confederate army, on account of the absence of
suitable rosters and reports.

Now, if we should consider the maximum per
centage of casualties based on the total of killed,
wounded, and missing, a similar roll could be
constructed. It would be headed by the First
Minnesota Infantry, which, at the battle of
Gettysburg, with 262 men engaged on the second
day, lost 168 wounded and 47 killed, or a per
centage of 82. In fact, other regiments standing
at the top of such a list are worthy of note, and
a few such, as listed by Colonel Fox, are given in
the table at the bottom of this page.

The tabular statement on page 154 must be
considered, therefore, as suggestive rather than
complete. The selection of fifty regiments is an
arbitrary one ; for, of over two thousand regiments
in the Union army, 45 infantry regiments lost
over 200 men killed or mortally wounded in action
during the war. In fact, Colonel Fox has com
piled a list of 300 fighting regiments, which lost
over 130 who were killed and died of wounds dur
ing the war, or which, with a smaller enrollment,
suffered an equivalent percentage of casualties.

REGIMENT

BATTLE

Killed

Wounded

Missing

Total

Engaged

IVr Cent.

1st Minnesota
141st Pennsylvania

Gettysburg
Gettysburg. . .

47
25

168
103

21

215*
149

262
198

82.0
75 7

101st New York

Bull Run

o

101

17

124

168

7') 8

25th Massachusetts

Cold Harbor

53

139

28

220

310

70 0

36th Wisconsin (4 Cos.) ....

Bethesda Church

20

108

38

166

240

69.0

20th Massachusetts

Fredericksburg . . .

25

138

163

238

68 4

8th Vermont

Cedar Creek

1 7

66

23

106

156

67 9

81st Pennsylvania

Fredericksburg

15

141

20

176

261

67 4

12th Massachusetts

An tietam

49

165

10

224

334

67 0

1st Maine H. A

Petersburg

115

489

28

63"

950

66 5

9th Louisiana Colored

Milliken's Bend

62

130

192

300

64 0

5th New Hampshire

Fredericksburg

20

154

19

193

303

63 6

* Action of July 2d, — 8 companies engaged; total casualties at Gettysburg were 224.

[152]

CONFED
ERATE
GENERALS

RICHARD B. GAHNETT
Gettysburg
July 3, 1863.

W. R. SCURRY
Jenkins Ferry
April 30, 1861.

PAUL J. SEMMES

Gettysburg
July 10, 1863.

CARNOT POSEY

Bristoe Station

November 13, 1863.

KILLED

IN
BATTLE

JAMES DESHI.ER

Chickamauga
September 20, 1863.

BENJAMIN H. HELM

Chickamauga
September 20, 1863.

JOHN M. JONES
Wilderness
May 2, 1864.

L. A. STAFFORD

Wilderness
May 11, 1864.

GROUP

No.
6

J. J. PETTIGREW
Falling Waters
July 17, 1863.

THOMAS GREEN
Pleasant Hill
April 12, 1864.

ALFRED MOUTON

Sabine Cross Roads

April 8, 1864.

PRESTON SMITH

Chickamauga

September 20, 1863.

Itmm iRrgtttwttB luring lEntto

0f

ufcrm

KILLED AND DIED OF WOUNDS — MAXIMUM PERCENTAGES OF ENROLLMENT
COMPILED FROM Fox's " REGIMENTAL LOSSES IN THE CIVIL WAR"

REGIMENT

DIVISION

CORPS

Enrolled

Killed

Per Cent.

2d Wisconsin

Wadsworth 's

First

1,203

238

19 7

1st Maine H. A ....

Birney's . . .

Second

2,202

423

19 2

57th Massachusetts . .
140th Pennsylvania .

Stevenson's
Barlow's . .

Ninth
Second

1,052
1,132

201
198

19.1
17 4

26th Wisconsin . . .

Schurz's

Eleventh

1,089

188

17 2

7th Wisconsin

Wadsworth's

First

1,630

281

17 2

69th New York

Hancock's. . . .

Second . . .

1,513

259

17.1

llth Penn. Reserves. .

Crawford's

Fifth

1,179

196

16 6

142d Pennsylvania

Doubleday's . . .

First. . .

935

155

16 5

141st Pennsylvania. .

Birney's

Third

1 037

167

16 1

19th Indiana

Wadsworth 's

First

1 246

199

15 9

121st New York

Wright's

Sixth

1 426

226

15 8

7th Michigan

Gibbon's

Second

1 315

208

15 8

148th Pennsylvania . .

Barlow's

Second

1 339

210

15 6

83d Pennsylvania

Griffin's. .

Fifth

1,808

282

15 5

22d Massachusetts

Griffin's

Fifth

1 393

216

15 5

36th Wisconsin

Gibbon's

Second

1 014

157

15 4

27th Indiana

Williams'

Twelfth

1 101

169

15 3

5th Kentucky

T. J. Wood's

Fourth

1 020

157

15 3

27th Michigan

Wlllcox's

Ninth

1 485

225

15 1

79th U. S. Colored

Xhayer's

Seventh

1 249

188

15 0

17th Maine

Birney's

Third

1 371

207

150

1st Minnesota

Gibbon's

Second

1 242

187

15 0

93d Illinois

Quinby's

1 01 1

14 9

36th Illinois

Sheridan's

T^mirtli

1 376

204

MQ

8th Penn. Reserves. . .

Crawford's

Fifth

1 062

158

MQ

126th New York

Barlow's

Second

1 036

153

14 7

49th Pennsylvania

Weight's

Sixth

1 313

193

14 6

9th Illinois

Dodge's

1 403

216

M4

20th Iridiana

Birney's

Third

1 403

C)Ql

14 3

15th Kentucky

Johnson's

Q5fi

U^

2d Massachusetts

Williams'

Twelfth

1 305

187

14 3

55th Illinois

Blair's

Fifteenth

1 OQQ

1 57

U2

4th Michigan

Griffin's

Fifth

1 325

189

14 v

15th Massachusetts. . .

Gibbon's

1 701

241

14 1

15th New Jersey. . . .

Wright's

Sixth

1 702

240

14 1

145th Pennsylvania. .

Barlow's

1 4,5fi

<?ft5

14. 1

28th Massachusetts

Barlow's

1 778

250

14 0

1st Michigan

Morell's

Fifth

1 329

187

14 0

8th New York II. A

Gibbon's

Second

2 575

361

14 0

7th West Virginia ....

Gibbon's

1 008

142

14 0

37th Wisconsin

\\ lllf'OY'c

"\TintVi

i 1 1 ft

i %ft

i j. n

5th Michigan

Birney's

Third

1 883

263

13 9

10th Penn. Reserves

Crawford's

Fifth

1 150

160

13 9

13th Penn. Reserves. . .

C r a wf r»rr 1 ' «

FiftVi

1 1RZ

1fi9

11 Q

63d Pennsylvania

Birney's

Third

1 341

186

13 8

5th Vermont

Getty's

Sixth

1 533

213

13 8

6th Iowa

Corse's

1 102

1 52

13 7

155th New York

Gibbon's

830

13 7

49th Ohio

T. J. Wood's

Fourth

1 468

202

13 7

ABNER PERRIN

Spot.s\ Ivania
May 12, 1864.

W. E. JONES

Piedmont
June 5. 1864.

GEORGE DOLES

Bethesda Church

May 30, 1864.

KOBEKT H. ANDERSON

Antietam
October 6, 1862.

CONFEDERATE
GENERALS

KILLED
IN BATTLE
GROUP No. 7
BRIGADIER-
GENERALS

JOHN H. MORGAN

Greenville
September 4, 1SG4.

JOHN R. CHAMBI.ISS, JR.

Deep Bottom
August 16, 1864.

JCNIUS DANIEL

Spotsylvania
Died May 13, 1864.

JAMES B. GORDON
Yellow Tavern
May 11, 1864.

J. C. SAUNDERS
Weldon Railroad
August 21, 1864.

MICAH JENKINS

Wilderness
May 6, 1864.

C. H. STEVENS

Peach Tree Creek

July 20, 1864.

SAMUEL BENTON
Ezra Church
July 29, 1864.

Stegttimtta

BY GENERAL MARCUS J. WRIGHT, CONFEDERATE STATES ARMY

AT the time when Lieutenant-Colonel William
F. Fox, U. S. V., published his valuable and
exceedingly accurate work, entitled " Regimental
Losses of the American Civil War, 1861-1865,"
many regimental reports were missing or inacces
sible, so that this work, in many respects a stand
ard as far as Confederate material was con
cerned, necessarily is incomplete.

No compilation of statistics exists correspond
ing to that given for the Union armies on a pre
ceding page, and but little exact statistical
information of a broad character is available.
Therefore, it seems desirable here to give on a fol
lowing page a table from Colonel Fox's book,
which shows remarkable percentages of losses in
Confederate regiments at particular engagements.
This list contains only a few of the many instances
of regiments suffering a heavy percentage of loss.
The list is compiled from the few cases in which
the official Confederate reports on file in the
United States War Department mention the num
ber of effectives taken into action as well as the
actual losses.

Because of these statistical deficiencies, no com
plete catalogue of distinguished Confederate regi
ments based on the records of battlefield casualties
is possible. This is especially regrettable to those
who recall the conspicuous services of many or
ganizations from the very outset.

In addition to Colonel Fox's table we give a few
other notable instances. At the first battle of Bull
Run, the 33d Virginia lost 45 killed ami 101
wounded, and the 27th Virginia lost 19 killed and
122 wounded. Hampton's Legion lost 19 killed
and 100 wounded.

The 2d Georgia had the longest service of any
infantry regiment from that State. In the Seven
Days' around Richmond, with 271 men in the field,
it lost 120. At Malvern Hill, it lost 81 men and
about the same number at Gettysburg.

At Mills Springs, Ky., the 15th Mississippi
Regiment lost 46 killed and 153 wounded. The
8th Kentucky regiment at Fort Donelson, Tenn.,
lost 27 killed and 72 wounded. The 4th Tennes
see, at Shiloh, lost 36 killed and 183 wounded,
while the 4th Kentucky lost 30 killed and 183
wounded. The 12th Mississippi, at Fair Oaks,

Va., lost 41 killed and 152 wounded. Hampton's
Legion, a South Carolina organization, at Fair
Oaks lost 21 killed and 122 wounded. The 2()th
North Carolina lost, at Games' Mill, 70 killed and
202 wounded. At Games' Mill and Glendale the
14th Alabama lost 71 killed and 253 wounded,
the 19th Mississippi 58 killed and 264 wounded,
the 14th Louisiana 51 killed and 192 wounded,
and the 12th Mississippi 34 killed and 186
wounded. At Malvern Hill, the 2d Louisiana lost
30 killed and 152 wounded. The 21st Virginia
lost, at Cedar Mountain, Va., 37 killed and 85
wounded.

At Manassas (Second Bull Run), Va., the 5th
Texas lost 15 killed and 224 wounded; the 2d
Louisiana lost 25 killed and 86 wounded. At
Richmond, Ky., the 2d Tennessee lost 17 killed
and 95 wounded. At Antictam, or Sharpsburg,
the 13th Georgia lost 48 killed and 169 wounded;
the 48th North Carolina lost 31 killed and 186
wounded. At luka, Miss., the 3d Texas, dis
mounted cavalry, lost 22 killed and 74 wounded.
At Corinth, Miss., the casualties of the 35th Mis
sissippi were 32 killed and 110 wounded, and of
the 6th Missouri, 31 were killed and 130 wounded.
At Chaplin Hills, Ky., from the 1st Tennessee
regiment, 49 were killed and 129 wounded.

At Fredericksburg, Va., the 57th North Caro
lina lost 32 killed, 192 wounded, and the 48th
North Carolina 17 killed and 161 wounded. At
Stone's River, the 29th Mississippi lost 34 killed
and 202 wounded.

At Chancellorsville, Va., the losses of the 37th
North Carolina were 34 killed and 193 wounded ;
the 2d North Carolina, 47 killed and 167 wounded.
At Vicksburg, Miss., the 3d Louisiana lost 49
killed, 119 wounded, and the 6th Missouri lost 33
killed and 134 wounded. At Helena, Ark., the
7th Missouri lost 16 killed and 125 wounded. At
Gettysburg, the 42d Mississippi lost 60 killed and
205 wounded, and the 1st Maryland, with 400
present for duty, had 52 killed and 140 wounded.
At Charleston Harbor, the 21st South Caro
lina lost 14 killed and 112 wounded, and the 25th
South Carolina 16 killed and 124 wounded. At
the bloody battle of Chickamauga, Alabama regi
ments suffered great losses.

156]

ARCHIBALD GRACIK, JR.
Petersburg Trenches
December 2, 1SG4.

JOHN AD.VMS

Franklin
November 30, 1864.

JOHN DUNOVANT

Vaughn Road,
October 1, 1864.

JOHN GREGG
Darbytown Road,
October 7, 1864.

H. B. GRANBURY

Franklin
November 30, 1864.

STEPHEN ELLIOTT, JR.

Petersburg
Died in 1864.

JAMES DEARINO
High Bridge
April 6, 1865.

CONFEDERATE

GENERALS

KILLED

IN

BATTLE-
GROUP No. 8—
BRIGADIER-
GENERALS

OSCAR F. STRAHL

Franklin
November 30, 1864.

ARCHIBALD C. GODWIN

Opequon
September 19, 1864.

H. H. GIST

Franklin
November 30, 1864.

VICTOR J. GIKARDEY

Petersburg
August 16, 1864.

(Eaauattfea nf Jtffg (ttnnfrforafr Uegtmettt0

FROM Fox's " REGIMENTAL LOSSES IN THE CIVIL WAR"

SHOWING REMARKABLE PERCENTAGES OF LOSSES AT PARTICULAR ENGAGEMENTS BASED ON

OFFICIAL REPORTS

NOTE — This list does not aim to include all the notable instances of remarkable casualties of regiments in the Confederate Army.

It was based by Colonel Fox on available records where the numbers taken into action as well as the casualties were

specified in official reports. The list is suggestive rather than complete, as many regiments omitted

might with propriety claim to be included in any roll of "Fifty Fighting Regiments."

REGIMENT

BATTLE

DIVISION

Present

Killed

Wounded

Missing

Per Cent.

1 st Texas

Antietam

Hood's . .

226

242
820
425
444
328
375
284
225
514
240
228
325
632
128
176
537
148
396
354
55
450
292
340
353
377
678
350
270
180
200
210
283
424
408
268
306
521
335
357
200
312
355
400
282
158
186
500
480
225

45
38
86
61
41
44
39
25
27
71
29
27
31
91
11
13
81
15
45
37
7
35
18
27
27
36
77
27
23
18
10
16
25
32
59
23
22
88
19
49
10
29
14
52
20
15
10
18
32
26

141
146
502
239
265
180
215
164
122
264
124
117
168
277
64
72
225
69
179
163
24
218
137
162
167
155
286
115
121
79
97
84
126
170
156
117
136
181
152
121
91
127
155
140
113
57
73
197
167
66

1

5
16

9

16
6

48

2

12

22

11
3

82.3
76.0
71.7
70.5
68.2
68.0
67.7
66.9
66.2
65 . 1
63.7
63.1
61.2
59.0
58.5
57.3
56.9
56.7
56.5
56.4
56.3
56.2
56.1
55.0
54.9
54.9
54.4
54.2
54.0
53 . 8
53.5
53 . 3
53 . 3
52.8
52.6
52.2
51.6
51.6
51.0
50.7
50.5
50.0
48.4
48.0
47.1
45.5
44.6
43.0
41.4
40.8

21st Georgia

Manassas

E well's

26th North Carolina

Gettysburg ....

Heth's

6th Mississippi

Shiloh

Hardee's

8th Tennessee

Stone's River . . .
Chickamauga. . .
Glendale

Cheatham's. . .
Johnson's ....
Longstreet's . .
Evans'

10th Tennessee

Palmetto Sharpshooters
17th South Carolina

Manassas .

23d South Carolina

Manassas .

Evans'

44th Georgia

Mechanicsville . .
Gettysburg

D.H. Hill's. . .

Rodes'
Anderson's. . .
Walker's

2d N. C. Battalion

16th Mississippi . . .

Antietam

27th North Carolina

Antietam

6th Alabama

Seven Pines ....
Antietam

D. H. Hill's. . .
McLaws'
Hood's

15th Virginia

8th Georgia

Antietam

IstS. C. Rifles

Games' Mill ....
Antietam

A. P. Hill's. .
McLaws'
A. P. Hill's . .
D. H. Hill's. .
Pickett's
A. P. Hill's . . .
Cheatham's. . .
Hood's
Cheatham's. . .
Cheatham's. . .
D. H. Hill's. .
Hardee s

10th Georgia

18th North Carolina. ...

Seven Days
Malvern Hill. .
Antietam

3d Alabama

17th Virginia. .

7th North Carolina

Seven Days ....
Stone's River

1 2th Tennessee

9th Georgia. .

Gettysburg

5th Georgia

Chickamauga. . .
Stone's River . . .
Seven Pines ....
Shiloh

16th Tennessee

4th North Carolina.

27th Tennessee

12th South Carolina

IVTanassas

A. P. Hill's . . .
Jackson's

4th Virginia. .

Manassas
Antietam

4th Texas

27th Tennessee

Perryville

Cleburne's ....
A. P. Hill's. ..
D. H. Hill's. . .
D. H. Hill's. . .

^IcLaws

1st South Carolina
49th Virginia

Manassas
Fair Oaks
Fair Oaks
Antietam

12th Alabama
7th South Carolina

7th Texas

Raymond

John Gregg's. .
D.H. Hill's...
Hood's

6th South Carolina
15th Georgia

Fair Oaks
Gettysburg

llth Alabama

Glendale
Manassas
Gettysburg
Chancellorsville .
Gettysburg

Longstreet's . .
Hood's

17th Georgia

3d North Carolina

Johnson's
Trimble's
Johnson's

4th Virginia

1st Maryland

8th Mississippi

Stone's River. . .
Antietam

Jackson's
McLaws'

32d Virginia

18th Mississippi
14th South Carolina. . .

Antietam
Games' Mill ....
Chancellorsville .
Malvern Hill. . . .

McLaws'
A. P. Hill's. ..
A. P. Hill's . .
D. H. Hill's.

33d North Carolina

5th Alabama

[1.58]

VI

FEDERAL ARMIES, CORPS
AND LEADERS

THE SECOND CORPS, ARMY OF THE POTOMAC

MARCHING DOWN PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE IN 1865 — THE SECOND CORPS HAD
A RECORD OF LONGER CONTINUOUS SERVICE, A LARGER ORGANIZATION,
HARDEST FIGHTING, AND GREATEST NUMBER OF CASUALTIES, THAN ANY OTHER

IN THE EASTERN ARMIES IT CONTAINED THE REGIMENT WHICH SUSTAINED

THE LARGEST PERCENTAGE OF LOSS IN ANY ONE ACTION; THE REGIMENT
WHICH SUSTAINED THE GREATEST NUMERICAL LOSS IN ANY ONE ACTION; AND
THE REGIMENT WHICH SUSTAINED THE GREATEST NUMERICAL LOSS DURING

ITS TERM OF SERVICE OF THE HUNDRED UNION REGIMENTS WHICH LOST

THE MOST MEN IN BATTLE, THIRTY-FIVE BELONGED TO THE SECOND CORPS

ORDERLY

"FIGHTING JOE HOOKER" WITH HIS STAFF

, T''"B "•'" thr°'"!" "'" """ W"r' ""
'"' "" ^ '' '^ m***

On M.y ,7, ,„. hl. „.

through,*,, tlK, K^uUr n,,,,i(, t , i s , '

" ™ *"-

' O ,,

, , soer , f >% ™3' '"" ri

1 .60] 'TO

' '""" '""

• ««

Presidea, Linroln to the eommim<l

t

Ch.neell,>r,ville, and hi, 90 000 soldier , f

'TOd '» — s ""e Rappahannock. \Vhile fighting in the East he was wounded at

W M.KKR, THE ARTIST CAPTAIN R. H. HALL

LIEUTENANT MAJOR WILLIAM

SAMUEL W. TAYLOR H. LAWRENCE

GENERAL
JOSEPH
HOOKER

GENERAL

DANIEL

BUTTERFIELD

COLONEL
JAMES D.
FESSENDEN

ON THE SPOT WHENCE HE DIRECTED HIS "BATTLE ABOVE THE CLOUDS"

Antic-tarn, and stunned at Chancellorsville by a cannon-ball which struck a pillar against which he was leaning. In September, 1863,
he was sent with the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps to reenforce Rosecrans at Chattanooga. On November 24th, in the "battle among
the clouds" at the head of his new command, he led a charge against the Confederate artillery and infantry posted on Lookout Moun
tain For his conduct on this occasion he was brevetted major-general in the regular army. He further distinguished himself under
Sherman at Dalton and Resaca, and in the attack on Atlanta. At his own request (July 30, 1864) he was placed on waiting orders
September 28th, when he was put in command of the Northern Department. He retired from active service October 15, «
the full rank of major-general in the regular army. General Hooker died at Garden City, Long Island, New York, October 31, 1879.

THE ARMY OF GEORGIA— OX PARADE, GENERAL SLOCUM AT THE HEAD

Very different from the march through Georgia and the Carolina* was this magnificent parade of the Army of
Georgia down Pennsylvania Avenue. In front ride General Slocum and his staff. Behind come the long
straight lines of men who proved the Confederacy a hollow shell with all of its fighting men at the front.
Eagerly crowding close to the line of march are the citizens of Washington who had alternately clamored for
action, and shaken in their boots when the daring Confederate leaders pressed dose to the Northern capital.
Many a heartfelt prayer of thanks and relief was offered when mothers saw their boys march past, unscathed
by the war and about to retJnter civil life. Many a tear fell for those who could not be there to share the glory.

[162]

At Games' Mill. Slocum's Division of the Sixth Corps was sent
to the support of General Porter, and lost 2.021 out of less than
8.000 present in the hot engagement. It was in front of Fred-
oricksburg May 3, 1863. under General Sedgwiek. that the
Corps made its most brilliant display of dash and daring. It
carried at the point of the bayonet Marye's Heights, the strong
position before which there had fallen, gloriously but in vain,
nearly 13.000 men the previous December. Most of the Corps
was held in reserve at Gettysburg, and its casualties there were
slight, but it added again to its laurels at Rappahannock Sta-

THE SIXTH ARMY CORPS IX THE GRAXD

REVIEW— THE CORPS THAT SAVED

WASHINGTON FROM CAPTURE

tion. In the battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania it en
countered its hardest fighting, the percentage of killed of the
Fifteenth New Jersey in the latter battle being equaled in only
one instance during the whole war. At Cold Harbor it suf
fered heavily again, and the appearance of two of its divisions
at Fort Stevens checked Early's advance on Washington. It
pursued Early up the Shenandoah. and fought at Opequon and
Cedar Creek. In the final assault on Petersburg it played
an important part. It was no less prominent in its
final appearance at the. Grand Review in Washington.
D— 11

THE NINETEENTH ARMY CORPS

THE TWENTIETH ARMY CORPS

Arnwfi flf the lluiteb

in ib? (Until Mar

BY THK PROVISIONS of the Constitution, the
President of the United States is commander-
in-chicf of the army and navy. During the Civil
War, this function was exercised in no small de
gree by President Lincoln. As Secretaries of War,
he had in his cabinet Simon Cameron, from March
4, 1861, to January 14, 1862; and Edward M.
Stanton, who served from January 15, 1862,
throughout, Lincoln's administration, and also
under Johnson until May 28, 1868, except for a
short interval during which he was suspended.
There were four generals-in-chief of the armies :
Brevet Lieutenant-Genera] Scott, Major-Generals
McClellan and Halleck, and Lieutenant-General
Grant. The last named has been considered in
previous pages of this volume, but the lives arid
services of the other three are summarized below,
in addition to the treatment received in other
volumes. (CONSULT INDKX.) This is true of all
the army leaders not separately described in the
pages that follow. The Index will refer to treat
ment in other volumes.

LIKUTKNANT-GKNKRAI, WINFIKLD SCOTT was
born near Petersburg, Virginia, June 13, 1786.
After being graduated from William and Mary
College, he studied law, was admitted to the bar,
and then entered the army at the age of twenty-
two. His career was one of bravery and incident.
He was captured by the British, but exchanged in
181 3, fought in the battle of Lundy's Lane, and
was severely wounded. After the close of the war
he was raised to the rank of major-general, and in
1811 succeeded General Macomb as commander
of the United States army. In the war with Mex
ico, he won great fame and was nominated by the
Whigs for President in 1852; but he carried only
four States. In 1855, Congress revived the rank
of lieutenant-general and conferred it by brevet
upon Scott, the appointment being dated March
29, 1847, the day of his brilliant capture of Vcra
Cru/. It was evident that his age and infirmities
would prevent, his taking any active part in the
Civil War, and on November 1, 1861, he was re
tired from the chief command of the army of the
United States. He wrote an autobiography, and
made a European trip in 1864, dying May 29,
1866, at West Point, Xew York.

MAJOR-GENERAL HKNHV WAOKH HAI.I.KCK
(U.S.M.A. 1839) was born in Western ville. New

York, January 16, 1815. He served in California
and on the Pacific coast during the Mexican War.
He retired from the army with the rank of captain
in 1854 to practise law, but after the outbreak of
the Civil War reentered the regular service, with
the grade of major-general. He was in command
of the Department of Missouri (afterward Depart
ment of Mississippi) from November 19, 1861, to
July 11, 1862, when he became general-in-chief of
all the armies. Grant succeeded him, March 9,
1864, arid Halleck was his chief-of-staff until the
close of the war. He continued in the army as
head, successively, of the Military Division of the
.James, the Department of the Pacific, and Depart
ment of the South until his death at Louisville,
Kentucky, .January 9, 1872.

MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE BIUXTOX McCi.Ki.-
I-AX (U.S.M.A. 1846) was born in Philadelphia,
December 3, 1826. He served in the Engineer
Corps during the Mexican War, distinguished
himself by gallant service, and reached the rank
of captain in 1855, having been so brevetted in
1847. He became assistant instructor in prac
tical engineering at West Point, later accom
panied the Red River exploring expedition, and
was sent on a secret mission to Santo Domingo.
During the Crimean War, he was one of a com
mission of three appointed by Congress to study
and report upon the whole art of European war
fare. He remained some time with the British
forces. McClellan's report was a model of com
prehensive accuracy and conciseness, and showed
him to be a master of siege-tactics. In 1857, Mc
Clellan resigned his army commission to devote
himself to the practice of engineering. He be
came vice-president of the Illinois Central Hail
road Company, and later president of the Eastern
Division of the Ohio and Missouri Railroad. He
made his home in Cincinnati until the outbreak of
the Civil War, when he tendered his services to his
country and was made major-general of volun
teers, April 21, 1861. Tlie Department of the
Ohio was constituted, and McClellan took com
mand, May 13th, his appointment as major-gen
eral dating from the following day. He drove
the Confederates from northwestern Virginia and
saved that section to the Union, an accomplish
ment of the most vital importance, since, in the
event of the establishment, of the Confederacy,
the Union territory would have been contracted at

Kill

The upper photograph, as beau-
tifully "composed" as a classic
painting, shows General and
Mr>. Scott at their home. Fliz-
al>eth. Xe\v Jersey, in 18G2. A
closer portrait >tudy of the gen
eral appears Mow. Winfield
Scott became the nr>t general-
in-ehicf of the United States
Army during the Civil \\ar.
being already in that position
when the war broke out. He
was then nearly seventy-five
years old. The aged hero
owed his exalted rank and his
military fame to his dashing
ami vigorous achievements as
commander in the Mexican
War. He directed until retired
by his own request in Novem
ber. 1S61. Scott possessed an
imposing figure and courage
equal to every danger. He was
exacting in discipline — that
power which the French call
"the glory of the soldier and
the strength of armies.

Major-General Henry Wager
Halleck assumed command of
the Army and Department of
Missouri in 1861, and from his
headquarters at St. I/juis di
rected the operations of the
forces which early in 186i com
pelled the Confederates to
evacuate Kentucky and Cen
tral and West Tennessee. After
he assumed control of all the
armies as successor to MeClcl-
lan in July, 186i, he made his
headquarters in Washington,
performing duties similar to
those of a chief -of -staff in a
modern army. His military
decisions in particular crises
as Fredericksburg, Charcel-
lorsville and Gettysburg were
not always approved by critics;
nevertheless, he bore a reputa
tion for getius as a commander.
He was succeeded in the duties
of general-in-ehief in February,
1864, by Lieutenant-General
t'lvssts S. Grant.

SCOTT AND HALLKCK-TWO GENERALS -IX CHIEF Ol T11K I'MTED STATES ARM\

i 01 Lhr u ntunor

'-.

-. .:- . - : 1

- " > ".

•

• . -. . - .

>:iieccv in 1S64. arid Ki~ re-

TTELT Wit? ACCtptcxl OE N»>ve21-

»ptnt ^ver^I rears abn>A.i.
. Nsr«" Jer«tv. of wiici Sr.ite
m 1ST7. A-i^fe fr»>m hi? mlLi-

rliJlTl W*^ 4 T.An Of feje tAstc*

.

_

• rr

i^ death oc-

Amur nf Ihr

rge B. McC'k^kn to Xoi

r-Gen-er^l A. f

rtt^.1-

"

• •

MAT **. 1^

- _

•" * m -a^.'-Lirj.
n G. Pirkc w.-i.?

• - ;

ctx£ne of ^

«rt*i At

- • -.:

For g*I-

-.*-

-

- v^-.

Later.

- -; '

A THIRD GENERAL-IN-CHIEF
McCLELLAN, WITH HIS WIFE

Major-General George Brinton McGlellan began his war career as commander of the Department of Ohio. After he had defeated
and scattered the Confederate forces commanded by General Robert E. Lee, securing West Virginia to the Union, he was appointed
general-in-chief of the United States Armies as successor to General Scott, in November, 1861. He planned and directed the expeditions
which, under General A. E. Burnside captured the coast of North Carolina, under Butler and Farragut opened up the lower Mis
sissippi, and in Kentucky and Tennessee resulted in the capture of Fort Donelson. He led the Army of the Potomac in the Peninsula
and Antietam campaigns. Meadc, its last commander, said: "Had there been no McCIellan there could have been no Grant."

Armg of 11)? 3I?mt?00??

Virginia campaign of 186-1. Major-General
Burnside resigned his commission at the close of
the war and resumed his career as a railroad pro
jector and manager. He was governor of Rhode
Island from 1866 to 1869, and senator from 1875
until his death, which occurred September 3, 1881,
at Bristol, Rhode Island.

MAJOR-GENERAL JOSEPH HOOKER (U.S.M.A.
1837) was born in Hadley, Massachusetts, No
vember 13, 1814. He entered the artillery and
was brevetted lieutenant-colonel for distinguished
services in the Mexican War. He resigned his
commission in 1853. At the outbreak of the
Civil War he was living in California as a farmer
and civil engineer. He tendered his services to the
Government and was appointed brigadier-general
of volunteers. In March, 1862, he was made a
division commander in the Army of the Potomac,
with a promotion to major-general of volunteers
in May. An appointment as brigadier-general
of the regular army followed the battle of An-
tietam, in which he was wounded. In September,
1862, he rose to corps commander, and was at
the head of the Center Grand Division in Burn-
side's organization. He wras commander of the
Army of the Potomac from January 26, 1863, to
June 28th. Later, he exhibited great gallantry
as corps commander at Lookout Mountain, and

in the Atlanta campaign. On October 1, 1864,
he was placed at the head of the Northern Depart
ment, and served at the head of other departments
until he was retired, as the result of a paralytic
stroke, with full rank of major-general, in Octo
ber, 1868. His death occurred at Garden City,
Xew York, October 31, 1879.

MAJOR-GENERAL GKORGE GORDON MEADE (U.
S.M.A. 1835) was born in Cadiz, Spain, Decem
ber 31, 1815, while his father was American naval
agent at that city. He saw service in the Seminole
War, and then resigned in 1836 to take up the
practice of civil engineering. He reentercd the
army and served with the Topographical En
gineer Corps during the Mexican War. He was
afterward employed on river and harbor im
provements, lighthouse construction, and the sur
vey of the Great Lakes, until the Civil War broke
out, when he was commissioned brigadier-general
of volunteers and put in command of a brigade in
the Pennsylvania Reserve in the Army of the
Potomac. Later, he commanded the First and
Fifth corps and was made general commanding
of the army, June 28, 1863. He was in chief com
mand at Gettysburg. On August 18, 1864, he re
ceived a commission as major-general in the regu
lar army, and served therein until his death, in
Philadelphia, November 6, 1872.

THE TROOPS in the Military District of Cairo
were under the command of Brigadier-General
U. S. Grant from August 1, 1861, until February,
1862. The District of West Tennessee was or
ganized February 17, 1862, and Grant was at its
head until October 16th. His forces were known
as the Army of West Tennessee, and were in
cluded in those of the Department of Mississippi,
under Major-General Halleck. With this force,
consisting of six divisions and some unassigned
troops, Grant fought the battle of Shiloh. On
October 16, 1862, the Department of Tennessee
was created to include Cairo, western Kentucky
and Tennessee, and northern Mississippi. Grant
was commander until October 24, 1863, when the
Military Division of the Mississippi was organized
to include the Departments of the Ohio,, Tennessee,
Cumberland, and of Arkansas. The troops in the
Department of Tennessee were designated the
Thirteenth Army Corps until December 18, 1862,

when they were reorganized into the Thirteenth,
Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth corps. Suc
ceeding Grant, this force, usually called the Army
of the Tennessee, was successively commanded
by Major-Generals W. T. Sherman, James B.
McPherson, John A. Logan, and O. (). Howard.
This army took part in the capture of Vicksburg,
battle of Chattanooga, Atlanta campaign, and
Sherman's campaigns in Georgia and the Caro-
linas. A detachment of it was with the Red River
expedition, in 1864.

MAJOR-GENERAL JAMES BIRDSEYE MCPHERSON
(U.S.M.A. 1853) was born in Sandusky, Ohio,
November 14, 1828. He practised engineering in
the Government employ and also taught it at
West Point. When the war broke out, he raised a
force of engineers, and later he was aide to Major-
Gencral Halleck. In December, 1862, he was given
command of the Seventeenth Corps. His services

168

AMBROSE EVERETT BURNSIDE

Commander of the Army of the Potomac During
the Fredericksburg Campaign, Novem
ber, 1862, to January, 1863.

GEORGE GORDON MEADE

Commander of the Army of the Potomac in the

Gettysburg Campaign, also in the Wilderness

Campaign and Siege of Petersburg,

MAJOR-GENERALS

BURNSIDE,

HOOKER,

MEADE

COMMANDERS
OF

THE ARMY OF
THE POTOMAC

JOSEPH HOOKER

Commander of the Army of the Potomac During the Chan-

cellorsville Campaign and the Opening of the

Gettysburg Campaign.

uf

Army uf tljr (HwmbnrlmtJi

in reenforcing Rosecrans after Corinth, October,
1862, won him the rank of major-general of vol
unteers, and after the fall of Vicksburg he received
the commission of brigadier-general of the regular
army. He succeeded Major-General William T.
Sherman in the command of the Army of the Ten
nessee, March 12, 1864, and was killed at the
battle of Atlanta, July 22, 1864.

MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN A. LOGAN was born in
Jackson County, Illinois, February 9, 1826. He
served in the Mexican War, rising from a private
to the rank of second lieutenant. He was after
ward admitted to the bar and finally reached
Congress. During his term here the Civil War
broke out and he enlisted and fought at Bull Hun.
Returning to the West, he raised the Thirty-first
Illinois Infantry, afterward becoming its colonel.
He was wounded at Fort Donelson and shortly
afterward was made major-general of volunteers.
In the Vicksburg campaigns he commanded a divi
sion of the Seventeenth Corps. In 1863, lie took
command of the Fifteenth Corps and served in the
Atlanta campaign and led his troops through the
Carolinas. He was made head of the Department
of the Tennessee May 19, 1865. He was elected
to the United States Senate in 1871, and was de
feated for the vice-presidency of the United States
on the Republican ticket of 1884. He died in
Washington, December 26, 1886.

MAJOR-GENERAT, OLIVER OTIS HOWARD (U.S.
M.A. 1854) was born in Leeds, Maine, November
8, 1830. He served as chief of ordnance, and as
first lieutenant taught mathematics at West Point

until the Civil War broke out, when he left the
regular army to command the Third Maine Vol
unteers. He headed a brigade in the first battle
of Bull Run and was promoted to brigadier-gen
eral of volunteers in September, 1861. At Fair
Oaks, where he lost his right arm, he achieved dis
tinction as an able fighter. After Antietam, he
commanded a division of the Second Corps, and
later, as major-general of volunteers, the corps
itself for a short time. On April 2, 1863, the
Eleventh Corps was given him, and it was these
troops that were so badly routed by " Stonewall "
Jackson at Chancellorsville. In September, 1863,
Howard and his corps were transferred to the
Army of the Cumberland, in which he became
leader of the Fourth Corps, April, 1864. How
ard's services at Gettysburg, Lookout Mountain,
and Missionary Ridge were conspicuous. He ac
companied Sherman to the relief of Knoxvillc, and
fought in all the battles of the Atlanta campaign,
succeeding Major-General McPherson to the com
mand of the Army of the Tennessee, and marching
with Sherman through Georgia and the Carolinas.
After the close of the war he commanded the
Ncz Pcrce Indian expedition of 1877, the Ban
nock, and Piutc campaigns, and from 1880 to
1882, was superintendent of the Military Acad
emy, West Point. He was (1865-74) commis
sioner of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and
Abandoned Lands, and in 1895 founded the Lin
coln Memorial University and the industrial school
at Cumberland Gap, Tennessee. Major-General
Howard was a noted total-abstinence advocate and
was much interested in Sunday-school work. He
was retired with full rank in 1894, and he died at
Burlington, Vermont, October, 26, 1909.

Army of

o anb Army of

THE DEPARTMENT OF KENTUCKY, which consti
tuted the whole of that State within a hundred
miles of the Ohio River, was merged in the Depart
ment of the Cumberland, comprising the States
of Kentucky and Tennessee, August 15, 1861. On
November 9th, it was renamed the Department of
the Ohio, the States of Ohio, Michigan, and In
diana being added. The troops in this region
(over whom McClellan, Rosecrans, O. M. Mitchcl,
Robert Anderson, and W. T. Sherman had, at
different times and places, control) were now
organized into the Army of the Ohio, with Major-
General Don Carlos Buell in command. Although

the department was merged into that of Missis
sippi in March, 1862, the Army of the Ohio re
tained its name. This was the body that brought
such timely assistance to Grant at Shiloh and drove
Bragg out of Kentucky. The army was organized
into three corps in September, 1862, but the
following month (October 24th) the Depart
ment of the Cumberland was recreated to consist
of eastern Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia, and
the Army of the Ohio, which had operated chiefly
in that region, now became officially the Four
teenth Army Corps, but better known as the Army
of the Cumberland. On October 30th, Buell was
170]

GEORGE HENRY THOMAS

Commander of the Army of the Cumberland in the Ten
nessee and Georgia Campaigns, including Stone's
River, Chickamauga, Chattanooga and Atlanta.

JOHN ALEXANDER LOGAN

Commander of the Army of the Tennessee in Front of

Atlanta. He subsequently resumed Command of a

Corps and Led it Through the Carolinas.

MAJOR-GENERALS

THOMAS

LOGAN

HOWARD

ARMY OF THE

CUMBERLAND

AND ARMY OF

THE TENNESSEE

OLIVER OTIS HOWARD

Commander of the Army of the Tennessee in Part

of the Atlanta Campaign and in the March

Through Georgia and the Carolinas.

Armg at tty ©Jjto and Armg of tty

replaced by Major-General W. S. Rosecrans, and
the Fourteenth Corps was reorganized into the
Right Wing, Center, and Left Wing, later the
Fourteenth, Twentieth, and Twenty-first Army
corps. The last two were afterward consolidated
as the Fourth Corps. With this army, Rosecrans
fought the battle of Stone's River, drove Bragg
across the Tennessee, and was defeated at Chicka-
mauga. Major-General George H. Thomas suc
ceeded to the command October 20, 1863. The
army distinguished itself on Missionary Ridge and
through the Atlanta campaign (as a part of the
Military Division of the Mississippi), and in the
campaign against Hood in Tennessee. The army
had four divisions of cavalry. It had a reserve
corps for a short time, and received two corps from
the Army of the Potomac, which were finally con
solidated into the reorganized Twentieth Corps.

MAJOR-GENERAL Dox CARLOS BUELL (U.S.
M.A. 184-1) was born March 23, 1818, near
Marietta, Ohio, and served in the Mexican War.
When the Civil War broke out he assisted in the
organization of volunteers, and in November,
1861, took charge of the Department and Army
of the Ohio. He was soon raised to the rank of
major-general of volunteers. His last service in
this army was the driving of Bragg out of Ken
tucky, for this, with the preceding Tennessee
campr/gn during the summer of 1862, aroused
such criticism that he was replaced, October 30th,
by Major-General Rosecrans and tried before a
military commission. An adverse report was
handed in, and Buell resigned from the army
June 1, 1864. He then became president of the
Green River Iron Company, and, 1885-89, was
pension-agent at Louisville. He died near Rock-
port, Kentucky, November 19, 1898.

MAJOR-GENERAL WILLIAM STARKE ROSECRANS
(U.S. M.A. 184-2) was born at Kingston, Ohio,
September 6, 1818. He served in the Engineer
Corps and as assistant professor at West Point.
In 1854, he resigned from the army to practise
architecture and civil engineering, but at the out
break of the Civil War he tendered his services to
the Government and was made brigadier-general
of the regular army, and major-general of volun
teers in March, 1862. He succeeded McClellan
at the head of the army of occupation in western
Virginia after his victory at Rich Mountain, and
held it until Major-General Fremont took charge
of the Mountain Department, March 29, 1862.
From June 26th until the end of October, Rose

crans was Pope's successor in the Army of the
Mississippi and, taking command of the District
of Corinth, he defeated the Confederate forces at
luka and Corinth. He now replaced Buell in the
Army of the Cumberland. As general command
ing he won the battle of Stone's River, but was
defeated at Chickamauga, and was succeeded by
Major-General George H. Thomas. He then
spent a year in command of the Department of
Missouri, during which he drove Price out of the
State, and on December 9, 1864-, was relieved of
active command. After resigning his commission,
in 1866, he was United States minister to Mexico,
and was in Congress from 1881 to 1885. In 1889,
Congress restored him to the rank and pay of
brigadier-general. He died at Redondo, Cali
fornia, March 11, 1898.

MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE HENRY THOMAS (U.
S.M.A. 184-0) was born in Southampton County,
Virginia, July 31,1816. He served in the Seminole
and Mexican wars, and had risen to the grade of
lieutenant-colonel when the Civil War broke out.
In August, 1861, he was made brigadier-general
of volunteers. His first services in the war were
rendered in the Departments of Pennsylvania and
of the Shenandoah. His division of the Army of
the Ohio defeated the Confederate forces at Mill
Springs, Kentucky, January 19, 1862. This vic
tory first brought him into notice, and shortly
afterward he was made major-general of volun
teers. He was put at the head of the Center
(Fourteenth Corps) of the reorganized Army of
the Cumberland, and in October, 1863, he assumed
the chief command, distinguishing himself at Mis
sionary Ridge, in the Atlanta campaign, and in
the crushing defeat of Bragg at Nashville. He
was promoted to major-general in the regular
army for his services at Nashville, December 15,
1864-. He narrowly escaped this honor, for, impa
tient at his delay in attacking Hood — a delay oc
casioned by the very inclement weather — Grant
had sent Major-General Logan to relieve him, and
the latter was on the way. He had also shown
himself a gallant fighter in the earlier battles of
Stone's River, and Chickamauga, where he held the
left wing of the army against tremendous odds.
This feat is considered one of the most glorious of
the whole war. With the right wing of the army
routed and in utter confusion, Thomas kept his
position against the whole of Bragg's army until
ordered to withdraw. He declined the brevet of
lieutenant-general, which President Johnson of
fered him in 1868. Two years later he died in
San Francisco, March 28, iS70.

172]

JOHN MCALLISTER SCHOFIELD

Commander of the Army of the Frontier and of the
Department and Army of the Ohio.

DON CARLOS BUELL

Commander of the Army of the Ohio in the Shiloh
Campaign and Afterward of a Department.

JOHN POPE

Commander of the Army of Virginia, June to Sep
tember, 1802, Including Second Bull Run.

WILLIAM STARKE ROSE! RAXS

Commander of the Army of the Ohio (Cumberland) in
the Campaign of Stone's River and Chickamauga.

COMMANDERS OF THE ARMIES OF THE OHIO AND VIRGINIA

Army nf

THE DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO having been
merged in that of Mississippi, March, 1862, it
was recreated on August 19th, to consist of the
States of Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wis
consin, and Kentucky, east of the Tennessee
River, and Major-General H. G. Wright was
placed at the head. The troops of the depart
ment were scattered through many districts. Some
of the brigades constituted the Army of Kentucky,
of which Major-General Gordon Granger was in
command. Wright was replaced March 25, 1863,
by Major-General A. K. Burnside, and shortly
afterward the troops in the department were re-
organixed into the Twenty-third Army Corps,
and this force is the Army of the Ohio associated
with the Knoxville, Atlanta, and Nashville cam
paigns. The Ninth Corps was attached to the de
partment from March, 1863, to March, 1864.
Burnside was succeeded in turn by Major-Gen-
erals J. G. Foster, J. M. Schofield, and George
Stoneman. A cavalry division organized in April,
1864, was headed by Major-General Stoneman,
and afterward by Colonels Capron and Garrard.
On January 17, 1865, the troops still in the de
partment (the Twenty-third Corps having gone

to North Carolina) were annexed to the Depart
ment of the Cumberland.

MAJOK-GKNERAL JOHX MCALLISTER SCHO
FIELD (U.S.M.A. 1853) was born in Chautauqua
County, New York, September 29, 1831. After
garrison duty in Florida and South Carolina, he
held the chair of natural philosophy at West
Point and later at Washington University, St.
Louis, where the outbreak of the Civil War found
him. He had command of the District of St. Louis,
Department of Missouri ; Army of the Frontier ;
of a division in the Fourteenth Corps ; the De
partment and Army of the Ohio, and of the Twen
ty-third Corps, which was transferred to North
Carolina late in the war. He was made major-
general of volunteers in November, 1862. His
most noteworthy active services were rendered
during the Atlanta campaign and at the battle
of Franklin. After the Civil War he was Sec
retary of War ad interim, after the resignation of
General Grant. He was commander of the United
States army from 1888 to 1895, rising to the rank
of lieutenant-general, at which he was retired in
September, 1895. He died at St. Augustine, Flor
ida, March 4, 1906.

Army 0f tlje

THE ARMY OF THE MISSISSIPPI had a short ex
istence, being organized February 23d, and dis
continued October 26, 1862. Its first commander
was Major-General John Pope, who was suc
ceeded, June 26th, by Major-General W. S. Rose-
crans. This army consisted of five divisions, a

flotilla brigade, and several brigades of cavalry,
and operated on the Mississippi in the spring of
1862, capturing Island No. 10; before Corinth
in May, 1862, and at luka and Corinth in Sep
tember and October, 1862. Most of the troops
went into the Thirteenth Army Corps.

Army 0f Htrgtma

To OBTAIN CLOSER ORGANIZATION in tllC Various

commands operating in Virginia, President Lin
coln, on June 26, 1862, constituted the Army of
Virginia out of Major-General Fremont's forces
(Mountain Department), those of Major-Gen
eral McDowell (Department of the Rappahan-
nock), those of Major-General Banks (Depart
ment of the Shenandoah), and Brigadier-General
Sturgis' brigade from the Military District of

f

Washington. This last, an unorganized body of
troops, did not join the army at once. Major-
General John Pope was placed at the head of the
new organization, which was divided into three
corps. Exclusive of Sturgis' troops it numbered
between forty and fifty thousand men, and was
augmented later by troops from three corps of
the Army of the Potomac. A corps of the Army of
Virginia* checked " Stonewall " Jackson's advance

174

FEDERAL

MAJOR-GENERALS

COMMANDING

ARMIES

of th

Carr. Commander of the Army
Southwest; Led Troops at
'

Wilson's Creek and Pea Ridge.

Quincy Adams Gillmore, Commander of th<

Department and Army of the South

at the Sie£,e of Charleston.

Frederick Steele, Commander of the Army Benjamin Franklin Butler, Com- Gordon Granger, Commander of the Aimy

of Arkansas; Engaged at Little
Roek.

mander of the Department and
Army of the Gulf in 1862, and
of the Army of the James
in 186 4. With this Army
he Operated Against Rich
mond in May and June.

of Kentucky in 1802; Noted at
Chickamauga.

OPERATING

ON THE GULF

AND ALONG THE

WESTERN FRONTIER

James G. Blunt. Commander in Kansa.

and of the Army of the Frontier; at

Prairie Grove.

David Hunter, Head of a Division at Bull

Run and later of the Department

of the South.

Armg

at Cedar Mountain, on August 9th, but the entire
organization was defeated at Manassas by Jack
son and Longstreet, August 29th and 30th, and
withdrew to the lines of Washington. On Septem
ber 12th, the Army of Virginia was merged in the
Army of the Potomac.

MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN POPE (U.S.M.A. 1842)
was born in Louisville, Kentucky, March 16, 1822.
He served in the Mexican War, rising to the rank
of captain. After this he did much work on en
gineering service in connection with the develop
ment of the West. When the Civil War broke out,
Pope was sent to Cairo, Illinois, and later to
command the troops in northern Missouri. From
February to June, 1862, he headed the newly

created Army of the Mississippi, during which
time he was made major-general of volunteers and
brigadier-general of the regular army. His most
notable achievement was the capture of Island
No. 10, as a result of which he was put in com
mand of the Army of Virginia, June 26, 1862.
The reverse of Second Bull Run caused him to ask
to be relieved of this command, and he was sent to
the Department of the Northwest, to carry on the
war against the Sioux Indians. He headed other
departments in the West until he was retired, in
1886. His last command was the Department of
the Pacific. He was brevetted major-general in
March, 1865, for his services at Island No. 10, and
received the full rank in 1882. Major-General
Pope died at Sandusky, Ohio, September 23, 1892.

Army 0f tlj?

CREATED December 25, 1861, from troops in
portions of the Department of Missouri. It was
merged in the District of Eastern Arkansas, De
partment of Tennessee, December 13, 1862, and
was commanded during its existence by Brigadier-
Generals S. R. Curtis, Frederick Steele, E. A.
Carr, and W. A. Gorman. This army fought
many minor but important engagements in Mis
souri and Arkansas, including Bentonville, Sugar
Creek, and Pea Ridge.

MAJOR-GENERAL SAMUEL RYAN CURTIS (U.S.
M.A. 1831) was born near Champlain, New York,
February, 1807, and resigned from the army to
become a civil engineer and, later, a lawyer. He
served as colonel of volunteers in the Mexican
War, and afterward went to Congress. He was
made brigadier-general of volunteers in May,
1861, and was commander of the Army of the
Southwest from December, 1861, to August, 1862.
He conducted an active campaign against Van
Dorn and Price, during which he won the battle of
Pea Ridge, March 7-8, 1862, and was made major-
general of volunteers that same month. Later,
he was unable to hold Arkansas and was compelled
to march to the Mississippi River. He was in
command of the Department of Missouri, Sep
tember, 1862, to May, 1863, and of Kansas, Jan
uary, 1864, to January, 1865, after which he was
at the head of that of the Northwest. He nego
tiated treaties with several Indian tribes, and was
mustered out of the volunteer service April 30,

1866. He died at Council Bluffs, Iowa, Decem
ber 26, 1866.

MAJOR-GENERAL FREDERICK STEELE (U.S.M.
A. 1843) was born in Delhi, New York, January
14, 1819, and served in the Mexican War. He was
a major when the Civil War broke out and
rose to be major-general of volunteers in No
vember, 1862. Steele served with distinction in
Missouri, and was given a division in the Army
of the Southwest in May, 1862. For a short time,
he had command of the army itself. When it was
broken up, he was finally transferred into the De
partment of the Tennessee, having a division on
Sherman's Yazoo Expedition, McClernand's Army
of the Mississippi, and the new Fifteenth Army
Corps, with which he took part in the Vicks-
burg campaign. In August, 1863, he was given
charge of the Arkansas Expedition, which devel
oped into the Seventh Army Corps, at the head of
which he remained until December, 1864. He
was given a separate command in the district, of
West Florida, and assisted Major-General Gor
don Granger at the final operations around Mo
bile. After muster-out from the volunteer service,
he returned to the regular army as colonel, having
already received the brevet of major-general for
the capture of Little Rock. He died at San
Mateo, California, January 12, 1868.

MAJOR-GF.NERAL EUGENE ASA CARR (U.S.M.
A. 1850) was born in Erie County, New York, in

17t>

GEORGE CROOK

Commander of the Array of West Vir
ginia in 1864. Later Crook led a
Cavalry Division under Sheridan in the
Appomattox Campaign at Five Forks
and during the pursuit of Lee.

JOHN

FREMOXT

Commander of the Mountain De
partment and Army in West Virginia in
1862. Fremont was in Command in
Missouri in 1861 and at one time gave
orders to Brigadier-General Grant.

NATHANIEL PRENTISS BANKS

Commander of the Department and
Army of the Shenandoah in 1862
and of the Army of the Gulf in
1863-4. With this Army Banks
captured Port Hudson in 1863.

PHILIP HENRY SHERIDAN

Commander of the Army of Shenan
doah in 1864. Sheridan Led a
Division at Chickamauga and Chat
tanooga and Commanded the Cav
alry Corps of the Army of the Po
tomac in the Wilderness Campaign.

HENRY WARNER SLOCt M

Commander of the Army of Georgia
in the Carolinas. Slocum Com
manded the Twelfth Corps, Army
of the Potomac, at Chancellors-
ville and Gettysburg and the Twen
tieth Corps in Front of Atlanta.

JOHN A. McCLERNAND

Commander of the Army of the
Mississippi in 1862-3. McClernand
Led Troops at Shiloh and later Com
manded the Army of the Mississippi
operating against Vicksburg; Head
of a Corps in Grant's Siege.

COMMANDERS OF THE ARMIES OF WEST VIRGINIA, SHENANDOAH.

GEORGIA AND MISSISSIPPI

Avmg of Ural Hirgtnta

1830, and served in the mounted rifles in Indian
warfare until the opening of the Civil War, when
he became colonel in the Illinois cavalry. His ap
pointment of brigadier-general of volunteers was
dated March 7, 1862. His service was chiefly
in the Southwest, in the Army of the Southwest,
the Thirteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth corps,
the Districts of Arkansas, and of Little Rock.
For short periods he was at the head of the Army
of the Southwest and of the left wing of the Six
teenth Corps. His gallant and meritorious serv

ice in the field won him a medal of honor and suc
cessive brevets in the regular army, and he showed
especial bravery and military ability at Wilson's
Creek, Pea Ridge, Black River Bridge, and the
capture of Little Rock. He was mustered out of
the volunteer service in January, 1866, with the
brevet of major-general in the regular army. He
returned to the army, and consinued in service on
the frontier. In 1892, he was made brigadier-
general and was retired February 15, 1893. He
died in Washington, D. C., December 2, 1910.

Army 0f Wv&t Htrgmta

THE TROOPS in the Department of West Vir
ginia were taken from the Eighth Army Corps
when the department was reorganized, June 28,
1863. The department commanders were Brig
adier-General B. F. Kelley, Major-Generals Franz
Sigel, David Hunter, George Crook, Brigadier-
General J. D. Stevenson, Brevet Major-General
S. S. Carroll, and Major-Generals W. S. Hancock
and W. H. Emory. In the campaign against
lieutenant-General Early (June-October, 1864),
the two divisions (about seventy-five hundred men)
under Crook were called the Army of West Vir
ginia. This force was prominent at the Opequon,
Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek, and other engage
ments. After the campaign, the troops returned
to the various districts in the department.

MAJOR-GENERAL DAVID HUNTER (U.S.M.A.
1822) was born in Washington, July 21, 1802,
and rose to rank of major in the Mexican War.
As brigadier-general of volunteers, he commanded
the Second Division at Bull Run, where he was
severely wounded. Shortly afterward, he was
made major-general of volunteers. He succeeded
Fremont in the Western Department, and was at
the head of the Department of Kansas, November,
1861, to March, 1862, then of the South, until
September, and of the Tenth Corps from January

to June, 1863, and in May, 1864, he succeeded
Major-General Sigel in the command of the De
partment of West Virginia. Hunter was the first
general to enlist colored troops, and presided at
the court which tried the Lincoln conspirators.
He was retired in 1866, having been brevetted
major-general, and died in Washington, February
2, 1886.

MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE CROOK (U.S.M.A.
1852) was born near Dayton, Ohio, September 8,
1828. He spent the nine years before the opening
of the Civil War in California. As brigadier-
general of volunteers in the Army of the Cum
berland, he commanded a division of cavalry. He
succeeded Major-General David Hunter in the
command of the Department of West Virginia
in August, 1864, and shortly afterward was made
major-general of volunteers. He was active in
the Shenandoah campaign under Sheridan ; also
at Five Forks and Appomattox. In 1866, as
lieutenant-colonel of the regular army, he was sent
to the West, where he remained in constant war-
. fare with the Indians for many years. He ob
tained charge of all the tribes and did much for
their advancement. In 1888, he attained the rank
of major-general, and died in Chicago, March 21,
1890.

cf Utrgmta an& Nortlj (Carolina, Armg nf

THE DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA was created in
May, 1861, and the troops therein were, organi/cd
into the Seventh Army Corps on July 22, 1862.
This corps was divided between Fort Monroe,
Norfolk, Portsmouth, Yorktown, and other places.

The Eighteenth Army Corps, created December
24, 1862, from troops in the Department of North
Carolina was transferred to the Department of
Virginia and North Carolina July 15, 1863, when
the two departments were united, and the troops
178]

Jrvin McDowell Commanded the 1st A. A. Humphreys Commanded the John Newton Commanded the 1st

Corps in Front of Washington. 2d Corps at Petersburg. Corps at Gettysburg and After.

Darius N. Couch Commanded the Edwin Vose Sumner Commanded the \VinfieldScottHancock; Under Him
2d Corps at Fredericksburg and 2d Corps on the Peninsula the Second Corps Earned the

Chancellorsville. and in Maryland.

Name "Old Guard."

FEDERAL MAJOR-GENERALS COMMANDING THE FIRST AND SECOND

ARMY CORPS

[D-12]

Army an& Ifcjrarimrnt of tty (Sulf

therein were all merged in the Eighteenth Corps.
This was reorganized in April, 1864, and the Tenth
Corps being transferred from the Department of
the South, the whole force was called the Army of
the James. Its principal commander was Major-
General Benjamin F. Butler, although Major-
Generals E. O. C. Ord and D. B. Birney held com
mand for short periods. On December 3, 1864,
the two corps were discontinued, the white troops
being formed into the Twenty-fourth Army Corps
and the colored into the Twenty-fifth. On Jan
uary 31, 1865, the two departments were again
separated.

MAJOR-GENERAL BENJAMIN FRANKLIN BUTLER
was born in Deerfield, New Hampshire, November
5, 1818, and was graduated from Waterville Col
lege in 1838. He practised law and entered
political life. As a brigadier-general of the Mas
sachusetts State Militia, he answered President
Lincoln's call and was placed in command of the
Department of Annapolis. In May, 1861, he
was made major-general of volunteers and given

the Department of Virginia, and in August led the
troops that assisted in the capture of Forts Hat-
teras and Clark. On March 20, 1862, he was put
in command of the Department of the Gulf and his
troops occupied New Orleans on May 1st. His
army gained possession of most of the lower Mis
sissippi, and in December he was relieved by
Major-General Banks. On November 1st, he as
sumed command of the Department of Virginia
and North Carolina and personally led the Eight
eenth Corps (Army of the James) until May 2,
1864. He was sent to New York city in October
to cope with the anticipated disturbance during
the presidential election. Following an unsuc
cessful expedition (December 1864) against Fort
Fisher, he was removed by Lieutenant-Gcneral
Grant. He was elected to Congress as a Repub
lican, in 1866. In 1883, he was Democratic
governor of Massachusetts, and in the following
year was the unsuccessful presidential candidate
of the Greenback-Labor and Anti-Monopolist par
ties. He died in Washington, January 11,
1893.

Armg

0f (Sttlf

CONSTITUTED February 23, 1862, comprising,
in a general way, the territory of the Gulf States
occupied by the Federal troops. Major-General
Benjamin F. Butler was the first commander. He
was followed by Major-Generals N. P. Banks,
S. A. Hurlbut, and E. R. S. Canby, who com
manded after the close of the war. There were, at
first, many separate bodies of troops scattered
over the department. One of these, the Nine
teenth Army Corps, was organized in January,
1863, and was discontinued as a corps in this
department November 7, 1864. The Thirteenth
Army Corps joined this army from that of the
Tennessee in August, 1863, and remained until
June, 1864. A detachment of the Sixteenth Corps,
also from the Army of the Tennessee, joined for
the Red River expedition, in March, 1864. On
May 7, 1864, the Department of the Gulf was
merged in the Military Division of West Missis
sippi, but retained a separate existence.

MAJOR-GENERAL NATHANIEL PRENTISS BANKS
was bor*j* in Waltham, Massachusetts, January
30, 181 He received a common-school educa
tion, practised law, and was a prominent mem
ber of Congress from 1853 to 1857. He was

governor of Massachusetts from 1858 until 1861,
and when the Civil War broke out he was presi
dent of the Illinois Central Railroad Company,
but immediately offered his services to the Gov
ernment. He was made major-general of volun
teers, and was appointed to the command of the
Department of Annapolis, and then to the De
partment of the Shcnandoah. In the organiza
tion of the Army of the Potomac in March, 1862,
he was assigned to the Fifth Corps, but his force
was detached April 4, 1862, and remained in the
Shenandoah Valley, where Banks had command
until that corps was merged in the Army of Vir
ginia, June 26, 1862. After the Army of Vir
ginia was discontinued, Banks was at the head
of the Military District of Washington until Oc
tober 27, 1862. He succeeded Major-General
B. F. Butler in command of the Department of
the Gulf, and was actively engaged along the
lower Mississippi and Red rivers. He resigned
his commission after the disastrous Red River
expedition of 1864, and was reelected to Con
gress. In 1890, owing to an increasing mental
disorder, he was obliged to retire from public life.
He died at his home in Waltham, September 1,
1894.

180]

TWO COMMANDERS

OF THE

THIRD ARMY CORPS,
SICKLES

AND
IIEINTZLEMAN

Daniel E. Sickles
Commanded t h e
Third Corps at
Chancellors v il le
and Gettysburg.

S. P. Heintzelman
Led the Third Corps
at Fair Oaks and
Second Bull Run.

FEDERAL

MAJOR-
GENERALS

COMMANDERS OF THE

THIRD AND FOURTH

ARMY CORPS

W. H. French Commanded the

Third Corps in the Mine

Run Campaign.

T. J. Wood Commanded the Fourth Corps
(West) at Nashville, 1804.

Erasmus D. Keyes Commanded the Fourth
Corps (East) on the Peninsula.

Army uf

MAJOR-GENERAL EDWARD RICHARD SPRIGG
CANBY (U.S.M.A. 1839) was born in Kentucky
in 1819. Entering the army, he served in the Semi-
nole and Mexican wars. When the Civil War broke
out, he served first as colonel in New Mexico, held
that territory for the Union, and prevented a Con
federate invasion of California. Then, for some
time, he was on special duty in the North and
East. In May, 1864, with the rank of major-
general of volunteers, he assumed command of
the Military Division of West Mississippi. He
captured Mobile, April 12, 1865, and the follow
ing month arranged for the surrender of the Con
federate forces in the Trans-Mississippi Depart
ment. June 3, 1865, he succeeded to the command
of the Army and Department of the Gulf. After
the close of the war he was made brigadier-gen
eral in the regular army, and was put in com
mand of the Department of the Columbia. While
engaged in attempting to settle difficulties between
the Government and the Modoc Indians, he was
treacherously murdered by their chief, April 11,
1873.

MAJOR-GENERAL GORDON GRANGER (U.S.M.A.
1845) was born in New York city in 1821, and
served in the Mexican War and on the South
western frontier. When the Civil War broke out,

he was made captain and rose through successive
grades until his appointment of major-general of
volunteers was dated September 17, 1862. He
fought at Wilson's Creek, and later commanded
the cavalry and had a brigade in the Army of the
Mississippi. Then he had charge of the so-called
Army of Kentucky, from August to October, 1862,
and served in the Department of the Ohio until
put in charge of the newly organi/ed Reserve
Corps of the Army of the Cumberland. At Chick-
amauga, he rendered most timely assistance to
Thomas and won a brevet of lieutenant-colonel in
the regular army. He was the first commander
of the new Fourth Corps until April, 1864, when
he was sent to command the district of South Ala
bama, the troops of which were merged in the
Reserve Corps, Department of the Gulf (after
ward called New Thirteenth Army Corps) of
which Granger took command in January, 1865.
He commanded the land forces at the fall of Forts
Morgan and Gaines (August, 1864), and in the
operations around Mobile that resulted in its cap
ture, April, 1865. After the war, Major-General
Granger was mustered out of the volunteer service
and received the commission of colonel in the
regular army. He was brevetted major-general
in March, 1865. He died in Santa Fe, New Mex
ico, January 10, 1876.

of

THE FOURTEENTH AND TWENTIETH ARMY
CORPS on the march to the sea and through the
Carolinas (November 1864-April 1865) were so
known. This force was commanded by Major-Gen-
eral Henry W. Slocum, and constituted the left
wing of Sherman's army.

MAJOR-GENERAL HENRY WARNKR SLOCUM
(U.S.M.A. 1852) was born in Delphi, New York,
September 24, 1827, and, beginning the practice
of law at Syracuse, New York, he resigned his
commission as first lieutenant in 1855. At the
outbreak of the Civil War, he joined McDowell's
troops as colonel of the Twenty-seventh New York
Volunteers, and at Bull Run was severely wounded.
In August, 1861, as brigadier-general of volun
teers, he commanded a brigade of Franklin's Di
vision of the Army of the Potomac, and later had
a division in the Sixth Corps. At Gaines' Mill and
Glendalc, General Slocum took a prominent part,
and after the battle of Malvern Hill he was pro

moted. As major-general of volunteers, he was
given the Twelfth Corps in October, 1862. He
fought with the armies of the Potomac and of
Virginia, and was sent by Major-General Meadc
to command the army on the first day of Get
tysburg. He went West with his corps, and was
commanding at Tullahoma during the battle of
Chattanooga. For short periods, in 1864 and
1865, he had charge of the District of Vicks-
burg. In the Atlanta campaign, he was in com
mand of the Twentieth Corps and during the
march to the sea and the Georgia and Carolina
campaigns, he was at the head of the Army of
Georgia, which formed the left wing of General
Sherman's army. At the battle of Bentonville,
North Carolina, General Slocum repulsed John
ston's attack, and later was present at the sur
render of the Confederate Army. He resigned his
commission in 1865, and devoted himself to the
law. He died in Brooklyn, New York, April 14,
1894.
182]

Fitz John Porter Commanded the
Fifth Corps on the Peninsula.

George Sykes Commanded the Fifth
Corps at Gettysburg.

William Farrar Smith Led the
Sixth Corps at Frederieksburg.

FEDERAL MAJOR-GENERALS
COMMANDERS OF THE FIFTH AND SIXTH ARMY CORPS

Horatio G. Wright Commanded the

Sixth Corps in the Shenandoah

and Petersburg Campaigns.

William Buel Franklin Commanded Gouverneur Kemble Warren, Long

the Sixth Corps on the Peninsula Associated with the Fifth Corps,

and at Antietam under McClellan. finally as Corps Commander.

Armg of ilj?

A FORCE belonging to the Middle Military Di
vision, organized for Major-General P. H. Sheri
dan, in August, 1864, in order to drive Lieuten-
ant-Gcncral Early from the Shenandoah valley.
It consisted of the Sixth Corps from the Army of
the Potomac, and a detachment of the Nineteenth
Corps, Army of the Gulf. There was also a cav
alry corps made up of two divisions of the cavalry
of the Army of the Potomac. With it acted the
troops of the Department of West Virginia, a

force created from the Eighth Corps (Middle
Department), and sometimes called the Army of
West Virginia, under the command of Major-
General George Crook. Major-General Wright
of the Sixth Corps had charge of the Army of
the Shenandoah for a few days in October, 1864,
and Major-General A. T. A. Torbert assumed
the command in February, 18(55, when Sheridan
rejoined the Army of the Potomac with the cav
alry.

Army of ilt£

THE FIELD FORCES in Missouri and Kansas
were organized into the Army of the Frontier on
October 12, 1862. It was commanded by Major-
Generals J. M. Schofield and F. J. Herron, and
by Major-General James G. Blunt temporarily.
It was very active during its existence, and fought
many minor engagements in the Southwest, in
cluding Clark's Mill, Missouri, and Prairie Grove,
Arkansas, and the capture of Van Buren, Arkan
sas. The army went out of existence June 5,
1863, and its troops were scattered among the dis
tricts in Tennessee and Missouri.

MAJOR-GENERAL FRANCIS JAY HERRON was
born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1837, and
gave up his business career in Iowa to go to the
front as lieutenant-colonel of an Iowa regiment.
He served in the Army of the Southwest, and was
captured at Pea Ridge after conduct that brought
him great praise and a medal of honor. He was
given a division of the Army of the Frontier,
which lie commanded at Prairie Grove. From
March to June, 1863, he was, as major-general of
volunteers, at the head of the army itself. Later,
as division commander of the Thirteenth Corps,
he was present at the fall of Vicksburg, and also
held command in Texas and at Port Hudson. He

received the surrender of the Confederate forces
west of the Mississippi in May, 1865. He resigned
from the service in June, 1865, and practised law
in New Orleans and New York. He died Jan
uary 8, 1902.

MAJOR-GENERAL JAMES G. BLUNT was born in
Trenton, Maine, in 1826, and became a physician.
He settled in Kansas, where he became prominent
for his work in the anti-slavery movement. He
went to the Civil War as lieutenant-colonel and
was made brigadier-general of volunteers in April,
1862. He was placed at the head of the Depart
ment of Kansas on May 5, 1862, and when that
department was merged in that of Missouri, on
September 19th, he was given a division in the
Army of the Frontier. On December 7th, his
division and that of Brigadier-General F. J. Her
ron checked, at Prairie Grove, Arkansas, the ad
vance of Major-General Hindman into Missouri.
Blunt was senior officer in command of both divi
sions in the battle. From June, 1863 to January,
1864, he was at the head of the District of the
Frontier, that army having been broken up. From
October, 1864, to the end of the war he command
ed the District of South Kansas. He died in
Washington, I). C., July 25, 1881.

Army: of tlje iHomttaiu

CREATED March 11, 1862, from the Depart- against "Stonewall" Jackson in the Shenandoah
mcnt of Western Virginia. On March 29th, Brig- vallejT, and its principal engagements were those

at McDowell and Cross Keys. On June 26, 1862,
the Mountain Department became the First Corps,

adier-General Rosecrans turned over the troops
therein to Major-General John C. Fremont.
This force co-operated with Banks and McDowell

Army of Virginia.

184]

John A. Dix Commanded the Seventh Corps
(East) in 1862.

Robert C. Schenck Commanded the Eighth
Corps in 1863.

FEDERAL
MAJOR-
GENERALS
COMMANDERS
OF THE
SEVENTH,

EIGHTH

AND NINTH

ARMY

CORPS

J. J. Reynolds Commanded the Seventh
Corps (West) in 1864.

John E. Wool Commanded the Eighth Corps
in 1862.

John G. Parke Commanded the Ninth Corps
at Petersburg.

Orlando B. Willcox Commanded the Ninth
Army Corps in 1863-4.

3Ftrst Army

MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN CHARLES FREMONT
was born in Savannah, Georgia, January 21,
1813. He became professor of mathematics in
the United States navy, and was commissioned
second lieutenant in the Corps of Topographical
Engineers, in 1838. He conducted several ex
ploring expeditions to the Far West, during one
of which he fomented a revolt against Mexican
rule in California and raised the Bear Flag in
that region. Later, he assisted in the Mexican
War and was made civil governor of California
by Commodore Stockton. Trouble arose between
him and General Kearny, who had been charged
with the establishment of the Government, which
resulted in a court martial and Fremont's resigna
tion from the army. He settled in California,
represented that State in the Senate, and was the

unsuccessful Republican candidate for President,
in 1856. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he
was appointed major-general, and on July 25,
1861, put at the head of the Western Department,
with headquarters at St. Louis, where lie made an
attempt to free the slaves of Southern sympathiz
ers. This act led to his removal in November, and
the following March he was given command of the
newly created Mountain Department. He refused
to serve as corps commander under Major-Gen
eral Pope when his troops were merged in the
Army of Virginia. He resigned from the army
in June, 1864. He became interested in railroad
building and was governor of Arizona (1878-
1882). In 1890, he was reappointed major-gen
eral and was retired with that rank on April 28th.
He died July 13, 1890.

Armg

THE FIRST ARMY CORPS was originally planned
to consist of the troops of the Mountain Depart
ment, earlier known as the Department of West
ern Virginia, under command of Brigadier-Gen
eral W. S. Rosecrans, but by order of the Presi
dent, the First Corps, from troops of the Army of
the Potomac, was placed under command of Major-
General Irvin McDowell, March 13, 1862. ' On
April 4th, the First Corps was discontinued and the
troops sent to the Department of the Rappahan-
nock, and then in turn merged in the Army of
Virginia, as the Third Corps, on June 26, 1862.
The First Corps, Army of the Potomac, was re
created September 12, 1862, from the troops of
the Third Corps, Army of Virginia, coming
successively under command of Major-General
Joseph Hooker, Brigadier-General George G.
Meade, Brigadier-General J. S. Wadsworth, Ma
jor-Generals J. F. Reynolds, Abner Doubleday,
and John Newton. This corps rendered gallant
service at South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericks-
burg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg, among
the more important engagements. It was discon
tinued March 24, 1864, when it became merged
in the Fifth Corps, Army of the Potomac.

MAJOR-GKNKKAL IKVIN Me DOWKM, (U.S.M.A.
1838) was born in Columbus, Ohio, October 15,
1818. He rendered distinguished service in the
Mexican War. As brigadier-general at the head
of the Department of Northeastern Virginia, he

had command of the Union army at First Bull
Run. Afterward, with a commission of major-
general of volunteers, he had a division in the
Army of the Potomac. In further reorganiza
tions and changes he headed his troops as com
mander of the First Corps, Army of the Potomac ;
Department of the Rappahannock, and Third
Corps, Army of Virginia. His conspicuous serv
ices at Cedar Mountain won him the brevet of
major-general, which full rank he attained in
1872. Immediately after Second Bull Run he
was relieved from field service, and was president
of several army boards. In July, 1864, he was
placed at the head of the Department, of the
Pacific, and after the war held various commands.
He was retired in 1882, and died in San Francisco,
May 4, 1885.

MAJOR-GENERAL ABNER DOUBLEDAY (U.S.
M.A. 1842) was born at Ballston Spa, New York,
.June 26, 1819, and served in the Mexican and
Seminolc wars. As captain of the artillery he
was at. Fort Sumter under Major Anderson, and
fired upon the Confederates the first Federal gun
of the Civil War. He served under Major-General
Patterson in the Valley, and on February 3, 1862,
was made brigadier-general of volunteers and
placed in charge of the defenses of Washington.
He had a brigade in the Third Corps, Army of
Virginia, and afterward a division, which he re
tained when the corps again became the First

186

J. M. Brannan Commanded the
Tenth Corps in 1802-63.

FEDERAL
MAJOR
GENERALS

David I?. Birney Commanded
the Tenth Corps in 18(>4.

W. T. H. Brooks Commanded
the Tenth Corps in 18(i4.

COMMANDERS

OF THE
TENTH ARMY CORPS

Ormsby M. Mitchel Commanded the
Tenth Corps in 1862.

Alfred H. Terry Commanded the Tenth
Corps in 1864-65.

Armg

Corps, Army of the Potomac. In November,
1862, he became major-general of volunteers.
He fought at Fredericksburg and Chanccllors-
ville. When Reynolds was killed on the field of
Gettysburg, the command of the First Corps
fell upon him for the day, July 1, 1863, until he
was succeeded by Major-General John Newton.
After being mustered out of the volunteer service,
he served as colonel in the regular army until he
was retired in 1873. He had been brevetted brig
adier and major-general in 1865. Major-General
Doubleday was the author of several important
military works. He died January 27, 1893, at
Mendham, New Jersey.

MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN NEWTON (U.S.M.A.
1842) was born in Norfolk, Virginia, August 24,
1823. After graduation he taught engineering at
West Point for three years, and then devoted him
self to the construction of fortifications. The
outbreak of the Civil War found him chief engi
neer of the Department of Pennsylvania, and he
assisted in preparing the defenses of the national
capital. The rank of brigadier-general of volun
teers was given him in September, 1861, and he
remained with the organization which was eventu
ally the First Corps, Army of the Potomac, as
brigade and division commander, being made ma
jor-general of volunteers in March, 1863. He suc
ceeded to the command of the corps after Reyn
olds' death at Gettysburg, July 1, 1863, and led it
until it was discontinued, March 24, 1864. His ap
pointment as major-general of volunteers expired
in April, 1864, and with his former title he suc
ceeded Sheridan in a division of the Fourth Corps,

Army of the Cumberland. After the war, he con
tinued in the regular army and reached the grade
of brigadier-general in 1884, being retired in
1886. His most renowned achievement was the
removal of the reefs at Hell Gate in the harbor of
New York. General Newton was commissioner
of public works, New York city, from 1887 to
1888, and then president of the Panama Railroad
Company. He died, May 1, 1895.

MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN FULTON REYNOLDS (U.
S.M.A. 1841) was born in Lancaster, Pennsyl
vania, September 20, 1820, and served in the
Mexican War, and in the Rogue River Indian
and Utah expeditions. At the outbreak of the
Civil War, he was commandant at West Point,
but with the rank of brigadier-general of volun-
teers took active part in the operations of the
Army of the Potomac from August, 1861. He
commanded a brigade of the Pennsylvania Re
serves which was merged in the First Corps, Army
of the Potomac. He went with McDowell to the
Department of the Rappahannock but returned
to the Army of the Potomac at the head of a
brigade in the Fifth Corps, for the move to the
James. He was taken prisoner at Glendale but
was exchanged. The brigade joined the Third
Corps, Army of Virginia, in which Reynolds com
manded a division. Again with the Army of the
Potomac, Reynolds was given the First C'orps on
September 29, 1862, and later was made major-
general of volunteers. On the first day of Gettys
burg, July 1, 1863, he was killed by a Confederate
sharpshooter. Reynolds' loss was most keenly
felt in the Federal army.

CREATED by the general order of March 3,
1862, chiefly from Sumner's and Blenker's divi
sions of the Army of the Potomac as constituted
in October, 1861. Major-General Sumner was
its first commander, and his successors were Ma-
jor-Generals D. N. Couch, John Scdgwick, O. O.
Howard, W. S. Hancock, G. K. Warren, D. B.
Birney, A. A. Humphreys, Brevet Major-Gencrals
Gershom Mott, N. A. Miles, and F. C. Barlow,
and Brigadier-Generals John Gibbon, William
Hays, and J. C. Caldwell. The Second Corps was
with the Army of the Potomac all through the war
and took part in all its great engagements. It suf
fered most severely at Antietam. It was discon

tinued June 28, 1865. The Second Corps made a
notable record for itself. One interesting fact is
that until the battle of Spotsylvania, on May 10,
1864, it never lost a gun or a color.

MAJOR-GENERAL EDWIN VOSE SUMNER was
born in Boston, January 30, 1797, enlisting in
the army in 1819. He rendered distinguished
service in the Black Hawk and Mexican wars, and
was military governor of New Mexico from 1851
to 1853. As brigadier-general, he superseded
Brevet Brigadier-General Albert Sidney Johnston
in the command of the Department of the Pacific
in April, 1861. He came East to participate in

[188]

FEDERAL
MAJOR-GENERALS

Franz Sigel Commanded tlu- 1 1th Corps. lnnis M Palmer Commanded the Uth Corps.

COMMANDERS

OF THE

ELEVENTH

TWELFTH

Jeff C. Davis Commanded the 14th Corps. C. C. Washburn Commanded the 13th Corps.

THIRTEENTH

AND

FOURTEENTH
ARMY CORPS

George W. Morgan Commanded the 13th Corps.

Alpheus S. \YilIiams Commanded the 12th Corps

Army dorps

the Civil War, and became the first commander of
the Second Army Corps. He was made major-
general of volunteers, July 4, 1862. He was
wounded in the Peninsula campaign and also at
Antietam. Upon Burnside's reorganization of the
army, he commanded the Right Grand Division.
When Hooker was put at the head, Major-Gen
eral Sumner was relieved at his own request, and
sent to the Department of Missouri. But he died
on the way there, at Syracuse, New York, March
21, 1863.

MAJOR-GENERAL DARIUS NASH COUCH (U.S.
M.A. 1846) was born in Putnam County, New
York, July 23, 1822, and served in the Mexican
and the Serainole wars, being brevetted first lieu
tenant in the former. In 1855, he resigned from
the army and entered mercantile life in New York
city, but returned to his profession at the opening
of the Civil War as colonel of volunteers. He
was identified with the Department and Army of
the Potomac, first as brigade commander (August,
1861— March, 1862), then as division commander
in the Fourth Army Corps to September, 1862,
when he was made major-general of volunteers
and his division was transferred to the Sixth
Corps. In October, 1862, Couch was placed at
the head of the Second Corps, which he led at
Fredericksburg and at Chancellorsvillc. From
June, 1863, to December, 1864, he was at the
head of the Department of the Susquehanna, when
he was given a division of the Twenty-third Army
Corps, and fought at the battle of Nashville. He
resigned from the army in 1865, and was defeated
for governor of Massachusetts on the Democratic
ticket in the same year. Subsequently, he was
collector of the port of Boston, and quartermas
ter-general and adjutant-general of Connecticut.
He died in Norwalk, Connecticut, February 12,
1897.

BRIGADIER-GENERAL WILLIAM HAYS (U.S. M.A.

1840) was born in Richmond, Virginia, in 1819,
and served in the Mexican War. As lieutenant-
colonel he ha«J a brigade of horse artillery in
the Army of the Potomac through the Peninsula
campaign, the artillery reserve at Antietam, and
the artillery of the Right Grand Division at
Fredericksburg. In November, 1862, he was
made brigadier-general of volunteers, and at
Chancellorsville, in command of a brigade in the
Second Army Corps he was wounded and cap
tured. He was 'exchanged, and after the wound
ing of Hancocl at Gettysburg, he had command

of the corps for a short time. Then he spent
some time in the Department of the East and
later had a brigade in the Second Corps. He died
in Fort Independence, Boston Harbor, February

7, 1875.

MAJOR-GENERAL GERSHOM MOTT was born in
Trenton, New Jersey, April 7, 1822, and served
in the Mexican War. He went to the front in
the Civil War as lieutenant-colonel of the Fifth
New Jersey Infantry, and later became colonel
of the Sixth New Jersey. In September, 1862,
he was promoted to brigadier-general of volun
teers, and had a brigade in the Third Corps from
December, 1862, to March, 1864, and then had
consecutively two divisions of the Second Corps.
Several times he took command of the corps dur
ing the absence of Major-General Humphreys.
Mott was brevetted major-general of volunteers
in August, 1864, and received the title May 28,
1865, shortly before being mustered out. After
the war, he was at one time treasurer of the State
of New Jersey, and died in New York city, No
vember 29, 1884.

MAJOR-GENERAL NELSON APPLETON MILES
was born in Westminster, Massachusetts, August

8, 1839. He entered mercantile life, but went to
the front in the Civil War as first lieutenant in the
Twenty-second Massachusetts Infantry, and in
May, 1862, he was made lieutenant-colonel of the
Sixty-first New York Infantry. By September
he had risen to a colonelcy of volunteers. lie
fought with the Army of the Potomac in all its
battles and was wounded at Chancellorsville.
From March to July, 1864, he had a brigade in
the Second Corps and was made brigadier-general
in May. The rank of major-general of volun
teers was given him in October, 1865. After the
war he entered the regular army as colonel, and
his chief service was against the Indians in tin-
West. In the Spanish-American War he com
manded the United States army, and personally
led the Porto Rico expedition, and upon the re
organization of the Army of the United States he-
was appointed lieutenant-general (1900), being
retired with that rank three years later.

MAJOR-GENERAL WINFIELD SCOTT HANCOCK
(U.S. M.A. 1844) was born in Montgomery
Square, Pennsylvania, February 14, 1824. He
served in the Mexican War and in the border
troubles in Kansas, and had risen to the rank of
captain when the Civil War broke out. He was

190]

FEDERAL
MAJOR-
GENERALS

P. J. Osterhaus Commanded the Fifteenth
Corps in 186-t.

S. A. Hurlbut Commanded the Sixteenth
Corps in 1863.

J. A. Mower Commanded the Seventeenth
Corps in the Carolinas.

J. G. Foster Commanded the Eighteenth
Army Corps in 1864.

John H. Martindiile Commanded the Eigh
teenth Corps in Front of Richmond.

COMMANDERS

OF THE

FIFTEENTH

SIXTEENTH

SEVENTEENTH

EIGHTEENTH

AND

NINETEENTH
ARMY ('OKI'S

William H. Kmory Commanded the Nine
teenth Corps in the Shenandoah Valley.

9?rmtii Armg

made brigadier-general of volunteers in Septem
ber, 1861, and had a brigade in the Fourth Army
Corps at Williamsburg, where McClellan called
him " Hancock the Superb." At Antietam, he
distinguished himself, and succeeded Richardson
at the head of a division of the Second Corps. In
November, 1862, he was made major-general of
volunteers. His troops did noteworthy work at
Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, and Hancock
received the Second Corps, in May, 1863. At Get
tysburg, Meade sent him to take charge on the
first day, after Reynolds' death, and on the third
day he himself was severely wounded. In March,

1864, he resumed command of the Second Corps.
He took charge of the Department of West Vir
ginia and Middle Military Division in March,

1865, After the war, he became major-general in

1866, and commanded various departments. He
was an unsuccessful candidate for the presidency
against Garficld. Of Hancock, General Grant
once said: " Hancock stands the most conspicuous
figure of all the general officers who did not ex
ercise a separate command. He commanded a
corps longer than any other one, and his name
was never mentioned as having committed in
battle a blunder for which he was responsible."
He died on Governor's Island, New York, Feb
ruary 9, 1886.

MAJOR-GENERAL ANDREW ATKINSON HUMPH
REYS (U.S.M.A. 1831) was born in Philadelphia,
November 2, 1810. He was closely associated
with engineering and coast-survey work until the
outbreak of the Civil War, when, as major, he be
came a member of Major-General McClellan's
staff. In April, 1862, he was made brigadier-gen
eral of volunteers and was chief topographical
engineer of the Army of the Potomac during the
Peninsula campaign. He had a division of the
Fifth Corps from September, 1862, to May, 1863,
and fought at Fredericksburg and Chancellors
ville. He was then given a division of the Third
Corps, and after Gettysburg was promoted to
major-general of volunteers and made General
Meade's chief of staff. In the final campaign
against Lee, lie had the Second Corps (November,
1864, to June, 1865). After being mustered out
of the volunteer service, September 1, 1866, he
was made brigadier-general and placed at the
head of the Engineer Corps of the United States
army. He was retired in July, 1879, and died
in Washington, December 27, 1883. He received
brevets for gallant and meritorious services at the
battles of Fredericksburg, Va., Gettysburg, Pa.,
and Sailors Creek, Va.

MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN GIBBON (U.S.M.A.
1847) was born in Holmesburg, Pennsylvania,
April 27, 1827, and served in the Mexican War.
Later, he was instructor in artillery practice and
quartermaster at West Point. He had reached the
giade of captain when the Civil War broke out, and
became McDowell's chief of artillery. He was pro
moted to brigadier-general of volunteers in May,
1862. He had a brigade in the Third Corps,
Army of Virginia, and a brigade and division in
the First Corps, Army of the Potomac. He was
given a division in the Second Army Corps,
which he held for the most part until August,

1864. When Hancock was sent by Meade to take
charge at Gettysburg on the first day, Gibbon
was given temporary command of the corps and
was seriously wounded. As major-general of
volunteers, he had command of the Eighteenth
and Twenty-fourth army corps for short periods.
When mustered out of the volunteer service, he
continued in the regular army as colonel, and rose
to be brigadier-general in 1885. He did much In
dian fighting, and in 1891 was retired from active
service. He died in Baltimore, February 6, 1896.

MAJOR-GENERAL FRANCIS CHANNING BARLOW
was born in Brooklyn, New York, October 19,
1834, and was a Harvard graduate of 1855. He
enlisted as a private in the Twelfth New York
Militia, and after the three months' service had
expired, he returned to the field as lieutenant-
colonel of the Sixty-first New York. His rise was
rapid, due to ability displayed in the Army of
the Potomac, and he was made brigadier-general
of volunteers after the battle of Antietam (Sep
tember, 1862), where he was badly wounded. He
had a brigade in the Eleventh Corps at Chan
cellorsville, and a division at Gettysburg, when
he was again badly wounded. On recovery, lie
was assigned to duty in the Department of the
South and afterward given a division in the Sec
ond Army Corps, March 1864, and served until
the Army of the Potomac was discontinued. He
was made major-general of volunteers in May,

1865, for his conspicuous gallantry at the battle
of Spotsylvania. In April and May, 1865, he
had command of the Second Corps. General Bar
low resigned from the army November 16, 1865,
and returned to New York, where he entered polit
ical life and resumed the practice of law. He was
secretary of state of New York 1865-1868, and
attorney-general for New York from 1871 to 1873,
in which capacity he conducted the prosecution
of " Boss " Tweed and other municipal officials.
He died in New York city, January 11, 1896.

192]

FP:DERAL

MAJOR-GENERALS

COMMANDERS

OF

ARMY
CORPS

TWENTIETH

TWENTY-FIRST

TWENTY-SECOND

TWENTY-THIRD

TWENTY-FOURTH

AND

TWENTY-FIFTH
CORPS

A. McD. McCook Commanded the
Twentieth Corps at Chickamauga.

Thos. L. Crittenden Commanded the C. C. Augur Commanded the Twenty- G. L. Hartsuff Commanded the Twenty-
Twenty-first Corps in 18G3. second Corps at Port Hudson. third Corps in 1863.

E. O. C. Ord Commanded the Twenty-
fourth Corps in 186.5.

Godfrey Weitzcl Commanded the
Twenty-fifth Corps in 1864-5.

Army (E0rp0

ON THE REORGANIZATION of the Army of the
Potomac in March, 1862, n body of troops, chiefly
from Heint/elman's, Porter's and Hooker's divi
sions of the earlier organization, was constituted
the Third Army Corps. In May, Porter's men
were transferred to the new provisional Fifth
Army Corps. The future additions to the corps
were chiefly from the Eighth and Twenty-second
corps. The corps fought in the battles of the
Army of the Potomac, and two divisions were sent
to the assistance of the Army of Virginia at Sec
ond Bull Run and Chantilly. On March 24,
186-t, it was merged in the Second Corps. Its
commanders were Brigadier-Generals S. P.
Heintzelman and George Stoneman, and Major-
Generals D. E. Sickles, D. B. Birney, and W. H.
French.

MAJOR-GENERAL SAMUEL PETER HEINTZEL
MAN (U.S.M.A. 1826) was born in Manheim,
Pennsylvania^ September 30, 1805, and served on
the frontier, in Florida, in the Mexican War, and
in California and Texas. At the opening of the
Civil War he was promoted to a colonelcy, and
became inspector-general of the defenses of Wash
ington. In May, 1861, he was placed in com
mand at Alexandria, Virginia. He headed the
Third Division at Bull Run, and in subsequent or
ganizations of the Army of the Potomac he had
a brigade, a division, and afterward the Third
Corps, which he commanded until November,
1862. His conduct, at Fair Oaks won him a brevet
of brigadier-general, for he was now major-gen
eral of volunteers. He fought through the Pen
insula campaign, and was sent to assist Pope at
Second Bull Run and Chantilly. He was in com
mand of the defenses and later of the Depart
ment of Washington (Twenty-second Army
Corps) from September, 1862, to October, 1863.
After this, he took no active part in the war,
but was commander of the Northern Department
from January to October, 1864, and then served
on court martials. He was mustered out of the
volunteer service August, 1865, and wras retired
from the army with the rank of major-general,
February 22, 1869. He died in Washington,
May 3, 1880.

MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGK STONEMAN (U.S.M.
A. 1846) was born in Bust.i, New York, August 8,
1822, and was captain in command at, Fort
Brown, Texas, when the Civil War broke out.
He refused to obey the order of General Twiggs

to surrender the property of the United States
Government to the State of Texas, and escaped
by steamer to New York. His first active service
in the Civil War was as major in the West Vir
ginia campaign, and as brigadier-general of vol
unteers he had the cavalry command in the Army
of the Potomac. It was his troops that brought
on the action at Williamsburg in May, 1862.
After the death of Major-General Kearny, at
Chantilly, he succeeded eventually to the command
of his division, and later succeeded Major-General
Heintzelman in the command of the Third Army
Corps, which he led at Fredericksburg. He was
promoted to major-general of volunteers in com
mand of the Cavalry Corps, Army of the Potomac,
and led a famous raid toward Richmond during
the Chancellorsville campaign. From January to
April, 1864, he was in command of the Twenty-
third Army Corps, and then received the cavalry
division of the same organization. After a raid
in the Atlanta campaign, in which he was cap
tured and held prisoner for three months, he as
sumed command of the Department of the Ohio,
and later the District of East, Tennessee, where
his operations were very successful, especially his
raid into North Carolina, in April, 1865. He
was retired from the regular army witli the rank
of colonel, in 1871, and went to California, of
which State he was governor from 1883 to 1887.
He died in Buffalo, New York, September 5, 1894.

MAJOR-GENERAL DANIEL EDGAR SICKLES was
born in New York city, October 20, 1825. Ad
mitted to the bar in 1846, he afterward served in
the State legislature, the diplomatic service, and
in Congress, where he was when the Civil Wai-
broke out. He raised the Excelsior Brigade of
five New York regiments, which served in the
Army of the Potomac with Sickles as brigadier-
general of volunters at its head. In March, 1862,
it was incorporated in the Third Army Corps.
He led his brigade through the Peninsula cam
paign, commanded a division at Fredericksburg
and, as major-general of volunteers, the Third
Corps at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. In tlie
latter battle he lost a leg on the second day. He
continued in the army after the close of the war,
and was retired with rank of major-general in
1869. He went on a secret diplomatic mission
to South America in 1867, and was minister to
Spain, 1869-1873. He was sheriff of New York
County, in 1890, and Democratic member of Con
gress, 1892-94, as well as president of the New

[194]

John E. Phelps, of Arkansas — Marcus La Rue, of Arkansas — John B. Slough, of Colorado — Patrick E. Connor, of Califor-
Colonel of the 2d Cavalry. Promoted for Gallantry. Engaged in New Mexico. nia — Colonel of the 3d Infantry.

FEDERAL GENERALS— No. 1— ARKANSAS (first two above). COLORADO (third above).

CALIFORNIA (fourth above and six below).

James Shields, Brave Irish Soldier, George S. Evans, Originally Colonel George W. Bowie, Originally Colonel
A Friend of Lincoln. of the 2d Cavalry. of the 5th Infantry.

Edward McGarry, Brevet ted for
Conspicuous Gallantry.

James W. Denver; Denver, Colo.
Named After Him.

J. H. Carleton Commanded a Column
in March Across Arizona.

This is the first of 29 groups embracing representative general officers of 34 states and territories. On preceding pages portraits
appear of many leaders, including all the commanders of armies and army corps, and all generals killed in battle. Many others
appear in preceding volumes, as identified with particular events or special branches, such as cavalry and artillery and the signal
and medical corps. Information of every general officer can be found through the index and the roster concluding this volume.

Jfaurtlj Armg OJnrjxa

York State Board of Civil Service Commissioners
for several years.

MAJOR-GENERAL WILLIAM HENRY FRENCH
(U.S.M.A. 1837) was born in Baltimore, January
13, 1815, and served in the Seminole and Mexican
wars. In September, 1861, he was appointed
brigadier- general of volunteers and major-gen
eral of volunteers the following year. He had a
brigade in Sumner's Division, a division in the
Second Corps, Army of the Potomac, and for a

short time a command in the Eighth Corps, that
joined the Third Corps after the battle of Gettys
burg. He was in command of the Third Corps,
from July 7, 1863, to January 28, 186-1, and again
from February 17th to March 24, 1864. In May,
1864, he was mustered out of the volunteer service,
and was brevetted major-general the following
year. In the regular army he rose to the rank
of colonel in 1877, and, in 1880, was retired from
active service. He died in Baltimore, May 20,
1881.

Jfaurilj Army Qtorpa (ftotnmar)

CREATED March 3, 1862, chiefly from troops
in Couch's, W. F. Smith's, and Casey's divisions of
the earlier Army of the Potomac, together with
some new organizations. It was commanded by
Major-General E. D. Keyes. The corps fought
through the Peninsula campaign and remained in
that region when the rest of the Army of the
Potomac withdrew. The troops were gradually
sent to other corps of the army — to North Caro
lina, Washington, and other places, and the corps
was discontinued on August 1, 1863.

MAJOR-GENERAL ERASMUS DARWIN KEYES (U.
S.M.A. 1832) was born in Brimfield, Massachu

setts, May 29, 1810. He did duty on the Western
frontier until the Civil War began, when he was
raised to a colonelcy and made brigadier-general
of volunteers in May, 1861. He commanded a
brigade at Bull Run, and eventually was put in
command of the Fourth Army Corps when it was
created. His appointment as major-general of
volunteers was dated from the battle of Williams-
burg, and he received a brevet of brigadier-gen
eral in the regular army for his gallant and
meritorious service at Fair Oaks. He resigned
from the army in May, 1864, and went to Cali
fornia. He died in Nice, France, October 11,
1895.

THE TWENTIETH AND TWENTY-FIRST army
corps were consolidated on September 28, 1863,
and the new organization was designated the
Fourth Army Corps — the first one of that name,
in the Army of the Potomac, having passed out of
existence. It was commanded by Major-Generals
Gordon Granger, O. O. Howard, D. S. Stanley,
and Brigadier-General T. J. Wood. The corps
fought in the battle of Chattanooga, was sent to
the relief of Knoxville, and took part in the At
lanta campaign. When Sherman turned back to
ward Atlanta from Gaylesville, Alabama, the
Fourth Corps went into Tennessee for the cam
paign against Hood. It fought at Franklin and
Nashville, and was discontinued April 1, 1865.

MAJOR-GENERAL DAVID SLOAN STANLEY (U.S.
M.A. 1852). was born in Cedar Valley, Ohio, June

1, 1828. He distinguished himself by his services,
at the beginning of the Civil War, in the South
west, at Dug Springs and Wilson's Creek. As
brigadier-general of volunteers he had a division
in the Army of the Mississippi and fought at
Island No. 10, Itika, and Corinth. In November,
1862, he became chief of cavalry in the Army of
the Cumberland, and soon afterward was made
major-general of volunteers. In November, 1863,
he received a division of the Fourth Corps and
became its head in July, 186$, when Major-Gen
eral Howard took command of the Army of the
Tennessee. Major-Gcneral Stanley was wounded
at Franklin, November 30, 1864, and this ended
his active service in the war, although he again
headed the corps from February to August, 1865.
Later on, he was given a colonelcy in the regu
lar army and fought against the Indians in the

196]

Orris S. Ferry, of (.'on- Joseph R. Ilawley, of
necticut, Colonel of the Connecticut, Distin-

5th Regiment, Later guished at the Bat-

Li. S. Senator. tie of Olustee.

Henry W. Birge, of Con
necticut, Commander of a
Division in the 19th Corps.

Henry \V. Wessells, of Con
necticut, Led Troops on the
Peninsula in 1862.

H. II. Lockwood, of Del
aware, Commander
of a Brigade at
Gettysburg.

Robert (). Tyler, of
Connecticut, Com
manded Artillery at
Fredericksburg.

Loren/o Thomas, of Delaware,

Adjutant-General of the

United States Army.

FEDERAL
GENERALS

No. 2

Daniel Tyler, of Connecticut,
Led the Advance at
Bull Run, 1861.

CONNECTICUT

DAKOTA
DELAWARE

John B. S. Todd, of Dakota Terri
tory, Appointed Brigadier-General
to Date from September 19, 1861.

Army

Northwest. He was made brigadier-general in
1884, and was retired in 1892. He died in Wash
ington, D. C., March 13, 1902.

MAJOR-GENERAL THOMAS JOHN WOOD (U.S.
M.A. 1845) was born in Mumfordville, Ken
tucky, September 25, 1823, and served in the
Mexican War. As brigadier-general of volun
teers he had a brigade and then a division in the
Army of the Ohio, a division of the Left Wing
(Fourteenth Corps), Army of the Cumberland,
which was continued in the Twenty-first Corps

when the Left Wing was reorganized, and likewise
in the Fourth Corps until it was discontinued.
He had command of the Twenty-first and Fourth
corps for short periods, succeeding Stanley ir
the latter at Franklin and leading it at Nash
ville. He was wounded at Stone's River and in
the Atlanta campaign. He was made major-gen
eral of volunteers in January, 1865, and was
mustered out of the volunteer service in 1866, hav
ing been brevetted major-general in 1865. He
was retired in 1868, and died in Dayton, Ohio
February 25, 1906.

ON THE ORGANIZATION of the Army of the
Potomac into corps, March 3, 1862, the Fifth
Army Corps was created and given to Major-
General N. P. Banks. But this corps was de
tached, April 4th, from the Army of the Potomac
and assigned, with its commander, to the Depart
ment of the Shcnandoah, and was made the Second
Corps of the Army of Virginia, in June. On
May 18th, a new Fifth Corps was created and
existed provisionally until confirmed by the War
Department. It was composed, at first, of Brig
adier-General Porter's division of the Third
Corps, and Brigadier-General Sykes' troops of
the regular army. Other bodies of troops were
added from time to time, and the First Corps was
merged in it, when the Army of the Potomac was
reorgani/ed in March, 1864. It was commanded
from time to time by Brigadier-General F. J.
Porter, Major-General Joseph Hooker, Brig
adier-General Daniel Butterfield, Major-Generals
George G. Meade, Charles Griffin, George Sykes,
and A. A. Humphreys, Brevet Major-General S.
K. Crawford, and Major-General G. K. Warren.
The corps fought in whole or in part through all
the battles of the Army of the Potomac.

MAJOR-GENERAL FITZ JOHN PORTER (U.S. M.A.
1845) was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire,
June 13, 1822, served in the Mexican War,
and afterward taught at West Point. He was
assistant adjutant-general in Albert Sidney John
ston's Utah expedition, in 1857. When the Civil
War broke out, he was appointed brigadier-gen
eral of volunteers and served as chief of staff to
Patterson and Banks. He was given a division
in the Army of the Potomac, and after it had been

assigned to the Third Corps it was made the basi^
of the Fifth Corps, of which Porter was given
command on May 18, 1862, just before Mc-
Clellan's advance to the Chickahorniny. After
fighting through the Peninsula campaign, Portei
was made major-general of volunteers, and went
with his corps to the assistance of Pope and tin
Army of Virginia. At Second Bull Run, his ac
tion on an order from Major-General Pope led
to his dismissal from the army. After long years
of struggle, in 1886 he succeeded in being restored
to the army with the rank of colonel, and shortly
afterward was retired. He was engaged in busi
ness in New York and held several municipal
offices. He died in Morristown, New Jersey.
May 21, 1901.

MAJOR-GENERAL DANIEL BTTTERFIELD was
born in Utica, New York, October 31, 1831, and
was graduated from Union College. Early in the
Civil War he became colonel of the Twelfth New
York Volunteers, and brigadier-general of volun
teers, taking part in the campaigns of McClellan,
Burnsidc, Hooker, and Pope. At Fredericksburg,
he had command of the Fifth Army Corps, and af
terward became chief-of-staff to the commanding
general. He went with Hooker to Chattanooga in
October, 1863, and was his chief-of-staff until
given a division in the Twentieth Army Corps,
which he commanded until July, 1864. At the
close of the war he was mustered out of the volun
teer service and was brevetted major-general in
the United States Army. He resigned from the
army in 1869, and was United States treasurer
in New York city, 1869-1870. He died at Cold
Spring, New York, July 17, 1901.

[198]

FEDERAL
GENERALS

No. 3

DISTRICT OF
COLUMBIA

(UPPER TWO)

ILLINOIS

(XINE BELOW)

George \V. Getty Led a Division
in the Army of the Potomac.

Ish.nni Nichols
Haynie, Orig
inally Colonel
of the 48th Reg
iment.

Thomas E. G. Hanson Commanded
the IGth Army Corps.

Samuel Sprigg Carroll, Brevctted
for Gallantry at Spotsylvania.

Joseph Adal-
mon M«i It by,
Originally Col
onel of the 4.;th
Regiment.

John F. Farnsworth, Originally
Colonel of the 8th Cavalry.

E. X. Kirk, Severely Wounded in Re
sisting the Attack on Johnson's
Division at Stone's River.

Alexander C. McClurg, Chief of
Staff, 14th Army Corps.

Abner Clark Hardin,
Promoted for Gallan
try at Donelson.

Charles E. Hovey,
Gallant Division
Commander.

John McArtluir, Conspicuous
as a Division Commander.

g>txtlj Armg (Corps

MAJOR-GEXERAL GOUVERXEUR KEMBLE WAR
REN (U.S.M.A. 1850) was born at Cold Spring,
New York, January 8, 1830. He made a spe
cialty of topographical engineering, and was as
sistant professor of mathematics at West Point
until the beginning of the Civil War, when he
came into active service as lieutenant-colonel of
the Fifth New York Volunteers. His promotion
was rapid, and he reached the rank of major-gen
eral of volunteers in May, 1863. He served as
brigade and division commander in the Fifth
Army Corps, and in January, 1863, became chief
topographical engineer, and, later, chief engineer
of the Army of the Potomac. His service to the
Union cause in defending Little Round Top at
Gettysburg won him a brevet of colonel in the
regular army. For a short time after Gettysburg
he was in command of the Second Corps, and from
March, 1864, to April, 1865, of the Fifth Corps,
Army of the Potomac; after which he served for
a short time in the Department of Mississippi.
He left the volunteer service in May, 1865, having
received the brevet of major-general in the regular
army, in which he remained until February 13,
1866, when he resigned. His last years were spent
on surveys and harbor improvements, and he died
at Newport, Rhode Island, August 8, 1882.

MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE SYKES (U.S.M.A.
was born in Dover, Delaware, October 9,
, and served in the Mexican and Seminole
wars. As major, he entered the Civil W7ar, and was
commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers in

September, 1861. He led a division of the Fifth
Army Corps and was commander for several
short periods, notably at the battle of Gettysburg.
His commission of major-general of volunteers
was dated November 29, 1862. In September-
October, 1864, he was in command of the District
of South Kansas. After leaving the volunteer
service he was made colonel in the regular army,
where he remained until he died in Brownsville,
Texas, February 9, 1880.

MAJOR-GENERAL CHARLES GRIFFIX (U.S.M.A.
1847) was born in Licking County, Ohio, in 1826,
and served in the Mexican W7ar and on the fron
tier. He was captain when the Civil War broke
out, at the head of the Fifth Artillery. His bat
tery fought with great bravery at Bull Run. As
brigadier-general of volunteers, he had a brigade
and then a division in the Fifth Army Corps, and
took part in most of its important battles. He
was given command of the corps on April 1,
1865, from which dated his appointment as major-
general of volunteers. He led his corps in the
final operations against Petersburg, and at Lee's
surrender he received the arms and colors of the
Army of Northern Virginia. He was one of the
commission to carry out the terms of the surren
der. After the close of the war, as colonel in the
regular army, he was in command of the Depart
ment of Texas, where, during an outbreak of
yellow fever, he refused to leave his post. Con
tracting the disease, he died in Galvcston, Sep
tember 15, 1867.

Army

THE CREATIOX of this corps was similar to that
of the Fifth, on May 18, 1862. Its basis was
Brigadier-General W. B. Franklin's division,
which was transferred from the Department of the
Rappahannock (McDowell's command) and Briga
dier-General W. F. Smith's division of the Fourth
Army Corps. Franklin was the first commander,
and he was followed by Major-Gcnerals W. F.
Smith, .John Sedgwick, Brigadier-General J. B.
Ricketts, Major-General H. G. Wright, and Brevet
Maj or-General G. W. Getty. One division of the
corps was prominent at Gaines' Mill, where there
were about twenty thousand men present for duty,
and it was partially engaged at Second Bull Run,
South Mountain, Antietam, and Frcdcricksburg.

In the last battle it was in the Left Grand Di
vision. The corps carried Marye's Heights in the
Chancellorsville campaign, but, excepting one bri
gade, it was held in reserve at Gettysburg. Several
changes were made in the reorganization of March,
1864, and with about twenty-five thousand men at
the opening of the Wilderness campaign, it fought
with the Army of the Potomac as far as Peters
burg, when it was sent to the defense of Washing-
ton. Afterward it joined the Army of the Shen-
andoah and was prominent at the Opequon,
Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek. In December,
1864, the corps returned to Petersburg and con
tinued with the Army of the Potomac until it was
discontinued, June 28, 1865.

[ 200 ]

P.' S. POST. Originally C

onel of the 59th Regi
ment, Led a Brigade
at Stone's River
and Nashville.

JOHN W. TURNER, Com
mander of a Division at
Drewry's Bluff and in
the Siege of Peters
burg.

JULIUS WHITE, Originally
Colonel of the 37th Regi
ment.

JAMES GRANT WILSON, Orig
inally Colonel of the 4th
U. S. Cavalry.

AUGUST MEP.SY, Originall

Colonel of the 9th

Infantry.

LEONARD F. Ross, Originally

Colonel of the 17th

Regiment.

BENJAMIN M. PRENTISS

Noted for His Heroic

Defense at Shiloh.

JOHN EUGENE SMITH, Orig
inally Colonel of the 45th
Regiment.

RICHARD J. OGLESBY, Con
spicuous at Corinth, where
He was Wounded.

JOHN C. BLACK, Originally

. Colonel of the 37th

Regiment.

HASBROUCK DAVIS Led his

Command out of the Net

at Harper's Ferry.

ELIAS S. DENNIS, Originally

Colonel of the 30th Regiment;

Conspicuous at Mobile.

MICHAEL K. LAWLER

Promoted for Gallant Service

Throughout the War.

FEDERAL GENERALS— No. 4— ILLINOIS

GILES A. SMITH

Commander of a Division in

Georgia and the Carolinas.

Army (Corps

MAJOR-GENERAL WILLIAM BUEL FRANKLIN
(U.S.M.A. 1843) was born in York, Pennsyl
vania, February 27, 1823, and served in the Mex
ican War. He was also an engineer, and taught at
West Point. At the opening of the Civil War, as
colonel, he had a brigade at Bull Run, and subse
quently a division in the First Corps, Army of
the Potomac, which formed the nucleus of the
Sixth when it was ordered to McClellan on the
Peninsula, after having gone with McDowell to the
Department of the Rappahannock. Franklin rose
to be major-general of volunteers, his commission
being dated July 4, 1862. In Burnside's reorgani
zation of the Army of the Potomac, he commanded
the Left Grand Division at Fredericksburg. His
conduct in this battle was unsatisfactory to Burn-
side, and Franklin was relieved from duty in the
service. In August, 1863, he was put in command
of the Nineteenth Army Corps, serving until May,
1864, and was wounded at Sabine Cross Roads on
the Red River expedition. From December, 1864,
to November, 1865, he was at the head of a board
for retiring disabled officers. On the latter date he
resigned from the volunteer service, and gave up
the regular army, in which he had been brevettcd
major-general on March 15, 1866. He then be
came vice-president of the Colt Firearms Company,
and was American commissioner-general to the
Paris Exposition of 1889. He died in Hartford,
Connecticut, March 8, 1903.

MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN SEDGWICK (U.S.M.A.
1837) was born in Cornwall, Connecticut, Sep
tember 13, 1813. He served with great distinction
in the Mexican and Seminole wars. At the out
break of the Civil War, he was lieutenant-colonel
in the cavalry, and he rose to major-general of vol

unteers by July, 1862. After having a brigade in
the Army of the Potomac, he was given a division
of the Second Corps, and it met with frightful loss
at Antietam, where Sedgwick was twice wounded.
After recovery he took command of the Second and
Ninth corps for short periods, and in February,
1863, he became head of the Sixth Army Corps,
with which his name is so nobly associated. His
brave attack upon the heights of Fredericksburg
in May, 1863, won him renown. At Gettysburg,
which he reached by a forced march on the second
day, the left wing of the army was under his com
mand. He was killed by a Confederate sharpshoot
er near Spotsylvania Court House, May 9, 1864.

MAJOR-GENERAL HORATIO GOUVERNEUR
WRIGHT (U.S.M.A. 1841) was born in Clinton,
Connecticut, March 6, 1820. At the beginning of
the Civil War he had the rank of captain, having
been in the Engineers Corps since his graduation.
He was chief engineer of the expedition that de
stroyed the Norfolk Navy-Yard and occupied the
same position in the Port Royal expedition. He
was division commander in the Department of the
South, and wras then placed at the head of the re
created Department of the Ohio in August, 1862.
Later, he was division and corps commander of the
Sixth Army Corps. Being sent by Grant to de
fend Washington, he took part in the Shenandoah
campaign and rejoined the Army of the Potomac
before Petersburg. He led the assault on April 2,
1865, which ended the siege. He was promoted to
major-general of volunteers in May, 1864. He
served on several important commissions after the
war, being made brigadier-general in 1879, and was
retired from the army in 1884. He died in Wash
ington, July 2, 1899.

Army OInrpa

THE TROOPS in the Department of Virginia at
Fort Monroe, Norfolk, Portsmouth, and elsewhere,
were organized into the Seventh Army Corps, on
July 22, 1862, which existed until discontinued
on August 1, 1863, when the troops were merged
in the Eighteenth Army Corps. It was commanded
in turn by Major-General John A. Dix and Brig
adier-Generals H. M. Naglee and G. W. Getty.
Its principal engagements were the affair at De
serted House, Virginia, and the defense of Suffolk,
when besieged by Longstreet in 1863. Its greatest

strength, present for duty, was about thirty-three
thousand.

MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN ADAMS Dix was born
in Boscawen, New Hampshire, July 24, 1798. In
1812, he entered the United States army as a cadet,
and continued in military service until 1828, when
he settled in Cooperstown, New York, to practise
law. He served one term in the United States Sen
ate, and became Secretary of the Treasury under
President Buchanan. On the outbreak of the Civil

[202]

Robert Francis Catterson, Or- Silas Colgrove Forwarded Lee's
iginally Colonel of the 97th "Lost Order" Before Antie-
Regiment. tarn to McClellan.

Thomas T. Crittenden, Origi
nally Colonel of the 6th
Infantry.

Robert Sanford Foster,

Brevetted for

Gallantry.

Alvin P. Hovoy, Gallant Divi- Thomas John Lucas, Originally George F. McGinnis, Originally James W. McMillan, Originally
sion Commander. Colonel of the 10th Infantry. Colonel of the llth Infantry. Colonel 1st Artillery.

John F. Miller, Colonel of the Charles Cruft, Conspicuous at Jeremiah C. Sullivan Fought Robert A. Cameron, Originally
2!)th Regiment; wounded Stone's River and Chat- in the Shenandoah and Vicks- Colonel of the 34th

at Stone's River. tanooga. burg Campaigns. Regiment.

W. P. Benton Commanded a F. Knefler, Originally Colonel Walter Q. Gresham, Engaged William Grose Led a Brigade
Brigade at Pea Ridge. of the 79th Regiment. in the Nashville Campaign. under Thomas.

FEDERAL GENERALS— No. 5— INDIANA

Army (Carps (Department nf Arkansas)

War, Dix was appointed major-general of volun
teers, and was given command of the Department
of Annapolis (afterward Maryland, and finally
merged in the Department of Pennsylvania, July,
1861). Then he was given a division at Baltimore,
which became part of the Army of the Potomac,
when it was organized. On March 22, 1862, Dix's
Division was organized with other troops into the
Middle Department, which he headed until June,

when he was transferred to the DcpartniTit of
Virginia, the troops of which were organized into
the Seventh Army Corps, in July. In July, 1863,
Dix was transferred to the Department of the East
with headquarters at New York, and remained
there until the end of the war. He was twice min
ister to France (1866-69) and was governor of
New York, 1873-75. He died in New York city,
April 21, 1879.

ANOTHER CORPS designated the Seventh was
created on January 6, 1864, to consist of the
troops in the Department of Arkansas. The com
mand was given to Major-General Frederick
Steele, who was succeeded by Major-General J. J.
Reynolds in December, 186-1. For a year from
May, 186-1, the corps was a unit of the Military
Division of West Mississippi and was discontinued
August 1, 1865. The principal fighting done by
the Seventh Corps was in Stecle's Arkansas Expe
dition, especially at Jenkins' Ferry.

MAJOR-GENERAL JOSEPH JONES REYNOLDS (U.
S.M.A. 1843) was born in Flcmingsburg, Ken
tucky, January 4, 1822. He taught at West
Point and, after resigning, at Washington Uni
versity, St. Louis, and finally engaged in busi
ness in Lafayette, Indiana. He entered the Civil

War as colonel of the Tenth Indiana Volunteers,
and reached the rank of major-general of volun
teers in November, 1862. After active service in
Western Virginia, he had a division in the Army
of the Cumberland, and was chief-of-staff to Rose-
crans in October, 1863. In December, lie was put
in command of the defenses of New Orleans, and
on July 7, 1864, he took command of that portion
of the Nineteenth Army Corps which remained in
Louisiana, going from there to the head of the Gulf
Reserve Corps. On December 22, 1864, he took
command of the Seventh Army Corps (Arkansas)
until it was discontinued, August 1, 1865. Mus
tered out of the volunteer service, he returned to
the regular army as colonel in the cavalry and
received the brevet of major-general. He was re
tired June 25, 1877, and died in Washington, Feb
ruary 25, 1899.

iEtgljttf Armg

THE TROOPS in the Middle Department were or
ganized into the Eighth Army Corps on July 22,
1862. The forces were stationed at various points
in Maryland. Its first commander was Major-
General John E. Wool, and he was succeeded by
Major-Generals R. C. Schcnck, Brevet Brigadier-
General W. W. Morris, Brigadier-Generals E. B.
Tyler, H. H. Lockwood, and Major-General
Lewis Wallace. The Eighth Corps saw little active
fighting except in West Virginia. Wallace was in
command at the Monocacy (July 9, 1864), and the
First Separate Brigade under Brigadier-General
E. B. Tyler took part, but that battle was fought
chiefly by a division of the Sixth Corps. The
Eighth Corps was discontinued, August 1, 1865.

MAJOR-GENERAL JOHX ELLIS WOOL was born
in Newburg, New York, February 20, 1787. He
became a lawyer, but raised an infantry company
at Troy and entered the War of 1812. He re
mained in the army, and in 1841 was raised to
the rank of brigadier-general. He selected the
American position at Buena Vista in the Mexi
can War, and for his skill and courage received a
vote of thanks and a sword from Congress. He
was in command of the Department of the East
when the Civil War broke out, and was trans
ferred, in August, 1861, to the Department of
Virginia, where he succeeded in saving Fort Mon
roe to the Federal Government. In May, 1862,
his troops occupied Norfolk and Portsmouth

204]

JOHN EDWARDS
Colonel of the 18th Infantry.

ALEXANDER CHAMBERS
Promoted for Gallantry.

WILLIAM T. CLARK

Promoted at Atlanta.

FITZ-HENRY WARREN

Colonel of the 1st Infantrv.

CYRUS BUSSEY
Daring Leader of Cavalry.

JAMES B. WEAVER
Brevetted for Gallantrv.

JAMES MADISON TUTTLE
Colonel of the 2d Infantry.

JAMES A. WILLIAMSON
Colonel of the 4th Infantn

EDWARD HATCH
Brilliant Cavalry Commander.

JACOB G. LAUMAN
Conspicuous at Belmont.

MARCELI.US M. CROCKER
At Corinth and Yirksburp;.

FEDERAL GENERALS
Xo. 6
IOWA

E. W. RICE
Colonel of the 19th Regiment.

JAMES I. GILBERT
Colonel of the 27th Infantry.

Ntntlj Armg (Corps

after the Confederate evacuation, and at this
time lie was made major-general. He was given
command of the Middle Department in .June,
and headed the Eighth Army Corps when it was
organized in July. In January, 1863, he went
back to the Department of the East, which had
been recreated,- and remained there until July
18th. He was retired from the army on August 1,
1865, and died in Troy, New York, November 10,
1869.

MAJOR-GENERAL ROBERT GUMMING SCHENCK
was born in Franklin, Ohio, October 4?, 1809. He
became a lawyer, and was minister to Brazil,
1851-53. When the Civil War broke out he was
made brigadier-general of volunteers, and com
manded a brigade at the battle of Bull Run. His
force was transferred to the Department of West
ern Virginia, and he aided in saving that valuable
region to the Union. In the new Mountain De
partment, Schenck had an independent brigade,
and he commanded the Federal right at the battle
of Cross Keys. He was given a division of the
First Corps, Army of Virginia, when the Moun
tain troops were merged in that army. He was
severely wounded at Second Bull Run, where his
gallantry won him promotion to major-general of
volunteers. After recovery, he was given the
Eighth Army Corps (troops of the Middle De
partment), December 22, 1862. He resigned from

the army December 3, 1863, having been elected
member of Congress, where he served until 1870.
In 1871, he was a member of the commission which
drew up the treaty of Washington, and from
1871 to 1876 was United States minister to Great
Britain. He died in Washington, March 23,
1890.

MAJOR-GENERAL LEWIS WALLACE was born in
Brookville, Indiana, April 10, 1827. He became
a lawyer and served in the Mexican War. At the
commencement of the Civil War he headed the
Eleventh Indiana Infantry, and was made brig
adier-general of volunteers in September, 1861.
At Fort Donclson and Shiloh he was in command
of a division, and after the former battle he was
promoted to major-general of volunteers. In
1863, he superintended the construction of the
defenses of Cincinnati. In March, 186-1, he took
command of the Eighth Army Corps and was de
feated by Lieutenant-General Early at the Mo-
nocacy. He resigned from the army in November,
1865. After the war he was appointed Governor
of New Mexico, and from 1881 to 1885 was
United States minister to Turkey. Major-Gen
eral Wallace was the author of " Ben-Hur," the
" Prince of India," and other well-known books,
in addition to enjoying great popularity as a
lecturer. He died at Crawfordsville Indiana, Feb
ruary 15, 1905.

Armg QI0rpa

THE TROOPS that Major-General Burnsidc took
with him to North Carolina in December, 1861,
which were then known as Burnside's Expedition
ary Corps and which made a record for them
selves at Roanoke Island, New Berne, and else
where, were merged in the Department of North
Carolina in April, 1862. They and some others
from the Department of the South were trans
ferred to the Army of the Potomac in July, and
on the 22d, the Ninth Army Corps came into ex
istence. At first, it contained less than five thou
sand men. Its commanders were Major-Generals
Burnside, J. L. Reno, Brigadier-General J. D.
Cox, Major-Generals John Sedgwick, W. F.
Smith, J. G. Parke, Brigadier-General R. B. Pot
ter, and Brevet Major-General O. B. Willcox. Two
divisions went to the assistance of Pope, and fought
at Second Bull Run and Chantilly. Afterward,

the corps distinguished itself at South Mountain,
Antietam, and Fredcricksburg. After the latter
battle, Burnside was transferred to the Depart
ment of the Ohio (March, 1863) and two divisions
of the corps (one having gone to the Seventh)
went West with him. The corps took part in the
siege of Vicksburg, and was itself besieged in
Knoxville, where it suffered great hardships. Early
in 1864, the corps was ordered East for reorgani
zation, with Burnside at the head. At the end of
May, it became part of the Army of the Potomac,
having acted as a separate command through the
earlier battles of Grant's campaign. It Was very
prominent in the siege of Petersburg, and the fa
mous mine was constructed and exploded in front
of its lines. The flags of the Ninth Corps were
the first that were shown on the public buildings
of Petersburg. In June, 1865, the corps was

[206]

GEORGE W. DITZLER THOMAS EWI.VG, JR. THOMAS MOONLIGHT

Originally Colonel of the 1st Infantry. Originally Colonel of the llth Cavalry. Originally Colonel of the llth Cavalry.

FEDERAL
GENERALS

No. 7

KANSAS

(THREE TO LEFT AND

EXTREME RIGHT

SECOND ROW)

LOUISIANA

(EXTREME RIGHT
THIRD ROW)

KENTUCKY

(TEN REMAINING)

SPEED S. FHY

Noted for his Encounter at

Mill Springs.

STEPHEN G. BURBRIDGE JOHN T. CEOXTON POWELL CLAYTON

Cavalry Leader in the Morgan Led a Brigade in Tennessee and Of Kansas — Later Governor of
Campaigns. Georgia. Arkansas.

EDWARD H. HOBSON WALTER C. WHITTAKER THEOPHILUS T. GARRARD D. J. KEILY

Noted for the Pursuit of Morgan's Commander of a Brigade at Defender of Kentucky and East Of Louisiana — Colonel of the
Raiders. Chickamauga. Tennessee. Second Cavalry.

JAMES M. SCHACKLEBORD WILLIAM NELSON

Prominent in the Pursuit of Mor- Commanded a. Division in Buell's
gan's Raiders. Army at Shiloh.

JEREMIAH T. BOYLE
Defender of Kentucky and
Tennessee.

N. B. BCFORD

Leader of Cavalry in Kentucky
and Tennessee.

•Nttttlj Armg

transferred to the Department of Washington and
was discontinued on August 1st. This organiza
tion is often referred to as the " wandering corps,"
for it fought in seven States.

MAJOR-GENERAL JESSE LEE REXO (U.S.M.A.
1846) was born in Wheeling, West Virginia, June
20, 1823, and served in the Mexican War, where
he was severely wounded at Chapultepec. He was
a captain when the Civil War broke out, but was
commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers and
commanded a brigade in Burnside's Expeditionary
Corps, a division in the Department of North Car
olina, and the same in the Ninth Army Corps, when
it was created. He fought at Roanoke Island,
New Berne, Camden, Manassas, and Chantilly and
was placed in command of the Ninth Corps, Sep
tember 3, 1862. He was killed at South Mountain
on the 14th. His commission of major-general of
volunteers was dated July 18, 1862.

MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN GRUBB PARKE (U.S.
M.A. 1849) was born in Chester County, Pennsyl
vania, September 22, 1827, and entered the Corps
of Topographical Engineers. He was first lieu
tenant when the Civil War broke out, and his com
mission of brigadier-general of volunteers was
dated November 23, 1861. He commanded a bri
gade in Burnside's expedition to North Carolina,
and later had a division in the Ninth Corps. As
major-general of volunteers he was Burnside's
chief-of-staff at Antietam and Fredcricksburg. He
went with the corps to the West as its commander,
fought through the Vicksburg campaign, and was
at the siege of Knoxville. He also commanded the
corps after August, 1864, in the operations around
Petersburg. He was in command of the Twenty-
second Army Corps and at Alexandria, in 1865.
After the war he rose to the rank of colonel in
the regular army, with the brevet of major-gen
eral. He was engaged in engineering, and as su
perintendent of West Point until he was retired in
July, 1889. He died in Washington, December
16, 1900.

BREVET MAJOR-GENERAL ORLANDO BOLIVAR
WILLCOX (U.S.M.A. 1847) was born in Detroit,
Michigan, April 16, 1823. He served in Texas,
in Florida, and in the Mexican War, resigning his
commission of first lieutenant in 1857 and taking
up the practice of law. He hastened to the front
at the outbreak of the war. as colonel of the First

Michigan Infantry, and was present at the occupa
tion of Alexandria (May 24, 1861). He com
manded a brigade at the battle of Bull Run, where
he was severely wounded and captured. For his
services here he was made brigadier-general of vol
unteers. He was exchanged (February, 1862),
and later had a division of the Ninth Army Corps,
and headed the corps itself at the battle of Fred-
ericksburg. For a short time he was stationed in
Indiana and Michigan, and had charge of the dis
trict of East Tennessee. He served again with the
Ninth Corps in the Knoxville campaign and was
at its head for a short period. As division com
mander he fought through the Wilderness cam
paign and in the last operations of the Army of
the Potomac until July, 1865, except for short pe
riods when he was at the head of the corps. He
received the surrender of Petersburg. In August,
1864, he was brevetted major-general of volun
teers. After being mustered out of the volunteer
service, he became a colonel in the regular army
and brigadier-general in 1886. The following year
he was retired, and he died at Coburg, Ontario,
May 10, 1907.

MAJOR-GENERAL JACOB DOLSON Cox was born
in Montreal, Canada, October 27, 1828. He be
came a lawyer and a member of the Ohio State Sen
ate. He entered the Civil War as brigadier-gen
eral in the Ohio militia, and was made brigadier-
general of volunteers in May, 1861. After distin
guished service in western Virginia and under Pope,
he succeeded to the command of the Ninth Army
Corps upon the death of Major-General Reno,
at South Mountain. He was in command of forces
in West Virginia and of the Military District of
Ohio in 1862-63. On March 4, 1863, his appoint
ment of major-general of volunteers, which dated
from October 6, 1862, expired, and it was re
newed December 7, 1864. He received a division
of the Twenty-third Army Corps in April, 1864,
and during the Atlanta and Tennessee campaigns
was several times in command of the corps itself.
After the battle of Nashville, the corps was moved
to North Carolina, where Major-General ('ox
served in various capacities, and finally as head of
the corps from April to June, 1865. In 1866, he
resigned from the volunteer service. From 1866
to 1868, he was governor of Ohio, and President
Grant's Secretary of the Interior in 1869. He
was prominent in politics, finance, and the law
until his death, which occurred at Magnolia, Mas
sachusetts, August 4, 1900.

[ 208 ]

Jonathan P. Cilley, Gallant Seldon Connor, Colonel

Cavalry Leader. of the 19th Regiment.

Joshua L. Chamberlain, Ac- L. G. Estes, Promoted at

tive at Round Top. the Close of the War.

Cyrus Hamlin, Colonel of the James D. Fessenden, Brevet- Francis Fessenden, Active in George L. Beal, Brevetted for
80th U. S. Colored Infantry. ted for Meritorious Service. the Red River Campaign. Conspicuous Gallantry.

Albion P. Howe, Leader of the Light

Division at the Storming of

Marye's Heights, May 3, 1863.

FEDERAL GENERALS

Joseph Dickinson. Brevetted for
Gallantry on Staff Duty
at Gettysburg.

No. 8— MAINE

Neal Dow, Captured and Exchanged for a
Son of Gen. R. E. Lee.

Army Glnrpa

CREATED September 3, 1863, to consist of
the troops in the Department of the South. Its
commanders were Brigadier-General John M.
Brannan, and Major-Generals 0. M. Mitchel,
David Hunter, and Q. A. Gillmore. It took part
in the various operations around Charleston Har
bor, and in February, 1864*, one division went to
Florida, where it suffered severely in the battle of
Olustee. In April, 186-t, the corps entered the
Army of the James, in which its commanders were
Brigadier-General A. H. Terry, Major-General Q.
A. Gillmore, Brigadier-General W. H. T. Brooks,
Major-General D. B. Birney, and Brigadier-Gen
eral Adelbcrt Ames. It fought around Drewry's
Bluff, and two divisions went to Cold Harbor,
forming a third division of the Eighteenth Corps.
After this, the corps fought at Deep Bottom,
Darbytown Road, and Fair Oaks. It was discon
tinued December 3, 186-i and merged in the new
Twenty-fourth Corps. One division and a brigade
of the Twenty-fourth, under Major-General Terry,
went to Fort Fisher, and, after its capture, the
Tenth Corps was reorganized March 27, 1865,
in the Department of North Carolina, from Terry's
troops. Besides Major-General Terry, Brevet Ma
jor-General Adelbert Ames had command from
May 13 to August 1, 1865, when the corps was
discontinued.

MAJOR-GEXERAL ORMSBY McKxiGHT MITCHEL
(U.S.M.A. 1829) was born in Union County, Ken
tucky, August 28, 1810, and served as assistant
professor of mathematics at West Point until 1831,
later becoming professor of mathematics, philoso
phy, and astronomy at Cincinnati College. For a
time he practised law. He was director of the Dud
ley Observatory at Albany, New York, when the
Civil War broke out, and entered the army, receiv
ing a commission of brigadier-general of volun
teers. From September to November, 1861, he
was at the head of the Department of the Ohio,
and had a division in the Army of the Ohio,
December, 1861, to July, 1862, during wyhich he
made a brilliant expedition into Alabama, and
won promotion to major-general of volunteers. In
September, he was placed at the head of the Tenth
Army Corps and died at Hilton Head, South
Carolina, of yellow fever, October 27, 1862. He
made several important astronomical discoveries.

War. He had reached the rank of captain when
the Civil War broke out, and was promoted to
brigadier-general of volunteers in September, 1861.
He was commander of the Department of Key
West from February, 1862, until it was merged, the
following month, in the Department of the South,
of which he was twice in command, as well as tem
porarily at the head of the Tenth Army Corps
between September, 1862, and January, 1863.
During this period he led the St. John's River ex
pedition and took part in the battle of Pocotaligo.
After this, he commanded divisions in the Twenty-
first and Fourteenth corps. He reorgani/ed the
artillery in the Army of the Cumberland, and
placed the artillery for the defense of Atlanta. He
was mustered out of the volunteer service, having
been brevetted major-general of volunteers, in May,
1866, and continued in the regular army as lieu
tenant-colonel and colonel, but with the brevet of
major-general, serving at various posts until he
was retired in April, 1882. He died in New York
city, December 16, 1892.

MAJOR-GEXERAL QnxcY ADAMS GILLMORE
(U.S.M.A. 1849) was born at Black River, Ohio,
February 28, 1825. He entered the Engineer
Corps, and served as assistant instructor in engi
neering at West Point. Before the Civil Wai-
broke out he had done much work on fortifications
and other engineering projects connected with the
army. As captain and chief engineer, he accom
panied Burnside to North Carolina, and later
planned the details of the successful attack on
Fort Pulaski, which feat won him the rank of
brigadier-general of volunteers. After this, he held
a command in West Virginia and also served in the
Department of the Ohio. In June, 1863, he took
command of the Tenth Army Corps and held it
for a year, participating in the operations around
Charleston Harbor, Bermuda Hundred, and the
battle of Drewry's Bluff. His commission of
major-general of volunteers was dated July 10,

1863. He went to the defense of Washington
against Early with the Nineteenth Corps in July,

1864. Resigning from the volunteer service after
the war, he rose to rank of colonel in the regular
army and was connected with many great engineer
ing projects until his death, which occurred at
Brooklyn, New York, April 7, 1888.

BREVET MAJOR-GEXERAL JOHX MILTON BRAX- MAJOR-GEXERAL ALFRED HOWE TERRY was

XAX (U.S.M.A. 184-1) was born in the District of born in Hartford, Connecticut, November 10,
Columbia in 1819, and served in the Mexican 1827. He was colonel of the Second Connecticut

[210]

Charles H. Smith, Conspicuous as a George F. Shepley, Originally Colonel Elias Spear, Colonel of the 23th

Cavalry Leader. of the 20th Regiment. Regiment.

FEDERAL GENERALS— No. 9— MAINE (ABOVE) MARYLAND (BELOW)

Frank Nickerson, Originally Daniel White, Brevetted for Nathaniel J. Jackson, Orig- Cuvier Grover, Division
Colonel of the 4th Gallantry at the inally Colonel of the 1st Leader in the East and

Regiment. Wilderness. and 5th Infantry. in the West.

James M. Deems, Brevetted for
Gallantry.

John R. Kenly, Originally Colonel of
the 1st Regiment.

James Cooper, In Command of Mary
land Volunteers in 1861.

[D— 14]

Volunteers at Bull Hun. He returned home to
raise the Seventh Connecticut Volunteers, and with
this regiment served under Brigadier-General T.
W. Sherman at the capture of Port Royal and
under Major-General Hunter at Fort Pulaski,
which he then commanded. Being raised to briga
dier-general of volunteers in April, 1862, he com
manded several districts in the Department of the
South (Tenth Army Corps), and took command
of this corps when it was transferred to the Army
of the James, in April, 186-1. As brevet major-
general of volunteers he headed the Twenty-fourth
Army Corps which was organized out of the Tenth,
December, 1864, to January, 1865. On the latter
date, he was put in command of the provisional
corps organized for the capture of Fort Fisher and
Wilmington. After these events had taken place,
his corps became the reorganized Tenth Corps, and
Major-General Terry was in command until May
13, 1865, when he took charge of Richmond. After
leaving the volunteer service, he rose to the rank
of major-general in the regular army (1886) and
was retired in April, 1888. He died in New Haven,
Connecticut, December 16, 1890. For the cap
ture of Fort Fisher he was tendered the thanks of
Congress.

MAJOR-GENERAL WILLIAM THOMAS HARBAUGH
BROOKS (U.S.M.A. 1841) was born in New Lis
bon, Ohio, January 28, 1821, and served in the
Seminole and Mexican wars, and in Texas and New
Mexico. He had reached the rank of captain when
the Civil War broke out, and was made brigadier-
general of volunteers in September, 1861. He com
manded a brigade in the Sixth Army Corps until

October, 1862, and a division until after the Chan-
cellorsville campaign, when, as major-general of vol
unteers, he was at the head of the Department of
the Monongahela until Grant's operations against
Lee and Richmond began. His commission of ma
jor-general of volunteers having expired, Brigadier-
General Brooks was then in command of a division
of the Eighteenth Army Corps, and on June 21,
1864, was put at the head of the Tenth Corps. He
resigned from the volunteer service the following
month, and died in Huntsville, Alabama, Julv 19,
1870.

MAJOR-GENERAL DAVID BELT, BIRNKY was born
in Huntsville, Alabama, May 29, 1825. He prac
tised law in Philadelphia until 1861, when he
entered the Federal army as lieutenant-col
onel of a Pennsylvania regiment and reached
the rank of brigadier-general of volunteers, in
February, 1862. He had a brigade in the Third
Army Corps through the Peninsula campaign
and was with Pope at Second Bull Run and
Chantilly, taking the division temporarily after
Brigadier-General Kearny was killed. As major-
general of volunteers, he had a division at Fred-
ericksburg and Chancellorsville and commanded
the Third Corps at Gettysburg after Major-
General Sickles was wounded, holding it from
time to time until February, 1864. In the new
organization of the Army of the Potomac (March,
1864), he had a division in the Second Corps until
July, when he was given command of the Tenth
Corps, Anny of the James. While in this position
he contracted a fever, and died in Philadelphia, Oc
tober 18, 1864.

iElmutlj Army (Enrps

WHEN THE ARMY OF VIRGINIA was discontinued,
September 12, 1862, its First Corps, which had
been the troops of the Mountain Department
under Rosccrans and Fremont, and had been led
by Sigel in the Pope campaign, was merged in the
Army of the Potomac as the Eleventh Corps. It
remained on the line of Manassas during the Antic-
tarn campaign, did not reach Frcdcricksburg in
time for the battle, and at Chancellorsville was
badly routed by "Stonewall" Jackson, because its
commander allowed himself to be surprised. In
this battle about twelve thousand troops were pres
ent. It was one of the two corps heavily engaged

on the first day at Gettysburg. After that battle,
one division was sent to Charleston Harbor, and
the other two went with Hooker to Tennessee to as
sist Grant in the Chattanooga campaign. These
two divisions then went with Sherman to the relief
of Knoxville, and shared all the great hardships
of the march. In April, 1864, these troops were
merged in the new Twentieth Army Corps, for the
Atlanta campaign. The leaders of the Eleventh
Corps were Major-General Fran/ Sigel, Brigadier-
General J. H. Stahcl, Major-General Carl Schurz,
Brigadier-General A. von Steinwehr, and Major-
General O. O. Howard.
212]

Stephen M. Weld, Jr., Leader

of Colored Troops at

the Crater Battle.

Oliver Edwards Lc>d a Bri
gade at the " Bloody Angle,"
Spotsylvania ; Brevetted for
Gallantry at Sailor's Creek.

William F. Bartlett Led Hi:

Brigade at the Crater and

Was Captured.

Edward F. Jones, Commander
of the 6th Massachusetts on
Its Memorable March
Through Baltimore, April, '61.

Frederick W. Lander, One

of the Early Heroes of

the War.

Charles ,T. Paine, Noted Leader
of Colored Troops.

George II. Gordon Led a Charge
at Cedar Mountain.

Charles P. Stone, Later Dis-

tinguished in the Service

of Egypt.

Albert Ordway, Promoted at
the Close of the War.

Henry L. Eustis, Originally Col
onel of the 10th Regiment.

N. A. Miles Commanded a Brigade at Chan
cellorsville and Later Led a Division in

the Army of the Potomac.

FEDERAL GENERALS— No. 10— MASSACHUSETTS

Army

MAJOR-GENERAL FRAXZ SIGEL was born in Sin-
slieim, Baden, November 18, 1824, and was grad
uated from the Military School at Carlsruhe, be
coming a champion of German unity and minister
of war to the revolutionary Government of 1848,
which was overthrown by Prussia. Later, having
withdrawn to Switzerland, the Government expelled
him, and he emigrated to America in 1852. He
taught in a military institute in St. Louis and
edited a military periodical. When the Civil War
broke out, he organized the Third Missouri Infan
try and an artillery battery, and after assisting
Captain Lyon in the capture of Camp Jackson, he
served in Missouri, at Carthage and at Springfield.
As brigadier-general of volunteers, he was conspic
uous for his bravery at Pea Ridge, and as major-
general of volunteers was placed in command of
Harper's Ferry in June, 1862. Then he served in
the Army of Virginia, in command of its First
Corps, out of which the Eleventh Corps, Army of
the Potomac, was created. He relinquished the
latter in January, 1863. On March 10, 1864, he
succeeded Brigadier-General B. F. Kelley in the
command of the Department of West Virginia, but
after the defeat at New Market, May 15th, he was
relieved by Major-General Hunter and given the
division at Harper's Ferry, where he successfully
held out against Licutenant-General Early. In
July, 1864, he was relieved from his command, and
he resigned from the army in May, 1865. After
the war, he edited a German paper in Baltimore,
and later was register and United States pension-
agent in New York city. He was well known as a
lecturer and editor of the "New York Monthly," a

German periodical. He died in Ne\v York city,
August 21, 1902.

MAJOR-GEXERAL CARL SCHURZ was born in
Cologne, Prussia, March 2, 1829, studying there
in the gymnasium and later at the University of
Bonn. He was engaged in the revolutionary move
ment in 1848, and was compelled to seek refuge in
Switzerland. In 1852, he came to the United
States and settled in Philadelphia, later going to
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he began the prac
tice of law. Lincoln appointed him United States
minister to Spain, but he resigned to take part in
the Civil War. As brigadier-general of volunteers,
he commanded a division of the First Corps, Army
of Virginia, at Second Bull Run, and at Chancel -
lorsville a division of the Eleventh Corps. At
Gettysburg he had command, as major-general of
volunteers, of the Eleventh Corps, temporarily, and
again in January and February, 1864. At Chat
tanooga, he took an active part. In March, 1864,
he was put in charge of a corps of instruction near
Nashville, and at the close of the war was chief-of-
staff to Major-General Slocum in the Army of
Georgia. He resigned from the volunteer service
in May, 1865, and became a newspaper corres
pondent in Washington, and, in 1866, founded
the Detroit Post. He was senator from Missouri
(1869-1875), and Secretary of the Interior from
1877 to 1881, and editor of the New York Even
ing Post from 1881 to 1884. He was an enthusi
astic advocate of civil-service reform and other
political movements. He was a writer and speaker
of note, and died in New York city, May 14, 1906.

Armg

CREATED September 12, 1862, from the Second
Corps, Army of Virginia, the troops of which, under
Major-General N. P. Banks, had been in the De
partment of the Shenandoah, and in earlier organ
izations of the Army of the Potomac. It was the
smallest corps in the army, and in the early days
contained about twelve thousand men. The com
mand was given to Major-General J. F. K. Mans
field, who was killed at Antictam, the first battle
of the new corps. Its next battle was that of
Chancellorsville where, with the Third, it bore the
real brunt of the fight. After Gettysburg, in
which we remember the Twelfth by its gallant de

fense of Culps' Hill, it went with Hooker to Ten
nessee where one division opened the line of sup
plies to the starving Army of the Cumberland and
fought "the battle in the clouds" on Lookout
Mountain. In April, 1864, the Twelfth Corps was
merged in the newly formed Twentieth, for the At
lanta campaign. After Mansfield's death, the com
mand of the Twelfth Corps was held by Major-
General H. W. Slocum except for very brief pe
riods, when it was headed by Brigadier-General A.
S. Williams, the senior division commander. In its
short career, the corps is said to have never lost a
gun or a color.
214]

JOHN C. PALFREY
Chief Engineer of the 13th
Army Corps.

EDWARD W. HINKS

Originally Colonel of the 8th

Infantry.

MASSACHUSETTS

(ABOVE)

CHARLES DEVENS

Colonel of the 15th Regiment.

Later Commanded Division.

GEORGE L. ANDREWS

Engaged in the Siege and Capture

of Port Hudson.

MICHIGAN

(BELOW)

[. M. OLIVER HENRY BAXTER JOSEPH T. COPEHXD

Originally Colonel of the Promoted for Gallantry at Originally Colonel of the
loth Regiment. the Wilderness. 5th Cavalry

FEDERAL
GENERALS

No. 11

WM. R. SH AFTER
Later Commander at Santiago, Cuba.

CHARLES C. DOOI.ITTI.E

Originally Colonel of the 18th Infantry;

Promoted for Merit.

BVRON- R. PIERCE HENRY A. MORROW RALPH ELY

Originally Colonel of the "Here to fight, not to surren- Leader of the Brigade which
3d Infantry. der" — Gettysburg, July 1. was first in Petersburg.

Army (Eurps

MAJOR-GENERAL JOSEPH KING FENNO MANS
FIELD (U.S.M.A. 1822) was born in New Haven,
Connecticut, December 22, 1803, and served in
the Mexican War and in the Engineer Corps.
From May, 1861, to March, 1862, he had charge
of the Department of Washington, and as brig
adier-general of volunteers commanded the Dis
trict of Suffolk of the Seventh Army Corps, and
captured the towTn of Norfolk in May. As major-
general of volunteers, he was put at the head of
the newly formed Twelfth Army Corps on Sep
tember 12, 1862, and was mortally wounded at
Antietam, on the 17th.

BREVET MAJOR-GENERAL ALPHEUS STARKEY
WILLIAMS was born in Saybrook, Connecticut,
September 10, 1810, was graduated from Yale
College, and held various political positions in De
troit where he also practised law. As colonel of a
Michigan regiment, when the Civil War broke out,
he was made brigadier-general of volunteers and

headed a brigade in the Department of Pennsyl
vania. Passing through the various organizations
of the Army of the Potomac, he was given a divi
sion in the Fifth Corps, which became the Second
Corps, Army of Virginia, and the Twelfth Corps,
Army of the Potomac, and finally was merged in
the Twentieth Corps, Army of the Cumberland.
Williams was the only general to lead the same
division through the whole of the war, although at
various times he temporarily headed the corps in
which he was placed. He was corps commander at
Antietam, after Mansfield fell ; at Gettysburg, and
also on the march to the sea and in the campaign
through the Carolinas. His brevet of major-gen
eral of volunteers for marked ability and energy,
was dated January 12, 1865, and a year later he
was mustered out of the service. After the war,
he was United States minister to San Salvador
(1866—69), and member of Congress from 1874
until his death, which occurred in Washington,
December 21, 1878.

Army

ON OCTOBER 24, 1862, the troops in the newly
created Department of the Tennessee, under
Major-General Grant, were designated the Thir
teenth Army Corps, and Major-General W. T.
Sherman was put in command. The troops were
scattered in many districts. Sherman organized
four of the divisions into the Yazoo Expedition,
and started on the campaign that ended in failure
at Chickasaw Bluffs, December 29, 1862. On
December 18th, the corps was subdivided, and the
Army of the Tennessee now consisted of the Thir
teenth, Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth
corps. Brigadier-General Morgan succeeded Sher
man, who commanded the whole department, at the
head of the new Thirteenth Army Corps. The
corps went with Major-General McClernand (Jan
uary 4-12, 1863) on the expedition to Arkansas
Post, the expedition being known as McClernard's
Army of the Mississippi, in which the Thirteenth
Coi-ps became the First Corps for that period.
Following Morgan, the commanders of the Thir
teenth Corps were Major-Generals J. A. McCler
nand, E. O. C. Ord (who succeeded when McCler
nand was relieved at Vicksburg), and C. C.. Wash-
burn. One division fought the battle of Helena
(July 4, 1863), and the battle of Port Gibson
(May 1, 1863) was fought almost entirely by it.

After Vicksburg, the corps invested Jackson, and
on August 7th it was transferred to the Army of
the Gulf, where its chief active service (two divi
sions) took place in the Red River campaign of
1864. New commanders of the corps while in the
Army of the Gulf were Major-General N. J. T.
Dana, and Brigadier-Generals T. E. G. Ransom,
R. A. Cameron, M. K. Lawler, and W. P. Bcnton.
On June 11, 1864, the troops of the corps were
transferred to other commands, but they were
largely brought together again for the Reserve
Corps, Army of the Gulf, in December, 1864, out
of which on February 18, 1865, a new Thirteenth
Army Corps was created, which, under command of
General Gordon Granger, took part in the capture
of Mobile, in April, 1865. The corps was discon
tinued at Galveston, Texas, July 20, 1865.

BRIGADIER - GENERAL GEORGE WASHINGTON
MORGAN was born in Washington County, Penn
sylvania, September 20, 1820. He did not grad
uate from West Point, which he entered in 1841,
but took up the practice of law in Mount Vemon,
Ohio. But he went to the Mexican War and
was brevetted brigadier-general. Entering the dip
lomatic service, he was consul at Marseilles and
minister to Portugal. When the Civil War broke

[216]

EGBERT B. BROWN JOHN D. STEVENSON ISAAC F. SHEPHARD

Originally of the 7th Originally Colonel of the Originally Colonel of the
Regiment. 7th Regiment. 3d Regiment.

JOSKPH CON'RAD

Xoted Brigade Commander.

GABRIEL R. PAUL
Gallant Figure at Gettysburg.

JOHN- McNEiL

Originally Colonel of the 3d
Infantry.

JOHN ELISHA PHELPS CLINTON B. FISK LEWIS B. PARSONS

Originally Colonel of the Originally Colonel of Promoted at the Close
2d Kansas Cavalry. the 33d Regiment. of the War.

FEDERAL GENERALS— No. 12

MISSOURI (ABOVE)

MICHIGAN (MIDDLE ONE BELOW)

MINNESOTA (FOUR REMAINING BELOW)

ALEXANDER ASBOTH

Promoted at the End of

the War.

NAPOLEON T. .1. DANA

Commander of a Brigade

in the Peninsula.

C. C. ANDREWS

Organizer and Division

Commander.

WILLIAM SANBORN

Promoted for Conspicuous

Gallantry.

STEPHEN MILLER

Colonel of the 7th Regiment;

Governor in 1S63.

WILLIS A. GORMAN

First Commander of

the 1st Minnesota.

Armg

out he returned, and was made brigadier-gen
eral of volunteers in November, 1861. He served
first under Buell and then as division commander
in the Department of the Tennessee (Thirteenth
Army Corps). He commanded a division in the
Yazoo Expedition, and was the first commander of
the reorganized Thirteenth Corps which he led at
the capture of Arkansas Post (January, 1863).
Ill-health compelled Jiiiu to resign from the service
in June, 1863. In 1868 and 1870, he was a mem
ber of Congress. He died at Old Point Comfort,
Virginia, July 26, 1893.

MAJOB-GENERAL JOHX ALEXANDER McCusa-
NAND was born in Brcckinridge County, Ken
tucky, May 30, 1812. He became a lawyer and
served in the Black Hawk War as private. He
was a member of Congress when the Civil War
broke out and resigned to enter it, being made
brigadier-general of volunteers in May, 1861. He
first distinguished himself at Belmont, November
7, 1861. After Fort Donelson, he was made major-
general of volunteers in the Army of West Tennes
see, and commanded a division at Shiloh. On Jan
uary 4, 1863, he replaced Sherman in command
of the Yazoo Expedition which, under the name of
McClernand's Army of the Mississippi, together
with the Mississippi Squadron, captured Arkansas
Post, January llth. Grant removed McClernand
from the command, and he was placed at the head
of the Thirteenth Army Corps, of which he was in
turn relieved on June 19th, during the siege of
Vicksburg. He commanded this corps again for a
short time in 1864>, while it was serving in the Army
of the Gulf. He resigned his commission on No
vember 30, 1864, and resumed the practice of law.
He died at Springfield, Illinois, September 20,
1900.

MAJOR-GENERAL CADWALLADER COLDEN WASH-
BURN was born in Livermore, Maine, April 22,
1818. He settled in Wisconsin as a lawyer and
financier. At the outbreak of the war he raised
the Second Wisconsin Cavalry, and as its colonel
was successful under Major-General Curtis in Ar
kansas. He rose to the rank of major-general of
volunteers in November, 1862, and later headed di
visions in the Army of the Tennessee. He was the
first commander of the reorganized Thirteenth
Army Corps, and went with it from the Army of
the Tennessee to that of the Gulf. After that, he
was at the head of the District of West Tennessee,
and resigned from the volunteer service in May,
1865. Later on, he was member of Congress and
governor of Wisconsin. He died at Eureka
Springs, Arkansas, May 14, 1882.

BREVET MAJOR-GENERAL THOMAS EDWARD
GREENFIELD RANSOM was born in Norwich, Ver
mont, November 29, 1834. He became a captain
in an Illinois regiment in April, 1861, and was
made brigadier-general of volunteers in Novem
ber, 1862. He fought at Fort Donelson and
Shiloh, and was for a time on Grant's staff. He
commanded a brigade in the Seventeenth Army
Corps during the Vicksburg campaign, and a de
tachment of the Thirteenth Army Corps on the
Red River expedition, in 1864. He was wounded
at Sabine Cross Roads. In the Atlanta campaign,
he commanded a division of the Sixteenth Army
Corps and headed that and the Seventeenth for
short periods. On October 10th, lie was obliged
to give up the Seventeenth Corps on account of
illness, and lie died, October 29th, near Rome,
Georgia. The brevet of major-general of volun
teers had been conferred on him in September, a
few weeks before his death.

Army

THE ORGANIZATION of the Army of the Ohio
into three corps, in September, 1862, was changed
on October 24th, when this force became the Army
of the Cumberland, and consisted of the Four
teenth Army Corps, with Major-General Rosecrans
at its head. In November, the Fourteenth Corps
was divided into the Right Wing, Center, and Left
Wing, and on January 9, 1863, the Center was
designated the Fourteenth Army Corps, with
Major-General George H. Thomas in command.

The corps fought at Stone's River and won its
greatest fame at Chickamauga. It also distin
guished itself at Missionary Ridge. It was prom
inent in the Atlanta campaign, and was one of the
two corps of the Army of Georgia in the march to
the sea and the campaign through the Carolinas.
It was discontinued August 1, 1865. Besides
Thomas, it was commanded by Major-Generals
John M. Palmer, Jeff. C. Davis, and Brigadier-
General R. W. Johnson.

[218]

Oilman Marston, Colo
nel of the 10th
Regiment.

Simon G. Griffin,
Leader at the
Crater Battle.

Joab X. Patterson,

Colonel of the 2d

Regiment.

Joseph H. Potter,

Promoted for

Gallantry.

John L. Thompson,

Colonel of the 1st

Cavalry.

FEDERAL GENERALS— No. 13— NEW HAMPSHIRE (ABOVE) NEW JERSEY (BELOW)

Joseph W. Revere, Originally
Colonel of the 7th Regi
ment. Promoted in 1862.

Gershom Mott, Active as a

Division Commander in the

Wilderness Campaign.

Ranald S. Mackenzie, Dash
ing Cavalry Leader in the
Army of the Potomac.

Horatio P. VanCleve, Divi
sion Leader at Stone's
River and Chickamauga.

Geo. W. Mindil, Originally

Colonel of the 33d

New Jersey.

Lewis C. Arnold, Active

Commander in

Florida.

William Birney, Brevetted

for Gallantry in

Action.

Edward Burd Grubb, Bre
vetted at the Close of
the War.

3Ftftotttlj Army

MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN McAuLEY PALMER was
born at Eagle Creek, Kentucky, September 13,
1817, and became a lawyer and politician. He
entered the Civil War as colonel of volunteers and
was major-general of volunteers before the end of
1862. His first service was with Fremont and
Pope in Missouri, and later he was given a division
of the Army of the Cumberland. For a short time
during the Tullahoma campaign he headed the
Twenty-first Corps. During the Atlanta campaign
he was in command of the Fourteenth Corps until
August, 1864. Later, he was in charge of the De
partment of Kentucky. After the war, he was
governor of Illinois, United States senator, and
candidate of the Gold Democrats for President, in
1896. He died in Springfield, Illinois, Septem
ber 25, 1900.

BREVET MAJOR-GENERAL JEFFERSON COLUM
BUS DAVIS was born in Clarke County, Indiana,
March 2, 1828, and served as a volunteer in the
Mexican War. After this he entered the regular
army. He was a lieutenant at Fort Sumter when
the Civil War broke out. Later on, he became
captain and then colonel of an Indiana Regiment,
and led a division in the Army of the Southwest
at Pea Ridge. As brigadier-general of volunteers,
he served as division commander in Pope's Army
of the Mississippi and also in that of the Cumber
land, and took command of the Fourteenth Army
Corps, August 22, 1864, and led it through
Georgia and the Carolinas until the close of the
war. He remained in the regular army as colonel,

and was at one time commander of the United
States troops in Alaska, and also was at the head
of the troops that quelled the Modoc uprising of
1873, after the murder of Canby. He received
the brevet of major-general in 1865. He died in
Chicago, November 30, 1879.

BREVET MAJOR-GENERAL RICHARD W. JOHN-
SOX (U.S.M.A. 1849) was born in Livingston
County, Kentucky, February 7, 1827, and saw his
first service on the frontier. He entered the Civil
War as captain of cavalry, becoming colonel of a
Kentucky regiment. He served in the Army of
the Cumberland and its prior organizations. His
commission as brigadier-general of volunteers was
dated October 19, 1861. As cavalry commander,
he was captured by Morgan in August, 1862. He
commanded a division at Stone's River, Chieka-
mauga, and Chattanooga, and was severely wound
ed at New Hope Church. For a short time in
August, 1864, he headed the Fourteenth Army
Corps. Then he took charge of the cavalry forces
in the Army of the Cumberland, and headed a di
vision at Nashville, for which service he received
a brevet of major-general in the regular army.
After the war he entered the regular army as
major in the Fourth Cavalry, also serving as pro
vost-marshal-general and judge advocate in sev
eral departments. He was professor of military
science in the University of Minnesota, 1869-71.
He retired as major-general in 1867, and after
1875 had the rank of brigadier-general. He died
in St. Paul, Minnesota, April 21, 1897.

Army

Two DIVISIONS and some district troops of the
Thirteenth Corps, Army of the Tennessee, were
constituted the Fifteenth, on December 18, 1862.
In two divisions, it was on Sherman's Yazoo Ex
pedition and was also known as the Second Corps,
McClernand's Army of the Mississippi, from Jan
uary 4 to January 12, 1863. The commanders
of the Fifteenth Corps were Major-Generals W. T.
Sherman, F. P. Blair, Jr., John A. Logan, Brig
adier-General M. L. Smith, and Major-Generals P.
J. Osterhaus and W. B. Hazen. The corps took
part in the Vicksburg campaign, the battle of Chat
tanooga, the. relief of Knoxville, the Atlanta cam
paign, and the last campaigns of Sherman. After
the Grand Review of May 24, 1865, the corps

went to Louisville, Kentucky, and one division
served with the army of occupation at Little Rock,
Arkansas. The corps was discontinued August 1,
1865.

MAJOR-GENERAL PETER JOSEPH OSTERHAUS
was born in Coblenz, Germany, in 1823, and served
as an officer in the Prussian army. He came to
St. Louis, and in 1861 entered the Union army as
major of volunteers. Later, as colonel, he had a
brigade in the Army of the Southwest, and at Pea
Ridge he commanded a division. Passing into the
Army of the Tennessee as brigadier-general of
volunteers, he commanded divisions in the Thir
teenth and Fifteenth corps, taking part in the

[220]

FEDERAL GENERALS

No. 14

NEW MEXICO

(LEFT)

NEBRASKA

(RIGHT)

NEW YORK

(BELOW)

Christopher Carson (Kit Carson), of New
Mexico, Famous Rocky Mountain Scout.

John M. Thayer, of Nebraska, an Impor
tant Division Commander.

Henry M. Judah, Conspicu
ous During Morgan's Raid
of 1863.

J. J. Bartlett Received the
Arms of Lee's Troops at
Appomattox.

Gustavus A. De Russy,

who was Brevetted

for Gallantry.

Charles K. Graham Led a

Brigade at Chancellors-

ville.

N. Martin Curtis, Pro
moted for Gallantry
at Fort Fisher.

Romeyn B. Ayres, Ac
tive as a Division
Commander.

Abram Duryee, First

Colonel of Duryee's

Zouaves.

John P. Hatch, Dash
ing Leader of Cav
alry.

Henry A. Barnum,
Conspicuous Bri
gade Leader.

Army

Vicksburg campaign and assisting Hooker in the
capture of Lookout Mountain. During the At
lanta campaign, he was made major-general of vol
unteers (July, 1864), and he commanded the Fif
teenth Army Corps on the march to the sea. He

was Major-General Canby's chief-of-staff in 1865.
After the war he resigned from the service, and was
American consul at Lyons, France. Thereafter,
remaining in Europe, he made his home in Mann
heim, Germany.

Army dorps

CREATED from three divisions and troops of sev
eral districts of the Thirteenth Army Corps on
December 18, 1862, with Major-General S. A.
Hurlbut in command. The corps was much di
vided during its existence, and divisions were sev
eral times exchanged for others in the Seventeenth
Corps. Some of it saw service at Vicksburg, but
little active fighting at that place. A division went
with Sherman to Chattanooga. Two divisions
were in the Atlanta campaign, and two on the
Red River expedition of 1864. Some troops
were sent to the Seventh Corps in Arkansas. The
corps was officially discontinued on November 1,
1864, but the right wing, under Major-General
A. J. Smith, known as "Detachment, Army of the
Tennessee," assisted Thomas at Nashville. Besides
Hurlbut, the command was held by Brigadier-Gen
eral C. S. Hamilton and Major-General N. J. T.
Dana. The left wing was commanded from time
to time by Major-Generals C. S. Hamilton, R. J.
Oglesby, Brigadier-General G. M. Dodge, Colonel
A. Mersey, and Brigadier-Generals E. A. Carr and
T. E. G. Ransom. The " Detachment," which in
cluded a division of the Seventeenth Army Corps,
was, on February 18, 1865, designated the Six
teenth Corps, with Smith in command. The corps
was now in the Military Division of West Missis
sippi and assisted in the last operations around
Mobile. It was discontinued July 20, 1865.

MAJOR-GENERAL STEPHEN AUGUSTUS HURLBUT
was born in Charleston, South Carolina, November
29, 1815, and was admitted to the bar in 1837. In
1845, he removed to Illinois and attained consider
able prominence in politics. At the opening of the
Civil War he was appointed a brigadier-general
of volunteers, and commanded a division at Shiloh.
Later, he was at the head of several districts in the
department and was given command of the reor
ganized Sixteenth Corps, Army of the Tennessee,
in December, 1862. In September, 1862, he was
promoted to major-general of volunteers. He suc
ceeded Major-General N. P. Banks in command

of the Army and Department of the Gulf. He left
the volunteer service at' the end of the war, and at
the time of his death, March 27, 1882, was United
States minister to Peru.

MAJOR-GENERAL GRKNVILLE MELLEN DODGE
was born in Danvers, Massachusetts, April 12,
1831. He was a member of the Government sur
vey in the West until the Civil War broke out,
when he went to the front as colonel of the Fourth
Iowa Infantry, in July, 1861. He fought with the
Army of the Southwest, and, being transferred to
the Department of Tennessee, he commanded the
troops in several districts thereof, as well as divi
sions of the Thirteenth and Sixteenth corps, hav
ing been made brigadier-general of volunteers in
March, 1862. In the summer of 1863, he was put
in command of the left wing of the Sixteenth Army
Corps as major-general of volunteers, and was
wounded on August 19, 1864, at Jonesboro,
Georgia, in the Atlanta campaign. In December,
1864, he succeeded Major-General Rosecrans in
the Department of Missouri, and remained there
until the close of the war. He resigned from the
service in May, 1866, and became chief engineer
of the Union Pacific and Texas Pacific railways.
In 1866-67, he was member of Congress from Iowa.
In 1898, he was at the head of the commission ap
pointed to investigate the conduct of the Spanish-
American war.

MAJOR-GENERAL ANDREW JACKSON SMITH (IT.
S.M.A. 1838) was born in Berks County, Pennsyl
vania, April 28, 1815, and served in the Mexican
War and in the West. He was made major in the
cavalry when the Civil War broke out. His ap
pointment of brigadier-general of volunteers was
dated March 17, 1862. He had a division in
the Army of the Ohio, but his name is chiefly as
sociated with the Army of the Tennessee. He
commanded a division in the Thirteenth Corps
and was with the Yazoo Expedition and McCler-
nand's Army of the Mississippi, and took part in

[222]

William Dwight, Originally

Colonel of the 70th

Regiment.

Morgan II. Clirysler, lire-
vetted for Meritorious
Services.

Hiram Berdan, Celebrated
Commander of Sharp
shooters.

Schuyler Hamilton, Con
spicuous at Island
No. 10.

W 1 a d i m i r Krzyzan owsk i,

Originally Colonel of

the 58th Regiment.

Henry E. Davies, Daring Joseph E. Hamblin, Origi- John Cochrane, Originally
Cavalry Leader nally Colonel of the Colonel of the 65th

in the East. 65th Volunteers. Regiment.

FEDERAL GENERALS

No. 15
NEW YORK

(CONTINUED)

Philip Regis De Trobriand,
Prominent Brigade
Commander.

Thomas W. Egan. Prominent

Brigade Commander

in the East.

Armg

the siege of Vicksburg. He commanded the right
wing of the Sixteenth Army Corps on the Red
River expedition, and, as major-general of volun
teers, in various operations in Tennessee and Mis
sissippi during the Atlanta campaign. He took
part in the battle of Nashville, and became com

mander of the reorganized Sixteenth Corps on Feb
ruary 18, 1865, participating in the closing opera
tions around Mobile. He reentered the regular
army as colonel in 1866, and was retired in 1899.
For a time he was postmaster of St. Louis. He
died in St Louis, January 30, 1897.

r Army (E0rp0

CREATED December 18, 1862, from troops in the
Thirteenth Corps, Army of the Tennessee, and the
command given to Major-Gencral J. B. McPher-
son, with whose name it is closely linked. Divisions
were exchanged with the Sixteenth Corps. It was
prominent in the operations on the Mississippi be
fore and after the fall of Vicksburg, and was a
member of Sherman's Meridian expedition. After
this the corps was divided : half remained in the
Mississippi valley ; the other two divisions went
with Sherman to Atlanta. The Mississippi section
was on the Red River expedition with Brigadier-
General A. J. Smith and formed part of the detach
ment that fought at Nashville. It never rejoined
the rest of the corps, which followed Sherman
through Georgia and the Carolinas. On August
1, 1865, the corps was discontinued. Besides Mc-
Pherson, it was commanded by Major-Generals F.
P. Blair, Jr., J. A. Mower, Brigadier-Generals T.
E. G. Ransom, M. D. Leggett, and W. W. Bel-
knap.

MAJOR-GENERAL FRANCIS PRESTON BLAIR, JR.,
was born in Lexington, Kentucky, February 19,
1821, and became a lawyer and editor in St. Louis.
He was a member of Congress for several years,
and at the outbreak of the Civil War he was instru
mental in saving Missouri to the Union. Entering
the army as colonel, his commission of major-gen
eral of volunteers was dated November 29, 1862.
He commanded a brigade on the Ya/oo expedition,
and afterward was division commander in the Fif
teenth Army Corps, and headed it for a short time.
In Sherman's campaigns to Atlanta and through
Georgia and the Carolinas, he commanded the
Seventeenth Army Corps. Resigning from the vol

unteer service in November, 1865, he was Demo
cratic nominee for vice-president in 1868, and sen
ator from Missouri, 1871-73. He died in St. Louis,
July 8, 1875.

MAJOR-GENERAL JOSEPH ANTHONY MOWER was
born in Woodstock, Vermont, August 22, 1827.
He served as a private in the Mexican War and
reentered the army as second lieutenant in 1855.
After the Civil War broke out, he was promoted
to a captaincy, became colonel of a Missouri regi
ment in May, 1862, and brigadier-general of vol
unteers in November of that year. He led his regi
ment in the attacks on Island No. 10, in other
activities in Kentucky and Tennessee, and headed
a brigade in the Army of the Mississippi at the
time it was discontinued, passing thence to bri
gades in the Thirteenth, Sixteenth, and Fifteenth
corps (Army of the Tennessee). With the latter,
he served at the siege of Vicksburg. From Decem
ber, 1863, to October, 186-t, he commanded a bri
gade and then a division in the right wing of the
Sixteenth Corps, and took part in the Red River
expedition and in the operations in Mississippi
and Tennessee while Sherman was fighting his way
to Atlanta. In October, he joined Sherman's army
at the head of a division of the Seventeenth Army
Corps, and was its commander for a short time. In
the closing days of the Carolina campaign he had
command of the Twentieth Army Corps. Mower
was appointed major-general of volunteers in
August, 186-1. After leaving the volunteer service
he continued as colonel in the regular army, serv
ing with the Thirty-ninth and Twenty-fifth infan
try. He commanded the Department of Louisi
ana. He died in New Orleans, January 6, 1870.

iEtghtmtilj Army

ON DECEMBER 2-i, 1862, the troops in the De- Foster was placed at its head. There were five di-
partment of North Carolina were designated the visions, at first. Two divisions were detached in
Eighteenth Army Corps, and Major-General J. G. February, 1863, and sent to the Tenth Corps,

[224]

John J. Peck, Commander Charles H. Tompkins, Pro- Edward E. Potter, Brevetted William H. Morris, Colonel
on the Peninsula. moted in 18G5. for Gallantry. of the 6tn Artillery.

Elisha G. Marshall Led a

Brigade in the Crater

Battle.

Robert Nugent, Originally John C. Robinson Com- James R. O'Beirne, Promoted
Colonel of the 69th manded a Division at from Major for

Regiment. Gettysburg. Gallantry.

Rush C. Hawkins, Colonel

of " Hawkins' Zouaves/'

!>lh In fa nt rv.

FEDERAL GENERALS

No. 16
NEW YORK (CONTINUED)

R. B. Potter, Commander of

a Division at Crater

Battle.

Armg (£0rp0

operating around Charleston Harbor. On July
15th, the Departments of Virginia and North Car
olina wore united, and on August 1st, the Seventh
Corps, including Getty's division of the Ninth, was
merged in the Eighteenth. The other command
ers of the corps were Brigadier-General I. N. Pal
mer, Major-Generals B. F. Butler, W. F. Smith,
Brigadier-General J. H. Martindale, Major-Gen
erals E. O. C. Ord, John Gibbon, Brigadier-General
C. A. Heckman, and Brevet Major-General God
frey Weitzel. In April, 1864, this corps, with the
Tenth, formed the Army of the James. It fought
a series of battles after reaching Bermuda Hun
dred — especially that at Drewry's Bluff. Later in
May, the corps joined the Army of the Potomac at
Cold Harbor, in which battle it was very prom
inent. Then it returned to Bermuda Hundred and
was very active in numerous engagements around
Petersburg until December 3, 186-4, when it was
discontinued. The white troops were merged in
the Twenty-fourth and the colored ones in the
Twenty-fifth Corps.

MAJOR-GEXERAI. JOHN GRAY FOSTER (U.S.
M.A. 1846) was born in Whitefield, New Hamp
shire, May 27, 1823. He rendered able service in
the Mexican War, taught engineering at West
Point, superintended Government works, and was
one of the officers garrisoned at Fort Sumter dur
ing the siege. He distinguished himself at the cap
ture of Roanoke Island and at New Berne ; as
sumed chief command of the Department of North
Carolina, the Department of Virginia and North
Carolina, the Department and Army of the Ohio,
and the Department of the South. He became
major-general of volunteers in July, 1862. Being
mustered out of the volunteer service in 1866, he,
with the rank of lieutenant-colonel of engineers,
continued his work on important engineering proj
ects of the Government. He died in Nashua, New
Hampshire, September 2, 1874.

BREVET MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN HENRY MAR
TINDALE (U.S. M.A. 1835) was born at Sandy Hill,
New York, March 20, 1815. He resigned from
the army the year after leaving West Point, but,
offering his services at the outbreak of the Civil
War, he was made brigadier-general of volunteers
in August, 1861. He was brigade commander in
several corps of the Army of the Potomac, and in
February, 1863, took charge of the troops in the
District of Washington — a portion of the Twenty-
second Army Corps. In May, 1864, he was as
signed to a division in the Pjighteenth Army Corps,
and for a short period in July, during the early

operations against Petersburg, he had command
of the corps itself. On September 13th, he re
signed from the service. The brevet of major-
general of volunteers was conferred upon him on
March 13, 1865, in recognition of his services at
the battle of Malvern Hill (1862). He became
attorney-general of the State of New York, and
died at Nice, France, December 13, 1881.

MAJOR-GEXERAL WILLIAM FARRAR SMITH (U.
S.M.A. 1845) was born in St. Albans, Vermont,
February 17, 1824, and taught mathematics at
West Point. In the early days of the Civil Wai-
he served on the staffs of Major-Generals Butler
and McDowell. His commission as major-general
of volunteers was dated July 4, 1862, to which
rank he was recommissioned March 9, 1864. After
leading a brigade and division in the early organiza
tion of the Army of the Potomac, he had divisions
in the Fourth and Sixth corps, and commanded
the latter in the battle of Fredericksburg. After
heading the Ninth Corps for a short time, he went
to the Department of the Susquehanna and later —
in 1863 — became chief engineer of the Army of the
Cumberland, where he rendered valuable assistance
in the relief of Chattanooga. In May, 1864, he
took command of the Eighteenth Corps in the
Army of the James and led it at the battle of Cold
Harbor, where it had joined the Army of the Po
tomac. He resigned from the volunteer service in
1865, and from the regular army in 1867, with the
brevet of major-general. He became president of
the International Telegraph Company, and was
president of the board of Police Commissioners in
New York City, 1877. After that, he practised
civil engineering. He died in Philadelphia, Feb
ruary 28, 1903.

BRIGAIHER-GKNERAL CHARLES ADAMS HECKMAX
was born in Easton, Pennsylvania, December 3,
1822. He served in the Mexican War, and went to
the Civil War as lieutenant-colonel of the Ninth
New Jersey Infantry. He became a colonel and
had a brigade in the Department of North Car
olina, where, after being made brigadier-general of
volunteers, he had a division in the Eighteenth
Army Corps. Later, he had charge of the District
of Beaufort and the defenses of New Berne and at
Newport News. On May 16, 1864, at the head of
a brigade he was captured at Drewry's Bluff. He
had temporary command of the Eighteenth Corps
in September, 1864, and was temporary commander
of the Twenty-fifth Army Corps, January-Febru
ary, 1865. He resigned from the service in May,
1865, and died in Philadelphia, January 14, 1896.

226]

Nelson Taylor, Originally Colonel John H. H. Ward, Originally Colonel Daniel niniann. Originally Colonel

of the 72d Regiment. of the 38th Regiment. of the 78th Regiment.

Adolph Von Steimvehr, Originally
Colonel of the 29th Infantrv.

FEDERAL

GENERALS

NEW YORK

(CONTINUED)

Emory I'pton Led a Storming Column
at Spotsylvania.

Kgbert L. Viele, Engaged at Fort
Pulaski and Norfolk.

Alexander Shalrr Commanded a Bri
gade at Spotsylvania.

[D— IS]

Armg

ON JANUARY 5, 1863, the troops in the Depart
ment of the Gulf were constituted the Nineteenth
Army Corps, with Major-General N. P. Banks in
command. Its other leaders were Major-General
W. B. Franklin, Brigadier-Generals W. H. Emory,
B. S. Roberts, M. K. Lawler, and Maj or-General
J. J. Reynolds. It operated in Louisiana, took
part in the investment of Port Hudson, and did
garrison duty until it went on the Red River ex
pedition in March, 1864, where it was prominent
at Sabine Cross Roads and in other engagements.
In July, the First and Second divisions, under Em
ory, went to Virginia, and entered the Army of the
Shenandoah and fought at the Opequon, Fisher's
Hill, and Cedar Creek. This "detachment," as it
was called until November 7th, was commanded by
Brigadier-Generals W. H. Emory and Cuvier Gro-
ver, and after the campaign in the Shenandoah, it
went, in different sections, to Savannah. Some of
the troops were afterward attached to the Tenth
Corps ; others, remained in Savannah until the
corps was discontinued on March 20, 1865, and
even longer. On November 7, 1864, the portion of
the corps that had remained in Louisiana was dis
continued, and the designation, Nineteenth Army
Corps, passed to the divisions operating in the

Shenandoah valley. Most of the troops in Louis
iana were put in the Gulf Reserve Corps, which, in
February, 1865, became the new Thirteenth Corps,
and assisted at the capture of Mobile.

MAJOR-GENERAL WILLIAM HEMSLEY EMORY
(U.S.M.A. 1831) was born in Queen Anne's
County, Maryland, September 9, 1811. He served
in the Mexican War, and later was appointed as
tronomer to the commission which determined the
boundary between Mexico and the United States.
As colonel, he entered the Civil War in the cavalry
of the Army of the Potomac, and, as brigadier-
general of volunteers, had a brigade in the Fourth
Army Corps after the Peninsula campaign. In
1863, he was sent to the Department of the Gulf,
where, for a time, he was in charge of the defenses
of New Orleans, and in May, 1864, he assumed
command of the Nineteenth Army Corps. In July,
with two divisions, he went to Washington and
the Shenandoah valley to assist in the campaign
against Early. He received the rank of major-
general of volunteers in September, 1865, and
commanded several departments after the war,
being retired in 1876, as brigadier-general. He
died in Washington, December 1, 1887.

Army (Enrpa

THE RIGHT WING of the Army of the Cumber
land was made the Twentieth Army Corps on Jan
uary 9, 1863, under Brigadier-General A. McD.
McCook, who held it until October 9, 1863, when it
was merged in the Fourth Corps, which had been
created on September 28th. It was prominent in
the engagement at Liberty Gap, Tennessee, June
25th, during the advance of the army to Tullaho-
ma, and eight of its brigades were in the battle
of Chickamauga.

MAJOR-GENERAL ALEXANDER McDowELL Mc-
COOK (U.S.M.A. 1863) was born in Columbiana
County, Ohio, April 22, 1831, and was the son of
Major Daniel McCook, whose eight other sons also
served in the Civil War. He did garrison duty in
the West and was an instructor at West Point. He
was colonel of the First Ohio at Bull Run, and
then, as brigadier-general of volunteers, went to the
Department of the Ohio, where he had a command,
and, later, a division at Shiloh and elsewhere, until

he headed the First Corps, Army of the Ohio, in
the Kentucky campaign against Bragg. He had
been made major-general of volunteers in July.
He had command of the right wing (Army of the
Cumberland), which bore the brunt of the attack
at Stone's River. In the new organization of the
army, he commanded the Twentieth Corps until
after the battle of Chickamauga. Later, he had
command of the northern defenses of Washington,
and the District of Eastern Kansas. Retiring from
the volunteer service, he resumed his rank of lieu
tenant-colonel in the regular army, serving with
the Twenty-sixth and other infantry regiments.
He was aide-de-camp to General Sherman from
1875 to 1880. In 1890 he was made brigadier-
general, and became major-general, in 1894. He
held several public positions of honor, and was re
tired in 1895. General McCook served on a com
mission to investigate the administration of the
War Department during the Spanish war. He
died in Dayton, Ohio, June 12, 1903.

[228]

George W. Von Schaack Led the

John H. Ketcham, Promoted for Seventh New York in the Charge Max Weber, in Command at Harper's

Gallantry During the War. against the Stonewall at Ferry in 1864.

Fredericksburg.

Charles G. Halpim
(Miles O'Reilly),
Poet and Author;
Assistant Adju
tant-General.

Charles H. Morgan,
Promoted to Reg
ular Rank for
Gallantry in
the Field.

Patrick H. Jones, Originally Colonel Charles H. Van Wyck, Originally Hiram C. Rogers Chief of Staff to

of the 154th Regiment. Colonel of the 56th Regiment. General H. W. blocum.

FEDERAL GENERALS

No. 18

NEW YORK

(Continued)

Guy V. Henry, Originally Colonel
of the 40th Regiment.

A CORPS with the designation of Twentieth was
created on April 4, 1864, from the troops of the
Eleventh and Twelfth corps which, under Hooker,
had joined the Army of the Cumberland in Octo
ber, 1863. One division never joined the main
body and finally engaged in Thomas' campaign
against Hood in Tennessee, but the remainder fol
lowed the fortunes of the Atlanta campaign, and

one of its brigades was the first to enter that city.
On the march to the sea and the campaign through
the Carolinas, the Twentieth Corps was part of
Slocum's Army of Georgia. The corps command
ers were Major-Generals Joseph Hooker, Henry
W. Slocum, Joseph A. Mower, and Brigadier-
General Alpheus S. Williams. The corps was dis
continued on June 1, 1865.

5fomtiy-ftr0t Armg (Enrps

THE LEFT WING of the Army of the Cumber
land was made the Twenty-first Army Corps on
January 9, 1863, and the command was given to
Major-General T. L. Crittendcn. Its other com
manders were Brigadier-Generals T. J. Wood and
Major-General J. M. Palmer. On October 9th, it
was consolidated with the original Twentieth
Corps and merged in the new Fourth Corps. The
only battle the Twenty-first Corps participated
in as an organization was Chickamauga, where
one division fought with Thomas throughout the
entire battle.

MAJOR-GENEBAL THOMAS LKOXIDAS CRITTKX-
DKX was born in Russell ville, Kentucky, May 15,
1815, and became a lawyer. He served in the

Mexican War and later was United States consul
at Liverpool, until 1853. In September, 1861, he
was given a division in the Army of the Ohio under
Buell, and was made major-general of volunteers
for his conduct at Shiloh. In the campaign against
Bragg, in Kentucky, he commanded the Second
Corps, Army of the Ohio ; the Left Wing, Army
of the Cumberland, at Stone's River and the
Twenty-first Army Corps at Chickamauga. For a
short period, May-June, 186-1, he led a division in
the Ninth Corps. He resigned from the volunteer
service in December, 1864, and after the war re-
entered the regular army as colonel. He received
the brevet of brigadier-general in 1867, was retired
in 1881, and died on Staten Island, New York,
October 23, 1893.

Army (ttnrps

CREATED February 2, 1863, and consisted of
the troops occuping the defenses of Washington.
It was first headed by Major-General S. P.
Heintzelman, and he was succeeded by Major-
Generals C. C. Augur and J. G. Parkc. This corps
saw active service only when it held the outer line
of works during Lieutenant-General Early's attack
on Washington, July 12, 1864. The roster of this
corps was constantly changing as the troops were
sent to reen force other corps, so that it had no
strong organization.

MAJOR-GENERAL CHRISTOPHER COLON AUGUR
(U.S.M.A. 1843) was born in New York, July 10,
1821. He served in the Mexican War, and the
campaign against the Oregon Indians. He entered

the Civil War as major in the infantry, and was
made brigadier of volunteers in November, 1861.
He was severely wounded at Cedar Mountain,
August 9, 1862, where he commanded a division
in the Second Corps, Army of Virginia. He sub
sequently, as major-general of volunteers, had a
division in the Nineteenth Corps, Army of the
Gulf, from January to July, 1863, and in October
was put in command of the Twenty-second Army
Corps (Department of Washington) where he re
mained until the close of the war. He returned to
the regular army in 1866, as colonel, and was made
brigadier-general in 1869. He commanded several
departments in the West and South and was retired
in July, 1885. He died in Washington, D. C.,.
January 16, 1898.

[230]

Samuel H. Hurst, Colonel of the 73d John AY. Sprague, Originally Colonel
Regiment. of the 03d Regiment.

Charles K. Manderson, Originally
Colonel of the 19th Infantry.

Eliakim P. Scamtnon, Colonel of the
23d Regiment.

Americus V. Riee, Originally Colonel
of the 57th Regiment.

Thomas C. H. Smith, Promoted from
the 1st Cavalry in 1862.

FEDERAL

GENERALS

No. 19— OHIO

Nathaniel C. McLean, Originally
Colonel of the 7th Infantry.

E. B. Tyler, Originally Colonel of
the 7th Infantry.

tr& Armg

CREATED April 27, 1863, out of troops in the
Department of the Ohio, then headed by Major-
General A. E. Burnside. The regiments forming
it had been stationed in Kentucky, and Major-Gen
eral G. L. Hartsuff was placed in command. He
was succeeded by Brigadier-Generals M. D. Man-
son, J. D. Cox, Major-Generals George Stoneman,
and J. M. Schoficld. The corps fought in Eastern
Tennessee and was besieged in Knoxville. As the
Army of the Ohio, it went on the Atlanta campaign
and after the capture of that city, it returned to
Tennessee and was prominent at Franklin and
Nashville. The corps was then (except two divi
sions) moved to North Carolina and captured
Wilmington in February, 1865. It joined Sher
man's army at Goldsboro and marched with it to
Washington. The corps was discontinued, August
1, 1865.

MAJOR-GEKERAI, GEORGE LUCAS HARTSUFF (U.
S.M.A. 1852) was born in Tyre, New York, May
28, 1830, and served in Texas and Florida. He
was at Fort Pickens from April to July, 1861, and
then under Rosecrans. At Cedar Mountain, Man-
assas, and Antietam, he commanded a brigade, and
in the last battle was severely wounded. In No
vember, he was made major-general of volunteers,
and after May, 1863, he was in command of the
new Twenty-third Army Corps until September 24,
1863. Toward the end of the siege of Petersburg,
he commanded the works at Bermuda Hundred.
After leaving the volunteer service at the conclu
sion of the war he continued in the regular army,
and was retired with the rank of major-general in
June, 1871, on account of his wounds. He died
in New York, May 16, 1874.

Armg

CREATED December 3, 1864, to consist of white
troops of the Tenth and Eighteenth corps, Army
of the James. Its first commander, Major-Gen-
eral E. O. C. Ord, headed it for only three days,
and he was followed by Brevet Major-General A.
H. Terry, Brigadier-General Charles Devens, Jr.,
Major-General John Gibbon, and Brevet Major-
General John W. Turner. One division was sent
to the operations against Fort Fisher, and its place
was taken by one from the Eighth Army Corps.
It was present at the final operations around
Petersburg, and the pursuit of Lee. The corps
was discontinued August 1, 1865.

MAJOR-GENERAL EDWARD OTHO CRESAP ORD
(U.S.M.A. 1839) was born in Cumberland, Mary
land, October 18, 1818. He served in the Seminole
War and in various Indian expeditions in the far
West. In 1859, he took part in the capture of

John Brown at Harper's Ferry. As brigadier-
general of volunteers, he commanded a brigade in
Buell's Division and the First Corps of the Army
of the Potomac from October, 1861, to April,
1862, and had a division in the Department of the
Kappahannock until June 10th. As major-gen
eral of volunteers, he commanded a division in the
Army of West Tennessee. Then he assumed com
mand of the Thirteenth Army Corps in the Armies
of the Tennessee, and of the Gulf; of the Eight
eenth Army Corps in the Department of Virginia
and North Carolina, and of the Twenty-fourth
Army Corps in the Army of the James, to the
command of which army he succeeded Major-Gen-
eral B. F. Butler in January, 1865. He was
wounded in the assault on Fort Harrison, but did
not give up his command. Ord was retired with
full rank of major-general in 1880, and died July
22, 1883, in Havana, Cuba.

2toi?ntg-ftftlf Armg

CREATED December 3, 1864, to consist of the A. Heckman. One division went with Terry to
colored troops of the Tenth and Eighteenth corps, Fort Fisher; the others remained in Virginia, tak-
Army of the James. Its commanders were Major- ing part in the final operations around Petersburg,
General Godfrey Weitzel and Brigadier-General C. and then formed the army of occupation in Texas.

[232]

James S. Robinson, Originally John G. Mitchell, Originally Colonel George W. Morgan, Commander of a

Colonel of the 82d Regiment. of the 113th Regiment. Division at Chickasaw Bluffs.

FEDERAL GENERALS—

No. 20
OHIO

James W. Forsyth, Origi
nally Colonel of the
18th U. S. Infant rv.

Ralph P. Buckland, Origi
nally Colonel of the 72d
Regiment.

Benjamin Potts, Originally

Colonel of the 32d

Regiment.

Charles G. Gilbert, Corps
Commander at Perry-
ville under Gen. Buell.

Jacob Ammen, Originally
Colonel of the 24th Ohio;
Led a Brigade at Shiloh.

Thomas Smith, Originally

Colonel of the 54th

Regiment.

(Corps — Army 0f ilje QDljui

Its last regiments were mustered out on January
8, 1866. In February, 1865, it numbered about
fourteen thousand troops.

MAJOR-GENERAL GODFREY WEITZEL (U.S.M.
A. 1855) was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, November
1, 1835, and entered the Engineer Corps. At the
opening of the Civil War, as first lieutenant, he
served at the defense of Fort Pickens and was chief
engineer of Butler's expedition to New Orleans,
the capture of which city he planned and the act
ing mayor of which he became. As brigadier-gen
eral of volunteers, he had a brigade in the Depart
ment of the Gulf, and a brigade and division in the
Nineteenth Army Corps at the siege of Port Hud
son, where he commanded the right wing of Major-
General Banks' forces. In May, 1864, he was

given a division in the Eighteenth Army Corps, and
later was chief engineer of the Army of the James,
and constructed the fortifications at Bermuda
Hundred and Deep Bottom. He was in command
of the Eighteenth Army Corps from October to
December, 1864, having been made major-general
of volunteers. On the formation of the Twenty-
fifth Army Corps (December, 1864) he was placed
at its head and remained so, except for one short
interval, until it was discontinued in January,
1866. He occupied Richmond, in April, 1865.
After commanding a district in Texas, he was mus
tered out of the service, and returned to engineer
ing work in the army. He became lieutenant-
colonel of engineers in 1882. He had been brevet-
ted major-general in the regular army in 1865.
He died in Philadelphia, March 19, 1884.

— Armij

THE ARMY OF THE OHIO was organized into
three corps on September 29, 1862. The First was
commanded by Major-General A. McDowell Mc-
Cook. It bore the chief part in the battle of

Perryville, Kentucky (October 8, 1862), and the
campaign against Bragg in Kentucky. On Octo
ber 24th, it was merged in the Fourteenth Corps,
known as the Army of the Cumberland.

Qlnrps — Army nf tlj?

THIS CORPS fought at Bardstown in the cam
paign against Bragg. It was headed by Major-
General T. L. Crittenden. It constituted the right
v/ing of the army, and was accompanied by Major-

General George H. Thomas, who was second in
command in the Army of the Ohio. Like the First
Corps it had a brief existence, and it was merged
in the Fourteenth Corps, October 24, 1862.

(Eorpa — Army 0f

THIS CORPS was commanded by Major-General
C. C. Gilbert. It took part in the Kentucky cam
paign, but was only slightly engaged in Perryville.
Its three divisions were commanded by Brigadier-

Generals Schoepff, Mitchell, and Sheridan and
Colonel Kennett. It was merged in the Fourteenth
Corps, October 24, 1862.

(ftatralnj

iitlttarg itmstnn nf

THE FIRST CAVALRY CORPS in the West was or
ganized in October, 1864, with Brevet Major-Gen-
cral J. H. Wilson at its head. There were seven
divisions, of which four took part in the battle of
Nashville, December 15th and 16th. Wilson entered
Alabama in March, 1865, and the corps fought

its last engagement with Forrest at Columbus,
Georgia, on April 16th. One division of this corps,
under Brigadier-General Judson Kilpatrick, con
sisting of four brigades, accompanied Sherman's
army through Georgia and the Carolinas, and was
present at Bentonville and Johnston's surrender.

[234]

Emerson Opdycke, Brevett.ed for Henry Van Ness Boynton, Deco- Joseph Warren Keifer, Originally

Gallantry at tlie Buttle of Franklin. rated for Gallantry in Action. Colonel of the 110th Regiment.

FEDERAL GENERALS

No. 21

OHIO (CONTINUSD)

John Beatty, Originally Colonel
of the 3d Regiment of Infantry.

Joel A. Dewey, Originally Colonel
of the lllth U. S. Colored Troops.

Hugh Ewing, Brevetted for Gal- George P. Este, Originally Colonel Catherinus P. Buckingham, Ap-
lantry in 1865. of the 14th Infantry. pointed in 1862.

daualry Itfoms — i^partm^nt of

THE CAVALRY was a separate command in the erals R. B. Mitchell, W. L. Elliott, and R. W.

Army of the Cumberland after the reorganization Johnson. In October, 1864, this force was in-

of January 9, 1863. It was headed in turn by eluded in the newly formed Cavalry Corps of the

Ma j or-General D. S. Stanley and Brigadier-Gen- Military Division of the Mississippi.

Qlorps— Artmj of % (Eumtorlanft

ORGANIZED June 8, 1863, and discontinued General Gordon Granger was its commander. It
October 9th, when the troops were merged in the served through the Tullahoma campaign, and went
reorganized Fourth and Fourteenth corps. Major- to the assistance of Thomas at Chickamauga.

dorps— Armg of % (iulf

THE TROOPS of the Nineteenth Corps that were
not sent to Washington and the Shenandoah valley
were organized into the Reserve Corps of the Army
of the Gulf, on December 5, 1864. It was com-

rnandcd by Major-Generals J. J. Reynolds and

Gordon Granger, and was merged in the reor-

ganized Thirteenth Army Corps, February 18,
1865.

ffiarolma

(EorpH

ORGANIZED under the command of Brigadier-
General T. W. Sherman in September and Octo-
ber, 1861. It consisted of three brigades. This
was the force that assisted the navy at the capture
of Port Royal, occupying the abandoned works
and garrisoning the base thus secured. It formed
the nucleus of the Department of the South and
the Tenth Army Corps,

BRIGADIER-GENERAL THOMAS WEST SHERMAN
(U.S.M.A. 1836) was born at Newport, Rhode
Island, March 26, 1813. He served in the Scm-
inole War and as captain in the War with Mcx-
ico. At the opening of the Civil War, he was
lieutenant in the artillery, and was promoted
to brigadier-general of volunteers, May 17, 1861.
He was placed at the head of the South Caro-

lina Expeditional Corps and commanded the land
forces in the operations around Port Royal. Af-
ter that, he commanded a division in Grant's
Army of West Tennessee. In September, 1862,
he was put at the head of the Federal troops at
Carrollton, Louisiana, in the Department of the
Gulf, and in January, 1863, took charge of the
defenses of New Orleans. He went with Banks to
Port Hudson, in May, 1863, as division com-
mandcr in the Nineteenth Army Corps. After
that, he was again stationed at New Orleans with
the reserve artillery and at the defenses of the city.
After leaving the volunteer service at the close
of the war, he was colonel of the Third Artillery,
at Fort Adams, Rhode Island. On December 31,
1870, he was retired with full rank, of major-
general. He died in Newport, March 16, 1879.

3fir0t (Eorpa — Armg of Utrgtnta

CREATED June 26, 1862, from troops in the Brigadier-General R. C. Schenck headed the corps
Mountain Department under Major-Gcneral Fre- for short periods. After the close of Pope's Vir-
mont, who, refusing to serve under Maj or-General ginia campaign, it was merged in the Eleventh
Pope, was replaced by Maj or-General Franz Sigel. Corps, Army of the Potomac, September 12, 1862.

[236]

Fraiiklin Sawyer, Orig- Anson G. McCook, Henry M. Cist, Pro- Charles H. Grosvc- Timothy Stanley, Orig
inally Colonel of the Colonel of the 194th moted for Gallantry nor, Colonel of the inally Colonel of the
8th Regiment. Regiment. at Stone's River. 18th Veteran. 18th Regiment.

Anson Stager, Conspicuous in the
Telegraph Corps.

Henry C. Corbin, Colonel of Colored
Infantry; Later Lieutenant-Gen
eral of the United States Army.

William S. Smith, Originally Colonel
of the 13th Regiment.

FEDERAL
GENERALS

—No. 22—
OHIO

William B. Woods, Originally Colonel of
the 76th Regiment.

Robert K. Sc-ott, Originally Colonel of
the 68th Regiment.

Army nf Hirgmia

C'REATED June £6, 1862, from the troops in the
Department of the Shenandoah. It was com
manded by Major-General N. P. Banks, and later
by Brigadier-General A. S. Williams. It defeated

Jackson at Cedar Mountain and fought in the
other battles of the campaign. When the Army
of Virginia was discontinued it was merged in the
Twelfth Corps, Army of the Potomac.

®htr& (Enrps — Army of Tfirgima

CREATED June 26, 1862, from the troops in the
Department of the Rappahannock, previously the
First Corps of the Army of the Potomac. It was
commanded by Major-General Irvin McDowell

and later by Brigadier-General J. B. Ricketts and
Major-General Joseph Hooker. On the discon
tinuation of the Army of Virginia, it became again
the First Corps of the Army of the Potomac.

(Uatmlry OInrpa — Armg nf ilj?

A CAVALRY DIVISION under Brigadier-General
A. Pleasonton was organized in July, 1862, and
was with the Army of the Potomac, until Febru
ary, 1863, when the Cavalry Corps was created
with Major-General George Stoneman at its head.
Its other commanders were Brigadier-Generals A.
Pleasonton, D. McM. Gregg, Major-General P. H.
Sheridan, Brigadier-General A. T. A. Torbert,
Brevet Brigadier-General William Wells, Major-
Generals Wesley Merritt and George Crook. Two
divisions were transferred to the Army of the Shen
andoah in August, 186-i, and remained witli it until
til March, 1865. At first, the corps numbered over
eleven thousand men. It saw constant active serv
ice ; its most important battle being the one at Bev
erly Ford, Virginia, on June 9, 186-3. Its hardest
fighting took place in the Wilderness campaign of
1864. The corps was broken up in May, 1865.

MAJOR-GENERAL PHILIP HENRY SHERIDAN
(U.S.M.A. 1853) was born in Albany, New
York, March 6, 1831. After service in the West he
became captain in May, 1861. He was on the staff
of Halleck at Corinth, and in May, 1862, was
made colonel of the Second Michigan Cavalry.
Defeating Forrest's and repulsing Chalmcr's supe
rior force at Booneville, he was made brigadier-
general of volunteers. In August, he defeated
Falkner in Mississippi, and in September com
manded a division in the Army of the Ohio, at
Perryville and another in the Army of the Cum
berland at Stone's River, for which service he was
made major-general of volunteers and fought with
great ability at Chickamauga and Missionary
Ridge. In April, 1864, he was transferred to the
command of the Cavalry Corps, Army of the Poto
mac, and in August he was put at the head of

the Army of the Shenandoah and defeated Early
at Cedar Creek. In December, 1864, he was made
major-general in the regular army, lieutenant-gen
eral in March, 1869, and general June 1, 1888. He
died in Nonquit, Massachusetts, August 5, 1888.

BREVET MAJOR-GENERAL ALFRED THOMAS
ARCHIMEDES TORBERT (U.S.M.A. 1855) was born
in Georgetown, Delaware, July 1, 1833. He en
tered the Civil War as colonel of the First New
Jersey Volunteers, and commanded a brigade in
the Sixth Army Corps. He had command of a
division in the Sixth Corps, March— April, 1864,
after which he had a division in the Cavalry Corps,
and was given command of the Corps on August
6, 1864. He resigned in 1866, with the brevet of
major-general of volunteers and served as United
States consul-general at Havana in 1871. Sep
tember 30, 1880, he was drowned in the wreck of
the ill-fated steamer Vera Cruz off the Florida coast.

MAJOR-GENERAL WESLEY MERRITT (U.S.M.A.
I860) was born in New York, June 16, 1836. In
1861, lie was at first, second and then first lieu
tenant of cavalry. He served throughout the
Civil War, for the most part in the cavalry of the
Army of the Potomac, where he rose to the com
mand of the Cavalry Corps in the Shenandoah on
January 26, 1865, and in the Army of the Poto
mac from March 25-May 22, 1865. After the war
he served in various Indian campaigns, was super
intendent of the United States Military Academy
at West Point, and in May, 1898, was given com
mand of the United States forces to be sent to the
Philippines. He was first American military gov
ernor of those islands. He retired from the army
in 1900 and died December 3, 1910.

[ 238 ]

VII

CONFEDERATE
ARMIES

AND
GENERALS

CONFEDERATES OF '(>! AT THE BIRTH OF THE SOUTHERN ARMY, WHEN"
"GUARDS," "GRAYS," AND "RIFLES" ABOUNDED — THESE ARE THE "PELICAN
RIFLES" OF BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA, LATER MERGED INTO THE SEVENTH
LOUISIANA VOLUNTEERS WHICH SUFFERED THE HEAVIEST LOSS OF ANY CON
FEDERATE REGIMENT ENGAGED IN THE FIGHT AT PORT REPUBLIC, JUNE 9, 1862

Armies nf tlje (Ennfrtorat?

THE permanent Constitution of the Confeder
ate States of America provided that the Pres
ident should be commander-m-chief of the army
and navy, and of the militia of the several States
when called into actual service. Accordingly, in
any consideration of the Confederate army, the
part played by President Davis must be borne in
mind ; also the fact that he previously had seen
service in the United States army and that he had
been Secretary of War of the United States. As
Secretaries of War in the Confederate States Gov
ernment there were associated with President
Davis, the following : LeRoy Pope Walker, of Ala
bama, February 21, 1861, to September 17, 1861 ;
Judah P. Benjamin, of Louisiana, September 17,
1861, to March 17, 1862; George W. Ran
dolph, of Virginia, March 17, 1862, to November
17, 1862; Major-General Gustavus W. Smith, of
Kentucky, November 17, 1862, to November 21,
1862 ; James A. Seddon, of Virginia, from No
vember 21, 1862, to February 6, 1865 ; and Major-
General John C. Breckinridge, of Kentucky, Feb
ruary 6, 1865, to the close of the war.

Unlike the Union army there were generals, both

regular and of the provisional army, as well as
lieutenant-generals ; it being the intention that
every commander of an army should rank as gen
eral, and every commander of a corps should rank
as lieutenant-general. Such was the case with
the generals mentioned in the biographical matter
following in connection with the various armies
and other organizations. An exception to this
statement was General Samuel Cooper, who served
at Richmond as adjutant and inspector-general.

GENERAL SAMUEL COOPER (U.S.M.A. 1815)
was born in Hackensack, New Jersey, June 12.
1798, and served in the army, receiving the brevet
of colonel for his services in the Mexican War.
He resigned in March, 1861, to enter the service of
the Confederacy. He was appointed general on
May 16th, but, owing to his age, took no active
part in the field. He was adjutant and inspector-
general of the Confederate States army through
out the entire war, performing his duties with
great thoroughness and ability. He died at Came
ron, Virginia, December 3, 1876.

Armg 0f tty

MAJOR-GENERAL KENTON HARPER, of the Vir
ginia State forces, had collected about two thou
sand Virginia volunteers at Harper's Ferry as
early as April 21, 1861. He was relieved on
the 28th by Colonel Thomas J. Jackson, and
the mustering in of volunteers went rapidly on.
On May 24th, Brigadier-General Joseph E. John
ston assumed command of the troops, and on
June 30th, there were 10,654 present for duty,
in four brigades and cavalry. This was the force
that opposed Major-General Patterson in the Val
ley, and it was known as the Army of the Shenan-
doah. It took part in the engagement at Falling
Waters, July 2d, and the skirmishes near Bunker
Hill and Charlestown. Strengthened with eight
Southern regiments, this army started for Manas-
sas, on July 18th, and took part in the first battle
of Bull Run. After this, it formed a part of the
Confederate Army of the Potomac.

GENERAL JOSEPH EGGLESTON JOHNSTON (U.S.
M.A. 1829) was born in Cherry Grove, near Farm-
ville, Virginia, February 3, 1807. He served in the

Black Hawk, Seminole, and Mexican wars, in the
last of which he was twice severely wounded. He
resigned his rank of brigadier-general to enter the
Confederate service on April 20, 1861, and was
given the rank of general in August. He was in
command at Harper's Ferry after May 24th, and
headed the Army of the Shcnandoah. He brought
his troops to Manassas and superseded Beaure-
gard in the command, at Bull Run, joining his
force to the Arm}^ of the Potomac. In command
of the Army of Northern Virginia, he was severely
wounded at Fair Oaks. In November, 1862, he was
assigned to the head of the Department of Ten
nessee, but outside of an attempt to relieve Pem-
berton at Vicksburg in May, 1863, he saw no active
service until he assumed command of the Army of
Tennessee in December, 1863. He opposed Sher
man during the Atlanta campaign of 1864, being
superseded by General Hood on July 18th. His
strategy was much criticised at the time, but it is
now recognized that he displayed great ability
during the campaign. In February, 1865, he was
again given command of the Army of Tennessee,

[240]

CONFEDERATE

GENERALS

FULL RANK

BEAUREGARD

AND
JOHNSTON

All the officers who
held the rank of Gen
eral in the Confed
erate States Army are
shown here, except
ing Robert E. Lee,
whose portrait has
already appeared in
this volume, an d
Albert Sidney John
ston, whose portrait
appears among those
killed in battle.

Pierre Gustave Tou-
tant Beauregard re
ceived the Surrender
of the First Federal
Citadel — Fort Sum-
ter; Fought in De
fense of the Last Con
federate Citadel — the
City of Petersburg.

Joseph Eggleston
Johnston commanded
the First and the Last
Great Aggressive
Movements of Con
federate Armies — Bull
Run and Bentonville.

Army of tlj? Jbuiusula

and attempted to prevent Sherman's advance
through the Carolinas. .Johnston's capitulation
was agreed upon near Durham's Station, North

Carolina, April 26, 1865. He was United States
commissioner of railroads from 1885 to 1889. He
died in Washington, March 21, 1891.

Army

THE DEPARTMENT OF THE PENINSULA was es
tablished on May 26, 1861, and Colonel John B.
Magruder was put in command. The troops there
in were organized into divisions in November, and
denominated the Army of the Peninsula. In De
cember, the aggregate present was about sixteen
thousand. On April 12, 1862, it was merged in
the Army of Northern Virginia — constituting,
under Major-General Magruder, the right wing
of that army.

MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN BANKHEAD MAGRUDER
(U.S.M.A. 1830) was born at Winchester, Vir
ginia, August 15, 1810, and served in the Seminolc
and Mexican wars. He was stationed in Washing
ton in 1861, and resigned in April to enter the
Confederate service as colonel. He had charge of
the artillery in and around Richmond, and after
May 21st, a division in the Department of the
Peninsula, the troops of which were later desig

nated the Army of the Peninsula. On June 10th,
his division repelled the attack of Major-General
B. F. Butler at Big Bethel, for which feat he was
made brigadier-general. In October, he was pro
moted to major-general. Having fortified the Pen
insula, he kept McClellan's army in check in April,
1862. On April 18th, his forces became the Right
Wing of the Army of Northern Virginia, and he
commanded it during the Peninsula campaign.
Magruder was then appointed to the Trans-Mis
sissippi Department, in order to prosecute the war
more vigorously in the West, but the assignment
was changed, and in October, 1862, he was given
the District of Texas, which was afterward en
larged to include New Mexico and Arizona. Ma
gruder recaptured Galveston, January 1, 1863, and
kept the port open. After the war he served in
the army of Maximilian, and after the fall of the
Mexican empire settled in Houston, Texas, where
he died, February 19, 1871.

Army of ill?

THE TROOPS assigned to operate in northwest
ern Virginia were placed under the command of
Brigadier-General R. S. Garnett on .June 8, 1861,
and were subsequently known as the Army of the
Northwest. This was the force that opposed Mc-
Clcllan and Rosccrans in West Virginia, and was
defeated at Rich Mountain and other places. On
July 13th, Garnett was killed while retreating, and
Brigadier-General Henry R. Jackson was put in
command, to be superseded, within a week, by Brig
adier-General W. W. Loring. Early in 1862, dis
sension arose between Loring and T. J. Jackson,
commanding the Valley District (Department of
Northern Virginia), which led to the latter pre-
ferring charges against the commander of the
Army of the Northwest. As a result, the Secretary
of War, on February 9, 1862, divided the army,
sending some of the regiments to Knoxville, some to
the Aquia District, and the remainder to the Army
of the Potomac (Department of Northern Virginia).
After this, the forces under Brigadier-General Ed
ward Johnson stationed at Camp Alleghany, and
sometimes called the Army of the Alleghany, con

tinued to be called the Armv of the Northwest. Its
aggregate strength in March, 1862, was about four
thousand. It finally came under Jackson in the
Valley District and passed into the Army of
Northern Virginia.

BRIGADIER-GENERAL ROBERT SELDEN GARNETT
(U.S.M.A. 1841) was born in Essex County, Vir
ginia, December 16, 1819, and served in the Mex
ican War as aide to General Taylor. At the out
break of the Civil War he entered the Confederate
service, and in June, 1861, was appointed briga
dier-general, with command of the Army of the
Northwest. In the action at Carrick's Ford he was
killed, June 13, 1861.

BRIGADIER-GENERAL HENRY ROOTES JACKSON
was born in Athens. Georgia, June 24, 1820, and
became a lawyer. He served in the Mexican War
as colonel of the First Georgia Volunteers, and was
charge d'affaires at Vienna, in 1863. As United
States district attorney for Georgia he aided in
trying slave-trading cases. At the outbreak of the

[242]

\

JOHN BELL HOOD EDMUND KIRBY SMITH

To Paraphrase a Classic Eulogy, "None Led with More Glory Skilful and Persistent Fighter Against Odds and Ever
than Hood, yet Many Led and There Was Much Glory." Indomitable in the Face of Reverses in the Field.

BRAXTOX BRAGG

Leader in Three of the Fiercest Battles of the War and

Carried the Southern Battle Line to Its Farthest North

in the West; A Record of Four Years in the Field.

SAMUEL COOPER

Ranking Officer of the Army. All Commanding Generals Re-

ported to Cooper and Received All Orders from Him. His

Post and Duties were those of a Modem Cnief of Staff.

CONFEDERATE GENERALS— FULL RANK
HOOD, KIRBY SMITH, BRAGG AND COOPER

[D-1G]

Armg nf tfj? Jtatmnar

Civil War he entered the Confederate Army as a
brigadier-general, succeeding to temporary com
mand of the Army of the Northwest after Brigadier-
General Garnett was killed. He resigned his com
mission because he could not obtain leave of ab
sence to take charge of the Georgia coast defenses,
to which post he was called by the Governor of
Georgia, who made him a major-general in com
mand of the State troops. After these became part
of the Confederate army, in 1862, Jackson received
no commission until July, 1864, when he was as
signed a brigade in the Army of Tennessee. Dur
ing the battle of Nashville he was made prisoner
and not released until the close of the war, when
he returned to Savannah to practise law. He was
United States minister to Mexico in 1885, and died
in Savannah, May 23, 1898.

MAJOR-GENERAL WILLIAM WING LORING was
born in Wilmington, North Carolina, December 4,
1818, and served in the Seminole and Mexican
wars. In the latter he lost an arm. Later, he was
colonel of a regiment sent against the Indians in
New Mexico. He resigned from the army to enter
the Confederate service, and came into command

of the Army of the Northwest, July 20, 1861. He
was made major-general in February, 1862. His
chief active service was in Kentucky, and in Mis
sissippi, before and during the Vicksburg cam
paign ; in that same State under Polk, and as di
vision commander in the Army of Mississippi in the
Atlanta campaign, and in the Army of Tennessee
at Franklin and Nashville, and under Johnston in
the Carolinas. After the war he went to Egypt,
where he served as general in command of a division
in the army of the Khedive. He died in New York
city, December 30, 1886.

MAJOR-GENERAL EDWARD JOHNSON (U.S.M.
A. 1838) was born in Chesterfield County, Vir
ginia, April 16, 1816, and served in the Mexican
War. He entered the Confederate army and was
made a brigadier-general, commanding the North
west forces directly under Major-General T. J.
Jackson, in May, 1862. The next year (Febru
ary, 1863), he was made major-general. He had
a division in the Second Corps, Army of Northern
Virginia, and in September, 1864, was assigned to
the division of the Second Corps, Army of Tennes
see. He died in Richmond, Virginia, March 2,1873.

Army flf

ON MAY 24, 1861, Brigadier-General M. L.
Bonham was placed in command of the troops on
the line of Alexandria. On the 31st, he was relieved
by Brigadier-General P. G. T. Bcaurcgard. The
forces here gathered were denominated the Army
of the Potomac (afterward First Corps, Army of
the Potomac) and consisted of six brigades, some
unattached troops, and artillery, by the date of
the battle of Bull Run. The Army of the Shenan-
tloah joined this force on July 20th, when John
ston superseded Beauregard. The Department of
Northern Virginia was created October 22, 1861,
with Johnston at its head. It included the Dis
trict of the Potomac (Bcaurcgard) ; Valley Dis
trict (T. J. Jackson), and Aquia District (T. H.
Holmes.) In February, 1862, some of the troops
in the Army of the Northwest came under John
ston's control, giving his entire command a strength
of over eighty-two thousand. Beauregard had
been sent to Kentucky on January 29th, and the
troops in the Potomac district were now divided
into four divisions with several separate detach
ments. On March 14th, the Army of the Potomac
was denominated the Army of Northern Virginia.
The total force then amounted to about fifty-five
thousand.

GKXKRAL PIERRE GUSTAVE TOUTANT BEAURE-
GARD (U.S.M. A. 1838) was born near New Or
leans, May 28, 1818, and entered the Engineer
Corps. He served with distinction in the Mexican
War, and at the outbreak of the Civil War re
signed his commission (February 20, 1861), to
enter the Confederate army as a brigadier-general,
being given command of the Confederate forces
bombarding Fort Sumter. He took command of
the Army of the Potomac on June 20th. After Bull
Run lie was made general. He was given the com
mand of the Army of the Mississippi in March,
1862, and was second in command after A. S.
Johnston joined his forces with it. After the lat-
ter's death at Shiloh, Beauregard remained at the
head of the army until after the withdrawal from
Corinth at the end of May. In 1863, he defended
Charleston, and after May, 1864, cooperated with
Lee in the defense of Petersburg and Richmond.
He commanded the Confederate forces in the Car
olinas in 1865, merging them with those under
General J. E. Johnston, and surrendered his army
to Sherman. After the war, he was a railroad pres
ident, adjutant-general of Louisiana, and manager
of the State lottery. He died in New Orleans, Feb
ruary 20, 1893.

[244]

RICHARD STODDERT EWELL

A Battle Record from July 21, 1861, to April 6, 1865.
Fought Nearly Three Years on a Wooden Leg.

JAMES LONGSTREET

None Knew Better than Longstreet's Opponents How and
Where He Earned the Sobriquet "Lee's Warhorse."

JUBAL ANDERSON EARLY

Modest in Victory, Undaunted by Defeat, He Defended the
Shenandoah Against Enormous Odds.

DANIEL HARVEY HILL

Had No Superior as the Marshal of a Division in
Assault or Defense.

LIEUTENANT-GENERALS OF THE CONFEDERACY— GROUP No. 1

On this and the two pages following appear portraits of all officers who held the rank of Lieutenant-
General in the Confederate States Army, with the exception of " Stonewall " Jackson and
A. P. Hill, whose portraits have appeared among the general officers killed in battle.

Armtj nf Nnrtlj^rn Utrgtma

GENERAL J. E. JOHNSTON was wounded at»Scvcn
Pines, May 31, 1862, and Major-General G.
W. Smith took command of the Army of North
ern Virginia. On June 1st, General Robert E. Lee
assumed command. In April, the forces on the
Peninsula had been included in this army, and
now the troops in eastern Virginia and North Car
olina were made part of it. By the end of July,
1862, the division organization had been further
concentrated into three commands, or corps,
headed by Major-Generals T. J. Jackson, James
Longstreet, and D. H. Hill, with cavalry under
Brigadier-General J. E. B. Stuart, and artillery
under Brigadier-General W. N. Pendleton. There
was an aggregate present of about ninety-five thou
sand. Subsequently, the army took a more per
manent form in two corps commanded by Jackson
and Longstreet, with cavalry corps and artillery
separate. Lieutenant-Gencral A. P. Hill was given
the Second Corps after Jackson's death, and on

May 30, 1863, this was divided, with additions
from the First Corps, into the Second and Third
corps, commanded by Lieutenant-Generals R. S.
Ewell and A. P. Hill respectively. The army
numbered about seventy thousand in the Gcttvs-
burg campaign. This organization of the main
body of the army continued throughout the war,
although other generals, for various reasons, com
manded the corps from time to time. A new
corps of North Carolina and Virginia troops under
Lieutenant-General R. H. Anderson was added at
the end of 1864. Longstrect's corps, with the ex
ception of Pickett's division, was with the Army
of Tennessee, and in eastern Tennessee, for a short
period in 1863 and 1864, at and after the battle
of Chickamauga. The last report of the armv»
February, 1865, showed an aggregate present of
over seventy-three thousand. The Army of North
ern Virginia laid down its arms at Appomattox
Court House, April 9, 1865.

(ttnrpa — Armg of

THE ORGANIZATION of the volunteer Confeder
ate forces under Brigadier-General Beauregard
into the First Corps, Army of the Potomac, was
announced on June 20, 1861. There were then
six brigades, which number was increased later to
eight. The strength of the corps was about thirty
thousand. A division organization was afterward
adopted, and one of these divisions, commanded by
Major-Gcneral Longstreet, was denominated the
Center of Position, Army of Northern Virginia, at
the opening of the Peninsula campaign. It con
tained about fourteen thousand men. As the Sec
ond Division (or Corps) of the army, the troops
fought from Fair Oaks, where they were known as
the Right Wing, through the Seven Days' battles.
Toward the end of July, the army was further con
centrated into commands of which one, consisting
of six divisions, was headed by Longstreet, and
this, during the campaign against Pope, was called
the Right Wing or Longstreet's Corps. After
the battle of Antietam, the corps was desig
nated the First Corps, Army of Northern Vir
ginia. In September, 1863, Lee sent the
corps, with the exception of Pickett's division,
to assist Bragg, and, as Longstreet's Corps, fought
in the Army of Tennessee at Chickamauga and
remained in East Tennessee until April, 1864,
when it rejoined the Army of Virginia. Major-

General R. H. Anderson succeeded to the command
of the corps after Longstreet was wounded at the
battle of the Wilderness, May 6th. The latter re
turned to his corps, October 19th, and continued
at the head until the surrender at Appomattox.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET (U.
S.M.A. 1842) was born in Edgcficld District,
South Carolina, January 8, 1821, and served in the
Mexican War, where he was severely wounded. In
June, 1861, he resigned as major in the army and
was appointed brigadier-general in the Confeder
ate service. As major-general, he had a division,
and, later, as lieutenant-general, the First Corps
of the Army of Northern Virginia. In September,

1863, he was sent with part of his corps to Ten
nessee and took command of the left wing at the
battle of Chickamauga. He was then placed at the
head of the Department of East Tennessee and re
turned to Virginia in April, 1864. He was severely
wounded at the battle of the Wilderness, May 6,

1864, but resumed command of the corps in Octo
ber. After the war, he engaged in business in New
Orleans and held several political offices. In 1880-
81 he was American minister to Turkey, and in
1898 he was appointed United States railway com
missioner. He died at Gainesville, Georgia, Jan
uary 2, 1904.

[246]

Wade Hampton Fought from Bull
Run to Bentonville. With J. K. B.
Stuart's Cavalry he "Stood in the
Way" of Sheridan at Trevilian
Station in 1864.

Richard Henry Anderson Com
manded a Brigade on the Pen
insula; Later He Commanded a
Division and, after the Wilder
ness, Longstreet's Corps.

John Brown Gordon. This In
trepid Leader of Forlorn Hope
Assaults Rose from a Civilian
Captain to the Second Highest
Rank in the Army.

Leonidas Polk, Bishop and Soldier

Both, to the End; He Fell on

the Battlefield of Pine Mountain

in the Defense of Atlanta.

William Joseph Hardee, On the

Front Line for Four Years; Last

Commander of the Defense of

Charleston and Savannah.

Stephen Dill Lee Fought in Five
States; with Beauregard at Charles
ton, April, 18(51, and with Hood at
Nashville, December, 18C4.

LIEUTENANT-GENERALS OF THE CONFEDERACY— GROUP No.

— Armg uf £far%ru Virginia

ON SEPTEMBER 25, 1861, Major-General G. W.
Smith was assigned to the command of the Second
Corps, Army of the Potomac, which was organized
to consist of all the troops not hitherto assigned
to the First Corps. After October 22d, the force
was known as the Second Division and contained
five brigades. It numbered almost twenty thou
sand men, and passed into the Reserve, Second Di
vision, and D. H. Hill's Division of the Army of
Northern Virginia. Most of these troops finally
came under the command of Licutenant-Gencral T.
J. Jackson and became known as the Second Corps
of the Army of Northern Virginia, after the battle
of Antietam. After Jackson's death, Lieutenant-
General K. S. Ewell succeeded to the corps, after
it had been temporarily headed by Stuart and A.
P. Hill. On May 30, 1863, two divisions were
detached to enter the Third Army Corps. The
corps was commanded by Lieutenant-General J. A.
Early in the Shenandoah campaign of 1864, and in
the closing months of the war around Petersburg,
by Lieutenant-General John B. Gordon.

MAJOR-GENERAL GUSTAVUS WOODSON SMITH
(U.S.M.A. 1842) was born in Georgetown, Ken
tucky, January 1, 1822, and served in the Mexican
War. He resigned from the army in 185-1 to enter
upon a Cuban expedition under Quitman, and
afterward settled in New York City. At the out
break of the Civil War he joined the Confederate
forces at New Orleans, under Lovcll. In Septem
ber, 1861, he was appointed major-general and was
given command of the Second Corps, Army of the
Potomac, which was continued in the Army of
Northern Virginia, until March 23, 1862, when he
was put at the head of the Reserves. After John
ston was wounded at Fair Oaks, May 31st, Major-
General Smith, who wras leading the left wing, took
command of the whole army, but was stricken by
illness the following day and was succeeded by Gen
eral Lee. In August, he took charge of the de
fenses of Richmond and was acting Secretary of
War in November. In February, 1863, he resigned
from the service, and on June 1, 1864, took com
mand of the Georgia Militia. He was captured
by Major-Gcncral J. H. Wilson at Marion in
April, 1865. He died in New York, June 24, 1896.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL RICHARD STODDERT
EWELL (U.S.M.A. 1840) was born in Georgetown,
District of Columbia, February 8, 1817, and served
with distinction in the Mexican War. He joined
the Confederate army in 1861, and was made ma
jor-general the following year. He fought as bri

gade and division commander with the Army of
Northern Virginia, and was given command of
the Second Corps after the death of Lieutenant-
General T. J. Jackson, being made lieutenant-
general in May, 1863. He was prominent in
all its battles, and at Groveton he lost a leg.
After June, 1864, when his corps was sent to the
Shenandoah valley under Lieutenant-General J.
A. Early, he was in command of the defenses of
Richmond until the evacuation of that city. He
died at Spring Hill, Tennessee, January 25, 1872.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL JUBAL ANDERSON EARLY
(U.S.M.A. 1837) was born in Franklin County,
Virginia, November 3, 1816, and served in the
Seminolc War of 1837, after which he resigned to
take up the practice of law. In the Mexican War,
he served as major of Virginia volunteers, and at
the outbreak of the Civil War he entered the Con
federate army as colonel, rising to the rank of lieu
tenant-general in May, 1864. He commanded a
brigade at Bull Run, was wounded at Williams-
burg, and had a division at Antietam and after
ward. He had temporary command of both the
Second and Third corps, Army of Northern Vir
ginia, during the Wilderness campaign, and in
June, 1864, was sent with the Second Army Corps
to the Shenandoah valley, whence he made his way
to Washington and attacked the city on July 12th.
His forces were finally routed at Cedar Creek, Oc
tober 19th, by Sheridan. He was relieved of the
command of the Trans-Alleghany Department in
March, 1865, after a defeat by Custcr. After the
war he practised law. He refused to take the oath
of allegiance to the United States, and died in
Lynchburg, Virginia, March 2, 1894. He is recog
nized as one of the ablest of the Confederate gen
erals.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL JOHN BROWN GORDON
was born in Upson County, Georgia, February 6,
1832. He became a lawyer, but entered the Con
federate service as lieutenant-colonel of an Ala
bama regiment, and rose to the rank of lieu
tenant-general before the close of the war. He WHS
brigade and division commander in the Army of
Northern Virginia, and was prominent in the Sec
ond Army Corps during Early's campaign in the
Shenandoah valley. He was at the head of the
Second Corps after January 31, 1865, and was in
command of the left wing at the time of Lee's
surrender. After the war, he became prominent in
Georgia politics and was United States senator
from that State, 1873-1880, and in 1891-1897.

[248]

ALEXANDER PETER STEWART NATHAN BEDFORD FORREST

A Leader in Every Great Campaign
from Shiloh to Bentonville.

The American Murat and the King
of Mounted Raiders.

JOSEPH WHEELER

Masterful as Well as Indefatigable
and Indomitable Leader of Cavalry.

LIEUTENANT-GENERALS OF THE CONFEDERACY— GROUP No. 3

'

SIMON BOLIVAR
BUCKNER

Defender of His Native Ken
tucky in 1861 and in 1865;
Led a Corps to Victory
at Chickamauga.

RICHARD
TAYLOR

Skillful Defender of the

Trans-Mississippi

Territory.

THKOPIIILrS HUNTER
HOLMES

JOHN CLIFFORD
PEMBERTON

Defender of the James River Baffled the Assailants of
in 1862 and Arkansas Vicksburg Through Three

in 1863. Campaigns, Yielding to

only Heavy Odds.

(Eorpa — Army of Noriljmt Uirgtttia

From 1887 to 1890, he was governor of Georgia.
He was Commander-in-chief of the United Confed

erate Veterans after 1900.
Florida, January 9, 1904.

He died at

(Harps — Army of 5far%rn Btrgmta

CREATED from three divisions of the First and
Second corps, Army of Northern Virginia, on May
30, 1863, and put under the command of Lieu-
tenant-General A. P. Hill. Its first battle was
Gettysburg. Hill was killed in front of Peters
burg, April 2, 1865, and the corps was united with
the First until the surrender at Appomattox.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL AMBROSE POWELL, HILL
(U.S.M.A. 1847) was born in Culpcper County,

Virginia, November 9, 1825, and served in the
Mexican and Seminole wars. In 1861, he resigned
from the army to enter the Confederate volunteers.
He was appointed brigadier-general February 26,
1862, major-general in the following May and
was one of the most efficient officers in the Confed
erate army, and rose to the command of the Third
Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, when it was
created in May, 1863, being made lieutenant-gen
eral at the same time. He was killed April 2, 1865.

Armtj nf Norton Htrgtma

ORGANIZED late in 1864 to consist of the divi
sions of Major-Generals R. F. Hoke and Bushrod
R. Johnson, and a battalion of artillery under Col
onel H. P. Jones. It contained an aggregate
strength of about fourteen thousand. Hoke's di
vision served with the First Army Corps and was
sent to Wilmington, North Carolina, on Decem
ber, 20, 1864. Johnson's division remained with
the Army of Northern Virginia until the surrender
at Appomattox.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL RICHARD HERRON AN
DERSON (U.S.M.A. 1842) was born in South Car
olina, October 27, 1821, and served with dis
tinction in the Mexican War. He resigned from
the army in March, 1861, to enter the Confeder
ate service. As colonel, he commanded the First
South Carolina Infantry in the attack on Fort
Sumtcr, and became brigadier-general in July,
1861. He destroyed a Union camp near Pensa-
cola, in October, and in February, 1862, was as

signed to a brigade in Longstrcet's Division in the
Department of Northern Virginia. This he led
with great distinction through the Peninsula
campaign, being made major-general in July,
1862. He had a division in the First Corps,
Army of Northern Virginia, at Second Hull Run
and after. At Antietam, he was severely wounded,
but he fought at Frcdericksburg and Chancellors-
ville, and at Gettysburg he was in the Third Army
Corps. After the wounding of Longstreet, in the
battle of the Wilderness, Anderson was given com
mand of the First Army Corps, receiving the ap
pointment of lieutenant-general on June 1, 1864.
In August, he was sent with an infantry division,
one of cavalry, and a battalion of artillery to the
assistance of Lieutenant-General Early in the
Shcnandoah, remaining there about a month.
After the return of Longstreet to his corps, An
derson's Corps, consisting of two divisions, was
organized, with Lieutenant-General Anderson at its
head. He died at Beaufort, South Carolina, .June
26, 1879.

dorps — Army nf Nnrtljmt Utrjjtma

THE VARIOUS TROOPS of cavalry in this army
were finally gathered into a division of several bri
gades under the command of Brigadier-General J.
E. B. Sttfart. By the date of the battle of Gettys
burg, July, 1863, the cavalry was organized in di

visions and the organization was known as the
Cavalry Corps. After the death of Major-Gen
eral J. E. B. Stuart, May, 1864, Major-General
(later Lieutenant-General) Wade Hampton took
command. Major-General Fitzhugh Lee also

[250]

(lustavus Woodson Smith, Defender
of Yorktown and Richmond.

John Bankhead Magruder, Defender
of the Virginia Peninsula in 1861.

William Wing Loring. with Robert
E. Lee in West Virginia in 1801.

Samuel Jones, Commander Florida,
Georgia and South Carolina.

Sterling Price Fought on Both Sides Benjamin Franklin Cheatham, Brigade,
of the Mississippi River. Division and Corps Commander.

Dabney Herndon Maury, Defender
of the Lower Mississippi in 18C2-4.

CONFEDERATE
MAJOR-GENERALS

Earl Van Dorn, a Daring and Resourceful
Army Commander.

John Cabel Breckinridge, Defender of
the Mississippi in 1861.

CONSPICUOUS AS COMMANDERS
OF ARMIES OR ARMY CORPS

Army uf tlj?

commanded several divisions at one time and was
in command of the corps at Appomattox.

MAJOR-GENERAL JAMES EWELL BROWN STU
ART (U.S.M.A. 1854) was born in Patrick Coun
ty, Virginia, February 6, 1833, and entered the
Cavalry Corps of the United States army, serv
ing in Kansas and against the Cheyenne Indians.
He resigned his commission as captain in the army
in May, 1861, to enter the Confederate service, as
colonel of the First Virginia Cavalry, with which
he fought under Johnston at Bull Run. He was
made brigadier-general in September and major-
general the following July. He had a brigade,
and a division, and was placed at the head of the
Cavalry Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, when
it was organized, in the summer of 1863. Stuart
proved himself to be a great cavalry leader, and
his exploits won him much renown. Among his
famous deeds were the ride around McClellan's
army in June, 1862; the dash on Pope's headquar
ters at Catlett's Station, Virginia, and the raid on
Manassas Junction in August ; the expedition into
Pennsylvania after Antietam, and the cooperation
with Jackson at Chancellorsville. After the
wounding of Jackson in that battle, he had tem
porary command of the Second Corps, Army of
Northern Virginia. In the Wilderness campaign
of 1864, he was very active, but was mortally
wounded in an encounter with Sheridan's cavalry
at Yellow Tavern. He died May 12, 1864.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL WADE HAMPTON was
born in Charleston, South Carolina, March 28,
1818. He was one of the largest slave-owners in
the South. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he
raised and equipped, in part, Hampton's South
Carolina Legion, of which he was colonel. He was
wounded at Fair Oaks, as brigadier-general at the
head of a brigade, and thrice at Gettysburg,
where he commanded a cavalry brigade. In Au
gust, 1863, he was made major-general with a di

vision in the cavalry, and after the death of Stu
art, he became head of the Cavalry Corps, Army of
Northern Virginia. He made a famous raid on
General Grant's commissariat, capturing some
twenty-five hundred head of cattle. In February,
1865, he was made lieutenant-general, and com
manded the cavalry in the Army of Tennessee, as
well as a division of that of the Army of North
ern Virginia. After the war, he strongly advocated
the policy of conciliation. In 1876, he was gov
ernor of South Carolina; from 1878 to 1891,
United States senator, and from 1893 to 1897,
United States commissioner of railroads. He
died in Columbia, South Carolina, April 11, 1902.

MAJOR-GENERAL FITZHUGH LEE (U.S.M.A.
1856) was born in Clermont, Virginia, November
19, 1835. He served against the Indians, and was
cavalry instructor at West Point until he re
signed his commission in May, 1861, to enter the
Confederate service, becoming adjutant-general
in Ewcll's brigade. He was made major-general
September 3, 1863. He had a brigade and divi
sion in the cavalry of the Army of Northern Vir
ginia through all its campaigns, including that of
Early in the Shenandoah in 1864, where he was
wounded at the Opequon. He was in command of
the Cavalry Corps, Army of Northern Virginia,
from March, 1865, until the surrender, replacing
Wade Hampton, who went to the Army of Ten
nessee. From 1886 to 1890 he was governor of
Virginia, and, under appointment of President
Cleveland, consul-general at Havana from 1896
to the outbreak of the Spanish- American War.
President McKinley appointed him major-general
of volunteers in 1898 and placed him at the head
of the Seventh Army Corps. He was made mili
tary governor of Havana in 1899. Later, he com
manded the Department of the Missouri. He re
ceived the rank of brigadier-general in February,
1901, and was retired the following month. He
died in Washington, April 28, 1905.

Army 0f llje

THE CONFEDERATE FORCES assigned to operate
in the Kanawha valley, West Virginia, were placed
under the command of Brigadier-General John B.
Floyd on August 11, 1861, and denominated the
Army of the Kanawha. This force and one under
Brigadier-General Henry A. Wise were its chief
constituents. The troops took part in the en

gagement at Carnifex Ferry. The strength of the
command was about thirty-five hundred. Some of
the troops were sent with Floyd to the Central
Army of Kentucky, early in 1862, and formed one
of its divisions. Several of the regiments were cap
tured at Fort Donelson when this post capitulated
to General Grant.

[252]

i

V

James T. Holtzclaw Led a Brigade
of Alabamians.

Jonas M. Withers, Originally Colonel
of the 3d Infantry.

John PI. Kelly, a Gallant Boy
General.

CONFEDERATE

GENERALS
No. 1— ALABAMA

This is the first of 25 groups
embracing representative gen
eral officers of 14 States. On
preceding pages of this volume
appear portraits of all generals
and lieutenant-generals, all
generals killed in battle, also
commanders of armies and
army corps. Many appear in
preceding volumes of this His
tory as identified with particu
lar events or special branches
of the service, as cavalry and
artillery. Information concern
ing every general officer may
be found through the roster and
index concluding this volume.

Cullen A. Battle Led a Brigade in
Virginia.

Edmund W. Pettus Became a Noted
United States Senator.

James H. Clanton Led a Cav
alry Brigade in Mississippi.

Charles M. Shelley Led
a Brigade with Stewart.

Philip D. Roddey, Conspic
uous Cavalry Leader.

Henry De La mar Clayton,
Originally Colonel of Infantry.

Army of Eastern IKentmrky

BRIGADIER-GENERAL JOHN BUCHANAN FLOYD
was born at Blacksburg, Virginia, June 1, 1807,
and became a lawyer, practising in Arkansas and
Virginia. He entered politics, and served in the
Virginia legislature, and as governor of the State in
1850. He was Secretary of War in the Buchanan
cabinet, where owing to his administrative methods
he was requested to resign in 1860. At the opening
of the Civil War he entered the Confederate army
and was appointed brigadier-general in May, 1861.

He headed the force known as the Army of the Kan-
awha, and in February, 1862, was in command of
Fort Donelson, Tennessee. He and Brigadier-Gen
eral Gideon J. Pillow fled therefrom the night before
the capitulation, leaving Brigadier-General Simon
Bolivar Buckner to conduct the negotiations and
surrender to General Grant. For this General Floyd
was relieved of his command. In November, 1862,
he was in command of the Virginia State Line,
and died at Abingdon, Virginia, August 26, 186-3.

Army nf iEastmt Kentucky

A TITLE applied to the troops under Brigadier-
General Humphrey Marshall, consisting of the
militia of Wise, Scott and Lee counties, in 1861.
It was a small force of about fifteen hundred men,
and was scattered by Federal troops under Briga
dier-General James A. Garfield. Its chief action
was at Pound Gap, March 16, 1862.

BRIGADIER - GENERAL HUMPHREY MARSHALL
(U.S.M.A. 1832) was born in Frankfort, Ken
tucky, January 13, 1812. He resigned from the
army the year after his graduation and became a
lawyer. He went to the Mexican War as colonel of

Army

ORGANIZED December 14, 1861, to embrace all
the forces on the Rio Grande above Fort Quit-
man, and those in the territories of New Mexico
and Arizona. Its main object was the conquest of
California. Brigadier-General H. H. Sibley was
placed in command. He had about thirty-seven
hundred men. His troops won the battle of Val-
verde, occupied Santa Fe and fought at Glorieta
(or Apache Canon). The army was forced to re
treat into Texas, in April, 1862, by Federal
troops under Colonel E. R. S. Canby. Sibley
was relieved of the command in December, 1862.

BRIGADIER-GENERAL HENRY HOPKINS SIBLEY
(U.S.M.A. 1838) was born at Natchitoches, Louis

cavalry, and led a charge at Buena Vista. In 1849,
he became a member of Congress, and, after being
commissioner to China in 1852, served again until
1859. He entered the Confederate service, being
made brigadier-general in October, 1861. At the
head of a small force, sometimes called the Army
of Eastern Kentucky, he undertook the conquest
of that region, but was driven from it by Brigadier-
General James A. Garfield in March, 1862. After
this, he had several commands in Virginia and re
signed from the service in June, 1863. He re
sumed his practice of law and was elected member
of the Confederate Congress from Kentucky. He
died in Louisville, March 28, 1872.

iana, May 23, 1816, and served in the Seminolc and
Mexican wars. He was the inventor of the famous
Sibley tent. The outbreak of the Civil War found
him on an Indian campaign in New Mexico, serv
ing as a major of dragoons, but he accepted a com
mission as brigadier-general in the Confederate
army and became commander of the Army of New
Mexico. After his repulse at Glorieta, March 28,
1862, he was driven back into Texas. He con
tinued his service at the head of various commands
in Louisiana, south of the Red River. After the
war he entered the service of the Khedive of
Egypt, where he was, from 1869 to 1873, engaged
in building coast and river defenses. He died at
Fredericksburg, Virginia, August 23, 1886.

Army 0f ICnufetana

AT THE BEGINNING of the war, the Louisiana BRIGADIKII-GKNERAL PAUL OCTAVE HKBERT

State troops, commanded by Major-General Brax- (U.S.M.A. 1840) was born in Bayou Goula, Hcr-
ton Bragg and later by Colonel P. 0. Hebert, were ville Parish, Louisiana, November 12, 1818. He
sometimes designated the Army of Louisiana. resigned from the army in 1845, reentering as

[254J

Young M. Moody, Command
er of the District
of Florida.

Isham \V. Garrott, Original

Colonel of 20th

Regiment.

William F. Perry Led a Noted

Brigade under

Longstreet.

William H. Forney Led an
Alabama Brigade in
Hill's Corps.

CONFEDERATE
GENERALS

No. 2
ALABAMA

William W. Allen Led a Cavalry
Division in Wheeler's Corps.

John H. Forney, One of the Defenders
of Vicksburg in 1863.

LeRoy P. Walker, First

Confederate Secretary

of War.

Sterling A. M. Wood Led

a Brigade at Chicka-

mauga.

James Cantey Commanded

the Garrison at

Mobile.

Zachary C. Deas Led a Bri
gade of Alabamians in
Tennessee.

Army uf

lieutenant-colonel in the Mexican War, where he
received the brevet of colonel for his gallant con
duct at Molino del Key. While governor of Louisi
ana, 1853 to 1856, he appointed his classmate, W.
T. Sherman, to the head of the Louisiana Mili-
tai%y Academy. When the Civil War broke out he
succeeded Bragg in command of the Confederate

forces in Louisiana, and was appointed brigadier-
general August 17, 1861. He was in special com
mand of the defenses of New Orleans. Later, he
commanded in turn the Department and District
of Texas in the Trans-Mississippi. After the war
he became state engineer of Louisiana. He died
in New Orleans, August 29, 1880.

Armg nf

THE FORCES at or near Pensacola, Florida, un
der Major-General Braxton Bragg, were desig
nated the Army of Pensacola on October 22, 1861.
Brigadier-General A. H. Gladden had temporary
command in December, and Brigadier-General
Samuel Jones took charge on January 27, 1862.
The force then numbered eighty-one hundred men,
divided among regiments from Alabama, Florida,
Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi. On March
13th, the army was discontinued, the regiments
entering the Army of the Mississippi or assigned
for duty elsewhere. Pensacola was evacuated by
the Confederate troops on the 9th of May.

BRIGADIER-GENERAL, ADLEY H. GLADDEN was
born in South Carolina. He entered the Confed
erate army and was appointed a brigadier-general
from Louisiana in September, 1861. He had a
brigade at Pensacola, and was in temporary com
mand of the Army of Pensacola in December,
1861, and was given command of a brigade in the
Second Corps, Army of the Mississippi. He was
mortally wounded at Shiloh April 6, 1862.

MAJOR-GENERAL SAMUEL JONES (U.S.M.A.
1841) was born in Virginia, in 1820, and resigned
his commission of captain in April, 1861, to en
ter the Confederate service. He was made major
of artillery. He was acting adjutant-general of
the Virginia forces in May and chief of artillery
and ordnance in the Army of the Potomac from
May to July, 1861. Appointed brigadier-gen
eral after the battle of Bull Hun, he was as
signed to the Army of Pensacola, in January,
1862, and the following month to the head of the
Department of Alabama and West Florida. In
April, he was given a division in the Army of the
West, and in June, after having been appointed
major-general in May, he was put at the head of
a division in the Second Corps, Army of the Mis
sissippi. After September, 1862, he commanded
various departments in Tennessee and Virginia,
being placed at the head of the Department of
South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, in April,
1864. At the close of the war he was in charge of
the Department of Florida and South Georgia.
He died in Washington, D. C., April 1, 1887.

Army 0f

ON JANUARY 27, 1862, the command of Briga
dier-General Jones M. Withers, consisting of Ala
bama troops in and around the city of Mobile, was
designated the Army of Mobile. Its strength was
about ten thousand. It was subsequently com
manded by Colonel J. B. Villepigue, temporarily,
and Brigadier-General Samuel Jones, after March
15th. Many of the regiments entered the Army of
the Mississippi and fought at Shiloh under With
ers. More regiments were sent to that army, and
on June 27, the Army of Mobile was discontinued.

MAJOR-GENERAL JONES MITCHELL WITHERS
(U.S.M.A. 1835) was born in Madison County,

Alabama, January 12, 1814, and resigned
from the army in 1848. He entered the Con
federate service and received an appointment as
brigadier-general in July, 1861. He was pro
moted to major-general after the battle of Shiloh.
From January 27th to February 28, 1862, he
was in command of the Army of Mobile. He then
had a division in the Second Corps, Army of the
Mississippi, and also the Reserve Corps for a
time, and passed into the Right Wing and Polk's
Corps, Army of Tennessee. He resigned his com
mission July 13, 1863, but his rank was restored
within a few days, after which he assumed various
commands in Alabama. He surrendered at Merid-

[256]

-

Thomas Churchill Commanded t
Division in the Army of the West;
Defender of Arkansas and Red
River Region.

Thomas C. Hindman Commanded

the Trans-Mississippi District in

1863; Led Troops at Shiloh

and Chickamauga.

John F. Fagan, Originally Colonel of
the 1st Arkansas Infantry; Con
spicuous in the Attack on
Helena, July 4, 1863.

CONFEDERATE
GENERALS

No. 3
ARKANSAS

Lucius E. Polk, Leader of a Charge at
Murfreesboro.

Albert Pike, Commander of Indian Troops
at Pea Ridge.

Albert Rust Led a Brigade

in the Army of the

West.

James C. Tappan Led
Brigade West of the
Mississippi.

William L. Cabell Led
Brigade of Arkansas
Cavalry.

a John S. Roane, in Com
mission at Little
Rock, Ark.

(E? tttntl Armg of 2Cr ttturkg

ian, Mississippi, May 11, 1865, and died March
13, 1890.

BRIGADIER-GENERAL JOHN BORDENAVE VILLE-
PIGUE (U.S.M.A. 1854) was born in Cainden,
South Carolina, July 2, 1830, and resigned from
the army in March, 1861, to enter the Confederate
service. As colonel, he was temporarily in com
mand of the Army of Mobile. He was appointed

brigadier-general, March 18, 1862. He was in
command at Fort Pillow at the time of Flag-
Officer Davis's attack, May- June, 1862, and com
manded a brigade at the battle of Corinth, Octo
ber 4th. He died at Port Hudson, Louisiana,
November 9, 1862, as the result of illness. Ville-
pigue was considered one of the most promising
young officers in the Confederate service, and his
untimely death was greatly deplored.

Central Armg 0f

BRIGADIER-GENERAL S. B. BUCKNER assumed
command of the forces in central Kentucky, Sep
tember, 1861, and he was followed October 28th,
by General Albert Sidney Johnston. The troops
were organized in two divisions with a reserve, and
a third division, under Brigadier-General John B.
Floyd, was added later on. Major-Gcneral Har-
dee had temporary command, December, 1861-
February, 1862. On March 29, 1862, the Central
Army of Kentucky, whose strength was about
twenty-three thousand, was consolidated with the
Army of the Mississippi, under the latter designa
tion, with General Johnston in command and Gen
eral P. G. T. Beauregard second.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL SIMON BOLIVAR BUCK
NER (U.S.M.A. 1841) was born in Kentucky, April
1, 1823. He served in the Mexican War and

taught at West Point. He resigned from the army
in 1855, and returned to Kentucky to practise law.
He entered the Confederate service in September,
1861, taking command in central Kentucky. He
commanded a division of the Central Army of
Kentucky at Bowling Green and at Fort Donel-
son. On February 16, 1862, he surrendered the
fort and garrison of Fort Donelson and was sent
to Fort Warren as a prisoner of war, being ex
changed in August. He was then made major-
general and had a division in Bragg's army and
was given a temporary corps at ChickamaUga.
He was made lieutenant-general in September,
1864, and was commander in several districts of
the Trans-Mississippi Department. He was elect
ed governor of Kentucky in 1887, and in 1896 was
the candidate of the Gold Democrats for Vice-
President.

Armg nf East

IN FEBRUARY, 1862, Major-General E. Kirby
Smith was sent to Knoxville to assume command
of the troops in Kast Tennessee. With the army
thus organized, it was intended to create a diversion
in favor of General A. S. Johnston's operations
wfth the Army of the Mississippi. The Army of
Kast Tennessee was engaged in many minor en
gagements. On August 25th, the organization was
designated the Army of Kentucky and was com
posed of three divisions. It led the advance in
Bragg's invasion of Kentucky and was successful
at the battle of Richmond, August 30th, raising
great hopes for the Confederate conquest of Ken
tucky. On November 20, 1862, the Army of
Kentucky was merged as Smith's Corps in the
Army of Tennessee.

GENERAL EDMUND KIRBY SMITH (U.S.M.A.

— Armg nf

1845) was born in St. Augustine, Florida, May
16, 1824, and served in the Mexican War, after
which he was professor of mathematics at West
Point. In April, 1861, he resigned his commission
as captain to join the Confederates, becoming a
brigadier-general in June. He was chief-of-staff
to and had a brigade under General Joseph E.
Johnston. He was seriously wounded at Bull Run.
Early in 1862, as major-general, he was placed in
command of the Army of East Tennessee (after
ward Kentucky). In October of the same year he
was made lieutenant-general and continued in the
Department of East Tennessee. He was made gen
eral, and assumed command of the Trans-Missis
sippi Department in February, 1863. He sur
rendered his troops to Major-General Canby at
Baton Rouge, May 26, 1865, having, the year be
fore, defeated Major-General Banks in the Red

[258]

i

William N. 11. Beall, District Com
mander in Mississippi and
Louisiana.

Dandridge McRae Led a Brigade Alexander T. Hawthorne Led a Bri
in Battles West of the gade in the Army of the

Mississippi. Mississippi.

Daniel H. Reynolds Fought with
Hood at Nashville.

Daniel C. Govan Commanded a
Noted Brigade.

Evander McNair, Important Leader
in the Army of Tennessee.

CONFEDERATE GENERALS

No. 4
ARKANSAS

Thomas P. Dockery Led a Cav
alry Brigade.

Frank C. Armstrong, Brilliant Cav-
alrv Commander.

Army of tlj?

River campaign. After the war, he devoted him
self largely to education, becoming chancellor of
the University of Nashville from 1870 to 1875,

and later professor of mathematics at the Uni
versity of the South. He died in Sewanee, Ten
nessee, March 28, 1898.

Army

FROM TROOPS in the Western Department (De
partment No. 2) was created the Army of the Mis
sissippi on March 5, 1862, and to General P. G.
T. Beauregard was given the command. The army
was divided into two corps headed by Major-Gen
erals Leonidas Polk and Braxton Bragg. On
March 29th, the army was joined to the Central
Army of Kentucky with its three divisions, reserve
corps, and cavalry. General A. S. Johnston, of
the latter, took command of the Army of the Mis
sissippi, that name having been preserved. Beaure
gard was second in command. The whole body was
gathered at Corinth (except a force at Fort Pil
low) in three corps, a reserve corps, and cavalry,
and this was the organization that fought at Shi-
loh, when its strength was about forty thousand.
The death of General Johnston placed the chief
command upon General Beauregard, who was re
lieved June 27, 1862, by Major-General Hardce,
and he, on August 15th, by Major-Gencral Bragg.
The army was transferred to Chattanooga in July.
Major-General Polk had temporary command
from September 28th to November 7, 1862, when,
on the return of Bragg, the organization was called
the Army of Tennessee.

GENERAL ALBERT SIDNEY JOHNSTON (U.S.M.
A. 1826) was born in Washington, Mason County,

Kentucky, February 3, 1803. He served in the
Black Hawk War and resigned his commission in
1834. Two years later, lie entered the army of
the Texan Republic as a private, soon becoming
a brigadier-general, and in 1838 was commander-
in-chicf of the army of Texas and Secretary of
War. Later, he reentered the United States
Army and served in the Mexican War with
distinction. As colonel, he conducted an ex
pedition against the Mormons in Utah in
1857, which won him a brevet of brigadier-gen
eral. He remained in command in Utah until Feb
ruary, 1860. At the outbreak of the Civil War,
he was in command of the Department of the
Pacific, but, by reason of his Southern sympathies,
he resigned his commission to enter the Confeder
ate service with the rank of general. He assumed
command of Department No. 2, or Western De
partment, on September 15, 1861. In October lie
took immediate control of the Central Army of
Kentucky, holding the line of Bowling Green, Ken
tucky, until February, 1862, against vastly supe
rior numbers. On March 29, 1862, this army
united with the Army of the Mississippi and Johns
ton took command of the new organi/ation. He
was killed on the battlefield of Shiloh, April 6,
1862, and his death was a stunning blow to the
new Confederacy.

(Corps — Army 0f

MAJOR-GENERAL W. J. HARDEE, who had been
commander in northwestern Arkansas, was placed
at the head of the Third Corps of the Army of the

Mississippi on its reorganization, March 29, 1862.
In August, the corps wras merged in the Left Wing
of the Army of the Mississippi.

Army of

COMMANDED by Major-General George B. Crit-
tenden on March 29, 1862, and by Major-General
J. C. Breckinridge after April 6th, and, later, by
Brigadier-General Jones M. Withers. After Shi
loh, and the siege of Corinth, the corps went to
Louisiana and fought the battle of Baton Rouge,

August 6, 1862, with the Federal troops under
Brigadier-General Thomas Williams. Then it,
returned with Breckinridge to form the Army of
Middle Tennessee and was merged in Hardee's
(Second) Corps, Army of Tennessee, as the First
Division, in November, 1862.

[260]

Jesse J. Finley Commanded William (!. M. Davis Led a Robert Bullock, Colonel of William Miller Commanded
a Brigade. Brigade of Cavalry. the 7th Regiment. Reserve Forces in Florida.

CONFEDERATE

GENERALS

No. 5
FLORIDA

J. Patton Anderson, Active Division
( 'ommander in the West.

Martin L. Smith, One of the Francis A. Shaup, Chief of William S. Walker Commanded Theodore W. Brevard, Colonel
Defenders of Vicksburg. Artillery, Army of Tennessee. a South Carolina Brigade. of the llth Regiment.

Armg of

THE JOINING of the Army of Kentucky with the
Army of the Mississippi, on November 20, 1862,
was the origin of the Army of Tennessee — the
great Confederate army of the West. There were
three corps and a division of cavalry, with an ef
fective total of forty-seven thousand. General
Braxton Bragg was in command. This army
fought the battle of Stone's River, went through
the Tullahoma campaign, and fought the battle
of Chickamauga, assisted by Longstreet's Corps
from the Army of Northern Virginia. It was
driven from Chattanooga in November, 1863, by
Grant's forces. After the battle of Chickamauga,
the corps were reorganized several times. Bragg
was removed from the command on December 2,
1863, and until General Johnston assumed it, on
December 27th, both Hardee and Polk were in tem
porary command. Polk was sent to the Depart
ment of Alabama, Mississippi and East Louisiana
before the end of December. The army spent the
winter around Dalton, Georgia, and faced Sher
man's advance in May, 1864, in two infantry and
one cavalry corps. Polk brought back his divi
sions, which he called the Army of Mississippi, and
these forces were consolidated with the Army of
Tennessee on July 26th, after Polk had been killed.
On July 18th, Johnston was replaced by General
John B. Hood. After the capture of Atlanta, the
army returned to Tennessee, and, failing to cut
off Major-General Schofield's command at Frank
lin, was routed by Major-General Thomas at
Nashville (December 15-16, 1864). In February,
1865, General Johnston was again placed in com
mand of the Army of Tennessee, as well as the
troops in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida.
The army had greatly dwindled. Lieutenant-Gen-
eral A. P. Stewart was at the actual head of the
Army of Tennessee after March 16th, and Johns
ton's enlarged command included troops from the
far South under Hardee, which, in February, had
been organized in a corps, and those in North Car
olina under Bragg. The aggregate present of the
old Army of Tennessee was about twenty thou
sand. The army surrendered to Sherman in North
Carolina, April 26, 1865.

GENERAL, BRAXTON BRAGG (U.S.M.A. 1837)
was born in Warren County, North Carolina,
March 22, 1817, and served in the Seminole and
Mexican wars. He resigned from the army in
1859, and became an extensive planter in Louis
iana. On the secession of Louisiana, he was made

a brigadier-general in the Confederate provi
sional army, and was the first commander of the
military forces of Louisiana. After being ap
pointed major-general in September, he took com
mand of the forces in Alabama and West Florida
from October, 1861, to February, 1862. He com
manded the right wing of the Army of the Missis
sippi at Shiloh, and was made general after the
death of Albert Sidney Johnston. He succeeded
Beauregard as commander of the Army of the Mis
sissippi (or Tennessee), and led it into Kentucky
in September, 1862, and after his retreat therefrom,
was defeated by Rosecrans at Stone's River (Jan
uary, 1863). He in turn defeated Rosecrans at
Chickamauga, but was driven from Chattanooga
by Grant in November, 1863. Bragg was now re
lieved of the Army of Tennessee, and, later, was
given control of the Confederate army's military
operations at Richmond. As commander of the
Department of North Carolina, he failed in at
tempts to check Sherman and prevent the fall of
Wilmington. After February, 1865, he cooperated
with Johnston and surrendered with the latter.
Later on, he was state engineer of Alabama, and
died in Galveston, Texas, September 27, 1876.

GENERAL JOHN BELL HOOD (U.S.M.A. 1853)
was born in Owingsvillc, Kentucky, June 1, 1831.
and fought against the Comanche Indians in Tex
as. He resigned from the army in April, 1861, to
enter the Confederate service. After serving as
captain in the cavalry and colonel of a Texas regi
ment, he received the appointment of brigadier-
general in March, 1862. He was made major-gen
eral in October, 1862, after taking a conspicuous
part in the Virginia campaigns. At Gettysburg,
he commanded the largest division in Longstreet's
Corps. In September, he went to Tennessee
with Longstreet's Corps, which he commanded
at Chickamauga, where he lost a leg. After
the battle, he was given the rank of lieutenant-
general, and at the head of the Second Corps
in the Army of Tennessee, took part in the
Atlanta campaign from May to July 18, 1864,
when he succeeded Johnston in the command
of the army with the temporary rank of gen
eral. He lost Atlanta, and, returning to Tennes
see, was driven into Alabama by Major-General
Thomas in the middle of December. In January,
1865, he was relieved of his command and was
ordered to Richmond. After the war, he went to
New Orleans, where he died, August 30, 1879.

[262]

Howell Cobb, Leader of Cobb's G. T. Anderson Commanded a David E. Twiggs, in Command Pierce M. B. Young, Brilliant
Georgia Legion. Brigade in Longstreet's Corps. in East Louisiana in 1861. Cavalry Leader.

Goode Bryan Led a Georgia
Brigade in Longstreet's
Corps.

Hugh W. Mercer Led a Geor
gia Brigade in the Army
of Tennessee.

David R. Jones, Active
Leader at Second Ma-
nassas and Sharpsburg.

William M. Brown, Defender

of Savannah, December,

1864.

CONFEDERATE
GENERALS

No. 6
GEORGIA

Clement A. Evans, Leader in the
Army of Northern Virginia.

Robert Toombs, Defender of Lee's
Right Flank at Antietam.

(Eorps — Army of

tt ani of

MAJOR-GENERAL, LEONIDAS POLK commanded
from June, 1861, to March, 1862, the First
Division in the Western Department (No. 2), the
troops of which were scattered along the Missis
sippi from Columbus, Kentucky, to Memphis, and
in the interior of Tennessee and Mississippi. It
numbered about twenty-five thousand men. On
the organization of the Army of the Mississippi in
March, 1862, this division was called the First
Grand Division, and after the consolidation witli
the Central Army of Kentucky, on March 29th, the
First Corps, Army of the Mississippi. On August
15th, Folk's Corps was reorganized as the Right
Wing in ten divisions, with over fifteen thousand
present for duty. In the Army of Tennessee, the
Right Wing became the First, or Folk's Corps.
After the battle of Chickamauga, Polk was relieved
of the command, and both corps of the army un
derwent reorganization. The leading corps was
thereafter known as Hardee's, or Cheatharn's
Corps, from the names of its commanders.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL LEONIDAS POLK (U.S.
M.A. 1827) was born in Raleigh, North Carolina,
April 10, 1806. He left the army for the church,
and eventually became the first Protestant Episco
pal Bishop of Louisiana, in 1841. In 1861, he
entered the Confederate army and was made ma
jor-general in June. He was assigned to the com
mand of the Western Department (No. 2) ; and in
September he was replaced by General A. S. Johns
ton and given the First Division, Army of the Mis
sissippi, with which he won the battle of Belmont in
November. He led the First Corps at Shiloh, and
later had temporary command of the army itself.
In October, 1862, he was given the rank of lieuten
ant-general, and accompanied the Western Con
federate army until after Chickamauga, where he
commanded the Right Wing when he was tempo
rarily suspended, but the charge of delay on his
part was dismissed by President Davis. In the
winter of 1863—64, he was in command of the
Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East
Louisiana, and brought his forces, which he called
the Army of Mississippi, to Georgia in May, 1864,
to assist Johnston in opposing Sherman's ad
vance to Atlanta. On Pine Mountain, near Mar
ietta, Georgia, he was killed by a cannon-ball, June
14, 1864.

MAJOR-GENERAL BENJAMIN FRANKLIN CHEATH-
AM was born in Nashville, Tennessee, October 20,
1820. He entered the Mexican War, rising to the

rank of colonel after distinguished service at Mon
terey and elsewhere. At the close of this war he
became major-general of the Tennessee militia,
and when the Civil War broke out he attached him
self to the Confederate cause and organized the
entire supply department for the Western troops.
As brigadier-general, he served under Polk at Bel
mont, and had a division of the First Corps, Army
of the Mississippi, at Shiloh, and was commander of
the Right Wing of the same army during Bragg's
invasion of Kentucky in 1862. He led his division
at Stone's River, through the Tullahoma cam
paign, and at Chickamauga, and after that battle
was head of Cheatham's Corps, an organization
formed upon the departure of Polk from the army,
and of which Hardee shortly afterward took com
mand. In the Atlanta campaign he led a division
in Hardee's Corps, and assumed command of the
corps, which later was known as Cheatham's Corps,
after the departure of Hardee for Savannah in Oc
tober, 1864, with which he continued until the sur
render at Durham Station. After the Avar he be
came a farmer in Tennessee, and was appointed
postmaster of Nashville in 1885. He died there
September 4, 1886.

MAJOR-GENERAL PATRICK ROMAYNE CLEBITRNE
was born in County Cork, Ireland, March 17, 1828
He ran away from Trinity College, Dublin, and
enlisted in the Forty-first Foot. In 1855 he
came to America, settling in Helena, Arkansas,
where he practised law until the opening of
the war. He entered the Confederate service as
private, and rose to the rank of major-general, in
1862. He planned the capture of the United
States arsenal in Arkansas, March, 1861. He
was colonel of an Arkansas regiment, and at Shi
loh, as brigadier-general, he commanded a brigade
in the Third Corps, Army of the Mississippi. He
was wounded at Perryville. At Murfrecsboro and
Chickamauga he commanded a division, and his
troops formed the rear guard at Missionary Ridge.
For his defense of Ringgold Gap, in the Atlanta
campaign, he received the thanks of the Confeder
ate Congress. Cleburne covered Hood's retreat at
Jonesboro, and had temporary command of Har
dee's Corps. He continued to hold his division in
Cheatham's Corps, and at the battle of Franklin
was killed, November 30, 1864. A brilliant charge
at Chickamauga earned him the title of " Stone
wall of the West," and it was he who initiated
the Order of the Southern Cross and was among
the first to urge the advantages to the Confeder
ates of colored troops.

[264]

PHILIP COOK WILLIAM M. GARDNER JOHN K. JACKSON CLAUDIUS C. WILSON

Leader in Gordon's Attack Commander of the Post of Commanded a Reserve Corps Led a Brigade in the
Richmond, Va., in 1865. Army of the Mississippi. Army of Tennessee.

on Fort Stedman.

ISAAC M. ST. JOHN

Commissary General,

1865,

CONFEDERATE

GENERALS
No. 7— GEORGIA

(CONTINUED)

BRYAN* M. THOMAS
Led a Brigade of Alabamians.

G. MOXLEY SORRELL DUDLEY M. DlJBOIS

Staff Officer with Longstreet. Led a Brigade in Longstreet's Corps.

MAHCELLUS A. STOVALL, Lucius J. G/RTRELL HKNHY C. W\YNE
Led a Brigade in Led a Brigade in Adjutant-General and

Hood's Corps. Georgia Reserves. Inspector-General of

Georgia.

ALFRED CUMMIXO JAMES P. SIMMS WILLIAM R. BOOGS

Led a Brigade of Led aGeorgiR Brigade in Chief of Staff to Gen.
Georgians in the West. Longstreet's Corps. E. Kirby Smith.

OInrpa — Army 0f

MAJOR-GENERAL BRAXTON BRAGG was given
command of the Second Corps of the Army of the
Mississippi on its organization, March 29, 1862.
There were ten divisions, composed chiefly of Ala
bama, Mississippi, and Louisiana troops. In July,
Major-General Samuel Jones had command, and
on August 15th, when General Bragg resumed
command of the whole army, his former corps
passed to the control of Major-General Hardee.
There was an aggregate present of about sixteen
thousand men. On November 7th, the Left Wing,
in an organization that had a short existence
after August 15th, again became the Second (or
Hardee's) Corps. In July, 1863, Lieutenant-Gen-
eral Hardee was relieved by Lieutenant-General D.
H. Hill, who commanded at Chickamauga, and the
later commanders were Major-Generals J. C.
Breckinridge, T. C. Hindman, Lieutenant-Gener
al J. B. Hood, Major-General C. L. Stevenson and
Lieutenant-General S. D. Lee. After 1864, the
corps was known as Hood's, or Lee's Corps, Har
dee having assumed command of the other corps.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL WILLIAM JOSEPH HAR
DEE (U.S. M. A. 1838) was born in Savannah, Geor
gia, October 10, 1815, and served in the Seminole
and Mexican wars. He resigned his commission
of lieutenant-colonel in January, 1861, to join the
Confederate forces, in which he was appointed a
brigadier-general in June. He was given command
of Fort Morgan, Mobile Bay, in March, and later,
as major-general, was transferred to the Central
Army of Kentucky, of which he had command from
December, 1861, to February, 1862. He was
given the Second Corps in the Army of the Mis
sissippi and led the advance at Shiloh. He took
part with this army as corps or wing commander in
Bragg's invasion of Kentucky, at Stone's River,
and at Chattanooga, having been made lieutenant-
general in October, 1862. In the summer of 1863
he had charge of the defenses of Mississippi and
Alabama. He had temporary command of the
Army of Tennessee after Bragg wras removed in
December, 1863. He had a corps during the At
lanta campaign, and in October, 1864, he was
placed in command of the Department of South
Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. He wras unable to
prevent the capture of Savannah, and, in February,
1865, joined Johnston, serving in the Army of
Tennessee, at the head of a corps formed from the
troops in his department, until its surrender. Af
ter the war, he lived at Selrna, Alabama, and died
at Wytheville, Virginia, November 6, 1873.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL DANIEL HARVEY HILL
(U.S.M.A. 1842) was born at Hill's Iron Works,
York District, South Carolina, July 12, 1821.
He resigned from the army after the Mexican
War, in which he had received the brevet of
major, and was engaged in teaching until he en
tered the Confederate army, in 1861. As colonel
of the First North Carolina Infantry, he showed
marked talent at Big Bethel, June 10th, and was
made brigadier-general the following month. As
major-general, he had a division and later a com
mand, or corps, in the Army of Northern Virginia,
and fought through the Peninsula campaign. He
was assigned to the Department of North Carolina
in July, but fought with his division at South
Mountain, where he held the Federal forces in
check, and at Antietam. In July, 1863, he was
made lieutenant-general, and replaced Lieutenant-
General Hardee in command of the Second Corps,
Army of Tennessee, which he led at Chickamauga,
and of which he was relieved in November. Witli
the rank of major-general, he took command of a
division in Lee's Corps, Army of Tennessee, in
March, 1865, and at the battle of Bentonville he
led the corps itself. After the war, he became an
editor, and from 1877 to 1884 was president of the
Arkansas Industrial University. He died at
Charlotte, North Carolina, September 25, 1889.

MAJOR-GENERAL CARTER LITTLEPAGE STEVEN
SON (U.S.M.A. 1838) was born near Fredericks-
burg, Virginia, September 21, 1817. He was
dismissed from the army in June, 1861, having en
tered the Confederate service as lieutenant-colonel.
He did duty at Cumberland Gap, from which he
drove Brigadier-General G. W. Morgan away, and
commanded a division in the Army of Tennessee.
He rose to the rank of major-general in October,
1862. His division was with Pcmberton's forces
in the battle of Chickasaw Bayou, December 26,
1862. He fought at Chickamauga and in the At
lanta campaign onward with the Army of Tennes
see, having on July, 1864, temporary command of
Hood's Corps, before the appointment of Lieuten
ant-General S. D. Lee. He also assumed command
of Lee's Corps, when the latter was wounded after
the battle of Nashville, until the army had crossed
the Tennessee. He died August 15, 1888.

MAJOR-GENERAL THOMAS CARMICHAEL HIND-
MAN was born in Tennessee, November, 1818. He
became a lawyer and served in Congress. He
fought in the Mexican War, and in I860 was a

[266]

INDIAN
TERRITORY

(ONE TO RIGHT)

KENTUCKY

( FIVE REMAINING )

John S. Williams Commanded
a Cavalry Brigade.

Thomas H. Taylor Led a William Preston Led a Division

Brigade in the Army of at the Battle of

Tennessee. Chickamauga.

CONFEDERATE
GENERALS

No. 8

Stand Watie, Indian Leader of Troops
at Pea Ridge.

James M. Hawes Com
manded a Brigade West
of the Mississippi.

Humphrey Marshall, Confederate
Defender of Kentucky.

r.'3 (E-atralrg <£0rp0 — Army of

member of the Charleston Convention. He went
to the Civil War as colonel of an Arkansas regi
ment, and served in the armies of the West and of
the Mississippi. For his conduct at Shiloh he was
made major-general. He was, at different times,
division commander in the Army of Tennessee, and
a temporary commander of the Second Corps, and
was also at the head of the Trans-Mississippi Dis
trict and that of Arkansas. He was defeated at
Prairie Grove and at Newtonia. After the war, he
went to Mexico, but returned to Arkansas and was
murdered by one of his former soldiers at Helena,
September 28, 1868.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL STEPHEN DILL LEE (U.
S.M.A. 1854) was born in Charleston, South Car
olina, September 22, 1833. He resigned from the
army in February, 1861, to enter the Confederate
service as captain in the artillery, and rose to the
rank of lieutenant-general June, 1864. He was
one of the three men who called on Major An
derson, April 12, 1861, and demanded the surren
der of Fort Sumter. He had a battalion in the
Washington Artillery, and was prominent at Sec
ond Bull Run and at Antietam. He was then sent

to the West and commanded a division at the bat
tle of Chickasaw Bayou, December 27, 1862, driv
ing back the Federal troops with great slaughter.
He was among those who surrendered at Vicksburg,
•July 4, 1863, and in August was put at the head
of the cavalry in the Department of Alabama, Mis
sissippi, and East Louisiana, and fought at Tu
pelo and other places. In May, 1864, he suc
ceeded Lieutenant-Gcneral Polk at the head of this
department, remaining there until July, when he
was assigned to the command of Hood's Corps,
Army of Tennessee, General Hood having been
placed at the head of the whole army. Henceforth
it was known as Lee's Corps. He was wounded
December 17, 1864, while protecting the rear of
the army in the retreat from Nashville. After the
war he became a planter in Mississippi ; a member
of the State legislature; and in 1880 he became
president of the Mississippi Agricultural and Me
chanical College. He was also at the head of the
Vicksburg National Park, and was commandcr-in-
cliief of the United Confederate Veterans, after the
death of Lieutenant-General John B. Gordon, in
1904. He died at Vicksburg, Mississippi, May 28,
1908.

'a Qlmmlnj QI0rps — Army 0f

ON JANUARY 22, 1863, Major-General Joseph
Wheeler was assigned to command all the cavalry
in Middle Tennessee. On March 16th, the cavalry
divisions in the Army of Tennessee were desig
nated as corps, and were given the names of their
respective commanders, Wheeler and Van Dorn.
The corps were organized into divisions and bri
gades, and Wheeler's Corps, sometimes known as
the Second Corps, had an aggregate present of
nearly twelve thousand. It displayed great activ
ity in Tennessee, making numerous raids and
guarding the flanks of the army. After the battle
of Chickamauga, it made a famous raid on Rose-
crans' communications, October, 1863. It also
operated on the flanks of the army during the At
lanta and other campaigns until the close of the
war.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL JOSEPH WHEELER (U.
S.M.A. 1859) was born in Augusta, Georgia, Sep
tember 10, 1836, and entered the mounted in
fantry, resigning, in 1861, to join the Confederate
army, in which he reached the rank of major-gen
eral (January, 1863), and commander of the Sec

ond Cavalry Corps, Army of Tennessee. He was
conspicuous as a raider, and was constantly cm-
ployed in guarding the flanks of the army, cutting
the Federal communications, covering retreats, and
obtaining information for the army commanders.
He was appointed lieutenant-general, February 28,
1865. After the war, he was a member of Congress
from 1881 to 1899. He was commissioned major-
general of volunteers in 1898, and went to tin-
Spanish War, commanding the troops at Las
Guasimas, and was senior field-officer at the battle
of San Juan Hill. He was senior member of the
commission which negotiated the surrender of San
tiago. He served with the American troops dur
ing the insurrection in the Philippines from Au
gust, 1899, to January 24, 1900, and on June 13,
1900, was appointed brigadier-general of the
United States army, being retired the following
September. He died in Brooklyn, New York,
January 25, 1906. General Wheeler made a
unique reputation for himself as a cavalry leader,
and in the Spanish war his services won universal
acknowledgment as typical of the complete re
union of the North and South.

[268]

(leorge B. Oosby Led a Brigade in Abraham Buford, Active Leader
Mississippi and Louisiana. of Cavalry.

Adam R. Johnson Led a Brigade of
Morgan's Cavalry.

CONFEDERATE GENERALS— No. 9— KENTUCKY (CONTINUED)

Ilyland B. Lyon Led a Brigade of
Cavalry in Forrest's Division.

Joseph H. Lewis Led a Brigade in
the Army of Tennessee.

George B. Hodge Commanded a
Brigade of Cavalry.

Hmt inrn'0 Qkualry (Eorps — Armg 0f

ON MARCH 16, 1863, Major-Gcncral Van
Dom's Cavalry Division in the Army of Tennessee
was called Van Dora's, or the First Cavalry Corps.

Armg nf

WHEN Major-General John C. Breckinridge as
sumed command of the forces around Murfrees-
boro on October 28, 1862, they were denominated
the Army of Middle Tennessee. There were three
brigades, with cavalry under Brigadier-General
Forrest, who was shortly relieved by Brigadier-
General Wheeler. When Bragg advanced from
Chattanooga to oppose Rosecrans, the Army of
Middle Tennessee became identified with a division
of Hardee's Corps, Army of Tennessee.

MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN CABELL BRECKINRIDGE
was born near Lexington, Kentucky, January 21,
1821, and became a lawyer. He served as major in
the Mexican War. From 1857 to 1861, he was
vice-president of the United States. In I860, he
was a candidate for the presidency, receiving the
electoral votes of the Southern States, with the ex
ception of Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mis
souri. He was sent to the Senate, but left that
body to join the Confederates. He was made

It had an average aggregate present of about
eight thousand, and was a valuable adjunct to
General Bragg's army.

brigadier-general in November, 1861, and major-
general in April, 1862, after the battle of Shiloh.
He had a command under General A. S. Johnston
in the Central Army of Kentucky, and Army of the
Mississippi, and led the reserve corps at Shiloh.
After the siege of Corinth he took his force to
Louisiana, and fought the battle of Baton Rouge,
August 6, 1862. Later, he headed the Department
and Army of Middle Tennessee. Rejoining the
Army of Tennessee at the end of 1862, he fought
at Stone's River, Chickamauga, and Chattanooga,
at the head of a division in Hardee's Corps, and
was its temporary commander for a period before
the battle of Chattanooga. He was brought East
after the opening of the Wilderness campaign,
fought at Cold Harbor, and was second in com
mand under Early in the Shenandoah. From Feb
ruary 6, 1865, to the downfall of the Confederacy,
he was Secretary of War. He then went to
Europe, but returned in 1868, and resumed the
practice of law. He died in Lexington, Kentucky,
May 17, 1875.

(Strarfc

ON JUNE 12, 1861, Governor C. F. Jackson of
Missouri, in defiance of the United States military
government, issued a call for fifty thousand of the
State militia for active service. At the time of
the flight of the governor and his followers to the
extreme southwestern corner of the State, he was

joined by Price. At that time, the whole Confed
erate State force amounted to about three thou
sand men. This Missouri State Guard was in com
mand of Brigadier-Generals Sterling Price and
M. M. Parsons from October 29, 1861, to March
17, 1862, when it merged in the Army of the West.

Armg 0f

MAJOR-GENERAL EARL VAN DORN assumed
command of the troops in the Trans-Mississippi
District of Western Department (No. 2), on Jan
uary 29, 1862. Out of the force grew the Army
of the West, so called after March 4th. It was
largely composed of the Missouri State Guard.
This army fought at Pea Ridge and elsewhere in
Arkansas, and, being transferred across the Mis
sissippi, was present at the siege of Corinth. The

First Division was commanded by Major-General
Sterling Price after March 22d, and the Second
by Major-General Samuel Jones. It had three
divisions after May, and a strength of over twenty
thousand. On June 20th, Van Dorn was replaced
by Major-General John P. McCown, who had com
manded the Third Division, and he in turn by
Major-General Price, on July 3d. The transfer
of the Army of the Mississippi to Chattanooga at

[270]

Paul O. Hebert Com
manded the Army of
Louisiana Defend
ing New Orleans.

Louis Hebert, Active Thomas M. Scott, Orig-
Commander in the inally Colonel of the

Southwest. 12th Regiment.

Franklin Gardner, Defender
of Port Hudson against
Banks in 1863.

CONFED
ERATE
GENERALS

No. 10
LOUISI
ANA

James P. Major Led a

Cavalry Brigade in

Louisiana.

Edward Higgins, Con
spicuous ?t New Orleans
in 1862.

Henry H. Sibley, Con
spicuous Leader in
New Mexico.

\

Albert G. Blanchard Led a Brigade
in the Army of Northern Virginia.

Zebulon York Commanded a
Brigade.

Allan Thomas Led a Brigade in the
Army of Northern Virginia.

Army nf

— Army

the end of July, left the Army of the West in con
trol of western Tennessee, and northern Missis
sippi. One division of the army fought the battle of
luka, September l()th. On' September 28th, a
junction was made with Van Dora's new command
of troops in Mississippi, and the new organization
was denominated the Army of West Tennessee. To
Price was assigned a corps, which continued to be
called, sometimes, the Army of the West.

MAJOR-GENERAL KARL VAN DORN (U.S.M.A.
1842) was born near Port Gibson, Mississippi,
September 17, 1820, and served in the Mexican
War and in several Indian campaigns. He re
signed from the army, and was commissioned a
colonel in the Confederate States army in March,
1861. His first commands were at New Orleans,
and in the Department of Texas, where he forced
the surrender of United States troops under Major
Sibley and Colonel Reeve. He was made brigadier-
general in June and major-general in September.
In October and November, 1861, he commanded a
division in the Army of the Potomac, and was as
signed, in January, 1862, to the Trans-Mississippi
District (Department No. 2), in which he had
command of the Army of the West. He was de
feated at Pea Ridge in March, and, with the Army
of West Tennessee, at Corinth in October. After
Pemberton assumed control of this force in the
department in which Van Dorn was operating, he
continued to command a cavalry division, at the

head of which he made a brilliant raid in Missis
sippi in December, 1862. In March, 1863, Van
Dora's cavalry division was designated a corps in
the Army of Tennessee. On May 8, 1863, lie-
was shot and killed by Doctor Peters, at Spring
Hill, Tennessee, the result of a private quarrel.

MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN POUTER McCowN (U.
S.M.A. 18-10) was born in Tennessee, in 1815,
and served in the Mexican war, being brevetted
captain for gallant conduct at Cerro Gordo. He
resigned from the service in May, 1861, and entered
the Confederate army, taking charge of the ar
tillery in the provisional army of the State of Ten
nessee. As brigadier-general, he commanded a di
vision of Folk's army at the battle of Belmont,
November 7, 1861. After commanding at New-
Madrid, he had a division in the Army of the
West, and was temporarily at the head of that
force in June, 1862. He was placed in command
of the Department of East Tennessee in Septem
ber. Subsequently, he commanded a division of
the Army of Kentucky, which fought with the
Second Corps, Army of Tennessee, at the battle
of Stone's River. In February, 1863, lie was ar
rested on charges of conduct prejudicial to good
order and military discipline and sent to Chatta
nooga, but was released. At the end of the war
he fought with the Army of Tennessee in North
Carolina. He died, January 22, 1879.

Army nf Ibsi

Armg nf iltestam

MAJOR-GENERA i. VAN DORN was transferred
June 20, 1862, from the Army of the West to the
Department of Southern Mississippi and East
Louisiana. His troops occupied Vicksburg, and a
force from the Reserve Corps of the Army of the
Mississippi, under Major-General Breckinridgc,
fought the battle of Baton Rouge, August 6th.
On September 28th, Van Dora's troops joined the
Army of the West to oppose Rosecrans' activities
in northern Mississippi, and the combined force
was denominated the Army of West Tennessee,
with Van Dorn at the head. It fought the battle
of Corinth (October 4th), and on December 7th
its name was changed to the Army of Mississippi.
It consisted of two corps, headed by Van Dorn
and Price, the chief control having passed to Lieu-
tenant-General John C. Pemberton, at the head of
the Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana.
Van Dorn, with his cavalry, made a famous raid in

northern Mississippi in December, capturing the
Federal supply depot at Holly Springs. In Jan
uary, 1863, the corps were changed into divisions.
The title, Army of Mississippi, ceased to be used
shortly after this date. The chief force under
Pemberton surrendered at Vicksburg. Meanwhile,
Van Dorn had been killed in Tennessee, May 8,
1863, and Price had been ordered to the Trans-
Mississippi Department, February 27, 1863.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL JOHN CLIFFORD PKM-
BERTON (U.S.M.A. 1837) was born in Philadel
phia, August 10, 1814, and served in the Seminole
and Mexican wars, making a noteworthy record in
the artillery service. He entered the Confederate
army in April, 1861, as major and chief of the
Virginia artillery, being made brigadier-general in
June. In November, 1861, he was transferred to
South Carolina, and appointed major-general in

[272]

Johnson K. Duncan Commanded the
River Defenses below New Orleans.

Randall L. Gibson, Active leader
in many Western Battles.

William R. Peck Commanded 9th Louis
iana; Led a Charge at Appomattox.

CONFEDERATE

GENERALS— No. 11

LOUISIANA AND

MARYLAND

(Two Below.)

Daniel W. Adams, Noted Commander
in the Southwest.

St. John Lidell Led a Brigade in the
Army of the Mississippi.

Mansfield Lovell, Defender of the William W. Mac-kail, Chief of Staff,
Lower Mississippi in 1862. Army of Tennessee.

Armg — Sfoma-fltaBtHBtppt Armg

January, 1862, when his command was enlarged to
include Georgia and East Florida. In October,
he was advanced to the rank of lieutenant-general
and sent to the Department of Mississippi and
East Louisiana, where he took chief command of
all the troops therein, including the Army of West
Tennessee (or Mississippi) under Van Dorn and
Price. He surrendered Vicksburg to Major-Gen-

eral Grant, July 4, 1863, and after exchange re
signed his commission on account of criticism re
sulting from the surrender. In May, 1864, with
the rank of lieutenant-colonel, he was given com
mand of the artillery defenses at Richmond where
he served until the close of the war. He became
a farmer in Virginia, and died in Pcnllyn, Pennsyl
vania, July 13, 1881.

Armg — ©rans-ilitHatastppt Army

THE FORCES in the Department of West Louisi
ana and Texas were constituted the Southwestern
Army, January 14, 1863, and the command was
given to Lieutenant-General E. Kirby Smith. On
February 9th, the command was enlarged so as to
embrace the whole Trans-Mississippi Department,
which, on May 26, 1862, had been separated from
the Western Department (Department No. 2).
Major-General T. H. Holmes had previously
commanded in the Trans-Mississippi. Smith had
about thirty thousand men, widely scattered from
Fort Smith, Arkansas, to the Rio Grande. Major-
General Holmes was defeated at Helena, July 4,
1863. The various portions of the army were con
stantly occupied in small engagements. These
forces opposed the Federal Red River expedition
in 1864. At the latest returns, in 1865, the ag
gregate present of the force was about forty-three
thousand. They were the last Confederate troops
to surrender, May 26, 1865.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL THEOPHILUS HUNTER
HOLMES (U.S.M.A. 1829) was born in Sampson
County, North Carolina, in 1804, and fought in
the Florida and Mexican wars. He resigned his
commission of major in April, 1861, and entered
the Confederate service, rising to the rank of lieu
tenant-general on October 10, 1862. On account
of his age he saw little active service, but wras
placed at the head of various districts and depart
ments throughout the Confederacy. On July 4,

1863, while in command of the District of Arkan
sas, Trans-Mississippi Department, he led an un
successful attack on Helena. He died in Fayette-
ville, North Carolina, June 20, 1880.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL RICHARD TAYLOR, son
of Zachary Taylor, was born in New Orleans,
Louisiana, January 27, 1826. He was a Yale
graduate and went to the Mexican War with Gen
eral Taylor. He joined the Confederate army in
1861, serving first as colonel of the Ninth Louisi
ana Volunteers in the Army of the Potomac. He
was promoted to brigadier-general in October, and
served under " Stonewall " Jackson in the Shenan-
doah valley and in the Peninsula campaign. He
was made major-general in July, 1862, and the
following month was assigned to the command
of the District of West Louisiana (Trans-Missis
sippi Department), where he remained until June,

1864. It was hoped that he would recover New
Orleans. He occupied the Teche country during
the winter of 1862—63. In the following spring
and summer he fought against Weitzel and cap
tured Brashear City. He readied the west bank
of the Mississippi near New Orleans in July, but
was driven back by Weitzel and Franklin. The
following year he was instrumental in defeating
the Red River expedition. In September, 1864,
he was sent to command the Department of Ala
bama, Mississippi and East Louisiana, and sur
rendered to Major-General Canby, May 4, 1865.
He died in New York City, April 12, 1879.

Army 0f Ul

IN AUGUST, 1864, General E. Kirby Smith erate army. Price's force, consisting of the divi-

ordered Major-General Sterling Price to move
into Missouri. It was expected that the various
independent bands could be organized and bring
at least twenty thousand recruits into the Confed-

sions of Fagan, Marmaduke, and Shelby, amounted
to nearly twelve thousand men, and is variously
called the Army of the Missouri, Price's Expedi
tionary Corps, and the Army in the Field. After a

[274]

John W. Frazer Commanded Samuel J. Gholson Com- William F. Tucker Led a Benjamin G. Humphries Led
a Brigade. manded a Brigade. Brigade under Hood. a Brigade in Virginia.

CONFEDERATE
GENERALS

No. 12
MISSISSIPPI

AVilliam E. Baldwin, Commander of
a Brigade at Mobile.

Jacob II. Sharp Led a Brigade in
General Folk's Corps.

Claudius W. Sears, Originally Kobert Lowry, Commander William F. Brantly Command- Douglas H. Cooper, Leader
Colonel of the 46th Regt. of a Brigade. ed a Brigade in Tennessee. of Indian Troops.

very active campaign, Price was driven into Arkan
sas at the end of November by Major-Generals
Rosecrans and Pleasanton, and the Army of the
Missouri again became identified with the forces in
the Trans-Mississippi Department.

MAJOR-GENERAL STERLING PRICE was born in
Prince Edward County, Virginia, September 14,
1809. He settled in Missouri in 1830, and was a
member of Congress in 1845, when he went to the
Mexican War, in which he was made brigadier-
general of volunteers. From 1853 to 1857, he was
governor of the State, and president of the State
Convention of 1853. He was made major-general
of the Missouri militia in May, and assumed com

mand of the Missouri State Guard, July 30, 1861.
As major-general of the Confederate Army he
commanded the Army of the West from July 2
to September 28, 1862, and later a corps of Van
Dorn's Army of Mississippi. In February, 1863,
he was ordered to the Trans-Mississippi Depart
ment, where he held various commands in Arkan
sas and elsewhere. His most noteworthy effort
was the expedition into Missouri, August-Decem
ber, 1864, in an attempt to gather a large number
of recruits from the independent bands in that
State. But Rosecrans drove him back to Arkan
sas. After the war he became interested in a colo
nization scheme in Mexico, but returned to the
United States in 1866, and died in St. Louis, Sep
tember 29, 1867.

Armjj nf

IN DECEMBER, 1863, Lieutenant-General Leoni-
das Polk, succeeding Pemberton, was put in com
mand of the force of the Department of Alabama,
Mississippi and Fast Louisiana. It had two divi
sions of cavalry and a strength of about twenty
thousand. This is the force that contended with
Major-General Sherman in Mississippi during the
winter of 1864. In May, Polk joined the Army of
Tennessee to oppose Sherman's advance to At
lanta, and he then denominated his troops the
Army of Mississippi. Polk was killed on Pine
Mountain, Georgia, June 14th, and was succeeded
by Lieutenant-General A. P. Stewart. On July
26th, the Army of Mississippi was joined to the
Army of Tennessee as Stewart's Corps.

LIEUTENANT - GENERAL ALEXANDER PETER
STEWART (U.S.M.A. 1842) was born in Rogers-
ville, Tennessee, October 12, 1821. He resigned
from the army in 1845. He entered the Confeder
ate service from Tennessee, rising to the rank of
lieutenant-general in June, 1864, which rank was
confirmed the following year. He had a brigade in
Folk's command in the Western Department, and
later a division in the Army of Tennessee. He was

wounded at Ezra Church in the Atlanta campaign,
and after Folk's death, he succeeded to the com
mand of the Army of Mississippi, which later be
came a corps of the Army of Tennessee. On
March 16, 1865, he was assigned to the command
of the infantry and artillery in that army. He died
at Biloxi, Mississippi, August 30, 1908.

MAJOR-GENERAL EDWARD GARY WALTHALL
was born in Richmond, Virginia, April 4, 1831.
He became a lawyer, practising in Coffeyvillc,
Mississippi. He entered the Confederate service,
in 1861, as lieutenant of the Fifteenth Mississippi
Infantry, and in December, 1862, became briga
dier-general, and major-general in June, 1864.
He fought gallantly at Missionary Ridge and
covered Hood's retreat at Nashville, where he
prevented the capture of the Army of Tennessee
by Thomas. In March, 1865, he had command of
Stewart's Corps, Army of Tennessee, until the re
organization of April 9th, when he returned to
the head of his division. After the war he became
United States senator from Mississippi. He died
in Washington, April 21, 1898.

MAJOR-GENERAL WILLIAM DORSEY PKNDER (U. federate service as colonel of the Sixth North Car-
S.M.A. 1854) was born in Edgecombe County, olina Infantry. In June, 1862, he became brig-
North Carolina, February 6, 1834. He resigned adier-general and was made major-general in May,
from the army in March, 1861, to enter the Con- 1863. He was brigade and division commander in

[276]

Mark B. Lowrey Led a Edward Cary \Valthall, Charles Clark Corn-
Brigade in Cleburne's Conspicuous at Frank- manded a Division
Division in the Army lin; Later United under General J. C.
of Tennessee. States Senator. Breckinridge.

CONFEDERATE GENERALS-
No. 13— MISSISSIPPI

Samuel G. French, Leader of the Assault on
Alatoona Pass in 1864.

William L. Brandon Com
manded a Cavalry Brigade.

Nathaniel H. Harris, Colonel
of the 19th Regiment.

Peter B. Stark Led a Cavalry
Brigade in Forrest's Corps.

Samuel W. Ferguson Com- George D. Johnston Led a Joseph R. Davis Led a Brigade \Virt Adams, a Conspicuous
manded a Cavalry Brigade. Brigade under Bragg. in R. E. Lee's Army. Cavalry Commander.

ffiuttfr iterate

the Army of Northern Virginia, receiving his di
vision on the organization of the Third Army
Corps. He died in Staunton, Virginia, July 18,
1863, from wounds received upon the field of
Gettysburg.

MAJOR-GENERAL STEPHEN DODSON RAMSETJR
(U.S.M.A. 1860) was born in Lincolnton, North
Carolina, May 31, 1837, and was assigned to the
artillery at Fort Monroe. He resigned in April,
1861, to enter the Confederate service. He was
made major in the North Carolina State artillery.
He was present at the siege of Yorktown, and was
placed at the head of a North Carolina regiment
in April. He was severely wounded at Malvern
Hill, but returned to the army during the winter
of 1862-63, having been made brigadier-general
in October. He led a brigade with great ability
in the Second Army Corps at Chancellorsville and
at Gettysburg. In the latter battle he was prom
inent in the capture of the town. The following
year he was again wounded at Spotsylvania, and
as major-general he succeeded to Early's division,
when the latter was placed at the head of the Sec
ond Army Corps. He went to the Shenandoah
valley with Early, and after taking a prominent
part in all the principal engagements, he was cap
tured, mortally wounded, at Cedar Creek on Octo
ber 19, 1864.

MAJOR-GENERAL, WILLIAM HENRY TALBOT
WALKER (U.S.M.A. 1837) was born in Georgia
in October, 1816. While serving in Florida he
was thrice wounded in the battle of Okecchobee,
December 25, 1837. He fought with great dis
tinction in the Mexican War. Early in 1861, he
joined the Confederate army, in which he rose to
the rank of major-general in May, 1863. He had
a brigade in the Second Corps, Army of the Mis
sissippi, and later a command in the District of
Georgia, under Beauregard. He was sent with a
brigade to the assistance of Johnston in the lat-
ter's attempt to keep Grant from Vicksburg, in
May, 1863. In August, he was given a division in
Hill's Corps, Army of Tennessee, and commanded
the reserves at Chickamauga, after which he was in
Hardee's Corps in the Chattanooga and Atlanta
campaigns until he was killed at Decatur, near At
lanta, July 22, 1864.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL NATHAN BEDFORD FOR
REST was born near the site of Chapel Hill, Ten
nessee, July 13, 1821, and became a slave-trader
at Memphis. In the summer of 1861, he joined
the Tennessee mounted rifles as private, and a

month later raised and equipped a force of Con
federate cavalry. He escaped with his battalion
from Fort Donelson, and by the middle of 1862
he had become brigadier-general and was one of
the most important officers in the Confederate
army. At the head of his independent cavalry or
ganization, he was active during Bragg's invasion
of Kentucky and remained there some time. He
was with the Army of Tennessee at Chickamauga,
and in November, 1863, was made major-general
and assigned to the command of all the cavalry in
western Tennessee and northern Mississippi. In
March and April, 1864, he advanced from Missis
sippi with a large force. He captured Union City
with its garrison, and attacked Paducah, Ken
tucky. He fought with Sooy Smith, and re
treating to Fort Pillow, captured the garri
son there, amid great slaughter on April 12th.
He then returned to Mississippi and began to
operate against Sherman's lines of communication.
He defeated Sturgis, at Gun town, on June l()th,
but was put to rout by A. J. Smith, at Tupelo, on
July 14th. In January, 1865, he was placed in
command of the District of Mississippi and East
Louisiana, and on February 28th was made lieu
tenant-general. He was defeated at Selma, Ala
bama, by the Federal cavalry-leader, J. H. Wil
son, and surrendered his forces with those of Lieu-
tenant-Gcneral Richard Taylor in May. After the
war he conducted several large plantations. He
died in Memphis, Tennessee, October 29, 1877.

MAJOR-GENERAL DABNEY HERNDON MATRY
(U.S.M.A. 1846) was born in Fredericksburg, Vir
ginia, May 20, 1822, and served in the Mexican
War with distinction. He taught at West Point,
and served in the West, being assistant adjutant-
general in New Mexico when the Civil War broke
out. He was dismissed from the service in June,
1861, having enlisted as captain in the Con fed-
ate cavalry. He served with the forces that later
became the Army of the West, and after the battle
of Pea Ridge was made brigadier-general. He had
a division in the Army of the West, and commanded
the whole force temporarily in June, 1862. As
major-general, he had a division with Pemberton's
forces in the battle with Sherman at Chickasaw
Bayou, December 26, 1862. In 1863, he was
placed at the head of the Department of East Ten
nessee, and in 1864-65, he was in command of the
Department of the Gulf, surrendering at Meridian,
Mississippi, May 11, 1865. He was the founder
of the Southern Historical Society, and from
1886 to 1889 was American minister to Colombia.
He died in Pcoria, Illinois, January 11, 1900.

1278]

John 13. Chirk Coin- John G. Walker, a Dar- Joseph O. Shelby, Cav- M. M. Parsons Led a Joseph H. Cockrell, Dis
mantled a Cavalry ing Leader in the airy Commander in Brigade in Price's tinguished in Missouri
Brigade; Engaged Army of Northern Arkansas and Mis- Division; Defender Campaigns; Later
at Pea Ridge. Virginia. souri Battles. of Red River. U. S. Senator.

CONFEDERATE

GENERALS— No. 14

MISSOURI

(ABOVE AND TO RIGHT)
NORTH CAROLINA

(BELOW)

John S. Marmaduke, Leader Daniel M. Frost Led a Bri- John S. Bowen, Conspicuous
of Cavalry West of the gade of State Guard at Port Gibson and

Mississippi. under General Price. Vicksburg in 1863.

James G. Martin Led a Robert Ransom, Jr., One of Richard C. Gatlm, Colonel Bryan Grimes Led a Di-
Brigade Defending Rich- the Defenders of Marye's of a Corps of Infantry, vision in the Army of

mond in 1864-5. Heights in 1862. C. S. A., in 1861. Northern Virginia.

(Eottfrtontfe

BRIGADIER-GENERAL Jo FIX HVXT MORGAN was
born in Huntsville, Alabama, June 1, 1826. He
served in the Mexican War and joined the Con
federate army in command of the Lexington
Rifles, of Kentucky. He did scouting duty, and,
as colonel, organized three cavalry companies
known as Morgan's Squadron, which operated in
Tennessee and Kentucky and fought at Shiloh.
His invasion of Kentucky in July, 1862, prepared
the way for Bragg. At Lexington, he routed a
Union force and his frequent raids, especially the
famous Christmas raid of 1862, were among the
boldest Confederate exploits. His ability won
him promotion to brigadier-general. In July,
1863, he made another raid into Kentucky. At
Buffington Ford, about seven hundred of his men,
hemmed in by Shackelton and Hobson, were
forced to surrender, but Morgan escaped. At last
he was captured by Shackelton at New Lisbon,
July 26, 1863, but he and six fellow prisoners es
caped from the Ohio State Penitentiary at Colum
bus, on November 27th, and joined the Confeder
ate army in northern Georgia. In April, 1864*,
he was put at the head of the Department of
Southwestern Virginia. Late in May, Morgan, with
a few followers, went over into Kentucky, making
a raid upon Lexington and dashing toward Frank
fort, but Burbridge struck him a severe blow at
Cynthiana, June 12th, and Morgan lost seven hun
dred men and one thousand horses. The early
part of September found him in Greenville. While
there the town was surprised and surrounded by
Gillem's troops, and in attempting to escape Mor
gan was shot and killed September 4, 1864.

MAJOR-GENERAL LAFAYETTE McLAws (U.S.
M.A. 1842) was born in Augusta, Georgia, Jan
uary 15, 1821. In March, 1861, he resigned from
the army to enter the Confederate service, in which
he reached the rank of major-general in May,
1862. He commanded a division in Magruder's
command, Army of Northern Virginia, through
the Seven Days' battle, and was then transferred
to Longstreet's command, being identified as di
vision commander with the First Army Corps
through the Maryland campaign of 1862, and all
the succeeding campaigns of the Army of North
ern Virginia (including Chancellorsville) until
September, 1863, when he went West with Long-
street and fought at Chickamauga and Knoxville.
In May, 1864, he was sent to Georgia and South
Carolina and being under Lieutenant-General Har-
dee eventually had a division in Hardee's Corps,
when in February, 1865, the latter united his forces
with the Army of Tennessee. After the war he

was collector of internal revenue and postmaster
at Savannah, where he died, July 24, 1897.

BRIGADIER-GENERAL FELIX KIRK ZOLLICOFFER
wTas born in Maury County, Tennessee, May 19,
1812. He became a printer and editor, interrupt
ing the pursuit of this calling to serve in the Scm-
inole War. In 1841, he was made associate editor
of the Nashville Banner, was State comptroller
from 1844 to 1849, and continued his political
career in the State senate. He was a member of
Congress from 1853 to 1859, and also a delegate
to the Peace Conference held at Washington,

1861. In May of that year he was appointed
major-general of the provisional army of Tennes
see, and in July, after commanding an instruc
tion camp, was made brigadier-general of the Con
federate army and assigned to the District of
East Tennessee. His forces were defeated by
Brigadier-General Schoepf at Camp Wildcat,
Kentucky, October 21st, and in an encounter
with Brigadier-General Thomas at Logan's Cross
Roads, or Mill Springs, Kentucky, January 19,

1862, he was killed.

MAJOR-GENERAL HENRY HETII (U.S. M.A.
1847) was born in Chesterfield County, Virginia,
December 16, 1825. He rose to the rank of cap
tain in the Tenth Infantry, from which he re
signed, April 25, 1861, to enter the Confederate
Army. He was made colonel of the Forty-fifth
Virginia Infantry, June 17, 1861. He was com
missioned brigadier-general, January 6, 1862, and
major-general, May 24, 1863. After serving with
his brigade in West Virginia under General
Humphrey Marshall, and in the invasion of Ken
tucky under General Bragg, where he commanded
a division of infantry and a brigade of cavalry, he
came East, and commanded a division in the Get
tysburg campaign. He was also in various cam
paigns with the Army of Northern Virginia, com
manding a division in A. P. Hill's Third Army
Corps. He surrendered at Appomattox, and died
at Washington, D. C., September 26, 1899.

MAJOR-GENERAL JOSEPH B. KERSHAW was born
at Camden, South Carolina, January 5, 1822.
He was a member of the State Senate, 1852-57.
He entered the Confederate service and was soon
made colonel of the Second South Carolina regi
ment, and on February 15, 1862, he was ap
pointed a brigadier-general. In that capacity
he served on the Peninsula and in the Seven
Days' battle. He also fought at Antietam, Fred-

[ 280 ]

Alfred M. Scales Led a William P. Roberts Led John D. Barry, Colonel William MeRae Led n William R. Cox Led a
North Carolina Bri- a Brigade of Cavalry of the 18th North North Carolina Bri- North Carolina Bri
gade in Hill's Corps, in Virginia. Carolina Regiment. gade in Lee's Army. gadeinEwell's Corps.

CONFED
ERATE
GENERALS

No. 15

NORTH

CAROLINA

R. Leventhorpe, Defender of Fort
Fisher.

Lawrence. S. Baker, Colonel of the 1st
Cavalry.

Thomas F.Toon Led a North

Carolina Brigade in Lee's

Army.

John R. Cooke, Engaged in

Repelling Burnside at Fred-

erickshurg.

Rnfus Barringer Led a Bri
gade of Cavalry in Vir
ginia.

Thomas L. Clingman Led a

North Carolina Brigade in

Lee's Army.

ericksburg, and Gettysburg, and with General
Longstreet's Corps. He was engaged at the bat
tle of Chickamauga, commanding a brigade in
McLaws' Division of the Left Wing. Return
ing to the East he was prominent in the Wil
derness campaign, and in the Shenandoah he was
with Ewell's Corps at Sailors' Creek, when his
command was captured on April 6, 1865, and he
was released from Fort Warren, Mass., July 24,
of the same year. He was elected President of
the State Senate and later became a judge of the
Circuit Court of South Carolina. General Ker-
shaw died at Camden, South Carolina, April 13,
1894.

MAJOR-GENERAL, CHARLES WILLIAM FIELD
(U.S.M.A. 1849) was born in Woodford County,
Kentucky, in 1818. He served in the Second
Dragoons until May, 1861, when he resigned to
enter the Confederate service, and was appointed
brigadier-general on March 14, 1862. On Feb
ruary 12, 1864, he was appointed major-general.
He served at Games' Mill, the Second Bull Run,
the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Drewry's Bluff, and
in the campaign around Petersburg; being in
command of Field's Division of the First Army
Corps. General Field died in Washington, D. C.,
April 9, 1892.

MAJOR-GENERAL CADMUS MARCELLTJS WILCOX
(U.S.M.A. 1846) was born in Wayne County,
North Carolina, May 29, 1826. He served, with
distinguished bravery in the Mexican War and
was brevetted for gallantry and meritorious con
duct at Chapultepec, acting as assistant instructor
at West Point (1852-57) and becoming a Cap
tain in 1860. On June 8, 1861, he resigned to
enter the Confederate service. He was made a
brigadier-general October 21, 1861, and served
at Seven Pines, the Second Bull Run, and in the
Antietam campaign ; his name being associated
with a brigade that achieved notable reputation
during the war. It was composed of the Eighth,
Ninth, Tenth, and Eleventh Alabama regiments
and Thomas' Artillery, and was in Longstreet's
division of the Army of Northern Virginia. It
made a striking record in the Seven Days' battles,
where it sustained a loss of 1055, or 57 per cent,
of its entire number. Later this brigade was in
General R. H. Anderson's division, to the com
mand of which General Wilcox succeeded. He also
participated at the battle of Gettysburg and served
through a number of campaigns in the Army of
Northern Virginia until the final surrender at Ap-

pomattox. He was appointed a major-general in
1863. From 1886 until his death, on December 2,
1890, he was chief of the Railroad Division of the
General Land Office at Washington, D. C. He
wrote a " History of the Mexican War," which is
regarded as the standard military work on the
subject.

MAJOR-GENERAL ROBERT E. ROBES was born
at Lynchburg, Virginia, March 29, 1829. He was
graduated at the Virginia Military Institute at
Lexington in 1848, and was a professor there un
til appointed captain of the Mobile Cadets early
in 1861. He was made colonel of the Fifth Ala
bama and in October, 1861, was appointed
brigadier-general. He served at the First Battle
of Bull Run and at the battles of Seven Pines
and Games' Mills, and distinguished himself in
command of Rodes' Brigade, which was composed
of Alabama troops in Hill's Division of Jackson's
Corps, Army of Northern Virginia. On May 7,
1863, General Rodes was appointed major-gen
eral and he commanded a division at Chancellors-
ville and Gettysburg in Ewell's Second Corps of
the Army of Northern Virginia. He also par
ticipated in the Wilderness campaign and in the
operations in the Shenandoah valley, where he was
killed in action at Winchester, September 19, 1864.

MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE EDWARD PICKKTT
(U.S.M.A. 1846) was born at Richmond, Vir
ginia, June 28, 1828. He served in the Mexican
War, receiving the brevet of first lieutenant for
gallant service at Contreras and Churubusco, and
also the brevet of lieutenant for distinguished
service at Chapultepec. He served with the regu
lar army in the Territory of Washington, and at
various posts in the West until June 25, 1861,
when he resigned. He was appointed a colonel
in the Confederate army, on July 23, and on
January 14, 1862, he was appointed as brigadier-
general. He served in command of a brigade in
Longstreet's division of General Joseph E. John
ston's Army, and on October 11 he was made
major-general, commanding a division in the
Army of Northern Virginia. General Pickett
made a memorable charge against the Federal
front at Cemetery Hill on the third day of Get
tysburg, his division having reached the field on
that day. In September, 1863, General Pickett
commanded the Department of North Carolina
and operated against Drewry's Bluff in the fol
lowing year, after his return to Virginia. He
was defeated at Lynchburg in an attempt to

[282]

James H. Trapier, Commander at Fort Benjamin Huger, Commander of a William H. Wallace, Originally Colonel
Moultrie and Sullivan's Island. Division at Seven Pines. of the 18th Regiment.

CONFEDERATE
GENERALS

No. 1.6

SOUTH CAROLINA

Milledge L. Bon ham Became Governor of
South Carolina.

Thomas F. Drayton Commanded a Military
District in South Carolina.

James Chestnut, Aide to Beauregard Johnson Hagood, Defender of Rich- Arthur M. Manigault, Colonel 10th
at Fort Sumter. mond and Petersburg. Regiment.

(jfcnmifa

oppose Sheridan's cavalry in March, 1865, and also
at Dinwiddie Court House and Five Forks. He
surrendered with the Army of Northern Virginia
and at the conclusion of the war he settled in Rich
mond, where he died in 1875.

MAJOR-GENERAL WILLIAM HENRY FITZHUGH
LEE was born at Arlington, Virginia, May 31,
1837, the second son of General Robert E. Lee.
For two years he served as second lieutenant with
the Sixth U. S. Infantry, resigning in May, 1859.
At the outbreak of the Civil War he entered the
Confederate Army in a Virginia cavalry regiment,
was made a brigadier-general to rank from Sep
tember 15, 1862, being promoted to major-gen
eral, April 23, 1864. During the Peninsula cam
paign General Lee, then colonel commanding the
Ninth Virginia Cavalry, participated in Stuart's
ride around McClellan's army. In the Chancellors-
ville campaign General Lee was in command of a
body of cavalry which fought with the Union Cav
alry of General Stoneman under the immediate
command of General Averell. General Lee's bri
gade also participated in the Gettysburg cam
paign, forming one of the six brigades commanded
by Major-General J. E. B. Stuart. General Lee
with his cavalry opposed the advances of Gen
eral Sheridan in his Trevilian raid when Wilson
was sent out to cut the Weldon and South Side
Road : and at the Petersburg campaign his cavalry
participated actively, making many valiant assaults
on the Federal lines. Before the surrender of Ap-
pomattox, General Lee with his cavalry aided Gen
eral Gordon in keeping back the Union advances
and protecting the wagon-trains of the Confeder
ate army. He was paroled at Appornattox Court
House, April 9, 1865, and died at Ravensworth,
Fairfax County, Virginia, October 15, 1891.

MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE WASHINGTON CITSTIS
LEE (U.S.M.A. 1854) was born at Fortress Mon
roe, Virginia, September 16, 1832, and was the
eldest son of General Robert E. Lee. Upon grad
uation from the United States Military Academy
he joined the corps of engineers, in which he served
until May 2, 1861, when he resigned to enter the
Confederate Army. The greater part of his service
was as aide to President Jefferson Davis. He was
appointed major-general serving with the volun
teer troops with temporary rank on February 7,
1865, the commission dating from October 20,
1864. On the same date he was also made full
major-general. He was captured at Sailor's Creek,
April 6, 1865, and was paroled six days later,
which parole was extended until April 23, 1865.

In addition to serving as aide to President Davis,
General Lee was in command of military forces in
the city of Richmond. In the latter part of the
war he commanded a division of Ewell's corps,
and it was at this time that his division was
captured along with that of General Kershaw.
After the war he became professor of civil en
gineering at the Virginia Military Institute, and
in 1871 he succeeded his father, — General Robert
E. Lee, — as president of the Washington & Lee
University. This position he held until 1897,
when he became president emeritus.

MAJOR-GENERAL MATTHEW CALVIN BUTLKK
was born near Greenville, South Carolina, March
8, 1836. He was admitted to the South Carolina
bar in 1856, and in addition to practising law was
elected to the State legislature in 1859. At the
outbreak of the Civil War he entered the Confed
erate Army as captain, and rose to the command
of the Second South Carolina Cavalry, which
fought a notable action at Brandy Station on
June 10, 1863, in which Colonel Butler lost his
right leg. He was appointed brigadier-general,
September 2, 1863. In the following year General
Butler had command of a brigade consisting of the
Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth South Carolina Cavalry,
which was included in General Wade Hampton's
division and operated with the Army of Northern
Virginia. General Butler participated in the bat
tle of Trevilian Station on June 12, 1864, com
manding General Hampton's division, where he
was engaged with the cavalry of General Sheridan^
and later broke through General J. H. Wilson's
lines. General Butler was sent to resist the onward
march of Sherman through North Carolina, and
he participated in the battle of Bentonville. He
had previously, December 7, 1864, been appointed
major-general. After the surrender at Greens
boro, General Butler was paroled, May 1, 1865.
Entering politics again after the war, General But
ler met with rapid advancement, and was United
States Senator from South Carolina from 1877 to
1889. At the outbreak of the Spanish War he was
made a major-general of volunteers, May 28, 1898,
and served until honorably discharged, April 15,
1899. He was a member of the commission ap
pointed by President McKinley to arrange for the
evacuation of Cuba by the Spaniards. General
Butler died at Columbus, S. C., April 14, 1909.

MAJOR-GENERAL WILLIAM MAHONE was born
at Monroe, Southampton County, Virginia, De
cember 1, 1826. Graduating from the Virginia
Military Institute in 1847, he followed the profes-

[284]

John Bratton Led a Brigade in Long- Thomas M. Logan Led a Cavalry Nathan G. Evans, Commander of
street's Corps. Brigade in Lee's Army. District on the Atlantic- Coast.

CONFEDERATE
GENERALS

No. 17
SOUTH CAROLINA

Martin VV. Gary, Originally Colonel
in Hampton's Legion.

James Connor Commanded a Brigade
in Lee's Armv.

Ellison Capers Led a Brigade in the John D. Kennedy Led a Brigade in John S. Preston. Chief of the Bureau
Armv of Tennessee. Longstreet's Corps. of Conscription.

sion of civil engineering until the outbreak of the
Civil War, when he entered the Confederate Array.
He participated in the capture of the Norfolk
Navy Yard by the Virginia volunteers, raised and
commanded the Sixth Virginia regiment and on
November 16, 1861, he was appointed brigadier-
general in the Confederate Army in March, 1864.
In the battle of Seven Pines, General Mahone com
manded a brigade in Huger's Division, while at
Malvern Hill also his troops were engaged. Gen
eral Mahone also fought in the Chancellorsvillc and
Gettysburg campaigns, as well as in the Wilder
ness. At the North Anna on May 24th, General
Mahone made a desperate attack on Warren's
Corps, driving it back. On August 3, 1864, Gen

eral Mahone was promoted to be major-general.
He was active in the brilliant repulse of the Fed
eral attack after the explosion of the mine at
Petersburg and in the various operations about
the Weldon Railroad. General Mahone was pres
ent at the last struggles of the war, and was
paroled at Appomattox Court House, April 9,
1865. After the war he was made president
of the Norfolk and Tennessee Railroad and be
came a leading figure in Virginia politics, being
elected to the United States Senate in 1880, where
he acted with the Republican party. He failed
of re-election on the expiration of his term in
1887, and died at Washington, 1). C., October
9, 1893.

[ 286 ]

VIII

THE ORGANIZATIONS

OF THE
VETERANS

THE GERM OF THE "G. A. R." IDEA

William W. Silkworth, of Long Branch, New Jersey, a veteran who had an opportunity to inspect some of the pictures reproduced
in the PHOTOGRAPHIC HISTORY, recognized this group as Company B, 170th Regiment, New York Volunteers. "You cannot appreciate
or understand fully my amazement and joy in the discovery," he wrote to the editors. "There right in the front of the picture sits my
brother playing cards (You will note that he is left handed. We laid him away in front of Petersburg). With him is John Vandewater,
Geo. Thomas and Wash. Keating. There is Charlie Thomas and all the rest as true as life. With the exception of two, I have not seen
any of the boys for thirty years." It was at such moments as this, when the Federal soldiers played games and chatted and became
1288]

UNION RESERVES ON PICKET DUTY

acquainted, that the organization was being evolved which has grown into a leading national institution since its formation at Decatur,
llinois, on April 6, 1866. Between the men who had fought and marched and suffered together, who time out of mind had shared
heir last crust and saved each others' lives, who had nursed each other and cheered each other on when another step forward seemed to
lean certain death, there arose a great love that extended to the widows and orphans of those whose dying words they had heard on the
ield of battle. Ever since that time the organization has lent assistance to those reduced to need by the inexorable war. It admits to
aembership any soldier or sailor of the United States Army, Navy or Marine Corps, who served between April 12. 1861, and April 9. 18fi">.

(Srmtii Armjj nf tlj?

BY JOHN E. GILMAN, COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF, GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC

AT the close of the Civil War, there were over
a million men in the Union armies. Nearly
two and a half million had served under the Stars
and Stripes during the four long years of war
fare, of whom three hundred and fifty-nine thou
sand had died. It was essential that those still in
the service should disband and retire to civilian
life. This was effected after a grand parade of
the armies of the Potomac, the Tennessee, and of
Georgia, on May 23 and 24, 1865, when one hun
dred and fifty thousand men marched through the
wide avenues of Washington in review before the
President and the commanding generals. From
the glare and glory, the power and prestige of
the soldier's career, they went into the obscurity of
the peaceful pursuits of American citizenship, and
in a few short months the vast armies of the United
States had disappeared.

The great war was ended, but it would have
been strange indeed if the memories of those years
of storm and stress, the sacrifices of those who
had fallen, the experiences of the march, the battle
field, and the camp, and the needs of their disabled
comrades, and of the widows and the orphans had
been forgotten.

Even before the war had ended, organizations
of veterans of the Union armies had begun to be
formed. The first veteran society formed, The
Third Army Corps Union, was organized at the
headquarters of General D. B. Birncy, commander
of the Third Army Corps, at a meeting of the
officers of the corps, September 2, 1863. The
main object, at that time, was to secure funds for
embalming and sending home for burial the bodies
of officers killed in battle or dying in hospitals at
the front. General D. A. Sickles was its first
president.

In April, 1865, the Society of the Army of the
Tennessee was formed at Raleigh, North Carolina,
membership being restricted to officers who had
served with the old Army of the Tennessee. The
object was declared to be " to keep alive that
kindly and cordial feeling which has been one of
the characteristics of this army during its career
in the service." General Sherman was elected
president in 1869, and continued to hold the office
for many years.

After the war, many other veteran societies

were formed, composed not only of officers but of
enlisted men of the various armies, corps, and regi
ments, as well as many naval organizations.
Among them, the Military Order of the Loyal Le
gion of the United States was the first society
formed by officers honorably discharged from the
service. It was first thought of at a meeting of a
group of officers who had met the day after the
assassination of President Lincoln for the purpose
of passing resolutions on his death. These reso
lutions were subsequently adopted, and it was de
termined to effect a permanent organization. This
was done May 3, 1865, and a constitution and
by-laws were, in part, adopted the same month.
The titles of officers, the constitution, and general
plan, were, in part, afterward adopted by the
Grand Army of the Republic. The essential dif
ference was that first-class membership of the
Loyal Legion was restricted to officers.

Besides the foregoing organizations of veterans,
there were others formed of a political nature,
such as the Boys in Blue and other similar socie
ties, and there were held in September, 1866, two
political conventions of veterans of the army and
navy. These political soldiers' clubs were the re
sult of the times, for the controversy between Con
gress and President Johnson was at its height. In
the East, after the fall elections of 1866, most of
these political clubs of veterans were ready to dis
band. The desire for a permanent organization
of veterans became strong. No post of the Grand
Army had been organized east of Ohio prior to
October, 1866. Posts were started, and inasmuch
as eligibility to membership in the Grand Army
was possessed by those who composed the member
ship of these political clubs, the Boys in Blue and
similar clubs formed, in many places, the nucleus
of the Grand Army posts.

This fact gave, in good part, a political tinge
to the Grand Army during the first year or two
of its existence, and to it was due, chiefly, the
severe losses in membership that the order sus
tained for a short period. But, eventually, the po
litical character was wholly eradicated, and the
order recovered its standing and its losses.

During the winter of 1865—66, Major B. F.
Stcphcnson, surgeon of the Fourteenth Illinois
regiment, discussed with friends the matter of the

[290]

Galusha Pennypacker, Colo- Joshua T. Owens, Colonel James A. Ik-aver, Colonel Isaac J. Wistar, Originally
nel of the 97th Regiment. of the 69th Regiment. of the 148th Regiment. Colonel of the 71st Reg't.

FEDERAL GENERALS

No. 23
PENNSYLVANIA

Joshua K. Sigfried, Originally Colo
nel of the 48th Regiment.

David H.Williams, Originally Colo
nel of the 82d Infantry.

John B. Mclntosh, Origi
nally Colonel of the 3d
Cavalry.

Frederick S. Stumbaugh, Thomas J. McKean Led Montgomery C. Meigs,
Originally Colonel of a Division at Quartermaster-General

the 2d Infantry. Corinth. of the Army.'

[D-19]

(Srattfc Army 0f tty

formation of an organization of veteran soldiers.
He had, previously, while the war was still con
tinuing, talked over the formation of such an or
ganization with his tent-mate, Chaplain William J.
Rutledge of the same regiment, and both had
agreed to undertake the work of starting such a
project after the war was ended, if they survived.

At the national encampment in St. Louis, in
1887, it was stated by Fred. J.Dcan, of Fort Scott,
Arkansas, that in February, 1866, he, with Doctors
Hamilton and George H. Allen, assisted Doctor
Stephenson in compiling ritualistic work, constitu
tion, and by-laws at Springfield, Illinois, and these
four assumed the obligations of the Grand Army
of the Republic at that time. It is conceded that
the initiatory steps to constitute the order were
taken in Illinois, and Doctor Stephenson's name
is the first one connected with the systematic or
ganization of the Grand Army. He and his co-
workers were obligated in the work. Several other
veterans joined with them, and a ritual was
prepared.

The question of printing this ritual occasioned
some anxiety on account of the desire to keep it
secret, but this difficulty was solved by having it
printed at the office of the Decatur (Illinois)
Tribune, the proprietor of which, together Avith
his compositors, were veterans. They were ac
cordingly obligated, and the ritual was printed by
them. Captain John S. Phclps, one of the active
associates of Doctor Stephenson, who had gone
to Decatur to supervise the work of printing the
ritual, had met several of his comrades of the
Forty-first Illinois and had sought their coopera
tion. One of them, Doctor J. W. Routh, who
was acquainted with Doctor Stephenson, went to
Springfield to consult the latter about organiz
ing, and, with Captain M. F. Kanan, called upon
Doctor Stephenson. They returned to Decatur to
organize a post there, and at once set to work and
secured a sufficient number of signatures to an
application for a charter. They returned to
Springfield to present the application in person.
On April 6, 1866, Doctor Stephenson issued the
charter, signing it as department commander of
Illinois, thus creating the first post of the Grand
Army of the Republic. The ritual was revised and
a constitution written by a committee from this
post, at the suggestion of Doctor Stephenson. The
committee reported that the regulations and ritual
had been presented to department headquarters
and accepted. The plan of organization consisted
of post, district, department, and national organ
izations, to be known as the Grand Army of the
Republic.

The declaration of principles in the constitution
written by Adjutant-General Robert M. Woods
set forth that the soldiers of the volunteer army o
the United States, during the war of 1861-65, act
uated by patriotism and combined in fellowship
felt called upon to declare those principles am
rules which should guide the patriotic freeman am
Christian citizen, and to agree upon plans an<
laws which should govern them in a united am
systematic working method to effect the preserva
tion of the grand results of the war. These re
sults included the preservation of fraternal feel
ings, the making of these ties advantageous t(
those in need of assistance, the providing for tin
support, care, and education of soldiers' orphans
and maintenance of their widows, the protectioi
and assistance of disabled soldiers, and the " estab
lishment and defense of the late soldiery of tin
United States, morally, socially, and politically
with a view to inculcate a proper appreciation ol
their services to the country, and to a recognitior
of such services and claims by the Americar
people."

To this last section, the national encampment ir
Philadelphia, in 1868, added, " But this associa
tion does not design to make nominations for office
or to use its influence as a secret organization for
partisan purposes." The word " sailors " was
added by the Indianapolis encampment. In May,
1869, the present form of rules and regulations
was adopted.

Post Xo. 2 of the Department of Illinois was
organized at Springfield, as stated by General
Webber, in April, 1866.

In 1865, in Indiana, correspondence relating
to the continuance of the Army Club, a society of
veterans, had come to the hands of Governor Oli
ver P. Morton, of Indiana. He sent General R. S.
Foster, of Indianapolis, to Springfield, to examine
into Doctor Stephenson's plan of organization.
General Foster met the latter, and was obligated
by him. On his return, he obligated a number of
his intimate comrades, and these he constituted as
a department organization. The first post of this
department was organized at Indianapolis, on the
22d of August, 1866.

Doctor Stephenson had issued, as department
commander, General Orders No. 1, on April 1,
1866, at Springfield, in which he announced the
following officers : General Jules C. Webber, aider
de-camp and chief of staff; Major Robert M.
Woods, adjutant-general; Colonel John M. Sny-
der, quartermaster-general ; Captain John S.
Phclps, aide-de-camp, and Captain John A. Light-
foot, assistant adjutant-general, on duty at the de-

[292]

Thomas R. Rowley, Originally Colo
nel of the 102d Regiment.

FEDERAL GENERALS
No. 24

Charles T. Campbell, Originally

( 'olonel of the 1st Regiment

of Artillerv.

James Xagle, Origin;! lly Colonel of
the 48th Regiment.

PENNSYLVANIA

(CONTINUED)

Alexander Sehimmelpfennig, Originally
Colonel of the 14th Infantry.

George A. MeCall, Commander of the

Pennsylvania Reserves in

the Seven Days.

Albert L. Lee Led a Cavalry

Column in the Red River

Campaign.

Joshua B. Howell, Originally

Colonel of the 85th

Regiment.

(&rattfc Army of tfye Sepubltr

partment licadquartcrs. On June 26, 1866, a call
had been issued for a convention, to be held at
Springfield, Illinois, July 12, 1866. The conven
tion was held on this date and the Department of
Illinois organized, General John M. Palmer being
elected department commander. Doctor Stephen-
son was recognized, however, in the adoption of a
resolution which proclaimed him as " the head and
front of the organization." He continued to act as
commander-in-chief.

In October, 1866, departments had been formed
in Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana, Iowra, and Minne
sota, and posts had been organized in Ohio, Mis
souri, Kentucky, Arkansas, District of Columbia,
Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania. On
October 31, 1866, Doctor Stephenson issued Gen
eral Orders No. 13, directing a national conven
tion to be held at Indianapolis, November 20, 1866,
signing this order as commander-in-chief. In ac
cordance with this order, the First National En
campment of the Grand Army of the Republic
convened at Indianapolis on the date appointed,
and was called to order by Commander-in-Chief
Stephenson. A committee on permanent organi
zation was appointed and its report nominating
the officers of the convention was adopted, and
General John M. Palmer became the presiding
officer of the convention. The committee on con
stitution submitted a revised form of the consti
tution which, with a few amendments, was adopted.
Resolutions were adopted calling the attention of
Congress to the laws in regard to bounties, recom
mending the passage of a law making it obligatory
for every citizen to give actual service when called
upon in time of war, instead of providing a substi
tute, and suggesting, for the consideration of those
in authority, the bestowal of positions of honor and
profit upon worthy and competent soldiers and sail
ors. General S. A. Hurlbut, of Illinois, was elected
commander-in-chicf and Doctor Stephenson, adju
tant-general.

The national organization of the Grand Army
of the Republic was thus fairly started. The
Second National Encampment was held at Phila
delphia, January 15, 16, and 17, 1868, when
General John A. Logan was elected commander-
in-chief. At the Third National Encampment at
Cincinnati, May 12 and 13, 1869, General Logan
was reelected commander-in-chicf. It appears
from Adjutant-General Chipman's report at this
encampment that, at the Philadelphia encamp
ment in 1868, there were represented twenty-one
departments, which claimed a total membership of
over two hundred thousand. But there had been
very few records kept, either in departments or at

national headquarters, and there seems to have
been very little communication between posts and
headquarters. At the Cincinnati encampment, the
adjutant-general reported that the aggregate num
ber of departments was thirty-seven, and that the
number of posts, reported and estimated, was 2050.
At the encampment at Cincinnati, in 1869, the
grade system of membership was adopted, estab
lishing three grades of recruit, soldier, and vet
eran. This system met with serious opposition and
was finally abandoned at the encampment at Bos
ton, in 1871. It was claimed that to this system
much of the great falling-off in membership was
due. It is a fact that, at this period, there had
been a large decrease in the numbers in the order,
particularly in the West. But the cause of this
may be laid to a variety of reasons. The order,
at first, seems to have had a rapid growth. Be
cause of the incompleteness of the records, it is im
possible even to estimate what the strength of the
membership in those early days was. But the real
solidity of the order was not established until some
years had passed.

On May 5, 1868, Commander-in-Chicf Logan,
by General Orders No. 11, had assigned May 30,
1868, as a memorial day which was to be devoted
to the strewing of flowers on the graves of deceased
comrades who had died in the defense of their
country during the Civil War. The idea of Me
morial Day had been suggested to Adjutant-Gen
eral Chipman in a letter from some comrade then
living in Cincinnati, whose name has been lost. At
the encampment at Washington, in 1870, Memo
rial Day was established by an amendment to the
rules and regulations. It has been made a holiday
in many of the States, and is now observed through
out the country, not only by the Grand Army but
by the people generally, for the decoration of the
graves of the soldiers.

The first badge of the order was adopted in
1866. A change was made in October, 1868, in its
design, and a further change in October, 1869. At
the national encampment of 1873, the badge was
adopted which is substantially the one that exists
to-day, a few minor changes being made in 1886.
It is now made from captured cannon purchased
from the Government. The bron/e button worn
on the lapel of the coat was adopted in 1884.

The matter of pensions has, in the nature of
things, occupied much of the time of the Grand
Army encampments, both national and depart
mental. The order has kept careful watch over
pension legislation ; its recommendations have
been conservative, and of late years have been
adopted by Congress to a very great extent. Aid

[294]

William A. Quark's, Wounded in George G. Dibrell, Leader of Cavalry Alfred E. Jackson Commanded a
Hood's Charge at Franklin. Opposing Sherman's March. District of East Tennessee.

George Maney, Active Organizer and
Leader of Tennessee.

CONFEDERATE
GENERALS

No. 18
TENNESSEE

Bushrod R. Johnson, Conspicuous
in the West and in the East.

John P. McCown; At Belmont, in 1861. John C. Brown Led a Division in the William H Jackson Led a Brigade
Later Led a Division. Army of Tennessee. of Forrest s Cavalry.

United (Enttfrtorat?

has been given to veterans and widows entitled to

Charles Devens,

Massachusetts,

1873-74

pensions, by cooperation with the Pension Office in

John F. Hartranft,

Pennsylvania,

1875-76

obtaining and furnishing information for the
adjudication of claims.
The Grand Army lias been assisted in carrying
out its purposes by its allied orders, the Woman's

John C. Robinson,
William Earnshaw,
Louis Wagner.
George S. Merrill.
Paul Van Dervoort,

Xew York.
Ohio,
Pennsylvania,
Massachusetts,
Nebraska,

1877-78
1879
1880
1881
1882

Relief Corps, the Sons of Veterans, the Daughters

Robert B. Beath,

Pennsylvania,

1883

of Veterans, and the Ladies of the G. A. R. These

John S. Kountz,

Ohio,

1884

organizations have adopted the principles and pur

S. S. Burdett,

Dist. of Columbia,

1885

poses that have actuated the Grand Army and have

Lucius Fairchild,

Wisconsin.

1886

given much valued aid in the achievement of the

John P. Rea,

Minnesota,

1887

results obtained.

William Warner,

Missouri,

1888

The Grand Army of the Republic before the end

Russell A. Alger,

Michigan,

1889

•/

of the nineteenth century had passed the zenith of
its career. Its membership remained about the same

Wheelock G. Veazey,
John Palmer,
A. G. Wcisscrt,

Vermont,
Xew York.
\\ iseonsin

1890
1891

1 80^

in numbers after its first great leap and subsequent

John G. B. Adams.

Massachusetts,

i <j~j~
1893

subsidence, varying between 25,000 and 50,000

Thomas G. Lawler,

Illinois,

1894

from 1870 to 1880. During the decade between

Ivan N. Walker,

Indiana,

1 895

1880 and 1890 it rose to its highest number of 409,-

T. S. Clarkson,

Xehraska,

1 896

489. Since then it has decreased, through death,

John P. S. Gobin,

Pennsylvania,

1897

in very great part, until, at the national encamp

James A. Sexton,

Illinois,

1898

ment of 1910, at Atlantic City, it had diminished

W. C. Johnson,

Ohio,

1899

to 213,901. Its posts exist throughout the length
and breadth of the country, and even outside, and

Albert D. Shaw,
Leo Rassieur,

Xew York,
Missouri,

1 899
1900

nearly every State has a department organization.

Ell Torrence,
Thomas J. Stewart,

Minnesota,
Pennsylvania,

1901
1902

Its influence is felt in every city, town, and vil

John C. Black,

Illinois,

1903

lage, and it has earned the good-will and support.

Wilmon W. Blackmar,

Massachusetts,

1904

of the entire American people. Among its leaders

John R. King,

Maryland,

1901

have been some of the most prominent men of the

James Tanner,

Dist. of Columbia,

1905

country. Its commanders-in-chicf have been :

Robert B. Brown,

Ohio,

1906

Charles G. Burton.

Missouri.

1907

B. F. Steplienson, Illinois, 1866

Henry M. Nevius,

Xew Jersey,

1908

S. A. Hurlbut. Illinois, 1 866-67

Samuel R. Van Sant.

Minnesota.

1909

John A. Logan, Illinois, 1868-70

John E. Gilman,

Massachusetts,

1910

Ambrose E. Burnside, Rhode Island, 1871-72

Hiram M. Trimble,

Illinois,

1911

BY S. A. CUNNINGHAM, LATE SERGEANT-MAJOR, CONFEDERATE STATES ARMY,
AND FOUNDER AND EDITOR OF "THE CONFEDERATE VETERAN"

THE organization known as the United Con
federate Veterans was formed in New Or
leans, June 10, 1889. The inception of the idea
for a large and united association is credited to
Colonel J. F. Shipp, a gallant Confederate, com
mander of N. B. Forrest Camp, of Chattanooga,
Tennessee — the third organized — who was in suc
cessful business for years with a Union veteran.
Colonel Shipp had gone to New Orleans in the in
terest of the Chattanooga and Chickamauga Mili

tary Park, and there proposed a general organi
zation of Confederates on the order of the Grand
Army of the Republic, his idea being to bring into
a general association the State organizations, one
of which in Virginia, and another in Tennessee,
had already been organized.

Following these suggestions, a circular was sent
out from New Orleans in regard to the proposed
organization, and the first meeting was held in
that city on June 10, 1889, the organization being

[2961

ROBERT V. RICHARDSON

Commanded a Tennessee
Brigade.

SAMUEL II. ANDERSON*

Commander of a Tennessee

Brigade.

BENJAMIN J. HILL

Provost-Marshal-General Army

of Tennessee.

JAMES A. SMITH

Led a Brigade in Cleburne's

Division.

THOMAS B. SMITH

Led a Brigade in the Army of

Tennessee.

ROBERT C. TYLER

Commander of the Garrison at Wes1

Point, Georgia.

WILLIAM Y. C. HUMES
Commanded a Division of Wheeler
Cavalrv.

CONFEDERATE
GENERALS

No. 19
TENNESSEE

ALEXANDER W. C AMPBELL
Lrd a Brigade of Forrest's Cavalrj

Lucius M. WALKER
Lod a Calvary Brigade in the Army of the West

Hnifrfo flUmfrtorate

perfected under the name of United Confederate
Veterans, with F. S. Washington, of New Orleans,
as president, and J. A. Chalaron, secretary. A
constitution was adopted, and Lieutenant-General
John B. Gordon, of Georgia, was elected gen
eral and commander-in-chief. At this meeting
there were representatives from the different Con
federate organizations already in existence in
the States of Louisiana, Mississippi and Ten

nessee.

While giving Colonel Shipp credit for suggest
ing the general organization of the United Con
federate Veterans, the important part played by
the Louisiana camps in furthering the association
must be emphasized. The previously existing or
ganizations became the first numbers in the larger
association. The Army of Northern Virginia, of
New Orleans, became Camp No. 1 ; Army of Ten
nessee, New Orleans, No. 2 ; and LcRoy Stafford
Camp, Shreveport, No. 3. The N. B. Forrest
Camp, of Chattanooga, Tennessee, became No. 4 ;
while Fred. Ault Camp, of Knoxville, is No. 5.
There are other camps, not among the first in the
list, which are among the most prominent in the
organization. For instance, Tennessee had an
organization of bivouacs, the first and largest of
which was Frank Cheatham, No. 1, of Nashville,
but which is Camp No. 35, U. C. V. Then, Rich
mond, Virginia, had its R. E. Lee Camp, which
has ever been of the most prominent, and was the
leader in a great soldiers' home movement. In the
U. C. V. camp-list, the R. E. Lee, of Richmond, is
No. 181. The camps increased to a maximum of
more than fifteen hundred, but with the passage of
years many have ceased to be active.

While the organization was perfected in New
Orleans, the first reunion of United Confederate
Veterans was held in Chattanooga, Tennessee,
July 3 to 5, 1890. To this reunion invitations
were extended " to veterans of both armies and to
citizens of the Republic," and the dates purposely
included Independence Day.

The first comment both in the North and South
was, " Why keep up the strife or the memory of
it? " but it was realized that such utterances were
from those who did not comprehend the scope of
the organization of United Confederate Veterans,
which, from the very outset, was clear in the minds
of its founders. It was created on high lines,
and its first commander was the gallant soldier,
General John B. Gordon, at the time governor of
Georgia, and later was United States senator.
General Gordon was continued as commander-in-
chief until his death.

The nature and object of the organization can

not be explained better than by quoting from its
constitution.

The first article declares :

" The object and purpose of this organization
will be strictly social, literary, historical, and be
nevolent. It will endeavor to unite in a general
federation all associations of the Confederate vet
erans, soldiers and sailors, now in existence or
hereafter to be formed ; to gather authentic data
for an impartial history of the War between the
States ; to preserve the relics or memories of the
same ; to cherish the ties of friendship that exist
among the men who have shared common dangers,
common suffering and privations ; to care for the
disabled and extend a helping hand to the needy ;
to protect the widow and orphan, and to make and
preserve the record of the services of every mem
ber and, as far as possible, of those of our com
rades who have preceded us in eternity."

Likewise, the last article provides that neither
discussion of political or religious subjects nor
any political action shall be permitted in the or
ganization, and that any association violating that
provision shall forfeit its membership.

The notes thus struck in the constitution of the
United Confederate Veterans were reechoed in the
opening speech of the first commander-in-chief.
General Gordon, addressing the Veterans and tin-
public, said:

" Comrades, no argument is needed to secure for
those objects your enthusiastic endorsement. They
have burdened your thoughts for many years.
You have cherished them in sorrow, poverty, and
humiliation. In the face of misconstruction, you
have held them in your hearts with the strength of
religious convictions. No mis judgments can de
feat your peaceful purposes for the future. Your
aspirations have been lifted by the mere force and
urgency of surrounding conditions to a plane far
above the paltry consideration of partisan tri
umphs. The honor of the American Government,
the just powers of the Federal Government, the
equal rights of States, the integrity of the Consti
tutional Union, the sanctions of law, and the en
forcement of order have no class of defenders more
true and devoted than the ex-soldiers of the South
and their worthy descendants. But you realize the
great truth that a people without the memories of
heroic suffering or sacrifice are a people without
a history.

" To cherish such memories and recall such a
past, whether crowned with success or consecrated
in defeat, is to idealize principle and strengthen
character, intensify love of country, and convert
defeat and disaster into pillars of support for

[298]

William H. Carroll

Led a Brigade in

East Tennessee.

John C. Carter, Orig
inally Colonel of the
38th Regiment.

John C.Vaughen, Com
mander of a Cav
alry Brigade.

Gideon D. Pillow, Opponent of Grant
in Grant's First Battle — Belmont.

CONFEDERATE GENERALS

George W. Gordon
Led a Brigade in
Army of Tennessee.

Alfred J. Vaughn Led
a Brigade in Gen
eral Folk's Corps.

Henry B. Davidson
Led a Brigade of
Wheeler's Cavalry.

No. 20— TENNESSEE

Tyree H. Bell Led a Cavalry Com- William McComb Ixxl a Brigade
mand under Forrest. in R. E. Lee's Army.

Joseph B. Palmer Ix>d a Brigade in
General Folk's Corps.

United Ohmfrtoratr

future manhood and noble womanhood. Whether
the Southern people, under their changed condi
tions, may ever hope to witness another civilization
which shall equal that which began with their
Washington and ended with their Lee, it is cer
tainly true that devotion to their glorious past is
not only the surest guarantee of future progress
and the holiest bond of unity, but is also the strong
est claim they can present to the confidence and
respect of the other sections of the Union."

Referring to the new organization, General Gor
don said:

" It is political in no sense, except so far as the
word ' political ' is a synonym of the word ' patri
otic.' It is a brotherhood over which the genius
of philanthropy and patriotism, of truth and jus
tice will preside ; of philanthropy, because it will
succor the disabled, help the needy, strengthen the
weak, and cheer the disconsolate; of patriotism,
because it will cherish the past glories of the dead
Confederacy and transmute them into living inspi
rations for future service to the living Republic ;
of truth, because it will seek to gather and pre
serve, as witnesses for history, the unimpeachable
facts which shall doom falsehood to die that truth
may live; of justice, because it will cultivate na
tional as well as Southern fraternity, and will
condemn narrow-mindedness and prejudice and
passion, and cultivate that broader and higher and
nobler sentiment which would write on the grave
of every soldier who fell on our side, ' Here lies an
American hero, a martyr to the right as his con
science conceived it.' '

The reunions, thus happily inaugurated, became
at once popular and have been held every year
except the first appointment at Birmingham, Ala
bama, which was postponed from 1893 to 1894.
No event in the South is comparable in widespread
interest to these reunions. Only the large cities
have been able to entertain the visitors, which range
in number between fifty thousand and one hundred
thousand.

The greatest of all gatherings was at Richmond,
Virginia, June 30, 1907, when the superb monu
ment to the only President of the Confederacy was
unveiled. There were probably a hundred thou
sand people at the dedication. An idea of the
magnitude of these reunion conventions and the
interest in them may be had by reference to that
held in Little Rock, Arkansas, in May, 1911, a
city of a little more than thirty thousand inhab
itants, wherein over a hundred thousand visitors
were entertained during the three days.

No finer evidences of genuine patriotism can be
found than in the proceedings of these conven

tions. In fact, there are no more faithful patriots.
The Gray line of 1911 is not yet so thin as the
press contributions make it. True, the veterans
are growing feeble, but the joy of meeting com
rades with whom they served in camp and battle
for four years — many of whom had not seen one
another in the interim — is insuppressible. It is
not given to men in this life to become more at
tached to each other than arc the Confederates.
They had no pay-roll to look to, and often but
scant rations, which they divided unstintedly. And
their defeat increased their mutual sympathy.

Yet, on the other hand, there is a just apprecia
tion of their adversaries. The great body of Con
federate veterans esteem the men who fought them,
far above the politician. They look confidently to
the better class of Union veterans to cooperate
with them in maintaining a truthful history.
Maybe the time will come when the remnant of the
soldiers, North and South, will confer together for
the good of the country.

The Confederates have not pursued the excellent
method of rotation in office in their organization,
as have the Grand Army comrades. General John
B. Gordon sought to retire repeatedly, but his
comrades would not consent. At his death Gen
eral Stephen D. Lee, next in rank, became com-
mander-in-chief. It was a difficult place to fill,
for there never was a more capable and charming
man in any place than was General Gordon as
commander-in-chief. However, General Lee was
so loyal, so just, and so zealous a Christian that
he grew rapidly in favor, and at his death there
was widespread sorrow. He was succeeded by
General Clement A. Evans, of Georgia, who pos
sessed the same high qualities of Christian man
hood, and he would have been continued through
life, as were his predecessors, but a severe illness,
which affected his throat, made a substitute neces
sary, so he and General W. L. Cabell, commander
of the Trans-Mississippi Department from the be
ginning—their rank being about equal — were made
honorary commanders-in-chief for life, and Gen
eral George W. Gordon, a member of Congress
from Tennessee, was chosen as active commander-
in-chief in 1910. Generals Gordon, Cabell, and
Evans died in 1911. Each had a military funeral
in which U. S. Army officials took part.

Within a score of years there had developed a
close and cordial cooperation between the veterans
and such representative Southern organizations
as the Confederated Southern Memorial Associa
tion, the United Sons of Confederate Veterans, and
the LTnitcd Daughters of the Confederacy. All are
devoted to the highest patriotic ideals.

[300]

IX

ROSTER

OF
GENERAL OFFICERS

BOTH UNION
AND CONFEDERATE

THE GENERAL-IN-CHIEF OF THE ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES A
PICTURE OF GRANT WITH HIS FAVORITE CHARGER "CINCINNATI"
TAKEN AT COLD HARBOR ON JUNE 4, 1864, IN THE MIDST OF THE
"HAMMERING POLICY" THAT IN TEN MONTHS TERMINATED THE WAR

GDffirers nf % Intnn Army

This roster includes in alphabetical order under the various grades the names of all general officers either
of full rank or by brevet in the United States (Regular) Army and in the United States Volunteers during the
Civil War. The highest rank attained; whether full or by brevet, only is given, in order to avoid duplications. It
is, of course, understood that in most cases the actual rank next below that conferred by brevet was held either in
the United States Army or the Volunteers. In some cases for distinguished gallantry or marked efficiency brevet
rank higher than the next grade above was given. The date is that of the appointment.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL

UNITED STATES ARMY

(Full Rank)
Grant, Ulysses S., Mar. 2, '64.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL

UNITED STATES ARMY

(By Brevet)
Scott, Winfield, Mar. 29, '47.

MAJOR-GENERALS

UNITED STATES ARMY
(Full Rank)

Fremont, J. C., May 14, '61.
Halleck, H. W., Aug. 19, '61.
Hancock, Winfield, July 26, '66.
McClellan, G. B., May 14, '61.
Meade, G. G., Aug. 18, '64.
Sheridan, P. H., Nov. 8, '64.
Sherman, Wm. T., Aug. 12, '64.
Thomas, Geo. H., Dec. 15, '64.
Wool, John E., May 16, '62.

MAJOR-GENERALS

UNITED STATES ARMY
(By Brevet)

Allen, Robert, Mar. 13, '65.
Ames, Adelbert, Mar. 13, '65.
Anderson, Robert, Feb. 3, '65.
Arnold, Richard, Mar. 13, '65.
Augur, Chris. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Averell, Wm. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Ayres, R. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Baird, Absalom, Mar. 13, '65.
Barnard, John G., Mar. 13, '65.
Barnes, Joseph K., Mar. 13, '65.
Barry, Wm. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Beckwith, Amos, Mar. 13, '65.
Benham, H. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Brannan, J. M., Mar. 13, '65.
Brice, Benj. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Brown, Harvey, Aug. 2, '66.
Buchanan, R. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Butterfield, D., Mar. 13, '65.
Canby, Ed. S. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Carleton, J. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Carlin, Wm. P., Mar. 13, '65.
Carr, Eugene A., Mar. 13, '6.5.
Carroll, Sam. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Casey, Silas, Mar. 13, '65.

Clarke, Henry F., Mar. 13, '65.
Cook, P. St. G., Mar. 13, '65.
Cram, Thomas J., Jan 13, '66.
Crawford, S. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Crook, George, Mar. 13, '65.
Crossman, G. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Culluin, Geo. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Custer, Geo. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Davidson, J. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Davis. Jef. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Delafield, Rich., Mar. 13, '65.
Donaldson, J. L., Mar. 13, '65.
Doubleday, A., Mar. 13, '65.
Dyer, Alex. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Easton, L. E., Mar. 13, '65.
Eaton, Amos B., Mar. 13, '65.
Elliott, W. L., Nov. 13, '65.
Emory, Wm. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Fessenden, F., Mar. 13, '65.
Foster, John G.. Mar. 13, '65.
Franklin, Wm. B., Mar. 13, '65.
French, Wm. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Fry, James B., Mar. 13, '65.
Garrard, Kenner, Mar. 13, '65.
Getty, Geo. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Gibbon, John, Mar. 13, '65.
Gibbs, Alfred, Mar. 13, '65.
Gibson, Geo., May 30, '48.
Gillem, Alvan G./April 12, '65.
Gilmore, Q. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Granger, Gordon, Mar. 13, '65.
Granger, Robt. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Grierson, B. H., Mar. 2, '67.
Griffin, Charles, Mar. 13, '65.
Grover, Cuvier, Mar. 13, '65.
Hardie, James A., Mar. 13, '65.
Harnev, \Vm. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Hartsuff, G. L., Mar. 13, '65
Hatch, Edward, Mar. 2, '67.
Hawkins, J. P., Mar. 13, '65.
Hazen, Wm. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Heintzelman, S. P., Mar. 13,

'65.

Hoffman, Wm. Mar. 13, '65.
Holt, Joseph, Mar. 13, '65.
Hooker, Joseph, Mar. 13, '65.
Howard, O. O., Mar. 13, '65.
Howe, A. P., Mar. 13, '65.
Humphreys, A. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Hunt, Henry J., Mar. 13, '65.
Hunter, David, Mar. 13, '65.
Ingalls, Rufus, Mar. 13, '65.
Johnson, R. W.. Mar. 13, '65.
Kautz, August V., Mar. 13, '65.
Ketchum, Wm. S., Mar. 13, '65.

Kilpatrick, Judson, Mar. 13,

'65.

King, John H., Mar. 13, '65.
Long, Eli, Mar. 13, '65.
McCook, A. McD., Mar. 13,

'65.

McDowell, Irvin, Mar. 13/65.
Mclntosh, John B., Aug. 5, '62.
Marcy, R. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Meigs, Mont. C., July 5, '64.
Merritt, Wesley, Mar. 13, '65.
Miles, Nelson A., Mar. 2, '67.
Morris, Wm. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Mower, J. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Newton, John, Mar. 13, '65.
Nichols, Wm. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Ord, Ed. O. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Parke, John G., Mar. 13, '65.
Pennypacker, G., Mar. 2, '67.
Pleasonton, A., Mar. 13, '65.
Pope, John, Mar. 13, '65.
Ramsey, Geo. D., Mar. 13, '65.
Rawlins, John A., April 9, '65.
Reynolds, J. J., Mar. 2, '67.
Ricketts, J. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Ripley, Jas. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Robinson, J. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Rosecrans, W. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Rousseau, L. H., Mar. 28, '67.
Rucker, D. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Russell, David A., Sept. 19, '64.
Sackett, Delos B., Mar. 13, '65.
Schofield, J. M., Mar. 13, '65.
Schriver, E., Mar. 13, '65.
Seymour, T., Mar. 13, '65.
Sherman, T. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Shiras, Alex., Mar. 13, '65.
Sickles, Daniel E., Mar. 2, '67.
Simpson, M. D. L., Mar. 13,

'65.

Smith, Andrew J., Mar. 13, '65.
Smith, Chas. H., Mar. 21, '67.
Smith, John E., Mar. 2, '67.
Smith, W. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Stanley, David S., Mar. 13, '65.
Steele, Frederick, Mar. 13, '65.
Stoneman, G., Mar. 13, '65.
Sturgis, S. D., Mar. 13, '65.
Sumner, Edwin V., May 6, '64.
Swayne, Wager, Mar. 2, '67.
Swords, Thomas, Mar. 13, '65.
Sykes, George, Mar. 13, '65.
Terry, Alfred H., Mar. 13, '65.
Thomas, Charles, Mar. 13, '65.
Thomas, Lorenzo, Mar. 13, '65.

Torbert, A. T. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Totten, J. G., April 21, '64.
Tower, Z. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Townsend, E. D., Mar. 13, '65.
Turner, J. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Tyler, Robt. O., Mar. 13, '65.
Upton, Emory, Mar. 13. '65.
Van Vliet, S., Mar. 13, '65.
Vinton, D. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Warren, G. K., Mar. 13, '65.
Webb, Alex. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Weitzel, G., Mar. 13, '65.
Wheaton, Frank, Mar. 13, '65.
Whipple, A. W., May 7, '63.
Whipple, Wm. D., Mar. 13, '65.
Willcox, O. B., Mar. 2, '67.
Williams, Seth, Mar. 13, '65.
Wilson, James H., Mar. 13, '65.
Wood, Thos. J., Mar. 13, '65.
Woodbury, D. P., Aug. 15, '64.
Woods, Chas. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Wright, H. G., Mar. 13, '65.

MAJOR-GENERALS

U. S. VOLXTNTEERS

(Full Rank)

Banks, N. P., May 16, '61.
Barlow, F. C., May 25, '65.
Berry, H. G., Nov.' 29, '62.
Birney, David D., May 3, '63.
Blair,' Frank P., Nov. 29, '62.
Blunt. James G., Nov. 29, '62.
Brooks. W. T. H.. June 10, '63.
Buell, Don Carlos, Mar. 21, '62.
Buford, John, July 1, '63.
Buford, N. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Burnside, A. E., Mar. 18, '62.
Butler, Benj. F., May 16, '61.
Cadwalader, G. B., Apr. 25, '62.
Clay, Cassius M., April 11, '62.
Couch, Darius N., July 4, '62.
Cox, Jacob Dolson, Oct. 6, '62.
Crittenden, T. L., July 17, '62.
Curtis, S. R., Nov. 21, '62.
Dana, N. J. T., Nov. 29, '62.
Davies, Henry E., May 4, '65.
Dix, John A., May 16, '61.
Dodge, G. M., June 7, '64.
Doubleday, A., Nov. 29, '62.
Garfield, J. A., Sept. 19, '63.
Hamilton, C. S., Sept, 18, '62.
Hamilton, S., Sept. 17, '62.
Herron, F. J., Nov. 29, '62.
Hitchcock, E. A., Feb. 10, '62.

[302]

Samuel P. Spear, Originally

Colonel of the llth

Cavalrv.

Roy Stone, Commander William A. Nichols, Promoted Israel Vogdes, Promoted
of the " Bucktail for Faithful Services for Gallantry in the

Brigade." in the War. Field.

S. B. M. Young, Originally John R. Brooke, Originally Pennock Huey, Originally Henry J. Madill, Originally
Colonel 4th Cavalry; Later Colonel of the 54th Reg' t, Colonel of the 8th Cavalry, Colonelof the 141st Reg' t,

Commander of the U. S. Army. Army of the Potomac. Army of the Potomac. Noted at Gettysburg.

FEDERAL GENERALS— No. 25— PENNSYLVANIA

Andrew Porter, Commanded Thomas Welsh, Originally Charles F. Smith, Originally Thomas L. Kane, Organizer
a Brigade at First Colonel of the 45th Colonel of the 3d and Leader of ''Kane's

Bull Run. Regiment. Infantry. Bucktails."

Union

Hurlbut, Stephen, Sept. 17, '62.
Kearny, Philip, July 4, '62.
Keyes, Erasmus D., May 5, '02.
Leggett, M. D., Aug. 21, '65.
Logan, John A., Nov. 29, '62.
McClernand, J. A., Mar. 21,

'62.

McPherson, J. B., Oct. 8, '62.
Mansfield, J. K. F., July 18,

'62.

Milroy, Robt. H., Nov. 29, '62.
Mitchell, Ormsby, April 11, '62.
Morell, Geo. W., July 4, '62.
Morgan, E. D., Sept. 28, '61.
Morris, Thos. A., Oct. 25, '62.
Mott, Gersham, May 26, '65.
Mower, Joseph A., Aug. 12, '64.
Negley, James S., Nov. 29, '62.
Nebon, William, July 17, '62.
Oglesby, R. J., Nov. 29, '62.
Osterhaus, P. J., July 23, '64.
Palmer, John M., Nov. 29, '62.
Peck, John J., July 4, '62.
Porter, Fitz John, July 4, '62.
Potter, Rbt. B., Sept. 29, '65.
Prentiss, B. M., Nov. 29, '62.
Reno, Jesse L., July 18, '62.
Reynolds, J. F., Nov. 29, '62.
Reynolds, Jos. J., Nov. 29, '62.
Richardson, I. B., July 4, '62.
Schenck, Robt. C. Aug. 30, '62.
Schurz, Carl, March 14, '63.
Sedgwick, John, July 4, '62.
Sigel, Franz, March 21, '62.
Slocum, Henry W., July 4, '62.
Smith, Chas. F., Mar. 21, '62.
Smith, Giles A., Nov. 24, '65.
Stahel, Julius H., Mar. 14, '63.
Steedman, Jas. B., April 30, '64.
Stevens, Isaac I., July 18, '62.
Strong, Geo. C., July 18, '63.
Wallace, Lewis, March 21, '62.
Wrashburn, C. C., Nov. 29, '62.

MAJOR-GENERALS

U. S. VOLUNTEERS

(By Brevet)

Abbott, Henry L., Mar. 13, '65.
Allen, Robert, Mar. 13, '65.
AIg?r, Russell A., June 11, '65.
Anderson, N. L., Mar. 13, '65.
Andrews, C. C., Mar. 9, '65.
Andrews, G. L., Mar. 26, '65.
Asboth, Al?x., Mar. 13, '65.
Atkins, Smith D., Mar. 13, '65.
Avery, Robert, Mar. 13, '65.
Ayre's, R. B., Aug. 1, '64.
Bailey, Joseph, Mar. 13, '65.
Baker, Benj. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Banning, H. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Barnes, James, Mar. 13, '65.
Barney, Lewis T., Mar. 13, '65.
Barnum, H. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Barry, H. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Bartlett, Jos. J., Aug. 1, '64.
Bartlett, Wm. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Baxter, Henry, April 1, '65.
Beal, Geo. L., Mai. 13, '65.
Beatty, Samuel, Mar. 13, '65.
Belknap, Wm. W1., Mar. 13, '65.
Benton, Wm. P., Mar. 26, '65.
Birge, H. W., Feb. 25, '65.

Birney, Wm., Mar. 13, '65.
Bowen, James, Mar. 13, '65.
Brayman, Mason, Mar. 13, '65.
Brisbin, James, Mar. 13, '65.
Brooke, John R., Aug. 1, '64.
Buckland, R. P., Mar. 13, '64.
Bussey, Cyrus, Mar. 13, '65.
Byrne, James J., Mar. 13, '65.
Caldwell, John C., Aug. 19, '65.
Cameron, R. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Capehart, Henry, June 17, '65.
Carr, Joseph B., Mar. 13, '65.
Carter, Samuel P., Mar. 13, '65.
Catlin, Isaac S., Mar. 13, '65.
Chamberlain, J. L., Mar. 29,

'65.

Chapin, Daniel, Aug. 17, '64.
Chapman, G. H.. Mar. 13, '65.
Chetlain, A. L., June 18, '65.
Chrysler, M. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Clark, Wm. T., Nov. 24, '65.
Comstock, C. B., Nov. 26, '65.
Connor, P. E., Mar. 13, '65.
Cooke, John, Aug. 24, '65.
Cooper, Jos. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Cole, Geo. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Collis, C. H. T., Mar. 13, '65.
Corse, John M., Oct. 5, '64.
Coulter, Richard, April 6, '65.
Crawford, S. W., Aug. 1, '64.
Cross, Nelson, Mar. 13, '65.
Croxton, John T., Apiil 27, '65.
Cruft, Charles, March 5, '65.
Curtis, N. M., Mar. 13, '65.
Cutler, Lys., Aug. 19, '64.
Davies, Thos. A., July 11, '65.
Dennis, Elias S., April 13, '65.
Dennison, A. W., Mar. 31, '65.
De Trobriand, P. R., Apr. 9,

'65.

Devens, Chas., April 3, '65.
Devin, Thos. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Doolittle, C. C., June 13, '65.
Dornblazer, B., Mar. 13, '65.
Duncan, Sam'l A., Mar. 13, '6.5*
Duryee, Abram, Mar. 13, '65.
Duval, Isaac H., Mar. 13, '65.
Edwards, Oliver, April 5, '65.
Egan, Thos. W., Oct. 27. '04.
Ely, John, April 15, '65.
Ewing, Hugh, Mar. 13, 1865.
Ewing, Thos. Jr., Mar. 13, '65.
Ferrero, Edward, Dec. 2, '64.
Ferry, Orris S., May 23, '65.
Fessenden, J. D., Mar. 13, '65.
Fisk, Clinton B., Mar. 13, '65.
Force, M. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Foster, R. S., Mar. 31, '65.
Fuller, John W., Mar. 13, '65.
Geary, John W., Jan. 12, '65.
Gilbert, Jas. J., Mar. 26, '65.
Gbason, John H., Mar. 13, '65.
Gooding, O. P., Mar. 13, '65.
Gordon, Geo. H., April 9, '65.
Graham, C. K., Mar. 13, '65.
Grant, Lewis A., Oct. 19, '64.
Greene, George S., Mar. 13, '65.
Gregg, D. McM., Aug. 1, '64.
Gregg, John I., Mar. 13, '65.
Gregory, E. M., April 9, '66.
Gresham, WT. Q., Mar. 13, '65.
Griffin, S. G., April 2, '65.
Grose, Wm., Aug. 15, '65.

Guss, Henry R., Mar. 13, '65.
Gwyn, James, April 1, '65.
Hamblin, J. E., April 5, '65.
Hamlin, Cyrus, Mar. 13, '65.
Harris, T. *M., April 2, '65.
Hartranft, John F., Mar. 25,

'65.

Hatch, John P., Mar. 13, '65.
Hawley, Jos. R., Sept. 28, '65.
Haves, Joseph, Mar. 13, '65.
Hayes, Ruth. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Hays, Alex., May 5, '65.
Heath, H. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Hill, Chas. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Hinks, Edw. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Hovey, Chas. E., Mar. 13, '65.
Howe, Al. P., July 13, '65.
Jackson, N. J., Mar. 13, '65.
Jackson, R. H., Nov. 24, '65.
Jourdan, Jas., Mar. 13, '65.
Kane, Thos. L., Mar. 13, '65.
Kcifer, J. W., April 9, '65.
Kelly, Benj. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Kenly, John R., Mar. 13, '65.
Ketcham, J. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Kiddoo, Jos. B., Sept. 4, '65.
Kimball, Nathan, Feb. 1, '65.
Kingsman, J. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Lanman, J. G., Mar. 13, '65.
Lawler, M. K., Mar. 13, '65.
Long, Eli, Mar. 13, '65.
Loring, Chas. G., July 17, '65.
Lucas, Thos. J., Mar. 26, '65.
Ludlow, Wm. H., Mar. 13, '65.
McAllister, Rbt., Mar. 13, '65.
McArthur, John, Dec. 15, '04.
McCallum. D. C., Mar. 13, '65.
McCook, E. M., Mar. 13, '65.
McCook, E. S.. Mar. 13, '65.
Mclvor, Jas. I'., Mar. 13, '65.
Mclntosh, J. B., Mar. 13, '65.
McKean, T. J., Mar. 13, '65.
McMahon, M. T., Mar. 13, '65.
McMillan, J. W., Mar. 5, '65.
McMillan, W. L., Mar. 13, '65.
McNeil, John, April 12, '65.
McQuade, Jas., Mar. 13, '65.
Mackenzie, R. S., Mar. 31, '65.
Macy, Geo. A., April 9, '65.
Mad'ill, Henry J., Mar. 13, '65.
Marshall, E. G., Mar. 13. '65.
Martindale, J. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Maynadier, H. E., Mar. 13, '65.
Meredith, Sol., Aug. 14, '65.
Miller, John F., Mar. 13, '65.
Mindil, Geo. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Minty, R. H. G., Mar. 13, "65.
Mitchell, J. G., Mar. 13, '65.
Molineux, E. L.. Mar. 13, '65.
Moore, M. F., Mar. 13, '63.
Morgan, Jas. D., Mar. 19, '65.
Morris. Wm. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Morrow, H. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Mulholland, St. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Neil, Thos. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Nye, Geo. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Oliver, John M., Mar. 13, '65.
Opdyke, Emer., Nov. 30, '64.
Osborn, Thos. O., Apr. 2, '65.
Paine, Chas. J., Jan. 15, '65.
Paine, Hal. E., Mar. 13, '65.
Palmer, I. M., Mar. 13, '65.
Parsons, L. B., Apr. 30, '65.

Patrick, M. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Pearson, A. L., May 1, '65.
Peck, Lewis M., Mar. 13, '65.
Pierce, B. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Pile, Wm. A., April 9. '65.
Plaisted, H. M., Mar. 13, '65.
Potter, Edw. E., Mar. 13, '65.
Potts, B. F., March 13, '65.
Powell, Wm. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Powers, Chas. J., Mar. 13, '65.
Ramsey, John. Mar. 13, '65.
Ransom, T. E. S., Sept. 1, '64.
Rice, Eliot W., Mar. 13, '65.
Runkle, Benj. P., Nov. 9, '65.
Roberts, Benj. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Robinson, J. C., June 27, '64.
Robinson. J. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Root, Adrian R., Mar. 13, '65.
Ruger, Thos. I!., Nov. 30, '64.
Salomon, Fred'k, Mar. 13, '65.
Sanborn, John B., Feb. 10. '65.
Saxton, Rufus, Jan. 12, '65.
Scott, R. K., Dec. 5, '65.
Sewell, Wm. J., Mar. 13, '65.
Shaler, Alex., July 27, '65.
Shanks, J. P. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Sharpe, Geo. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Sibley, Henry H., Nov. 29, '65.
Sickle, H. G'., Mar. 31, '65.
Slack, Jas. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Smith, G. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Smith, T. K., Mar. 13, '65.
Smyth, T. A., April 7, '65.
Spooner, B. U., Mar. 13, '05.
Sprague, J. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Stannard, Geo. J., Oct. 28, '64.
Stevenson, J. I)., Mar. 13, '65.
Stoughton. W. L., Mar. 13, '65.
Sully. Alfred, Mar. 8, '65.
Tliayer. John M., Mar. 13, '65.
Thomas. H. G., Mar. 13, '65.
Tibbetts. Wm. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Tidball, John C.. April 2, '65.
Tillison, Davis, Mar. 13, '05.
Trowbridge, L. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Tyler, E. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Tyler, Robt. O., Aug. 1, '64.
Tyndale, Hector, Mar. 13, '05.
rilman, Daniel, Mar. 13, '65.
T'nderwood, A. B., Aug. 13, '05.
Van Cleve, H. P., Mar. 13, '05.
Vandever, Wm., June 7, '65.
Veatch, Jas. C., Mar. 20, '65.
Voris, Alvin C., Nov. 15, '65.
Wadsworth, Jas. S., May 6, '64.
Walcutt, C, C., Mar. 13, '65.
Ward, Wm. T., Feb. 24, '65.
Warner Willard, Mar. 13, '65.
Warren, FitzIL, Aug. 24, '65.
Washburn, H. D., July 26, '05.
Webster, Jos. D., Mar. 13, '65.
Wells, Wm., Mar. 13, '05.
West, Jas. R.. Jan. 4, '06.
Wheaton, Frank, Oct. 19, '64.
Wuitaker, W. C., Mar. 13, '65.
White, Julius, Mar. 13, '65.
Williams, A. S., Jan. 12, '65.
Williamson, J. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Willich, Aug., Oct. 21, '65.^
Wintlirop, Fred., April 1, '65.
Wood, Jas., Jr., Mar. 13, '65.
Woods, Wm. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Zook, S. K., July 2, '64.

[304]

Frank Wheaten, Brigade and R:chard Arnold, Originally George S. Greene Commanded John G. Hazard, Originally

Division Commander in the Colonel of the 5th Regi- a Brigade at Antietam Major of the 1st Regi-

Army of the Potomac. ment, U. S. Artillery. and Gettysburg. ment of Light Artillery.

FEDERAL GENERALS

No. 26

RHODE ISLAND

(ABOVE AND TO LEFT)

TENNESSEE

(BELOW AND TO RIGHT)

William Hays, Brevetted for
Gallantry on the Field.

Samuel P. Carter, Originally
Colonel 2d Regiment.

James A. Cooper, Originally James G. Spears, Brevetted Robert Johnson, Originally William B. Campbell, Corn-
Colonel of the 6th Brigadier-General in Colonel of the 1st missioned in 1862; Re-
Regiment. 1862. Cavalry. signed in 1863.

*

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V

V

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V

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V - v **.

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" --- >^^

*,>. ^ jv

«

**.

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-*.
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-Httum

Meagher, T. F., Feb. 3, '62.
Meredith. S. A., Nov. 29, '62.
Miller, Stephen, Oct. 26, '63.
Mitchell, R. B., April 8, '62.
Montgomery, W. R., May 17,

'61.

Morgan, Geo. W., Nov. 12, '61.
Nagle, James, Sept. 10, '62.
Naglee, H. M., Feb. 4, '62.
Nickerson, F. S., Nov. 29, '62.
Orme, Wm. W., Nov. 29, '62.
Owens, Joshua T., Nov. 29, '62.
Paine, Eleazer, Sept. 3, '61.
Patterson, F. E., April 11, '62.
Phelps, John S., July 19, '62.
Phelps, John W., May 17, '61.
Piatt, Abraham, April 28, '62.
Plummer, J. B., Oct. 22, '61.
Porter, Andrew, May 17, '61.
Pratt, Calvin E., Sept. 10, '62.
Quinby, Isaac F., Mar. 17, '62.
Raum, Green B., Feb. 15, '6,5.
Reid, Hugh T., Mar. 13, '63.
Reilly, James W., July 30, '64.
Revere, J. W., Oct. 25, '62.
Rodman, Isaac P., April 28, '62.
Ross, Leonard F., April 25, '62.
Rowley, T. A., Nov. 29, '62.
Rice, Americus V., May 31, '65.
Rice, James C., Aug. 17, '63.
Rice, Samuel A., Aug. 4, '63.
Richardson, W. A., Sept. 3, '61.
Rutherford, F. S., June 27, '64.
Sanders, Wm. P., Oct. 18, '63.
Scammon, E. P., Oct. 15, '62.
Schimmelpfennig, Alex., Nov.

29, '62.

Schoepf, Albin, Sept. 30, '61.
Seward, W. H., Jr., Sept. 13,

'64.

Shackelford, J. M., Jan. 2, '63.
Shepard, Isaac F., Oct. 27, '63.
Shepley, Geo. F., July 18, '62.
Sherman, F. T., July 21, '65.
Shields, James, Aug. 19, '61.
Sill, Joshua W., July 16, '62.
Slough, John B., Aug. 25, '62.
Smith, G. A., Sept. 19, '62.
Smith, Morgan L., July 16, '62.
Smith, T. C. H., Nov. 29, '62.
Smith, Wm. S., April 15, '62.
Spears, James G., Mar. 5, '62.
Spinola, F. B., June 8, '65.
Sprague, John W., July 21, '64.
Sprague, Wm., May 17, '61.
Starkweather, J. C., July 17,

'63.

Stevenson, T. G., Mar. 14, '63.
Stokes, James II., July 20, '65.
Stolbrand, C. J., Feb. 18, '65.
Stone, C. P., May 17, '61.
Stoughton, E. H., Nov. 5, '62.
Strong, Wm. K., Sept, 28, '61.
Stuart, D., Nov. 29, '62.
Stumbaugh, F. S., Nov. 29, '62.
Sullivan, J. C., April 28, '62.
Sweeney, T. W., Nov. 29, '62.
Taylor, Geo. W., May 9, '62.
Taylor, Nelson, Sept. 7, '62.
Terrill, Wm. R., Sept. 9, '62.
Terry, Henry D., July 17, '62.
Thomas, Stephen, Feb. 1, '65.
Thurston, C. M., Sept. 7, '61.

Todd, John B. S., Sept. 19, '65.
Turchin, John B., July 17, '62.
Tuttle, James M., June 9, '62.
Tyler, Daniel, Mar. 13, '62.
Van Allen, J. H., April 15, '62.
Van Derveer, F., Oct. 4, "64.
Van Wyck, C. H., Sept. 27, '65.
Viele, Egbert L., Aug. 17, '61.
Vincent, Strong, July 3, '63.
Vinton. F. L., Sept. 19, '62.
Vogdes, Israel, Nov. 29, '62.
Von Steinwehr, Adolph, Oct.

12, '61.

Wade, M.S., Oct. 1, '61.
Wagner, Geo. D., Nov. 29, '62.
Wallace, W. H. L., Mar. 21, '62.
Ward, John H. H., Oct. 4, '62.
Weber, Max, April 28, '62.
Weed, Stephen H., June 6, '63.
Welsh, Thomas, Mar. 13, '63.
Wild, Edw. A., April 24, '63.
Williams, D. H., Nov. 29, '62.
Williams Thos., Sept. 28, '61.
Wistar, Isaac, Nov. 29, '62.

BRIGADIER-GENERALS

U. S. VOLUNTEERS

(By Brevet)

Abbott, Ira C., Mar. 13, '65.
Abbott, J. C., Jan. 5, '65.
Abert, Wm. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Acker, Geo. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Adams, A. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Adams, Chas. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Adams, Chas. P., Mar. 13, '65.
Adams, Chas. W., Feb. 13, '65.
Adams, Robt. N., Mar. 13, '65.
Adams, Will. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Agnus, Felix, Mar. 13, '65.
Albright, Chas., Mar. 7, '65.
Alden, Alonzo, Jan. 15, '65.
Allaire, A. J., June 28, '65.
Allcock, Thos. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Allen, Harrison, Mar. 13, '65.
Allen, Thos. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Ames, John W., Jan. 15, '65.
Ames, William, Mar. 13, '65.
Amory, Thos. J. C., Oct. 7, '64.
Anderson, A. L., Mar. 13, '65.
Anderson, J. F., April 2, '65.
Anderson, W. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Anthony, DeW. C., Mar. 13,

'65.

Applrton, J. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Armstrong, S. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Askew, Franklin, July 14, '65.
Astor, John J., Jr., Mar. 13, '65.
Aukeny, Rollin V., Mar. 13, '65.
Averill, John T., Oct. 18, '65.
Avery, Mat. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Babcock, W., Sept, 19, '65.
Bailey, Silas M., Mar. 13, '65.
Baker, James H., Mar. 13, '65.
Balch, Joseph P., Mar. 13, '65.
Baldey, George, Mar. 13, '65.
Baldwin, Chas. P., April 1, '65.
Baldwin, Wm. H., Aug. 22, '65.
Ball, Wm. H., Oct. 19, '64.
Ballier. John F., July 13, '64.
Ballock, G. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Bangs, Isaac S., Mar. 13, '65.
Bankhead, H. C., April 1, '65.

Barber, G. M., Mar. 13, '65.
Barnes, Charles, Sept. 28, '65.
Barney, A. M., Mar. 11, '65.
Barney, B. G., Mar. 13, '65.
Barnett, James, Mar. 13, '65.
Barrett, Theo. II., Mar. 13, '65.
Barrett, W. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Barstow, WTilson, April 2, '65.
Barstow, S. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Bartholomew, O. A., Mar. 13,

'65.

Bartlett, C. G., Mar. 13, '65.
Barthtt, Wm. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Barton, Wm. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Bassett, Isaac C., Dec. 12. '64.
Batchelder, R. N., Mar. 13. '05.
Bates, Delavan, July 30, '64.
Bates, Erastus N., Mar. 13, '65.
Baxter, D. W. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Beadis, John E., Mar. 13, '65.
Beadle, W. H. H., Mar. 16,

'66.

Beaver, James A., Aug. 1, '64.
Bedel, John, Jan. 5, '65.
Beeeher, James C., Mar. 13, '65.
Bell, John H., Nov. 30, '65.
Bell, J. W., Feb. 13, '65.
Bendix, John E., Mar. 13, '65.
Benedict, Lewis, April 9, '64.
Benjamin, W. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Bennett, John E., April 6, '65.
Bennett, T. W., Mar. 5, '65.
Bennett, Wrm. T., May 25, '65.
Bentley, R. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Bentley, R. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Benton, Jr., T. II., Dec. 15, '64.
Berdan, Hiram, Mar. 13, '65.
Bertram, Henry, Mar. 13, '65.
Beveridge, J. L., Feb. 7, '65.
Biddle, James, Mar. 13, '65.
Biggs, Herman, Mar. 8, '65.
Biggs, Jonathan, Mar. 13, '65.
Biles, E. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Bingham, H. II., April 9, '65.
Bintliff, James, April 2, '65.
Bishop, J. W., June 7, '65.
Black, J. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Blackman, A. M., Oct. 27, '64.
Blair, C. W.. Feb. 13, '65.
Blair, Louis J., Mar. 13, '65.
Blair, W. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Blaisdell, W., Jan. 23, '64.
Blakeslee, E., Mar. 13, '65.
Blanchard, J. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Blanden, L., Mar. 26, '65.
Bloomfield, Ira J., Mar. 13, '65.
Blunt, Asa P., Mar. 13, '65.
Bodine, R. L., Mar. 13, '65.
Bolingcr, H. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Bolles, John A., July 17, '65.
Bolton, Wm. J., Mar. 13, '65.
Bond, John R., Mar. 13, '65.
Bonham, Edw., Mar. 13, '65.
Bought on, H., Mar. 11, '65.
Bouton, Edw., Feb. 28, '65.
Bowen, T. M., Feb. 13, '65.
Bowerman, R. N., April 1, '65.
Bowie, Geo. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Bowman, S. M., Mar. 13, '65.
Bowyer, Eli, Mar. 13, '65.
Boyd, Joseph F., Mar. 13, '65.
Boynton, H. V. N., Mar. 13,
'65.

Boynton, H., Mar. 13, '65.
Bradshaw, R. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Brady, T. J., Mar. 13, '65.
Brailey, M. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Brayton, C. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Brewster, W. R., Dec. 2, '64.
Brinkerhoff, R., Sept. 20, '65.
Briscoe, Ja.«. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Broadhead, T. F., Aug. 30, '62.
Bronson, S., Sept. 28, '65.
Browne, T. M., Mar. 13, '65.
Browne, W. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Brown, C. E., Mar. 13, '65.
Brown, H. L., Sept. 3, '64.
Brown, J. M., Mar. 13. '65.
Brown, L. G., Mar. 13, '65.
Brown, O., Jan. 6, '66.
Brown, P. P., Mar. 13, "65.
Brown, S. B., Jr., Mar. 13, "65.
Brown, S. L., Mar. 13, '65.
Brown, T. F., Mar. 13, "65.
Brown, Wm. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Brownlow, J. P., Mar. 13, '65.
Bruce, John, Mar. 13, '65.
Brumback, J., Mar. 13, '65.
Brush, D. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Bukey, Van H., Mar. 13, '65.
Burke, J. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Burling, G. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Burnett, II. L., Mar. 13, '65.
Busey, S. T., April 9, '65.
Butler, T. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Call is, J. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Cameron, D., Mar. 13, '65.
Cameron, Hugh, Mar. 13, '65.
Campbell, C. J., Mar. 13, '65.
Campbell, PI L., June 2, '65.
Campbell, J. M., Mar. 13, '65.
Campbell, J. A., Mar. 13 '65.
Candy, Charles, Mar. 13, '65.
Capron, Horace, Feb. 13, "65.
Carle, James, Mar. 13, "65.
Carleton, C. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Carman, Ezra A., Mar. 13, "65.
Carnahan, R. H., Oct. 28, '65.
Carruth, Sumner, April 2, '65.
Carson, Chris., Mar. 13, '65.
Case, Henry, Mar. 16, "65.
Casement, J. S., Jan. 25, '65.
Cassidy, A. L., Mar. 13, '65.
Cavender, J. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Chamberlain, S. E., Feb. 24,

'65.

Champion, T. E., Feb. 20, '65.
Chickering, T. E.. Mar. 13, '65.
Chipman, H. L., Mar. 13, '65.
Chipman, N. P., Mar. 13, '65.
Christ, B. C., Aug. 1, '64.
Christensen, C. T., Mar. 13,

'65.

Christian. W. II., Mar. 13, '65.
Churchill, M., Mar. 13, '65.
Cilly, J. P., June 2. '(55.
Cist, H. M., Mar. 13, '65.
Clapp, D. E., Mar. 13/65.
Clark, G. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Clark, J. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Clarke, Gideon, Mar. 13, '65.
Clarke, Wm. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Clay, CeciJ, Mar. 13, '65.
Clendenin, D. R., Feb. 20, '65.
Clough, J. M., Mar. 13, '65.
Coates, B. F., Mar. 13, '65.

[308]

Edward S. Bragg Commanded the Lysander Cutler Commanded a Bri- Lucius Fairchild, Colonel of the 2d
Iron Brigade. gade at Gettysburg. Regiment.

FEDERAL
GENERALS

No. 28
WISCONSIN

Frederick Salomon, Orig- Jeremiah M. Rusk, Orig
inally Colonel of the 9th inally Lieut.-Colonel
Regiment of Infantry. of the 25th Regiment

Charles S. Hamilton Com- John C. Starkweather Com- Halbert K Paine Com
manded a Division manded a Brigade manded a Division
at Corinth at Perry ville. at Port Hudson.

a Di-

Coates, J. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Cobb, Amasa, Mar. 13, '65.
Cobham, G. A., Jr., July 19, '64.
Coburn, J., Mar. 13, '65.
Cockerill, J. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Coggswell, W., Dec. 15, '61.
Coit, J. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Colgrove, Silas, Aug. 4, '64.
Collier, F. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Colville, Jr., W., Mar. 3, '65.
Comly, J. M., Mar. 13, '65.
Commager, H. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Congdon. J. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Conklin, J. T., Mar. 13, '65.
Conrad, J., Mar. 13, '65.
Cook, Edw. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Coon, D. E., Mar. 8, '65.
Corbin, H. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Coughlin, John, April 9, '65.
Cowan, B. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Cox, John C., July 4, '63.
Cox, Rob't C., April 2, '65.
Cram, Geo. H., Mar. 13, '62.
Cramer, F. L., Mar. 13, '65.
Crandal, F. M., Oct. 24, '65.
Crane, M. M., Mar. 13, '65.
Cranor, Jonathan, Mar. 3, '65.
Crawford, S. J., Mar. 13, '65.
Crocker, J. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Crowinshield, C., Mar. 13, '65.
Cummings, Alex., Apr. 19, '65.
Cummings, G. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Cummins, J. E., Mar. 13, '65.
Cunningham, J. A., Apr. 1, '65.
Curly, Thos., Mar. 13, '65.
Curtin, John J., Oct. 12, '64.
Curtis, A. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Curtis, G. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Curtis, J. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Curtis, Wm. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Curtiss, J. E., Mar. 13, '65.
Cutcheon, B. M., Mar. 13, '65.
Cutting, Wm., April 2, '65.
Cutts, R. D., Mar. 13, '65.
Daggett, A. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Daggett, Rufus. Jan. 15, '65.
Dana, E. L., July 26, '65.
Darr, Francis, Mar. 13, '65.
Dawson, A. R. Z., Nov. 21, '65.
Davis, E. P., Oct. 19, '64.
Davis, Hasbrook, Feb. 13, '65.
Davis, H. G., Mar. 13, '65.
Davis, W. W. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Day, Henry M., Mar. 26, '65.
Day, Nich* W., Mar. 13, '65.
Dayton, Oscar V., Mar. 13, '65.
Dawes, R. R., Mar. 18, '65.
Deems, J. M., Mar. 13, '65.
De Groat, C. H., Mar. 13, '65.
De Hart, R. P., Mar. 13, '65.
De Lacey, Wm., Mar. 13, '65.
De Land, C. V., Mar. 13. '65.
Dennis, John B., Mar. 13, '65.
Devereux, A. F., Mar. 13, '65.
De Witt, D. P., Mar. 13, '65.
Dick, Geo. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Dickerson, C. J., Mar. 13, '65.
Dickey, Wm. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Dickinson, Jos., Mar. 13, '65.
Dilworth, C. J.. Mar. 13, '65.
Di-non, C. A. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Diven, Alex. S., Aug. 30, '64.
Diven, C. W., Mar. 25, '65.

Dixon, Wm. D., Mar. 13, '65.
Doan, A. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Dodd, Levi A., April 2, '65.
Dodge, Geo. S., Jan. 15, '65.
Donohue, M. T., Mar. 13, '65.
Doster, Wm. E., Mar. 13. '65.
Doubleday, U., Mar. 11, '65.
Do>:, Ham. B., Feb. 13, '65.
Drake, Francis M , Feb. 22, '65.
Drake, Geo. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Draper, Alonzo G., Oct. 28, '64.
Draper, W. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Drew, C. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Ducat, A. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Dudley, N. A. M., Jan. 19, '65.
Dudley, Wrm. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Ducr, John ()., July 12, '65.
Duff, Wm. L., Mar. 13, '65.
Dunham, T. H., Jr., Mar. 13,

'65.

Dunlap, H. C., Mar. 13, '62.
Dunlap, James, Mar. 13, '65.
Durvea, Hiram, Mar. 13, '65.
Duryee, J. E., Mar. 13, '65.
Dustin, Daniel, Mar. 13, '65.
Dutton, A. H., May 16, '64.
Dutton, E. F., Mar. 16, '65.
Duval, Hiram F., Mar. 13, '65.
Dye, Wm. McE., Mar. 13, '65.
Dyer, Isaac, Mar. 13, '65.
Eaton, Chas. G., Mar. 13, '65.
Eaton, John, Jr., Mar. 13, '65.
Eckert, Thos. T., Mar. 13, '65.
Edgerton, A. J., Mar. 13, '65.
Edmonds, J. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Edwards, C. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Eggleston, B. B., Mar. 13, '62.
Eldridge, H. X., Mar. 13, '65.
Elliott, I. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Elliott, S. M., Mar. 13, '65.
Ellis, A. VanHorn, July 2, '63.
Ellis, Theo. G., Mar. 13, '65.
Elstner, G. R., Aug. 8, '64.
Elwell, J. J., Mar. 13, '65.
Ely, Ralph, April 2, '65.
Ely, Wm. C., April 13, '65.
Engleman, A., Mar. 13, '65.
Enochs, Wm. II., Mar. 13, '65.
Ent, W. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Enyart, D. A., Mar. 13, '62.
Erskine, Albert, Feb. 13, '65.
Estes, L. G., Mar. 13, '65.
Evans, George S., Mar. 13, '65.
Everett, Charles, Mar. 13, '65.
Fairchild, C., Mar. 13, '65.
Fairchild, H. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Fallows, Samuel, Oct. 24, '65.
Fardella, Enrico, Mar. 13, '65.
Farnum, J. E., Jan. 3, '66.
Farnsworth, A., Sept. 27, '65.
Farrar, B. G., Mar. 9, '65.
Fearing, Benj. D., Dec. 2, '64.
Fisher, Benj. F.. Mar. 13, '65.
Fisher, Joseph W., Nov. 4, '65.
Fisk, Henry C., April 6, '65.
Fiske, Frank S., Mar. 13, '65.
Fiske, Wm. O., Mar. 13, '65.
Fitzsimmons, C., Mar. 13, '65.
Flanigan, Mark, Mar. 13, '65.
Fleming, R. E., Mar. 13, '64.
Fletcher, T. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Flood, Martin, Mar. 13, '65.
Flynn, John, Mar. 13, '65.

Fonda, John G., June 28, '65.
Ford, James H., Dec. 10, '65.
Forsyth, Geo. A., Feb. 13, '65.
Foster, Geo. P., Aug. 1, '64.
Foster, John A., Sept. 28, '65.
Foust, B. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Fowler, Edw. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Franchot, R., Mar. 13, '65.
Francine, Louis R., July 2, '63.
Frank, Paul, Mar. 13, '65.
Frankle, Jones, Sept. 3, '65.
Frazer, D., Mar. 13, '65.
Frazer, John, Mar. 13, '65.
Frederick, C. H., Mar. 13, '65.
French, W. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Frink, Henry A.. Oct. 4, '65.
Frisbie, H. N., Mar. 13, '65.
Fritz, Peter, Jr., Mar. 13, '65.
Frizell, J. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Frohock, Wm. T., Mar. 13, '65.
Fuller, H. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Fullerton, J. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Funke. Otto, Feb. 13, '65.
Fyffe, Edw. P., Mar. 13, '65.
Gage, Joseph S., June 15, '65.
Gallagher, T. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Gallup, Geo. W.. Mar. 13, '62.
Gansevoort, H. S., June 24, '64.
Gardiner, Alex., Sept. 19, '64.
Garrard, Israel, June 20, '65.
Garrard, Jephtha, Mar. 13, '65.
Gates, Theo. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Geddes, James L., June 5, '65.
Gerhardt, Joseph, Mar. 13, '65.
Gibson, H. G., Mar. 13, '65.
Gibson, Wm. II., Mar. 13, '65.
Giesy, Henry H., May 28, '64.
Gilbert, S. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Gilchrist, C. A., Mar. 26, '65.
Gile, Geo. W., May 6, '65.
Ginty, Geo. C., Sept. 28, '65.
Given, Josiah, Mar. 13, '65.
Given, William, Mar. 13, '65.
Glasgow, S. L., Dec. 19, '64.
Gleason, Newell, Mar. 13, '65.
Glenny, Wm., Mar. 13, '65.
Gobin, J. P. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Goddard, Wm., Mar. 13, '65.
Godman, J. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Goff, Nathan, Jr., Mar. 13, '65.
Goodell, A. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Goodyear, E. D. S., April 2, '65.
Gowan, Geo. W., April 2, '65.
Graham, Harvey, July 25, '65.
Graham, Samuel, Mar. 13, '65.
Granger, Geo. F., June 12, '65.
Greeley, Edwin S., Mar. 13, '65.
Green, Wm. M., May 14, '64.
Gregg, Wm. M., April 2, '65.
Grier, D. P., Mar. 26, '65.
Griffin. Dan'l F., Mar. 13, '65.
Grindlay, James, Mar. 13, '65.
Grosvenor. C. II., Mar. 13, '65.
Grosvenor, T. W., Feb. 13, '65.
Grover, Ira G., Mar. 13, '65.
Grubb, E. Burd, Mar. 13, '65.
Guiney, P. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Guppy, Joshua J., Mar. 13, '65.
Gurney, William, May 19, '65.
Hall, Caldwell K., Mar. 13, '65.
Hall, Cyrus, Mar. 13, '65.
Hall, H. Seymour, Mar. 13, '65.
Hall, Jas. A., Mar. 3, '65.

' Hall, James F., Feb. 24, '65.
Hall, Jarius W., Mar. 13, '65.
Hull, Rob't M., Mar. 13, '65.
Hallowell, E. N., June 27, '65.
Halpine, C. G., Mar. 13, '65.
Hamilton, W. D., April 9, '65.
Hamlin, Chas., Mar. 13, '65.
Hammell, John S., Mar. 13, '65.
Hammond, J. H., Oct. 31, '64.
Hammond, John, Mar. 13, '65.
Hanbreght, II. A., June 7, '65.
llanna, Wm., Mar. 13, '65.
Hardenbergh, J. B., Mar. 13,

'65.

Harding, C., Jr , May 27, "65.
Harlin, E. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Harnden, Henn, Mar. 13, '65.
Harriiuan, Sam'1, April 2, '65.
Harriman, W., Mar. 13, '65.
Harris, A. L., Mar. 13, '65.
Harris, Benj. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Harris, Chas. L., Mar. 13, '65.
Harrison, Benj., Jan. 23, '65.
Harrison, M. LaRue, Mar. 13,

'65.

Harrison, T. J., Jan. 31, '65.
Hart, James H., Mar. 13, '65.
Hart, O. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Hartshorne, W. R., Mar. 13,

'65.

Hartsuff, Wm.. Jan. 24, '64.
Hart well, A. S., Dec. 30, '64.
Hartwell, C. A., Dec. 2, '65.
Haskill, L. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Hastings, R., Mar. 13, '65.
Haughton, Nath'l, Mar. 13,

'65

Hawkes, Geo. P., Mar. 13, '<!5.
Hawkins, I. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Hawkins, R. ('., Mar. 13, '65.
Hawley, William, Mar. 16, '65.
Hayes, P. C., Mar. 13, '65.
I layman, S. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Hays, E. L., Jan. 12, '65.
Hazard, J. G., Mar. 13, '65.
Healy, R. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Heath, Francis, Mar. 13, '65.
Heath, Thomas T., Dec. 15, '64.
Hedrick, J. M., Mar. 13, '65.
Heine, Wm., Mar. 13, '65.
Heinrichs, Gus., Mar. 13, '65.
Henderson, R. M.. Mar. 13, '65.
Henderson, T. J., Nov. 30, '64.
Hendrickson, J., Mar. 13, '65.
Hennessey, J. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Henry, Guy V., Oct. 28, '64.
Henry, Wm. W., Mar. 7, '65.
Herrick, W. F., May 13, '65.
Herring, Chas. P., Mar. 13, '65.
Hickenloopcr, A., Mar. 13, '65.
Hill, Jonathan A.. April 9, '65.
Hill, Sylvester G., Dec. 15, '64.
Hillis, David B., Mar. 13, '65.
Hillyer, W. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Hitchcock. G. II., Mar. 13, '65.
Hobart,ILC.,Jan. 12, '65.
Hobson, Win., April 6, '65.
Hoffman, H. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Hoffman, Wm. J., Aug. 1, '64.
Hoge, Geo. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Hoge, George W., Mar. 13, '65.
Ilolbrook, M. T., Mar. 13, '65.
Ilolloway, E. S., Mar. 13, '65.

[310]

David H. Strother, of Virginia, Orig
inally Colonel 3d West
Virginia Cavalry.

Thomas M. Harris, of West Virginia,

Originally Colonel of the

10th Infantry.

Lawrence P. Graham, of Virginia,

Organized and Led a Cavalry

Brigade in the Army of

the Potomac.

FEDERAL GENERALS

No. 29

Henry Capehart, of West Virginia, Colonel John W. Davidson, of Virginia, Promoted for

1st Cavalry. WEST VIRGINIA the Capture of Little Rock.

James A. Hardie, of West

Virginia, Brevetted

for Distinguished

Services.

Robert C. Buchanan,
of District of Colum
bia, Brevetted for
Gallantry.

Henry B. Carrington, Originally
Colonel of the 18th West Vir
ginia Infantry.

WEST VIRGINIA
AND DISTRICT
OF COLUMBIA

Richard H. Jackson, of District

of Columbia, Brevetted for

Gallantry During the War.

limnn

Holman, J. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Holt, Thomas, Mar. 13, '65.
Holter, M. J. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Hooker, A. E., Mar. 13, '65.
Horn, John W., Oct. 19, '64.
Hotchkiss, C. T., Mar. 13, '65.
Hough, John, March 13, '65.
Houghtaling, Chas., Feb. 13,

'65.

Iloughton. M. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Howard, Clias. II., Aug. 15, '65.
Howe, John II., Mar. 13, '65.
Howland, H. X., Mar. 13, '62.
Howland, Joseph, Mar. 13, '65.
Hoyt, ('has. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Hoyt, Geo. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Hoyt, Henry M., Mar. 13, '65.
Hubbard, James, April 6, '65.
Hubbard, L. P., Dec. 16, '64.
Hubbard, T. H., June 30, '65.
Hudnutt, Jos. O., Mar. 13, '65.
Hudson, John G., Mar. 13, '65.
Huey, Pennock, Mar. 13, '65.
Hugunin, J. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Humphrey, T. W., June 10, '65.
Humphrey, Wm., Aug. 1, '64.
Hunt, Lewis C., Mar. 13, '65.
Hunter, M. C., Mar. 13. '65.
Hurd, John R., Mar. 13. '65.
Hurst, Samuel H., Mar. 13, '65.
Hutchins, Rue P., Mar. 13, '65.
Hutehinson, F. S., May 24, '65.
Hyde, Thomas W., April 2, '65.
Ingraham, T., Oct. 2, '65.
Innes, Wm. P., Mar. 13, '65.
Irvine, Wm., March 13, '65.
Irvin, William H., Mar. 13, '65.
Ives, Brayton, March 13, '65.
Jacobs, Ferris, Jr., Mar. 13, '65.
Jackson, S. M., March 13, '64.
Jackson, Jos. C., Mar. 13, '65.
James, W. L., March 1, '66.
Jardine, Edw., Nov. 2, '65.
Jarvis, D wight, Jr., Mar. 13,

'65.

Jeffries, Noah L., Mar. 30, '65.
Jenkins, H., Jr., March 13, '65.
Jennison, S. P., March 13, '65.
Johnson, Chas. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Johnson, G. M. L., Mar. 13, '65.
Johnson, J. M., March 13, '65.
Johnson, Lewis, March 13, '65.
Johnson, Robert, Mar. 13, '65.
Johns, Thos. D., March 13, '65.
Jones, J. I?., March 13, '65.
Jones, Edward F., Mar. 13, '65.
Jones, Fielder A., Mar. 13. '65.
Jones, John S., March 13, '65.
Jones, Samuel B., Mar. 31, '65.
Jones, Theodore, Mar. 13, '65.
Jones, Wells S., Mar. 13, '65.
Jones, Wm. P., March 13, '65.
Jordan, Thos. J., Feb. 25, '65.
Judson, R. W., July 28, '66.
Judson, Wm. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Karge, Jonah, March 13, '65.
Keily, D. J., March 13, '65.
Kellogg, John A., April 9, '65.
Kelly, John H., Feb. 13, '65.
Kennedy, R. P., March 13, '65.
Kent, Loren, March 22, '65.
Kennett, H. G., March 13, '65.
Ketner, James, March 13, '65.

Kidd, James H., Mar. 13, '65.
Kilgour, Wm. M., June 20, '65.
Kimball, John W., Mar. 13, '65.
Kimball, Wm. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Kimberly, R. L., Mar. 13, '65.
King, Adam E., Mar. 13, '6.5.
King, John F., March 13, '65.
King, Wm. S., March 13, '65.
Kingsbury, H. D., Mar. 10, '65.
Kinney, T. J., March 26, '65.
Kinsey, Wm. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Kirby, Byron, Sept. 6, '65.
Kirby, Dennis T., Mar. 13, '65.
Kirby, Isaac M., Jan. 12, '65.
Kise, Reuben ('., Mar. 13, '65.
Kitchell, Edward, Mar. 13, '65.
Kitching, J. II., Aug. 1, '64.
Kneffner, Wm. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Knefier, Fred'k, Mar. 13, '65.
Knowles, Oliv. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Kozlay, E. A., March 13, '65.
Krez, Conrad, March 26, '65.
Lafflin, Byron, March 13, '65.
Lagow, C. B., March 13, '65.
La Grange, O. H., Mar. 13, '65.
La Motte, C. E., Mar. 13, '65.
Landram, Wm. J., Mar. 13, '62.
Lane, John Q.. March 13, '65.
Langdon, E. Bassett, Mar. 13,

'65.

Lansing, H. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Laselle, Wm. P., Mar. 13, '65.
Laughlin, R. G., Mar. 13, '65.
Latham, Geo. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Lawrence, A. G., Mar. 25, '65.
Lawrence, Wm. Henry, Mar.

13, '65.
Lawrence, Wm. Hudson, Mar.

13, '65.

Leake, Jos. B., March 13, '65.
Le Due, WTm. G., Mar. 13, '65.
Lee, Horace C., Mar. 13, '65.
Lee, Edward M., Mar. 13, '65.
Lee, John C., March 13, '65.
Lee, Wm. R., March 13, '65.
Le Favour, II., March 13, '65.
Le Gendre, C. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Leech, Wm. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Leib, Herman, March 13, '65.
Leiper, Chas. L., Mar. 13, '65.
Lewis, Chas. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Lewis. John R., March 13, '65.
Lewis, W. D., Jr., Mar. 13, '65.
Lincoln, Wm. S., June 23, '65.
Locke, Fred'k. T., April 1, '65.
Lockman, J. T., March 13, '65.
Loomis, Cyrus ().. June 20, '65.
Lord, T. Ellery, Mar. 13, '65.
Love, George M., Mar. 7, '65.
Lovell, Fred'k S., Oct. 11, '65.
Lindley, J. M., March 13, '65.
Lippincott. C. E., Feb. 17, '65.
Lippitt, Francis J., Mar. 3, '65.
Lister, Fred. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Litchfield, A. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Littell, John S., Jan. 15, '65.
Littlejohn, De Witt C., Mar.

13, '65.

Littlefield, M. S., Nov. 26, '65.
Livingston, R. R., June 21, '65.
Ludington, M. J., Mar. 13, '65.
Ludlow, Benj. C., Oct. 28, '64.
Lyle, Peter, Mar. 13, '65.

Lynian, Luke, Mar. 13, '65.
Lynch, Jas. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Lynch, Wm. F., Jan. 31, '65.
Lyon, Wm. P., Oct. 26, '65.
McArthur, W. M., Mar. 13, '65.
McBride, J. D., Mar. 13, '65.
McCall, W. H. H., April 2, '65.
McCalmont, A. B., Mar. 13, '65.
McCIeery, Jas., Mar. 13, '65.
McCleunen, M.R., April 2, '65.
McClurg, A. C., Sept. 18, '65.
McConihe, John, June 1, '64.
McConihe, Sam., Mar. 13, '65.
McConnell, H. K., Mar. 13, '65.
McConnell, John, Mar. 13. '65.
McCook, A. G., Mar. 13, '65.
McCormick, Chas. C., Mar. 13,

'65.

McCoy, Daniel, Mar. 13, '65.
McCoy, Rob't A., Mar. 13, '65.
McCoy, Thos. F., April 1, '65.
McCreary, D. B., Mar. 13, '65.
McCrillis, L., Sept. 4, '64.
McDougall, C. D., Feb. 25, '65.
McEwen, Matt., Mar. 13, '65.
McGarry, Ed., Mar. 13, '65.
McGowan, J. E., Mar. 13, '65.
McGregor, J. D., Mar. 13, "65.
McGroarty, S. J., May 1, '65.
McKenny, T. J., Mar. 13, '65.
McKibbin, G. H., Dec. 2, '64.
McLaren, R. N., Dec. 14, '65.
McMahon, J., June 30, '65.
McNary, Wm. II., Mar. 13, '65.
McNaught, T. A., Aug. 4, '65.
McNett, A. J., July 28, '66.
McNulta, John, Mar. 13, '65.
McQueen. A. G., Mar. 13, '65.
McQueston, J. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Mackey, A. J., Mar. 13, '65.
Macauley, Dan., Mar. 13, '65.
Magee, David W., Mar. 13, '65.
Malloy, Adam G., Mar. 13, '65.
Manderson, C. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Mank, Wm. G., Mar. 13, '65.
Mann, Orrin L., Mar. 13, '65.
Manning, S. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Mansfield, John, Mar. 13, '65.
Markoe, John, Mar. 13, '65.
Marple, Wm. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Marshall, W7. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Martin, Jas. S., Feb. 28, '65.
Martin, John A., Mar. 13, '65.
Martin, Wm. H., June 8, '65.
Mason, Ed. C., June 3, '65.
Mather, T. S., Sept. 28, '65.
Matthews, J. A., April 2, '65.
Matthews, Sol. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Mattocks, C. P., Mar. 13, '65.
Maxwell, N. J., April 18, '65.
Maxwell, O. C., Mar. 13, '65.
May, Dwight, Mar. 13, '65.
Mehringer, John, Mar. 13, '65.
Merrill, Lewis, Mar. 13, '65.
Mersey, August, Mar. 13, '65.
Messer, John, Mar. 13, '65.
Meyers, Edw. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Miehie, Peter S., Jan. 1, '65.
Miller, A. O., Mar. 13, '65.
Miller, Madison, Mar. 13, '65.
Mills, Jas. K., Mar. 13, '65.
Mintzer, Wm. M., Mar. 13, '65.
Mitchell, G. M., Aug. 22, '65.

Mitchell, W. G., Mar. 13, '65.
Mix, Elisha, Mar. 13, '65.
Mizner, H. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Mizner, John K., Mar. 13, '65.
Moffitt, Stephen, Mar. 13, '65.
Monroe, Geo. W., Mar. 13, '62.
Montgomery, M., Mar. 13, '65.
Moody, G., Jan. 12, '65.
Moon, John C.. Nov. 21, '65.
Moonlight, Thos., Feb. 13, '65.
Moor, Augustus, Mar. 13, '65.
Moore, David, Feb. 21, '65.
Moore, Fred'k W., Mar. 26, '65.
Moore, Jesse II., May 15, '65.
Moore, Jon. B., Mar. 26, '65.
Moore, Tim. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Morehead, T. G., Mar. 13, '65.
Morgan, G. N., Mar. 13, '65.
Morgan, Thos. J., Mar. 13, 'C5.
Morgan, Wm. H.. April 20, '65.
Morgan, Wm. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Morrill, John, Mar. 13, '65.
Morrison, D., Mar. 13, '65.
Morrison, Jos. J., Mar. 13, '65.
Morse, Henry B., Mar. 13, '65.
Mott, Sam'fR., Mar. 13, '65.
Mudgett, Wm. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Mulcahey, Thos., Mar. 13, '65.
Mulford, J. E., July 4, '64.
Mulligan, J. A.. July 23, '65.
Mundee, Chas., April 2, '65.
Murphy, John K., Mar. 13, '65.
Murray, Benj. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Murray, Edw., Mar. 13, '65.
Murray, Ely H., Mar. 25, '65.
Murray, John B.. Mar. 13, '65.
Mussey, R. D., Mar. 13, '65.
Myers, Geo. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Nase, Adam, Mar. 13, '65.
Neafie, Alfred, Mar. 13, '65.
Neff, Andrew J., Mar. 13, '65.
Neff, Geo. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Neide, Horace, Mar. 13, '65.
Nettleton, A. B., Mar. 13, '62.
Newbury, W. C.. Mar. 31, '65.
Newport, R. M., Mar. 13, 65.
Nichols, Geo. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Nichols, Geo. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Niles, Nat., Mar. 13, '65.
Noble, John W., Mar. 13, 'Co.
Noble, Wm. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Northcott, R. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Norton, Chas. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Noyes, Edw. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Nugent, Robert, Mar. 13, '65.
O'Beirne, J. R., Sept. 26, '65.
O'Brien, Geo. M., Mar. 13, '65.
O'Dowd, John. Mar. 13, '65.
Oley, John II., Mar. 13, '65.
Oliphant, S. I)., June 27, '65.
Oliver, Paul A., Mar. 8, '65.
Olmstead, W. A., April 9, '65.
Ordway, Albert, Mar. 13, '65.
Osband, E. D., Oct. 5, '64.
Osborn, F. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Otis, Calvin N., Mar. 13, '65.
Otis, Elwell S., Mar. 13, '65.
Otis, John L., Mar. 13, '65.
Ozburn, Lyndorf, Mar. 13, '65.
Packard, Jasper, Mar. 13, '65.
Painter, Wm., Mar. 13, '65.
Palfrey, F. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Palmer, Oliver H., Mar. 13, '65.

[312]

Walter P. Lane Led a Brigade William P. Hardeman Led Lawrence S. Ross Com- Walter H. Stevens, Chief
of Cavalry West of the a Brigade in Magruder's manded a Brigade in Engineer, Army of

Mississippi. Army. Wheeler's Cavalry. Northern Virginia.

Elkanah Greer Commanded A. P. Bagby, Originally Colo- John A. Wharton Com-

the Reserve Corps, nel of the 7th Cav- manded a Division of

Trans- Mississippi airy; Later Led a WTheeler's Cavalry

Depaitment. Division. in Tennessee.

James E. Harrison Com
manded a Brigade of
Polignac's Division
in Louisiana.

William H. Young Led
a Brigade in the
Army of Ten
nessee.

John W. Whitfield Joseph L. Hogg Led Samuel Bell Maxcy,

Commanded a Bri- a Brigade in the Originally Colo-

gade of Texas Army of the nel of the 9th

Cavalry. Wrest. Infantry.

William Steele Led

a Brigade at

Shreveport

in 1864.

CONFEDERATE GENERALS— No. 21— TEXAS

Slnum (getterala

Palmer, Wm. J., Nov. 6, '(54.
Partridge, F. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Partridge, B. F., Mar. 31, '65.
Parish, Chas. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Parrott, Jas. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Park, Sidney W., Mar. 13, '65.
Parkhurst, J. G., May 22, '65.
Pardee, D. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Pardee, Ario, Jr., Jan. 12, '65.
Parry, Aug. C., Mar. 13, "65.
Pattee, John, Mar. 13, '65.
Pattee, Jos. B., April 9, '65.
Patterson, R. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Patterson, R. E., Mar. 13, '65.
Patterson, J. N., Mar. 13, '65.
Patten, H. L., Sept. 10, '64.
Paul, Frank, Mar. 13, '65.
Payne, Eugene B., Mar. 13, '65.
Payne, Oliver H., Mar. 13, '65.
Pearsall, Uri B., Mar. 13, '65.
Pearson, Rbt. N., Mar. 13, '65.
Pearce, John S., Mar. 13, '65.
Pease, Phineas, Mar. 13, '65.
Pease, Wm. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Peck, Frank H., Sept. 19, "65.
Pennington, A. C. M., JulylO,

'65.

Perkins, H. W., Mar. 13, '65.
PerLee, Sam'l R., Mar. iff, '65.
Phelps, Chas. E., Mar. 13, '65.
Phelps, John E., Mar. 13, '65.
Phelps, W., Jr., Mar. 13, '65.
Phillips, Jesse L., Mar. 13, '65.
Pickett, Josiah, Mar. 13, '65.
Pierson, Chas. L., Mar. 13, '65.
Pierson, J. Fred., Mar. 13, '65.
Pierson, Wm. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Pierce, F. E., Mar. 13, '65.
Pinckney, Jos. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Pinto, F. E., Mar. 13, '64.
Platner, John S., Mar. 13, '65.
Pleasants, H., Mar. 13, '65.
Pollock, S. M., Mar. 13, '65.
Pomutz, Geo., Mar. 13, '65.
Pope, Ed. M., Mar. 13, '65.
Porter, Sam'l A., Mar. 13, '65.
Post, P. Sidney, Dec. 16, '64.
Potter, Carroll H., Mar. 13, '65.
Powell, Eugene, Mar. 13, '65.
Price, Francis, Mar. 13, '65.
Price, W. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Price, S. W., Mar. 13, '62.
Price, Rich'd B., Mar. 13, '65.
Pritchard, B. I)., May 10, '65.
Proudfit, J. L., Mar. 13, '65.
Pratt, Benj. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Preston, S. M., Dec. 30, '65.
Prescott, Geo. L., June 18, '64.
Prevost, C. M., Mar. 13, '65.
Pugh, Isaac C., Mar. 10, '65.
Pulford, John, Mar. 13, '65.
Quincy, S. M., Mar. 13, '65.
Randall, Geo. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Randol, A. M., June 24, '65.
Ratliff, Rht. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Raynor, Wm. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Read, S. Tyler, Mar. 13, '65.
Read, ThecY, Sept. 29, '64.
Remick, D., Mar. 13, '65.
Reno, M. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Revere, W. R., Jr., Mar. 13,

'65.
Revere, P. J., July 2, '65.

Reynolds, Jos. S., July 11, '65.
Richardson, H., Mar. 13, "65.
Richardson, W. P., Dec. 7, '64.
Richmond, Lewis, Mar. 13, '65.
Riggin, John, Mar. 13, '65.
Rinaker, J. I., Mar. 13, '65.
Ripley, Edw. H., Aug. 1, "64.
Ripley, Theo. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Risdo'n, O. C,, Mar. 13, '65.
Ritchie, John, Feb. 21, '65.
Robbins, W. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Roberts, Chas. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Roberts, S. H., Oct. 28, '64.
Robeson, W. P., Jr., April 1,

'65.

Robinson, G. D., Mar. 13, '65.
Robinson, H. L., Mar. 13, '65.
Robinson, M. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Robinson, W. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Robison, J. K., Mar. 13, '65.
Rockwell, A. P., Mar. 13, '65.
Rodgers, H., Jr., Mar. 13, '65.
Rodgers, H. C., Mar. 13. '65.
Rogers, Jas. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Rogers, George, Mar. 13, '65.
Rogers, Geo. C., Mar. 13, '05.
Rogers, Wm. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Roome, Chas., Mar. 13, '65.
Rose, Thos. E., July 22, '65.
Ross, Samuel, April 13, '65.
Ross, W. E. W., Mar. 11, '65.
Rowett, Rich'd, Mar. 13, '65.
Rowley, Wm. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Ruggles, Jas. M., Mar. 13, '65.
Rusk, Jer. M., Mar. 13, '65.
Rusling, Jas. F., Feb. 16, '66.
Russell, Chas. S., July 30, '64.
Russell, Hy. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Rust, John D., Mar. 13, '65.
Rust, H., Jr., Mar. 13, '65.
Rutherford, Allen, Mar. 13, '65.
Rutherford, G. V., Mar. 13, '65.
Rutherford, R. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Sackett, Wm. H., June 10, '64.
Salm Salm, F. P., April 13, '65.
Salomon, C. E., Mar. 13, '65.
Salomon, E. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Sanborn, Wm., Mar. 13, '65.
Sanders, A. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Sanders, H. T., April 19, '65.
Sanderson, T. W7., Mar. 13, '65.
Sanford, E. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Sargent, H. B., Mar. 21, '64.
Sawyer, Frank, Mar. 13, '65.
Scates, W. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Schmitt, Wm. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Schneider, E. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Schofield, H., Mar. 13, '65.
Schofield, Geo. W., Jan. 26, "65.
Schwenk, S. K., July 24, '65.
Scribner, B. F., Aug. 8, '64.
Scott, Geo. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Scott, Rufus, Mar. 13, '65.
Seaver, Joel J., Mar. 13, '65.
Seawall, Thos. D., Mar. 13, '65.
Selfridge, J. L., Mar. 16, '65.
Serrell, Edw. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Sewall, F. D., July 21, '65.
Shaffer, G. T., Mar. 13, '65.
Shaffer, J. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Shafter, Wm. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Sharpe, Jacob, Mar. 13, '65.
Shaurman, N., Mar. 13, '65.

Shaw, Jas., Jr., Mar. 13, '65.
Shedd, Warren, Mar. 13, '65.
Sheets, Benj. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Sheets, Josiah A., Mar. 13, '65.
Sheldon, Chas. S., Mar. 13, "65.
Sheldon, L. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Shepherd, R. B., Mar. 13, "65.
Sherwood, I. R., Feb. 27, '65.
Sherwin, T., Jr., Mar. 13, '65.
Shoup, Sam'l. Mar. 13, '65.
Shunk, David, Feb. 9, '65.
Shurtleff, G. W., Mar. 13, '05.
Sickles, II. F., Mar. 13, '05.
Sigfried, J. K., Aug. 1, '04.
Simpson, S. P., Mar. 13, '05.
Sleven, P. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Slocum, Willard, Mar. 13, '65.
Smith, Arthur A., Mar. 13, '65.
Smith, Al. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Smith, Benj. F., Mar. 26, '65.
Smith, Chas. E., Mar. 13, '65.
Smith, E. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Smith, F. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Smith, Geo. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Smith, Gus. A., Mar. 13, "65.
Smith, Israel C., Mar. 13, '65.
Smith, James, Mar. 13, '65.
Smith, John C., June 20, '05.
Smith, Jos. S., July 11, "65.
Smith, Orlando, Mar. 13, '65.
Smith, Orlow, Mar. 13, '65.
Smith, Robert F., Mar. 13, '65.
Smith, Rbt. W., Feb. 13, '05.
Smith, Wm. J., July 16, '65.
Sniper, Gustavus, Mar. 13, '65.
Sowers, Edgar, Mar. 13, '65.
Sprague, A. B. R., Mar. 13, '65.
Sprague, Ezra T., June 20, '05.
Spalding. George, Mar. 21, '05.
Spaulding, Ira, April 9, '65.
Spaulding, O. L., June 25, '05.
Spencer, Geo. E., Mar. 13, '65.
Spear, Ellis, Mar. 13, '65.
Spear, Sam'l P., Mar. 13, '65.
Spicely, Wm. T., Aug. 26, '05.
Spurling, A. B., Mar. 26, '65.
Spofford, John P., Mar. 13, '65.
Stafford, Jacob A., Mar. 13, '65.
Stager, Anson, Mar. 13, '65.
Stagg, Peter, Mar. 30, '65.
Stanley, Tim. L., Mar. 13, '65.
Stanton, David L., April 1, '65.
Starbird, I. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Starring, F. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Stedman, G. A., Jr., Aug. 5,

'64.

Stedman, Wm., Mar. 13, '65.
Steers, Wm. II. P., Mar. 13, '65.
Steiner, John A., Mar. 13, '65.
Stephenson, L., Jr., Mar. 13,

'64.

Stevens, Aaron F., Dec. 8, '64.
Stevens, A. A., Mar. 7, '65.
Stevens, Hazard, April 2, '65.
Stevenson, R. H., Mar. 13, '05.
Stewart, Jas., Jr., Mar. 13, '65.
Stewart, W. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Stewart, W'm. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Stibbs, John H., Mar. 13, '65.
Stiles, Israel N., Jan. 31, '64.
Stockton, Jos., Mar. 13, '65.
Stokes, Wm. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Stone, Geo. A., Mar. 13, '65.

Stone, Roy, Sept. 7, '04.
Stone, Wm. M., Mar. 13, '05.
Stough, Wm., Mar. 13, "05.
Stoughton, C. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Stout, Alex. W., Mar. 13, '62.
Stratton, F. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Streight, Abel D., Mar. 13, '65.
Strickland, S. A., Mar. 13. '65.
Strong, Jas. ('., Mar. 13, '05.
Strong, Thos. J., Mar. 13, '65.
Strong, Wm. E., Mar. 21, '05.
Strother, D. II., Aug. 23, '05.
Sumner, E. V., Jr., Mar. 13, '05.
Sullivan, P. J., Mar. 13, '05.
Sweet, Benj.. D<c. 20, '04.
Sweitzer, J. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Swift, Fred. W., Mar. 13, '05.
Switzler, T. A., Mar. 13, '05.
Sypher, J. Hale, Mar. 13, '05.
Talbot, Thos. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Talley, Wm. C., Mar. 13, '65.
Tarbell, Jon., Mar. 13, '65.
Taylor, Ezra, Feb. 13. '05.
Taylor, J. F,., Mar. 13, '05.
Taylor, John P., Aug. 4, '65.
Taylor, Thos. T , Mar. 13, '('5.
Tevis, W. Carroll, Mar. 13. '05.
Tew. Geo. W., Mar. 13, '05.
Thomas, De Witt C.. Mar. 13,

'65.

Thomas, M. T., Feb. 10, '05.
Thomas, Samuel, Mar. 13, '05.
Thompson, C. R., April 13, '65.
Thompson, I)., Mar. 13, '05.
Thompson, II. E., Mar. 13, '65.
Thompson, J. I... Mar. 13, '05.
Thompson, J. M., Mar. 13, '05.
Thompson, R., Mar. 13, '65.
Thompson, Wm., Mar. 13, '05.
Thorp, Thos. J., Mar. 13, '65.
Throop, Wm. A., Mai. 13, '65.
Thruston, G. P., Mar. 13, '65.
Thurston, W. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Tilden, Chas. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Tilghman, B. C., April 13, '05.
Tillson, John, Mar, 10, "05.
Tilton, Wm. S., Sept. 9, '64.
Titus, Herbert B., Mar. 13, "65.
Tompkins, C. H., Aug. 1, '64.
Tourtelotte, J. E., Mar. 13, '65.
Tracy, B. F., Mar. 13, "05.
Trauernicht, T., Mar. 13, '05.
Tremaine. H. E., Nov. 30, '65.
Trotter, F. E., Mar. 13. "65.
True, Jas. M., Mar. 6, '65.
Truex, William S., April 2. '65.
Tnimbull, M.M., Mar. 13/65.
Turley, John A., Mar. 13, '65.
Turner, Charhs, Mar. 20, '65.
Van Antwerp, V., Feb. 13, '65.
VanBuren, D. T., Mar. 13, '65.
VanBuren, J. L., April 2, '65.
VanBuren, T. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Van Schrader, A., Mar. 13, '65.
Varney, Geo., Mar. 13, '65.
Van Petten, J. V., Mar. 13, '65.
Van Shaak, G. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Vail, Jacob G., Mar. 13, '65.
Vail, Nicholas J., Mar. 13, '65.
Vaughn, Sam'l K., Aug. 9, '65.
Vickers, David, Mar. 13, '65.
Vifquain, V., Mar. 13, "65.
Von Ble.ssingh, L., Mar. 13, '65.

314]

Richard M. Gano Led a Bri- Matthew D. Ector Led a Richard Waterhouse Led Thomas Harrison Led a
gade of Morgan's Brigade in the Army of a Brigade of Infantry Brigade in the Army of

Cavalry. Tennessee. and Cavalry. Tennessee.

Fdix IT. Robertson Led a

Brigade of Cavalry in the

Armv of Tennessee.

John C. Moore Led a Bri
gade in the Army of
the West.

John R. Baylor, Conspicuous Henry E. McCulloch, Texas
in Operations in Texas and Brigade and District

New Mexico in 1861-62. Commander.

Louis T. Wigfall, Bearer of a Flag Thomas N. Waul. Colonel of Waul's
of Truce at Fort Sumter. Texas Legion.

CONFEDERATE GENERALS

—No. 22—

TEXAS (COXTINUKD)

Jerome B. Robertson Led a Brigade in
Hood's Division.

<S?tu»rals

Von Egloffstein, F. W., Mar.

13, '65.

Von Vegesaek. K., Mar. 13, '65.
Vreeland, M. J.. Mar. 13. 'Go.
Wade. Jas. ¥., Feb. 13, '64.
Wagner. Louis, Mar. 13. 'Go.
Waite. Charles, April 2, '65.
Waite. John M.. Feb. 13. '6.5.
Wain wright. <'. S., Aug. 1, '64.
Wainwright, W. 1'., Mar. 13,

'65.

Wal.-utt. ('. F., April 9, '65.
Walker. I). S.. Mar. 13, '65.
Walk, r, F. A., Mar. 31, '65.
Walker. M. M.. Mar. 27, '65.
Walker. Samuel, Mar. 13, '65.
Walker. Thus. M.. July 5, '65.
Wallace, M. R. M.. Mar. 13,

'65.

Waogelio, Hugo. Mar. 13, '65.
Warner. I). B., Feb. 13, '65.
Ward. Durbin. Oct. 18, '65.
Wan I, Geo. II., Julv 2, '63.
Ward, Henry ('., Nov. 29, '65.
Ward, Lyniaii M., Mar. 13, '65.
Warner, A. J.. Mar. 13, '65.
Warner. Kdw. R.. April 9, '65.
Warren. L. H.. Mar. 13, '65.
Washburn, F., April 6, '65.
Washbum, G. A., Mar. 13, '65.

Wass, Ansell D., Mar. 13, '65.
Waters, L. H., June 18, '65.
Weaver, Jas. B., Mar. 13, '03.
Webber, Jules C., Mar. 13, '60.
Webber, A. W., Mar. £6, '65.
Weld, S. M., Jr., Mar. 13, '65.
Welles. Geo. K., Mar. 13, '65.
Wells. Geo. I)., Oft. 12, '64.
Wells, Henrv H., June 3, '65.
Wells, Milton, Mar. 13, '65.
Went worth, M. F., Mar. 13,

'65.

Welsh, William, Mar. 13, '65.
West, Edward W., Mar. 13, '65.
West, Francis II., Mar. 13, '65.
West, Geo. W., Dec. 2, '64.
West, Henry R., July 13, '65.
West, Robert M., April 1, '65.
Wever, Clark R., Feb. 9, '65.
Wheelock, Charles, Aug. 9, '64.
Wherry, Win. M., April 2, '65.
White,' Daniel, Mar. 13, '65.
Whitaker, E. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Whistler, J. N. G., Mar. 13, '65.
Whitlx-ck, H. N., Mar. 13, '65.
White, Carr B., Mar. 13, '65.
White, David B.. Mar. 13, '65.
White, Frank, Mar. 13, '65.
White, Frank J., Mar. 13, '65.
White, Harry. Mar. 2, '65.

Whittier, Chas. A., April 9, '65.
Whittier, F. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Whittlesey, C. H., Mar. 13, '65.
Whittlesey, E., Mar. 13, '65.
Whittlesey, H. M., Mar. 13,

'65.

Wilcox, Jas. A., Feb. 13, '65.
Wilcox, John S., Mar. 13, '65.
Wilder, John T., Aug. 7, '64.
Wildes, Thos. F., Mar. 11, '65.
Wildrick, A. ('., April 2, '65.
Wiles, G. F., Mar. 13, '65.
Wiley, Aquiln, Mar. 13, '65.
Wiley, Dun'l D., Mar. 13, '65.
Williams, A. W., Mar. 13, '65.
Williams, Jas. M., July 13, '65.
Williams, John. Mar. 13, '65.
Williams, R., Mar. 13, '65.
Williams, T. J., Sept. 22, '62.
Willian, John. April 9, '65.
Wilson, J. G., Mar. 13, '65.
Wilson, James, Mar. 13, '65.
Wilson, Lester S., Mar. 13, '65.
Wilson, Thomas, Mar. 13, '65.
Wilson, Win. T., Mar. 13, '65.
Wilson, Wm., Nov. 13, '65.
Winklor, Fred. C., June 15, '65.
Winslow, Bradley, April 2, '65.
Winslow, E. F., Dec. 12, '64.
Winslow. R. E., Mar. 13, '65.

Wise, Geo. D., Mar 13, '65.
Wisewell, M. N., Mar. 13, '65
Wister, L., Mar. 13, '65.
Witcher, John S., Mar. 13, '65
Withington, W. II., Mar. 13

'65.

Wolfo, Edw. H., Mar. 13, '65
Wood, Oliver, Mar. 13, '65.
Wood, Win. 1)., Mar. 13, '65.
Woodall, Daniel, June 15, '65.
Woodford, !S. L., May 12, '65
Woodhull, M. V. L., Mar. 1.'?

'65.

Woodward, O. S., Mar. 13, '65
Woolley, John, JVlar. 13, '65
Wormer, G. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Wright, Ed., Mar. 13, '65.
Wright, Elias, Jan. 15, '65.
Wright, John G., Mar. 13, '65
Wright, Thos. F., Mar. 13, '65
Yates, Henry, Jr., Mar. 13, '65.
Yeoman, S. B., Mar. 13, '65.
Yorke, Louis E., Mar. 13, '65
Young, S. B. M., April 9, '65
Young, Thos. L., Mar. 13, '(>5
Zahm, Louis, Mar. 13, '62.
Ziegler, Geo. M., Mar. 13, '65.
/inn, Geo., April 6, '65.
/ulick, Sam'l M., Mar. l.'J,

'65.

[316]

I). B. Harris, Colonel in the Armstead L. Long, Staff Of- John B. Floyd, in Command in William L. Jackson, Origi-

Engineer Corps; Chief En- ficer to Lee and His West Virginia in 18G1, la- nally Colonel of the

gineer at Charleston. Authorized Biographer. ter at Fort Donelson. 31st llegiment.

V * U

t

CONFEDERATE
GENERALS

No. 23
VIRGINIA

Albert G. Jenkins Led a Com- Daniel Ruggles Commanded

niand in Southwest Vir- a Division in General

ginia; Wounded at Breckin ridge's Army.
Clovd's Mountain.

Camille J. Polignac, Defender

of the Red River Country,

Leading in manv

Battles.

Montgomery D. Corse Richard L. T. Beale Henry H. Walker Led Joseph R. Anderson Thomas Jordan, Beaure-

Battled Heroically at Led a Brigade in a Virginia Brigade Led a Brigade in gard's Chief of Staff;

Five Forks and Lee's Army. in Lee's Army. Lee's Army. Later Fought for

Petersburg. "Cuba Libre."

A FULL ROSTER COMPILED FROM THE OFFICIAL RECORDS

The Confederate titles below derive authority through verification by General Marcus J. Wright, for many years in charge of
Confederate records at the United Stales War Department, Washington. Some ranks appropriate to high commands, and fully justi
fied, were never legallv confirmed. In such cases, as those of Joseph Wheeler and John B. Gordon, General Wright has followed
the strictest interpretation of the Confederate records below. As for the body of this History it has been thought best to employ the
titles most commonly used, and found in the popular reference works. The highest rank attained is given in every case together
with the date of the commission conferring such rank.

GENERALS
REGULAR

Beauregard, P. G. T.( July 21

'61.

Bragg, Braxton, April 6, '62.
Cooper, Samuel, May 16, '61.
Johnston, A. S., May 30, '61.
Johnston, J. E., July 4, '61.
Lee, Robert E., June U, '61.

GENERAL
PROVISIONAL ARMY
Smith, E. Kirby, Feb. 1!), '(it.

GENERALS
PROVISIONAL ARMY
(With Temporary Ra?ik)
Hood, John B., July 18, '64.

LIEUTENANT-GENERALS
PROVISIONAL ARMY

Buckner, S. B., Sept. 20, '64.
Ewell, Richard S., May 23, '63.
Forrest, N. B., Feb. 28, '65.
Hampton, Wade, Feb. 14, '65.
Hardee, Win. J., Oct. 10, '62.
Hill, Ambrose P., May 24, '63
Hill, Daniel H., July 11, '63.
Holmes, T. H., Oct. 13, '62.
Jackson, T. J., Oct. 10, '62.
Lee, Stephen D., June 23, '64.
Longstreet, James, Oct. 9, '62.
Pemberton, J. C., Oct. 10, '62.
Polk, Leonidas, Oct. 10, '62.
Taylor, Richard, April 8, '64.

LIEUTENANT-GENERALS

PROVISIONAL ARMY
(With Temporary Rani:)

Anderson, R. H., May 31, '64.
Early, Jubal A., May 31, '64.
Stewart, A. P., June 23, '64.

MAJOR-GENERALS
PROVISIONAL ARMY

Anderson, J. P., Feb. 17, '64.
Bate, William B., Feb. 23, '64.
Bowen, John S., May 25, '63.

Breckinridge, J. C., Apr. 14, '62

Butler, M. C., Sept. 19, '64.

Cheatham, B. F., Mar. 10, '62

Churchill, T. J., Mar. 17, '65

Crittenden, G. B., Nov. 9, '61

Cleburne, P. R., Dec. 13, '62.

Cobb, Howell, Sept. 9, '63.

Donelson, D. S., Jan. 17, '63.

Elzey, Arnold, Dec. 4, '62.

Fagan, James F., April 25, '64,

Field, Chas. W., Feb. 12, '64.

Forney, John II., Oct. 27, '62.

French, S. G., Aug. 31, '62.

Gardner, F., Dec. 13, '62.

Grimes, Bryan, Feb. la, '65.

Gordon, John B., May 14, '64.

Heth, Henry, Oct. 10, ''62.

Hindman, T. C., April 14, '62.

Hoke, Robert F., April 20, '64.

linger, Benj., Oct. 7, '61.

Johnson, B. R., May 21, '64.

Johnson, Edward, Feb. 28, '63.
Jones, David R., Oct. 11, '62.
Jones, Samuel, Mar. 10, '62.
Kemper, J. L., Sept. 19, '64.
Kershaw, J. B., May 18, '64.
Lee, Fitzhugh, Aug. 3, '63.
Lee, G. W. Custis, Oct. 20, '64.
Lee, W. H. F., Apr. 23, '64.
Loring, W. W., Feb. 17, '62.
Lovell, Mansfield, Oct. 7, '61.
McCown, John P., Mar. 10, '62.
McLaws, L., May 23, '62.
Magmder, J. B., Oct. 7, '61.
Mahone, William, July 30, '64.
Marmaduke, J. S., Mar. 17, '65.
Martin, Will T., Nov. 10, '63.
Maury, D. H., Nov. 4, '62.
Polignac, C. J., April 8, '64.
Pender, W. I)., May 27, '63.
Pickett, George E., Oct. 10, '62.
Price, Sterling, Mar. 6, '62.
Ransom, R., Jr., May 26, '63.
Rodes, Robert E., May 2, '63.
Smith, G. W., Sept. 19, '61.
Smith, Martin L., Nov. 4, '62.
Smith, William, Aug. 12, '63.
Stevenson, C. L.. Oct. 10, '62.
Stuart, J. E. B., July 25, '62.
Taylor, Richard, July 28, '62.
Trimble, Isaac R., Jan. 17, '63.
Twiggs, D. E., May 22, '61.
Van Dorn, Earl, Sept. 19, '61.
Walker, John G., Nov. 8 '62
Walker, W. H. T., May 23, '63.
Wharton, John A., Nov. 10, '63.
Wheeler, Joseph, Jan. 20, '64.
Whiting, W. H. C., Apr. 22, '63.
Withers, Jones M., April 6, '62.
Wilcox, C. M., Aug. 3, '63.

MAJOR-GENERALS

PROVISIONAL ARMY
(With Temporary Rank)
Allen, William W., Mar. 4, '65.
Brown, John C., Aug. 4, '64.
Clayton, Henry D., July 7, '64.
Lomax, L. L., Aug. 10, '64.
Ramseur, S. D., June 1, '64.
Rosser, T. L., Nov. 1, '64.
Walthall, E. C., July 6, '64.
Wright, A. R., Nov. 26, '64.
Young, P. M. B., Dec. 20, '64.

MAJOR-GENERAL

FOR SERVICE WITH VOLUN
TEER TROOPS
(With Temporary Rank)
Gilmer, J. F., Aug. 25, '63.

BRIGADIER-GENERALS

PROVISIONAL ARMY
Adams, Daniel W., May 23, '62.
Adams, John, Dec. 29, "'62.
Adams, Wirt, Sept. 25, '63.
Allen, Henry W., Aug. 19, '63.
Anderson, G. B., June 9, '62.
Anderson, J. R., Sept. 3, '61.
Anderson, S. R., July 9, '61.
Armistead, L. A., April 1, '62.
Armstrong, F. C., April 20, '63.
Anderson, G. T., Nov. 1, '62.
Archer, James J., June 3, '62.
Ashby. Turner, May 23, '62.
Baker, Alpheus, Mar. 5, '64.
Baker, L. S., July 23, '63.
Baldwin, W. E., Sept. 19, '62.
Barksdale, W., Aug. 12, '62.
Barringer, Rufus, June 1, '64.
Barton, Seth M., Mar. 11, '62.
Battle, Ciillen A., Aug. 20, '63
Beall, W. N. R., April 11, '62
Beale, R. L. T., Jan. 6, '65.
Bee, Barnard E., June 17, '61.
Bee, Hamilton P., Mar. 4, 'C2
Bell, Tyree H., Feb. 28, '65.
Benning, H. L., Jan. 17, '63.
Boggs, William R., Nov. 1, '62.
Bonham, M. L., April 23, '61.
Blanchard, A. G., Sept. 21, '61.
Buford, Abraham, Sept. 2, '62.
Branch, L. O. B., Nov. 16, '61.
Brandon, Wm. L., June 18, '64.
Bratton, John, May 6, '64.
Brevard, T. W7., Mar. 22, '65.
Bryan, Goode, Aug. 29, '63.
Cabell, Wm. A., Jan. 20, '63.
Campbell, A. W., Mar. 1, '65.
Cantey, James, Jan. 8, '63.

[318]

Capers, Ellison, Mar. 1, '65.
Carroll, Wm. II., Oct. 26, '61.
Chalmers, J. R., Feb. 13, '62.
Chestnut, J., Jr., April 23, '64.
Clark, Charles, May 22, '61.
Clark, John B., Mar. 8, '64.
Clanton, J. H., Nov. 16, '63.

Clingman, T. L., May 17, '62

Cobb, T. R. R., Nov. 1, '62.

Cockrell, F. M., July 18, '63.

Cocke, P. St. G., Oct. 21, '61.

Colston, R. E., Dec. 24, '61.

Cook, Philip, Aug. 5, '64.

Cooke, John R., Nov. 1, '62.

Cooper, D. H., May 2, '03.

Colquitt, A. H., Sept. 1, '62.

Corse, M. D., Nov. 1, '62.

Cosby, Geo. B., Jan. 20, '63.

dimming, Alfred, Oct. 29, '62.

Daniel, Junius, Sept. 1, '62.

Davidson, H. B., Aug. 18, '63.

Davis, Wm. G. M., Nov. 4, '62.

Davis, J. R., Sept. 15, '62.

Deas, Z. C., Dec. 13, '62.

De Lagnel, J. A., April 15, '62.

Deshler, James, July 28, '63.

Dibrell, Geo. G., July 26, '64.

Dockery, T. P., Aug. 10, '63.

Doles, George, Nov. 1, '62.

Drayton, T. F., Sept. 25, '61.
Duke, Basil W., Sept. 15, '64.
Duncan, J. K., Jan. 7, 62.
Echols, John, April 16, '62.
Ector, M. D., Aug. 23, '62.
Evans, C. A., May 19, '64.
Evans, Nathan G., Oct. 21, '61.
Farney, W'm. H., Feb. 15, '65.
Featherson, W. S., Mar. 4, '62.
Ferguson, S. W., July 23, '63.
Fincgan, Joseph, April 5, '62.
Fin ley, Jesse J., Nov. 16, '63.
Floyd, John B., May 23, '61.
Forney, John H., Mar. 10, '62.
Frazer, John W., May 19, '63.
Frost, Daniel M., Mar. 3, '62.
Gano, Rich. M., Mar. 17, '65.
Gardner, \Vm. M., Nov. 14, '61.

jarland, Sam., Jr., May 23, '62.

jarnett, Rich. B., Nov. 14, '61.

jarnett, Robt. S., June 6, '61.

jarrott, I. W., May 28, '63.

Jartrell, Lucius J., Aug. 22, 'C4.

jary, Martin W., May 19, '64.

jatlin, Richard C., July 8, '61.

iholson, S. J., May 6, '64.

iist, States R., Mar. 20, '62.

JIadden, A. H., Sept. 30, '61.

Godwin, Arch. C., Aug. 5, '64.

rordon, James B., Sept. 28, '63.

^ovan, Dan'l C., Dec. 29, '63.

David A. \Veisinger, DC- Gabriel C. Wharton, in the Philip St. G. Cocke, First Patrick T. Moore, in Corn-
fender of the Petersburg Shenandoah Valley Defender of Virginia, mand of Reserves De-
Crater, in 1864. in 1861. fending Richmond.

Edwin G. Lee, On Special
Service.

James 15. Terrell Led Pe-

gram's Old Brigade at

the Wilderness.

Robert H. Chilton, Lee's
Adjutant-General.

CONFEDERATE
GENERALS

No. 24
VIRGINIA

Seth M. Barton Led a George W. Randolph, Sec- William C. Wickham Fought Eppa Hunton Led a Bri-

Brigade in Lee's retary of War in Sheridan Before gade in Pickett's

Army. 1862. Richmond. Division.

(Ennfrtorat?

Gracie, Arch., Jr., Xov. 4, '63.

Gray, Henry, Mar. 17. '0.3.

(irayson, John B., Aug. 15, '01.

Green, Martin E., July 21, '62.

Green, Thomas. May 20. '63.

Greer, Elkanah, Oct. 8, '62.

Gregg, John, Aug. 29, '62

Gregg. Maxcy, Dec. 14, '61.

Griffith, Rich'.. Xov. 2. '61.

Hagood, Johnson, Julv 21/62.

Hanson. Roger \V., Dec. 13, '62.

Hank-man, W. P., Mar. 17/65.

Harris, Nat. H., Jan. 20, '64.

Harrison, J. E., Dec. 22, '64.

Hays, Harry T., July 25, '62.

Ha'tton. RolK-rt, May 23, '62.

Hawes, James M., Mar. 5, '62.

Hawthorne, A. T.. Fob, 18, '64.

Helm, Hen. H., Mar. 14. '62.

Hcbert, Louis. May 26, '62.

Hebert, Paul ()., Aug. 17, '61.

Higgins, Edward, Oct. 29, '63.

Hodge, Geo. B., Xov. 20, '63.

Hogg, Joseph L., Feb. 14, '62.

Hoke. Rok-rt F., Jan. 17, '63.

Hood, John B., Mar. 3, '62.

Huger, Benjamin. June 17, '61.

Humes, W. Y. ('., Xov. 16, '63.

Humphreys. B. G., Aug. 12, '63.

Hunton. Eppa, Aug. 9, '63.
Iverson, Alfred. Xov. 1, '62.
Jackson, Alfred E., Feb. 9, '63.
Jackson, H. R., June 4, '61.
Jackson, John K., Feb. 13, '62.
Jackson, Wm. A., Dec. 19, '64.
Jackson, Win. H., Dec. 29, '62.
Jenkins, Albert G., Aug. 5, '62.
Jenkins, Micah, July 22, '62.
Johnston, R. D., Sept. 1, '63.
Jones, John M., May 15, '63.
Jones, John R., Jim- 23, '62.
Jones, William E., Sept. 19, '62.
Jordan, Thomas, April 14, '62.
Kelly, John H.. Xov. 16, '63.
Kirk'land, W. W., Aug. 29, '63.
Lane, James H., Nov. 1, '62.
Lane, Walter P., Mar. 17, '65.
Law, Evander M., Oct. 3, '62.
Lawton, Alex. R., April 13, '61.
Ix-adlx-tter, D., Feb. 27, '62.
Lee, Edwin G., Sept. 20, '64.
Lewis, Joseph II., Sept. 30, '63.
Liddell. St. J. R., July 12, '62.
Little. Henry, April 16, '62.
Logan, T. M.. Feb. 15, '65.
Low-rev, Mark. P., Oct. 4, '63.
Lowry. Robert, Feb. 4, '65.
Lyon, Hylan B., June 14, '64.
McCausland, J., May 18, '64.
Mc( 'omb, Wm., June 30, '65.
McCulloch, H. E., Mar. 14, '62.
McCulIough, Ben., May 11, '61.
McGowan, S., Jan. 17, '63.
Mclntosh, James, Jan. 2t, '62.
McXair, Evander, Xov. 4, '62.
McRae, Daiidri.lge, Xov. 5, '62.
Mackall, Wm. W., Feb. 27, '62.
Major, James P., July 21, '63.
Maney, George, April 16, '62.
Manigault, A. M., April 26, '63.
Marshall, II., Oct. 30, '61.
Martin, James G., May 15, '62.
Maxey. S. B., Mar. 4, '62.

Mercer. Hugh W., Oct. 29, '61.

Moody, Voung M., Mar. 4, '65.

Moore, John C., May 26, '62.

Moore, P. T., Sept. 20, '64.

Morgan, John H., Dec. 11, '62.

Morgan, John T., June 6, '63.

Mouton, Alfred, April 16, '62.

Xelson, Allison, Sept. 12, '62.

Xicholls, F. T., Oct. 14, '62.

O'Xeal, Ed. A., June 6, '63.

Parsons, M. M., Nov. 5, '62.

Paxton. E. F., Xov. 1, '61.

Peck, Wm. R., Feb. 18, '65.

Pegram, John, Nov. 7, '62.

Pendleton, W. X., Mar. 26, '62.

Pen-in, Abner, Sept. 10, '63.

Perry, Ed. A., Aug. 28, '62.

Perry, Wm. F., Feb. 21/65.

Pettigrew, J. J., Feb. 26, '62.

Pettus, E. W., Sept. 18, '63.

Pike, Albert, Aug. 15, '61.

Pillow, Gideon J., July 9, '61.

Polk, Lucius E., Dec. 13, '62.

Preston. William, April 14, '62.

Pryor, Roger A., April 16, '62.

Qiiarles, Wm. A., Aug. 25, '63.

Rains, G. J., Sept. 23, '61.

Rains, James E., Xov. 4, '62.

Randolph, G. W., Feb. 12, '62.

Ransom, M. W., June 13, '63.

Reynolds, A. W., Sept. 14, '63.

Richardson, R. V., Dec. 1, '63.

Rjpley, Roswell S., Aug. 15, '61.

Roberts, Wm. P., Feb. 21, '65.

Robertson, B. H., June 9, '62.

Robertson, J. B., Xov. 1, '62.
Roddy, Philip I)., Aug. 3, '63.
Roane, John S., Nov. 20, '62.
Ross, Lawrence S., Dec. 21, '63.
Ruggles, Danid, Aug. 9, '61.
Rust, Albert. Mar. 4, '62.
Scales, Alfred M., June 3, '63.
Scott, T. M., May 10, '64.
Scurry, Wm. R., Sept. 12, '62.
Sears, Claudius W., Mar. 1, '64.
Semmes, Paul J., Mar. 11, '62.
Shelby, Joseph O., Dec. 15, '63.
Shoup, Francis A., Sept. 12, '62.
Sibley, H. H., June 17, '61.
Simms, James P., Dec. 4, '64.
Slack, William Y., April 12,'C2.
Slaughter, J. E., Mar. 8, '62.
Smith, James A., Sept. 30, '63.
Smith, Preston, Oct. 27, '62.
Smith, Wm. D., Mar. 7, '62.
Stafford, Leroy A., Oct. 8, '63.
Starke, Peter B., Nov. 4, '64.
Starke, Wm. E., Aug. 6, '62.
Steele, William, Sept. 12, '62.
Sterling, A. M. W., Jan. 7, '62.
Steuart, Geo. H., Mar. 6, '62.
Stevens, C. II., Jan. 20, '64.
Stovall, M. A., April 23, '63.
Stralil, Otho P., July 28, '63.
Taliafcrro, Wm. B., Mar. 4, '62.
Tappan, James C., Nov. 5, '62.
Taylor, T. H., Nov. 4, '62.
Thomas, Allen, Feb. 4, '64.
Thomas, Ed. L., Nov. 1, '62.
Toombs, Rol>ert, July 19, '61.
Tilghman, Lloyd, Oct. 18, '61.
Tracy, Edward D., Aug. 16, '62.
Trapier, James H., Oct. 21, '61.

Tucker, Wm. F., Mar. 1, '64.

Tyler, Robert C., Feb. 23, '64.

Vance, Robert B , Mar. 4, '63.

Vaughn, A. J., Jr., Nov. 18, '63.

Vaughn, J. C., Sept. 22, '62.

Villepigue, J. B., Mar. 13, '62.

Walker, H. H., July 1, '63.

AValker, James A., May 15, '63.

Walker, Leroy P., Sept. 17, '61.

Walker, L. M., April 11, '62.

Walker, Wm. S., Oct. 30, '62.

Waterhouse, R., Mar. 17, '65.
Watie, Stand, May 6, '64.
Waul, Thomas N., Sept. 18, '63.
Wayne, Henry C., Dec. 16, '61.
Weisiger, D. A., July 30, '64.
Wharton, G. C., July 8, '63.
Whitfield, John W., May 9, '63.
Wickham, W. C., Sept. 1, '63.
AVigfall, Louis T., Oct. 2, '61.
Williams, John S., April 16,'62.
Wilson, C, C,, Nov. 16, '63.
Winder, Chas. S., Mar. 1, '62.
Winder, John H., June 21, '61.
Wise, Henry A., June 5, '61.
Woffard, Wm. T., Jan. 17, '63.
Wood, S. A. M., Jan. 7, '62.
Wright, Marcus J., Dec. 13, '62.
Zollicoffcr, Felix K., July 9/61.

BRIGADIER-GENERALS
OF ARTILLERY

PROVISIONAL ARMY
Alexander, Ed. P., Feb. 26, '64.
Long, A. L., Sept. 21, '63.
Walker, R. L., Feb. 18, '65.

BRIG ADIER-GENE R A L

(COMMISSARY GENERAL)

PROVISIONAL ARMY
St. John, Isaac M., Feb. 16, '65.

BRIGADIER-GENERALS

( Special Appointments)

PROVISIONAL ARMY
Imboden, John D., Jan. 28, '63.
Johnson, Adam R., June 1, '64.

BRIGADIER-GENERALS

(Special)

PROVISIONAL ARMY
Benton, Samuel, July 26, '64.
Chambliss, J. R., Jr., Dec. 19,

'63.

Chilton, R. II., Oct. 20, '62.
Connor, James, June 1, '64.
Elliott, S., Jr., May 24, '64.
Fry, Birkett D., May 24, '64.
Gibson, R. L., Jan. 11, '64.
Goggin, James M., Dec. 4, '64.
Gorgas, Josiah, Nov. 10, '64.
Granberry, H. B., Feb. 29, '64.
Hodge, Geo. B., Aug. 2, '64.
Leventhorpe, C., Feb. 3, '65.
McRae, William, Nov. 4, '64.
Northrop, L. B., Nov. 26, '64.
Page, Richard L., Mar. 1, '64.
Payne, Wm. H., Nov. 1, '64.

Posey, Carnot, Nov. 1, '62.
Preston, John S., June 10, '64.
Reynolds, D. H., Mar. 5, '64.
Stevens, W. II., Aug. 28, '64.
Terry, William, May 19, '64.

BRIGADIER-GEXERALS

PROVISIONAL ARMY
(With Temporary Rank)
Anderson, R. II., July 26, '64.
Barry, John D., Aug. 3, '64.
Brantly, Wm. F , July 26, '64.
Browne, Wm. M., Nov. 11, '64.
Bullock, Robert, Nov. 29, '64.
Carter, John C., July 7, '64.
Cox, William R., May 31. '64.
Dubose, I). M., Xov. 16, '64.
Dunnovant, John, Aug. 22, '64.
Girardey, V. J. B., July 30, '64.
Gordon, Geo. W., Aug. 15, '64
Harrison, T., Jan. 14. '65.
Hill, Benjamin J., Nov. 30, '64.
Holtzclaw, J. T.. July 7, '64.
Johnson, B. T., June 28, '64.
Johnson, G. D., July 26, '64.
Kennedy, J. D., Dec. 22, '64.
Lewis, Wm. G., May 31, '64.
Lilley, Robt. D., May 31, '64.
Miller, William, Aug. 2, '64.
Palmer, Joseph B., Nov. 15, '64.
Robertson, F. H., July 26, '64.
Sanders, J. C. C., May 31, '64.
Sharp, Jacob H., July 26, '64.
Shelley, Chas. M., Sept. 17, '64.
Smith, T. B., July 29, '61.
Sorrel], G. Moxley, Oct. 27, '64.
Ten-ill, James B.', May 31, '64.
Terry, Wm. R., May 31, '64.
Toon, Thomas F., May 31. '64.
Wallace, Wm. II., Sept. 20, '64.
York, Zebulon, May 31, '64.
Young, Wm. H., Aug. 15, '64.

BRIGADIER-GEXERALS

FOR SERVICE WITH VOLUN
TEER TROOPS
(With Temporary Hank)
Armstrong, F. C., Jan. 20, '('3.
Dearing, James. April 29, '04.
Thomas, Bryan M., Aug. 4, '64.
The following were assigned
to duty as general officers by
Gen. E. Kirby Smith com
manding the Trans-Mississippi
Department, and served as sucli.
Green, Cnllcn.
Gordon, B. Frank.
Harrison, G. P. J.
Jackman, S. D.
Lewis, Leven M.
Maclay, Robt. P.
Munford, Thomas T.
Pearce. N. B.
Randall, Horace.

Assigned to duty as briga
dier-general by Major-Geueral
Fitzhugh Lee and served as
such though not appointed by
the President or confirmed.
Terrell, Alex. W., May 16, '65.

320 ]

Richard L. Page Commanded the Carter L. Stevenson, Active Division Henry A. Wise, Defender of liters-
Defenses of Mobile Bay. Leader in the West. burg in 1864.

CONFEDERATE GENERALS

No. 25
VIRGINIA (CONTINUED)

William Terry Led a Brigade in James E. Slaughter, Inspector-Gen
Lee's Army. eral of the Army of Tennessee.

John McCausland, Cavalry Leader in William H. Payne, Leader of the
the Shenandoah Valley. Black Horse Cavalry.

Alexander W. Reynolds Led a Bri
gade in the Army of Tennessee.

INDEX

READERS WILL BENEFIT BY A GLANCE AT THE FOLLOWING NOTE, WHICH IMPARTS
SPECIAL MEANING TO THE REFERENCES THAT FOLLOW

Much time is usually lost in referring to an Index of a work as extended and replete with statements of fact as the
PHOTOGRAPHIC HISTORY. The novel plan of these volumes, however, renders it possible for the reader to identify
the nature of each reference, simply by remembering the distinctive character of the volume in question. For convenience,
the titles of the ten volumes will now be repeated:

I. THE OPENING BATTLES

April, 18(51— July, 18(52

II. TWO YEARS OF GRIM WAR

August, 18(52— April, 1864

III. THE DECISIVE BATTLES
April, 1804- May, 1865

IV. THE CAVALRY

V. FORTS AND ARTILLERY
VI. THE NAVIES

VII. PRISONS AND HOSPITALS

VIII. SOLDIER LIFE— SECRET
SERVICE

IX. POETRY AND ELOQUENCE

X. ARMIES AND LEADERS

Each volume number constitutes a characterization in itself. Thus, under the heading "Gettysburg" the reference
to " II., 234", " clearly indicates the campaign narrative, since Volume II. is that one of the three volumes on BATTLES which covers
the period between August, 1862, and April, 1864, thus including the days of July, 1863, that witnessed the great battle.

But the further reference to Gettysburg, "IV., 238" as clearly indicates a treatment of operations of the Cavalry, since
IV. is the volume on CAVALRY. Again, the reference under this same heading, " V., 40," must indicate the treatment of the
events at Gettysburg in which a part was played by the Artillery, since V. is the ARTILLERY volume.

Thus this History's classification of Civil War matters, volume by volume, has made it possible to present in the Index
that follows a much greater number of items and references for the reader's convenience than has ever been the case pre
viously in a work of this magnitude.

GENERAL OFFICERS. Any general officer, Union or Confederate, who served in the Civil War, not to be found
in the Index that follows, can be placed as regards his full rank, name, and date of appointment by referring to the ROSTER
immediately preceding.

BOLD FACE ARABIC FIGURES INDICATE ILLUSTRATIONS. The Roman numerals indicate the number of the
volume. The Arabic figures in bold face type indicate pages on which photographs appear (text references are in ordinary Roman
type). Thus, under Pleasonton, A., "IV., 237," means that there is an illustration.

A

"A Georgia Volunteer," M. A.

Townsend, IX., 276.
"A Mos<aae," E. S. P. Ward, IX.,

144, 145, 14<>.
"A. of P.," Headquarters, mail and

newspapers, VIII., 33.
"A Second Review of the Grand

Army," F. Bret Harte, IX., 232.
"A Soldier's Grave," John Albee.

IX.. 274,
Abatis, V., 210.
Abbeville, La., VII.. 240.
Abbeville. Miss., III., 330.
Abbey, H., IX., IDS.
Abbot, H. L.: III., 18Ii; V., 51,

192.

Abbot, J. C., III., 327.
Rbercrombie, J. J.: I., 28; sons of,

VIII., 192.

Aberdeen, Ark., I., 308.
"About-Faced " Redoubt, Peters
burg, Va., V., 49.

[D— 21] 2— Ed.

Aeeakeek Creek, Va., V., 280.

"Acceptation, " M. J. Preston, IX.,
230, 2.31.

Adairsville, Ga., III., 112.

Adams, C. F.: I., 90; III., 94; V.,
247; VI., 40; VIII., 135; eulogy
on Gen. Lee by, IX., 38; oration
by, IX., 122, 133.

Adams, D. W.: III., 340; X., 273.

Adams, H. A., VI., 19, 257.

Adams, .!.: II., 288; III., 204, 340;
X., 157.

Adams, J. G. B., X., 296.

Adams, V. W., VIII., 167.

Adams, W.: III., 320; X., 277.

Adelaide, U. S. S., VI., 100.

Adrian, Mich.: Fourth Reg. or
ganized in, VIII., 73.

A. D. Vance, C. S. S., VI., 21, 123,
124.

-1. D. Vtinrr, V. S. S.. III., :«2.

"After All," W. Winter, IX., 238,
241.

Aoawam, U. S. S., VI., 315.

Age: of Northern recruits, VIII.,
190, 232; of various Federal offi
cers, VIII., 193-196.

Agnew, C. R., VII., 226.

Aigburth,H.M.S.,Vl.,lW.

Aiken, A. M., VII., 113 seq.

Aiken, IS. C., III., 342.

Aiken, revenue cutter, VI., 82.

Aiken, U. S. S., VI., 268, 310.

Aiken house, near Petersburg, Va.,
III., 197.

Aiken Landing, on James River,
Va.: VII., 102; prisoners ex
changed at, 107; exchange point
of prisoners, 109, 111, 113 seq.;
mill near, 115.

Ainsworth, F. C.: statistics of, on
Confederate prisoners, VII., 43;
(i noted, VII., 50, 208.

"Ajax," Lee's charger, IV., 300.

Alabama: secedes, I., 346.

Alabama troops:

Cavalry: First, II., 334; Fourth,
IV., 160.

Infantry: First, I., 352, 358;
Third, losses at Malvern Hill,
Va., X., 158; Fourth, I., 350; IV.,
164; Fifth, I., 350; losses at
Malvern Hill, Va., X., 158; Sixth,
I., 350; losses at Seven Pines,
Va., X., 158; Eighth, I., 88;
Ninth, VII., 147; Tenth, L, 356;
Eleventh, I., 334; losses at
Glendale, Va., X., 158; Twelfth,
losses at Fair Oaks, Va., X., 158;
Fourteenth, X., 156; Sixteenth,
I.. 356; Twenty-seventh, I., 356,
358; Fifty-first, II., 330.

Alabama, C. S. S.: III., 324; VI.,
20 'seq., 36, 38, 287, 289, 293, 294,
296. 300; officers of, 301, 302, 303,
304, 305, 306, 316, 320; IX., 340,
343, 346.

Alabama, U. S. S., III., 342.

Alabama Central Railroad, I., 213.

[323]

ALABAMA

INDEX

ARMY OF THE POTOMAC

"Alabama" Claims, VL, 122.

Alabama House, Stevenson, Ala.,
IX., 99.

Alabama River: fleet steaming up
the, in war-time, IV., 139.

Alamosa, N. Mex., near Ft. Craig,
I., 352.

Albatross, U. S. S., II., 210; VI.,
817, 318.

Albee, J., IX., 274, 275.

Albemarle, C. S. S., III., 318, 33S;
VI., 38, 87, 199, 203, 290, 320,
322.

Albemarle Sound, N. C., VI., 95,
115,263,268,312.

"Albert Sidney Johnston," K. B.
Sherwood, IX., 92.

Alcorn, Lieut., I., 23; III., 177, 17S.

Alcott, L. M., VII., 385.

Alden, J., L, 227, 229; VI., 189;
190, 310.

Aldie, Va., II., 336; Confederate
cavalrymen captured at, VII.,
169.

Alexander the Great, I., 124, 129.

Alexander, B. S., V., 250.

Alexander, E. P., II., 346; V., 61;
V., 72; VIII., 313, 318, 340.

Alexander, G. W., VII., 199; IX.,
346.

Alexander, J. W., VII., 139.

Alexandria, La.: L, 74, 77; rapid i at,
I., 74; III., 318; VI., 225, 227.

Alexandria, Tenn., IV., 144.

Alexandria, Va. : L, 74, 77, 148, 107,
258 seq., 346, 351; II., 39; Federal
troops in, II., 43; hay wharf at,
IV., 65, 66, 93; engines stored in,
IV., 97; Delaware Kemper's
Artillery Company, V., 60, 85, 90;
stockade in street, V., 91, 102;
VI., 27, 91, 93, 94, 96, 9S; Provost-
Marshal destroying house at,
VII., 189; Provost-Marshal's tent
at.VII., 189; Mansion House Hos
pital, VII., 233; Baptist Church
Hospital, VII., 234; ChristChurch
Hospital, VII., 234; churches
and residences used us hospitals,
VII., 234, 235; Friends' Meeting
House Hospital, VII., 234; (J race-
Church Hospital, VII., 234;
Lyceum Hall Hospital, VII., 234;
St. Paul Church Hospital, VII.,
234; Claremont General Hospital,
VII., 235; Grosvenor House Hos
pital, VII., 235; King Street Hos
pital, VII., 235; New Hallowell
Hospital, VII., 235; Prince Street
Hospital, VII., 235; convales
cent camp at, VII., 276, 279,
287; Soldiers' Rest, VII., 331;
convalescent camp at, VII., 333;
Government bakeries, VIII., 38,
88; camp of the United States
Eleventh Infantry, VIII., 222,
223; Provost- Marshal's office,
VIII., 345; IX., 75; Soldiers'
Cemetery, IX., 281; Old Christ
Church, X., 53; boyhood home of
Lee, V., 54.

Alexandria Falls, La.. VI., 320.

Alger, R. A., X., 296.

"Alien Enemies Act": arrests
under, VII., 199, 204, 210.

"All Quiet Along the Potomac,"
IX., 143.

All Saints' Parish, S. C., VI., 322.

Allan, G. H., IX., 352.

Allan, H. L., VII., 125.

Allatoona, Ga., III., 216, 218; de
fense of, VIII., 332.

Allatoona Hills, Ga., III., 114.

Allatoona Pass, Ga.: III., Ill, 112,
113, 122, 332; Federal fortifica
tion at, V., 301 .

Alldridge, Master, C. S. N., VII.,
123.

Allegheny, Pa.: V., 144; arsenal,
V., 154.

Allen, A., VI., 312.

Allen, E. J., VIII., 276.

Allen, G. H., X., 292.

Allen, W., V., 170; X., 103.

Allen, W. W., X., 255.

Allen's Farm, Va., I., 332.

Allen's farmhouse, Va., I., 323.

Allsop, Mrs., III., 65.

AIlsop Farm, Va., III., 63.

"Almond Eye," horse of B. F.
Butler. IV.'. 318.

Alpine, Ga., II., 274, 278.

Alton, Ills., prison, VII., 54 seq.,
144.

Aharado, C. S. S., VI., 119.

[2D ED.

Alvord, C. A., II., 69.

Ambulance corps: VII., 297 seq.',
N.Y. Fifty-seventh Inf., VII., 299.

Ambulances: of the Union Army
taking part in the Grand Review,
1865, VII., 11; drill in the field,
VII., 305; going to the front, VII.,
309; types of, for the transpor
tation "of wounded, VII., 310,
repair shop at Washington,
D. C., VII., 311; murderous two-
wheeled and merciful four-
wheeled, VII., 311; service,
organization of, for transporta
tion of wounded, VII., 312, 316;
train of the engineer corps, Fal-
inouth, Va., VII., 314, 315; train
at Harewood Hospital, Washing
ton, D. C., VII., 313; medi
cal supply wagons "parked,"
1864, VII., 313; at City Point,
Va., VII., 313.

Amelia, ship, VI., 122.

Amelia Court House, Va.: III., 304,
309; V., 266; Lee's army at,
VIII., 30; X., 72.

Amelia Springs, Va., III., 344; V.,
268.

America, Oldest Church in, II., 351.

American slavery, IX., 252.

American Telegraph Co., VIII.,
346.

American volunteer, as a soldier,
X., 134.

Americanism of Southern army,
VIII., 118, 123.

Ames, A.: IV., 197; with staff,
VIII., 193, 190.

Ammen, J., X., 233.

Ammunition: 1 rain of Third Divison,
IV., 217; Federal scarcity of, V.,
136; Confederate, in proportion
to Federals killed, V., 170; danger
in use of, V., 172; used in the war,
V., 172; breech-loading, V., 174;
for field artillery, V., 176; Con
federate solid shot and grape, V.,
177; for rifled cannon, V., 184;
Confederate supply of, V., 192.

Amusements in camp: VIII., 117,
124, 131.

Anacostia, U. S. S., VI., 95, 90,
97, 99, 308.

Anaridale, Va., L, 354.

Anderson, A., V., 295, 298.

Anderson, E. M., VI., 301.

Anderson, George B., X., 149.

Anderson, G. T., X., 263.

Anderson, G. W., III., 225 seq., 278,
284, 30(5, 330, 331, 332.

Anderson, G. W., Jr., VL, 241.

Anderson, J. P., L, 199, X., 261.

Anderson. J. H., X., 317.

Anderson, R.: family of, I., 85, 349;
VL, 93, 322; IX., 40, 11, 42, 43,
333; X., 14.

Anderson, R. H.: II., 07, 324, 334,
344; III., 52, 53, 08, 86, 321, 328,
346; VIII., 191; X., 247, 250.

Anderson, Robert H., X., 127, 155.

Anderson, S. R., X., 297.

Anderson, W. G., III., 340.

Anderson's Cross Roads, Tenn.,
IV., 160.

Andersonville, Ga.: III., 138; VII.,
40, 56 sey., (57, 72 stq.\ a prison
at, VII., 74, 75; statistics of pris
oners at, VII., 76, 78; rations
supplied prisoners at, VII., 80;
number of prisoners at, VII., 84
seq.; cemetery at, VII., 119; in
terior of stockade, VII., 119;
hunting roots for firewood at,
VII., 129; issuing rations in, VII.,
131; prison at, VII., 134 seq., 170
seq.; "Dead Line" at, VII., 175;
huts built up, "Dead Line" at,
VII., 177; interior of stockade at,
VII., 177; burying the dead at,
VII., 179.

Andrew, J. A., IX., 154.

Andrews, C. C., II., 343; X., 217.

Andrews, E. B., X., 23.

Andrews, G. L., X., 215.

Andrews, J. J.: VII., 21; executed
as a spy, VIII., 277.

Andrews, S., VIII., 126.

Ann, British steamer, VI., 314.

Ann Maria, British schooner, VI.,
316.

Annapolis, Md.: V., SO; naval
academy at, VL, 50, 70; camp at,
VII., 107; VIIL, 89.

Annapolis Junction, Md.: New
York Seventh arrives at, VIIL, 07.

Anthony & Co., chemists, L, 31,
42, 44; III., 170.

Antietam, Md.: L, 53, 01, 02; view
of battle field, L, 65, 132;
churches, Lutheran and Dunker,
in the battle area, II., 4; invasion
of the North, to follow II., 55;
Mumma's house at, II., 65; ar
rangement of the two armies be
fore the battle of, II., 05, 68;
"Bloody Lane," II., 69; Dunker
church, after the Federal as
sault, II., 75; Lincoln's visit
to camps around, II., 77;
results of the battle, II., 78;
moral effect of the battle of,
78, 176. 324; III., 49; IV., 87, 197,
229, 231 seq.; V., 21, 27, 35; Fed-
oral artillery at, V., 36, 01, 62, 67,
202, 232; caring for wounded,
VII., 12; wounded after, VII., 13,
219; wounded of. VII., 263; VIIL,
22; Sixth Vermont at, VIIL, 65,
99, 103, 229, 232, 236; bridge at,
IX., 141; battles of, IX., 157, 161;
Dunker Church after the battle,
IX., 189: 196; Burnside's Bridge
at, IX., 199; " Bloody Lane" at,
IX.,201; "Again the work of Hell,"
IX., 201; battlefield, IX., 241;
graves at, IX., 283; cemetery at,
IX., 283; X., 122; losses at, X.,
124, 142.

Antietam Creek: bridge over, L,
53, 64; II., 64; IV., 231; V., 232.

Apache Canon, N. Mex., L, 360.

Apalaehicola, Fla., V., 156.

Appendices: A., VII., 345; B, VII.,
346; C, VII., 347; D, VII., 349.

Appomattox, Va.: signal tower at,
L, 37; McLean house at, L, 85,
134: II., 11, 106; III., 294, 295,
316; IV., 23, 34, 50, 124, 258;
campaign, IV., 212; V., 21, 54,
306; VIIL, 73, 126, 254; IX., 112,
124, 128, 155, 243, 247, 250, 257,
322; surrender at, X., 32.

Appomattox Court House, Va.:
III., 20, 306, 312, 313, 315,
346; V., 270; IX., 127.

Appomattox Inn, Va., IX., 129.

Appomattox River, Va.: III., 297,
346; IV., 87; pontoon bridge
across, V., 239, 202, 264, 260,
270; VL, 131, 143; hospital
wharf at, VIL, 307; transport on,
VIIL, 45.

Ap-jomattox Station, Va., III., 313.

Aqueduct Bridge, Va., V., 92, 102,
227.

Aquia Creek, Va.: II., 85, 104;
V., 232, 278, 290; VL, 92, 95, 96,
97, 98, 101; Confederate batter
ies at, VL, 267, 308; VIL, 42; Pro-
v -st Marshal at, VIL, 187; sup
ply depots at, VIIL, 30; embark
ing of troops at, VIIL, 37.

Aquia Creek Landing, Va., IX. ,145.

Aragn, U. S. S., the deck of, VIIL,
45.

Arbitrary arrests: some interesting
examples of, VIL, 198, 200, 202;
less frequent in the South than
in the North, VIL, 199, 208, 210.

Archer, J. J., II., 241; IX., 223; X.,
109.

Archer, schooner, VI. , 294.

Arqo, U. S. S., VIL, 307.

Ariel, British schooner, VI. , 316.

Aries, U. S. S., III., 342.

Arkansas: enlistment on both sides,
VIIL, 103.

Arkansas troops: Confederate.

Infantry: First, L, 350; II.,
342; Third, L, 350; Fourth, L,
350, 358; Fifth, L, 350; Thir
teenth, L, 354; Fourteenth, L,
358; Fifteenth, L, 356, 358; Six
teenth, L, 358; Seventeenth, L,
358; Nineteenth, L, 358; Twenty-
first, L, 358; Twenty-second,
L, 358.

Mounted Rifles: Second, L, 358.

Arkansas, C. S. S.: L, 183 seq., 228,
368; II., 190; VL, 224, 226, 316.

Arkansas Post, Ark.: II., 206;
losses at, X., 142.

Arlington, Va.: L, 140, 1*4; cavalry
station at, IV., 323; V., 21; regi
mental bands of, VIIL, 233;
Lee's home, IX., 125; cemetery
at, IX., 281; X., 54; home of R.
E. Lee, X., 57, 59.

Arlington Heights, Va.: L, 343; II.,
54; III., 153; block house near

Aqueduct Bridge, X., 227; N V.

Seventh Inf. at, VIIL, 67, 87;

N. Y. Twelfth Inf. at, VIIL, 89,

100.

Armies of the Confederate States,
• the losses of, X., 148, 239, 242 x< q.
Armies, Confederate States:

Army of Central Kentucky, X.,
258.

Army of East Tennessee, X., 25S.

Army of Eastern Kentucky, X.,
254.

Army of the Kanawha, X., 254.

Army of Kentucky, V., 70; X.,
258.

Army of Louisiana, X., 254.

Army of Middle Tennessee, X.,
270.

Army of the Mississippi: L, 360;
IL, 160 seq.; III., 320; V., 70;
X., 260. 264, 200, 272, 276.

Army of Missouri, Xv 274.

Army of Mobile, X., 256.

Army of New Mexico, X., 254.

Army of Northern Virginia: L,
34", 82, 96, 298, 308; II., 80,
105, 100, 228, 231, 270, 322,
324, 334, 340, 342, 344, 346;
III., 27, 34, 70, 104, 188, 288,
305, 306, 308, 318, 320, 322,
324, 326, 328, 330, 338, 346;
Cavalry Corps, IV., 76 srq. :
84, 87, 92, 99, 108, 190, 253.
258, 277 seq.; V., 54, 170, 258,
306; VL, 212; VIL, 20, 72, 154,
233, 270; VIIL, 103, 107, 114,
124; Texas soldiers, VIIL, 129,
145, 103, 167, 236; losses of,
VIIL, 244, 279, 289; IX., 121,
12-1, 148, 313, 331; X., 60, 110,
246, 248, 250.

Army of the Northwest, X., 242.

Army of the Peninsula, VIIL,
37'l ; X., 242.

Army of Pensacola, X., 250.

Army of the Potomac, X., 244.

Army of the Shenandoah. X., 240.

Army, Southwestern, X., 274.

Army of Tennessee: IL, 168, 276;
IIL, 104, 130, 216, 252, 270.
318, 320, 322, 328, 330, 340,
344, 346, 348; IV., 273; V., 70;
VIL, 249, 256 seq., 284, 351;
VIIL, 32; IX., 244; X., 202,
204, 200, 208, 270.

Army of Trans-Mississippi De
partment, III., 340; X., 274.

Army of Vicksburg, IL, 326.

Army of the West. X., 270.

Army of West Tennessee, IL,

148, 324; V., 70.
Armies of the United States: the

losses of, X., 148, 164.
Armies, United States:

Army of the Cumberland: IL,
166, 273, 274, 278, 290, 294,
295, 318, 328, 340, 342, 344,
346, 350; III., 104, 106, 112,
318, 320, 322, 326; IV., 254,
263; VIL, 37; medical directors
of, VIL, 216, 338; VIIL, 32;
IX., 99; X., 170. 172 srq.

Army of the Frontier: II., 326;
X.', 184.

Army of Georgia: IIL, 222, 346;
X., 162, 177, 182.

Army of the Gulf, X., 180, 236.

Army of the James: IIL, 14 set/..
17, 87, 181, 280, 320, 324, 340;
IV., 253, 329; X., 178.

Army of Kansas, IL, 324.

Army of the Mississippi: L, 302;
IL, 144, 324; X., 174. 177.

Army of the Mountain Depart
ment, X., 184.

Army of Ohio: cavalry of, L, 209,
300, 362; IL, 144, 326. 344,
340; IIL, 106, 31S, 320, 320,
346; VIIL, 32; X., 170, 172
xeq., 174.

Army of the Potomac: L, 34
.seq.; types of men of, before
Chancellorsville, Va.,L, 58, 59,
63 seq., 159, 284, 298, 326,
330, 332, 338, 300, 300; IL,

20, 24. 40, 46, 56, 80, 82,
104, 106, 107, 114, 124, 232,
238, 240, 270, 296, 322, 324,
334, 342, 344, 346; IIL, 14, 17,

21, 29, 34, 72, 82, 104, 153,
180, 207, 280, 302, 318, 320,
322, 324, 330, 340, 344, 346;
IV., 4, 31 seq., 39 seq., 45, 50
seq., 97, 99, 101, 118, 120, 122,
126; cavalry corps, IV., 137,

[3*4]

\RMY OF THE POTOMAC

INDEX

BATTEHY McALOON

Lrmy of the Potomac, II.,

Continued.

189 seq., 195, 203, 220,
223, 224, 233, 2-10, 242,
243, 258, 265, 299 seq., 324,
332 seq.; V., 22 seq., 2fj seq.;
artillery of 18(54, V., 50, 94,
22S, 250; VII., 87, 216, 219,
233, 270; ambulance corps of,
VII., 2i)7 «<•<;., 306; supplies for,
VII., 307 seq.; VIII., 19, 22
seq. ; supplies of, VIII., 30;
post office of, VIII., 33, 49;
transportation by water, VlII.,
50, 59; Sixth Vermont with,
VIII., 05; New York Seventy-
first Infantry with, VIII., 09,
80, 92; cook's with, VIII., 200;
commissary headquarters of,
VIII., 213, 202; scouts and
guides of, VIII., 267, 271 seq.,
281, 319, 353 seq., 364; IX.,
61 63, 69, 7S, 133, 144, 185,
351; X., 166, 168.
Army of the Shenandoah: III.,
IS" seq., 150, 107; IV., 256;
Sixth Vermont with, VIII., 65;
X., 177, 184.

Army of the Southwest, X., 176.

Arrnv of the Tennessee: II., 144,

292, 340; III., 19, 106, 134,

222, 318, 322, 326, 342, 345;

VII., 310; X., 108.

Army of Virginia: II., 18, 20, 40,

320, 322; IV., 324; V., 32 seq.;

VIII., 201; X., 174.

Army of West Tennessee: II., 148.

Army of Western Tennessee, I.,

360.

Army of West Virginia: III., 152,
322, 324, 320, 32S; X., 177, 178.
Lrmies, Veteran, VIII., 221.
trmistead, L., X., 151.
LrmUtea:!, L. A., brigade, I., 360;

II., 261, 202,263, 324.
Armories, Federal, V., 120.
Lrmorv of Louisiana militia com
pany, VIII., 143.
Lrrnory Square Hospital: Wash
ington, D. C., VII., 291, 293.
Irms, variety of, VIII., 82.
Lrms and ammunition, American

superiority of, V., 142.
Lrms and equipment of Southern

army, VIII., 128, 130, 140.
'Arms blanche" (saber), or the
rifle, a debated question in cav
alry equipment, IX., 18, 19.
Lrmstead, Western photographer,

IV., 145.

Irmstead, G., II., 151.
Armstrong, F. C., II., 322, 324, 348;

X., 259.

Irmstrong, R. F., VI., 301.
Armstrong Run, Va., bridge across,

I., 121.

krmy balloons, VIII., 309 seq.
'Army Bre.id," VIII., 39.
Lrmy Corps. .See Corps,
krrr.y, East and West, VIII., 104.
irmy: photography, outfit and
working of, I., 33, 35, 37, 39;
Medical Museum, Washington,
D. C., VII., 223, 348; medical offi
cers, multiplicity of the duties of,
VII., 216; surgeon, VII., 218-236;
importance of efforts of, in war,
VII., 218; instruments furnished
by government to, VII., 232, 23;»;
mail wagon, VIII., 35; with hos
pital transports, VIII., 43.
irmy Tug 4, U. S. S., VI., 21J1.
irmy Tug 5, U. S. S., VI., 261.
Arnold, L. C., X., 219.
Arnold, Mayor of Savannah, IH.,237.
Vrnold, R..IV..59; V.,20se<3.; X.,305.
Vrnnld, S., VII., 205.
\rwslook, V. S. S., L, 304; VI., 314.
Vrrowsmith, C., II., 118; IX., 03.
Vrsenals: Confederate, utilized by
Federal authorities, V., 150, 156.
\rsenals: United States, V., 120,

1211, 144; capacity of, V., 146.
iVrthur, C. A., V., 97.
\rthnrs Swamp, Va., III., 332.
pLrticles of Surrender, I., 81.
Artillery ammunition, V., 170.
Artillery caissons, V., 140.
vrtillery, chief of, V., 22, seq.
Artillery, Confederate States: young
artillerists of the Confederacy,
1803, L, 107; reserve, II., 324,
328; V., 50, seq.; composition of,
V.,50-00; transportation of,V., 62;
criticism of, V., 60; reserve, V., 66;

[2i> ED.]

reorganization of, V., 68 seq. ; in
Bragg's army, V., 70; popularity
of, in the South, VIII., 127, 150;
in Department of North Caro
lina, V., 70.

Artillery, United States: II., 17;
V., 13, 18, seq.; guns in position,
V., 13, 24, seq. ; organization of,
V., 22, seq. ; at Cedar Mountain,
V., 34, seq. ; heavy guns.V., 35, 52,
140; at Second Manassas, Va., V.,
36; at Shiloh, Tenn., V., 44; at
Petersburg, Va., V., 45, 54; British
criticism, V., 54; Sherman's
march, V., 50; at Fort Pulaski,
Ga., V., 147; First Wisconsin,
VIII., 248; First Ohio, VIII., 249.

Asboth, A. S., I., 358.

Asboth, A.,X.,217.

Ashbrook, Lieut., attempt to burn
New York City, VIII., 302.

Ashby, T.: I., 352; IV., 76, 77, 98,
192, 104, 106, 108, 170, 172,
174, 177, seq.; X., 149.

"Ashby," J. R. Thompson, IX., 84.

Ashby's Gap, Va., III., 326.

Ashhurst, surgeon, VII., 226.

Ashland, Va., III., 82, 320, 322.

Ashley Station, Ark., III., 330.

Aspern, losses at, X., 140.

Assistant Quartermaster's office,
VIII., 38.

Assistant surgeons: in the Union
Army who became famous in
after life, VII., 223.

Ast->r House. New York, X., 15,

Atchafalaya River, La., VI., 320.

Athens, Ala., III., 332.

Athens, Mo., I., 350.

Atkins, T., V., 29.

Atlanta, Ga.: I., 33; Peach Tree
Street in. I., 56, 57, 94, 128, 129,
130; II., 313, 314; III., 11, 10, 32,
99-135; trenches before, III., 99;
Potter House, ruins of, III., 127;
pickets before, III., 129; Union
and Confederate losses, III., 134;
Fort D, III., 136; Fort No. 7,
III., 136; train of refugees ready
to leave, III., 212; railroad de
pot, III., 213; ruins of railroad
depot at, III., 214; ruins of
bank at, III., 215; Union en
gineers, orders to destroy pub
lic buildings and public property
only, at, III., 215; ruins of,
IIL, 221; Ezra Church, III., 328,
33.). 345,347; IV., 241; V., 50,
100; arsenal at, V., 170; Fort
N.O. 9, V., 173; Chevaux de Frise
at, V., 197; picket fences to stop
Sherman's attack, V., 199; Sher
man's defenses before, V., 201,
210, 302; forts at, VIII., 25;
campaign Federal food supply,
VIII., 52; march to, VIII., 207,
210 seq.; Union pickets before,
VIII., 215; making preparations
for the march, VIII., 217; wagon
trains leaving, VIII., 217; sol
diers resting at, VIII., 219, 240,
252,259,340, 306; bomb-proofs at,
VIII., 253; IX., 166; destruction
of industries in, IX., 323; march
from. IX., 109, 171; capture of,
IX., 170; ruins in, IX., 323; X., 92.

Atlanta campaign, III., 99, 104, 217;
X., 90.

Atlanta, C. S. S. II., 330; VI., 75,
171, 272, 318; officers of, VII.,
123, 139.

Atlanta, U. S. S., VI., 38.

Atlanta Constitution, IX., 31, 36, 304,
332

Atlanta and West Point R. R., III.,
330.

Atlantic and Western Railroad,
II., 274.

Atlantic Monthli/, IX, 23, 33.

Atlee, Va., III., 82.

Atzerodt, Ga., VII., 205.
Auburn, Ga., III., 326.

Auburn, Va.: Castle Murry at, IV.,
92,243; band before headquarters,
VIII.,, 235; Pleasonton's head
quarters, VIII., 235.
Augur, C. C., II., 320; III., 140;

X., 193; 230.

Augusta, Ga.: V., 150, 150, 102, 164,
166; powder mills and arsenal, at
V., 170; Confederate powder
works at, V., 183; ordnance
works at, statistics of output,
V., 189, 302; VIII., 70, 133;
Clinch Rifles at, VIII., 139.

Augusta, Ark., II., 350.

Augusta, U. S. S., II., 330; VI., 314.

Auslinty, W. J., L, 241.

Austerlitz, losses at, X., 140.

Austin, E. F., X., 2.

Austin, pilot, VII., 139.

Austin, Ark., II., 342.

"Autocrat of the Breakfast Table,"

O. W. Holmes, IX., 33.
Avary, M. L., Recollections of A.

H. Stephens, VI., 28.
"Avengers," VIII., 91.
Averell, W. D., cavalry, III., 324,

326, 332.
Averell, W.W., I., 341; with staff, I.,

339; III., 148, 150; IV., 233, 244.
Averell's raid in Western Virginia,

II., 342, in Southwestern Virginia,

II., 348.

Avery House, I., 32, 34.
Averysboro, N C., III., 248, 344.
Ayres, R, B., X., 221.

B

Babcock, J. C., VIII., 4, 263, 265.
Babcock, O. E., I., 81; V., 1S7; IX.,
113.

Babin, O., VIII., 169.

Bache, A. D., VI., 100, 115; VII.,
330.

Bache, G. D., VI., 149.

Bache, G. M., VI., 221.

Bachelor Creek, N. C., II., 348.

Bachman, W. K., L, 103; IV., 232,
234.

Bachman, W. K. Mrs., I., 14.

Back River, Va., VI., 308.

Bacon, C., VII., 226.

Bacon, G., VI., 57.

Bacon Creek, Ky., II., 328; IV.,
148, 156.

Badeau, A., IX., 113, 1 19; X., 49.

Bagby, A. P., X., 313.

Bahama, C. S. S., VI., 301.

Bahia, Brazil, Bay of S..n Salva
dor, VI., 322.

Bailey, G. T., I., 295.

Bailey, J., I., 74, 76, 77; wonderful
dam built by, I., 78, 79; VI.,
227, 230, 231, 234.

Bailey, J. E., VIII., 289.

Bailey, T., I., 227, 232; VI., 51, 120,
190, 198.

Bainbridge, U. S. S., VI., 320.

Baird, A., II., 306; IX., 115.

Baker, E. D., L, 354; VIII., 102.

Baker, L. C., IV., 200, 202, 329;
VIII., 2^-0, 282.

Baker, L. S., X., 281.

Baker's Creek, Miss., I., 191.

Balaklava, Crimea, Russia, II., 81.

Baldwin, B. G., V., 170.

Baldwin, W. E., X., 275.

"Baldy," horse of Gen'l Meade,
IV., '295, 312.

Ballantyne, W., VII., 17.

Balloon "Bryan," VIII., 371.

Balloon "Constitution," Fair Oaks,
Va., VIII., 375; 3SO.

Balloon "Intrepid." Fair Oaks,
Va., VIII., 375, 37X seq., 379.

Balloon "Washington," Mechanics-
ville, Va., VIII., 378.

Balloon Camp, Gaines Hill, Va.,
VIII., 373.

Balloons, Army: VIII., 369, 371,
373, 375, 377, 381.

Ball's Bluff, Va.: L, 352; V., 132;
VII., 162, 163;VIIL, 102, 104, 340.

Ball's Cross Roads, Va., I., 350.

Baltic, U. S. S., VI., 93.

Baltimore, Mrl.: Mass. Sixth Inf. at
tacked In, L, 06; II., 64; VI.,
158; riots, VlL, 198; spies escane
from, VIII., 26; newspapers, VIII.,
33; mob fights Sixth Mass. Inf.,
VIII., 63; secession emblems
openly worn on street, VIII., 70;
Sixth Mass. Inf. battling through
streets of, VIII., 72, 282, 288.

Baltimore, U. S. S., VI., 135, 30S.

Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, V., 94.

Baltimore Turnnike, Md., V., 94.

Bancroft, G., VI., 41, 67.

Bands: VIII., 92; in Confederate
army, VIII., 109, 122; of First
Indiana Heavy art., VIII., 197,
233, 235; (see also "Music,"
"Drummer bovs," "Buglers.")

Bangor, Me., VIL, 194.

Bangs, G. II., VIII., 263..

Bankhead, J. P., VI., 316.

Banks, N. P.: I., 74, 121, 302, 303,
304, 306, 307, 310, 304, 365; II.,

14, 20, 22, 26, 28, 32, 208, 213,
216, 224, 220, 320, 332, 340, 352;
III., 25, 32; IV., 102, 135, 200;
V., 26, seq., 228; VI., 227, 229,
234; VII., 245; VIII., 128; IX., 87;
X., 177, ISO.

Banks's Ford, Va., II., 128.

Bannon, D., VII., 318.

Baptist Church, Alexandria, Va.,
VII., 234.

Barbee's Cross Roads, Va., II., 326.

Barber's Place, Fla., II., 350.

Harbour sand batteries, Pensacola,
Fla., VIII., 121.

Barboursville, Ky., L, 352.

Bardstown, Ky., IV., 150, 152.

Barksdale, W.', X., 151.

Barker, A. S., II., 167.

Barlow, F. C.: II., 72, 237; III.,
87, 201; X., 192.

Barlow, J. W.. I., 287.

Barnard, G. M., government pho
tographer, I., 33, 42.

Barnard, J. G.: III., 157; V., 100,
195, 230, 231; VI., 100, 115;X.,49.

Barnes, J.: L, 10, 226; II., 7, 10,
234,255, 324; III., 12, 350; VI.,
236; VII., 63.

Barnes, J. K., VII., 52, 77, 149,
224, 348.

Barnes, J. S., VI., 127.

Barnett, Mr., X., 19.

Harriett's Ford, Va., Ill,, 30.

Barney, J. N., VI., 102.

Barns, J., IV., 329.

Barnum, II. A., X., 221.

Baron de Kalb, U. S. S. 'formerly the
St. Louis), I., 187, 223; VI., 318;
IX., 271.

Barrancas Fort, Fla. (sec also Fort
Barrancas), I., 4, 8i».

Barren Fork, Ind. Ter., II., 34S.

Barrett, F. H., IIL, 346.

Barringer, R., X., 281.

Barron, S., VI., 102.

Barry, J. D., X., 281.

Barry, Col. of Miss. Ninth Inf., L,
97.

Barry, W. F., L, 117; V., 22 seq.; X.,
91.

Bart, C., VIII., 363.

Bartholow, R., VIL, 226.

Bartlett, J. J., X., 221.

Hartlctt. W. F., X., 213.

Bartlett's Mills, Va., II., 340.

Barton, Clara, VIL, 339.

Barton, R., VIII., 120.

Barton, S. M., X., 319.

Bartow, F. S., X., 147.

"Bastion Fort." II., 215.

Bat, U S. S., III., 183; VI., 124.

Bate, W. B., II., 308; IIL, 340;
VIL, 264, 200; X., 127.

Bates, D., headquarters, Brandy
Station, Va., VIL, 309.

Bates, D. H., VIIL, 109, 342, 346,
seq., 301.

Bates, E., X., 12.

Bath, Va., L, 356.

"Bathing in stream," VIIL, 209.

Baton Rouge, La.: L, 25, 31, 42,
44, 93, 183, 231, 233, 307; II.,
9, 129, 133, 134, 135, 136, ISO,
190, 19S, 208, 210, 250, 320, 332;
Federal camps at. II., 132; IV.,
117, 130, 132, 133, 135, 179; V.,
156, 100: VI., 202, 204, 226, 316;
VIL, 117; Federal wounded at,
VIL, 263; VIIL, 47, 70: Wiscon
sin First Light Art.. VIIL, 248;
ruins in. VIIL, 297; Indiana
First Heavy Art., VIIL, 399;
Arsenal grounds at, 299; camp
in front of Methodist Church,
VIIL, 301; camp near penitenti
ary, 301; arsenal, IX., 246 seq.;
barracks, IX., 285.

Batteries: Confederate distribu
tion — 1862; V., 04 seq.

Batteries, U. S., number of, V., 26

Battery Bee, S. C., II., 332.

Battery Brooke, Va., IIL, 96; V.,
315.

Battery Brown, S. C.: V., 110; on
2d parallel against Battery Wag
ner, S. C., V., 113.

Battery Buchanan, VI., 250.

Battery Chat field, S. C., V., 110,
117.

Battery Dantzler, Va.: L, 119; IIL,
93, 97; V., 243; VI., 131, 145, 315.

Battery Gregg, S. C., IX., 51.

Battery Hays, S. C., V., 112.

Battery McAloon, Tenn., II., 295.

[325]

rvnw BOWIE

BATTERY MAGRIDEII

.> •}?<•>. TtofopU- W Vfl III 342 ning at Pensacola, VI., 19; steam

Battery M«ruder. Yorktown. Va., 23« wj,, 362: II.. 38. 142 332 g^er J W Va, HI , 33(}; ^ ^ Ry ,e

V 179. Ill, '.H , Vir ";• ono v v.i ii'"» -794 WR effectiveness of, in 1S61-2, VI., 26;

Batted Meade S. C, Parrotf. 324 .42, V ,0, 209. V M U. --£ **• m _ 59; ^ f gn , yi,33; final com-

nil ii" in. V., 115. 61. W, HI'. -'"• •.;-.',. VTT XI 207' pleteness of, VI., 34; completed

B.% X,.m»-r 1. Yorktown. Va.. 26 , 262; VI 124 2,2. VII £ 207 y ^ ^ Ff> j^-

VIII., -117. ,V y.1., Vv ,^ i-i 4< V> Mo Bevil's Bridge, Va., V., 264, 266. value of vessels raptured or de-

Battery Number 4. Va. . I, to?. 29 . .£,2 IX ,4 43 , 4 J. Jo. . J.>, " K^ gtroyed by, VI., 40; viewed from

Battery Powell, Corinth, Mi».. II., 3.»2; X., 4, f41, -44. Bickf'ord W 1! I., 19. dramatic standpoint, VI., 40; first

154." Beauregard Fort. < . (see a No gj^i, nJ IX III., 338; X., M»- Confederate vessel to run, VI.,

Battorv Reno. S. C, V , 112. rortBeauregard,s£.),I,3o4 3o7. gdweU^U. U , ill- • ?. m thp p()t(miac yl «,2 lm.

Battery Reynolds. S.C..V,110, 113. Heaver. . . A X ,. Ml. crossing I , «11. strengthened by rapture of Fort

, Kot.mett. Connth. Mi*... k. * ''•• «- -J-b- Hi ' iV.v mi Fla I., 91. Royal, VI, 104,1 10 «eg.; squadron

II.. 140. 145, 153. n™ver ( reek Md IV., V>. gayou, ^M , , commanders of, VI, 120,125,126,

Battery ilodgcrs. Va.. V.. So. 102. Beaver ggjggfc V., I, 324. Q Big Beaver C.reek, ^, ^, ^ 200 Confederate

181. i Vr-T VT ir< 104 attempts to raise, VI., 272, 273;

Battery ROKMWM, a C.: V.. 110, , F. (^ l.. . vi, l M. i • n ]si) VIII., 54; responsible for Confed-

E'warjt^iai I^S&SS^S^L. 2%§g«t ;.,*;, s-^n,7111-' 136; run-

B££*^%«|«B. Va., BeeJJ. E., L. 156, 157. 158; X.. 100, Big , Hi,,, Madison Co, ky., II, H.ockaje nmne^L, 8.^ softness

Ba\Ye?y Sherman. Mi^ II 197. Beech Grove Ky. (,? also Mi,. Hi, River Bridge, Mo.. I, ?^ ff^g^S^lffiJKSi

1 S"-"s' l4-^-^',1,1,1- -7'Tenn II 3»0 B I SJ - v Ga IV-V^Oti erew on, VI., 107; eonnnande.l by

sa^if^fyt ?95^- --'--"• ^ji!^s fi L'36l: sgsl^HSIi^

Bj^HWai'Bfef'lff: B£B& W. III., 331; IX.. Hi,e^, J, II., 106, 2,0; VI, 2,, VI., 115; n;,,nher of eap,ured,

II., 140. 158. ^6. 338: quoted. X., 43. efifewJ Jr II., 121. ^S; ATannel mar^s of. VI.,'^

!!;;!;Sne.^:,^:;"d:fx:rV3^-61- fe\- kfiLi*^ ? ' f i/'^ " J?R- L"w""' IX" v^iof> VL> 294; last of thp'

ifisSttL- - si>^». :f fr;"h;r:::

of tHe 1; StM-Xi: R I^m, 3S, ^^S H. THomas, ^^^g^»

II, 271: after an enKaiienient, 56, 61, 70, 9o, 134, 162; prison, IV., 314. tr O at, Maj 12, 1!M,4, ill., .>, .

"••-'•-,• VII '>S4 Bilosi, Miss., VI, 312. Confederate entrenehinents near,

BattteKroundB: Field «. Forest. BeJfe Peoria'. U. S. S., II, 163. Bird's Point, Mo (see also Charles- IH, 57,62, 66, 68; V., 27

VIII 173 Belle Plain. Va.: Ill, 33; Second ton, Mo.), I, 177, 3oO. "Bloody Lane, Antietam, Md.,

"Battle* Hvmn of the Republic," N. Y. and First Mass, at, V., 53; BirdsonK Feny. Miss., II., 340. II, 69, <2.

J. W. Howe, IX.. 17, 20, 122, upper wharf, erected by engineer Birge. H \\ .. X, 197. B oomery Gap., Va., I, 356.

1>4 lr>'i n« corps V.,236; Benham's Wharf at. Birney, D. B.: II, .)!, ?37; III, BloomSeld, Va., II,, 326.

"Battle in' the clouds." description V, 236; Confederate prisoners at, 76, 90, 20S. 321 :X, 187, 212, 290. Blounts Farm Ala II, 332.

>f II 3l»-> :JM 30J VII, 41, 154, 155; T. S. sanitary Birney, \\ ., X, 219. Blountsville, Ala., VII, 14o.

Battle losses. Confederate and commission supply wagons at, Bisjand, La., II, 332. Blountsville, Tenn II, 344.

Union in the Civil War, X., 142. VII, 327; hospital tents at, VII, "Bivouac in MoClellan's Army, Blue adopted by the Federals, VIII,

Battles: of the Civil War, number 333. IX, 135. 95.

fouuht in the States, I, 104; Belle Plain Camp, Va., Confederate "Bivouac on a Mountainside, Blue and the Gray, F. M. Finch,

Kuropean losses in, X, 140; how prisoners at, Vll, 39 seq. Walt Whitman, IX, 132. IX, 138, 273.

they begin VIII, KiS-172. Belle Plain Landing, Va.: IV, 40 Bixley, (!. H.. II, 193. "Blue Coats are over the Border,

B-iut/en lo^<-< at X, 140. seq.. 41, 42; VIII, 47, 55; ar- Black, J., VII, 125. A. E. Blaekmar, IX, 343.

Ballev Mrs C V VII, 200. rival of wagon trains, VIII, 55. Black, .1. C., X, 201, 290 Blue Mills, -Mo., I, 350, 352.

B-IXI.T !).• W C. X, 125. Bellows, H. W., VII, 68, 73, 328, Black, W. : youngest soldier w;:und- Blue Ridge, ^a., II, 42.

Baxter, H.. X, 215. 330. ed, IX, «7. Blue Ridge Mountains, \ a., II,

Baxt.-r .1 H., VII, 224. Belmont, Mo., I, 351; X, 44. Black, Judge, VIII, 294. 26, 57, 106.

Bayard C I)., II, 25, (X), 32S. X, Hcnr<:t, I'. S. S., VI, 22S, 229. "Black Burns," horse of G. B. Me- Blue Springs, Tenn.. II, 344.

i37. Benevolent Society of Tenn., VII, Ck-llan, IV, 3')4. Blum, R. A., VIII, 167.

Bavlor J. R.. I, 350; X, 315. 247. Black Hawk War of 1S32, VII, Blunt, J. G., 111,338; X, 175, 184.

Bavonet drill of the Fortieth Mass. Benham. H. W., V, 236, 242, 244. 347; IX, 93. Boag, T. G., VII, 4.

inf. VIII, 1H3. Benham's Wharf, Belle Plain, Va., "Black Horse Cavalry," IV, 30, Bobot, A, VII, 130.

Bayne, T. L, V, 170 V.,236. S3. Bodiso, M., Sec. Russian Legation,

Bayou Cache,. Ark, L, 368. Benicia, Cal, V, 144; arsenal at, V, Blackburn's Ford, Va.: I, 151, VI, 25.

Bayou de Glaize or Calhnun Sta- 1.54. 153, 163, 2S5, 34S; Federal en- Boers, I, 84.

lion. La, III, 320. Benjamin, J. P., V, 58; VII, 29, campment at, II, 21, 324. Boggs, C. S, VI, 10S.

Bayou de View, Ark. (seealso Bayou 36, 210; X, 13. Rlarkhnu-k, \' . S. S., VI, 37, 147, Boggs, W. R, X, 265.

Cache, Ark.), I, 368. Benjamin, M, V, 86. 225, 322. Bohlen, H., II, 322; X, 135.

Bayou Metoe, Ark., II, 342. Bcnneau, F. W, VII, 133. Blackie, G. S., VII, 242. Boland, Maj., C. S. A., VII, 123.

Bayou Teeher, La., II, 330; VI, Bennett, A. G., Ill, 246. Blaekmar, A. K, IX, 343. Bolivar, Tenn., II, 148, 322.

316. Bennett, F. M, VI, 306. Blaekmar, W. W, X, 296. Bolivar, Va, III, 326.

Rauoit City, C. S. S., II, 330; VI, Bennett, J. G, yacht of, VI, 181. Blackville, S. C, III, 342. Bolivar Heights, Va., I, 352; II,

310. Bennett House, Durham Station, Blackwnter, Mo. (see also Milford, 60, 325.

Beacon Island, N. C., VI, 10 J, 310. N. C, III, 247. Mo, and Shawnee Mound, Mo.), Bolton, Miss, II, 340.

Benl, G. L, X, 209. Bennett's Mills, Mo, I, 350. 1,354. Bolton depot, Miss., II, 340.

Beale, R. L. T, X, 317. Benr.ing, H. L, X, 127. Blackwater River, Va, VI, 316. Bomb-proofs: entrenchments, VIII,

Bealington, W. Va. (aee alsj Laurel Bennings Bridge, Md, V, 96. Blackwood, G, VIII, 115. 253; near Atlanta. Ga., VIII,

Hill). I, 348. Benson, B, VII, 79. 151; escape of, Blackwood, Dr.. VII, 216. 253; before Petersburg, Va,

Beall, -I. Y, VIII, 208. from Elmira prison, VII, 147 #/ar/,-»vW.s Magazine, I, 90. VIII, 253.

Brail. W. \. R, II, 213; VII, 174; geq.\ X, 2. Blacqu" Bey, X, 4. Bond, F. S, X, 19.

X, 259. Benson, H, I, 287. Blair, C. W, III, 117. Bonham, M. L, X, 283.

Bealt.in, Va.: officers' quarters a\ Benton, S, X, 155. Blair, F. P, Jr.: 1,358 seo.; II, 185; Bonita, ship, VI, 122.

VIII, 201: military information Benton, W. P, X, 203. Ill, US, 132, 345; VIII, 102; Booker, T, IV, 166.

bureau headquarters, VIII, 2B4, Kentim, V. S. S, I, 221, 222, 362; X, 224. Booneville, Mo, I, 352, 353.

265. 366; VI, 150, 214, 220, 222, 316. Blair, .1, I, 14. Booneville, Miss, I, 364, 367, 368.

Bean Station, Tenn, II, 34S; III, Bentonville, Ark, 1,358. Blair, M, X, 12. Boonsboro, Ark, II, 326.

Bentonville, N. C, III, 344. Blair's Landing, La, II, 352. Boonsboro, Md, I, 53; II, 340;

'Beanpole and cornstalk bridge," Berdari, H, X, 223. Blair's Plantation La VI, 320. IV, 88.

V, 272. Berlin, Md.: pontoon bridg" at, II, Blaine, .1. G, IX, 292. Booth, J. W.: VII, 203, 207; flight,

Beard's Bluff, Ala, VI, 233. 56; view of Potomac from, II, Blake, G. A. II., IV, 47. capture and death of, VII, 205;

Beath. R. B, X, 296. 266; bridge at, IV, 77 seq. Blake, II. C, VI, 316. VIII, 26, 363. 366; IX, 128, 338.

Beatty, 'Tinker Dave," VIII, 275. Bermuda Hundred, Va.: 1,49, 119; Blake's Mill, Ga, IV, 332. Borodino, losses at, X, 140.

Beatty, .L. X, 235. Ill, ,X4, 91, 95, 188, 190, 320, Blakely guns, V, 56, 120. Boston, R., IV, 86, 88.

Beatty, S, X, H9. 322, 330, 338; V, 243, 315; VI, Blanchard, A. G, X, 271. Boston Mountains. Ark, II, 326.

Beaufort, .: VI, 182, 246; 130, 315; "f 'row's Nest" signal Bledsoe's batterv, Confederate, I, Bottom's Bridge, Va.: I, 286, 294;

Provost-Marshal at, IX, 174 xn/. tower at, VIII, 331; negro team- 350 352 356 "358 IV , 126

Beaufort, S C'.: I 35, 42; III, 244; sters at, IX, 181. Blemiel, Father, VII, 272. Botts, J. M.: opposition of, to se-

VL, 310; Union hospital at, VII, Berry, H. G, IX, 59, 79; X, 131. Blenheim losses at X, 140 cession, VII, 195; mansion of,

Berryville, Va, III, 330; IV, 194. Blenker, L, I, 162, 309; V, 292. in Culpeper Co, Va, VII, 195;

.: L, 356; VI, 146, Berryville Pike, Va, III, 328. Blennerhasset Island, O, II, 340. and his family, VII, 197.

Bertenatti, M, Italian Minister, Block houses: on Nashville & Bounty-jumping, VIII, 280, 282.

Beauregard I G. 1 .: I, 34, 36, 90, VI, 25. Chattanooga R. R, IV, 149; gar- Bowdi'tch, H. I, VII, 226.

95. 138, 140 «eo.;th2 Southerner Bertholet. surgeon, VII, 318. risoned against Wheeler's eav- Bowen, ,1. S.: I, 360; II, 214; 334,

of th* hour in 1861. 1, 143, 146 Berwick Bay, La, VI, 318. -dry IV 151 X ^79

IP' 'JS »'</." 1?°' Bethel Church, Va., Ill, 67. Blockade: I, 8»; the early inade- Bowers, T. S.: Ill, 81; VIII, 359;

i/3!'B ££' BethesdaChurCh,Va, 111,80, 84; quaey of, VI, 14; Confederate X, 49.

IV, 210, 211. hope ()f nusinKi vi., i-,; begill. Bowie, G. W, X, 195.

[2D ED ]

BOWLING GRKEN

INDEX

CAMPS

Bowling Green, Ky.,L, 182,190,211.

"Boxes for the soldiers," in 180.5,
VII., 321.

Boxes ready for the boys at the
front, VIL, 322.

"Boy generals," VIII., 193, 190.

"Boy musicians," VIII., 189, 192,
237.

"Boy soldier," Confedeiaie, VIII.,
383.

Boyd, Belle, VIII., 289, 291.

Boyd, D. F., I., 105.

Boydton, Va., III., 344.

Boyle, J., II., 32(1.

Boyle, J. T., X., 21)7.

Boynton, H. Van N., X., 235.

Boys: already veterans, VIII., 179;
who made Rood soldiers, VIII.,
189; of the War Hays, VIII., 190;
in the Federal army, VIII., 190-
196, 232.

Bozant, J., VII., 125.

Braokett, G. A.: I., 14; III., 159.

Bradd&ck, K., IX., 22S.

Bradford, V. S. S., VI., 82.

Bradley, Amy, VII., 287.

Bradley, L. P.: III., 340: X., 125.

Brady,' A. G., VII., 63.

Brady, M. B.: with Gen'l Burnside
in the field, I., 21, 2.5, 20, 27 seq.,
31, 34, 35, 30, 38 seq., 39, 40 seq.,
42, 44, 48, 50, .52, 58, GO, 64, 70;
II., 151; at Gulp's Hill, Gettys
burg, Pa., II., 257; photograph,
V., 195; cartoon of, by Thomas
Nast, VIII., 2; under fire in the
works before Petersburg, Va.,
VIII., 15, 16, 17; outfit, VIII.,
25, 31; IX., 121, 123.

Brady -Gardner, collection, I., 14;
Civil War negatives, I., 1.8.

Brady photographs and their his
tory, I., 52.

Brady's road outfit, VIII., 27.

Brady's "What Is It" wagon, I.,
39, 46.

Brady, T. J., III., 170, 170, 177, 178.

Bragg, B.: I., 97, 132, 178, 194, 190,
200, 201, 204, 208, 211, 3GO;
II., 64, 146, 102, 160, 174, 178,
270, 272, 281, 290, 294, 318, 324,
326, 330, 338. 340, 342, 344, 346;
III., 24, 30, 105,225. 344; IV., 144,
147, 153, 1.55, 156. 158, 160, 175;
V., 57, 70, 206, 292; VI., 30 ;
VII., 114; VIII., 18, 157, 196,
206, 238, 290, 292, 325,362; IX.,
99, 101; X., 160, 243, 262.

Bragg, K. S., X., 309.

liraaa, C. S. S. (see also General
Brawi, C. S. S.),L,237, 246.

Braina.-d, C., VIL, 17.

Bramhal!, W. M., I., 270.

Brunch, L. O., II., 324.

Branch, L. O. B., X., 149.

Brandon, W. L., X., 277.

Brandy Station, Va.: L, 47; II.,
330, 342; III., 29; deserted head
quarters at, III., 35; cavalry
quartermaster's office at, IV.,
51; Pa. Eighteenth Cav. at, IV.,
54; Federal supply wagons near,
IV., 101, 106, 145,' 197, 224, 226,
228, 238, 239, 332; field hospital
at, VIL, 267; ambulances at Cap
tain Bates's headquarters, VIL,
309; U. S. sanitary commission
quarters at, VIL,' 335; VIIL,
39, 50, 124; headquarters of G.
H. Sharpe, VIIL, 279; camp of
the Perma. One Hundred and
Fourteenth Inf., XIIL, 224; tel
egraphers and photographers,
VIIL, 847, 353; EL, 351.
Brannan, J. M.: II., 282; VI., 316;

X., 187, 210.

Brant House, Va., Michler cot
tage at, V., 249.
Brantly, W. F., X., 275.
Brashear City, La.: II., 336; VL,

320.
Brat ton, J., X., 285.

"Brave Boys Are They," H. C.

Work, IX'., 344.

Brazilian Government, VL, 294.
Brazilian warship, VL, 33.
Bread weighing, VIIL, 49.
Breastworks: function of, V., 210.
Breckinridge, J. C.: L, 132, 196,
200, 208, 235, 360, 367: II., 132,
170, 172, 178, 194, 210, 276, 282,
306, 320; III., 84, 140, 289, 320,
322, 326, 332, 338, 340, 342; IV.,
144; V., 46; VL, 226; VIIL, 297;
X., 251, 270.

[2o ED.]

Hreen, H. B., X., 2.

Breese, H. K., VL, 257.

Brent, J. L., X., 4.

Brentwood, Tenn.. II., 332.

Brevarrl, T. W., X., 261.

Brice's Cross roads, Guntown,

Miss., III., 324.
Brickell, W., New Orleans, La.,

VIL, 246.

Bridgeford, D. B., X., 103.
Bridgeport, Ala.: L, 362; II.,
177, 269, 272, 274, 275, 290, 290.
IV., 102; bridge at, V., 295.
Bridgeport, Miss., II., 191.
Bridgeport, Tenn., VL, 233.
Bridges: across Armstrong Run,
Va., L, 121; building and repair
ing by the construction corps an
important element in warfare,
II., 104, 105; trestle, four-tier,
completed in 1803, II., 317;
' 'bridge building while you waU,"
V., 231; pontoon acr.isx James
River, Va., V., 236.
Brigham, J. A., VIL, 207.
Brinks, U. S. S., L, 350.
Bristoe campaign, IV., 92, 96, 100.
Bristoo Station, Va : II., 41, 344,
345; III., 30; railroad destroyed
at by Jackson. IV., 93; railroad
destroyed at, IV., 99, 200; trains
destroyed at, V., 283; VIIL, 350.
Britannia, C. S. S., VL, 123
Britannia, U. S. S., III., 312.
British troops and the Boers, L,

84.

Britton's Lane, Tenn., II., 322.
Broad Run, Va., IV., 95.
Broadway Landing, Va. : III., 94;
V., 139; ordnance at, V., 143;
pontoon bridge at, V., 239.
Broady, O. A., III., 201.
Brock Road, Va., III., 40, 53, 54.
Brogden, II. H., VIL, 20.
Bromley, K., L, 14.
Brook Run, Va., V., 320.
Brook turnpike, Va., V., 320.
Brooke, J. M.: VL, 82, 137, 140,

144, 1.54, 155.
Brooke, J. H., X., 303.
Brooke, W P., VL, 31)1.
"Brooke rifle," V., 157.
Brookhaven, Miss., IV., 131.
Brooklyn, U. S. S.: L, 227, 234;
III., 342; VL, 19, 24, 48, 111,
116, 190, 191, 198, 244, 247, 252,
308; IX., 107.
' 'Brooklyn Phalanx" (sr>e also N. Y.

Sixty-seventh Inf.), VIIL, 82.
Brooks, P., IX., 301.
Brooks, T. B., V., 114.
Brooks, W. II., IV., 274.
Brooks, W. T. H., X., 187, 212.
Bross, J. A., III., 202.
"Brother Jonathan's Lament for
Sister Caroline," O. W. Holmes,
IX., 33, 40, 44.
Broun, L., V., 106, 170.
Broun, T. I,., IV., 29.8.
Brown, E. B.: II., 330; X., 217.
Brown, G. W., VL, 223.
Brown. I. N.: II., 190, 342; VL,

224.

Brown, J.: II., 00, 231, 241, 242,
323; V., 58; at Harper's Ferry,
Md., VIIL, 111, 138; X., 58.
Brown, J. C.: II., 288, 320; III.,

340; X., 295.
Brown, J. T., II., 340.
Brown, R., VL, 113.
Brown, R. B., X., 296.
Brown, S. B., III., 344.
Brown, W. M., X., 263.
Brown, U. S. S., VL, 228.
"Brown Roan," horse of Gen'l Lee,

IV., 300.

Browne, E. H., VIL, 123.
Browne, J. C., L, 14.
Browne, J. H., VIL, 88, 138, 146.
Brownell, Katey ("Kady"), IX.,

68, 69, 71.
Brownes Cross Roads, Ga., III.,

338.
Brown's cavalry, Confederate, L,

350.
Brown's Ferry, Tenn., II., 292, 298,

300.

Brown's Gap., Va., III., 158.
Brownsville, Ark., II., 342.
Brownsville, Miss., II., 344.
Brownsville, Palmetto Branch, near

Tex., III., 346.
Bruinsburg, La., II., 214.
Brunswick, Ga., IV., 77.
Brunswick, Mo., L, 350.

Bryan, G., X., 263.

Bryan, II., V., 121.

Bryan, J. R, , balloon trips of, at
Yorktown, Va., VIIL, 371.

Bryan, P., VIIL, 289.

Bryan, Mayor of Baton Rouge, L,
233.

Bryant, D., IX., 347.

Bryant, H., VIL, 226.

Bryant, N. C., L, 225.

Bryson, A., VL, 179.

Buchanan, F.: L, 358; IV., 139;
VL, 144, 154, 157, 168, 182, 249,
252, 2.54.

Buchanan, J., L, 184; VL, 24.

Buchanan, M., VL, 157.

Buchanan, R. C., X., 311.

Buchanan, T. McK.: II., 330; VL,
316.

Buck, D., IX., 30.

Buck, E. W., VIL, 226.

Buckhannon, W. Va. (s™ als > Mid
dle Creek Fork), L, 348.

Buckingham, C. P.: II., 50; X.,
235.

Buckland, R. P., X., 233.

Buekland, Va., IV., 90.

Biu'kland Mills, Va., II., 344.

Buckner, S. B.: L, 18, 184, 187,
190 seq., 191, 192, 307, II., 276,
278, 320, 344; VIL, 214; X.,
•> ( <( 25S

Buell.'n. C.: L, 95, 118, 180, 203,
206, 208, 211, 212, 213, 300, 363;
II., 144, 166; VIL, 114; VIIL,
206, 277; X., 40, 172, 173.

Buena Vista, Mex.: L, 196; II., 242.

Buffalo, N. Y., mustering a regi
ment, VIIL, 74.

Buffalo Mountain, W. Va. (s^e also
Camp Allegheny, W. Va.), L,
354.

Buford, A., X., 269.

Buford, E. S., IV., 288.

Buford, J.: II., 322, 340, 342; IV.,
24, 118, 230, 235, 262, 267, 272,
274.

Buford, N. B.: VL, 218; X., 207.

"Bugler in Confederate Camp,"
VIIL, 137.

Buist, J. R., Nashville, Tenn., VIL,
246.

"Bull-Dogs" (see also Forty-first
N. Y., Company C), II., 49.

Bull Pasture, Va., battle at, L, 362.

Bull Hun, Va.: L, 23, 28, 31, 35, 30,
37, 39, 95, 122, 132, 137 seq..
138, 139, 140, 142 srq., 145, 147,
148, 151, 153, 155, 157, 165, 192,
196, 208, 214, 254, 285, 348; II., 9,
21, 33, 35, 39, 43, 48, 51, 52, 104,
105, 322; III., 315; headquarters
of Beauregard at, III., 314; IV.,
32, 50, 52, 77, 200, 202; V., 18,
19, 21, 27, 38, 58, 86, 92, 98, 290,
300, 301; VL, 68; Union prison
ers from, VIL, 4, 32, 157, 169;
Mrs. Spinner's house used as hos
pital, VIL, 257; VIIL, 25, 61,
62, 73, 78, 86, 87, 89, 91, 104;
Federal pickets near, VIIL, 215;
276, 340; IX., 09, 78, 81, 143, 265,
286, 313; X., 104; losses at, X.,
142; first battle of, X., 156.

Bull Hun, Va. : photographers before
the second battle, at, L, 37; sec
ond battle at Manassas, II., 47;
soldiers and battlefield of, II., 48;
feelings of North and South after,
II., 54; IX., 157, 205, 345; X.,
62.

Bull Run Monument: dedication
of, IX., 263, 265, 266.

Bull Hun Mountains, Va., II., 44.

Bulloch, G. W., II., 69.

Bulloch, J. D., VL, 20, 32, 75, 86,
88, 290, 299.

Bullo.-k, J. P., VL, 301.

Bullock, R., X., 261.

Bulls Gap. Tenn., III., 338.

Bunnell, J., VIIL, 354.

Burbridge, S. G.: III., 322, 324; X.,
207.

Burbridge's Infantry, Confederate,
L, 350.

Burdett, S. S., X., 296.

Burial of soldiers during the war,

IX., 241.

Burke, J. T.: L, 14; VIL, 4, 25, 59.
Burke, M., VIL, 56.

Burkesville, Ky., IV., 154, 156, 175.
Burnett, H. L., VIL, 209.

Burnett House, Cold Harbor, Va.,

IV., 245.
Burnham, H.: II., 123; X., 139.

Burning of New York attempted,
VIIL, 300, 352.

Burns, A. F., L, 19.

Burns, John: IX., 206, 209, 211.

"John Burns of Gettysburg," by F.
Bret Harte, IX., 200, 209.

Burnside, A. E.: with photographer
Brady, L, 21; at Fredericksburg
Heights, Va., L, 27, 36, 44,
64, 113, 116, 120, 150, 156,
157; succeeds McClellan in com
mand of army, II., 57, 66, 68, 73,
75, 80, 82, 83, 85, 90, 97, 98, 100,
122, 271, 276, 298, 324, 328, 338,
346; III., 34, 38, 39, 42, 47, 54,
62, 67, 72, S3, 84, 86, 90, 195, 318,
IV., 56. 159, 160, 164, 231; corps,
V., 290, 294; VL, 168, 312; VIL,
150, 202, 204; VIIL, 4, 60, 61;
and staff, VIIL, 61, 78, 9.5, 204,
208, 246, 321, 323, 326, 345; IX.,
69, 71, 148, 161, 315; X., 166,
169, 296.

Burnside's Bridge, Md., II., 71, 74.

Burroughs, W. B., quoted, VIIL, 290.

Burton, C. G., X., 296.

Burton, J. H., V., 164, 170.

Bushnell, C. S., VL, 169.

Business side of war-making The,
VIIL, 42.

Bussey, C., X., 205.

"Busy with good works for the
soldiers," VIL, 342.

Butler, A. P., IX., 301.

Butler, B. F.: signal tower of, at
Cobbs Hill, L, 37, 49, 119, 234-
II., 30, 136, 205, 209; III., 15, 25,
32, 78, 84, 87, 89, 92, 95, 96, 182,
190, 320, 324; IV., 110, 124, 203,
262; V., 163, 243, 267, 315- VL,
44, 100, 115, 188, 204, 216, 240,
257,265,310, 312, 315, 320- VIL,
101 sug., 110, 116, 118, 160, 176;
VIIL, 297, 363, 368; IX., 181;
X., 175, 180.

Butler, M. C.: III., 338; IV., 113;
X., 284.

Butler, a Mosby Ranger, IV., 166.

Butler Camp, 111. (see also Camp
Butler, III.), L, 174, 175.

Butterfield, D.: II.. 328; III., 110-
IV., 305 seq.; X., 161, 198.

Buzzard Roost, Ga.: II., 350; III.,
107, 318; V., 208.

Byers, S.H.M., IX., 166, 169,170,171.

Byrne, W., VIL, 125.

C

Cabell, W. L., X., 257.

Cabot, S., VIL, 133.

Cadle, C., Jr., L, 353.

Cadwalader, G. C., VIL, 194.

Cahaba, Ala., prison at, VIL, 60.

Cahill, T. W., II., 133.

Cairo, 111.: I., 176, 177, 179, 181,

197, 215, 220, 22.5, 363; II.,

139; forwarding recruits at, II.,

182; VL, 186, 212, 213; naval

station at, VL, 215; VIL, 319;

flood at, VIIL, 211.
Cairo, Mo., basisof supplies, VIIL, 32.
Cairo, U. S. S.: L, 225 seg., 243, 300;

II., 200; VL, 214, 221, 200, 310.
Caldwell, A. H.: VIIL, 34f> sea.,
^ 350, 361, 363, 364.
Caldwell, C. H. B.: L, 232- VL,

190, 196.

Caldwell, G. H., II., 69.
Caldwell, J., VIIL, 363, 366.
Caldwell, J. C., II., 69.
Caleb dishing, revenue cutter, VI. ,

291.

Calef, J. H., IV., 230.
Calhoun, J. C., unveiling statue of,

IX., 36.

Calhoun, U. S. S., II., 330.
California enlistment, VIIL, 102.
Cambridge, Mass., return of the

Mass. Sixteenth Inf., IX., 261.
Camden, Ark., II., 3.52.
Camden, N. C.: L, 362.
Cameron, R. A., X., 203.
Cameron, S.: IV., 52; V., 130; VIL,

30, 98, 192; VIIL, 84, 345.
"Cameron Dragoons," Pa. Fifth

Cav., IV., 253.
Cammock, J., VIIL, 281.
Camps:

Camp Allegheny, W. Va.. L, 354.

Camp Anderson, VIIL, 89.

Camp Asylum, Columbia, S. C.,
VIL. 44.

Camp Butler, near Springfield,
111., L, 175; VIL, 44, 68.

[327]

CAMPS

Camps — Continued.

Camp Cameron. Va., VIII., 0.
CampCa.ss,Va.,I.,343: VIII., 101.
Camp Chase. Columbus, Ohio,

VII., 44. OX, 105, 108.
Camp Creek, W. Va.. I., 302.
Camp Defiance, 111.. I., 17..
Camp Douglas, Chicago. II!.:
VII , 22, 4t. OS. 73, 14S. I.i9;
VIII., 62, 2'is. 304; IX., 157.
Camp Fisk, Vicksburg, Miss., I.,

108 .-../.

Camp Ford. Texas: VII., 40, 49.

51; prison at, VII., 72, 90, 130.

Camp Grace, Hempstead, Texas:

prison at. VII., 40. 72, S>0.
Camp Griffin, near Washington,
D. C.: IX., 13H, 155; Sixth
Vermont ai, DC., 347.
Camp Jackson. St. Louis, Mo.: L,
172, 173,316, 353, 307; VII., 30.
Camp James, Washington, D. ('.,

I., 167.

Camp Jameson. VIII., 59.
Camp Louisiana, L, 95.
Camp Lawton, Millen, Ga.:
prison at, VII., 44, 72, S4, SO.
•'Camp Misery," Alexandria,

Va., VII., 287.
Camp Moore, La., Confederate

troops at. VIII., 169.
Camp Morion, hid.: IV., 214;

VII., 44, 04. 71.

Camp Nelson. Ky.: engineers in,

V., 251; convalescent camp at,

VII., 214, 215; mule chute,

VIII., 41; work shops, corrals,

and reservoir, VIIL, 41.

Camp Northumberland, Wash-

ington, D. C., Ninety-sixth

Penna. Infantry drilling at, I.,

169.

Camp Parole, Annapolis, Md.,

VII., 108.

Camp Scott, Stiten Island, N.V.:
Seventy-first Inf., organized at,
VIIL, 07; IX., 78.
Cam)) Sprague, Washington, D.

C.. I., 141.

Camp Stoneman, Washington,
D. C.: band headquarters at,
VIIL, 233.
Camp Sumter, Anderson, Ga.:

prison at. VII., 44, 72.
Camp Washington, S.C., III., 171.
Camp Winfield Scott, Va., I., 259.
Camp Yates. III., I., 175.
Camp life. L, 51.
Camp-making. VIIL, 187.
Campscenes,VIII.,224,225;IX.,13l.
"Campaigning with Grant," by

H. Porter, IX., 1X2.
Campaigns: first of the gr«'at, from
Bull Run to Appom ittox, Va.,I.,
137 *«,.; plans of, VIII., 50.
Campbell, A., VIIL, 113.
Campbell, Arch., VIIL, 111.
Campbell. A. W., X., 297.
Campbell. C. T., X., 293.
Campbell, L. A., II., 320.
Campbell. W. B., X., 305.
Campbell's cavalry, Confederate,

L, 3.50.

Campbell Station, Tenn., II., 340.
Campbellville. Term., III., 33S.
Campbellsville, Ky.. IV., 156.
Campti, La., II., 352.
Canada: as base of Confederate
military, political and economic
operations, VIIL, 290-304.
Canal, built by the Federals on the
James River, and its unsuccessful
end, HI., 90.
Canhy, E. R. S.: III., 340; IV., 273;

VI.', 258, 270; IX., 240; X., 1S2.
Candy. C., X., 89.
Cane Hill, Ark., II., 320.
Cane River, La., II., 352.
Cane River Crossing, X.C., II., 130.
C'anister, use of, V., 42.
Cannon, .1. W., VI., 267.
Cannon: manufacture of, V., 120;
rifled, V., 13(5 »eq.\ the lack of
iron for manufacture of small
arms, V., 134; sea-coast, V., 145;
smooth-bore, V., 150; Confeder
ate imported, manufactured,
adopted and invented, V., 157;
foundry of the South. VIIL, I3'J.
C'lnonirus, I". S. S.: III., 340; VI.,

131,285.

Cantey, .L. X., 255.
Canton, Miss., II., 340, 344.
Cantwell, J. T., VII., 63.
Cape Charle", Va., VI., 266.

[2u ED.]

INDEX

Cape Fear River, N. C.: VL, 01,

104, 238, 257, -73, 322.
Cape Girardeau, Mo., II., 332.
Cape Hatteras, N. C.: VI., 100, 14(5.

179, 310.

Cape Henry. Va., VL, 114, 200.
Cape Lookout, N. C., VL, 104, 124.
Capehart, H., X., 311.
Capers. E.. X., 285.
Caperton's Ferry, Ala.: II., 17, : IX.,

Ca'pron, A. B., VIIL, 327.
"Carabines a tige," VIIL, 82.
Carbines:forcavalry,V., 136, 144,170.

Card playing. VIIL, 241.

Cardenas, Cuba. VI. , 291.

Carev, an orderly. VII., 135.

Carleton. J. H., X., 195.

Carlin, W. P.: II., 304; and staff,
II., 169.

Carlisle. J. H., V., 20 xeq.

Carlisle, Pa., defense of, IX., 37.

Carlisle Barracks, Pa., IV., 2.

Carmichael, R. B., VII., 198.

Carnegie. A., VIIL, 340; X., 21.

Carnifex Ferry, W. Va., L, 350.

Carnot, L. N." M., I., 254.

Carondelet, Mo., L, 185, 216.

Carontltlft, I". S. S.: I., 182 seq., 185,
1X7,217, 219, 222, 223, 224se</.,23X,
350, 302. 300,308; II., 190; VI.,85,
14S, 211, 214, 215, 224, 312, 31(5.

Carr, E. A., II., 334; X., 175, 170.

Carr, J. B., X., 125.

Carrick's Ford, W. Va., L, 348.

Carrington, H. B.. X., 311.

Carroll, S. S., II., 320; X., 199.

Carroll, W. H.. X., 299.

Ciirrollton, Ga., IV.. 1 10.

Carson, C. (" Kit " Carson), X., 221.

Cartel: VIL, 98; difficulties in the
application of the, VIL, 104, 100,
108; of 1802, provisions of, VIL,
112- for exchange, adoption of,
July 22, 1802, VIL, 100, 100;
for exchange, suspension of, May
25, 1X03, VIL, 160; lack of clear
ness in the supplementary articles
of, cause of trouble, VIL, 112, 114,
1 10; of July 22, VIL, 345; of July
22, 1802, VIL, 345, Appendix A.

Carter, Anne II.. X., 52.

Carter, J. C., III., 340; X., 299.

Carter, S. P., III., 344; X., 305.

Carter, a western photographer, IV.,
145.

Carters Station, Tenn., II., 32S.

Carthage, Mo., L, 348.

Cartridges: small arms, V., 16(5;
origin of, V., 172.

Carver Hospital, Washington,
IX C., VIL, 275.

Cary, Mrs. A., VIL, 290.

Casamajor, G. II.: L, 10; VIIL, 9,
260; X., 2.

Case, F. F., VIL, 125.

Caseo, V. S. S., VI. , 177.

Casey, S.:L, 288,289, 293,324;IX., 59.

CasS; T., L, 343.

Cass, U. S. S., VL, 82.

Cassville, Ga., III., Ill, 112, 320.

Castle Godwin, Richmond, Va.,
VIL, 40.

Castle Murray, near Auburn, Va.,
IV., 243.

Castle Pinckney, Charleston Har
bor, S. C.: L, 89, 165; Zouave
Cadets at, III., 171; III., 172;
big gun in, V., 181; VIL, 4, 27,

38, 127: VIL, 25, 54 xeq.; union
prisoners, VIL, 27, 157; Charles
ton Zouave Cadets at, VIL, 59.

Castle Thunder, prison, Petersburg,

Va., VIL, 87, 89.
Castle Thunder, Richmond, Va.,

VIL, 199.
Casualties: in European battles, X.,

140; in Union armies, X., 142, 144,

14S; in Confederate armies, X.,

142, 144, 148.

Cat Harpin Run, Va., L, 155.
Catlett's Station, Va.: II., 34, 3S,

39. 42; IV., 89, 92; railroad de
stroyed at, IV., 90,91; Orange &
Alexandria R. R. at, IV., 90; rail
road bridge near, IV., 118.

Catliri, I. S., IV., 22.

Catoosa Springs, Ga., VIL, 2(50.

Catskitt,\].8.S.: II.,332;VI.,128 173.

Catterson, R. F., X., 203.

Cavalry:

United States: volunteer, IV.,

4; evolution of the American, IV.,

3-38; brief descriptions of, IV.,

14; of the Civil War, its evolution

and influence, IV., 17; importance
of, not realized at the beginning of
I he war, IV., 10 38; American,
IV., 13 xeq.. 17 xrq., 19; history of,
from pre-revolutionary days to
the end of the Civil War, IV., 18
seq ; reorganization of regular, by
Congress in 1X33 and 1830, IV.,
22- regular, the first I mted
States, short history of. IV., 23;
Depot, Gilesboro, D. C'., IV., 33;
exceptionally effective in the
Gettysburg campaign, June 1-
July'4, 1X03, IV., 32, 34; of the
war. most conspicuous instances
of (1804-1X05), IV., 34; depot of,
established in July, 1x03, IV., 33,
35; in winter quarters, IV., 36,
37; difficulties of equipping, or
ganizing and instructing, at out
break of war, IV., 48; foraging by,
usual means of obtaining sup
plies, IV., 49; its organization and
equipment, IV., 39-70; poor
showing of, in first two years of
the war, IV., 48; Northern and
Southern, efficiency of, compared,
IV., 50, 52; quarter-muster, per
petual motion of, IV., 51; volun
teer regiments, armament of, IV.,
52, 50, 58; water, necessity of, one
of the greatest obstacles in the
path of, IV., 59: improvement in,
IV., 00: volunteer, unnecessary
overburdening of, IV., 02; regular
rations of, IV., 63; mess house
for, IV., 63 seq.; numerous casual
ties among the horses of, and
causes, IV., 05; business of trans
porting hay for, IV., 65; hay de
pot of, IV., 65 x"q.; poverty of
equipment of its men and horses,
IV., (56, 07; horseshoeing shops,
IV., 68, 69, 70: 1'nion and Con
federate, efficiency of, in the
Gettysburg campaign, IV., .88,
92; destruction of railroads by,
IV., 99; mess house, Federal, at
Washington, D. C'., IV., 107 seq.;
raids of, IV., 115-140; leaving
camp, IV., 116, 117; with infan
try on provost-guard duty, IV.,
182, 183; true value appreciated
by authorities, 1X04, IV., 189;
detail guarding a wagon-train,
1802, IV., 191; brief description
of one of the companies of, IV.,
195; camp building, IV., 197;
scout, typical episode in the life
of, IV., 201; screening of the
army's movements by, IV., 203;
battles and charges, IV., 215-258;
regiment in formation, IV., 218;
losses of horses and men in a mo
mentous action of (June 27,
1X02), IV., 220, 222; action, con
spicuous (June 27, 1802), IV.,
220; the first great charge of, dur
ing the Civil War (June 27, 1802),
IV., 221; decisive actions of,
March 17 and June 9, 1S03, IV.,
224; officers, reunion of, IV., 229;
trial of strength with that of the
South. March 17. 1803. IV., 233;
formation in a hollow square, IV.,
235; western branch of the Feder
al army; important duties and
enviable reputation of, IV., 241;
usefulness arid activities of, IV.,
242, 244, 248, 250, 252; capture
of valuable supplies by, during
the valley campaign, IV., 252;
of the West, IV., 254; part of, in
the siege and taking of Rich
mond. IV., 253, 255; of the south
west, IV., 254, 250, 258; the beau
xnhreiir of, IV., 275; mounts for
all the, IV., 309; immense cost of
caring for horses of, IV., 322, 325;
depots, I'nion, equipment and
management of, IV., 328, 330,
334, 330: to guard the District of
Columbia. IV., 329.
Cavalry:

Confederate: causes of diminish
ing numbers and lack of efficiency
of. IV., 38, 42, 71 »«/.; in the East,
IV., 71, 114; leaders, IV., 72; in
its unorganized state and exploits
of, IV., 77; brilliant movement
of, under Stuart, IV., 80; raids
of, and their effect up<-n the
North, in the first two years of
the war, IV., 83; unsuccessful
raid and clever escape of, ()c-

CHAMBERLAIN

tol>r>r. 1803, IV., 92, 94, SIC.. 100.
101; rapid decline <>i, from 1X04
to end of war, IV., 10:5; plunder
ing of horses by. IV., 105; in
vasion of West Virginia by, IV.,
104. 10(i; successful raid of, to
capture I'nion cattle (Septem
ber, 1X041, IV., 110; raids of, IV.,
11."), 140; in the West, equip
ment of, during the early and
later period of the war. IV., 145;
constant blows of, to material re
sources of the North, ineffectual.
IV., 15.'5; important factor in
I'nion defeat at Chickamauga,
IV., 158, 100; necessity of guard
ing I'nion lines of communication
against attacks by. IV., 1S4, 1.S5;
almost annihilated by the cavalry
corps, end of July, 1X04, IV., 242.
Cavalry Bureau, IV., 25(1, 320, 32X,
336; VIII., 1X5.

"Cavalry Crossing a Ford," Walt

Whitman, .IX., 13-1.
Cavalry Horses: care of, test of ef-
ficency of a trooper, IV., 42; far
riers of, IV., 44, 45 ?!'</. ; camps of,
IV., 116; necessity of providing
food and shelter 'for. IV., 199;
strappings of, IV., 315; loss of,
through disease and overwork,
IV., 317: orderly with an officer's
mount, IV., 319, 337: a thousand
Federal, IV., 320, 321, 322-337;
terrible losses of, IV., 322, 324:
method of obtaining and training
for, IV., 32<i ; foot diseases the
bane of, IV., 330; in the South,
VIII., 52.

Cavalry Leaders: opinion of, in re
gard to cavalry and its military
value, IV., IS, 230, 237, 23S, 230,
200, 201, 202-2X8; North and
South, IV., 259-288; distinguished
ollicers who received the thanks
of Congress (July, 1X05), IV., 203.
Cavalry Pickets, Scouts and Cou
riers; IV., 79, 1S1-203, 193.

Cawthorn's Brigade, Confederate,
I., 350.

CnuiKj'i. I'. *• S.: I., 227, 234; VI.,
55, 190.

Cedar Creek. Va.: III., 15S, 159,
100, 104, 105, 10X, 33S; IV., 252-
203; IX., 70 8»q.; skirmish of,
IX., 217.

Cedar Keys, Fin., VI., 123.

Cedar Level, Va., regimental com
missary at, VIII., 53.

Cedar Mountains, Va.: II., 9, 13.
15, 21, 25, 2S, 27, 31, 3S, 39, 320;
V., 34 seq.; VII., 33; Confederate
hospital at. VII., 245; losses at,
X., 142, 150.

Cedar Run, Va. (see also Cedar
Mountain, Va.), II., 21, 25, 27;
railroad bridge across, IV., US,
119; VII. ,245.

Cedar Springs, Va., III., 338.

Cemetery Hill, Gettysburg. Pa.: III.,
202; IV., 234; V.,' 40: VIII., 122.

Cemetery Ridge, Gettysburg, Pa.:
I., 73; II., 231, 200: Meade's
headquarters at, II. ,2<>1: IV., 230.

Censorship: of newspapers, VIII.,
270; of telegraph lines, VIII., 340.

Central Alabama (Nashville and
Decatur R. R.), great bridge of,
I., 212, 213.

Centralia, Mo., III., 332.

Centreville, La., II., 332.

Contrcville, Va.: I., 149, 150. 102,
103 xrg.; Confederate entrench
ments at, I., 166; II., 45, 40, 51,
53; Quaker Run, at, V., 203;
stone church at, VII., 257.

Century Maqmine, IX., 37.

Ceres, V. S. S., I., 350; III., 318.

Chadwick, F. E.: I., 7, 11, SS, 89;
VI., 13, IS; historical illustra
tions within Confederate lines,
VIII., 105.

Chaffin's Bluff, Va.: I., 1 19; V., 141,
202, 201, 305, 317, 320; battery
at, V., 310.

Chaille, S. E., VII., 18, 290, 3.'i2.

Chain Bridge, Georgetown. D. C.,
V., 75, 90, 97; VIII., SS, 94, 96.

Chalk Bluff, Ark., III., 346.

Chalk Bluffs, Mo., I., 304.

Chalmers, J. R.: I., 97, 195, 201 seq.,
204, 205, 308; II., 330, 344; IV.,
34, 153, 250.

Chamberlain, .T. L., at battle of
Gettysburg, II., 253; X., 209.

[ 328 ]

CHAMBERLAIN

INDEX

COLBURN

Chamberlain. W. H., X., 2.
Chambers, A., X., 205.
Chambersburg, Pa.: III., 1-11 xrq.,

150, 161; IV., 75, Si).
Cluimbliss, .1. U., Jr.: IV., 283 seq.;

V., 322; X., 155.
Chameleon, C. S. S., VI., 29S.
Champion Hill, Miss.: II., 189, 21S,

:m, 340.

Chancellor, V., VIII., 295.

Chancellor lionse, II., 121. 124.

Chanoellorsville, Va.: artillery reg
ulars before, I., 58, 130, 167;
II., !), So, 103, 100, 113, 115,
122, 12S, 197, 229, 23S, 270, 331;
III., 3(3, 4-0, 4.'), 48; IV., 122; V.,
72, 212, 2:»4; Federal entrench
ments at, V., 212; VII., 30S, 33-i;
VIII., IS, (13, 05, 99, 230, 23.';
IX., 190: battle of, IX., 01, 03.
05, 79, 91,345; losses at, X., 142.

Chanoellorsville, Va.: campaign,
II.,9S;V.,OS,9S, 232; IX., 157,190.

Chandler, A. H., VIII., 340 xeq.

Chandler. IX T., VII., SO.

Chantilly, Va., II., 51, 52, 322; V.,
30: X.', 1 12.

Chapin, K. P., X., 137.

C'hapin, R. H., I., 28?.

Chaplains of the Ninth Army Corps,
VIII., 2>7.

Chaplin, .1. C., VI., OS.

Chaplin Hills, Ky., X., 15(5.

Chapman, J. C., VI., 97.

Chapultepec, Mex., I., 1 13.

Char-tors: three famous, that bore
a nation's destiny, IV., 291), 231.

Chariton River, Mo., II., 32,).

Charles the Hammer, I., 30.

Charles City Court House, Va.: I.,
341;III.,89; highway near,IV.,S3.

CharlosCityCross Roads, Va.,I.,306.

Charles City R >ad. Va., V., 320.

Charleston, M->., I., 350.

Charleston, S. C.: I., 35, 39, 42; Vol
unteer comn my of, I., 89, 04,
103, 107, 143;Caatle 1'inckneyat,
I., 165; Charleston Zouave Cadet*
of, I., 165, 333,349,301; II., 319,
330, 333, 335; III., 11, 40;
the uncaptured fort, III., 109,
170, 171: Zouave Cadets, III.,
171; "The Battery," III., 172,
173; after bombardment. III.,
174, 237; Mills House, III.,
329; Circular Church, III., 329;
Washington Artillery Company
of , V., 00; attack and defense at , V.,
199: Cuminings Point, V., 117;
south baitery in, V., 119; Blakely
gun. V., 12ft; wreck of Blakely
gun in, V., 12ft; fortifications of,
V., 121. 151, 154; "Floating Bat
tery," V., 155, 150, 100, 218, 254;
arsenal at. V., 170; arsenal tor
pedoes, shot and shell collected
in, V., 1S9: VI., 15, 17, 23, 24,
28, 34, 114, 110, 122, 124, 12S,
140, 173, 23S, 207, 274, 30S, 310,
312, 314, 318, 320, 322; Zouave
Cadets, VII., 4, 27, 59, 127, 147,
157; I'niori prisoners in, VII., 25,
3S, 59, SO, 122, 100; Roper Ho:i-
Dital, VII., 161; O'Connor House,
VII., 101, 103, 104 .ST.;., 174, 170,
340; threatened secession begun,
VIII., OS, 115; Washington Light
Infantry, VIII., 115, 117, 167;
McCIellan's Zouaves, company
of, VIII., 153, 335; Confederate
signal tower, VIII., 313; ruins
of, IX., 39; Circular Church
in. IX., 39; ruins of Secession
Hall, IX., 45; Cathedral of St.
John and St. Finbar, IX., 47;
war time in, IX., 49; "The City
Bides the Foe," IX., 49.; Central
Church, IX. ,51; Magnolia Ceme
tery at, IX., 274, 277; Fed
eral graves at, IX., 281; ruins
of Pinckney mansion, IX., 319,
321; fire of December, 1S01,
IX., 321; captured arms in, IX.,
333; Fort Sumter celebration,
IX., 334, 335; harbor, X., 150.

Charleston, Term., II., 348.

Charleston, W. Va.. I., 304; II., 344.

"Charleston," H. Timrod, IX., 48.

Charleston, ship, VIII., 45.

Charlottesville, Va., IV., 90, 110.

Chartres, Due de, I., 115.

Chase, S. P., I., 2S; X., 12.

Chase, W. H.: demands surrender
of Fort Pickens, Fla,, VIII., 150.

Chasseur, V. S. S., I., 350.

[2D ED.]

Chatfield, S. C., battery at, V., 110,
117.

Chattahoochee Bridge, (}:».., III.,
121.

Chattahoochee River, Ga.: III., IS,
119, 124, 130, 210, 320.

Chattahoochie Creek, bridge over,
V., 299.

Chattanooga, Tenn.: I., 94, 00, 121,
12X, 132, 130; II., 140, 100, 17s,
272, 280; headquarters of Gen.
G. H. Thomas at, II., 291;
famine threatening the Union
army before battle of, II., 204;
Federal troops in, II., 309; Union
and Confederate losses at, II.,
318, 340; III., 10, 30, 114, 214,
210, 220, 222, 253, 310; Federal
cavalry guarding, IV., 147 AT./.,
100, 241; V., 50; captured Confed
erate guns at,V., 69, 200, 208, 251,
254, 202, 298, 302; VI., 233, 231;
VII., 35, 200, 272; Confederate
prisoners at, VII., 37; Confeder
ate food supplies, reinforced,
VIII., 52, 103, 207, 208; where
Sherman's march began, VIII.,
219; troops at "Indian Mound,"
VIII., 219; Ohio First Light Art.,
VIII., 249, 252, 277, 325, 350,
358, 300; railroad near Knox-
ville, Tenn., VIII., 302; IX., 101,
115, 182, 327.

Chattanooga and Nashville Rail
road, II., 273, 274.

Chattanooga Creek, military bridge
over, II., 315.

Chattanooga River, IX., 170.

Chntt-moofja, U. S. S., II., 297, 2.-K),
310; V., 202.

Cheat, Mountain, W. Va., I., 352.

Cheat River, W. Va., IV., 104.

Cheatham, Adj.. VII., 8<.

Chcatham, B. F., II., 320; III.,
132, 134; X., 251, 264.

Cheatham, F., X., 20S.

Chesitham, W. S., I., 300.

"Cheer Boys, Cheer," K. C. Fos
ter, IX., 310.

Cheney, J. W., I., 19.

Cherbourg, France, VI., 320.

Cherokee, U. S. S., III., 342.

Cherokees, II., 287.

Chesapeake, Va., VI., 314.

Chesapeake Bay, I., 88; II., 10; V., 80.

Chesapeake Hospital, Hampton,
Va., VII., 233.

Chess game at headquarters, VIII.,
241.

Chester Gap, Va., II., 320, 31-'-
III., 28.

Chester Station, Va., III., 320.

Chesterfield, Va., IV., 120; bridge
at, IV., 127.

Chestnut, J., X., 283.

Chevaux-de-friese, Atlanta, Ga.,
defenses, V., 199.

Chew, R. P., IV., 108.

Chewa Station, Ga., III., 326.

Chew's Va. Battalion, Confederate,
I., 31)1).

Chicago, TIL, Camp Douglas: VII.,
22, 73; mustering a regiment,
VIII., 74.

Chichoster, C. E., I., 89, 165; VII.,
4, 127, 157; VIII., 147.

Chickahominy, Va.: I., 278, 2S4,
285, 286, 287, 200, 314, 315, 316,
319; bridges at, I., 320; lower
bridge, I., 321; Woodbury's
bridge, I., 321, 330; III., 82, 81,
00; place where Gen. Stuart
crossed, IV., 85 seq., 224; bridge
over, IV., 227.

Chickahominy River: bridge at, V.,
230, 310, 320; VIII., 158.

Chiekamauga, Ga.: I., 128, 132;
a Confederate victory, II., 269-
288; the bloodiest conflict in the
West, II., 272-288; position of
the two respective armies at, II.,
278; an excellent word picture of
the battle of, II., 2S2, 284; battle
field, II., 283; Union and Con
federate losses at, II., 288; one of
the most destructive battles of
the war, that of, II., 288; sub
ordinate generals of the North
and South as recipients of the
highest honors at, II., 288; Leet's
tanyard at, II., .344; III., 115;
IV., 34, 15S, 204, 254; artillery,
Federal at, V., 48; entrenchments,
Federal a*. V., 200, 208, 292:
VII., 37; VIII., 238; IX.j 00, 101,

244 seq., 327, 345; X., 122; losses
at.X., 120, 156.

Chickamauga Creek, Ga.: Lee &
Gordon's mills, at II., 270; " The
bloodiest battle-field of the Civil
War," II., 270, 271, 298, 318;
IX., 00, 101.

Chickasaw, Ala., III., 344.

Chickasaw, Miss., II., 204.

Chickasaw Bayou, Miss.: II., 184,
200, 328; VI., 221.

Chickasaw Bluffs, Miss., II., 182,
185, 202.

Chickasaw, U. S. S., VI., 247.

Chirora, C. S. S.: II., 330; VI., 124,
239, 272, 318.

Childs, J. H., I., 331.

Chilesburg, Va., IV., 124.

Chillicothe, U. S. S.: II., 330; VI.,
200, 208, 228.

Chilton, R. H., II., 50; X., 319.

Chimborazo Hospital, Richmond,
Va., VII., 243, 204, 282 seq.

Chimliom.ro, canal-boat, VII., 2S2.

Chincoteague Inlet, Va., VI., 310.

Chippewa, U. S. S.: I., 302; III., 342.

Chisolm, J. J., VII., 250.

Choctaw. V. S. S.: I., 77; II., 180,
330; VI., 207.

Choper, R., VIII., 115.

Christ Church, Alexandria, Va.,
VII., 234; X., 53.

"Christmas Night of '02," W. (!.
MeCabe, IX., 14S.

Chronological summary and record
of historical events, I., 340.

Chronology: battles and action,
I., 346-368; II., 320-352; III.,
318-340: VI., 30S-322.

Chrysler, M. H., X., 223.

Church, W. C., II., 112; X., 7, 25,
20, 32.

Church, oldest in America, II., 351;
built by engineers, VIII., 257.

Churchill', T., X., 257.

Churchill, T. J., II., 330.

Churchill's Battery, Confederate,
I., 352.

Cilley, J. P., X., 209.

Cimtirron,_ U. S. S., VI., 310.

Cincinnati, Ohio, II., 04; armv re
pair shops at, VIII., 40, 82.

"Cincinnati," horse of U. S. Grant,
IV., 201-208; X., 301.

Cincinnati, U. S. S.: I., 182 *eq.,
1H5, 222, 225, 237, 238, 350, 302;
II., 187, 222; VI., 35, S3, 85, 149,
214, 210, 220, 221, 314, 318; IX.,
271.

Cipher messages, VIII., 350.

Cist, H. M., X., 237.

Citico Creek, Tenn., II., 295.

"Citadel," at Port Hudson, II.,
215; a "Quaker gun," II., 215.

Citi/ of Memphis, U. S. hospital
boat, VII., 318, 319.

City Hospital, Richmond, Va., VII.,
243.

City Point, Va.: I., 37; Gen'l Grant's
headquarters at, I., 81, 133 .ST./.;
III., 17, 181, 182, 183, 248, 320,
328, 334; cavalry stables at, IV.,
57; V., 243, 200; camp of con
struction corps, U. S. Military
railroads at, V., 275; explosion at,
V., 187; wharves burned at, V.,
291; troops at, V., 291; VI., 114,
125, 275; VII., 00, 102, 107, 111-
221; "Bull Ring" at, VII., 185;
the Planter bringing medical
supplies to, VII., 227; General
Hospital at, VII., 281; ambu
lance trains at, VII., 313; guard
ing supplies, VIII., 21; supplies
shipped, VIII., 32; supplies,
VIII., 39, 43; loading supply
wagons, VIII., 53; N. Y. Thir
teenth Art. at, VIII., 243; secret
service headquarters at, VIII.,
283, 357, 304, 368; U. S. military
telegraph operators at, VIII.,
359, 361; Grant and staff at, IX.,
113; cemetery at, IX., 281; sol
diers' graves, IX., 281; Grant at,
X., 41.

Civil War: important battle grounds
of, I., 2; map of important en
gagements of, I., 2; Brady-Gard
ner negatives, I., 18; photo
graphic descriptions of, valuable
records, I., 32 seq.; photographic
history of, II., 1; bloodiest single
day's fighting of the, II., 4; vari
ous occupations and trades of the
soldiers of the, II., 140; end of

the greatest, in history, III., 310;
engagements of the, May, 1804-
May, 1865, IIJ., 316-346; a hope
less struggle from the point of
view of a member of the Con
federacy, IV., 204, 200; cam
paigns, compared with European
campaigns, VIII., 34, 30; its
meaning, VIII., 42; losses in bat
tle, X., 142; numbers and losses,
X., 150.

"Civil War," C.D. Shanly, IX., 202.

" Civil War Garrison," St. Augus
tine, Fla., II., 347.

Clanton, J. H., X., 253.

Clanton's Cavalry, Confederate, I.,
360.

Claremont General Hospital, Alex
andria, Va., VII., 235.

Clarence, brig., VI., 202.

Clarendon, Ark.: St. Charles River
at, III., 324; VI., 223.

Clark, A. K., VIII., 139; X., 2.

Clark, A. M., I., 297.

Clark, C., I., 300: X., 277.

Clark, F. P., X., 101.

Chirk, J. B., X., 279.

Clark, S. M. E., VII., 125.

Clark, W. A., X., 2.

Clark, W. T., X., 205.

Clark, Fort, N. C. (see also Fort
Clark, N. C.), VI., 269.

Clarke, F. N., I., 297.

Clarke, G. J., VIII., 327.

Clarke. J. F., IX., 154.

Clarke, J. W., VIII., 133.

Clarke, R., I., 287.

"Clarke's Cavalry," IV., 70.

Clark's Battery, Confederate, I.,
352, 358.

Clark's Mountain, Va., II., 40.

Clarkson, T. S., X., 200.

Clarksville, Tenn., I., 225; II., 322.

Class of 1SOO, VIII., 185.

Clay, C. C., Jr., VIII., 204.

Clayton. H. D., II., 288.

Clayton, II. De I,., II., 288; X., 253.

Clayton, P., X., 207.

Cleburne, P. R,: II., 155, 172, 282,
322, 320; III., 110, 120, 122, 340;
IV., 318; VIII., 103; X., 145,264.

Clergymen among (he volunteers,
VIII., 101, 110.

Clem, "Johnny" drummer boy,
VIII., 102.

Clendonin, C. R., VII., 209.

Clendenin's raid, II., 336.

Cleveland, G., IX., 29, 36; X., 138.

Cleveland, Ohio, mustering a regi
ment, VIII., 74.

Clifton, Va.. IV., 194.

Clifton, U. S. S.: II., 330; VI., 190,
320.

Clinch Rifles, Augusta, Ga., VIII.,
139, 141; X., 121; Macon, Ga.,
IX., 244 xeq.

Clinch River, II., 313.

Clingman, T. L., II., 328; X., 281.

Clinton, Sir Henry, IX., 321.

Clinton, Miss., II., 340, 344.

" Clinton Guard," N. Y. Sixty-first
Inf., III., 201.

Cloth for uniforms, scarcity of, in
the South, VIII., 142.

Clothing: for the armies, VIII., 54,
50; supply depots, Confederate,
VIII., 50; supply depots U. S.
army, VIII., 50.

Cloutersville, La., II., 352.

Cloyds Mountain, Va., III., 320.

Clustee, Fla., II., 349.

Clymer, C,., VI., 127.

Cobb, H.: II., 92, 94, 96; III., 230;
VII., 100, 122; X., 263.

Cobb, T. R. R.: II., 81, 320, 328;
X., 151.

Cobb's Hill Tower, Petersburg, Va.,
I., 37; VIII., 310.

Cobb's Point, N. C.: L, 350; Con
federate battery at, VI., 312.

Cobham, G. A., Jr., II., 302.

Cocke, P. St. G., V., 64; X., 319.

Cochrane, J., X., 223.

Cockrell, F. M., II., 320; III., 340.

Cockrell, J. H., X., 279.

Cockrell's cavalry, Confederate.
II., 320.

Cockrill, M. S., V., 65.

Cod° signals, VIII., 316.

Coe, C., IX., 351.

Coehorn mortars, V., 50, 54.

Coeur de I.ion, V. S. S., VIII., 374.

Coffeeville, Miss., II., 326.

Coggin's Point, Va., IV., 110.

Colburn, A. V., I., 257, 331, 337.

[ SCO ]

COLD HARBOR

INDEX

CORPS

Cold Harbor. Va.: I., 39, 366, 307;
III., 11, 17. 78, 79 -S4, 85, 80-92,
180, 188, 190, 322; IV., 210-24.'.;
Burnett House at, IV., 245; V.,
21, 27, 70, 214, 239, 240, 200;
VIII., 03, 110, 115; on the march
to, VIII., 198, 199, 209, 2.10; IX.,
348.

Cold water. Miss., II., 200; VI., 20S.

Cole, C. H., executed as a spy, VIII.,

.."'V.

Cole, D., VIII., 381, 289.
Coleman, C., VII., 21.

Coloman, C. E., Confederate scout,

VIII., 292.

Colgrove, S., X., 203.
Collins, N., VI., 271, 293, 294, 322.
Colm's Battalion, I., 358.
Colorado troops:

Cavalry: First, I., 360; Second,
I., 3.58, 300.
Colorado, IT. S. S.: I., 352; III., 340;

V., 267; VI., 48, 51, 188, 310.
Colquitt, A. H., II., 07, 350; X.,

11.3.
Colston, F. M., I., 14; V., 72; X.,

27.

Colston, R. E., III., 322; X., 109.
Colt, C. S. S., VI., IOC.
Columbia, S. C.: State armory at,
I., 33; HI., 240, 241, 242, 243,
I'M, 2.">1, 254, 256, 25S, 342; V.,
166; DC., 100: scone in, IX., 313.
Columbia Flying Artillery, I., 103.
Columbia, C. S. S., VI., 123.
Columbia, U. S. S., VI., 54.
Columbiads: guns at Fort Totten,
Va., V., 103; 10-inch guns, V.,
133; 15-inch gun.s, V., 137; with
iron bands added, V., 157; guns,
V., 168.

Columbus, Ga., III., 340; V., 166.
Columbus, Ky., I., 21 S, 223; II.,

183.
Columbus, Ohio, state penitentiary

at, IV., 175; VII., 141, 150.
Columbus, U. S. S., VI., 54.
Coh-ill. W., I., 147; II., 214.
Colyer, V., VIL, 17.
Combahee River, S. C., III., 342.
Commanders with veteran armies,

VIII., 240-244.

Commercialism of American people,
X., 128; militant spirit subordi
nated to. X., 128-138.
Commissary: fleetthat fed the army,
I., 315; buildings of, at Alex
andria, Va., VIII., 38; factors in
successful warfare, VIII., 44;
headquarters of, IV., 49 seq. ; con
tracts made by, VIII., 52; head
quarters of, Army of the Poto
mac, VIII., 213.

Commissary general of prisoners:
Union and Confederate offices of,
VII., 38, 40; of prisoners, selec
tion of Northern site for prison
by, VII., 64, 69; of prisoners,
1864, VII., 83; of prisoners in the
North, efficiency of, VIL, 180,
182; of the Confederacy, unequal
to his responsibilities, "VII., 182;
of prisoners, records of arrest by,
from February, 1862, till close of
the war. VIL, 208.
Commissioners for exchange of
prisoners in the East and terms
of exchange (July, 1862), VII..
109.
Commodore, wrecker engine, VIII.,

27.

Commodore Barney, U. S. S I , 356
Commodore Hull, U. 8. S., III., 31S
Commodore Jones, U. S. S III .

320; VI., 320.
Commodore Perry, U. S. S.: I., 356-

VI., 2B2, 263, 264, 316.
Compton Forry, Mo., II., 320
Coimtock, C. B.. L, 81; IX., 113.
Conestoqn, V: . S. S.: L, 189, 225, 356,
360; II., 196; VI., 214, 222, 310
312.

Confederacy, Capital of the, V., 108.
Confederacy, Daughters of, L, 14

19.

Confederacy, ordnance of, V., 155.
Confederate States of America:
secret service of, I., 25; gallery of,
at Baton Rouge, La., I., 31, 42;
troops, view of, I., 27; earth
works, L, 59; photographs, L,
86-110; photographs, unpub
lished, L, 86, 87; enlistments and
soldiers, L, 91. 93, 95, 97; troops,
number of, L, 92; enlisting at

I«D ED.]

Natchez Court House, I., 93;
army, numbers mustered into, L,
102; army, vital records of, L,
102; forces and losses during the
wai, L, 102; uniforms, L, 103;
archives, L, 100; cavalry, L, 131;
entrenchments, Centreville, ^ a.,
L, 166; river breastworks, L, 263;
ramparts southwest of Yorktown,
I. ,263; provisionally organized at
Montgomery, Ala., L, 340; Sixth
Cav., L, 302; menacing Union
cities, II., 04; fortifications,
Port Hudson, La., II., 210;
siege-gun mounted, Port Hud
son, La., II., 211; Eighth Cav.,
II., 330; possessions, April, 1804,
III., 16; prisoners, III., 26, 27,
286; breastworks, III., 41; dead
of Ewell's corps, III., 61; dead,
III., 63; photographs, III., 169-
171; army on the verge of starva
tion, unsuccessful in obtaining
supplies, III., 305, 309, 313; want
versus Union abundance, applied
to horses, IV., 107; cause, heavy
blow to, by Gen. J. F. B. Stuart's
death, May 12, 1804, IV., 109;
damage caused by, IV., 118, 119;
raids in the West, IV., 141 seq.;
partisan bands, definition and
usefulness of, IV., 168; partisan
ranger, a famous character, re
garded as a mythical figure by
Union arms' officers and men,
IV., 168, 170, 171, 172, 177; par
tisan ranger, practical illustra
tion of the work of, IV., 109; par
tisan ranger, best known to the
Union troops and most anxiously
sought for; his exploits; raid
(Morgan's) through Ohio and its
effects upon the North, IV., 174;
guerilla bands along the Missis
sippi, IV., 179; guns, V., 55; gun
ners, V., 59; government, VL, 54
seq.; the organization of navy,
VL, 71, 72; navy, VL, 70, 290;
navy, pay table of, VL, 90; Naval
Academy, VL, 90; navy, pay of
the officers of the, VL, 90; river
defense fleet, VI. , 192; prisoners,
Union capture of, not an un
mixed evil for the former, VIL,
154, 155; medical department of,
VIL, 222 seq., 278, 349 seq.; med
ical sources of, VlL, 237 seq. ;
medical service, VIL, 238; wound
ed nursed in private houses, VII ,
243; field hospital at Cedar
Mountain, VIL, 245; wounded
treated in homes of willing citi
zens, VIL, 200; wounded, return
to duty of, after five weeks'
treatment, VIL, 200; organiza
tion and personnel, medical de
partment of, VIL, 349; govern
ment disadvantages in transpor
tation lines, VIIL, 40; quarter
master general, VIIL, 46; sup
plies for army, VIIL, 52; clothing
the army, VIIL, 54; subsistence
department, army supplies, VIIL,
54; quartermaster's department,
contracts made in England, VIIL,
50; glimpses of the army, VIIL,
105 seq., 106; photographs,
VIIL, 100, 171; army, efficiency
of, VIIL, 112; soldiers, VIIl',
123; of '01, VIIL, 137 seq.; sta
tistics of independent, military
companies of, VIIL, 141; in the
field, 155 seq.; soldiers at drill,
VIIL, 159; soldier at work, VIIL,
161; wall tents, VIIL, 105- camp
VIIL, 171; secret service, VIIL,
285 seq.; signals intercepted at
Three Top Mountain. Va., VIIL,
320; headquarters at Gettvsburg
Pa., VIIL, 327; battery at York-
town, Va., VIIL, 371;'bill for re
turning flags, IX., 38; government,
organization of, IX., 44; Congress
IX., 288; battle flags, return of,
IX., 330; flags, return of, IV., 331-
army, losses of, X., 148; army,
summary of organization, X.,
150; regiments, some casualties
of, X., 150; regimental losses X.,

"Confederate Veteran, The," I., 19;

A., 2.)0.
Omfederate Veterans, The United,

Conger, E. J., IV., 329.

Congress, U. S. S., L, 358; VI., 30

seq., 82, 156, 157, 166, 312.
Conkle's Battery, II., 324.
Connally, R., VIIL, 111.
Connecticut: population in 1800,
VIIL, 58; number troops lost,
VIIL, 59; number troops furn
ished, VIIL, 59.
Connecticut troops:

Artillery, I/racy: First, L, 69,
270; III., 153 seq., ISO; V., 20,
28, seq., 51; officers of, V., 78, 171.
Artillery, Lit/hi: First, L, 300;
III., 184; V., 23; battery, Tyler's,
three guns of, II., 87.
Curnlry: First, L, 302.
Infantry: First, L, 348; VIIL,
62; Second, L, 348; VIIL, 02;
Third, L, 15!, 348; Third, at
Camp Douglas, VIIL, 62; Fourth,
V., 78; Fifth, II., 25; Sixth, L,
360, 300; II., 320; Seventh. L,
300, 360; II., 320, 350; Eighth,
L, 358; Ninth, II., 320; Tenth,
L, 356, 358; II., 348; Eleventh,
L, 358; Twelfth, 330, 332; Thir
teenth, II., 130; Sixteenth. II.,
352; Eiehteenth, II., 330; Twenty-
third, II., 330; Twenty-ninth
(colored), VIIL, 02; Thirtieth
(colored), VIIL, 02; Twenty-first,
II., 348.

ConnerlicHl, V. S. S., VIL, 227.
Connor, .L, X., 4; X , 285.
Connor, P. E., X., 195.
Connor, S., X., 209.
"Conquered Banner," IX., 240, 243,

240.

Conrad, H., IV., 70.
Conrad, J., X., 217.
Conrad's Ferry, Md., V., 100.
Constellation, U. S. S., VL, 195.
Constitution, U. S. S., VI., 19, 44,

45, 65, 312; IX., 33.
Constitutional Convention, VIIL,

110.
C'ontinental Iron Works, N. Y.,

VL, 130.

"Continuous hammering," the pol
icy of U. S. Grant, III., 24, 25.
"Contraband" articles, VL, 70.
"Contrabands," runaway slaves,

VL, 70; IX., 177, 181.
Contractors, dishonest in fulfillment

of contracts, VIIL, 54.
Contributors to the "Photographic
History of the Civil War," L, 7.
Convalescent camp: Camp Nelson,
N. Y., VIL, 214: Alexandria, Va.,
VIL, 27G, 279, 287, 333.
Cook, A. M., L, 300.; V., 27.
Cook, G. S.: his photographic skill,
L, 23, 24, 31, 42, 99, 100, 101;
III., 170 seq.; VL, 207; VIIL, 31,
131.

Cook, H. H., IX., 311.
Cook, P., X., 265.
Cooke, G. B., X., 71.
Cooke, G. R., VIL, 125.
Cooke, J. R., X., 281.
Cooke, J. W., VL, 87, 320.
Cooke, St. G., IV., 47, 02, 220, 221,

225.

Cooking: in camp, VIIL, 32; by
privates, VIIL, 120, 149; outfits,
200, 201.

Cookmau, G., VIL, 17.
Cooks in the Army of the Potomac,

VIIL, 200.

Cooley, S. A., L, 35, 42.
Cooley, photographer, Armv of

Tenn., VIIL, 25.
Coon, D. E , III., 70.
Cooper, D. H.: II., 324, 342;X.,275.
Cooper, J., X., 211.
Cooper, J. A., X., 93, 305.
Cooper, J. H.: battery of, L, 22, 23;

III., 170, 177,178.
Cooper, S., VIL, 100; X., 242, 243.
Cooper's Battery, III., 170.
Coosaw River, Port Roval, S. C'

L, 357.

Copchart, H., X., 311.
Copeland, J. T., X., 215.
Copp, E. J., L, 14.
Corbett, B., VIL, 207.
Corbin, Commander, U. S. N., VL,

47.

Corbin, H. C., X., 237.
Corbin, T. G., VL, 127.
Corby, Father, at Battle of Gettvs
burg, VIIL, 100.

Corcoran, M.: L, 44; V., 70; his
officers in Corcoran, Va., V., 77;
VIL, 25, 29, 47, 58; VIIL, 72.

Corcoran, W. W.. X., 4.

Corinth, Miss.: L, US, 120, 198,
218, 230, 302,304; II., 9; assault
on, II., 137; Tishomingo Hotel,
II., 138, 139; Battery Williams
at, II., 140, 142; Rosecrans
holds firm, II., 142; Batterv
Robinett at, II., 145; strategic
advantages gained by the evacua
tion of, by the Confederates, in
1802, II., 146; Battery Williams,
II., 147; Southern assault on, ob
ject of, II., 148; winter quarters
at, II., 149; arrangement of
battle-lines at, II., 150; photog
raphers in, II., 151; vivid picture
of assault on, II., 152; Battery
Williams, II., 153; Ohio, Eighty-
first Reg., II., 153; Battery
Robinett, II., 153; Battery
Powell, II., 154; Battery Robi
nett, II., 150; Battery Williams,
II., 150; Provost Marshal's head
quarters. II., 157; Federal troops
at, II., 158, 159; Battery Robi
nett, II., 158, 159, 160; Union and
Confederate losses at the battle
of, II., 100, 100, 324; Corona
College, VIL, 233; 111. fifty-
seventh Inf. on parade at, VIIL,
258; losses at, X., 142, 156.

Cornwallis, Marquis of: V., 30 seq.;
scene of surrender of, IX,, 285;
321; headquarters, Yorktown,
Va., used as hospital, VIL, 259.

Corona College, Corinth, Miss.,
VIL, 233.

Corps, Union, history of, X., 180 set],

Corps, Union:

First,!., 307; Si-el's division, II.,
33; crossing the Rappahannock,
II., 91, 110; Reynolds' divis
ion, II., 322; Sigel's division, II.,
322; II., 324, 320, 32S, 334, 340,
340; IV., 235; V., OS; X., 180. 234.
Second, L, 295, 297; II., 27, 01 ;
Sedgwick's division, II., 05,
07, 110; Richardson's division,
II., 320, 322, 324, 328, 330, 334,
340, 344, 346, 350; III., 37, 43,
45, 50, 62, 71. 77, 82, 84, 80, 90.
180, 181, 190, 190, 311, 318, 322,

321, 320, 32S, 330, 338, 340, 344,
340; IV., 119, 107, 272; V., 08;
VIL, 154; V., 170, 240; VIL, 300;
hospital, Gettysburg, Pa., VIL,
301; VIIL, 102, 198, 252; losses
of, X., 159, 234.

Third, L, 70, 71; Kearney's
division, L, 300; II., 21. 322; Mc
Dowell's division, II., 21, 25, 110.
320, 322; Hooker's division, II.,
320, 322. 320, 328, 334, 340, 342,
340; III., 318; V., OS; Provost-
Marshals of, VIL, 191; at Brandy
Station, Va., VIL, 309; X., 194,
234.

Fourth, Casey's division, L,
291 *cq.; I., 333; Couch's division,
II., 324, 340, 348. 350; III.,
110, 218, 254, 320, 322, 320, 338,
340; VIIL, 205, 210; IX., 115;
X., 190.

Fifth Corps, L, 51, 70, 324;
MorelPs division, L, 343: II.,
110, 253, 322, 324, 328, 334, 340,
344, 346; III., 37, 58, 74, 81, 82,

90, 170, 181, 318, 322, 324, 320,
328, 330, 332, 338, 340, 342, 344;
IV., 107, 207, 220; V., 21, 30, 220;
VIIL, 252: IX., 243: X., 198.

Sixth Corps, L, 22, 23, 51; II..

91, 110, 113; Sedgwick's Division,
II., 123, 120, 324, 328, 334, 33(5,
340, 340; III., 37, 43, 48, 50, 57,
82, 84, 86, 146, 152, 157, 162,
100, 18], 190, 2SS, 293, 294, 318,

322, 320, 328, 330, 332, 338, 342,
344, 340; IV., 43; train of supply
wagons of, IV., 101 seq.; V., 10,
27, 49; VIL, 308; VIIL, 65, 198,
204, 231, 252; IX., 109, review,
X., 163, 200.

Seventh Corps, II., 352; III.,
322; X., 202; Department of
Arkansas, X., 202, 204.

Eighth Corps, III., 105, 328,
330, 332, 338; X., 204.

Ninth C'orps, L, 43; Rturgis's
Division, II., 73, 97, 322, 324,
328, 334. 340, 344, 346; III.,
34, 37, 07, 82, 84, 90, 181, 190,
195, 198, 200, 204, 282, 294, 318,
322, 324, 326, 328, 330, 332, 334,
338, 344; medical officers of,

3301

CORPS

INDEX

DEER

Corps, Union — -Continued.

VII., 216; surgeons of, VII., Til,
281; leaving Aquia Creek in
Feb., 1803, VIII., 37; mechanics
of, VIII., 187, 201; chaplains of,
VIII., 357; IX., 145; X., 206.

Tenth Army Corps, I., 42;
III., 208, 320, 321, 322, 324, 320,
32S, 330, 332, 338, 340; VI., 313;
X., 210.

Eleventh Corps, II., 110, 112,
119, 334, 340, 340; X., 212.

Twelfth Corps, II., 110, 324,
334, 340, 340; IV., 107; VII.,
1S1; X., 214.

Thirteenth Corps, II., 328,
330, 334, 340, 310, 352; III., 328,
340, 344; V., 40; X., 210.

Fourteenth Corps. II., 340,
342. 344, 346, 348, 3.50; III.,
110. 222, 320, 322, 320, 330, 340,
344; IX., 115; X., 218.

Fifteenth Corps, II., 330, 332,
334, 340, 344, 340; III., 120, 222,
227, 231, 233, 230, 239, 240, 320,
322. 320, 32S, 330, 33S, 342, 344;
V., 40; VIII., 20S, 340; X., 220.

Sixteenth Corps, II., 334, 340,
340, 34S, 350, 352: III., 320, 322,
320, 328, 330, 340, 344; X., 222.

Seventeenth Corps, II., 330,
334, 344, 340, 34S, 351). 352: III.,
118, 222, 320, 322. 320, 328, 330,
340, 342, 344, 345; V., 40; X., 224.

Eighteenth Corps, III., 84,
80, 90, 92, 190, 208, 320, 321,
322, 324, 320, 328, 338; V., 40,
240; X., 224, 220.

Nineteenth Annv Corps, I., 77,
G rover's Division,' II., 130, 332,
350,352: III., 152, 154, 157, 100,
320. 320, 330, 332, 338; VI., 313;
X., 163, 22S.

Twentieth Corps, II., 340, 344:
III., 110, 13S, 222 32f), 322, 320,
330, 338, 340, 344, 347 seq.; IX.,
99.;X.,163, 228, 230.

Twenty-first Corps, II., 340,
344; X., 230.

Twenty-second Corps, IV.,
173: X., 230.

Twenty-third Corps, II., 340;
III., 218,' 254, 320, 322, 338, 340,
342; X., 232.

Twenty-fourth Army Corps,
III., 293, 342, 344, 340; X., 232.

Twenty-fifth Corps, III., 342,
X., 232,234.
Corps, Cavalry. Union:

Cavalry Corps, II., 330; III.,
322; IV., 126: great activity of,
from May 5ih -August 1, 1864,
IV., 128; "South Carolina Expe-
-liti >nal Corps, X., 236; of Army
of the Potomac, X., 238; First
Div., III., 322: X., 234, 236;
Sec Hid Div., III., 322; IV., 233;
Third Div., "boots and saddles,"
IV., 39; ammunition-train of, X.,

•in.

Corps, Confederate Armv, X., 240
seq.; Swell's R. S., III., 80; V.,
132; Hardee's, W. J., III., 318;
V., 70; Hill's, D. H., II., 230;
Hood's, J. B., V., 48; Jackson's,
T. J., "Stonewall," II., 03, 322,
324; Longstreet's. J., II., 322, 324,
344, 346, 348; V., 72; Folk's,!,. K.,
II., 330, 344; V., 70; Price's, Ster
ling, II., 324; Cavalry, of the
Army of Northern Virginia, IV.,
76-114; Engineer, loss of records,
V., 256; works around Richmond,
Va., V., 260; Engineers, Virginia,
V., 250, 258; Third Corps, artil
lery equipment, V., 70; VIII., 106:
Wheeler's Corps, X., 268.

"Corps D'Afrique," II., 205.

Correspondents, War, VIII., 293.

Corse, J. M., II., 304; III., 216,
218; X., 89.

Corse, M. D..X..317.

Corydon, Ind., IV., 134.

Coryphaeus, V. S. S., II., 330.

Coston signals, VIII., 316.

Cotton, C. S. S., II., 330.

Cotton: exports of , by the South in
1860 and 1861. VI., 20; increased
value of, VI., 123; importance of,
to Confederacy in '61, VI., 30, 32.

Cotton Plant, Ark. (see also
Bayou Cache, Ark.), I., 368.

Couch, D. N.: II., 94, 108, 328, 334;
X., 179, 190.

Courier, The, Rome, Ga., IX., 31.

[3D ED.]

Couriers: IV., 180; or despatch
bearer, one instance of risk taken
by, IV., 198, 200; the most dar
ing and swiftest during the war,
IV., 200, 202; Union and their
hard-ridden horses, IV., 210, 211.

Courtland Bridge, Ala., I., 308.

Court-martial, VII., 181.

Courtney, W. A., VIII., 167.

Cove Spring, Ala., II., 277.

' 'Cover Them Over With Beautiful
Flowers," E. F. Stewart, IX., 350.

Covington, Ga., III., 228.

Covinaton, U. S. S.: III., 318; VI.,
230.

Cowan, A., and his men, V., 29,
31, 47; X., 2.

Cowan, J. B.. VII., 242, 244.

Cowan's batterv: V., 31, 30, 47; at
Gettysburg, Pa., IX., 217.

Cox, J." D.: I., 364; II., 27, 74: III.,
104, 254; IX., 107; X., 87, 208.

Cox, W. R., X., 281.

Coxe, J. R.: quarters at Brandy
Station, Va., IX., 351.

Coxey's Landing, Va., III., 27.

"Cracker Line," from Kelley's
Ferry, Tenn., II., 297, the open
ing of, II., 297, 299; Hooker's
famous, VIII., 34.

Cox's Landing, Va., VII., 97, 99.

Grain's Art., Confederate, I., 356.

Crampton's Gap, Md., II., 60.

Crane, C. H., VII., 224.

Crane, J., II., 141.

Crane, L. H. D., II., 25.

Craney Island, Va., VI., 314.

"Crater," the mine before Peters
burg, Va., III., 193.

Craven, T. A. M., VI., 131, 252.

Craven, T. T.: I., 227; VI., 190,
206, 295, 297, 298, 300.

Crawfish Spring, Ga., II., 283.

Crawford, S. W.: with staff of, II.,
25; III., 284, 324.

Crawford Sixth Virginia Cavalry,
VII., 147.

Crenshaw, A. D., VIII., 113.

('recent, U. S. S., VII., 105.

"Crescent Regiment," New Or
leans, La., IX., 343.

Crew's Farm, Va., I., 366.

Cricket, U. S. S.: VI., 04, 221, 232.

Crittenden, G. B., I., 180; II., 344;
VIII., 103; X., 200.

Crittenden, R. D., VII., 133.

Crittenden, T. L.: I., 43, 20S, 30');
II., 170, 274, 33 ); VII., 215; VIII.,
103: X., 193, 230.

Crittenden, T. T., X., 203.

Crocker, M. M., X., 205.

Cromwell, ()., IX., 128.

Crook, G.: III., 148, 152, 154, 158,
102, 324, 320, 332, 34 1: IV., 87,
114,258; quoted, VIII., 275; X.,
177, 178.

Crooked Run, Front Royal, Va.,
III., 328.

Crosby, G. B., X., 2«9.

Crosby, P., VI., 190, 308.

Cross, D. R., II., 69.

Cross, E. K., I., 279; VIII., 102.

Cross Keys, Va.: I., 309, 310, 300;
IV., 102.

Cross Lanes, W. Va., I., 3.50.

Croxton, J. T.: III., 252; IV., 140;
X., 2»7.

Cruft, C., II., 318; X., 87, 203.

Cruisers: Confederate, capture:!
vessels fitted out as, VI., 82; de
struction wrought by, VI., 2'),
25, 30; first to get to sea, VI., 80;
prizes of, VI., 290 seq.; the first
built with Confederate funds,
VI., 291, 292, 293, 299.

Crump Hill, La., II., 350.

Crump's Landing, Tenn., I., 200
seq., 200.

Cub Run, Va., II., 45; V., 20 seq.

Culbertson's Art., Confederate, I.,
356.

Cullmann, F., quoted, X., 124.

Cullum, G. W.. VII., 33').

Culneper, Va.: I., 39; II., 38, 57,
228, 344; Meade's headquarters
at. II., 345; streets of, III., 31;
IV., 101; V., 34 seq.; mansion of
J. M. Botts, VII., 195 srq.; John
M. Botts and familv, VII., 197;
VIII., 124.

Culpeper Court House, Culpener,
Va.: II., 10, 21, 26, 28, 229; III.,
17, 28, 30, 34; IV., 92, 106, 118,
233; V., 32 seq.; Confederate pris
oners confined at, VII., 33.

Culp's Hill, Gettysburg, Pa., II.,

231, 238, 257.

Culp's House, Ga., III., 322.
Cumberland, Ind., III., 346; IV.,

114.

Cumberland, Va., I., 274, 275.
Cumberland, U. S. S., I., 358; VI.,

36 seq., 82, 100, 102, 156, 166,

269, 308, 312.
Cumberland, Department of, II.,

296.

Cumberland Gap, Ky., I., 180.
Cumberland Gap, Tenn., I., 366;

II., 313, 342.
Cumberland Iron Works, Tenn.,

II., 322, 330.
Cumberland Landing: I., 51, 274,

282 seq.; Federal cavalry camp

at, IV., 47 Ki-q.; Follen's House,

VIII., 2i!9; bivouac, IX., 133.
Cumberland Mountains, Ky., II.,

177, 274.
Cumberland Ravine, Ga.: trestle

over, V., 297; trestle below the

Chattahoochie bridge, military

train on, V., 299.
Cumberland River, Tenn.: II., 106;

railroad bridge across, IV., 155;

VI., 209, 318.
Cumberland Valley, Tenn.: view

from Nashville Military Acad
emy, IV., 155.
Cumming, A., X., 265.
Cummings, S. \V., VI., 301.
Cummings' Point, Fort Johnson,

S. C., II., 333.
Cunningham, .!., VIII., 151.
Cunningham, J. S., VI., 127.
Cunningham, S. A., L, 14, 19; X., 7,

27, 290.

Curlew, C. S. S., I., 350.
Curtis, B. R., VII., 202.
Curtis, G. W., IX., 34.
Curtis, N. M.. X., 221.
Curtis, S. R., I., 385; II., 194; VII.,

190, 201; X., 170.
Cushing. A. II.: II., 205; IV., 322;

IX., 217.

dishing, S. T., VIII., 308.
Cushing, W. B.: II., 205; III., 338;

IV., 257, 27li; VI., 322.
Cushman, Pauline, a Federal spv,

VIII., 273.
Custer, G. A.: I., 289 .my.; III., 42,

100, 164, 332, 338, 340; IV., 11,

29. 61, 96, 108, 110, 122, 128, 234,

236, 250, 2.51, 2.52, 2.58, 259,

260, 2C1, 202, 275 seq.; 282, 297;

VIII., 190. 234.

Custis, G. W. P., IX., 12.5; X., .57.
Custis, M., IX., 12.5, 228.
Custis, Mary L., X., 57.
Custis Mary R., X., 54.
Cutler, E. ,L, IX., 78, 80.
Cutler, L., X., 3!)9.
Cutt's Artillery, Confederate, L,

356.

Cuyler. R. M., V., 170.
fiiHlrr. U. S. S., III., 342.
Cynthiana, Ky., I., 308; III., 324.

D

Da Costa, B. VII., 220.
Dabney, R. G., X., 103.

Dabney's Mills, Va., III., 342.

Ducotah, C. S. S., VI., 48, 109.

Daguerre, L. J., and his daguerreo
type, I., 38.

Dahlgren, ,1. A.: I., 100; II., 342;
III., 227, 230; VI., 23, 43, 120,
173; and staff. VI., 126; VIII.,
334, 33.5; IX., 334.

Dahlgren, U.: I., 113; II., 3.50; IV.,
90, 121 seq., 122, 123, 124; guns,
V., 33, 308; VI., 60.

Dahlia, U. S. S., VI., 228.

Dailv life of the soldier in 1861,
VIII., 88.

D. A. January, U. S. hospital ship,
VII., 318, 319.

Dallas, Ga., III., 114, 110, 322.

Dallas, Mo., I., 3.50.

Dalton, Ga.: I., 12.8, 130: II., 177,
274, 283, 314, 318; III., 16, 10.5,
106, 122, 126, 130, 218, 332; en
trenchments, Confederate, at, V.,
208; Atlanta campaign, VII., 206;
VIII., 32.5.

"Dan," the horse of Gen'l Mc-
Clellan, IV., 304.

Dana, E. L., II.. 324.

Dana, N. J. T., X., 217.

Dandelion, U. S. S., III., 236.

Dandridge, S. IV., 300.

Dandridge, Tenn., II., 348.

Daniel, J., III., 70, 320; X., 155.

Daniel, J., Jr., X., 2.

Daniel Webster, U. S. hospital boat,
VII., 336.

Dantzler battery, of Virginia, VI.,
265.

Danville, Ky., II., 332.

Danville, Va., III., 306.

Danville Railroad, Va., III., 280.

Darbytown Road, Va., III., 332.

Darksville, Va., III., 326.

Darnestown, Md. (see also Pritch-
ard's Mills, Md.), I., 352.

"Daughter of the Regiment," C.
Scollard, IX., 71.

Daughters of the Confederacy, I.,
14, 19; of Charleston, S. C., I.,
100; IX., 347.

Daughters of Veterans, X., 296.

Damn's Battery, Union, L, 356.

Dauphin Island, Ala., VI., 253.

Davenport, Iowa, prison at, VII.,
66.

Darid, C. S. S., VI., 267, 320.

Davidson, C. C., I., 179.

Davidson, H., VI., 79.

Davidson, H. B., X., 299.

Davidson, J. W., II., 342, 344; X.,
311.

Davies, H. E., X., 95.

Davies, T. A., II., 1.50, 1.52, 324.

Davis, C. E., VIII., 327.

Davis, C. H.: I., 94, 221, 240,
245, 249; II., 194, 198, 200,
238, 284; VI., 35, 58, 100, 115,
150, 169, 220, 223, 314.

Davis, E. J., X., 307.

Davis. G., X., 13.

Davis. G. B., VII.; 98.

Davis, H., X., 201.

Davis, J.: I., 83, 202, 283, 296:
elected Provisional President of
the Confederate States of Ameri
ca, I., 346; inaugurated President
of the Confederate States at
Montgomery, Ala., I., 340, 367;
II., 24; III., 130, 216, 240, 283,
298, 302, 304, 310, 340; IV., 290;
V., 158; VI., 74, 114, 290; VII.,
20, 52, 103, 104, 117, 173, 176,
199, 207, 210, 212, 239 seq., 292,
351; VIII., 254, 282; quoted, IX.,
93, 288; children of, IX., 289;
quoted, IX., 290; election of, IX.,
291; inauguration of, IX., 291,
293; when captured, IX., 295; as
prisoner, IX., 295; flight south,
IX., 295; b-ul-bond of, IX., 297; in
dictment of, IX., 299; after release
from prison, IX., 299; X., 40, 02,
68.

Davis, Mrs. J., IX., 288, 289, 293.

Davis, J. C.: II., 172; III., Ill, 112,
120; X., 76, 189, 220.

Davis, J. R., X., 277.

Davis, M., IX., 289.

Davis, V. A., "Winnie," IX., 289.

Davis, W. G. M., X., 261.

Davis, W. H., son of Jefferson
Davis, IX., 289.

Davis' Bridge, Miss., II., 160.

Dauliuht, U. S. S.: I., 362; VI.,
316.

Day's Gap, Ala., II., 332.

Day's Point, Va., V., 30(5.

Dayton, L. M., I., 248.

"Dead Line," at Andersonville, Ga.,
VII., 175.

Dean, F. J., X., 292.

Dearing, J., III.. 330; X., 157.

Deas, Z. C., X., 255.

De Camp, J., VI., 190.

Decatur, Abu: II., 297; III., 322,
338; VI., 233; officers' quarters
at, VIII., 207; pontoon-bridge at,
VIII., 207.

Decatur, Ga., III., 138.

Decatur, 111., home of the G. A. R.,
X., 292.

Declaration of Independence II.,
234.

Decoration Day odes, EX., 28.

De Courcy, J. F., II., 185.

Dechard, Tenn.: Elk River bridge
at, II., 273.

Deeds of valor, IX., .56 seq.

Deems, J. M., X., 211.

Deen Bottom, Va.: III., 326;
IV., 242; pontoon-bridge at,
V., 241.

Deep Run, Va.. turnpike at, V., 320.

Deer, British blockade runner, VI
265.

DKKR CKKKK

Deer Creek, Mis*.. II.. 332
Drrrhoumt, English yacht, VI., 289.

302. 304.

D'fenrf, C. S. S.. VI., 1!I2.
Deford. .1. \V., VIII., 325.
I),. Forrest. S.. VII., 1*1-
IVitzl.-r, C. W.. X., 207.
It. K;l>.. I . S. S.. II.. 332.
De Kay. D.. VIII., M.

Delati.-ld, C., V., -M.

De Lagncl. J. A.. V., 161, 170.
Delaware: enlistments in the war,

VIII., 102.
Delaware troops:

Artilleru: Kemper'a Art., Alex
andria, Va., V., i,<(.

I,tf,,,,try: First, VIII., 102; X.,

Debitmre, V . S. S.: I., 356; VI., "-4.
De Leon, a Confederate surgeon,

VII., 222.

Dennis. E. S.. X., 201.
Dermisoii. \V. X.. I., 287.
Dent. K. T.. IX., 113.
Denver. .1. W., X., 195.
Departments:

Cumberland, the cavalry forces

of, X., 230.
Gulf, the, VIII., 248.
North Carolina, the, V., 70.
Ohio, the, VIII., 27(i.
Pacific, the, DC., 93.
South, the, III.. 326.
Texas, the, VII., 28 seq.
Trans-Mississippi, V., 258.
Virginia and North Carolina, X.,

17*.

D'Epineul Zouaves, VIII., 80.
De Russy, G. A., X., 31} 1.
Deshler.'J., II., 288; X., 153.
Desolations of the war, IX., 273.
De Soto. I., 221, 240.
Destroyed village. IX., 273.
"Destruction of war," photographic

illustrations of. III., 343, 343.
De Trobriand, P. R . VIII., 72. 97;

X.,333.

Detroit, Mich.: raises a loan for
state war equipment, VIII., 71;
mustering a regiment, VIII., 74.
D'l'tassy, VIII., SO.
Dcvcaiix's Xeck, S. C., III., 340.
Devens, C.: II., ill, 117, 334; X.,

315, 290.

Devil's Back Rone, Ark., II., 342.
Devil's Den, I., 71); II., 34*. 349.
Devin, T. C.: IV., 242. 24S; and

staff, IV., 349, 25s. 260, 381.
Dewees, Lieut., IV., 315.
Dewey, C,., VI., 319.
Dewey, J. A., X., 3^i>.
Diana, C. S. S., II., 332.
Diana, I". S. S.. II., 330, 332.
Dibrell, G. G., X., 295.
Dickinson. J., war students of
two continents, I., 113; X., 209.
"Dictator": the 17, (XX) pound mor
tar, and its operators. III., 184,
1H5, 188, 187; travelling Coehorn
mortar, V., 51.
Dictator, I". S. S., VI., 130.
Dill's Branch, Term.: I., 204 seq.,

205.

Dirnick, J., VII., 56, 65.
Dinwiddie Court House, Ya.: III.,

284, 344; IV., 258; IX., 243.
Diplomacy: Confederate, VI., 32,
2!M; Federal, VI., 25, 299; For-
ei<m,of Russia.inCivil War. VI.,31.
Discipline, difficulties of, VIII., 88.
District of Columbia troops:

Cnmlru: First, III., SIX, 332;
IV., 329; VIII., 2S2; colored, III.,
322.
Dix, J. A.: VII., 102, 104, 109, 106,

346; VIII., 21)1; X., 185, 202.
Dix, Mrs. .1. A., VII., 250.
"Dixie," A. Pike, IX., 1(14.
"Dixie,"Dan Emmet,I.,16; IX.,347.
"Dixie," J. Savage, IX., 348.
Dixie, ship, VI., 122.
Dixon, G. K., VI., 276.
Dobbin Fern-, Term., II., 320.
Dock»ry, T. P., X., 359.
Doctor's gig on the Mississippi,

VII., 317.

Dodd, If. W., VIII., 281.
Dodge, G. M.: I., 1(1; III., 346; X.,

21, 24, 222.
Dodge, T. A.: III., 278; IX., 101-

103; quoted, IX., 106; X., 120.
Dodge, V. S. S., VI., 82.
Doles, G., III., 5S;X., 155.
Dolphin, V. S. S.. VI., 54.
Donaldson, K., VI., 100, 1!I3.

[2o ED.]

INDEX

Donaldson, a messenger of the State

Department, VI., 35.
Donaldson ville, La.: I., 250; II.,

331, 340, 342.
Donelson, D. S., X., 137.
Donelson, Fort, Tenn.(see also fort

Donelson, Tenn.), I., 184, 356.
Donelson, Term., surrender of, I.,

Donner, Lieut., VII., 289.
Donohoe, M. J., II., 327.
Doolittle, C. C., X., 215.
Doren, D.: VIII., 351, 361, 363, 366,

"DorothyQ.,"O.W. Holmes, DC.,33.
Doubteday, A.: II., xx, 241, 243;

IV., 235- V., 40; IX., 221; X., 1X6.
Doughty, ,L, VIII., 281.
Douglas, 11. K.: quoted, II., 60, 62;

X., 103.

Douglas, IL T., I., 105.
Douglas, R. H., VI., 113.
Douglas, S. A., VII., 23; IX., 251.
Douglas Landing, Ark., III., 342.
Douty, J., III., 200.
Dover, Tenn. (see also Fort Donel
son, Tenn.), I., 1X4, 356; VI., 2011.
Dow, E. C., III., 18(i.
Dow, X.. VII., 45, 164; X., 209.
Dowdall's Tavern, Va., II., 119.
Downie, M., I., 147.
Dowson, G. W., I., 87.
Draft animals in military service,

VIII., 50.
Draft riots in New York City, II.,

342.

Drnaon, V. S. S., VI., 318.
Drainesville, Ya., I., 354, 356.
Drake, J. F., I., 18.
Dranesville, Va., IV., 78.
Drawings made on field, VIII., 31.
Drayton, P.: VI., 242, 243; IX., 107.
Drayton, T. F.: I., 354; VI., 270;

home of, IX., 353; X., 283.
"Dreaming in the Trendies," W.

G. McCabe, IX., 150.
"Dred Scott" case, VII., 202.
Dredge boat, Dutch Gap canal,

Ya., V., 245.
Dresden, Ky., I., 362.
Dreux, C. IX, I., 111.
Dreux's Louisiana battalion, VIII.,

149.

Drew, C. IL, VII., 63.
Drewry's Bluff, Ya.: I., Ill, 119,

276'; III., 11, 320; Federal

failure to take, III., 93-98; V.,

243, 310, 312, 315, 317; VI., 1X2,

314.

Drigg, E., X., 2.
Drill for removing wounded, VII.,

397.

Drillard, J. P., X., 19.
Drilling recruits, VIII., 1X2, 1S4.
"Driving Home the Cows," K. P.

Osgood, IX., 236.
Droop Mountain, Ya.. II. , 346.
Drum, R. C'.: suggests return of

Confederate battle-flags, IX., 36.
Drumgould's Bluff, Miss., VI., 207,

316.
Drummer Boys: N. Y. Eighth Reg.,

VIII., 179; in full dress, VIII.,

195; off duty, VIII., 195, 237;

Confederate, 'VIII., 383.
"Drum-taps," Walt Whitman, IX.,

21, 254.

Dry Forks, Mo. (see also Carth
age, Mo.), 1,348.
Dry Wood, Mo., I., 350.
Dryer, IL, IV., 231.
Duane, J. C., V., 240.
Du Barry, W. D., VII., 125.
Dubois, D. M., X., 265.
Ducat, A. C., X., 19.
Duck River, Tenn., VI., 69, 318.
Duff, W., X., 49.
Duff, W. I,., IX., 113.
Duffle, A. N.: II., 25; III., 324, 326;

IV., 88, 177, 224, 226, 233 xeq.
Dug Springs, Mo., I., 350, 367.
Dugan, "Jimmie," a bugler bov,

VIII., 189.

Duganne, A. J. IL, VII., 96.
Duke, B. W.: II., 326; IV., 144,

148. 150;VIL, 21, quoted, IX., 346.
Dulany, R. H., IV.. 104.
Dumfries, Ya., II., 328.
Dummy battery, Seabrook Point,

S. C., VIII., 183.
"Dummv Guns," I., 163.
Duncan,' A., VIII., 109.
Duncan, .1. K., I., 234; X., 273.
Dunkcr's chapel, Antietarn, Md.,

II., 70.

Dunn, W. S., I., 81.

Dunns Bayou, Red River, La., III.,
318.

Dimovant, J., X., 157.

Du Pont, S. F.: I., 354, 357; IL,
351 • VI., 47, 100; on deck of
H'abash with his officers, VI., 103,
115. 120, 125, 127, 171, 270, 271,
310, 311, 318; IX., 48, 51, 336.

Dupre", G. W., VII., 125.

Durham Station, N. C.: III., 247:
Bennett house near, III., 247;
VII., 203.

Duryee, A., Fifth N. Y., VIII., 80,
X., 221.

Dutch Gap, Va.: digging under
fire at, I., 49, 113, 119; III.,
98; V., 133, 141, 343; dredge
boat at, V., 245, 305, 309, 315;
VI., 131; VII., 115, 176; negro
pickets, IX., 179.

Dutton, A. IL, X., 141.

Dutton Hill, Ky., II., 332.

Duvall's Bluff, Ark., VI., 223.

Dwight, C. C., VII., 105, 112.

Dwight, W., X., 223.

Dyer, A. R., IX., 266.

"Dying Words of Stonewall Jack
son," Sidney Lanier, IX., 25.

Dyke. Major,' Minnesota First Inf.,
I., 147.

E

Eads, J. B.: I., 1X5, 216 seq., 223;
VI., 58, 129, 148, 150, 214; IX.,
271; Eads ironclads, VI., 144.

Eagle, H., VI., 45.

Early, J. A.: I., 68, 110, 125, 131,
270; II., 29, 113, 122, 128, 256,
346; III., 1.8. 56, 86, 90, 140, 142,
144, 145, 147, 149, 150, 153, 102,
104, 168, 324,320, 328, 330, 332,
338, 340, 342; IV., 100, 248, 252,
260, 203, 208; attack on Washing
ton, D. C., V., 27, X9, 106, 248,
250; VII., 147; VIII., 18; threat
ened Washington, D. C., VIII.,
65, 109, 320, 329, 340; attack on
Washington, IX., 155, 201; X.,
160, 345, 248.

Earnshaw, W., X., 296.

E. A. Mftens, f. S. S., VI., 314.

East Gulf blockading squadron,
VI., 125.

East Point, Miss., III., 13.8.

East Woods, Md., II., 61.

Eastin, G. B , IV., 154, 156.

Eastman, T. W., VI., 242.

East port, Miss., VII., 145.

East port, C. S. S., VI., 312.

Eastport, V. S. S., VI., 228, 232.

Eaton, E. B., I., IX, 52.

Echols, J., IL, 346; X., 105.

Eckort, T. T.: VIII., 346 seq.; X.,
21, 24.

Eclipse, steamer, VI., 322.

Ector, M. D., X., 315.

Edisto Island, S. C., I., 359.

Edisto River, S. C., VI., 236.

Edwards, A., IL, 297, 311.

Edwards, C. J., VII., 240.

Edwards, J., X., 205.

Edwards, .1. D.: I., 4, 42; V., 159;
VIII., 31, 121.

Edwards, N. ().: photographer, VI.,
17; IX., 163.

Edwards, ()., X., 213.

Edwards Ferry, Ya. (see also
Ball's Bluff, 'Va.), I., 34X, 352;
VIII., 88.

Egan, T. W., III., 76; X., 223.

Eggleston. G. C.: L, 103, 312, 340;
quoted, III., 28, 39; IX., 166, 178.

"Egypt," horse of U. S. Grant, IV.,
290.

Egypt Station, Miss., III., 342.

Election Day in 1864, plots of Con
federates in New York and Chi-
^ cago, VIII., 300, 302.

Elizabeth, N. ,L, home of Winfield
Scott, X., 165.

Elizabeth City, N. C., L, 356.

Elizabeth Court House, W. Ya.,
IV., 106.

Elizabeth River, Va.: V., 258- VI.,
157, 158.

EUzabethtown,Ky.:II.,328;IV.,148.

Elk Mountain, Md.: signal station
at, VIII., 320, 321.

Elk River, Ala., L, 213, 362.

Elk River, Tenn.: bridge over, at
Pulaski, Tenn., L, 212, 213; IL,
137, 178, 342.

ERA

Elk River, near Dechard, Tenn.,
bridge over, IL, 273.

Elkhorn, Ark., L, 365.

Elkhorn Tavern Ark., L, 358.

Elkins, J. A., VII., 207.

Elkins Ferry, Ark., IL, 352.

Ellerson's Mill, near Mechanicsville,
Va., L, 317, 322, 364, 366.

Ellet, A. W.: L, 240; VI., 35, 69,
151, 209, 314, 310.

Ellet, C., Jr.: L, 236, 239 seq., 240
seq., 241, 2(2; death of, L, 246;
VI., 35. 83, 220.

Ellet, C. R., VI., 151, 220, 318.

Ellet, J. A., VI., 151.

Elliot, S., Jr : I., 100, 101: III., 191;
VI., 272; X., 157.

Elliott, Thomas, VII., 181.

Elliott, W. I..: III., 318; X., 87.

"Elliott Grays," Virginia Sixth
Inf., VIII., 383.

Elliott's Salient, Petersburg, Ya.,
III., 193. 195, 205.

Ellis, C. S. S., L, 356.

Ellis Ford. Ya., Federal court mar
tial at, VII., 181.

Ellis's Bluffs, La., IL, 181.

Ellsworth, A. A. :IV., 148; VIII., 3(12.

Ellsworth, E. E.: zouaves of New
York Eleventh Inf., L, 165,
346, 351 KI'<I.\ a facsimile of last
letter of, L, 351; VI., 94; IX.,
346.

Elmira, N. Y.: prison at, VII., 77;
prisoners at, VII., 79; statistics
of mortality at, VII., 81; only
view showing whole camp, VII.,
81; Confederate prisoners es
caped from, VII., 147; artillery,
on guard at, VII., 149; sentry on
guard' at, VII., 151; changing
guard at, VII., 167.

"Elsie Venner," O. W. Holmes,
IX., 33.

Elson, IL W.: L, 7, 9, 10; II., 7.
9; III., 11.

Eltharn's Landing, Va., L, 362.

Ely, A., VII., 257.

Ely, R., III., 301; X., 215.

Ely, Congressman, VII., 17X.

Ely's Ford, Va., III., 37; IV., 121.

Elyton, Ala., IV., 140.

Elzey, A., L, 3(56; X., 105.

Emancipation Proclamation: L,
65, 07; II. , 31, 78; written in tele
graph office, VIII., 34X.

Emerick, .1. IL, VIII., 301, 363.

Emma, V. S. S., III., 342.

Emmet, D., IX., 347.

Emmittsburg, Md.: IL, 238 seq.;
IV., 75, ,80, 230.

Emmitsburg Road, Md., IV., 32.

Emmittsburg Road, Va., V., 74.

Emory, W. IL: IL, 332; III., 116,
154, 106, 332; X., 191, 228.

Emory College, Ga., IX., 29.

Empress, 1". S. hospital boat, VII.,
318, 319

Enchantress, C. S. S.: VII., 29, 34, 47.

Enfield rifle, VIII., 82.

Engagements of the Civil War:
losses on both sides, August,
1802-April, 1804, IL, 320 352;
III., 317.

Engineer officers: Confederate, lack
of training of, V., 258.

Engineer service: Confederate rem
iniscences of the, V., 250.

England:

English criticism of the armirf
of the North, L, 82, 84; English
and other foreign military men
with Union army, L, 117; Eng
lish navy, VI., 38; supplies pur
chased from, Confederate, VIII.,
54; contracts with, VIII., 56;
purchase of rifles, VIII., 82.

English, E., VI., 311.

"Enlisted Soldiers,'1 a song, IX.,
352.

Enlistments: from various states,
VIII., 102, 103, 141, 225. 251.

Entrenchments: Confederate en
trenchments at Centreville, L,
166; fortification, V., 193; objec
tions to making, V., 194; rapidity
of construction, V., 196; Confeder
ate, in the \Vest, V., 206; method
of construction, V., 210 seq.; best
types of, V., 216; digging by Sher
man's men, VIII., 207.

Eolux, U. S. S., III., 342.

Equipment: expenses for each sol
dier, VIII., 56.

Em, No. 5, C. S. S., VI., 318.

[ 33(2 ]

ERICSSON INDEX FORT HELL

Ericsson .] VI , 56 130 131, 135, ing despatch before ascending in Finch, F. M., "The Blue and the 144, 145, 158, 160, 1(51, 163, 256,

138 J79." the balloon, VIII., 381; IX.,56.vr,,.; Gray," IX., 28, 270, 271. 2(52, 273 seq., 27S seq., 280, 282;

Escapes from prison: first place in Widow Allen's house at, IX., Finegan, .].: II., 340; VIII., 103. VII., 145, 242; VIII., 206, 275,

the hearts of thousands of pris- 59; Seven Fines, battle of, IX., Finaal, C. S. S. (see also Atlanta, 290; IX., 247; X., 21, 48, 249, 278.

oners, VII., 131, 132- uppermost 59; losses at, X., 142, 156. C. S. S.), VI., 75. Forrest, W. H., VII., 145.

idea in mind of prisoner next to Fair Oaks Farm, Ya., I., 288, 290. Finley, C. A.. VII., 224, 347. Forrest, Tenn., I., 356, 358.

that of being exchanged. VII., Fair Oaks Station, Va.: I., 292, 294, Finley, , I. J., X., 261. Forrest, C. S. S., I., 350.

131-152; ingenious plans for, 296. Finnegan, .1., II., 350. Forster, W., VIII., 360.

VII , 138 140 142; one of the Fairchild, L., X., 296, 30.:). Finney's Battalion, Confederate, I., Forsyth, G. W., IV., 310.

most celebrated ones, November Fairfax, Va.: VIII., 112; band at, 364. Forsyth, J. W., IV., 260,261; X.,

27 1863, bv Gen. Morgan and VIII., 235. Fire rafts: used by Confederates, 233.

some of his companions, VII., Fairfax Court House.Va.: I., 44, 348; VI., 189, 194. 198, 200, 204. Forsyth, Mo., I., 350

140, 150, 152; escape of Union II., 43, 53, 330; IV., 167 seq., 171, "Fire-eater," horse of J. E. Johns- Forsytlie, T. W., VIII., 39.

officers from prison by tunneling, 178, 209; V., 27; IX., 265. ton, IV., 318. Fort Abercrc.mbie, Minn., VIII.,

VII., 142; tools used* by prison- Fairfax Road, Va., II., 43. " First call to arms," effect of, 79.

ers in, VII., 142, 144; Col. Ma- Fairfield, Pa., II., 340. VIII., 68. Fort Adams, Miss., VI., 149.

goffin's escape, July 24, 1862, Fnirplmj, C. S. S., VI., 316. "First German Rifles," N. Y., Fort Albany, Ya., V., 94.

VII., 144- Confederate prison at Falconer, K., VIII., 149. Eighth State Militia, VIII., 87. Fort Anderson, Kv., II., 350.

Salisbury, N. C., interesting Falconer, T. W., VIII., 151. Fisher, B. F., VIII., 314, 317, 333. Fort Andersen, N. C., III., 342.

stories of VII., 144. 146, 148; Falconet, E. T., V., 65. Fisher's Fort, N. C. (*ee also Fort Fort Barker, Ala., II., 167.

\ndersonville. VII., 148, 150. Falling Waters, Md., I., 348; II., Fisher, N. C.), VI., 259, 2C5. Fort Barrancas, Fla.: I., 4, 86; II.,

E^ex U S S- I., 182 seq.; after 342. Fishers' Hill, Ya.: III., 156, 158, 351; VIII., 157.

Fort Henry, I., 183, 185. 191, 223, Falling Waters, W. Va.: II., 267; 1.59, 162, 328, 332; IV., 249, 263. Fort Beauregard, S. C.: VI., 58, 148,

35(>, 368; II., 198; VI., 129, 187, the affair at, July 1, 1861, IV., Fishing Creek, Ky. (see also Mill 270, 310.

195 214,216,220,316. 76,78. Springs, Ky.), I., 356. Fort Bennett, Ya., V., 95.

Este G. P., X., 235. Falls Church, Va., IV., 78, 79, 171. Fisk, C. B., X., 217. Fort Blakely, Ala.: III., 344; VI.,

Estes, L. G., X., 209. Falmouth, Ya.: I., 302; II., 84, Fiske, J., quoted, II., 166, 272. 260; capture d, IX., 247.

Kitrella V S. S.: II., 330; VI., 318. 106, 128; III., 3!>, 201; ambu- Fitch, G. A., I., 306. Fort Bowyer, Ala., VI., 244.

Etowah Bridge, Ga., III., 111. lance train at, VII., 314, 315; Fitch, G. N.: II., 194; VI., 314. Fort Brady, Ya., III., 323; V., 305.

Etowah Hiver, Ga.,III.,17, 112, lis. VIII., 243; foreign attache's at, Fitch, LeR., VI., 69, 209. Fort Butler, La., II., 331, 340.

"Eulogy of Sunmer," L. Q. C. La- IX., 185. Fitzhtigh, W. E.. VI., 322. Fort Carroll, Giesboro, D. C., IV.,

mar, "IX., 301. Falmouth Station, Va., II., 85. Fitzpatrick, .T.. VII., 181. 333 seq.

Eu.stice, G. IX., 209. " Famous chargers," IV., 289-318. Five Forks, Ya.: III., 288, 305, 344; Fort Castle, Miss., II., 195.

Eustis, H. I,., X., 213. " Fancy," horse of T. J. Jackson, V., 264; battle of, IX., 243. Fort Caswell, N. C., VI., 238, 291.

Evacuation of Johnsonville, Tenn., IV., 293. Flags used in signalling, VIII., 308, Fort C. F. Smith, Ya., V., 85, 95,

IV., 163 seq. Fanny, C. S. S., I., 356. 316. 107, 125.

Evans, C. A., X., 263. Funny, U. S. S., VI., 100, 310. Fleetwood, pilot, VII., 139. Fort Clark, Hatteras Inlet, N. C.,

Evans, G. S., X., 195. Farenholt House, Yorktown, Va., Fleetwood Hill, Va., IV., 84, Mi. VI., 100, 102, 268, 310.

Evans, N. G.: I., 154 xeq., 155, 157, VIII., 317. Fleming, W. L., I., 41; X., 7, 28, 78 Fort Clinch, Fernandina, Fla., II..

366; II., 59. 328; X., 285. Farmington, Miss, I., 362. xeq. 351.

Evans, R. I)., VI., 259. Farmville, Va., III., 306, 346; Fletcher, A., quoted, IX., 342. Fort Columbus, N. Y., VII., 38.

Evansville, Ind.: U. S. marine hos- VIII., 102; engagement at, IX., Flint, E. A., cavalry horse of, IV., Fort Corcoran, Va., V., 77, 78, 83,

pital at, VII., 233. 331. 53; VIII., 135. 85, 90, 95, 107.

Eve, P. F., VII., 351. Farnsworth, E. J.: IV., 230; death, "Floating Battery," Charleston, S. Fort Craig, X. Mex., I., 358.

Krenimi Post, of New York, N. Y., IV., 232; VIII., 80; X., 137. C., V., 155. Fort Curtis, Helena, Ark., I., 365.

IX., 314, 346. Farnsworth, J. F., X., 199. Florance, H. C., VII., 125 Fort "Damnation" (Fort Mahone),

Ewell, H. S.: I., 132, 308, 310, 311; Farquhar, F. I"., VI., 113. Florence, Ala., II., 297; III., 218; Va., III., 203, 279, 334, 336, 337.

II., 22, 27, 28, 34, 47, 65, 231, Farragut, D. G.: I., 25, 72 seq., 94, VI., 312. Fort Darling, Cairo, III., I., 177.

240,243,218,254,257,320,322, 219, 226 seq., 227, 231 seq.; at Florence, S. C., VII., 86. Fort Darling, Va.: L, 111. 276;

336, 340; III., 38, 40, 43, 44, 54, Baton Rouge, coaling fleet, I., Florida: grim game of war open.* in, garrison in, I., 364; III., 94, 9(i,

56, 59, 62, 18], 318, 344, 346; 233. 249, 362, 366; II., 134, 192, I., 4; first fighting of the war in, 97, 320; V., 305, 313, 317; VI.,

IV., 91, 234; V., 64; VIII., 126, 180, 192, 198, 209, 210, 219-332; I., 86; secedes, L, 346; War, IV., 139, 165, 314; VIII., 374.

128, 246: attack of May 19, 1864, III., 319, 328; VI., 38, 43, 55, 114, 22; state troops, Confederate, Fort Delaware, Del., prisoners of

IX., 77, 213; X., 245, 248. 120, 151, 184, 197, 217, 222, 238, VI., 73; enlistments, VIII., 103; war, VII., 20, 38, 44, 56 seq., 65,

Ewing, Ellen B.,X., 80. 243,252,253,314,318,320,322; earliest operations of the war, 162,163,165,176.

Ewing, H., X., 235. VIII., 211, 330; IX., 102 seq., 105, VIII., 106. Fort De Russy, La.: II., 350;

Ewing, T., Jr., X., 207. 107, 345. Florida troops: VI., 227.

•• Examination of passes," VIII., 81. Farragut, L., X., 2. Second Cavalry, II., 348. Fort Donelson, Tenn.: I., 110;

" Excelsior Brigade," IX., 78. "Farragut," W. T. Meredith, IX., First Infantry, I., 352. campaign of, L, 130, 171 seq., 178,

Exchange of prisoners. VII.. 97- 102. Florida, C. S. S., VI., 292, 293, 316, 184, 188, 196, 218, 223, 226, 238,

122; in the East and West, speei- Farrand, E., VI., 260, 322. 322. 356; II., 183, 321, 322, 330; IV.,

fied places for, VII., 99; condi- Farrar, F. W., IX., 119. Flournoy, T. S., IV., 88. 158. 294; Artillery at, V., 42;

tions and terms of, as put forth by Farrar's Island, Va.: I., 119 ,w/.; Flowing Springs, Va., III., 330. artillery, Federal, at, V., 44, 204,

various officials of both sides; also III., 96, 97; V., 133. Floyd, J. B.: 1., 184, 188, 190, 191, 251, 254; VI., 148,209,215.216,

controversies and disagreements Fascines, V., 207. 192,350, 3 4; X., 252.317. 312, 318; VII., 22, 66, 68; VIII.,

in regard to. VII., 100, 102 seq.; Faunce, J., VI., 96. Flusser C. W.: II., 352; VI., 199, 110; IX., 97. 112: X., 44; losses

Confederate agent for the, VII., Fauntleroy, surgeon, VII., 222. 263, 264, 316, 320. at, X., 142, 156.

101; exchanges stopped by order Faxon, W., VI., 52. " Flying artillery," V., 33. Fort Donelson, U. S. S.: III., 342;

of Gen. Grant, VII., 103, 118; Fayetteville, Ark., L, 368; II., 326. Foafd, E. J., VII., 249. VI., 109.

four Union officers prominent in Fayetteville, N. C.: V., 150, 156, Follen House, Cumberland T.and- Fort Dushane, Ya., V., 215.

the arrangements for, VII., 105; 164, 166, 170. ing, Va., scouts at, VIII., 269. Fort Ellsworth, Ya., V., 78, 90.

continuation of, in the usual way, Fayetteville, W. Va., II., 322. Folly Island, Charleston, S. C.: Fort Ethan Allen, Ya., V., 75;

VII., 108; in the East and West, Featherston, W. S., X., 127. N. Y. Ninth Inf. at, VIII., 223. VIII., 88.

continuation of, in spite of sus- Federal troops: number of, I., 92; Fontaine. L., IX., 142. Fort Fillmore, N. Mex., I., 350.
pension of cartel, VII., 112; de- navy and the South, I., 88-98; Foote, A. H.: I., 94, 182, 185 seq.. Fort Fisher, N. C.: III., 20, 293,
mand for and pleadings on all navy, superiority and activity of, 188,191,215,218,221,237,238 325, 327, 340, 342; V., 254;
sides in favor of the re-establish- during the war, I., 110, 111; seq., 360; II., 131; VI., 83, havoc wrought at, by bombard
ment of, VII., 118, 120, 122; vari- troops, foreign nationalities in, 149,213,214,266,310,312,314. ment, V., 265; effects of naval
ous propositions for, VII., 120, II., 158, 159; soldiers and their Foote, H. S., IX., 29. bombardment of, V., 267; Mound
122; again begun after January work of burrowing and sapping, Foraging: by Grant's army, VIII., battery at, V., 269; VI., 31, 39, 61 ,
24, 1865; VII., 122; exchange II., 223; raids in the West, IV., 198-199; on Sherman's march, 103, 108, 109, 120, 123, 131, 145,
agents for the North and South, 129 seq.; ordnance of the, V., 123; VIII., 212-220. 175, 181, 195, 238, 246, 255, 257,
agreement of, for the raising of Ordnance Department, V., 124; Forbes, E. A., I., 10. 309, 322; guarding supplies at,
money for prisoners' use, VII., 174. government, VI., 46 seq.; navy, Force, M. F., X., 93. VIII., 21.

Exhibition at Philadelphia, Pa., VI., 18, 112. Ford's Theater, Washington, D. C.: Fort Gaines, Mobile Bay. Ala.:

IX., 30. Federal Hill, Baltimore, Md., IX., where Lincoln was shot, VII., III., 328; VI., 250. 253, 256, 322;

Eylau, losses at, X., 120, 140. 159. 203, 205 xeq. N. Y. Fifty-fifth, officers at, VIII.,

Ezra Church, Ga., III., 134. Federal Point, N. C., Sugar Loaf Foreign legions, VIII., 82. 97; IX., 107.

Battery, III., 342. Foreign officers: military, I., 117; Fort Gibson, Ind. Ter., III., 332.

Feeding the army, VIII., 42. nobility in Union camp, I., 115; Fort Gilmer, Ya., III., 323.

Fennel, .L, VIII., 149. soldiers of fortune tendered serv- Fort Gregg. Morris Island, S. C.:

Ferguson, R., VIII., 113. ices, VIII., 76. V., 151; VI., 313.

Fagan, J. F., X., 257. Ferguson, S. W., X., 277. Forest Hall military prison, George- Fort Gregg, Ya.: III., 288, 291, 294;

Fair Oaks, Va.: (see also Seven Fernandina, Fla., II., 351. town, D. C., VII., 85. V., 119.

Pines, Va.), I., 65, 277, 279, 281, Ferrero, E., III., 195, 200. Forest Roue, U. S. S., II., 350. Fort Hamilton, New York harbor,

282 seq.; McClellan's Horse Artil- Ferry, O. S., X., 197. Forests as battlegrounds, VIII., V., 137.

lery Brigade, officers of, at, I., Fessenden, F., X., 209. 173, 175. Fort Harrison, Ya.: II., 327; III.,

287, 291 seq., 293, 295, 297, Fessenden, J. D., X., 161, 209. Forney, J. II., II., 334; X., 255. 208,321,323.

299, 313, 320, 332, 364; III., Field, C. W., X., 107, 282. Forney, W. H.. X., 255. Fort Haskell, III., 282.

338; IV., 238; V., 30 seq., 33; VII., Field guns: imported from France, Forrest, N. B.: L, 192; cavalry com- Fort Hatteras, N. C.: I., 350: VI.,

102; hospital for wounded, VII., V., 157; field-pieces, V., 170. mand, I., 360, 368; II., 168, 170, 100, 102, 268,269,310.

231; "Constitution" and "In- "Fighting Joe" (see also Hooker, 204,322,328,330,332,342,344, Fort Heiman, IV., 163.

trepid" balloons at, VIII., 375, J.), II., 204. 348, 350; III., 124, 252, 257, "Fort Hell," Va.: (see also Fort

377; "Intrepid" being inflated at, "Fighting McCooks," II., 170. 326, 330, 332, 338, 344; IV., 20, Sedgwick). I., 135; III., 203, 279,

VIII. , 379; T. S.C.Lowe, complet- Fillebrown, J. S., II., 29. 34, 77, 116, 134, 137, 138, 139, 337; X., 213.

[2o ED.] [ 333 ]

V

FORT HENRY

INDEX

GEMSBOK

Fort Henry, Term.: I., 110, 171 *«/.,
215,223;II.,321;artilieryat,V.,42,
44, 204, 251.254; VI., 149, 209,214,

312; VII., 22, Oil, OS; IX., 97, 271.
Fort Hill, Miss., II., 222; VI., 149.
Fort Hindman, Ark.. II., 330.
Fort Hindman. U. S. S., VI., 232.
Fort Huger, Mobile, Ala., VI., 260.
Fort Jurluon, T.a.: surrender of,
I., 226, 227, 230, 234, 3(52; VI.,
119, 189, 194, 197, 201. 210, 314.
Fort Jackson, U. S. S. : II!., 342; VI.,

61.
Fort James, Ogeechee River, Ga.,

VI., 31(i.

Fort Johnson, James Island, S. C.:

I., 349, 366; H.,333; III., 173,320.

Fort Johnson, Morris Island, S. C.:

interior of. V., 179; IX., 40.
Fort Johnson, Sandusky Bay,

Ohio, VII., 69.
Fort Lafayette, N. Y.: VII., 34, 38,

40, 54 seg.; 50, 13(i, 198, 202.
Fort Lincoln, D. C'.: V., !»4, 105;

colored infantry at, IX., 177.
Fort Lincoln, Kan., I., 06.
Fort Livingston, La., VI., 314.
Fort Lyon, Ya., V., 85.
Fort McAllister, Ga.: I., 35, 42, 80
Kf].; III., 225, 220, 227, 22!). 231,
233, 235, 23(5, 340; guns at, V.,
263: VI., 121, 230, 241, 272, 310,
318; where Sherman's march,
ended, VIII., 219; signalling fro:n,
Vm.,W4,335; IX., 169.
Fort McGilvery, Va.: III., 206; V.,

213.
Fort McHenry, Chesapeake Bav,

Md.: VII., 3S, 50, 198.
Fort Maeon, N. C.: I., 202; IX., 09.
Fort McPherson, Ya., V., 102.
Fort McRee, Fla.: I., 347, 354; V.,
57; VIII., 106, 107; Confederate
drill in, VIII., 156, 157.
Fort Magruder, Ya.: I., 268, 270-

272; V., 31.

Fort Mahone. Ya.: HI., 203, 205,
271, 279, 289, 290, 336; V., 215;
dead in trenches, IX., 191.
Fort Mannahusset, Tex., VI., 322.
Fort Marcy, Va.: V., 85; N. Y.
Fourth Artillery at, V., 97; its
armament, V., 97; VIII., 88.
Fort Marion. St. Augustine, Fla.:
II., 347, 3*9; bastions of, II., 351.
Fort Meikle, Va., III., 207.
Fortress Monroe, Va.: I., 51- III.,
15, 17; V., 26 seq., 1 10, 228, 230;
VI., 22 seq., 246, 308, 310, 312
315; VII., 40, 107, 109, 110, 259;
regimental hand at, VIII., 233;
IX., 297, 299; scene at, IX., 349.
Fort Morgan, Ala.: III., 319 seq.,
328; V., 263; VI., 201, 242, 245,
247, 249, 250, 253, 254, 314, 322;
water battery. IX., 105; light
house, IX., 107.
Fort Morton, Va.: I., 34; III., 179,

195. 200; V., 95.

Fort Moultrie, S. C.: I., 24, 99; II.,
332. 335; HI., 172, 173, 333; V.,
118; powerful guns in, V., 118;
VI., 179; spiked guns, VIII., 60;
battery near, IX., 42, 227.
Fort Xegley, Nashville, Term.: III.,

250, 259 *<•(]., 201.
Fort No. 7, Atlanta, Ga.: III., 130-

V., 173.

Fort No. 8, Atlanta, Ga., V., 173
Fort No. 9, Atlanta, Ga., V., 173.
Fort Oc.racoke, Beacon Island,

N. C., VI., 310.
Fort Pemberton, Miss.: II., 33')-

VI., 208.

Fort Pensacola. Fla., VI., 16.
Fort Pickens, Flu.: I., 4, 86; V., 33
57,59, 159; VI., 10, 19, 111; VIII.,
106, 107, 156.
Fort Pike, La., VI., 314.
Fort Pillow, Tenn.: evacuation by
C mfederates,I.,223,225, 235 302
360; IV., 153; VI., 83, 148, 149*
218, 222, 314.

Fort Pitt. Pittsburg. Pa., V., 137.
Fort Powell, Ala.: VI., 250, 250 320

322.

Fort Powhatan, Ya., V., 300.
Fort Pulaski, Ga.: I., 300, 361; III ,
229; V., 110; paranets after the
capture, V., 147, 255, 259, 261;
VI., 237, 313: VII., 105; VIII., 2"9
Fort Putnam, 8. C., V., 179.
Fort Randolph, Tenn., I., 236, 240

249.
Fort Reno, D. C., V., 94.

[2o ED.]

Fort Rice. Va.. III.. 207.

Fort Richardson, near Savage Sta
tion, Va., L, 381.

Fort Rii hardson, Arlington Heights,
Va., sally-port of,I.,55; drillof big
guns in, L, 69;IIL, 153: V., 78,79.
Fort Ridgly, Minn., VIIL, 79.
Fort Ripley, S. C., VIIL, 79.
Fort Royal, Va., IX., 87.
Fort Runyon, Va.: V., 76, 90, 98;
N. Y. Seventh assists in building,
VIIL, 67.

Fort St. Philip, La.: the capture of,
I., 226; surrender of, I., 234, 302;
VL, 119, 187, 189, 194, 198, 201,
210, 314.

Fort Sanders, Tenn., II., 338, 339.
Fort Sawyer, Va., L, 119.
Fort Scott, D. C., V., 94.
Fort Scott, Kan., V., 180.
Fort Scott, Mo. (see also Dry

Wood, Mo.), I., 350.
Fort Sedgwick: (see also "Fort
Hell," Petersburg, Va.), III., 203,
205, 207, 279, 334, 337, 338; V.,
215; bomb-proof quarters of, V.,
217.

Fort Slocum, D. C., V., 94.
Fort Smith, Mazzard Prairie, Ark.,

III., 328.

Fort Snelling, Minn., VIIL, 79.
Fort Stedman, Va.: L, 34, 285; III.,
179, 206, 280, 282, 285, 280, 344;
V., 195; capture of, VIIL, 357,
368; IX., 32.

Fort Stevens, D. C.: I., 60, 08: III.,
140, 148, 151, 155, 326; V., 85, 94,
101.

Fort Strong, Va., V., 95.
Fort Sumner, Md.: L, 299, 301; V.,

99, 105, 110; X., 118, 119.
FortSumter.S. C.: I., 4, 39; Southern
flag floating over, L, 85; after
bombardment, L, 99; breach in
walls of, L, 101; fall of, L, 142,
143, 144, 147; IL, 319, 332, 333,
335, 337, 342; severest bombard
ment in all history, namely that
of, IL, 333; III., "170, 172", 173,
331, 333; morning and evening
gunsat, V., 109, 111, 115, 119, 155,
211; VL, 16, 19, 22, 23, 76, 80,
120, 126, 179, 238, 239, 318, 320,
322; VIL, 26; effect of first gun
on the North, VIIL, 70; interior
view of, VIIL, 163; telegrapher's
bomb-proof, VIIL, 347; Con
federates in, April 15, 1861, IX.,
40; a gun trained on Charleston,
IX., 40; northeastern angle and
eastern face, IX., 40; two days
after the bombardment, IX., 41;
Stars and Bars in, IX. ,42; north
west angle showing casemates,
IX., 42; western barracks and
parade, IX., 43; bombardment of,
IX., 43; officers' quarters, IX., 43;
shattered flagstaff, IX., 43; in
terior face of gorge, IX., 43, 44,
51, 333, 336, 337; in ruins, IX.,
33(5-337; deserted, IX., 338; cele
bration, IX., 338.
Fort Taylor, La., VI., 318.
Fort Totten, D. C.: V., 81, 85, 94;

Colurnbiads at, V., 103,
Fort Tracy, Ala., VL, 260.
Fort Valverde, N. Mex., I., 358
Fort Wadsworth, Va., V., 215.
Fort Wagner, S. C.: (see also Fort
Gregg, S. C.), IL, 335; siege of
II., 342; III., 172; effect of firing
from, V., 114, 118, 151; VL, 121
173, 238, 274, 313.
Fort Walker, S. C.: L, 354, 357- VI

58, 103, 270, 310.

Fort Warren, Mass.: L, 191- VI
294; VIL, 38, 40, 54 seq., 56, 65;
prisoners in, VIL, 123, 133, 135'
139, 102, 198; spies taken to,

Fort Whipple, Va.: battery in de
fense of, V., 83; Napoleon guns
at, V., 152; VIIL, 255.

Fort Woodbury, Va., V., 85, 95.

Fortifications: L, 265; permanent,
^ arming of, V., 150.

Forts:twothatneversurrendered,IL,
333, 335, 337; inadequacy of, for
confinement of prisoners, VIL, 38

Forwood, W. IL, VIL, 224.

Fossee, Maj., VIIL, 304.

Foster, H. C.: II. , 201 ; Ohio cavalry
IL. 322; V., 209.

Foster, J. G.: HI., 244, 326- IX,
169 ;X., 191, 226.

Foster, J. P., I., 77.

Foster, J. R., IX., 342 seq.

Foster, J. S., II., 322, 326, 348

Foster, J. T., VIII., 248.

Foster, J. W., II., 344.

Foster, R. S.: VII., 209; X., 203, 292.

Foster, S. C.: IX., 344; songs of, IX.,

346.

Foster, U. S. S., crew of. VI., 265.
Foster's Infantry, Confederate, I.,

350.

Foulke, A., sutler tent of, VIII., 247.
Four Mile Bridge, Vicksburg, Miss.,

Camp Fisk at, I., 108.
Four Mile Creek, Va., VI., 27.5.
"Four distinguished Confederate

physicians," VII., 249.
Fox, G. V., VI., 52, 93, 132. 243.
Fox, W. F., X., 156; quoted from
"Regimental Losses in the Civil
War," X., 158.
Fralick, J. H., VIII., 319.
Francis, Martha, IX., OS.
Franco-Prussian War, I., 30.
Frankel, C., I., 14.
Franklin, B. B.: quoted, II., S3, 84,

86, 90, 91, 100.

Franklin, W. B.: I., 51, 314, 325,
327, 328, 368; II., 02, 00, 324, 328,
352; V., 26 seq., 38; VI., 227, 320;
X., 183, 202.

Franklin, Tenn.: II., 205, 332. 336;
III., 252, 260, 33S, 340; battle of,
IV., 153, 256; V., 50, 214, 254;
VII., 250, 200; VIII., 103.
Franklin, Va., VI., 310.
Franklin and Nashville: the battles

of, III., 252-270.

Franklin Crossing, Rapp.ihannock
River, Va.: II., 91, 330; bridge
at, V., 223.

Franklin Road, Tenn., II., 170.
Frank's Battery, P., I., 338.
Frauds: perpetrated on the Govern
ment, VIII., 56.
Frayser's Farm, Va., I., 366.
Frazer, J. W., II., 342; X., 275.
Frazier's command, Confederate, I.,

360.

Frederick, Md.: II., 58. (50; III., 144.
Frederick City, Md., II., (Hi.
Fredericks Hall, Va., IV., 90.
Fredericksburg, Va.: I., view of, from
the banks of the Rappahannock
River, I., 26, 27, 36, 120, 132,
280, 297, 302; II., 9, 44,
79, 80, 82, 83, 87; river-bank,
IL, 89; ruined house at, II., 89;
Union losses, fire and destruction
at, 89, 90, 96; Lacy House, II.,
97; National Cemetery, IL, 98,
102, 105, 106, 110, "112, 120;
stormy and bloody assaults, II.,
122, 123, 125; Federal battery at,
II., 127, 128, 238, 334, 336; III.,
47; wounded at, III., 49, 53,
56; IV., 96, 171, 190; Early's
troops in, V., 16: assault by Sixth
Corps, V., 16, 21, 27; artillery,
Federal, at, V., 38, 58, 62; guns
massed at Hamilton's Crossing,
V., 66; entrenchments, Confeder
ate at, V., 202; bridges at, V.,
213, 280, 290; VII., 254, 268, 308;
U. S. Sanitary Commission at,
VII., 19, 326, 338; Sixth Vermont
at, VIII., 65, 97, 99, 100, 229, 230,
282; signal corps reeonnoitering,
VIIL, 323, 326; battle of, IX., 21,
69, 148, 157, 190, 193, 195; camp
at, IX., 197; Marye's house at,
IX., 197; second battle of, IX.,
197; cemetery at, IX., 281; Ber
nard House, ruins of, IX., 287;
battlefield of, IX., 287; ruins, IX.,
315; X.,130; losses at, X.,142,156.
Fredericksburg Heights, Ya.,V.,234.
Fredericksburg Road, Va., III., 320.
Frederiektown, Mo., I., 352.
Freeborn, U. S. S., I., 348; VI., 97,

99, 308, 318.

Freeman, M. D., VI., 301.
Freeman's Cav., Confederate, I. ,354.
Freeman's Ford, Ya.: II., 322;

skirmish at, IL, 320.
Fremantle, A. J., quoted, IX., 215.
Fremont, C., I., 363 seq.
Fremont, Mrs. C., I., 363 seq.
Fremont, J. C.: I., 181, 306, 307,
309, 310; II., 20, 22; IV., 102; X.,
177, 186.

"Fremont Rifles," VIIL, 82.
French, F. S., IL, 07, 72.
French, S. G.: IL, 348; III., 210,
218, 332; X., 277.

French, W. H.: divisioi of, at
Fredericksburg, IL, 81, 267; III.,
30 ;X., 181, 196.

French Canadians recruiting in
Wisconsin regiments, VIIL, 75.

Freret, W., I., 105.

Frescott, J. E., VII., 133.

Friedland, losses at, X., 140.

Friends' Meeting House, Alexan
dria, Va., VII., 234.

Frietchie, Barbara, IL, 58, 60.

Front Royal, Va.: I., 302, 307, 308,
364; Hi., 162.

Frost, D. M.: L, 172, 367; X., 279.

Frost, G. W., VI. , 109.

Fry, B. D., X., 111.

Fry, J., I., 366.

Fry, J. B., I., 102.

Fry, S. S.. X., 207.

Fuller, J. W., X., 91.

Fullman, G. T., VL, 301.

Fulton, Mo., L, 348.

Funkstown, Md., IV., 88.

Funsten, O., IV., 98.

Furloughs: disadvantages ot, I., 120;
convalescent soldiers, VIIL, 43.

G

Gabions, construction and uses V.,

207.

Gadsden. Ala., VIL, 145.
Gaines, E. B., IX., 285.
Gaines, C. S. S., VL, 252, 254.
Gaines' Battery, Confederate, I. ,358.
Gaines' Hill, Va., balloon camp,

VIIL, 373.

Gaines' Mill, Va.: L, 115,122,281,
285, 317, 319, 321, 324, 325, 327
330, 342, 343, 306; III., 115, 322-
IV., 220, 222. 225 seq.; V., 21, 30
seq., 230; VIIL, 129; losses at, X.,
142, 156.

Gainesville, Fla., III., 328.
Gainesville, Va.: II., 48, 322; V.,

34 seq.

Galena, U. S. S.: L, 110, 276,

333, 304; III., 96; VL, 137, 138,

139, 165, 247, 314: VIIL, 317, 324.

Gallatin. Tenn., IL, 320.

Gallego Flour Mills, Richmond,

Va.. IX., 31)6.
Gait, F. L., VL, 301.
Galveston, Tex.: IL, 330; VL, 45,

208, 272, 308, 310, 310.
Galveston Harbor, Tex.: L, 354-

VL, 322.

Gamble, W., IX., 265.
Gamble's Separate Cavalry Bri
gade, IX., 265.

Gambling: passion for, among
prisoners of the war, VII., 131,
132, 134.

Gano, R, M., X., 315.
"Garde de Lafayette" (see N. Y.
Fifty-fifth Inf.), L, 69; VIIL, 97.
Garden, A.: L, 40, 42, 43, 60, 113;
photograph, V., 195; VIIL, 4, 14;
secret service, VIIL, 23, 31.
Gardner, F.: IL, 213, 224, 332; III.,

342; X., 271.
Gardner, J. A.: L, 23, 32; III., 177,

179; V., 14.

Gardner, W. M.: VIL, 40; X., 265.
Garfield, .1. A.: L, 180, 363; VIL,

348; VIIL, 275; X., 19.
Garibaldi Guard, (Italian) uniforms

of, VIIL, 80.

Garland, S., Jr : IL, 324: X., 149.
Garnett, R. B.: IL, 263, 204 ; X., 153.
Garnett, R. S.. X., 147, 242.
Garnett'a Farms, Va., L, 366.
Garrard, K.: III., 105, 328; IV., 326.
Garrard, T. T., X., 207.
Garrott, I. W., X., 255.
Gartrell, L. J., X., 265.
Gary, M. W.. X., 285.
Gas-generators for balloons, VIIL,

374.

Gassaway, F. IL, IX., 196-199, 201.
Gaston, C. A., VIIL, 364.
Gate City Guard, Atlanta, Ga., IX.,

159.

Gates, H., V., 33.
Gatlin, R. C., X., 279.
"Gay and Happy," IX., 348.
"GayandHappy 'Still, "IX., 186, 349.
Gayle, R. PL, VIL, 135.
Gaylesville, Ala., III., 218.
Geary, J. W.: IL, 250, 258, 300, 302,
318, 320, 346; III., 125; V., 132;
X., 4.
Gee, Major, VIL, 92; acquittal of,

VIL, 180.
Gemsbok, U. S. S., I., 362.

[334]

GENERAL OFFICERS

INDEX

GRAYSVILLE

General Officers, Roster of Confed
erate and Union, X., 301 ; Union
army, X., 302-317; Confederate
army, X., 318-321.

General Orders Nos. 100 and 207,
VII., 112.

General Beaitregard, C. S. S.: I., 235,
242 seq.; VI., 85, 222.

General Bragg, C. S. S.: I., 238, 246;
VI., 83, 221.

General Burnside, U. S. S., VI., 233.

General Dir, landing of the military
engine, V., 239.

General Gran', V. S. S., VI., 233.

General Lovell, C. S. S.: I., 242; VI.,
192, 222.

General M. Jeff. Thompson, C. S. S.,
I., 246.

General Parkhill, ship, VI., 122.

General Polk, C. S. S., VI., 218.

General Price, C. S. S.: I., 235, 237,
238, 242 seq.; VI., 85, 151, 222.

General Rusk. C. S. S., VI., 45.

General Sherman, U. S. S., VI., 233.

General Tiwmis, U. S. S., VI., 233.

General Van Dorn. C. S. S.: I., 237,
23S, 246; VI., 222.

Genesee, U. S. S., VI., 217.

Genito, Va., V., 266.

George, G. H., IV., 95.

George Page, C. S. S., VI., 84.

George. Peaboriy, U. S. S., VI., 100.

Georgetown, D. C.: I., 167; block
house at Chain bridge, V., 75, 94,
96; Forest Hail prison at, VII.,
85; Seminary Hospital, VII., 283.

Georgetown College, D. C., IX., 19.

Georgetown Ferrv, D. C., VIII., 81-

Georgia secedes, 1 , 346.

Georgia troops:

Infniitr//: Second, II., 71; X.,
156; Third, I., 3:i2; Fourth, VIII.,
145; IX., 214; Fifth, I., 352; VIII.,
139, 141; IX., 244 seq.: X., 121,
losses at Chickamauga, Ga., Con
federate, X., 15S; Seventh, I., 350;
Eighth, I., 350, 364; Ninth, I.,
364; losses at Gettysburg, Pa.,
Confederate, X., 158; Tenth, I.,
364; losses at Antietam, Md.,
Confederate, X., 158; Twelfth, I.,
354, 362, 364; Thirteenth, I., 360;
X., 156; Fifteenth, losses at
Gettysburg, Pa., X., 158; Seven
teenth, losses at Manassas, Va.,
X., 15X; Eighteenth, losses at
Antietam, Md., X., 158; Twen
tieth, II., 71; Twenty-first, losses
at Manassas, Va., X., 158; Forty-
fourth, I., 322; losses at Me-
chanicsville, Va., X., 15S; Forty-
seventh, I., 366; militia, III., 338.
Second Battalion, IX., 25.

Georgia, C. S. S., VI., 296.

"Georgia Volunteer," grave of, IX.,
283.

Germanna Ford, Va.: III., 17, 24,
25, 37, 3S, 40; IV., 119.

Germanna Plank Road, IX., 61.

Germans: volunteers of, in the Army
of the Potomac, I., 309; recruiting
of, in Wisconsin regiment, VIII.,
75;inConfederatearmy, VIII., 120.

Germantown, U. S. S., VI., 54, 142.

Gertrude, C. S. S., VI., 309.

Getty, G. W.: II., 81, 100; III..40.43;
headquarters of, VIII.,231 ; X., 199.

Getty, II., VI., 221.

Gettys, J., II., 234.

Gettysburg, Pa.: I., 28, 59, 68, 70,
71; fighting at, rarely paralleled
in history, I., 73, 75, 103 seq., 107,
122, 132. 147; II., 9, 106, 203, 226
seq., 231; Confederate soldiers
at, II., 231, 233; view of, on
day Lincoln dedicated National
Cemetery at, II., 233; high-water
mark of the Civil War, II., 234-
267; Baltimore Turnpike, II., 236;
Carlisle Road, II., 236; Ceme
tery Ridge, II., 236 seq.; Dev
il's" Den, II., 236 seq.; Harris-
burg Road, II., 236; Little Round
Top, II., 236 seq.; Mumrnasburg
Road, II., 23'); Oak Hill, II., 236;
Plum Run, II., 236; Round Top,
II., 236 seij.; Seminarv Ridge, II.,
236 seq.; North and 'South, feel
ings of. before, II., 238; Union
and Confederate armies, marches
of, before, II., 240, 242; Seminary
Ridge, II., 243; Federal dead at,
II., 243; Federal loss at, II., 245;
Confederate loss at, II., 245;
Trostle's House, II., 247; Devil's

[«D ED.]

Den, the stronghold of the Con
federate sharpshooters, II., 249;
Little Round Top, II., 251, 253;
Valley of Death, II., 254, 255:
Union and Confederate losses after
second day's fighting at, II., 256;
Little Round Top, II., 258; gate to
cemetery at, II., 259; Cemetery
Ridge, II., 260; Little Round Top,
II., 260; Meade's headquarters at,
II., 261, 267, 270, 272, 294. 340;
III., 28: IV., 32, 45, 50, 84, 88;
horses killed at, IV., 103, 197; cav
alry scouts at White's house,
IV.', 291, 218, 230. 232, 235;
light artillery in, V., 39; Penn
sylvania batteries at, V., 40;
Confederate guns, V., 71; Peach
Orchard, V., 74; memories of, V.,
72 seq., 132; Federal entrench
ments at, V., 214, 234, 200, 296;
VII., 112, 265; wounded at, VII.,
31)0, 301; hospital at, VII., 301,
313; New York Herald's battle
report, VIII., 2.9; roads to, VIII.,
36, 63, 65, 100, 102, 118, 120, 122;
campaign, VIII.. 124. 128, 130, 132,
173, 204, 230; Confederate Signal
Corps, headquarters, VIII., 327;
Lutheran Seminary, VIII., 327;
Confederate Signal Corps at,
VIII., 328; Union telegraphers.
VIII., 345, 350; IX., 22, 34,
37; battle of, IX., 79, 190; dedi
cation of, High Water Mark
Monument, IX., 204; Devil's Den,
fate of sharpshooters in, IX., 205,
207; battle of, IX., 211; Gulp's Hill
at, IX., 213, 217; Twenty-fifth an
niversary of battle of, IX., 218;
Round Top at, IX.,221; Cemetery
Ridge, IX., 225; Devil's Den, Con
federate sharpshooter killed at,
IX., 225; dedication, IX., 255; cam
paign, IX., 313, 346, 350; complete
plan of battles, X., 68, 116, 156;
percentage table of Federal loss -s
at, X., 68, 124 seq.

"Gettysburg," J. J. Roche, IX., 204.

"Gettysburg,"E.C.Stedman,IX.,24.

"Gettysburg! — A Battle Ode," G.
P. Lathrop, IX., 218-226.

"Gettysburg Address," A. Lincoln,
II., 234.

Gettysburg, U. S. S., III., 342.

Gholson, S. J., X., 275.

Gholson, W. G.: III., 342; IV., 132.

Gibbon, J.: II., 88, 237, 320, 328;
III., 87: IX., 193; X., 192.

Gibbons, J. S., IX., 344.

Gibbs, A., IV., 242.

Gibbs, G. C., VII., 84.

Gibbs, W., VII., 330.

"Gibraltar of the West," Vicks-
burg, Miss., II., 188.

Gibson, H., VII., 20.

Gibson, H. C., I., 287.

Gibson, H. G.: Third United States
Art., I., 281; II., 90; V., 33.

Gibson, H. M., I., 287.

Gibson, R. L., II., 348; X., 273.

Giesboro: near Washington, D. C!,
IV., 33; cavalry depot at, IV.,
33 seq., 35; government horse
shoeing shop at, IV., 68; cavalry
station at, IV., 320; barracks at,
IV., 325 seq., 327 seq.; Fort Car
rol at, IV., 333.

Giffen, I. N., IX., 64.

Gilbert, C. C., II., 326.

Gilbert, C. G., X., 233.

Gilbert, J. J., X., 205.

Gilchrist, R. C., I., 89.

Gilder, R. W., IX., 37, 106, 109,
250, 251.

Gildersleeve, B. L., VIII., 110, 115.

Gildersleeve, J. R., VII., 282.

Gill, Miss A. L., X., 2.

Gill, J. M., VII., 221.

Gillems, A. C., III., 338.

Gillmore, Q. A.: II., 342, 349; III.,
92, 95; V., 110, 118, 147, 154, 259;
headquarters of, VI., 236, 238,
313; VIII., 229, 347; IX., 51, 337,
.338; X., 175, 210.

Oilman, D. C., quoted, IX., 30.

Gilman, J. E., X., 7, 25, 296.

Gilman, J. H., V., 59.

Gilmer, J. F., V., 257, 320.

Gilmer, Mrs., VII., 296.

Gilmor, H., IV., 283.

Gilmore, P. S., IX., 342.

Giltner, H. L.: II., 346; III., 332.

"Gimlet," horse of J. C. Babcock,
VIII., 4.

Girardey, V. J., X., 157.

Gist, S. R., III., 340, X., 157.

Gladden, A. H.: I., 360; X., 149, 256.

Gladstone, W. E., L, 88.

Glasgow, Ky., IV., 146, 154.

Glasgow, Mo., III., 338.

Glassell, W. T., VI., 267.

Glen Allen Station, Va., IV., 124.

Glendale, Va.: L, 122, 334, 336,
366; V., 30 seq.; X., 156.

Glenn, J., IX., 319.

Glenn, Mr., VII., 147.

' 'Glimpses of the Confederate
Army," VIII., 106.

Glisson, O. S., VI., 21.

Globe Tavern, Va., III., 199, 204.

Glorietta, N. Mex., I., 360.

Gloskaski, J., VIII., 321.

Gloucester Point, Va., II., 111.

Goddard, C., X., 19.

Godwin, A. C., III., 332.

Gold: scarcity caused by Southern
agents in the North, VIII., 300.

Golding's Farms, Va., I., 366.

Goldsboro, N. C.: II., 326; III., 248.

Goldsborough, L. M.: VI., 118, 120,
125, 152,263,268,312.

Golgotha, Ga., III., 322.

Goode's Bridge, Va., V., 266.

Goodman, a quartermaster, VII., 90.

Good's Battery, Confederate, I. ,358.

Goodwin, A. G., X., 157.

Goodwin, H. E., VII., 63.

Gordon, G. H.: X., 213.

Gordon, G. W., X., 299.

Gordon, James B. : III., 320: IV., 43,
242; IX., 32; X., 155.

Gordon, John B.: I., 16; quoted, II.,
294; III., 50, 52, 64, 90, 141, 152,
155, 158, 162, 164, 203, 278, 280,
282, 283, 285, 28(5, 308, 311, 326,
342, 344, 346; IV., 268; VIII., 110;
quoted, IX., 18, 34, 195; X., 247,
248, 250, 298.

Gordon, Ga., III., 232.

Gordon Hospital, Nashville, Tenn.,
VII., 286.

Gordon's Landing, La., VI., 318.

Gordonsville, Va.: II., 14, 18, 22,
26, 104, 105; III., 36, 38, 340.

Gorgas, .L, V., 15S, 161.

Gorman, W. A., X., 217.

Gorman, W. O., L, 147.

Gosden, W., IV., 166.

Gosport Navy Yard, Va., V., 80; VI.,
82.

Goss, W. L., VII., 148.

Goudy, J., VI., 223.

Goule'y, J. W. S., VII., 226.

Govan, D. C.. X., 259.

Government oven on wheels,VIII.,49.

Government workshops, VIII., 41.

Governor, U. S. S., VI., 19, 270.

Governor Buckingham, U. S. S.,
III., 342.

Governor Moore, C. S. S., VI., 191,
192, 198.

Gowin, W., VI., 306.

Grace Church, Alexandria, Va.,
VII., 234.

"Grace Darling," Lee's charger,
IV., 300.

Gracie, A., Jr., III., 192; X., 157.

Gracie's Salient, Va., III., 203, 285.

Grady,H.W.:IX.,31, 32; oration by,
"The New South," IX., 304-322,
306, 307, 308, 311, 313, 315, 319,
323, 325.

Grady, W. S., IX., 320.

Graham, C. K., VII., 45; X., 221.

Graham, J., VII., 249.

Graham, L. P., X., 311.

Graham, W. M., IV., 232, 234.

Grahamville, S. C., III., 340.

Grampus, C. S. S., VI., 218.

Cranberry, H.B.: III., 340; X., 157.

Grand Armv of the Republic: I.,
19; III., "347; disbandment of,
VIII., 260; IX., 34, 93; organiza
tion of society, X., 288; badge of,
X., 294; pensions, X., 294; Ladies'
Society of, X., 296; membership
of, X., 296; commanders-in-chief,
X., 296.

Grand Coteau, La.. II., 346.

Grand Eeore, La., VI., 225, 228, 232.

Grand Gulf, Miss.: II., 1,81, 189,
200, 214, 216, 218, 334; III., 219;
VI., 148, 318.

Grand Junction, Tenn., II., 204.

Grand Prairie, Ark., L, 368.

Grand Review, 1865, Washington,
D. C.: III., 349; Federal Cav.
and their reward, IV., 257; Am
bulances in, VII., 11; VIII.,. 39;

IX., 109, 233, 235, 237, 259; X.,
162, 163, 290.

Grand River, Mo., II., 320.

Granger, G.: -II., 178, 274, 286;
headquarters of, at Rossville Gap,
Tenn., II., 287, 301, 344; IV., 34;
VI., 245, 252, 253, 256, 260, 322;
IX., 247; X., 175, 182.

Granite, U. S. S., I., 356.

Grant, A., VI., 192.

Grant, F. D.: I., 18; III., 9 seq., 11,
14 seq.; IV., 292; IX., 119; X., 47.

Grant, Mrs. F. D., IX., 119.

Grant, G., L, 297.

Grant, J., VII., 17.

Grant, J. R., III., 13; IX., 119.

Grant, Mrs. J. R., IX., 119.

Grant, Julia, IX., 119.

Grant, L. A.: Col. Fifth Vermont
Inf., IX., 154, 155; X., 125.

Grant, Nellie. IX., 119.

Grant, U. S.: L, 17, 19, 39, 40, 43,
68 ;withstaff,I., 81,95, 96seg., 116,
118, 119, 122, 123.124sey.,127,12S
seq., 132, 133, 174 seq., 178 «•</.,
179, 181 seq., 194,198seg.,200 seq.;
headquarters on the Tigress, U.
S. S., I., 203. 208, 209, 214, 248,
360, 365; II., 11, 142, 183, 188,
193,198.199,203,205,226,234,264;
at Thomas' headquarters, 1863,
II., 290 seq., 296, 318, 321, 340,
345; III., 13, 14, 22, 26; at
Meade's headquarters, Brandy
Station, Va., III., 29; "I propose
to fight it out on this line if it
takes all summer!" III., 33, 45,
46, 52, 53, 59, 60, 62, 68, 70, 77,
78, 80, 84, 87, 88, 89, 92, 94, 104,
106, 134, 138, 140, 142, 150, 151,
188, 194, 197, 198, 204, 218, 220,
221, 238, 248, 278, 280, 282, 287,
294, 300, 304, 308, 309, 310, 312,
318, 321, 346; IV., 21, 33, 34,
40, 4.3, 49, 98, 103, 110, 126, 127,
130, 133, 155, 185, 203, 205, 207,
210, 211, 212, 255, 258, 263, 292,
296; V., 23, 42, 44, 100, 187 206,
208, 214, 216, 234. 240, 242, 260,
262, 268, 276, 296, 320: VI., 37,
114, 207, 214, 230, 234, 238, 258,
275; VII., 39 seq., 98, 99, 103, 111,

118, 172, 176, 209, 230, 240, 254
seq., 270, 309 seq.; VIII., 17, 22;
scout message to, VIII., 26; joins
Sheridan, VIII., 30; concentra
tion of troops at City Point,
Va., VIII., 43, 95, 102, 132, 134,
198, 202 seq., 206, 209, 226, 240,
248; campaign against Lee, VIII.,
250-256, 283, 330, 336, 340;
quoted on army telegraph, VIII.,
341 seq., 345; illness and death of,
IX., 32, 97, 108, 111; with staff,
IX., 113; inauguration, IX., 117;
inscription on tomb, IX., 117,

119, 124, 126, 127, 130, 182, 243,
288; personal memoirs, K., 290,
308, 317, 322; X., 19; during the
wilderness, X., 29; on Lookout
Mountain, X., 30, 32; in 1863, X.,
33; before Vicksburg, X., 35;
after Vicksburg, X., 35; at United
States Military Academv, X., 36;
in 1864, X., 37; his ancestors, X.,
38; in the autumn of 1863, X.,
39; in the autumn of 1864, X., 39;
death of, X., 40; self-confidence
of, X., 40; at City Point, in June,
1864, X., 41; his skill as drill-
master, X., 42; on his first trio
north, X., 43; at Shiloh, X., 44; in
1865.X. ,45 Designation from army,
July 31, 1854, X., 46; with staff in
1864, X., 47; with Gen'i Rawlins,
X., 49; at City Point, Va., 1865,
X., 49; as an author, X., 50;
policies as President, X., 50; gen
erosity of, toCpnfederates.X., 136;
war horse "Cincinnati," X., 301.

Grant, U. S., Jr., IX., 119.
Grant, U. S., 3d, IX., 119.
Grant, Mrs. U. S.: III., 13; IX., 119.
Grapevine Bridge, Va., bridge across

the Chickahominy river at, I.,

279, 299.

Grappe's Bluff, La., VI., 229.
Gratiot Street Prison, St. Louis,

Mo., VII., 44, 46, 54 seq., 65 seq.
Gravelotte, losses at, X., 140.
Grave'sTnfantrv, Confederate, I., 350.
Gray, M. M., VI., 267.
"Grays." N.Y. Eighth Inf., VIII., 91.
Graysville, Ga., headquarters of,

R. W. Johnson, III., 105.

[335]

GREAT EMANCIPATOR INDEX HEIXTZELMAN

"Great Emancipator," Lincoln, A.. Potomac Hiver.VL, 92 ««.; first on Hampton W: II 320 340 350; Harrisonburg Va : I 308 366;

T gj Western rivers VI, 214; bayou ex- III, 42, 198, 324, 330, 332, 342, 111., las; IV, 102. 1O4, liJ, lit.

Cre'lt Falls Md I 34S neditions of VI, 220; on" upper 344; IV, 41, 96, 108, 110, 128, Harrodsburg, Ky., II, 326.

G™ Oge^River V 169. Tennes^e R.ver VI.', 233 in 203, 262, 269 «r? 274 s,fe 276, arrow W, X 91.

Creek lire used bv incemli'irics Fdisto River VI, 236; Web- 280; VII, 203; VIII, 3f>4; IX., 4 1 ; Hart, A. B, IX, 219.

Vin -n-> footed " VI ''37 262 203; char- garden of, IX, 313; X, 247, 252. Hart. J. E., VI, 217.

Greclex" Horace: II, 31, 70; in acter of, purchased, VI, 271; Hampton, Va.: I, 200 262; Chesa- Hart N VIII, 287.

\ S' TrilniiK VIII 0-i '"'I- activitv of on James River, VI, peake hospital at. VII, 23.?. Hart s Battery, L, 358.

IX 297 "ri 347 275,-Q 165. Hampton Roads, Va.: I, 220, 239, Ilarte, Francis Bret: IX, 35, 182,

Greei\- \.'w.:'VIli, 9, 312, 342, Gunpowder: manufacture of, V, 260,358,364; schooners loaded 206,209,211,233,237.

•i. Y •»>; r'8-C'onfeder-itesupplvof, V.,156. with ammunition at, V, 175; Hartford, Conn., VIII, 62.

Green', \'i.. I, 103. Gunpowder Creek,' Md.; V, SO. VI, 30 ««/., 40, 50, 01, 82. 100, Hartford V. S. S.: I, 72 my., 227,

„ r VI, ll't GunsVmarked " General Magruder, 104, 110, 130, 150, 16.8, 174, 181, 231; II, 210, 211; VI, 22, 48,

n' E ! VIII, 153 Yorktown," in the positions where 209, 283, 310, 312. 55, 184, 1S5, 1S7, 191, 202, 242,

Green M. F. X, 151. they defied Meridian's army a Hampton's Legion: of South Caro- 243, 244, 247, 251, 252, 254, 250,

Gn-en. T.: II, 331, 342, 340, 352; month. I.. 251; siege guns on the lina, I, 295, 350; battery, IV, 318; IX, 107.

VI, 147- X, 153. James River, 1, 311; sea-coast. V, 232; IX, 313; X, 150. Hartranft, J. F., Ill, 282; X, 290.

Green Cha|x-l. Ky., II, 328. 17; siege, V, 24 «•.-.; sca-eoast, V.,, Hancock, W. B., II, 340. Hartshorn, W. H, I, 248.

"Green Mountain Bovs": at drill, 24 «></.; Armstrong, V, 62; Blakely Hancock, W. S.: I, 270; II, 72, 93, Hartsuff, G. L, II, 324; X, 193,

VIII, 64, 65. V, 62- Hotchkiss, V, 62; James, 237, 244, 246, 250, 259, 262; III, 232.

Green River. Ky., IV, 148. V, 62; Parrott, V, 02; Whitworth, 34, 36, 40, 42, 46, 48, 54, 62, 04, Hartsville, Mo., II, 330.

Greenbrier, W. Va.. I, 352. V, 02; captured at Chattanooga, 07, 09, 72, S3. 84, 86, 88, 190, 208, Hartsville, Tenn., II, 168, 326.

Greene F. \ .. VIII, 192. Tenn by Federal army, V, 63, 318; IV, 273; V, 35, 38; VII, HartsviMe Road, Tenn., I, 368.

Greene. G. S.: II, 61, 05, 70, 250; 163; smooth 24-pounder, V, 125; 154; VIII, 98, 177, 232, 246, 252; Hartwood Church, Va, II, 326.

IX, 213; X, 305. naval Dahlgren 11-inch, V., 133; IX, 221 ; X, 179, 190, 192. Harvard Iniversity, Cambridge,
Greene, S. D, VI, 30, 159, 174, 170. Rodman, V, 133; Parrot 8-inch, Handy, E. G, I, 1*. Mass.: IX, 33; Commemoration
Greenhow, K, VII, 200. V, 133; Parrott 10-pounder, V, Handy, I. W. K, VII, 21. ode, J. R. Lowell, IX, 23, 26;
Greenhow, Mrs. Rose ()., and 13.V 20-inch smooth bore, V, Hanging Rock, W. Ya. Same as commemoration services held at,

daughter. VII, 31, 67. 20;), 289. ]37; largest, 137; handling, V, Roniney, W. Va, I, 352. IX, 256.

Greenleaf, C. It.. VII, 2>3. 224. 133; Parrott, V, 139; smooth- Hanging Rock Pass, Ya., I, 356. Jlm-ren liin-k, V. S. S, VI, 310.

Grwnpoint, X. Y, VI, 312. bore. V, 140; Napoleon, V, 14 ); Hannibal, I, 30. Hascall, M. S, X, 93.

Greenville, La, water tank at, IV, field Parrott rifled, V, 140; V, Hanover, Pa, 11,340. Hasker, boatswain oi the Mcrrim/tc,

59 *<•<!., 328. 141; rifled 8-ineh and 10-inch, Hanover, Va.:I,314 ;III,322;V,21. VI, 182.

Greenville, Tenn.: Ill, 33;); IV, V, 150; field guns, battery before Hanover Court House, Va.: I, 2»3, Haslett, W. B, VIII, 33.

176. Sumter, V, 151; siege, V, 170; 343, 364; IV, 203; V, 30 .-r,,. Hatch, E, III, 338; X, 205.

Greenwalt. C., VII, 181. heavy siege on James River, V, Hanover Ferry, Va, IV, 247. Hatch, J. P., V, 34: X, 221.

Greer, E, X, 313. 309." Hanover Junction, Va., IX, 239. Hatcher's Run, Va.: Ill, 278, 287,

Greer, H. I, VIII, 117. Guntersville, Ala, VI, 233. Hanoverstown, Va.: Ill, 82, 322. 293, 338, 340, 342; V, 204.

Greer, R. W., VIII, 117. Guntown, Miss., III., 124. IV, 203, 247. Hatchie River, Miss, and Tenn,

Gregg, D. McM.:IIL, 324, 328, 330, "Guthrie Grays," Cincinnati, ()., Ilaiixa, steamer, I, 60. II, 100.

332, 338, 340, 342; IV, 24; with Ohio Sixth Inf., VIII, 82. Hanson, R. W, II, 336; X, 151. Hats: various styles of, worn by

stall. 29, 32, 41, 53, SI, 86, 128, Guy's Gap, Tenn, II, 340. Hardee, W. ,L: I, 200 spy., 208, soldiers, VIII, 95.

203. 221. 226. 230, 231. 230, 237, Guyandotte, \V. Ya., 1,354. 360; II, 170, 306, 318; III, 108, Hatteras, N. C, VI, 103, 104, 103,

240, 246, 247. 2( 12: V, 37: X, 95. Gwin, W.: I, 204, 205 seq.; II, 115,118,132,134,138,225,220, 283.

Gregg, J. : II, 288, 334; V, 1*7. 200; VI, 310. 227, 236, 238, 246, 248, 330, 340, Ilatt.rus, V. S. S, VI, 294, 316.

Gregg, M, X, 151. 342, 34 1; VII, SO; VIII, 182, 196, Hatteras Fort, N. C. (see also

Cumming's Point, 337, 362; X, 40, 247, 260, 26(i. Fort Hatteras N. C.), VI, 269.

Hardeman, W. P., X, 313. Hatteras Inlet, N. C, VI, 100, 104,

Gregg, I-'Tt, \a. (see also Fort l/abann, ship, VI, 290. Hardie, J. A, X, 311. 115,125268 269

Gregg, Va.), 1,309. Habeas Corpus: .suspension of, by Hardin, M. A, VII, 133. Hatton, R., I, 364- X, 149.

Gresham. \\ . Q, X, 293. order of President Lincoln (1861), Hardin, M. I)., VIII, 109. Haupt. H • II , 125; V , 91 275-

Glibeaiival carriages, V, 56. VII, 194, 190; writ, dates of sus- Harding, A. C, X, 199. working as foreman on the mili-

pension of. VII, 197; writ in the Hardy, S, VIII, 113. tarv railroad, V, 277, 278, 282,

2; III, Nmth, VII, 199, 210, 212; power Harewood Hosnita!, near Washing- 284, 289 294 296

IV, 34, 110 130; at of suspension of, delegated by ton, I). C.: VII, 285, 2M, 295; Havana, Cuba, V, Kit); VI, 291.

•"'iw'1 &' ' ,1 Congress to President Lincoln, ambulance trains at, VII, 313. ll«n-l,,rk; C. S. S., VI, 119.

and .staff. IV, 133 „•<,.. 134, 13,, M«n-h 3, 1863, VII, 202. Harki-r. C. G.: Ill, 102, 117, 122, Hawes, J. M., X, 267.

Zf 1, 202. Hackleman, P. A.: II, 324; X, 137. ;>•>•>• X 139 ll-iwes ^lu.n Y-i TTT V>v- TV

Griffin, C.: I, 159, 162. 105:11,81. Haden, surgeon, VII, 222. Harlan, E.R, I l' 2(VV •> 17

•n"v-*Jj :{ {}atl(JorkViJ'Tv"i£,' US; IX- (i:<" Harlan;j,,hnM.:iv,150,152;X,2(. Hawk'es" surgeon Fiftieth N. Y. Inf.,

, ff v '-Vr TY '"".'//•, Y"'™, ilKan' M- l^;;l^i Hamey, W. S, IV, 2n. VII, 265.

all, V, ,1; IX, 200; X, 20 Hagerstown Md.: II, OS, 70, 240, Harover, " Bill," IV, 329. Hawks, W. J, X, 103.

S-* S. •brr oK ' 7,-i , Harper, K, X, 242. "Hawk's Nest," Lookout Moun-

ffi ', IV is Hagcrs own I'iko Md., II, 63, 07. Harper's Ferry, Va.: L, 142, 302; tain, Tenn., VIII, 325..

,,' Yf •<•>«. Y no schooners on the James River at. Hawk's Nest, W. Va., I, 350.

' B X 279 : ' T"ST V VITT28!-- L' 335; W<""»V<T House, head- Hawkins, R. C, II, 100; X, 225.

«uld ill, K III -W 'n ' v VITT -it * quarters of Gen'l Porter, I., 335 Hawley, J. R, X, 197.

«. W X 20;l \('^" , IIL>r TT . •'««: II, 50, 58 xeq., 63, 73, Hawthorne, A. T, X, 259.

Gro.^,' F.'il VII,226. Halis D^ IV 154 156 ™' 3?3> 321'. 315; m.". l(i- Haxall's, Ya., VI, 77.

•iniVri''i"r\'M "vi'l 23?'* 'II, N. J.: II, 2(1.); charge at Get- ]:i2, 154, 156, 228; arsenal of, Hayes,' J, III, 204; VII, 45.

Grover C • II ''15 'VV>- X •>!! Kofi n H Y ~tKi VIII, 82, 1 1 1 ; bat tie at, IX, 157 ; Hayes, . I. A, IX, 289.

Bton 'Va -II 40 47 V) <•>'> Lk ll" w' T 11, engagement at, IX, 345; X, 110. Haves, R. B.: II, 29; III, 165, 322;

Uroveton, Va.: U., 40, 47, 51 W, llallej-k. H. W.: I H*. 120, ISo, Hnrpcr'* tt'eeklu, artist of. at Gettys- IX, 30; X, 19, 90.

Grubb F B X -M9 '• Vtv" tl burK battlefield, VIII, 31. Havnes' Bluff, Miss.: II, 185, 186,

"( "ml FxHmining P-ISHC-S " ! M6 -V It^fel TTT1! 1', ! n' Harpeth Kiwr- Tenn': H" '^2' 189, 200, 214; VI, 207, 310.

ill IK I <I^-M >, *lDi *i/O. olo. O»1S 24 fid ' TTT *> ~ V -)i'M TXT *>-f TT -n ATI T n*a

Georgetown Ferry, VIII, 81. IV, 159, 322; V, 42- VII ,"is 98 Harriet V I R Tl" «n Haynesvillc M,K, I 348.

" ^in'-m1"''" 1<i4th H T-r^'^" ">4> i65: *%&££ f^S.fvL, 93, 96, &^^2<i37nL No; X, 135.

iiiBViiic, jno*f &•• oOu 1 r in l fin *M*tt •>"•> *^n*^ *^i c TT * TT T» TT i"i TTT o 1 w v

Giiibor's battery, Confederate, I, Halltown, Va., II, 342; III, :«(). Harris D BX M7 111

Guiney, P. R, I, 34.3. "'ix'.'."'^'^' V^'ir/'''^''^^'* : T-S' E" -V^1'' >1>i5' Hays,*W., I, 287; X, 190, 305.

ll",',"i\,s' '°n' "l" M ~h '• ii.f,f,K'|,.ln T i> VTT I'M Harris, J. E., V, 65. Hazel Run, Ya., I.', 45.

DOn. .). 1 .. V11-- 1 .1.1. II. ...„:. AT TXT .1.1. -. . .. ,.. »».

A T \Iah'in emoted I '**^6
Gulf blockading squadron, VI, 1^|

14 *f1- Hamilton, C'. S.: ll.

('innho',t AV 53, U.'s.'s., VL, SOS. ' n' s'-'l" V'60; IT*'1 r/i-'Y"' JJ!lrr!so». Mrs. B. X, VII, 296. Headley, j. W, VIII.', 9.

Gunboats Confederate: inade,, ,acv 22;' " ' ' ' "ilrr!*°n. °- ?•• VIII., 110, 115. Hebert, I,, II, 150, 214;X,271.

of, VI, 77, 79; in Hampton Hamilton \C VI 264 garrison, G. O, I., 14. Hebert, P. ()., X, 254, 256, 271.

Roads. VI, 77; or the Mississippi t's Crossing" Va • II x. ;irr!^"n- «• >'-. Jr, II, 350. Heckman, C. A, X, 226.

River. VI, 218; in Mobile Bav. 1 5 IV 9.S " M> :'^"»- J- K- X., 313. Hedley, F. Y.: VIII, 9, 180, 202;

VI, 252; on the James River. VI, Hamli'n C 'x' 209 garrison, N. B, VI, 190. X, 25.

79. 265; in Carolina waters, VI, ' if x" l" garrison T X, 315. Heger, A., VII, 63.

270. Imo'nd J > I 2«»7 Harrison's Battalion, Confederate, Heilsburg, losses at, X, 140.

Gunboats, United States: unarmed Ham I 'it'-' '„•;"» i, r< >t i, '• ; T Heiner, D, I, 341.

coming toweron, I, 241; type of, Sherman, L 248 VI., I '"'" ' "w^nllon^n^^ "i'ii"'^' 11T^"\'-*'. n^ J-" ,lt 1$'

I, *41; converted ferryboat, type llammond W \-VII •']- •>•»! MO of, 0=0 T* ' * ' 4' 152, 155, lf)6, 260, 286, 288, 292,

of, VI, 57,59; converted passeneer letter from. VlL 306 334 347 ft' TT o-» u ~- *-''''!"'' 323, 368; with staff, IL, 45 *eg.,

steamer, type of, VI, 61; on the Hampton, K.] IV,'llO. he d? te tvTTl' ^17' ~*>' 50; VII, 27fi, 277; VIII, 370 sfy. ;

[336]

HELENA INDEX INDIANA TROOPS

Helena. Ark.: I., IDs. 249, 365; Hodgson, W. I., I., 199. 292; rapidity in construction of, 352; Fourteenth, II., 34S; Fif-
II., 198, 340, 343; VI., 226, 310; Hoerner, private, VIII., 125. VII., 205; Catholic sisterhood teenth, I., 354, 35S; III., 328;
X., 15(5. HofT, A. H., VII., 318. supplying nurses for, VII., 290; Sixteenth, II., 348.
" Hell Hole," Ga. (see also New Hoffman, W.. VII., 38, 53 seq., 04. at New Berne, N. C., VII, 333. Infantry: First, III., 324; Sec-
Hope Church, Ga.), III., 02. Hogg, J. L., X., 313. Hotchkiss, J., X., 103. ond, II., 350; Fifth, II., 348;
Helm, B. H., II., 2SS; X., 153. Hoke, R. F.: II., 334, 352; III., 84, Ilmisntonic, V . S. S., VI., 270, 320. Seventh, I., 175; III., 324, 332;
Helm, W. W., VII., 135. 190, 322, 342, 344; X., 111. Houston, S., IX., 93. Eighth, I., 170, 350; II., 324, 328,
Hemming, sergeant, VIII., 125. Holden, K. S., I., 19. Houston Hills, Tenn., III., 201. 330; Ninth, L, 190, 350; II., 342:
Henderson, G. "F. R.: I., 90, 112; Holland, J. G., IX., 37. Hovey, A. P.: II., 334; VII., 200; III., 324; X., 154; Tenth, L, 170,
II., SS, 115; quoted, IX., 87, 91; IIoHins, G. N.; I., 219 seq., 300; VI., X./203. 358, 308; II., 320; Eleventh, I.,
X., 120: table of percentages of 85, 189, 218. Hovey, C. E., X., 199. 170, 350; II., 348; IIL, 318;
losses, X., 122, 120. Hollow square, maneuver for new Howard, C., VII., 19S. Twelfth, I., 170, 350; III., 332;
Henderson Hills, La., II., 350. soldiers, VIII., 58. Howard, F. K., VII., 198. Thirteenth, I., 352; Sixteenth,
Henderson's Heavy Artillery, Con- Holly Springs, Miss.: II., 100, 204, Howard, J. B., VIII., 39. I., 350; 358; II., 320; Seven-
federale. VIII., 383. 328; IV., 110; X., 48. Howard, (). ().: I., 304; II., 81, 94, teenth, III., 338; Eighteenth, I.,
Henley, \V., I., 353. Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, 108, 112, 119, 24(5, 259, 31!); III., 350; Twentieth, I., 350; II., 322;
Henry, G. V., V., 151; X., 329. Va.: soldiers' graves, IX., 283. 110, 110, 131, 222, 224, 220, 232, Twenty-first, I., 175, 352; IV., 292;
Henry, Mrs.. V., 19. Holmes, (). W.: I., 01; IX., 33, 43, 234, 244, 245, 248, 32S; IV., 50; VIII., 204; Twenty-second, L,
Henry, P., IX., 22!). 44, 45; X., 24. V., 212; VIII., 18; IX., 01, 03; X., 354; X., 124; Twenty-third, I.,
Henry. Fort, Tenn. (see also Fort Holmes, T. H.: I., 305, 30S; II., 340, 76,170,171. 352; II., 348; Twenty-fifth. I.,
Henry, Tenn.), I., 10; II., 321. 343; V., 70; X., 2*9, 274, Howard, P., I., 179. 358; Twenty-seventh," I., 354;
Henri/ Clay, V . S. S., II., 212. Holston River, Tenn., III., 10. Howe, A. P., VII., 209; X., 209. Twenty-eighth, I., 350: Twenty-
Henry Hil'l Va.: L, 159, 102; V., Holt, J., VII., 209. Howe, J., X., 2. ninth. I., 350; Thirtieth, I., 354,
18 x<yy. Holtzclaw, J. T., X., 253. Howe, Julia Ward: IX., 17: "Battle 350; II., 322; Thirty-first, L, 354,
Henry House, Bull Run, Va.: I., Home Guards, II., 334, 340, 350. Hymn of the Republic," IX., 20, 350; Thirty-second, I., 358; VIII.,
141, 159, 105; V., 19; IX., 85. Honey Hill, S. C., III., 340. 122, 154, 15(5, l.V. ISO, 202; Thirty-third, L, 352,
"Her Letter," by F. Bret Harte, L, Honey Sprinss. Ind. Ter., II., 342. Howe, S. G., VII., 330; IX., 17, 154. 30S; Thirty-fifth, I., 358: Thirty-

40. Honk, L. C., II., 322. Howell, B. K., VI., 301. sixth, L, 358; X., 123; losses,
11 mill, N. Y., L, 02. Honk's battalion (see also Tenn. Howell, J. B., X., 293. X., 154; Thirty-seventh, L, 358;
Herbert, H. A.: I., 88; VIIL, 135; Third, Union), II., 322. Howitzer Cilee Club, V., 5S. Thirty-eighth, I., 352; II., 169;

X., 7, 27, 120 scq. Hood, J. B.: I., 118, seg., 128, 134, Howitzer Law Club, V., 5S. Thirty-ninth (see also "Yates1

Hernandez, pilot, VII., 123. 178, 328, 342, 302; II., 48, 59, 08, Howitzers, V., 135, Ifi7. Phalanx"), I.,350,3GO;Forty-first,

Heroism: instances of, VIIL, ISO. 167, 252, 255, 2SO aeq., 2SS; III., "Hewlett's" battery: I., 11!); V., L, 350; Forty-second, VI., 312;

Herold, D. E., VII., 205. 19,108,111,112,123,125,127, 89. Forty-third, II., 352; Forty-

Herron, F. J.: division, II., 342; X., 130, 131, 132, 133, 131 135, 138, Howiett's house, Virginia, VI., 205. fourth, L, 358; Forty-sixth,

1C4. 210, 214, 216, 218, 220, 223, 228, 1/owqnah, V. S. S., III., 342. L, 350; Forty-eighth, L, 356;

Herverson, L., IV., 1«6. 230,238,249,251,252,253,254, Hudnot's Plantation, T.;:., III., 318. Forty-ninth, L, 350; Fiftieth,

H.Tzog, C., VIII., 321. 256,257,258,259,260,264,268, Hudson, N. Y., III., 224. III.,' 332; Fifty-first, II., 320;

Hespin, J. T., VII., 133. 269, 270, 318, 320, 320, 328, 330, Hudson, P., L, 81. Fifty-fifth, losses, X., 154; Fifty-

Heth, IL: II., 334, 314; III., 204; 338, 340, 344; IV., 34, 153; V., Hudson farmhouse, Va., II., 14. seventh, L, 356; III., 332; on

IV., 31)1 ; X., 109, 280. 50; VIIL, 207, 210, 252, 332, 336, Hudsonville, Miss., II., 320. parade at Corinth, Miss., VIIL,
llet '.el, V. S. S., L, 350. 340; IX., 04; X., 243, 202. Huey, I'., IX., 03; X., 303. 258; losses of, VIIL, 259; Fifty-
Heustis, J. F., VII., 352. Hooker, James, II., 238, 240 seq. Huff's Ferry, Tenn., IL, 340. eighth, L, 350; Fifty-ninth, L,
Hickenlooper, A., L, 353. Hooker, Joseph: L, 113, 208, 270, Huger, B.: L, 290, 330, 304, 30S; 358; Sixty-second, II., 328; Sixty-
Hickman, Ky., VI., 310, 320. 28S, 298; II., 45, 48, 03, 08 seq., battalion, V., 73; VII.. 100: X.. 283. fifth, II.", 324; Seventy-second,
Higgins, B. L., IX., 350. 84,85,86,87,100,101,102,104 Huger, F., V., 73. headquarters of, IL, 205; III.,
Higgins, E., I.,230;VL, 197;X.,271. se?., 277; new planof campaign and Huger, T. B., VI., 191, 192, 193. 318; Seventy-sixth, III., 318;
Higginson, T. W., IX., 352. its frustration by, IL, 105, 100, Hughes, J. T., L, 350; IL, 320. Eightieth, II., 332, 334: Eighty-
High Bridge, Va., III., 311, 340; V., 108, 112, seq., 120 seq.; his staff, Hughs, J. M., VIIL, 275. first, III., 324; Eighty-third, II.,

270. IL, 109; headquarters, IL, 121, Huguenin, II. , III., 172. 330; Ninety-first, IL, 328; Ninety-

" High Tide at Gettysburg," IX., 22. 122 seq., 128; with staff, II., 128, Huguenin, T. A., III., 333. second, VII., 75; Ninety-third,

"Highfly," horse of J. E. B. Stuart, 203, 228 seq., 296, 300; camp Humansville, Mo., L, 3(iO. III., 332; X., 123; losses, X., 154;

IV., 312. at base of Lookout Mountain, Humes, W. Y. C., X., 2!)7. Ninety-fifth, III., 324; Ninety-

Highl.-inders, uniform of, VIIL, 78. Tenn., II. , 303; captures, Look- Humphrey, J. P., V., 65. ninth, IL, 330; One Hundred and

Hill, A. P.: L, 317, 319, 322, 320, out Mountain, Tenn., IL, 305, "Humphrey's Journal," quoted, L, Fourth, IL, 320; One Hundred

330, 334, 339, 308; IL, 24, 27, 29, :524, 328, 334; III., 39, 47, 110, 30,44. and Sixth, IL, 328: One Hundred

41, 52. 02, 03, 08, 73 seq., 240 138, 320; IV., 122, 159, 107, 316; Humphreys, A. A.: IL, 81, 100; and Seventh, IL, 340; One Hun-
« -q., 320, 334, 340, 344; III., 34, V., 212, 294, 296; VII., 201; III , 3S; VIIL, 252; X., 179, 192. dred and Eighth, III., 324; One
38. 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 50, 84, VIIL, 18, 95, 114, 226, 227, 234, Humphries, B. G., X., 275. Hundred and Thirteenth, III.,
SO, 19(5, 208, 278, 294, 318, 330, 238, 264, 276, 325, 345; IX., 89; Hunchback, U. S. S.: L, 350; VI., 324, 328; One Hundred and
340; V., 02, 00; VII., 20; VIIL, with staff,X.,4!),160,161,108, 169. 175,310. Fourteenth, III., 270, 324; One
17s. 190, 240, 254: X., 110, 143, Hoover Gap, Tenn., II., 340. Ilunley, H. L., VI., 270. Hundred and Nineteenth, IL,
2.V1. Hopkins, A., VI., 310. Hunt, H. J.: III., 1.83; V., 30 seq., 328; One Hundred and Twenti-

Hill, B. .1.. VII., 52; X., 297. Hopkins. G., VII., 318. 38, 180; IX., 217, 223. eth, III., 324; One Hundred and

Hill, C. \\ ., VII., 04, 09. Hopkins, ()., L, 105. Hunt, O. K.: V., 18, 150, 172, l'J4, Twenty-second, IL, 328, 350;

Hill, D.. L, 302. Horner, C. F., X., 2. 222; VI., 23(5. One Hundred and Twenty-third,

Hill, D. B., II., 59. "Hornet's Nest," Shiloh, Tenn., I., Hunter, A., VII., 162. II., 332; One Hundred and

Hill, D. I)., L, 205. 202, 20(5, 209. Hunter, D.: L, 150, 152, 155, 361; Twenty-sixth, III., 324.

Hill, D. H.: L, 270, 283, 290, 292, Horse artillery, V., 33. IL, 30; III., 140, 144, 322, 324; Imboden, J. D.: IL, 344, 348; V.,

319, 322, 320, 336; IL, 04 seq., (5(5, H >rse Shoe Bend, Ky., II., 334. V., 259; VI., 313; VII., 207; IX., 19; X., 105.

07, 70. 72, 231, 278, 324, 344; V., Horses (see also Cavalry): sentry 69, 170; X., 175, 178. Iinnrrinl, I". S. hospital boat, VII.,

04; VII., 102, 109, 346; IX., 201; guarding feed for Federal, 1804, Huntingdon, f>. L., VII., 224. 318, 319.

X., 245, 200. IV., 67; killed in battle. IV., 105 Hunton, E., X., 319. Impressment of necessaries by

Hill, S. G., X., 141. s,-q.- types of, for which the North- Huntsville, Ala.. VIIL, 360. Confederates, VIIL, 54.

Hill, Mr., L, 233. ern States were ransacked, IV., Huntsville, V. S. S., VI., 316. Independence, Mo., L, 360; IL, 320.

Hill plantation, Ark. (see also 313,315. Kurd, A., VII., 13. "Independent Rifles," Mobile, Ala.,

Bayou Cache, Ark.), L, 308. Horseshoe Ridge, Ga., IL, 284. Hurlbut, S. A.: L, 193, 204, 206, I., 87.

Hill plantation, Miss., IL, 330. Hospitals: camp near Washington, 208, 360; II., 148, 1(50, 212, 324; Indian frontier: V. S. regulars in,

Hill's rampart, Yorktown, Va., L, D. C., VII., 15; construction, V., 44; X., 191. 222, 2')4. VIIL, 70.

2B5. good type of, developed during Huron, U. S. S., III., 342. Indian Hill (see also Orchard Knob,

Hilton Head, S. C.: the 10-in. Co- the war, VII., 215; on the firing- Huse, C., V., 158. capture of), II., 301.

lumbiadat Fort Walker at, I..35 7; line, VII., 229; nearest the fiercest Hurst, S. H., X., 231. "Indian Home Guards," II., 348.

the Southern naval base of the fighting, VII., 233; field and Hutchinson family, IX., 344. "Indian Mound," Chattanooga,

blockading squadron, L, 359; IL, temporary, VII., 256 seq.; field, Huyck, M. A., VIIL, 363. Tenn., VIIL, 219.

30, 349; V., 151, 259; VI., 22, 57, VIL, 250 272; two of the first Hydaspes, India, L, 124, 129. Indian Ridge, La., II., 332.

58, 117, 313, 310; Island, Port field, VIL, 257; emergency car- Indian Sharpshooters, on Marye'a

Royal Bay, VIIL, 337; IX., 170; riage- and wagon-shops converted Heights, VIL, 254.

burial ground at, IX., 275; cap- into, VIL, 25S; spring vehicles Indian Town Creek, III., 305.

lure of, IX., 275, 352, 353. serving as, VIL, 258; work in a Illinois troops: Indian uprisings, VIIL, 79.

Hillyer, W. S., L, 181; X., 31. farm-house, June, 1802, VIL, Artillery: First, Battery B, I., Indiana: Morgan's raidsin, VIIL, 18.

Hindman, T. C.: L, 210; IL, 282, 201; tents, value of, recognized 354, 350; Battery D, L, 350; Indiana troops:

288, 320: III., 110; X., 257, 266. in April, 1862, VIL, 271; field, Second Battery A, L, 358; IL, Artillery: First heavy, L, 25;

Hines, T. H., VIIL, 302. Confederate, chaplains' services 322, 330; Battery D, L, 350; Bat- IL, 209; band of, VIIL, 197;

Hink.s, E. W., X., 215. in, VIL, 272; their adaptability tery E, I., 358. Baton Rouge, La., at, VIIL, 289;

Hiser. IL, V., 29. to change of position, VIL, 272; Light Artillery: First, V., 41; First Battery, I., 358, 302; IL,

"History of the Civil War in Amer- general, VIL, 273-290; per- Battery C, Officers of, V., 43. 332; Second, IL, 342, 352; Third,

ica," by Comte de Paris, IL, 82. manent and general, VIL, 278; Cavalry: First, V., 352; Second, L, 3(58; Sixth, III., 324; Seventh,

" History of the Confederate War," construction and arrangement of, IL, 322, 328; Third, L, 358; IL, 320; Ninth, IL, 322; Tliir-

by Geo. C. Eggleston, L, 312. VIL, 280; largest in the world, Fourth, IL, 322; III., 342; Fift , teenth, IL, 324, 326; Twenty-
Hitchcock, E. A., VIL, 104, 105. VIL, 284; "Wayside," erected at I., 3(58; III., 318; Sixth, IL, 332; fourth, II., 344.
//. L. 11 unify, C. S. S., first sub- important points of junction, Seventh, IL, 332; Eighth, II. , Camlnj: First, I., 352, 308: IL,

marine boat, VI., 274, 320. VIL, 288; priv - \ of the South at 336; III., 326; IV., 118; Ninth. 340, 352; Company K, IV., 183;

Hobson, E. H., IL, 340; X., 207. the beginning ,.f the war, VIL, IL, 320; Eleventh, IL, 322; III., Second, IL, 320; III., 34(5: VIIL,

Hodge, G. B., X., 269. 290; private of the South, laws 312; Twelfth, IL, 324, 328,336; 190; Third, IL, 324: IV., 118,

Hodgen, J. T., VIL, 226 passed prohibiting them, VIL, IV., 118; Thirteenth, I., 308; IL, 241; VIIL, 281, 289; Fourth, III..

[3D ED.] [ 337 ]

INDIANA TROOPS

INDEX

JUDAH

Indiana troops — Continued

338, 346; Fifth, II., 328, 346;
Sixth, VII., 161.

Infantry: First. II., 346; Sec
ond, III., 32S, 330; Third, II.,
336; Fifth, Co. C, IV., 146; Sev
enth, I., 348, 352, 360, 366; III.,
324, 342; Eighth, I., 348, 3.58,
368; III., 326, 328, 330; Ninth,
I., 207, 348, 352, 354; Tenth.
I., 348, 3,56, 368; Eleventh, I.,
348, 356; Twelfth, II., 322; Thir
teenth, I., 348, 352, 3.54, 360,
362; Fourteenth, I., 352. 356,
360, 364; VII., 13; Fifteenth,
L, 352, II., 324; Sixteenth, II.,
322; Seventeenth, L, 352; II.,
324; Eighteenth, I., 358; Nine
teenth, I., 350; losses, X., 154;
Twentieth, I., 358; II., 340; III.,
207, 332; losses, X., 1.54; Twenty-
first, I., 250; II., 320, 330, 336;
VIII., 299; Twenty-second, I.,
356, 358; Twenty-third, V., 20:i;
Twenty-fourth, 1., 36S; Twenty-
fifth, I., 356; Twenty-seventh,
losses, X., 154; Thirty-first, I.,
356; Thirty-second, I., 3.54;
Thirty-third, II., 330; Thirty-
fourth, III., 346; Thirty-fifth,
II., 326; Forty-third, I., 366;
II., 352; Forty-fourth, I., 356;
Fnrty-sixth, I., 366; II., 194;
Fiftieth, II., 324, 328, 352;
Fifty-first, II., 334; VII., 145;
Fift\ -fifth, II., 322; Sixtieth.
II., '324; Sixty-fifth, II., 348;
Sixty-sixth, II., 322; Sixty-sev
enth, II., 324; Sixty-eighth, II.,
324; III., 338; Sixty-ninth, II.,
322; Seventy-first, II., 322;
Seventy-third', II., 334; Seventy-
fourth, II., 324; Seventy-eighth,
II., 324; Eighty-fifth, II., 330,
336; Eighty-ninth, II., 324;
Ninety-third, III., 270, 324;
One Hundred and First, II., 332;
One Hundred and Sixteenth, II.,
348; One Hundred and Eigh
teenth, II., 348.
Indianapolis, Ind.: I., 209; Camp

Morton, prison, VII., 71.
Indianola, U. S. S.: II., 330; VI.,

71, 81, 206, 318.
Indians: recruiting in Wisconsin

regiments, VIII., 7.5.
Information supplied to Confeder
ates by sympathizers in the North,
VIII., 274, 288.
Ingalls, It.: III., 33; IV., 301; X.,

49.

Ingham Mills, Miss., II., 344.
Ingraham, D. N., VI., 124, 239, 318.
Inloes, C. E., VII., 125.
Innes, \V. P., III., 211.
Ino, U. 8. S., VI., 290, 293.
" Instruments of war and mercv,"

VIL, 259.
Intelligence Bureau, U. S. Army,

VIII., 24.

losco, U. S. S., III., 342.
Iowa troops:

Cavalry: First, I., 3.56, 360; II.,
352; Second, II., 326, 332, 342,
344; IV., 132; II., 330; Third.
358, 368; III., 330; Fourth, I.,
364; II., 336; III., 330; Fifth, I.,
358, 362; II., 322, 330.

Infantry: First, I., 350; Second,
I., 3.56, 364, 368; Third, I., 352;
II., 326; III., 324; Fourth, L, 358;
II., 326, 348; III., 324, 330; Fifth,
III., 326, 328; IX., 166; Sixth,
los.«es, X., 154; Seventh, I., 354,
3.56; Eighth, I., 354; III., 328,
330; Ninth, I., 358; III., 324, 330-
Tenth, I., 356; Twelfth, I., 3.56;
Fourteenth, L, 356; III., 330,
332; at Libby Prison, Va., VIII ,
251; Eighteenth, II., 3.52; Nine
teenth, non-commissioned officers
of, VIL, 49; officers of. VII., 49;
enlisted men, VII., 51; Twentv-
first, II., 326, 330; Twenty-third,
II., 336; Twenty-ninth, II., 352-
Thirty-third, II., .352; Thirty-
fifth, II., 352; Thirty-sixth It
352; Thirty-ninth, II., 32S; III'
332- Fortieth, II., 352.
Iowa: response to first call, VIII
74; Hoops furnished by. VIII
2.7 1, enlistment, VIII., 2.5!
Irby, H., VIII., 113.
Ireland, Archbishop, VIII., 100.
Irish recruits in Wisconsin regi-

[2n ED.]

ments, VIII., 75; in Confederate
Army, VIII., 1 18.
Irish Bend, La.. II., 332.
"Irish Brigade": (Meagher's), II.,
92; officers of, II., 93; at battle of
Gettysburg. VIII., 100.
"Iron Brigade": m«-n of, II., 239,

241, 244; IX., 223.
Ironchids; in action, I., 24; European
type, VI., 36, 3.S; first jeopardizes
Federal cause. VI., 36; Farragut's
opinion of, VI., 55; first Federal
contracts for, VI., 56; Confeder
ates begin construction of, VI.,
73; Confederate attempts to
build, VI., 75, 191, 239; on the
Mississippi, VI., 129, monitors
built during war, VI., 130; moni
tors double-turretcd, VI., 132,
175; monitors, sea worthiness of,
VI., 133, 146, 152; appointment
of board to investigate, VI., 134;
birth of, VI., 134; early construc
tion of, VI., 134; monitor recom
mended by naval board, VI., 135,
136, 137; reports of Federal of
ficers on, VI., 137, 1.52; first test
of, against land batteries, VI.,
139, 16.5; efficiency of new iron
sides type, VI., 140; monitor,
river type, VI., 142, 147; first sug
gested by Mallory, VI., 142, 144;
monitor, advantages of, VI., 143;
first plans for, by Confederate
naval board, VI., 144; monitor,
newer type of, VI., 14.5, 265;
Eads type, VI., 148, 149, 150,
206, 214; first contest of, VI.,
1.5.5 set]., 176, 180, 182; monitor,
disadvantages of, VI., 163, 179,
283, 2.S6; precursor of steel ships,
VI., 167; first decisive engage
ment of, VI., 171; monitor effi
ciency against land batteries,
VI., 173; monitor, light-draft
type, VI., 177; monitor, endur
ance of, VI., 179; first Federal in
Ossabaw Sound, VI., 241; moni
tor, use of, in Mobile Bay, VI.,
254, 2.56; VI., 319, 321.
Ironsides, U. S. S., VI., 267.
Ironton, i\lo., L, 352.
Iniijuois, U. S. S.: VI., 48, 188, 190,

191, 193, 204, 293, 314.
Irvin, J. E., VIII., 113.
Irving, J., VIII., 281.
Irwine, C. K., VIL, 285.
Irwinville, Ga.: III., 316, 346; cap
ture of Jefferson Davis at, IX.,
295, 297.

Isaac 8m itli.V.S.S. , VI., 57, 270,3 1 6
Isabella, V. S. S., VL, 308.
Island Ford., Ya., III., 326.
Island Number 10, Tenn.: L, 130
187, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220.
221, 222, 223; surrender of, L, 236;
abandoned, L, 243, 360; II., 15-
V., 44; VL, 149, 218, 312; cap
ture of, VIL, 319.
Itasca, U. S. S.: I.,, 232; VL, 190,

196, 204.

luka, Miss.: II., 148, 324; X., 156.
Iverson, A., X., 113.
Iverson, J. F., VIL, 86.
Ivy, U. S. S., VL, 218.
Ivy Mountain, Ky. (see also Pike-
. town, Ky.), L, 354.

Jack's Shop, Va., IV., 92.

Jacksborough, Tenn., L, 3.58.

Jackson, A., IV., 22

Jackson, A. E., X., 295.

Jackson, Miss C., X., 2.

Jackson, C. F.: L, 172, 3.53; II., 328;
X., 137.

Jackson, G. G., VIL, 147

Jackson, H. R., X., 242.

Jackson, J. H., II., 329.

Jackson, J. K., X., 265.

Jackson, J. p., VIL, 90.

Jackson, J. S., II., 32(1; X., 133.

Jackson, N. J., X., 211.

Jackson, R. E., II., 100 sen.

Jackson, R. H., X., 311.

Jackson, T. J. (' 'Stonewall ") • I 21
36,59, 112, 116, 121, 130,132,134'
l.>2; "Stonewall," how nicknamed,
L, 157, 204, 20.5, 218 2Sli •><)<)
302, 304. 305 seq., 306, 307' 308'
309, 310,311,314,317, 318,321)'
324, 326, 329. 332, 342, 364, 36<i'
368; II., 4. 13 seq., 21, 22 He,,.. 34
38»eg.,46,48,58se2., 63,86,98, 103;

flanking march of, a masterly and
daring strategic feat, II., 112, 114,
115, 320, 322, 324, 328, 330, 334;
III., 45, 4S; IV., 76, 78, 85, 89, 91,
93, 95, 102, 104, 122, 174, 177, 193,
306; V., 34 seq., 62, 66, 280; raid
on the Orange and Alexander
Railroad, V., 283; VIL, 31, 216,

228, 245; VIIL, 18; through Vir
ginia mountain trails, VIIL, 36,
108, 128; "Foot Cavalry," VIIL,
171, 196, 246, 287; campaign of,
VIIL, 292, 310; IX., 24, 61, 63, 75,
84; valley campaign, IX., 87;
where killed, IX., 89; grave of,
IX.,91, 124,157,23();X.,28,0>,97;
during Mexican War, X., 97; bi
ography of, 9S set/., 99; origin of
name, X., 100, 101; with staff, X.,
103, 104; in the valley, X., 106 .•,•<•</.;
appearance of, X., 110; at ('han
dily, Va., X., 1 12; pursuit of Pope,
X., 112; character of, X., 11 I.

Jackson, W. II., II., 344, X., 295.

Jackson. W. L., X., 317.

Jackson, C.^.S.: IV., 138, 139; VL,

192.
Jackson, Camp, Mo. (seeCamp Jack.

son, Mo.): first clash west of the

Mississippi, L, 172, 173, 346, 353.
Jackson, Fort, La. (see Fort

Jackson, La.), L, 226, 227, 228,

229, 230, 234.

Jackson, Miss.: I., 124 ; II., 183, 189,
213, 216, 334, 340; III., 326; V.,
166; capture of. IX., 317.

Jackson, Term., II., 14cS, 342.

Jackson Road, Vicksburg, Miss.,
II., 197, 201.

Jacksonville, Fla.: L, 3.5, 42; II., 349;
VL, 312; signal tower, VIIL, 325.

Jacobs. R, T., II., 334.

J. A. Cotton, C. S. S., VI., 316.

James Adger, U. S. S., VL, 124.

James Grai/, ship, VL, 122.

James Island, S. C.: L, 366; III., 342.

"James Rifles," V., 103.

James River, Va. : as it looked in War
time, L, 109, 110, 111 WY/.; peculiar
military situation on, I., 119; at
the point crossed by Gen. Grant,
L, 127; siege guns on, L, 311, 312,
315, 324, 335, 330, 33s, 340, 364-
II., 225; III., 17, 18, 320; IV.;
189; V., 12, 54; Federal trans
portation on, in April, 1805,
Fort Darling, Drewrys Bluff, V.,
123, 133; crossing of 'the, V., 236;
crossed by Grant, V., 239; pon
toon bridge over the, V., 239, 240;
deep bottom at, V., 241, 246, 258,
260, 264,20s, 306, 310; defenses
along, V., 311; VL, 130, 132, 17.5,
275, 314, 315, 320, 322; VIL, 38
60, 109, 281; VIIL, 2.52, 317, 324,
363, 368, 382; mill on, near Rich
mond, Va., IX., 306.

James River Peninsula, Va., L, 110.

James River Road, Va., IV., 85.

James River Squadron, C. S. S., VL,
289.

Jameson, C. D., IX., 59.

Jamestown, Va.: V., 313; church
ruins at, IX., 229.

Jamestown, C. S. S.: sunk in channel
of James River, Va., L, 109; VL,
146, 162, 314.

Jamestown, U. S. S., VL, 119.

Jamestown Island, Va., V., 306.

Janes, H., L, 81.

Jaques, Mr., L, 179.

Jeff Davis, C. S. S., VIL, 29 34

JefTers, W. N.. VL, 153, 165.

Jefferson, T., L, 17; VIL, 61.

Jefferson, Tenn., II., 328; IV., 147

Jefferson Darin, C. S. S. VL, 122.

"Jefferson Davis," horse of I". S
Grant, IV., 291.

Jeffereonville, Ind., r. S. general
hospital at, VIL, 214, 215.

Jenkins, A. G., III., 320- X., 317.

Jenkins, C. T., VIL, 135.

Jenkins, D. C., IX., 158.

Jenkins, M.: III., 46, 48, 49; X., 155.

Jenkins Ferry, Ark., II., 3.52.

Jennings, "Bob," L, 17ft.

Jericho Ford, Va., III., 71, 322.

Jericho Mills, Va., pontoon bridge
at, approaches to, V., 220.

Jerome, signal officer, receiving
signals at Elk Mountain, Md.,
VIIL, 320, 321.

Jcsup, T. S., IX., 28.5.

Jetersville, Va.; scouts ride to, III.,
309; V., 268.

Jewett, J. H., IX., 330, 331.
"John Brown's Body," IX., 17, 154.
"John Burns of Gettysburg,"

Francis Bret Harte, IX., 3.5, 206
"Johnnie Reb," VIIL, 124.
"Johnnie Rebs," VIIL, 121.
"Johnny Rebs," IV., 190.
Johns, a surgeon, VIL, 222.
Johns Island, S. C., III., 326.
Johnson, A.: VIL, 20.5, 207 sen

208; IX., 128; X., 19, 48.
Johnson, A. R.: II., 322, 352- IV

318; X., 269.
Johnson, B. R.: L, 34, 360- II., 256

257, 282, 306; III., 330; IX., 311;

X., 295.
Johnson, B. T.: L, 342; III., 328-

V., 108.
Johnson, E.: III., 57, 62, 04, 70

160, 306, 320; VIL, 17) ; IX., 213-

X., 107, 244.
Johnson, F., V., 65.
Johnson, J.,L, 100; III., 333; IX. ,337.
Johnson, 1,., III., 332.
Johnson, R., X., 305.
Johnson, R. M., X., 85.
Johnson, R, W., II., 172; III., 105;

IX., 115; X.,220.
Johnson, S., quoted, IX., 292.
Johnson, W. C., X., 296.
Johnson, W. H., III., 330; V., 29.
Johnson, W. P.. quoted, X., 73.
Johnson Island Prison, O., VIL, 44

136.
Johnsonville, Tenn.: III., 257 seq.;

inadequate redoubt at, IV., 161

seq.
Johnston, A. S.: L, 95, 143, 182

190, 197 seq., 202,203 so/., 360; II.,

142; III., 137, 247; IV., 301, 318;

V., 1.83: VIL, 203, 241; VIIL,

190, 220, 283, 290, 340; IX., 93,

95; X., 143, 200.
Johnston, B. T., II., 350.
Johnston, G. D., X., 277.
Johnston, J., III., 101, 102, 104
Johnston, J. B., III., 248.
Johnston, J. D., VL, 254.
Johnston, J. E.: L, 36, 90, 124 126

128, 129, 132, 140, 146 seq., 1,50

xeq., 152, 158, 160, 256, 264, 284

seq., 286, 296, 302; with Gen'l Lee,

L, 313, 340, 360, 302, 364 ; II., 184

193, 213, 216, 290, 312, 334, 340.

348, 3,50; III., 16, 19, 20, 106, 108,

109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115,

123, 130, 24.5, 248, 318, 322, 326,

344, 346; IV., 76, 171, 187, 208;

V., 19, 20 seq., 28 seq., 92. 208, 304;

VL, 250; VIL, 210, 241, 256; VIIL,

196, 352; IX., 22, 64, 167, 169,

170, 243, 244, 246, 295, 313, 318;

X., 48, 62, 81, 90, 92, 96, 104,

241, 242.

Johnston, J. M., IV., 139.
Johnston, J. S., VIIL, 290.
Johnston, R. D., III., 70, 306.
Johnston, W. P., I., 196.
"Joined the Blues," J. J. Rooney,

IX., 322.
Joinville, Prince de: guest of the

Army of Potomac, L, 115; watch-

ing the war, L 117;atMc( lellan's

headquarters, I., 257, 29.5.
Jones, C. R., VL, 154, 182.
Jones, D. R.: II., 59, 65, 75, 320;

X., 263.

Jones, E. F., X., 213.
Jones, J., VIL, 80. 82.
Jones, J. M.: III., 42, 49; X., 153.
Jones, J. R., X., 111.
Jones, P. H., X., 229.
Jones, R., VL, 154.
Jones, S.: II., 164, 342; X., 251,

256.
Jones, W. E.: II., 346, 348; III.,

322; IV., 73, 86, 88, 104, 106; X.,

155.

Jones' Bridge, Va., III., 324.
Jones' Hay Station, Ark., III.,

330.

Jones Island, Ga., VL, 237.
Jones Point, Va., V., 102.
Jonesboro, L'Anguille Ferry, Ark.,

II., 320.

Jonesboro, Ga., III., 135, 138, 330.
Jonesville, Va., II., 348.
Jordan, sergeant, II., 29.
Jordan, T.: V., 71; VIL, 31; VIIL,

288; X., 317.
Jorker, J., V., 27.
Jouett, J. E., VL, 45, 268, 310.
Judah, H. M., IX., 167; X., 93, 221.
Jiiaah, C. S. S.: L, 352; VL, 268,

310, 339.

[ 338 ]

JULIET

INDEX

LEE FORD

Juliet, U. S. S., VI., 232.
Juniata, U. S. S., III., 342.
Junkin, G., IX., 132.
"Just Before the Battle, Mother,"
G. F. Root, IX., 350.

K

Kanan, M. F., X., 292.
Kanawha, U. S. S., VI., 314.
Kanawha Gap, W. Ya., I., 352.
Kane, T. L., X., 303.
"Kangaroo," horse of U. S. Grant,

IV., 294.
Kansas troops:

Artillery: First Battery, L, 352;

Second Battery, II., 342; Third

Battery, II., 342.

Cavalry: Second, II., 342, 352;

III., 332; Fifth, I., 352; II.,

346,350; Sixth, I., 352; II., 342,

352; III., 32S; Seventh, II., 326;

Ninth. I., 352; II., 312; Tenth,

III., 324.

Infantry: First, II., 348; Sec
ond, II.', 342; Third, II., 342, 348;

Fifth, II., 352; Second Mounted,

I., 350.
Kansas: enlistment of troops from,

in Federal army, VIII., 102.
Kansas, U. S S., III., 342; VI., 273.
Katahilin, U. S. S.: I., 250; VI., 190.
Kate, C. S. S.. VI., 106, 109.
Kautz, A. V.: III., 320, 322, 324,

330, 332, 338; IV., 253, 329; VII.,

207.

Kearney, S. W., X., 80.
Kearny, P.: I., 270, 288; II., 40, 45,

46, 48, 51, 54, 322, IV., 316, 318;

VIII., 98, 226; the charge of, IX.,

22, 56, 57; at Fair Oaks, Va.,

IX., 59; X., 131.
"Kearny at Seven Pines," E. C.

Stedman, IX., 56.
Kearsarfte, L". S. S.: III., 324; gun

of, IV., 303; VI., 38, 193, 290,

293, 300, 302, 304, 306, 320; IX.,

340.

Keating, W., X., 388.
Koedysville, Mel.: II., 60, 68; VII.,

263.

Koedysville Road, Md., IV., 231.
Keedvsville Turnpike, II., 67.
Keeuan, E. J., VIII., 337.
Keenan, P.: II., 118; charge at

Chancellorsvillo, IX., 63.
"Keenan's Charge," G. P. La-

throp, IX., 58.
Kectsville. Mo., I., 358.
Keifer, J. W., X., 235.
Keily, D. J., X., 207.
KelL J., VI., 287.
Kell, J. M., VI., 301; IX., 340.
Kell, Mrs. J. M., X., 2.
Kellars Bridge, Ky., III., 324.
Keller. J. M., VII., 244, 249.
Kelley, B. F., VIII., 102.
Kolley Ferry, Tenn., II., 296, 297,

299.

Kelly. J. H., X., 253.
Kelly Ford, Va.: II., 332, 342, 346;

IV., 84, 197, 224, 226, 233, 238.
Kelly store, near Suffolk, Va., II.,

330.
Kelly's Batterv, Confederate, I.,

352.
Kelly's Infantry, Confederate, I.,

350.

Kellysville, battle of, IX., S3.
Komper, J. L., II., 264; X., 115.
Kenesaw Mountains, Ga. : III., 103,

117, 120 seq., 122, 216, 218, 248,

322

Kenly, J. R., X., 211.
Kennebec, U. S. S., VI., 190, 204,

247, 251.
Kennedy, Capt., attempts to burn

New York City, VIII., 302.
Kennedy, J. D., X., 285.
Kennon, B., VI., 191, 192.
Kensfick, I., VII., 135.
Kensington, U. S. S., VI., 316.
Kentucky: I., 17S seq., 218; VIII.,

76; Morgan raids in, VIII., 18;

army, roads of, VIII., 36, 76; en
listment on both sides, VIII., 103;

military operations in, X., 88.
Kentucky troops, Confederate:

Cavalry: Morgan's, I., 358, 362.
Infantry First, L, 356; Second,

I., 358; Fourth, X., 156- Fifth, L,

356; Eighth, I., 358; X., 156.
Kentucky troops, Union:

Artillery: First battery, L, 368.

[2o ED.]

Cavalry: First, L, 356, 362;
II., 332, 336, 344; Second, II.,
344; VIII., 145; Third, L, 356;
Fourth cavalry, officers of Co. D,
I., 209, 362, 368; II., 330, 332, 336;
III., 328; Fifth, L, 362; Sixth, II.,
322, 332, 336; IV., 154; Seventh,
L, 368; II., 322, 336; Eighth,
VII., 21; Ninth, II., 326; Tenth,
II., 332, 336; Eleventh, II., 326,
344; III., 332; VII., 20; Twelfth,
II., 344; Thirteenth, III., 332;
Fourteenth, II., 336; VII., 20;
Sixteenth, II., 350.

Infantry: First, I., 352, 356;
Second, L, 368; III., 326; Fourth,
I., 356, 368; Fifth, L, 368; losses,
X., 154; Sixth, III., 330; Eighth,
II., 304, 307, 326; Tenth, I., 368;
Eleventh, II., 346; Twelfth, III.,
262; Thirteenth, II., 346; Four
teenth, I., 356; Fifteenth, losses,
X., 154; Sixteenth, III., 262;
Seventeenth, I., 356; Eight
eenth, I., 368; Twentieth, II.,
340; Twenty-first, II., 326;
Twenty-second, I., 358; Twenty-
fifth, I., 356; Twenty-eighth, I.,
368; II., 320, 324; Thirty-third,
II. , 324; Thirty-fourth, II., 348.
Mounted Infantry: Twenty-
sixth, III., 332; Thirtieth, III.,
332; Thirty-fifth, III., 332;
Thirty-seventh, III., 332; Thirty-
ninth, III., 332; Fortieth, III.,
332; Forty-fifth, III , 332; Cin
cinnati, Cynthiana, Newport,
Kentucky, Bracken Co., Home
Guards, at engagement of Cyn
thiana, Ky., I., 368.

Keokuk, U. S. S.: II., 332; VI., 128;
IX., 336.

Kerner, D. II., X., 2.

Kernstown, Va.: I., 306, 307, 360;
III., 148, 328.

Kerr, W. J. W., VII., 18, 82.

Kershaw, J. B.: II., 81, 96, 282 seg.;
III., 46, 84, 328; X., 115, 280, 282.

Ketcham, J. H., X., 229.

Kettle Run, Va., II., 322.

Key, B. P., VII., 21.

Key West, Fla.: L, 226; VI., 186.

Keyes, E. D.: I., 260, 286, 294, 368;
X., 181, 196.

Keystone Ktate, U. S. S.: II., 330;
III., 342; VI., 239, 272. 318.

Kickapoo, U. S. S., VI., 319, 321.

Kidd, J. H., IV., 282.

Kieffer, L., I., 295.

Kilmer, G. L.: I., 10, 346; II., 10;
III., 12; X., 2, 25.

Kilpatrick, D., VII., 125.

Kilpatrick, H. G., II., 111.

Kilpatrick, H. J., IV., 285 seq.

Kilpatrick, .1 : II., 340, 344; raid,
II., 350; III., 224, 230, 232, 244,
330, 338, 342, 344; IV., 54, 92,
96, 116, 121, 123, 230, 232, 234,
254, 262; V., 37; VIII., 196, 361.

Kilty. A. H., VI., 224.

Kimball, N., X., 89.

Kineo, U. S. S.: I., 227, 250; VI.,
190, 198, 200.

King, C.: II., 49; VIII., 9; introduc
tion preface to, VIII., 11, 18, 66,
226; tables of age of soldiers at
enlistment, DC., 67.

King, E., IX., 345.

King, J. H., X., 93, 296.

King, L. G., VII., 123.

King, R.: Mounted Rifles, I., 358;
II., 46, 49; X., 309.

King and Queen Court House, Va.,
IV., 98.

King Mountain, S. C., IV., 20.

King Street Hospital, Alexandria,
Va., VII., 235.

King's School House, Va. (see also
Oak Grove, Va.) : L, 366.

"Kingdom Coming," H. C. Work,
IX., 344.

Kingston, Ga., III., 67, 111, 114,
320.

Kingston, N. C., II., 328.

Kinsman, U. S. S., II., 330.

Kirby, E., II., 334.

Kirk, E. N., II., 330; X., 199.

Kirkley, J. W., L, 104.

Kirksville, Mo., II., 320.

Kitching, J. H., X., 139.

Kittridge, W., DC., 348.

Klein, R., VIII., 281.

Knap, J. M.: battery of, II., 61; Pa.
Ind. Light Art,, V., 35.

Knefler, F., X., 203.

Kneisley's Battery, Confederate,

I., 3o2.

Knight, H. W., VII., 274.
Knight, private, VIII., 125.
Knights of the Golden Circle, VII.,

204.

Knipe, J. F., X., 89.
Knowles, J. H., VI., 242.
Knowlton, Captain, II., 29.
Knoxville, Tenn.: I., 130; II., 271,

298, 338; two bridges at, II.,

339; siege of, II., 346; III., 216,

287; IV., 160, 254; V., 251, 254;

VII., 351 ; ramparts at, VIII., 205,

336, 362.

Koch, C. R. E., L, 14.
Koniggratz, losses at, X., 140.
Konkle's Battery, Union, I., 354.
Kountz, J. S., X., 296.
Krepps, J. B., III., 336.
Kress, J. A., II., 230.
Krzyzanowski, W., X., 223.
Kunnersdorf, losses at, X., 140.

La Bree, B., quoted, VIII., 141.
Lackawanna, U. S. S., VI., 247, 251,

254, 256.

Lacy House, Fredericksburg, Va.:
II.,97;III.,46;viewfrom, DC., 61.
Lady Davis, C. S. S., VI., 87.
Lafayette, Ga.: II., 276, 279; IV.,

204.
Lafayette, Marquis de, DC., 125,

285.
Lafayette, U. S. S.: I., 77 seq.; VI.,

206; crew of, VI., 210.
La Fourche Crossing, La., II., 336.
Lagow, C. B.: I., 181; IV., 294; X.,

31.

La Grange, O. H., III., 108.
La Grange, Tenn.: II., 332; III.,
326; Grierson raid from, IV., 130,
132, 134, 137.
Lake City, Fla., II., 350.
Lake McNutt, Miss., II., 202.
Lake Providence, La., II., 206.
Lamar, L. Q. C.: DC., 28, 29, 36;
eulogy on Charles Sumner, DC.,
290, 301, 303, 305.
Lamb, D. H., X., 2.
Lamb, W.: III., 327, 342; VI., 240,

248.

Lancaster, U. S. S., VI., 48, 151.
"Lancers" (see also Pennsylvania

Sixth Infantry), VIII., 82, 91.
Landegon, J. W., VIII, 281.
Lander, F. W., X., 213.
Lander's Brigade, I., 356.
Lane, A. G., VII., 284.
Lane, J. H., X., 127.
Lane, U. S. S., II., 330.
Lane, W. P., X., 313.
Lane's Prairie, near Rolla, Mo., I.,

350.

Langthorne, A. R., VI., 232.
Langworthy, surgeon, VII., 222.
Lanier, H. W., I., 7, 9, 14, 30.
Lanier, Robert S.: I., 5; II., 5; X.,

18-28.

Lanier, Sidney: VII., 124; quoted,
VII., 132; Centennial cantata,
IX., 25, 30, 89, 90, 91, 92, 184,
284 seq.

Lanier's Virginia battery, Confed
erate. I., 360.
Lanneau, A. W., X., 2.
Lansing, H. S., VIII., 99.
Lardner, J. L., VI., 120, 125.
, La Rue, M., X., 195.
' 'Last Leaf," O. W. Holmes, DC., 33.
Lathrop, G. P., DC., 24, 58, 61, 63,

218, 223, 225.

" Laughlin's Battery," I., 354.
Lauman, J. G., X., 205.
Laurel Hill, W. Va.: I., 348; III.,

320.
La Vergne, Tenn.: II., 324; IV.,

147.

Lavinia, C, S. S., VI., 123.
Law, E. M., II., 286; X., 107.
Lawler, M. K., X., 201.
Lawler, T. G., X., 296.
Lawrence, W. H., X., 161.
Lawrence, Kans., II., 342.
Lawrenceburg, Tenn., III., 338.
Lawton, A. R.: II., 63, 65, 324; X.,

109.

Lawton, H. W., VIII., 194.
Lazelle, H. M., VII., 104.
Leach, W. B., I., 147.
Leadbetter, D.: I., 362; V., 257, 308.
"Leaves of Grass," Walt Whitman,
DC., 21.

Lebanon, Ky.: I., 180, 368; II., 340;
IV., 152.

Lebanon, Tenn., I., 362.

Lebanon Home Guards, Union, I.,
368.

Ledlie, J. H., III., 200, 204.

LeDuc, W. E., X., 2.

Le Due, W. G.: II., 299; V., 292;
X., 160.

Lee, A. L., X., 293.

Lee, A., X., 2.

Lee, C., X., 63.

Lee, C. G., VIII., 134.

Lee, E. G., X., 319.

Lee, Fitzhugh: II., 346; III., 42, 54,
84, 198, 284, 322, 328, 338, 340,
344, 346; IV., 16, 24, 41. 96, 98,
108, 128, 203, 262, 266, 277 seq.,
286 seq.; VIII., 130; quoted, DC.,
36, 243, 327, 331; X.,65, 116, 252.

Lee, F. D., VI., 267.

Lee.G. W.C.:I.,19; with Gen'l Lee,
L, 83; II., 350; DC., 125; X., 2,
55, 67, 284.

Lee,"Light Horse Harry," IV.,20, 23.

Lee, R., VIII., 104.

Lee, Robert E.: I., 17, 19, 27, 34, 53,
62, 64, 68, 75; remarkable general
ship of, I., 82; with his son and
Colonel Taylor, I., 83, 103 seq.,
116, 118 seq., 122 seq., 123, 127
seq.. 132, 134, 275, 298. 299, 312;
with Gen'l Johnston, I., 313,
328, 341, 348, 368; II., 4, 9, 11,
18, 20 seq., 26, 27, 33; advance
toward Washington (D. C.), II.,
34, 38 seg., 42, 50, 52, 55 seq.; the
rise of, II., 79 seq., 84 seq., 96,
98, 103, 105, 112 seq., 120, 128,
228 seq.; in 1863, II., 235 seq.,
264, 320, 322, 324, 328, 334, 336,
340, 342, 345, 346; III., 16, 17,

23, 28, 30, 32, 43, 44, 45, 50, 52,
64, 66, 69, 70, 83, 84, 86, 87, 89, 94,
104, 144, 161, 180, 181, 190, 194,
204, 280, 287, 288, 291, 294, 297,
298, 300, 304, 306, 308, 309, 310,
312, 315, 316, 318, 320, 322, 324,

325, 328, 330, 332, 338, 340, 344,
346; IV., 33, 86, 88, 92, 94, 99,
100, 103, 153, 193, 204, 242, 255,
274, 286; V., 25, 28 seq., 32 seq.,
66, 202, 214, 248, 260, 262, 268,
304; compels McCIellan to re
treat from New Richmond, V.,
314; VI., 70, 265; VII., 41 seq.,
50, 102, 104 seq., 120, 176, 228,
241 seq., 270, 296; VIII., 18 seq.,
88, 108, 112 seg., his tribute to
the fighting ability of his men,
154, 159, 178, 196, 198, 206 seq..
226, 246, 283, 292 seg.; invasion
of Maryland, VIII., 319, 324,

326, 340, 362 seg., 376 seg.; DC.,

24, 38, 77, 83, 87, 120, 121, 123,
125, 127, 129, 144; homestead in
Pleasant Valley, Md., IX., 161,
190, 211, 213, 215, 225, 230, 240,
243, 247, 257, 295, 313, 318, 322.
331, 334;X.,4, 28, 34; residence in
Richmond, Va., X., 51, 52,; an
cestors of, X., 52; in 1S50, X., 55,
57; Supt. U.S. Military Academy,
X., 58; brigadier of the Confed
eracy, X., 60: opinions in seces
sion and slavery, X., 60; in the
field, X., 61; commands Depart
ment of South Carolina, Georgia
and Florida, X., 62; 1863, X., 63,
65; in Gettysburg campaign, X.,
66; after the war, X., 67; retreat
of, from Gettysburg, X., 68; in
1865, X., 69; Commander-in-
chief of the Confederate army,
X., 70; in defence of Petersburg,
X., 70; in the wilderness, X., 70;
with his staff, X., 71; Appomattoi
Court House, X., 72; as college
president, X., 72; in 1867, X., 73;
in 1869, X., 73; rank of General,
X. 74

Lee, *R. E., Jr., quoted, X., 63.
Lee, S. D.: quoted, II., 188, 328,

332, 346; III., 138, 330; V., 67,

72; X., 247, 268.
Lee, S. P., VI., 119, 120, 149, 179,

190, 260, 315.
Lee. W. H. F.: I., 275; III., 196, 324,

344; IV., 29, 72, 82, 237, 240;

DC., 243, 284.
Lee, W. J., VIII., 281.
Lee, W. R., VII., 47.
Lee and Gordon's Mills, Ga., II.,

270, 276 seg., 285.
Lee Ford, Wis., II., 320, 340.

[339]

LKK SPRINGS

INDEX

McCTLLOCH

I/ee Springs, Va., II., 322.

Ixw's Hill, Va., V., 62.

Lee's Mills, Yorktown, Va.: I., 202.

264, 3fiO: V., 2;). 31,
Leesburg, Va. (am also Ball's Bluff,

Va.): I., 352; II., 58.
Lwtown. Ark., I., 358.
LeGal, VIII., 72.
I^gare's Point, S. C., I., 364.
Ix-ggett, M. I)., X., 91.
I^eirctt Hill, Ga., III., 131.
Lfhi.jh. U. S. S., VI., 179.
I^ipsic. losses at, X., 140.
Ix-onard, W. H. H., VI., S3.
"lx> Roy Stafford Camp," X., 298.
"Ix-s MN"rahles de Point Look

out," VII., 125.
"IxM us have peace," U. S. Grant.

IX., 117, 2!)0.

Letcher, J.: IV., 293; V., 306.
L<'tterman, J., with his staff, VII.

21», 224.

" Ix-ttcrs from Home," VIII., 35.
Leventhorpe, R., X., 281.
Lewinsville, Va., I., 350; IV., 78.
Ix-wis, J. H.. X., 269.
Lewis, f. S. S., VI., 312.
Lewisburg, N a., I., 364.
"l/cxington," horse of W. T. Sher

man, IV., 3()6.
Lexington, Ky., II., 326.
Lexington, Mo., I., 352; III., 324.
Lexington, Tenn., II., 32S.
Lexington, Va.: Virginia military
academy, ruins of, III., 140 «»•«.;
X., 57.

Islington, W. Va., III., 324.
Lexington, U. S. S.: I., 7!) seq,, 195,
2O4 Kpq., 205 sea., 356, 358,
360, 366; II., 352; VI., 147, 207,
214, 216, 221, 222, 310, 312.
Li Hung Chang, IX., 119.
Libby, W., & Son, VII., 91.
Libby Prison, Richmond, Ya.: I.,
113; VII., 19, 38, 45, 54 *<;,., 55
*««., 57, GO, 91; after tho war, 93;
when used as prison for Con
federates, VII., 94, 121, 12S, 136,
143, 145, 152, 284; Iowa Four
teenth Infantry at, VIII., 251.
Liberty, Ark., II., 352.
Liberty Can, Tenn., II., 340.
Liberty Mills Va., H 344.
Udell, St. J., X., 273.
Lieb, H., commanding colored regi

ment. II., 205.
Lieber, F., VII., 15S.
Lieutenant -General: rank of, re
vived bv Congress, February 29,
1864, III., 32.

"Lifeofthecaptured," VII., 123-136.
"Life in the prison-," VII., 124-136.
Liggon prison, Richmond, Va.,

VII., 60.

Light draft water crafts; I., 245; on
western rivers, VI., 209-223, 226;
ferry-boats used as, VI., 262, 263;
work of, in eastern waters, VI.
263. 264.

Lightburn, J. A. J., X., 87.
Lightfoot, J. A., X., 292.
Lilian, U. S. S.. III., 342.
Lilley, R. D., X., 4.
Lincoln, Abraham: I., 28 seq., 40, 41,
57; at McClellan's headquarters,
I., S3 seq.; confronts Gen'l Mc-
Clellan at his headquarters, I.,
67, 69, 98. 104, 120, 126, 226,
307, 338; inaugurated Presi
dent of the United States at
Washington, I., 346; II., 20, 49;
in camp at Antietam, Md., II.,
77, 78, K2..102, 108, 109, 233, 271
316; III., 14, 29, 155, 183, 220,
248, 303, 304; IV., 24, 50, V., 124,
280; VI., 46, 53, 56, 84, 110. 115,

116, 137, 170, 308; VII., 30, 85,

117. 192, 194, 197, 202; assas
sination of, VII., 203 seq.; mili
tary commissioners to try Lin
coln conspirators, VII., 207, 209
seq.. 293, 310, 330, 346, 34S; VIII.,
26, 29; calls for troops, VIII., 67,
G8; pen-portrait of, VIII., 92, 94
102; quoted, VIII., 260, 294, 345.
310 KF,,.. 350; "in the telegraph
-mce," VIII., 361; IX., 24, 26,128,
2/>0, 2.»4; the last portrait taken,
IX., 257, 259, 260, 288, 295, 297
310, 335, 342, 345; address at
Gettysburg. EX., 22; "second in
augural," IX., 28; funeral proces
sion in NTew York, IX., 249;
election of. IX., 251 ; with Tad, his
son, DC., 253; Gettysburg ad-

[?D ED.]

dress of. IX., 255; assassination of,
EX., 25S; funeral procession in
Washington, IX., 258; second in
auguration of, X., 16, 17, 42; opin
ion of Grant, X., 46.

Lincoln, R. T., I., 19.

Lincoln Hospital, Washington,
D. C., VII., 2S4.

Lincolnton, N. C., medical labora
tory at, VII., 244.

Lio Y'ang, losses at, X., 124, 120.

Little, H., II., 324; X., 149.

Little Ada, U. S. S., III., 342.

"Little Giffen," F. O. Ticknor, IX.,
64.

"Little Giffen of Tennessee," IX.,
22.

Little Harpeth, Tenn., II., 332.

"Little Jeff," Grant's charger, IV.,
307.

Little Kenesaw, Ga., III., 102.

"Little Napoleon" (see also G. B.
McClellan), II., 54.

Little Xorth Mountain, Va.. III., 156.

Little Rebel, C. S. S., I., 244 seq.

Little River, S. C., VI., 322.

Little River Turnpike, Ya., II., 51.

Little Rock, State Capitol, Ark.,
II., 343, 344; V., 166.

Little Round Top, Gettysburg, Pa.:
I., 68,70, 71 seq., 73; II., 251, 253,
255, 258, 260.

Little Run, S. C., VI., 316.

Little Santa Fe, Mo., I., 360.

Littleficld, A. K., VIII., 263.

Littlefield, M. S., II., 29.

Liver-more, M. A., VII., 326, 328.

Livennore, T. L., summary of Con
federate armies, X., 150.

Livingston, C. S. S., VI., 21S.

Lizzie, C. S. S.. VI., 123.

Lizzie Martin, U. S. S., II., 162.

Llewellyn, D. H., VI., 301, 306.

Lloyd, L. T., VIII., 115.

Lockett, S. H., II., 190.

Lockridge Mills, Ky., I., 362.

Lockwood, H. H., X., 197.

Lockwood, J. T., X., 2.

Lockwood, U. S. S., L, 356.

Locomotive, "Fred Leach": V.,271;
seized on Western and Atlantic
Railroad, VIII., 277.

Locomotives, strangeuscsof.il., 225.

Locust Grove, Va., II., 340.

Lodge for invalid soldiers, VII.,

333.
Lodge No. 5 at Washington, D. C.,

VII., 333.

Logan, J. A.: I., 358; with staff, II.,
199, 201, 205; III., 342; X., 76,
170, 171, 294.
Logan, T. M., X., 285.
Logan's Cross Roads, Ky. (see also

Mill Springs, Ky.), I., ISO, 356.
Lomax, L. L.: II., 344; III., 160,
332; IV., 92, 111, 250, 252, 262.
Lone Jack, Mo., II., 320.
Lonergan, telegraph operator, VIII.,

Long, A. L., X., 317.

Long, E., Second Division, II., 344

Long, J. B., V., 65.

Long Bridge, D. C.: L, 66; V., 90,
92; drill of defenders at, V., 93,
98, 102; wreck of engine at V.,
287; entrance to, VIII., 81, 88.

Longstreet, J.: L, 36, 64, 70 seq
118, 132, 136, 152, 153, 162 290
292, 315, 322, 326, 330, 332, 334*
339, 362; II., 4, 34, 40 seq., 40'
47, 48, 58, 64 seq., 78, 96, 98, 101
112, 213, 240 seq., 248 seq., 253,
2.56 seq., 257, 260 seq, 276 seq.,
300, 320, 322, 328, 332, 334, 338
348; III., 28, 30, 36, 41, 46, 48
84, 162, 188, 252, 278, 308, 318
33S, 346; IV., 193. 301 ; V., 34 01 '•
VIII., 18, 164, 177, 196, 238, 246*
2,54 ;X., 40, 61, 245, 246.

Longview, Ark., II., 350.

"Lookout," horse of J. Hooker,

Lookout Creek, Tenn., II., 296.
Lookout Mountain, Tenn.: battle

of, II., 10, 274, 277, 279 289,

290; northeast slope of, II., 293;

battles on, II., 294 seq.; Gen.

Hooker's earnp at base of, II .

303; Gen. Hooker and staff at,

II., 303; entrenchments on, II..

305; Pulpit Rock at, II., 307, 340-

IV., 204: V., 20S, 251; VII., 35;

VIIL, 325; signal station on.

VIII., 325; IX., 115, 170; Grant

at, X., 30, 31.

Lookout Valley, Tenn., II., 274,

279, 296; IX^, 99.
' 'Lorena," IX., 350.
Loririg, W. W.: I., 352, 356; II.,

322, 334, 34S; X., 244, 251.
Losses: in battles of Civil War and
what they mean, X., 120 sec/., 142
seq.; percentages of Confederate
losses, X., 158.

Lost Mountain, Ga., III., 118.
Lotier, L., VII., 282.
London, Tenn., IV., 160.
Loudon Heights, Va., II., 60 seq.,

325, 348.

Louisa Court House, Va., IV., 108.
Louisiana: I., 31; secedes, I., 346;
Inf. company of, at drill, VIIL,
143; .State University of, IX., 246;
X., 28, 86.
Louisiana troops, Confederate:

Artillery: Washington Artillery
of New Orleans, La., L, 95; Slew-
art's, I., 354; Watson's, I., 354.
Eni/ineers: First, L, 105.
(.'iiealm: First, II., 322; Second,
II., 350.

Infantry: Second, X., 156;
Third, L, 350, 35.S; V., 20!) ; X.,
156; Fifth, L, 364; Sixth, L, 350,
364; Seventh, L, 348, 350, 364;
X., 239; Kighth, L, 350, 364;
Ninth, VIIL, 118; Eleventh, L,
354; Fourteenth, X., 156; Twenty-
first, VII., 249; Crescent Rifle's,
I., 348; "Louisiana Tiger.s," L,
154, 273.

Louisiana troops, Union:
Caralrtj: First, II., 322.
Infantry: First, II., 205; Ninth
(colored), losses, X., 152.
Louisiana, C. S. S.: I., 228, 229,

234; VI., 192, 194.
Louisiana, U. S. hospital boat,

VIL, 319.
Louisiana, U. S. S.: L, 350- III,

342; V., 267; VI., 310,314.
Louisville, Ky.: L, 299; II., 64;
provo it-guard at, II., 324; III.,
266; V., 302; army repair shop at,
VIIL, 40.
Louisville, Tenn., basis of supplies,

VIIL, 32.

Louisville and Nashville R. R.. de
struction of, by Morgan, IV., 156.
Louisville, U. S. S.: I., 187, 366;

VI., 150, 214, 216; IX., 271.
Lovejoy's Station, Ga., III., 216

328.
Lovell, M.: L, 362; II., 150, 324-

VI., 85, 190; X., 273.
Lover, S., IX., 349.
"Low in the Ground They're Rest
ing," C. Coe, IX., 351."
Lowe, J., VL, 301.
Lowe, T. S. C.: VIIL, 10; in balloon
observing battle of Fair Oaks
VIIL, 369, 370, 373; in his bal
loon, VIIL, 377; quoted, VIIL,
379; X., 25.

Lowell, C. R., IV., 248; X., 141.
Lowell, J. R.: IX., 23, 26, 256, 261

263, 266.

Lowrey, M. B., X., 277.
Lowry, R.. X., 275.
Lovvry, R. B., VL, 93.
Loyal Legion, Military Order of
(see also Military Order of the
Loyal Legion), L, 19.
Lucas, T. J., X., 203.
Lucas Bend on Ohio River, U. S. S.

Conestoga at, I., 189.
"Luck of Roaring Camp," F. Bret

Harte, IX., 35.
Lucy, C'. S. S., VI., 123.
Luri/ C. Holmes, C. S. S., VL, 123
"Lucy Long," horse of R. E. Lee.

IV., 300.

Ludlow, B. C., L, 113.
Ludlow, W. H., VII., 101, 104.
Lumber: used by Union army,

Luminary, U. S. S., VL, 318
Luray Valley, Ya.: III., 15S; IV.,

104.

Lurton, H. II., X., 24.
Lutheran church, Main street

Sharpsburg, Md., II., 75.
Lyceum Hall, Alexandria, Va.,

VIL, 234.
Lynch, W. F.: I., 356; VI., 95, 99,

264, 270, 273.
I.ynchburg, Va.: I., 94, 96 1,30-

III., 144, 306, 324; IV., 114:

General Hospital No. 1, VIL, 292.
Lynchburg.Va., railroad at, III.. 320.

Lynnville, Tenn., III., 338.

Lyon, H. B., X., 269.

Lyon, J., VIL, 210.

Lyon, N.: I., 172, 353, 367 *«,.: V.,
42; VIL, 30; prompt action taken
in national defense, VIIL, 74- X ,
135.

Lyon, Fort, D. C. (see FY>rt Lvon,
D. C.), L, 168.

Lyons, J., X., 4.

Lyons, Lord, VL, 25; VIL, 196

Lyrics, IX., 150 seq.

Lytle, A. D.: remarkable photo
graph by, L, 24, 25; gallery of, I.,
31, 42, 44; II., 131, 134, 136, ISO,
208; IV., 130, 133; V., 43; VL,
185, 203; VIL, 117; VIIL, 31
297, 299, 301.

Lytle, W. H., II., 2S4, 288; X., 139.

M

McAllister, Fort (see also Fort

McAllister), L, 80.
MacArthur A., VIIL, 194, 234.
McArthur, J.: II., 14S; IV., 256; X.,

199.

Macarthy, H.. IX., 343.
McBlair, N., VIL, 139.
McCabe, G., of Richmond, Va ,

quoted, IX., 203.
McCabe, W. G.: IX., 147, 148, 150

151, 203.

McCall, G. A.: L, 314, 317, 319,

324, 334, 368; V., 26 xeq.; X., 293.

McCallum, D. C., V., 275, 287, 289,

296.

McCandless, L. D., VIIL, 363.
McCarthy's battery, L, 291, 293.
McCausland, J.: III., 141, 150, 324

328; V., 106; X., 321.
McCaw, J. B., VIL, 282.
McClellan, G. B.: L, 42, 44, 51 xrq.;
headquarters, L, 63; headquar
ters of, two weeks after Antietam,
L, 67; relieved, L, 07, 110, 113,
115, 116, 121, 126 seq., 132, 130,
107, 178, 252, 254; with royal
aide, L, 257; headquarters before
Yorktown, Va., L, 259, 260, 204;
headquarters on the Pamunkev,
L, 275, 286; officers of Horse
Artillery brigade of, L, 287, 292,
301 ; with Gen'l McDowell, I. ,307,
310, 311, 314,317; staff officers of,
L, 319, 323, 329, 330, 340,
348, 300, 306; II., 4, 20 seq.,
22, 24, 40, 43, 54, 56, 58 seq., 04
seq., 78, 82, 324; IV., 32, 47,
52, 66, 78, 79, 89, 203, 209,
222, 228, 304, 315, 317; V.,
22, 23, 36, 94, 98, 104, 198,
200, 228, 260, 304; VL, 94, J14;
VIL, 30, 100, 102, 188, 219 22S
259, 261 seq., 306, 310; VIIL, 4,
20 seij.; Peninsula campaign,
VIIL, 43, 50; New York Seventy-
first joins, VIIL, 09; organizes
brigade and division, VIIL, 7s,
84, 92, 97, 158, 105, 220, 202, 207,
269, 271, 270, 317, 320, 343, 345;
use of telegraph for tactical pur
poses, VIIL, 354, 370 seq.; IX.,
59, 78, 87, 143, 157; X., 40, 104,
166; with Mrs. McClellan, X., 167.
McClellan, Mrs. G. B., IX., 101.
McClellan Zouaves, Charleston,

S. C., VIIL, 153.
McClelland, U. S. S., VI. , 82.
McClernand, J. A.: L, 179, 1x4.
186 seq., 190, 208, 300; II., 77,
182, 205, 206, 212, 218, 330, 334;
V., 42, 44, 46; men of, at Mem
phis, X., 11,177,218.
McClung, C. L.: VL, 233; X., 2.
McClure, A. K., IV., 268.
McClurg, A. C., X., 199.
McComas, W. W., L, 362.
McCornb, W., X., 299.
McCook, A. G., X., 237.
McCook, A. MeD.: L, 20S; II., 170
seq., 177, 274 seq.; with staff, II.,
279, 330; EX., 99; X., 193, 22s.
MeCook, "Bob," VIIL, 190.
McCook, D.: III., 117, 322; VIIL,

190; X., 139.

McCook, E. M.: II., 320, 341: III.,
108, 328, 346; IV., 102, 104; X.,
85.

McCook, R. L., X., 135.
McCook's house, Spotsylvania

Court House, III., 57.
MeCown, J.P.: L, 300; X.,272, 295.
McCoy, J. C., L, 248.
McCulloch, B.: L, 358, 307; X., 147.

[340]

McCULLOCH

INDEX

MASTER

McCulloch, H. E., X., 315.

McCullough H., quoted, VIII., 136.

McCutcheon, chief engineer, U. S.
N., VI., 113.

MacDonald, E., II., 330.

MacDonald's battery, I., 358.

McDmough, U. S. S., VI., 57.

MacDougall, C. D., X., 2.

McDowell, I.: I., 36, 44, 138, 140
seq., 146 seq., 148, 150 seq., 151,
153, 158, 160, 163, 254, 260, 28(5,
303, 304, 307 xeq., 308, 310, 314,
362; II., 18, 20 seq., 22, 43 seq.,
46, 320, 322; headquarters of,
IV., 89; V., 19, 26 srq., 82, 90, 104,
149, 278, 280, 284, 286; X., 108,
179, 186.

McDowell, J. M., VIL, 62.

McDowell, Va., I., 362.

Macedonian, I'. S. S., VI., 44, 45.

MoElroy, J., I., 19.

McEntee, J., VIII., 265.

McFarland's Gap, (ia., II., 286.

McFerrin, J. B., VIL, 272.

McOarry, E., X., 19J.

McGinrus, G. F., X., 203.

McGowan, J. E., III., 70.

MeGowan, S.: II., 334; X., 113.

McGregor, \V. M., IV., 226.

McGuire, H.: VII., 246; X., 103.

Mclntosh, C. F., VI., 11)2.

Mclntosh, D. G..X..27.

Mclntosh, J.: I., 358; X., 149.

Mclntosh, J. H., X., 291.

Mclntyre, A. C., IX., 291.

Maokall, W. W.: I., 218; X., 373.

McKean, T., II., 150.

McKean, T. J.: II., 324; X.,291.

McKean. W. W., VI., 116, 120, 186.

Mclvelvcy, C., VII., 274.

McKenzie, A. S., VI., 137.

Mackenzie, U.S.: VIII. ,196; X., 219.

McKim, H. H.: VIII., 9; historian,
VIII., 108 srq.; quoted, VIII., 115,
118; X., 27.

Mnrhinnir. V . S. S., III., 342.

McKinley, Me.. VI., 137.

McKinley, William: III., 165; assas
sination of, IX., 38; X., 19, 138.

McLaws, L., II., 60, 68, 70, 320,

324, 334; V., 64; X., 115, 280,
McLean, X. C'., X., 231.
McLean, W.: III., 310, 314, 315;

IX., 127.

McLean Ford, Va., II., 344.
McLean House, near Manassas,

Va., I., 153.
Mcl.omorc's Cove, Tenn., II., 274,

McMahon, M. T.: III., 55, 88;

V III., 241.

Mc.Master, F. W., III., 191.
McMillan, ,1. W.. X., 203.
McMillen, W. L., III., 270.
McMinnville, Tcnn.: II., 322, 344;

IV., 164.

McNair, D., X., 259.
McNair, E., II., 288.
Mr'Xaughton, J. II., IX., .349.
McNeil,' J.: II., 320; X., 217.
MeNeill, J., IV., 114.
McXeillv. .1. H., VII., 272.
McNutt, W. F., VII., 318.
Macon, Oa.: III., 133, 216, 224,

325, 344,; IV., 140; V., 150, 162,
164; central laboratory at, V.,
170; VII., 60, 132; medical
laboratory at, VII., 244; Con
federate hospital captured at,
VIL, 290; volunteers, IX., 25;
Jefferson Davis in ambulance,
IX., 295.

McPhail, J. L., VIL, 200.
McPherson, J. B.: L, 33; II., 160,

199, 212, 216, 218, 334, 341; III.,

101, 106, 108, 109, 113, 120, 124,

131, 132, 134, 221, 224, 318, 320,

322, 326, 328; V., 46; VIII., 240;

X., 129, 168.
McPherson Hospital, Vicksburg,

Miss., VII., 233.
McPherson's Woods, Pa.: II., 241,

243, 244; IX., 223.
McRac, D., X., 259.
McRae, D. K.: L, 272; brigade of,

II., 67.

McKae, W., X., 281.
MrKae, C. S. S.: L, 219; VI., 192,

193, 204, 218.
MeRee, Fort, battery north of

Pcnsacola, Fla., VIIL, 107.
Madill, H. J., X., 303.
Madison, .L, L, 17.
Madison, surgeon, VIL, 222.
Madison Court House, Va., IV., 96.

[2o ED.]

Maffit, E., VI., 301.

Maffit, J. N., VI., 291, 293.

Maffit's Channel, S. C., VI., 312.

Magee, S., VIIL, 281.

Maggofin, escape from Alton prison,
VIL, 144.

Magnolia Cemetery, Charleston,
S. C., IX., 274, 277.

Magruder, J. B.: headquarters of,
Vorktown, Va., L, 261, 262, 263,
265, 323, 325, 327, 330, 332, 333,
360, 362, 368; II., 330; V., 25, 32
xeq.; VI., 272, 316; VIIL, 149,
371 ;X., 4, 242, 251.

Mahan, A. T., L, 233. 236.

Mahone, W.: III., 191, 196, 202,
204, 205, 208, 311; V., 270; X.,
284, 286.

Mnhopar, U. S. S., III., 340; VI.,
115.

Mail and newspapers, VIIL, 33, 35.

Maine troops:

Henry Artillery: First, X., 118,
119; First, losses, X., 152.

Artillery: First, II., 330; Sec
ond, L, 364; Fourth, II., 344;
Fifth, III., 154; Sixth, II., 328.

Cavalry: First, II., 336, 342;
IV., 57, 329; Second, III., 332.
Infantry: First, V., 4; VIL,
1(59; First, losses, X., 154; Second,
L, 167; 348; Second, mustered
out, VIIL, 59; Second, Army of
Potomac, VIIL, 59; Second, at
Camp Jameson, 1861, VIIL, 59;
Fourth, L, 354; Fifth, L, 362;
II., 346; Sixth, II., 123, 336, 346;
Seventh, L, 364; VIL, 274;
Eighth, L, 360; Tenth, II., 29;
Eleventh, L, 290; Twelfth, VI.,
312; Fourteenth, II., 320; Seven
teenth, losses, X., 154; Twentieth,
L, 167; II., 253; Twentieth, trans
ferred from Second Maine, VIIL,
59, 193, 196; Twenty-eighth, II.,
331, 340.

Maine: population of in, 1860, VIIL,
58; number of troops, losses,
VIIL, 59.

Major, J. P., X., 271.

Mallet, J. W.: V., 156, 162, 168,
170, 190; X., 27.

Mallory, S. K.: VI., 73, 74, 78, 86,
90; quoted, VI., 142 seq., 289, 290;
X., 13.

Malplaquet, France, battle of, II.,
272; losses at, X., 140.

Malone, C., VIL, 147.

Maltby, J. A., X., 199.

Mahern, U. S. S.: III., 340; VI.,
257, 317.

Malvern Hill, Va.: L, 122, 335, 336,
337, 338, 339, 343, 366; II., 320;
III., 324, 326; IV., 126; V., 21,
30 seq., 60, 230; IX., 144; X.,
142, 156.

"Man of the hour," III., 150.

Manassas, Va. (see also Bull Run,
Va.): L, 136, 140 seq., 146, 151,
153, 161, 256, 266, 306, 348; II.,
18, 34, 44. 54; second battle of,
II., 322; IV., 78; V., 21; Confede
rate artillery at, V., 64,66, 72,90;
effect of military on Confederates
at, V., 92, 94; entrenchments, Con
federate at, V., 198; Confederate
guns abandoned at, V., 203;
fortifications at, V., 203, 290;
VIL, 160, 280; VIIL, 73, 87, 103,
282, 288; first battle of, IX., 83;
losses at, X., 62, 126, 156.

Manassas and Chantilly, Va., losses
at, X., 142.

Manassas Gap, Va.: II., .342; rail
road at, V., 282.

Manassas Junction, Va. : L, 146;
II., 34, 39 seq., 40; after Confed
erate attack, II., 41; disaster at,
caused by delay in reenforeing
Pope, II., 43; III., 30; IV., 87,
89; military train destroyed at,
IV., 91; federal supplies cap
tured at, IV. ,93; Jackson destroys
supplies at, IV., 95 seq.

Manassas Station, Va.: Orange and
Alexandria R. R., L, 161 seq. ;
III., 315; captured, IX., 75.

Manassas, C. S. S.: L, 227, 228, 232,
234; VI., 189, 191, 192, 194, 198,
218, 310, 314.

Manchester, Md., VIIL, 204.

Manderson, C. F., X., 231.

Maney, F., L, 186.

Maney, G.: IX., 245; X., 295.

Maney's battery, Tenn., L, 18(5.

Mangan, J. C., IX., 158.

Manhattan, U. S. S., VI., 247.

Manigault, A. M., X., 283.

Mansfield, J. K. F.: L, 64; II., 61,
68 seq., 324; X., 129, 216.

Mansion House Hospital, Alexan
dria, Va., VIL, 233.

Manson, M. D., X., 87.

Manufacturing depots, VIIL, 56.

"Many thousand go," IX., 352.

Map of important battlegrounds of
the Civil War: L, 2; photograph
ing, VIIL, 23.

Maple Leaf, U. S. S., VI., 320.

Maratanza, U. S. S.: III., 342; VI.,
77, 79, 314.

Marblehead, U. S. S., VI., 121, 320.

"March to the Sea": under Gen.
Sherman, L, 80, 128; one of the
greatest pageants in the world's
warfare, III., 214 seq.; prepara
tions for, III., 220, 221, 222;
VIIL, 210-214; IX., 169, 170, 171.

Marches: cf the Federal armies,
VIII., 202; long, VIIL, 204, 214.

Marching: and its lessons to the
soldier, VIIL, 164; and foraging,
VIIL, 197; appearance of sol
diers, VIIL, 203; step, length of,
VIIL, 205; songs, IX., 20; tunes,
IX., 342 seq.

"Marching through Georgia," H.
C. Work, IX., 168, 23.5, 243, 344.

Marcey, R. B., V., 75.

Maria, C. S. S., VI., 123.

Marianna, Ark., II., 326.

Marianna, Fla., III., 332.

Marietta, Ga.: G. H. Thomas' head
quarters at, III., 119; battle of
Kenesaw Mountain at Big
Shanty, III., 322; VIL, 266;
VIIL, 332.

Marines, Confederate, in defense of
Richmond, VI., 289.

Marines, U. S.: Battalion of, L, 348,
on western rivers, VI., 68-9; in
land assault on Fort Fisher, VI.,
248, 2.57, 259.

Marion Artillery Companv, Charles
ton, S. C., V.", 60.

Markham, Mr., L, 233.

Marks Mills, Ark., II., 352.

Marlborough, J. C., L, 196.

Marmaduke, J. S.: II., 326, 330,
332, 340, 342, 344; III., 322; X.,
279.

Marmora, U. S. S., VI., 221.

Marshall, C., VIIL, 241.

Marshall, E. G., III., 200; X., 225.

Marshall, H.: L, 180, 363, 364;
II., 328; X., 254, 267.

Marshall House, Alexandria, Va.,
L, 346.

"Marshall Ney of Gettysburg," a
name given to Gen'l G. E.
Pickett, II., 261.

Marston, G., X., 219.

Marston, J., VI., 174.

Martha's Vineyard, Mass., VI., 318.

Martin, J. G.: II., 322 ; X., 279.

Martin, J. W.: Sixth Independent
New York Battery, horse artil
lery, IX., 61.

Martin, R. M.: attempts to burn
New York City, VIIL, 300 seq.

Martin, W. F.: L, 350; II., 330, 348.

Martindale, J. H.: L, 333; X., 191,
226.

Martinsburg, Md., L, 348.

Martinsburg, Mo., L, 348.

Martin.sburg, W. Va.: II., 336; III.,
144, 148; IV., 82, 84.

Marye's Heights, Va.: II., 81;
Confederates, strongest position
of, on, II., 84, 86; national ceme
tery at, II., 87; Union assault
upon and slaughter at, II., 92-96
inc.; Marye's house at, II., 95;
I'nion and Confederate losses and
wounded at, II., 102, 113, 120,
123 seq. ; havoc wrought on, II.,
125, 126; Union success at,
dearly bought, II., 127; V., 16,
58; federal wounded at, VIL,
252, 253; Indian sharpshooters
at, VIL, 254; wounded at, VIL,
255, 269, 303; removing wounded
from, VIL, 298; capture of, VIL,
308; assault on, VIII., 97.

Marye's Hill, Va.: II., 92; VIIL, 232.

Maryland troops, Confederate:

'infantry: First, L, 342, 350,
364, 366; VIL, 169; VIIL, 122;
X., 156; losses at Gettysburg, Pa.,
X., 158.

Maryland troops, Union:

Cavalry: First, II., 328, 348.
Infantry: First, L, 364; home
brigade, II., 324, 336; VIL, 169;
Second home brigade, II., 348;
Third home brigade, II., 324;
Sixth, II., 336.

Maryland the invasion of: II., 58
seq., 240; campaign of, II., 78;
feeling against the United Statea
troops passing through, VIIL, 74;
enlistment on both sides, VIIL,
103; campaign, Lee's, VIIL, 154,
159.

Maryland Heights, Va.: II., 60;
the abandoned stronghold, II ,
325; III., 326.

Mason, A. P., VI., 291.

Mason, C., IV., 329.

Mason, Emily, VIL, 296.

Mason, H. R., V., 205.

Mason, J. M.: L, 354; VI., 310, 314.;
VIL, 296.

Mason, J. S., VIL, 150.

Mason, J. W., IV., 212.

Mason, R.: VIL, 10; VIIL, 10.

Mason and Dixon line, II., 78, 234.

Mason and Munson's Hill, Va., IV.,
79.

Massachusetts troops:

Artillery, Heavy: First, III., 65;
at Belle Plain, Va., V., 52, 53;
Third, X., 101; Company K, X.,
101; Company A, V., 105.

Artillery, Light: First, L, 362;
battery in camp, V., 27; Second,
II., 180, 320; Third, III., 155;
Fourth, II., 180, 320; Fifth, L,
364; V., 47; Sixth, II., 180, 320,
330; Eighth, V., 27; Ninth, II.,
247, 250; Sixteenth, IX., 265;
Eighteenth, III., 71.

Cavalry: First, L, 366; II., 326,
336; horses of E. A. Flint, IV.,
53, 57; group of, IV., 123 seq.;
group of officers of, IV., 123 seq.;
companies C and D, IV., 183,
197; VIIL, 135; independent
company, II., 350.

Infantry: First, L, 348, 362;
VIL, 169; Second, II., 336;
losses, V., 154; Fourth, L, 348;
II., 320, 330; Fifth, L, 348;
Sixth L, 66, 320; protection
against the mob in Baltimore,
Md., VIIL, 63, 72; IX., 19, 158,
261; Eighth, VI., 44; VIIL,
67, 72; repairing the railway,
VIIL, 74; Ninth, L, 342, 343, 364;
and Second Bull Run, VIIL, 63;
Irish recruits from Boston, VIIL,
100; officers of, at Camp Cass,
VIIL, 63; at service, VIIL, 100;
Twelfth, X., 124, 152; Thirteenth,
I., 352; Fourteenth, II., 336 fif
teenth, L, 296, 352; VIIL, 98,
104; X., 124; losses, X., 154;
Sixteenth, I., 366; Seventeenth,
II., 348; Nineteenth, IX., 315;
Twentieth, L, 296, 352; VIIL,
104; losses, X., 152; Twenty-
first, L, 356, 358, 362; Twenty-
second, L, 364; VIIL, 196; losses,
X., 154; Twenty-third, L, 356,
358; Twenty-fourth, L, 356, 358,
366; II., '322, 348; V., 117;
Twenty-fifth, L, 356, 358; losses,
X., 152; Twenty-sixth, II., 336;
Twenty-seventh", L, 356, 358;
Twenty-eighth, L, 364, 366; II.,
93; losses, X., 154; Thirtieth, II.,
320; Thirty-third, II., 336;
Fortieth, II., 350; bayonet drill
of, VIIL, 183; Forty-second, II.,
330, 336; Forty-seventh, II., 336;
Fifty-fourth (colored), IX., 177;
Fifty-fifth (colored), III., 340;
IX., 177; Fifty-seventh, losses,
X., 154.

Massachusetts: population in 1860,
VIIL, 58; number troops lost,
VIIL, 59; activity in recruiting,
VIIL, 72; exceeds quota asked
for, VIIL, 74; uniform of troops,
VIIL, 78; soldiers visit Rich
mond, X., 138.

Massachusetts Historical Society,
Proceedings of, L, 90.

Massachusetts, U. S. S., VI., 310.

Massannutten Mountain, Va.: I.,
308; III., 162; IX., 87.

"Massa'sin de Cold, Cold Ground,"
S. C. Foster. IX., 346.

Massasoit, U. S. S., VI., 175, 265.

Master, M., VIIL, 115.

[341]

MASTERPIECE

t

"Masterpiece °f tactics," II., 2s5.

Matamoras, Tex., I., 94.

Matapony, Va. (see also Thoen-
burg,Va.),II.,320.

Matabrsett, U. S. S.. III., 31.S.

M.-ithias Point, Va.: I., 348; VI., '.Hi,
97, 308.

Mattapony River, Va.: I., 282; V.,
260.

Matthews, B., IX., l.r>8.

Maull, J. F., VII., 147.

Maumer. V. S. S., III., 342.

Maurepas. C. S. S.: I., 366: VI., 21*.

Maury D. H.: II., ISO. 332; III.,
32\ 344; quoted, IV., 27S; VI.,
25.s. 200; IX., 247; X., 251, 27S.

Maury. I.. I., 14.

Maury, M. F., VI., 296.

M:i\. v, S. B., X., 313.

Maxey, J., I., 179.

Maxwell, J. C,., VI., 104. 310.

May, E. S., quoted, V., .54.

Maynard, 11.. IV., 50.

Mazrppa, U. S. S., IV., 163.

Meade, G. G.: I., 43, 68, 73, 113,
132; II., 88, 100, 108, 110, 203;
with staff, II., 232; headquar
ters at Cemetery Ridge, Gettys
burg, Pa., II., 261; Jinny of.
.•iftrr crossing Potomac, II., ?(>7;
lic;nl«iuarters at Culpeper, Va.,
II., 345; III., 15, 28; hcad-
<|ii:irters at Brandy Station, \'a.,
III., 29, 30, 31, 32,"34. 4(i, 53, 55,
58, 68, 81, 82, 84, 88, 190, 294,
318, 320, 322, 324. 346; IV., 43,
92, 122, 203, 274, 312; V., 240,
24(i; VI., 317; at Gettysburg, 1'a.,
VIII., 36; march to Petersburg,
Va., VIII., 50, 95, 98, 204, 232,
234, 246, 327, 338, 345, 350, 357.
300. 3ox; IX.,235.331 :X.,10s,l(i9.

Meade, G., Jr., VIII., 192.

Meade, R. W., Jr., VI., 121.

Meadow Bridge, Va.: I., 319, 3_'2;
IV., 126.

Aleagher, T. F.: I., 330; II., 09;
Irish brigade, II., 92, 93, 324; X.,
125.

Mechanics: recruits, VIII., 187.

Mechanicrville, Va.: Kllorson's Mill
near, I., 317; bridge at, I., 31",
320, 322, 343, 364. 360; III., 84:
IV., 223 .svy.: V., 21, 30 ?eq., 32,
33, 149, 230; losses at, X.. 142.

Medical officers: VII., 216; army,
multiplicity of important duties
of, VII., 224; number of, in war,
and achievements of, VII., 226;
Federal, record of casualties
among, VII., 228; of the two
armies, consideration shown one
to the other, VII., 290.

Medical and surgical supplies: VII.,
213 «<>(/.; transportation of, VII.,
228, 230.

Medical service of the Confederacy,
VII., 237.

Medical supplies: means and ways
of obtaining, by Confederates.
VII., 242, 244; want of, among
citizens of Southern states, VII.,
245; books, in medical depart
ment of Confederate army, VIII.,
248-250.

Medical Landing, City Point, Va.,
VII., 227.

"Medical Purveyors Department,"
Confederate. VII., 241.

Medicines: poor quality and prep
aration of, VII., 232."

Medley, W. Va., II., 348.

"Meet. <) Lord," anon., IX., 352.

Meigs, M. C., VII., 69, 98; X., 291.

Meikle. G. W., III., 207.

Memminger, C. G.: VI., 30; X., 13.

Memorial Day: IX., 275; X., 294.

Memphis, Mo., I., 368.

Memphis, Tenn.: I., 94, 108, 187,
214, 225, 235, 236 seq.. 246, 24H,
366; II., 182, 18S, 341, 350; III.,
330; IV., 49; V., 164; VI., 35, 222,
314; VIII., 208; McClernand's
corps at, X., 11.

Memphis, U. S. S., II., 330.

Memphis and Charleston R.R.: II.,
147, 152; III., 16.

"Men who policed the Federals."
VII., 191.

"Men who shod a million horses,"
IV., 68, 69.

Mendell.G. H., V., 242.

Men<l«ta. U. S. S.: VI., 13, 63; the
Parrott gun of. VI., 275; men on
the, VI., 27S.

INDEX

Mercer, H. W.. X., 263.

Mercer. S., VI., 100.

Merchants' Association of Boston,
Mass., IX., 31.

" Merchants that followed the
armies," VIII., 33.

Merciaita, U.S.S.: II., 330; VI.,
239, 272, 318.

Mercury, U. S. S., II., 162.

Meredith, S.: II., 241 ; X., 125.

Meredith. S. A., VII., 101, 114.

Meredith, W. T., author of poem
"Farragut," IX., 102.

Meridian, Miss.: II., 341, 34S; III.,
221; IV., 198.

Meridian Hill, Washington. D. C.,
New York Seventh, camp of,
VIII., 67.

Merrill, G. S., X., 296.

Merrimac. C. S. S. (see also I ir-
Oinia, C. S. S.): I., 239, 200,
358; V., 258; VI., 20 seq., 36, 73,
130, 137, 140, 142, 1.54, 163, 309,
312,314.

Merritt. W.: III., 54, 160, 287, 328,
330, 332, 338. 340; IV., 23, 34, 41,
215, quoted. 222, 230, 242, 244,
250, 252. 260, 261, 271 seq., 276
Keg., 278; VIII., 185, 193, 196,
234; X., 95, 238.

Merrvman, J.. VII., 194, 200.

Mersy, A., X., 201.

Merv'ine, W., VI., 118.

Meserve, F. H., I., 14.

Metucomet, V. S. S., VI., 247, 254.

Metarnora, on Big Hatcbie River,
Miss., II., 324.

Mexican War: I., 174; II., 143, 242;
Braxton Bragg, services in, II.,
2S1; IV., 22, VII., 347; veterans
of, VIII., 181; IX., 211, 288; Lee
in. X., 56 seq.

Miami, V. S. S.: II., 352; III., 318;
VI., 188, 190; officers of, VI., 199.

Miantonomoh, U. S. S., VI., 132,
133, 152.

Michie, P. S. : III., 323; V., 243; IX.,
179.

Michigan: population of, in 1860,
VIII., 71; appropriations for
military service, VIII., 71; losses
during the Civil War, VIII., 71;
quota of troops furnished during
Civil War, VIII., 71; responses
to first call, VIII., 74; quota sent
to defend the Union, VIII., 77,
78.

Michigan State Relief Association,
at White House, Va., VII., 341.

Michigan troops:

Artillery: First, I., 352; III.,
326; Eleventh, II., 336, 348;
Twenty-fourth, II., 346.

Enuineerx: First, mechanics
and artisans of, building the Elk
River bridge, I., 213; III., 210,
211.

Cavalry: First, I., 360; IV., 29,
170; capture of Turner Asliby,
IV., 177, 240; Second, I., 364;
II., 330, 332, 336; IV., 146, 263;
Third, I., 358; II., 342; III., 324;
Fourth, III., 346; IX., 295, 297;
Seventh, II., 336; IV., 237, 240;
Ninth, II., 330; Tenth, III., 330.
Infantry: First, I., 348; III.,
3')1; transfer of the Fourth to,
VIII., 73; losses. X., 154; Second,
I., 348, 354; III., 330; Third, I.,
348, 354; II., 346; IX., 59; Fourth,
I., 304; VIII., 71; mustered in,
VIII., 73, 75, 77, 95: losses, X.,
154; Fifth, I., 354: II., 346; IV.,
172; IX., 59; losses, X., 154; Sixth,
II., 320, 330; Seventh, I., 296;
IX., 315; losses, X., 154; Eighth,
I., 360, 364, 366; VII., 4, 27;
Ninth, I., 368; II., 322; Eleventh,
III., 332; Twelfth, II., 328; Four
teenth, II., 320; Fifteenth, II.,
336; Sixteenth, I., 364; Eigh
teenth, II., 332; III., 332, 33S;
Nineteenth, II., 330, 332;
Twenty-first, II., 171, 173;
Twenty-second, II., 332: VIII.,
192; Twenty-third, II., 340-
Twenty-fourth, II., 239; X., 124:
Twenty-fifth, IV., 175; Twenty-
sixth, III., 313; bugler of, VIIL,
255; Twenty-seventh, losses, X.,
154.

Mirhiutm. V. S. S.: VI., IS; VIIL,

298.
Michler, \., V., 238, 240; cottage

of, V., 249.

Miekle, W. E., I., 19.

Middle Creek, Ky.. I., 356, 363.

Middle Croek Fork, W. Va. (see
also Buckhannon, \V Va.), I.,
348.

Middleburg, Tenn., II., 328.

Middleton, Tenn., II., 340.

Middletown, Md., III., 326.

Middletown, Va.: I., .364; II., 336.

Milbrook Manor House, England,
IX., 340 1.

Miles, D. H., I., 10.

Miles, N. A.: II., 60, 62; III., 201,
208, 294; VIIL, 196; X., 190,213.

Milford, Mo., I., 354.

Milford, Va., III., 158.

Military Commission: the trial and
conviction of C. L. Vallandigham
by, VII., 204 seq. ; the trial and
conviction of Col. L. P. Milligan
and associates by, VII., 206, 20S;
court convened at Washington.
D. C., May 9, 1865, VII., 207,
209; the members of the com
mission which tried the Lincoln
conspirators, VII.. 207-209.

Military Information Bureau:
VIII.', 264; chief and aides, VIIL.
264, 265, 278, 305 seq.

Military Order of the Loyal Legion:
its organization and history, L,
14-19; X., 290.

Military Railroads: an important
factor in war science: II., 34, 35
*•('?.; condition of, and their use
(hiring the war. II., 125; IV., 159;
deficient in equipment and physi
cal condition in 1864, IV., 91;
train captured and upset by Con
federates. IV., 91.

Military status of the North and
the South compared at the out
break of the war, IV., 24, 26.

Militia: arming of, V., 142; Louisi
ana, at drill, VIIL, 143; South
Carolina, at beginning of war,
VIII,, 147.

Mill Creek, N. C., III., 166.

Mill Creek Gap, Ga., III., 318.

Mill Creek Mills, W. Va. (see also
Romney, W. Va.), L, 354.

Mill Springs, Ky.: L, 180, 356: V.,
65; X., 156.

Milledgeville, Ga., III., 22S, 232.

Milteilurrillf, C. S. S.. VI., 75.

Milieu, Ga., VII., 130.

Miller, F. T.: L, 5, 9, 11: a photo
graphic history, outgrowth (,f
plan of, L, 14; II., 5.

Miller, J. F., X., 203.

Miller, Lieut., Pennsylvania First
Light Artillery: L, 23; III., 177.

Miller, S.:L, 147; X., 217.

Miller, W., X., 261.

Miller, W. H., L, 19.

Milligan, L. P., VII., 206, 208.

Milliken's Bend, La.: II., 212, 336;
VI., 207, 310.

Millsville, Mo. (see also Wentz-
ville, Mo.), L. 348.

Milroy, R. H.: II., 49, 322; III., 340.

Milwaukee, Wis.: mustering a
regiment, VIIL, 74.

Milwaukee, U. S. S., VI., 276, 319,
322.

Minclil, G. W.,X., 219.

Mine Run, Va.: II., 345, 346; III.,
17, 30; V., 238.

Miner, Lieut.. VIIL, 324.

Miner's Hill, Va., VIIL, 99.

Minnesota: response to first call,
VIIL, 74, 78; quota furnished to
defend I'nion, VIIL, 79; losses
during Civil War, VIIL, 79;
population of, in 1860, VIIL, 79.

Minnesota troops:

Infantry: First, L, 147, 348;
dead of, at Gettysburg, II., 244 ;
at Camp Stone, Md., VIIL, 79;
98; X., 124; losses, X., 152, 154;
Second, L, 34S, 356; III., 101;
Third, L, 368; II., 343, 350;
Fourth. III., 332; Fifth. II., 352;
III., 330; Seventh, III., 330;
Eighth, III., 159, 247; Ninth,
III., 324; Tenth, III., 270.

Minnesota, I". S. S.: L, 358; II., 348;
III., 340; V., 207; VI., 30, 48. 100,
102, 125, 156, 101, 269. 308. 311.

Minor, R. I)., VI., 168.

Minor's Hill, Va.: L, 257; signal
tower. VIIL, 315.

Mitity, H. II. G., IV., 34.

Missionary Ridge, Tenn.: battle of,
II., 10, 177, 270, 277, 290, 294,

MISSOURI TROOPS

301, 309; V., 208; IX., 115, 166;
X., 31, 90.

Mississippi: secedes, L, 346; military
division of, II., 296, 324; III'.,
322, 326; campaign in, IV., 198;
forts, VI., 38; a plantation view,
IX., 183; campaign that opened
1863, X., 78.

Mississippi troops, Confederate:

Artillery: Smith's battery, L,
354.

Camlry: First, L, 352; Second,
L, 352; Third, L, 352.

Infantry: First, L, 358; Second,
L, 350: Third. L, 358; Fourth, L,
356, 358; Sixth, losses at Shiloh,
Tenn., X., 158; Eighth, losses at
Stone's River, Tenn., X., 158;
Ninth, Company B, officers of, L,
97, 197, 201, 352; VIIL, 149, 151 ;
Tenth, L, 352; Eleventh. L, 350;
Twelfth, X., 150; Thirteenth, L,
348, 350, 352; Fifteenth, L, 350;
X., 156; Sixteenth, losses at An-
tietam. Md., X., 158; Seventeenth,
L, 350, 352; Eighteenth, L, 350,
352; losses at Antietam, Md., X.,
158; Nineteenth, X., 156; Twen
tieth, L, 358; Twenty-sixth, L,
358; Thirty-fifth, X., 1.50; Forty-
second. X., 150.

Mississippi troops, Union:

Infantry: First, III., 342.

Mississippi, C. S. S., L, 229, 233,
234.

Mississippi, U. S. S.: L, 227, 234;
II., 210; VI., 55, 188, 190, 191,
200, 234, 318.

Mississippi Central Railroad, II.,
200.

Mississippi river: opening of, II., 9.
129; II., 130, 179 .«</.: Federal
transportson.il., 182; the gate to,
II., 193; below Vieksluirg, Miss..
II., 330; VI., 35; delta of, VI.,
189;VIIL, 40; opening of.IX., 105.

Mississippi Sound, Miss., VI., 312.

Mississippi squadron: gunboats,
II., 330; VI., 214, 220; VIII., 330.

"Mississippi Valley in the Civil
War, The." John Fiske, II., 100,
272.

Mississippi Valley: VI., 112; ruins
in, IX., 317; campaign, X., 88.

Missouri: II., 330; militia, II., 344:
VII., 30; response to call to de
fend the Union. VIIL, 74; en
listment on both sides, VIIL, 102.

Missouri troops, Confederate:
Cavalry: First, L, 35S.
Infantry: First, L, 35S; Second,
L, 358; Third, L, 358; Fourth, L,
358; Fifth, L, 358; Sixth, L, 358;
losses at Vicksburg, Miss., and
Corinth, Miss., X., 150; Seventh,
X., 156.

State Guards: First, L, 350, 358.
Second. L, 358; Third, L, 350;
Fourth, L, 350; Fifth, L, 350;
Bowen's, L, 358; Price's, L, 352;
Rains', L, 350.

Missouri troops, Union:

Artillery: Second, Battery L,
II., 330; Bulliss', I., 358.

Artillery. Light: First, Tot ten's
Battery, L, 348, 350, 353, 368;
Company A, L, 352, 356;
Batterv D, IL, 332; Battery L,
II., 332, Battery M, II., 341, 344;
Second, Battery B, L, 358;
Battery E, II. , 352; Battery F,
L, 358; Battery H, III., 332.

Caralry: First, L, 352, 354, 356,
358. 300; IL, 344, 352; Second. L,
308; IL, 320, 332, 348; III., 332:
Third, L, 350; IL, 320, 330, 332;
Fourth, L, 358, 304; brigade, IL,
324, 344; Fifth, L, 358; Sixth,
L, 350, 352, 358; Seventh, II. ,
320, 344, 350, 352; Eighth, IL,
350- III., 330; Ninth. IL, 320:
Tenth, I., 350; IV., 198; Eleventh,
L, 368; III., 330; Twelfth, III.,
330; Thirteenth, III., 338; Six
teenth, II., 350: Berry's, L, 352;
Militia, IL, 326; Van Home's, L,
352.

Infantry: First, L, 353, 358,
362; Second, L, 348, 358, 368;
IL, 352; Third, L, 340, 348, 358,
307, 308- Fourth, IL, 352; III.,
324, 342; Fifth, L, 348; Sixth, L,
358; detachments of, L, 358; IL,
202, 342; Seventh, L, 350;
Eighth, L, 352, 350; Ninth, L,

[344]

MISSOURI TROOPS

INDEX

NAVY

Missouri troops — Continued.

368; III., 338; Tenth, II., 348;
III., 330, 342; Eleventh, III., 324,
330; Twelfth, I., 358; Thirteenth,
I., 352, 356; III., 338; Fourteenth,
I., 352; Fifteenth, I., 358; Seven
teenth, I., 358, 364; Twenty-
first Missouri Volunteers, I., 350;
III., 330; Twenty-fourth, I., 358;
Twenty-fifth, I., 352; Twenty-
seventh, I., 352; Thirty-ninth,
III., 332; Forty-third, III., 338
Forty-seventh, III., 332; Fiftieth,
III., 332.

Rffierve Corps: First, I., 346;
Third, I., 346; Fourth, 1., 346;
Fifth, I., 340.

Missouri, C. S. S., VI., 322.

Mitchell, .1. G., X., 233.

Mitchell, .1. K., VI., 89, 175, 192.

Mitchell, O. M.: I., 211; VIII., 277;
X., 187, 210.

Mitchell, R. H.. VIII., 102.

Mitchell's Station, Va. (see also
Cedar Mountain, Va.), II., 320.

Mizell, R. A., VIII., 14).

Mobile, Ala.: I., 87, 91, 94; II., 313;
III., 32, 221, 316; siege of, III.,
344; V., 216; VI., 17, 24, 34,
38, 40, 149, 250 254, 258, 316,
322; VII., 174; VIII., 240; cap
ture of, IX., 271.

Mo'oilc and Ohio Railroad, II., 146;
IV., 198.

Mobile Bay, Ala.: VI., 116, 120,
147, 187,' 193, 243, 249, 291, 314,
322; battle of, IX., 102, 105.

Mobile Register, quoted, IX., 34.

Moccasin Point. Tenn., II., 302.

Morrnsirt, V. S. S., III., 342.

Mohican, U. S. S.: III., 342; VI.,
22, 270.

Molena, Nicaragua!! minister, VI.,
25.

Moitke, H. K. R., I., 124.

Monndnock, U. S. S.: III., 340; VI.,
132, 133, 152.

Monarch, V. S. S.: I., 240, 242, 244,
366; VI., 35, 85, 222.

Monday's Hollow, Mo.: (same as
Wet Glaze, Mo.), I., 352.

Monette Ferry, La., II., 352.

Monett's Bluff, La., II., 130.

Monitor, U. S. S.: I., 110, 260, 276,
277. 283, 3*3, 358, 364; VI., 19,
36. 56, 77, 117, 130, 137, 138, 139,
154, 155; turret of, VI., 159; men
on the. VI., 161; crew of, VI.,
163; officers of, VI., 165, 179, 241,
309, 312, 314, 316.

Monitors (see also Ironclads) : I.; 24;
I 'nion, on the James, V., 311 ; VI.,
36, 38. 55. 56, 73, 75, 129-179.

Mo-iocacy, Md., III., 326.

Monongahela, Pa., battle of, IX.,
228.

Monongahela, U. S. S.: VI., 247, 251,
252, 254.

Monroe, Fortress, Va. (see also Fort
ress Monroe, Va.) : I., 51, 2.52, 25.5.
2(10; Capt. Parker quoted re-
gurding, VI., 170.

"Monroe Doctrine," V., 154.

Monroe Station, Mo , I., 348.

Mont'iuk, I'. S. S.: I., 24; II., 332;
VI., 128, 173, 241, 272, 318; IX.
336.

Montcalm, L. J., I., 12.

Monterey, Cal., battle at, IX., 93.

Montftrey Gap. Pa., II., 340.

Montevallo, Mo., L, 360.

Montgomery, A. B., III., 332.

Montgomery, J. E.: I., 2,38, 242,
244; VI., 83, 220.

Montgomery, Ala.: L, 87; III., 346;
IV., 138;V., 158, 166; VI., 74, 258.

Montgomery Hill, Nashville, Tenn.,
III., 268."

Moiitijomerii, V. S. S., III., 342.

MonticeHo, Ky., II., 336.

MontireUo, U. .S. S.: III., 342; VI.,
100, 269, 308, 316.

Monton, A., II., 352; X., 153.

Montpelier, Vt., Vermont Sixth In
fantry, departure from, VIII., 65.

Moody,' Y. M., X., 255.

Moon', J. W., VII., 150.

Moon Lake, Miss., VI., 208.

Moonlight, T., X., 207.

Moore, .L. VII., 224.

Moore, J. C'., X., 315.

Moore, J. .L, V., 287.

Moore, P. T., X., 319.

Moore, S. P., VII., 222, 238, 239,
250, 27S, 282, 349, 351.

[2o ED.]

Moore, W., VIII., 263.

Moore's House, Va., I., 269.

Moore's Mills, Mo., L, 368.

Moorefield, West Va.: III., 328; IV.,
102, 108.

Morehead, J. W., VI., 233.

Morehead, T. G., II., 61.

Morell.G.W. :!., 257, 342; VIII., 315.

Morfit, Major, VII., 95.

Morgan, A. S. M., IX., 59.

Morgan. C. H.: VII., 20; X., 229.

Morgan, G. W.: I., 366; II., 202,
328; X., 189, 216, 233.

Morgan, J. D.: III., 268; X., 85.

Morgan, J. H.: I., 178, 362, 368;
II., 168, 170, 320, 326, 328, 332,
334, 336; raid in Ohio, II., 340;
raid in Indiana, II., 340; raid in
Kentucky, II., 340, 348; III.,
322, 324, 328, 330; IV., 34, 77,
134; his Christmas raid, 1862-
1863, IV., 144-164, 168, 174 seg.,
175 seq.; death of, IV., 176, 262;
VII., 20, 58, 141, 150, 152; VIII.,
18, 145, 248, 275, 290, 302, 362;
X., 155, 280.

Morgan, J. T.. IV., 160.

Morgan, M. M., I., 81.

Morgan, R. C., VII., 20.

Morgan, C. S. S., VI., 252, 254,

Morrill, Asst. Eng., C. S. N., VII.,
123.

Morris, Mrs. A.: VII., 200; VIII.,
289.

Morris, Lieut. C. M., Confederate
navy, VI., 294.

Morris, G. I"., VI., 162.

Morris, H. W., VI., 55, 190.

Morris, R. L., X., 2.

Morris, W. H., X., 225.

Morris Island, S. C.: L, 24, 101 seq.;
II., 319, 335, 342; HI., 246; V.,
12, 110, 118; VI., 107, 126, 238,
274, 318; VII., 163; stockade for
Confederate prisoners at, VII.,
165, 176; VIII., 66; IX., 51, 333.

Morrison,, I. G., X., 103.

Morrison, T., VIII., 363.

Morrison, W. R., L, 186.

Morristown, Mo., I., 352.

Morristown, Tenn., II., 348; III.,
338.

Morrisville, Va., IV., 233.

Morrow, II. A., X., 215.

Morse, S. F. B., L, 38.

Morse, U. S. S., L, 356.

Mortar "Dictator," III., 186 seq.;
17,000 pound sea-coast tvpe, V.,
131.

Mortar schooners used by Federals,
VI., 190. 195, 197, 200".

Mortars: V., 23; Coehorn, V., 149,
17S; Confederate at Petersburg,
V., 182; Federal at Petersburg,
V., 182.

Morton,,!. S., III., 261.

Morton, O. P., X., 292.

Morton, St. C., for whom Fort Mor
ton was named, III., 206.

Morton, Camp, Ind., IV., 214.

Morton Ford, Va.: II., 350; III., 30;
IV., 119; VII., 181.

Morton, Fort, Va. (see Fort Morton,
Va.):I., 34; V., 95.

Mosby, C. F., Confederate drum
mer boy, VIII., 383.

Mosby, .L S.: II., 330, 348; IV., 27,
32/77, 116, 166; and staff, IV.,
166 seq., 168, 169, 171 seq., 176
seq., 178, 180, 219.

Moscow, Ark., II., 352.

"Moscow," horse of P. Kearnv
IV., 318.

Moscow Station, Miss., II., 346.

Moses, Lieutenant, VII., 123.

Moxher, C. S. S.: L, 227; VI., 187,
191, 200.

"Mosquito Fleet": Union, I., 245;
Confederate, I., 356.

Moss, L., VII., 17.

"Mother Kissed Me In My
Dream," IX., 350.

Mott, G.: III., 46, 60; X., 190, 219.

Moulton, Ala., III., 322.

Moultrie, Fort, S. C. (see also Fort
Moult rie, S. C.) : L, 24, 99; V., 1 19.

Mound City, 111., L, 185, 216; VI.,
213; naval station at, VI., 215,
322; hospital at, VII., 320.

Mount! fit!/, V. S. S.: L, 222, 225.
237, 23S, 362, 366; II., 194, 19(1;
VI., 214. 220, 222, 314; VII., 319;
IX., 271.

Mount Elba, Ark., II., 350.

Mount Jackson, Va., IV., 249.

Mount McGregor, N. Y., IX., 112,

119; X., 40.
Mount Sterling, Ky.: II., 332; III.,

322.

Mount Vernon, Ala., V., 156, 164.
Mount Vernon, Ohio, VII., 204.
Mount Vernon, Va., IX., 125.
Mount Vernon, U. S. S.: VI., 92,

308, 312, 316.
Mount Zion, Mo., L, 356.
"Mounted Police of the West,

The," I., 209.
Mower, J. A.: III., 347; X., 76, 77,

191, 224.

Mudd, S. A., VII., 205.
Mukden, Manchuria, I., 136; X., 126.
Mulberry Island, Va., V., 306.
Muldrau'ghs Hill, Ky., IV., 150.
Mulford, J. E.: VIL, 101; Federal

exchange officer, VII., 103, 172.
Mullarkey, P., VIII., 362.
Mullen, J., X., 35.
Mullen, J. D., II., 331.
Mulligan, J. A.: III., 332; X., 135.
Mumford, W. B., VIL, 110.
Mumfordville, Ky. (see also Row-

lett's Station, Ky.) : L, 354; II.,

324; IV., 154.
Mumma's House, Antietam, Va.,

II., 65.
Munford, T. T., III., 344; IV., 87

seq., 104.

Munn, B.. L, 179.
Munson, E. L., VIL, 9, 218, 346,

347.

Munson, ,1. W., IV., 166.
Munsons, Va., L, 350; IV., 78.
Murfreesboro, Tenn. (see also

Stone's River, Tenn.): L, 132,

368; courthouse at, II., 161, 162.

166 seq., 169; repairing track at.

II., 175, 178, 272, 328; III., 340:

IV., 34; C'onfcderate army at,

IV., 144, 153, 156; V., 46, 206,

254; VIII., 103; losses at, X., 142,
Murray, A., VI., 310.
Murray, J. A., VIII., 861.
Murray, R., VIL, 224.
Muse, E. H., VIIL, 113.
Music (see also Bands, Drummer

Boys, Buglers) as a pastime,

VIIL, 117.
"Music in Camp," J. R. Thompson,

EC.. 26, 190, 197.
Musicians serenading a colonel,

VIIL, 239.
Muskets; bayonets of: V., 125; store

of, V., 126; smooth bore, V., 168.
Mussel Shoals, Tenn., VI., 233.
Mussey, R. D , IV., 163.
'My Father, How Long?" IX., 352.
"My Maryland," J. R. Randall,

IX., 19,20, 158, 161.
"My Old Kentucky Home, Good

Night," IX., 346.'
Myer, A. J., VIIL, 308, 312, 339,

340, 352.

Myers, Major, VIL, 90.
Myrick, H., L, 18.
Myrtle Street Prison, St. Louis,

Mo., VIL, 44, 46.

N

Nagle, J., X., 293.

Naglee, H. M.: L, 286, 290, 293,
293, 364.

Nahant, U. S. S.: II., 332; VI., 128,
171, 173, 274.

Names (local) of military organi
zations, VIIL, 82, 97, 111, 140.

Nanna Hubba Bluff, Ala., VI., 260.

Xansemonil, V. S. S., III., 342.

Nantucket, U. S. S.: II., 332; VI.,
128.

Napier, "Tom," II., 162.

Napoleon L, IX., 87.

Napoleons (12 pounder guns), V.,
14, 50.

\nrrngnnselt, V. S. S., VI., 48.

Nashville, Tenn.: L, 134, 182, 190,

192, 196, 211, 212, 358; bridge, L,
368; wharf at, II., 162; supply
steamers at, II., 163, 168, 172,
326; III., 12, 19,216,218,238,249;
the end of the war in Tennessee,
III., 249; bridge at, III., 249, 250,
251, 252, 253, 255, 257, 258; capi-
tol at, III., 259, 261; view of.
III., 261; fortifications around,
constructed by Union engineers,
III., 261: plan of battle used as
model in European military
schools. III., 264, 267, 269, 340,

346; IV., 147, 155, 161, 241, 256,
328; V., 50; Brennon's foundry
at, V., 65, 164, 251, 302; VIL,
145, 161; provost-marshal at,
VIL, 193; officers' hospital at,
VIL, 233; Presbyterian church
used as hospital at, VIL, 273;
VIIL, 207, 210, 252; army re
pair shop at, VIIL, 40; guarding
supplies at, VIIL, 21: United
States "Franklin Shops," at,
VIIL, 41; campaign, VIIL, 340;
IX., 64; cemetery at, IX., 281.

Xaxhrille, C. S. S., VI., 272, 310,
312, 318.

Nashville and Chattanooga Rail
road: II., 168, 273, 274; IV., 254;
blockhouse in, IV., 149; V., 295.

Nassau, Bermuda, VI., 15.

Nast, Thomas, a cartoon by, VIIL ,
2.

Natchez, Miss.: courthouse at, I.,
93, 231; surrender of, L, 231;
VI., 149, 204, 314.

Natchitoches, La., VI., 227.

National Cemeteries: Gettysburg,
Pa., II., 259; IX., 281; Alex
andria, Va., IX., 281; Charles
ton, S. C., IX., 281; City Point,
Va., IX., 281; Military Cemetery,
IX., 281 : Soldiers' Home, Wash
ington, D. C., IX., 281.

National Encampment, G. A. R., the
first encampment held at In
dianapolis, Ind., Nov. 20, 1866,
X., 294.

National Intelligencer, Washington,
^ D. C., quoted from, VIL, 52.

National Red Cross: organization
by Clara Barton, VIL, 339.

National Tribune, Washington, D.
C., L, 19.

National Unity: Prof. Albert Bush-
nell Hart, quoted on, IX., 219.

Nationality of recruits in regiments,
VIIL, 80.
Naugatuck, U. S. S., L, 364.

Naval Academy, U. S., Class of '66,
VI., 65, 67.

Navy, Confederate States: L, 85;
importance of cotton to, VL,
28; paucity of navy yards, VL,
71; achievements of, VL, 72;
problem confronting, VL, 74;
increase of the service in,
VI. , 78; officers from Federal
service, VL, 78; activity of,
VL, 80; vessels in, at close of
1861, VL, 82; efforts to build
vessels abroad by, VL, 86;
bureaus of, VL, 88; recruiting of,
VL, 88; pay of officers in, VL, 90;
establishes naval school, VL, 90;
blockade runners, VL, 124;
design of first ironclad, VL, 153;
command of cruisers, VL, 290
seq.; efforts to secure vessels
abroad, VL, 290,291,292,294,296.

Navy, United States: I., 85; vessels,
type of, in war of 1812, VL, 4;
war drill in, VL, 13; importance
of, VI. , 18; men of the old, VL,
19; joint expeditions of, with
army, VL, 23; problem confront
ing, in 1861, VL, 27; officers con
gratulating Grant at Vicksburg,
VL, 37; increase during Civil
War, VL, 38, 50; notable battles
of, VI., 38; quality of volunteer
cfficers of, VL, 38, 60, C3, 257;
men of the old, VL, 42, 43;
veteran vessels of, VL, 44, 45;
importance of merchant marine
to, VI. , 46; available strength of,
in 1861, VL, 48; sailing vessels of,
VI. , 49; resignation of officers of,
before hostilities, VL, '0, 78; offi
cers recruited from Annapolis,
Md., VL, 50, 67; steam frigates
(t, VI. , 51; bureaus of Navy De
partment, VI., 52; work required
of, in 1861, VL, 53; increase of
fighting force by, VI. , 54; steam
sloop of war, type of, VL, 55;
number of vessels built for, dur
ing Civil War, VL, 60; purchased
vessels added to, in 1861-2; VL,
(il ; personnel, quality of, VL, (il ;
increase of number of artisans in,
by 1862, VL, 62, 117; pay of
officers and men in, VL, 64, 66;
cost of, during Civil War, VL, 64;
traditions in, VL, 65, 280; first
employs "contrabands," VL,
70; promotion among officers

[ 343 ]

NAVY

Navy, t'nited States — Continued.
after ihe war. VI., 70; principal
navy yards during war, VI., 70,
72; first work on the Potomac,
VI* 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99; replaces
buoys and lights, VI., 95; first
expedition of, in Civil War, VI.,
100; joint expeditions of, with
army, VI., 100; increase of, by
December, 1801, VI., 116; princi
pal guns during war, VI., 117;
number of officers of, at close of
war, VI., US; in Eastern waters,
VI., 126, 127; the most famous
naval action of the Civil War,
VI., 1.54 seq.; on inland waters,
VI., 212 seq.; establishment of
navy yards on Mississippi River,
VI., 213; joint expedition of, with
army, VI., 214, 236-256; in final
operations, VI., 257, 258-260;
vessels purchased by, in 1861,
VI., 262; achieves first victory in
war, VI., 268, 269; nondescript
commands in, VI., 269,270-276;
high pay in, VI., 278; number of
"landsmen" in, VI., 280; petty
officers of, VI., 282; surgeons,
VII., 317 seq.; the South's con
queror, VIII., 134.

Navy: Russian, aids United States
in Civil War, VI., 27; efficiency
of, VI., 29.

Nebraska troops:

Infantry: First, I., 356.

Neely, Mosby Ranger, VI., 166.

Neerwinden, Belgium, battle of,
II., 272.

Neff, G. W., VII., 47.

Negley, J. S.: II., 174; staff of, II.,
2771

"Negro Battle Hymn," IX., 352.

"Negro" Spirituals, IX., 352.

Negro troops: in the armies of the
North and South, employment
of, II., 155; used to guard Con
federate prisoners, VII., 63; in
Union Army, decrees of North
and South "in regard to, VII.,
110, 117; a voluminous cor
respondence between a North
ern and a Southern lawyer (both
army officers) in regard to, VII.,
116," 117, 118, 174; attitude of
Confederate Government to
ward, VII., 174; in Union Army,
VII., 191.

Negroes: problem of the, II., 30, 31;
flocking of, toward the Union
army on its march to the sea,
III.,' 223; labor on Confederate
earthworks, V., 264; refugees at
Richmond, Va., V., 319; enlist
ment of. VII., 145.

"Nellie Gray," horse of Fitzhugh
Lee, IV., 318.

Nelson, W.: I., 204, 205 seq., 207,
208, 360; X., 207.

Nelson, C. S. S.. IV., 264.

Nelson Church Hospital, York-
town, Va., VII., 259.

Nelson Farm, Va., I., 336, 366.

.\emeha, U. S. S., IX., 169.

Neosho, Mo., I., 362.

Neoxho, U. S. S., VI., 147, 228.

Neptune. C. S. S.: II., 330; VI., 310.

Nereus, V. S. S., III., 342.

Neuse River, N. C., VI., 320.

Neutrality laws: proclaimed by
foreign powers, VI., 292; broken
by Com. Collins, VI., 293, 294;
observed by Capt. Winslow,
VI., 305.
^N'evius, H. M., X., 296.

New Berne, N. C.: I., 358; II., 348;
Vermont Ninth Infantry hospital
at, VII., 231; hospital' at, VII.,
333; federal barracks. IX., 55,
69; fortifications near, IX.,
71.

New Bridge, Va.: I., 281, 285, 364;
V., 320.

New Creek, W. Va.: IV., 108; raid
at, a Confederate success, IV.,
110, 112.

New England: number of troops
furnished by, VIII., 58; troops
attacked in Maryland, VIII., 74.

New England Society of New York,
IX., 31, 32, 304.

"New England Tribute to Tx>e,"
Charles F. Adams, IX., 122.

New Farmington, Tenn., II., 314.

New Hallowed hospital at Alex
andria, Va., VII., 235.

[2D ED.]

INDEX

New Hampshire troops:

Infantry: Second, I., 348;
Third, I., 366; II., 326; company
F II., 329; V., 117; IX., 353;
Fourth, II., 326; Fifth, I., 279;
VIII., 102; losses, X., 152; Sixth,
I., 362; Seventh, II., 350; Tenth,
II., 327.

New Hampshire: population of, m
1860, VIII., 58; number of troops
furnished by, VIII., 59; number of
troops lost, VIII., 59; enlistment,
VIII., 102.

New Haven, Conn., VIII., 62.

New Hope, Va., II., 346.

New Hope Church, Ga.: "Hell
Hole," HI., 62, 68, 113, 116; V.,
201, 208.

New Ironsides, U. S. S.: II., 332;
III., 340; V., 267; VI., 128, 137,
138, 139, 274, 320.

New Jersey: contribution to the
Civil War forces, VIII., 85.

New Jersey troops:

Cavalry: First, I., 366; IV., 57,
226, 228.

Infantry: First, II., 322, 336;
Second, II., 322; HI., 324, 342;
Third, II., 322; Fourth, II., 322;
on the Potomac, VIII., 85; officers
of, VIII., 85; Fifth, II., 344;
Sixth, II.. 344; Seventh, II., 344;
Eighth, II., 344; Ninth, I., 356,
358; Fifteenth, losses, X., 154;
Twenty-third, X., 138; Twenty-
sixth, II., 336.

New Kent, Va., IV., 85.

New Kent Court House, Va. : St.
Peter's church, near, I., 297.

New Lisbon, Ohio: II., 340; IV., 175.

New London, U. S. S., VI., 312.

New Madrid, Mo.: I., 215, 216, 217,
220, 236, 358; II., 14; VI., 312.

New Market, Md., IV., 154.

New Market, Va.: HI., 25, 140,
158, 320, 326; VII., 147.

New Market Road, Va.: I., 366;
IV., 242.

New Mexico troops:

Cavalry: First, I., 358.
Infantry: First, I., 358; Second,
I., 358; Fifth, I., 358.

New Orleans, La., I., 215, 219, 226
seq., 229, 230, 231, 234, 249, 250,
362; II., 135, 136, 188 seq., 198,
331; III., 319; V., 166; VI., 17,
24, 34, 40, 85, 120, 184, 186, 190,
196, 201, 204, 222, 258, 308, 314,
322; Union prisoners at, VII., 49,
110, 240; batteries from, VIII.,
150; St. Charles Hotel at, VIII.,
211, 248, 288; New Orleans Delta
quoted, IX., 19; capture of, IX.,
105; Delta quoted, regarding the
origin of "My Maryland," IX.,
158.

"New Orleans Perote Guards." of
New Orleans, La., V., 165.

New Orleans Picayune, IX., 344.

"New Orleans Washington Artil
lery" of New Orleans, La., I., 95,
199; II., 165; V., 58, 63; VIII.,
119, 125, 127, 150.

"New South," oration by H. W.
Grady, DC., 31, 304.

New York, N. Y.: I., 88; draft riots
in, IV., 218; VI., 56, 312; sani
tary fair at, VII., 329; Women's
Central Relief Association, VII.,
334; newspapers, VIII., 33; uni
form of troops, VIII., 78, 288;
Confederate agents attempt
burning of, VIII., 302; mass
meeting, X., 14; recruiting station
in, X., 15; Broadway in 1861, the
Astor House, X., 15; defenses of,
X., 56.

New York troops:

Artillery, Heavy: Second, at
Belle Plain, \"a., V., 53; at Fort
C. F. Smith, V., 107, 125;
Fourth, V., 97; Fifth, V., 26 sen.,
28 *rq.; Eighth, X., 154; Thir
teenth, HI., 95; Fourteenth,
VIII., 331.

A rtillery. Lif/ht: First , Company
B, guns of Pettit's battery, I., 280;
officers of, I., 295; 20 pound Par-
rott guns of, I., 295; II., 265; V.,
29, 31, 49; Third, I., 360; II., 348;
Battery F, III., 340; after at
tempt on Fort Sumter, V., 151;
Sixth, II., 332, 336; Ninth, I.,
352; Thirteenth at Petersburg,
Va., VIII., 243; at City Point,

Va., VIII., 243; Seventeenth, V.,
45, 83.

Engineers: First, I., 366; II.,
326; Fifteenth, V., 213, 233;
Fiftieth, V., 213, 220, 247; VII.,
265; VIII., 101: church built by,
at Petersburg, Va., VIII., 257

Cavalry: First, I., 354; II., 336;
III., 328; Dragoons, IV., 244;
Second, II., Ill, 336, 352;
changed to New York Seventh,
IV., 15, 285; VIII., 193, 196;
Third, I., 366; II., 322; III., 318;
Fourth, II., 332; Fifth, I., 364;
II., 334; IV., 232; Sixth, II.,
334, 336; IV., 118; Seventh, IV.,
14, 15. Eighth, II., 324, 336; IV.,
84, 118; Ninth, II., 336; IV., 118;
Tenth, II., 336; IV., 21, 26, 57;
Eleventh, II., 344, Twelfth, II.,
348: Thirteenth, IV., 27, 31 seq.,
61 sfq., 173 seq., 181, 218, 219;
Fourteenth, II., 350; Sixteenth,
detachment, of Company L, cap
tures J. W. Booth, VII., 205;
Eighteenth, II., 352; Twentieth,
II., 348.

Infantry: First, I., 348; Sec
ond/I., 348; VII., 169; Third, I.,
348; VII., 103; VIII., 229;
Fourth, VII., 169; at battle of
Bull Run, VIII., 85; Fifth, Dur-
yee's Zouaves, I., 51, 348; IV.,
104; Sixth, I., 352; Company G,
I., 354; Company I, I., 354;
Seventh, L, 348, 358; reaches
Annapolis Junction, VIII., 67;
mustered out, VIII., 67; march
ing down Broadway, VIII., 67;
after reaching Washington, D. C.,
VIII., 67; first New York militia
to reach Washington, D. C.,
VIII., 67, 72, 74; repairing the
railways, VIII., 74; invades Vir
ginia, VIII., 76; crossed the
Potomac, VIII., 70, 82; IX., 159;
Eighth, I., 348, 366; V., 4, 293;
waiting orders from Washington,
VIII., 72, 78, 87; at Arlington
Heights, Va., VIII., 87, 91, 93,
95; drummer boys of, VIII., 179;
officers of, VIII., 181; Ninth,
Company I, I., 348, 350, 356,
362; VI., 310; VIII., 229; X., 124;
Tenth, II., 342; VII., 169;
Eleventh, I., 346, 348, 358;
Twelfth, I., 44, 348, 364; II.,
324; at Camp Anderson, VIII.,
89; Thirteenth, I., 348, 364;
Fourteenth, L, 348, 364; VIII.,
72, 78; Fifteenth, II., 336;
Sixteenth, I., 348, 362; II., 330;
Seventeenth, I., 364; VIII., 99;
at Miners' Hill, Washington,
D. C., VIII., 99; a dress parade,
VIII., 99; IX., 157; Eighteenth,
I., 348; Nineteenth, I., 350;
Twentieth, I., 350; Twenty-
second, marching, VIII., 203;
IX., 345; Twenty-fifth, I., 364;
Twenty-sixth, I., 168; Twenty-
seventh, I., 348, 362; Twenty-
eighth, I., 350; II., 25; Twenty-
ninth, I., 348; Thirty-first, L,
348, 362; Thirty-second, I., 348,
362; Thirty-third, I., 364; Thirty-
fourth, L, 296; Thirty-fifth, L,
348, II., 61; Thirty-seventh, L,
354; IX., 59; Thirty-eighth, L,
348; VIII., 82, 97; Thirty-ninth,
I., 348, 366; II., 324; Fortieth, L,
352; II., 346: VIII., 104: Forty-
first, I., 360; Company C, II., 49;
Forty-fourth, I., 364; II., 253,
255; VIII., 82, 258; losses of,
VIII., 259; IX., 147; Forty-fifth,
L, 354, 366; Forty-sixth, I., 360,
366; Forty-seventh, I., 36(1; II.,
350; Forty-eighth, I., 360; II.,
326, 350; Forty-ninth, I., 364;
Fiftieth, II., 336; Fifty-first, I.,
356, 358; Fifty-third,' I., 356;
Fifty-fourth. I., 366; Fifty-fifth,
officers of, I., 69; officers of,
VIII., 97; royally welcomed in
Washington, D. C., VIII., 97;
Fifty-sixth, I., 290; III., 340;
Fifty-seventh, ambulance corps
of, VII., 298, 299; Fifty-eighth, L,
366; Sixtieth, VII., 181; Sixty-
first, II., 69; III., 201; VIII., 194,
196; Sixty-third, II., 93; Sixty-
fourth, I., 279; Sixty-seventh,
VIII., S2; Sixty-eighth,' VIII., 87;
Sixty-ninth, I., 348; II., 93; "the

NEWSPAPER

fighting Sixty-ninth," VII., 25,
27; organizing, VIII., 72; at mass,
VIII., 257; losses, X., 154;
Seventy-first, I., 44, 348; offi
cers of, VIII., 69; mustered out,
VIII., 69; organization of, as
' 'Second Excelsior," VIII., 69; at
Camp Douglas, VIII., 69; losses
during the war, VIII., 69; to the
front, VIII., 72; formerly the
' 'American Guard." VIII., 72, 78;
uniforms of, VIII., 78; Seventy-
second, surgeon of, VII., 265;
Seventy-fourth, IX., 78; Seventy-
fifth, II., 330; Seventy-seventh,
I., 364; Seventy-ninth, I., 348,
350, 366; "Highlanders," II., 73;
VII., 4, 27; VIII., 72; organizing,
VIII., 72; Eightieth, VIII., 265;
Eighty-second, I., 296; Eighty-
fifth, "II., 352; Eighty-sixth, II.,
336; IX., 350; Eighty-eighth, II.,
93; Eighty-ninth, L, 350, 362:
Ninety-third, I., 50; just before
Antietam, Md., L, 61; III., 71;
officers' out-door mess, VIII.,
201; X., 124; Ninety-ninth, II.,
348; One Hundredth," I., 290; One
Hundred and First, losses, X.,
152; One Hundred and Second,
VII., 181, 263, 289; One Hundred
and Sixth, II., 336: One Hundred
and Ninth, VII., 65; One Hun
dred and Eleventh, II., 324; X.,
124; One Hundred and Four
teenth, II., 336; III., 154; One
Hundred and Fifteenth, II., 324,
350; One Hundred and Twenti
eth, VIII., 264; One Hundred and
Twenty-first, II., 346; X., 128;
losses, X., 154; One Hundred and
Twenty-fourth, II., 336; One
Hundred and Twenty-fifth, II.,
324; One Hundred and Twenty-
sixth, II., 324; losses, X., 124, 154;
One Hundred and Twenty-
seventh, III., 340; One Hundred
and Thirty-second, II., 348; One
Hundred and Thirty-seventh,
VII., 181; One Hundred and
Fortieth, II., 253; One Hundred
and Forty-first, IX., 195; One
Hundred and Forty-fourth, III.,
340; One Hundred and Forty-
sixth, VIII., 99; IX., 157; One
Hundred and Fifty-first, II., 344;
One Hundred and Fifty-fifth,
III., 340; losses, X., 154; One
Hundred and Fifty-seventh, III.,
340; One Hundred and Sixtieth,
II., 332; One Hundred and Sixty-
fourth, at guard mount, VIII.,
183; band of, VIII., 233; One
Hundred and Seventieth, IX.,
153; X., 288; One Hundred
and Seventy-sixth, I., 60; II., 336.
Zouaves: New York Fire De
partment presents photographer
Brady with a sword, I., 31;
VIII., 80; IX., 346; Eleventh, as
prisoners in Castle Pinckney,
S. C., L, 165; VII., 27.

NewYork, U S. S. : VI., 54 ; VII., 107.

Neiv York Day Book, method of
securing war news, VIII., 288.

New York Express, method of se
curing war news, VIII., 288.

New York Herald: wagon of, in front
of Gen'l John Pope's headquar
ters, II., 14; headquarters of,
VIII., 28, 29; headquarters in the
field, VIII., 293; IX., 31; quoted,
IX., 68.

New York News: method of securing
war news, VIII., 288.

New York Peace Society, I., 18.

New York Sun, quoted, IX., 159.

New York Tribune: editorial on
secession, VIII. , 06; IX., 270, 297.

Newark Advertiser, Newark, N. J.,
IX., 37.

Newcomer Mill, Md., IV., 231.

Newell, Mosby Ranger, IV., 166.

Newman, J., VII., 351.

Newport, R. L: I., 88; VI., 67;
Rhode Island recruited, VIII., 60.

Newport Barracks, N. C.: II., 348;
IX., 157.

Newport News, Va.: I., 348; VI.,
156, 314.

Newsom, Mrs. E., VII., 296.

Newspaper correspondents: VIII.,
29; General Sherman's criticism
of, VIII., 29; reveal army move
ments, VIII., 285.

[344]

NEWSPAPERS

INDEX

OUDENARDE

Newspapers: tho activities of, VIII.,
22; at headquarters in the army
of Potomac, VIII., 33; accounts
of government seizures, VIII., 00;
censorship of, VIII., 270; North
ern, give information to the Con
federates, VIII., '485, 288, 292;
field headquarters of the New
York Henld, VIII., 293.

Newton, J.: II., 127; III., 120, 125;
V., 1C; X., 85, 179, 188.

Newtonia, Mo.: II., 324; III., 338.

Newtown, Va., I., 304; III., 338.

Niagara, U. S. S.: V., 57; VI., 48,
50, lid, 122, 295, 298; VIII., 157.

Niagara Falls, N. Y., VIII., 282.

Nichols, K. T., VI., 190, 201.

Nichols, F. T., X., 111.

Nichols, ,1. It., VIII., 363.

Nichols, W. A., X., 303.

Nichols, telegraph operator, VIII.,
350.

Nicholson, J. N., I., 14.

Nicholson, S., VI., 121.

Nickerson, F., X., 211.

Niahtinaalt, C. S. S., VI., 49.

Nine Mile Road, Va., I., 288.

Nolensvilie, Tenn., IV., 147.

Nolin, Ky., IV., 148.

Non-combatants: their services,
VIII., 42

Norfolk, Va.: I., 142, 362, 364;
navy yard at, V., 159, 177, 258,
300, 308; VI., 26. 30; Gosport
navy yard, VI., 54, 308; navy
vard at, ruins of, VI., 73; ruins of
'machine shop at, VI., 75, 82, 98,
102, 118; vessels built at, VI.,
136, 155, 158, 182; IX., 105.

Norris, J. B., VIIL, 363.

Norris, W., VIIL, 340.

North America, U. S. S., VI., 322.

Nurtli American Rei'iew, IX., 23.

North Anna, Va.: Chesterfield
Bridge at, III., 71, 74, 77, 78. 79,
82; Hancock's corps crosses
bridge ut, III., 83; V., 21; VIIL,
250.

North Anna River, Va.: I., 43, 135;
III., 322; ruins of bridge, IV.,
125; V., 220, 221, 233, 235,
260; VII., 41; VIIL, 198; soldiers
bathing in, VIIL, 209.

North Atlantic Squadron, U. S
Navy, III., 340; VI., 195.

North Carolina: secedes, I., 346;
Stringham's fleet in the waters
of, IV., 104; enlistment on both
sides in, VIIL, 103; the Depart
ment of, under General Burnside,
IX., 09.

North Carolina troops, Confederate:
Artillery: Brem's, I., 356;
Latham's, I., 356; Whitehurst's,
I., 356.

Infantry: First, I., 348; VIIL,
103; Second, I., 356; X., 150;
losses at Gettysburg, Pa., X., 158;
Third, losses at Gettysburg, Pa.,
X., 158; Fourth, losses at Seven
Pines, Va., X., 158; Fifth, I., 272,
348, 350; II., 67; Sixth, I., 350;
Seventh, I., 356, 358; losses at
Seven Days, Va., X., 158; Eighth,
I., 350; Eleventh, I., 348, 350;
Seventeenth, I., 356; Eighteenth,
IX., 89; losses at Seven Days, Va.,
X., 158; Nineteenth, I., 356;
Twentieth, X., 156; Twenty-
sixth, I., 356, 358; II., 350;
losses at Gettysburg, Pa.. X., 158;
Twenty-seventh, I., 356; II., 59;
losses at Antietam, Md., X., 158;
Twenty-eighth, I., 350; Thirty-
first, L, 356; Thirty-third, I., 356,
358; losses at Chancellorsville,
Va., X., 158; Thirty-fifth, L, 356,
358; Thirty-sixth, VI., 246;
Thirty-seventh, I., 356; Forty-
sixth," L, 356; Forty-eighth, X.,
156; Fifty-seventh, X., 156;
Fifty-ninth, L, 356; Sixty-sev
enth, VII., 249.

North Carolina troops, Union:

Infantry: First, II., 322; col
ored, II., 350; Second, II., 348.
North Carolina, U. S. S., VI., 163.
Northern Virginia, Army of (see also
Army of Northern Virginia), L,
34, 82, 96. 284 seq., 298, 312.
Northrop, L. B., VII., 178.
Norton, C. B., L, 29.
Nugent, 11., X., 225.
Nurses of the United States Sani
tary Commission, VII., 329.

l&> ED.]

Ny River, Va., V., 260.
Nyack, U. S. S., III., 342.

o

"O Wrap the Flag Around Me,
Boys," R. S. Taylor, IX., 350.

O. A. K. the Corps de Belgique,
VII., 204.

"O. AV'C. S. S., VI., 123.

Oak Grove, Va. (see also Second
Battle of Fair Oaks, Va.) : L, 320,
366.

Oak Hill, Mo. (see also Springfield,
Mo., and Wilson's Creek, Mo.),
L, 350.

O'Beirne, J. R.,X., 225.

O'Brien, R., telegraph operator,
VIIL, 363, 366.

"O Captain, My Captain," Walt
Whitman, IX.,' 26, 254.

Oecoquan River, Va., L, 354.

"Ocean liner transport," VIIL, 45.

Ocean Pond, Fla., VIIL, 103.

Ocmulgee, U. S. S., VI., 316.

O'Connor, J., IX., 74.

O'Connor House, Charleston, S. C.,
VII., 161, 163.

Ocracokc Inlet. N. C., VI., 104.

Octorora, U. S. S., VI., 247.

"Ode," recited at the Harvard
Commemoration, J. R. Lowell,
IX., 256, 261,263, 266.

"Ode for Decoration Day," II .
Peterson, IX., 282.

"Ode at Magnolia Cemetery," H.
Timrod, IX., 274,277.

Officers Hospital, Nashville, Tenn.,
VII., 233.

Official secrets as revealed by
photographs, III., 145.

Ogeechee River, Ga.: III., 234;
VI., 121, 318.

Oglesby, R. J., II., 324; X., 201.

Oglethorpe, J. E., II., 347.

Oglcthorpe University, Ga., IX., 25.

Ohio: Department of, II., 296;
troops of, on battlefield at
Corinth, Miss., II., 153; Mor
gan's raid in, VIIL, 18; excess
quota asked for, VIIL, 74; re
sponse to first call by, VlIL, 74;
troops furnished by, VIIL, 249.

Ohio troops:

Artillery: First, L, 360, 366;
Second, L, 358; Seventh, III.,
318; Eleventh, V., 47; Eigh
teenth, II., 330; Twenty-first,
II., 348; Twenty-second, IL. 348.
Artillery, Lit/fit: First, at Chat
tanooga, Tenn., VIIL, 249.

Camlry: First, L, 358, .360;
III., 322; Second, IL, 336; Third,
IL, 326, 332, 344; III., 322;
Fourth, L, 358; IL, 326, 330, 332,
344, 348; III., 322; IV., 100;
Fifth, IL, 328; Sixth, IL, 336;
III., 340; IV., 57, 88; Seventh,
IL, 328, 332, 336, 346; Eighth,
III., 338, 342; Thirty-fourth,
IL, 342; III., 342.

Infantry: First, L, 348; VIIL,
194; Second, L, 348, 354; Third,
L, 348, 352; IL, 334; Fourth, L,
352, 354, 356, 364; Fifth, I., 356,
360, 366; IL, 328; Sixth, L, 352;
IL, 332; VII., 169; VIIL, 82;
Seventh, L, 356, 360, 366; II.,
328; Eighth, L, 352, 354, 356,
360, 364; III., 328; Ninth, L,
350, 356; III., 326; VIIL, 196;
Tenth, L, 350; Eleventh, IL,
322; Twelfth, I., 350; IL, 322;
III., 320, 332; Thirteenth, L,
350; Fourteenth, I., 348; Six
teenth, L, 348; Eighteenth, IL,
322; Nineteenth, L, 348; Twenti
eth, IL, 322; Twenty-third,
Company C, I., 362; III., 320;
Twenty-fourth, L, 352; Twenty-
fifth, L, 352, 354, 362, 366; IIL,
340; Twenty-sixth, IIL, 165;
Twenty-seventh, I., 358; IL,
328; Twenty-eighth, L, 350; IL,
346; Twenty-ninth, L, 360, 366;
Thirty-first, I., 368; Thirty-
second, L, 352, 354, 362, 366;
IL, 324; Thirty-third, L, 354;
Thirty-fourth, L, 352; IL, 322;
IIL, 320; Thirty-sixth, L, 364;
IIL, 320; Thirty-seventh, IL,
322; Thirty-ninth, L, 358; IL,
328; Fortieth, L, 358; IL, 332;
Forty-second, L, 358, 363;

Forty-third, L, 358; Forty-fourth,
L, 364; mounted infantry, IL,
332; Forty-fifth, mounted in
fantry, IL, 332, 336, 344;
Forty-seventh, L, 350; Forty-
ninth, losses, X., 154; Fifty-first,
IL, 326; Fifty-second, VIIL, 196;
Fifty-fifth, L, 366; Fifty-sixth,
IIL, 318; Fifty-eighth, L, 356;
VI., 316; Sixtieth, I., 366; IL,
324; Sixty-second, L, 360; Sixty-
third, L, 358; IL, 328; Sixty-
sixth, L, 366; IL, 328; Sixty-
seventh, I., 360; Sixty-ninth,
IL, 326; Seventy-first, II.,
322; Seventy-second, IIL, 270,
324; Seventy-third, I., 360;
Seventy-fifth, mounted infan
try, L, 302, 366; IIL, 328;
Seventy-sixth, L, 356; VI., 316;
Seventy-seventh, II., 352;
Seventy-eighth, IL, 322; Eighty-
first, IL, 153; Eighty-second, L,
362, 366; Eighty-seventh, IL,
324; Ninety-fifth, IL, 322; IIL,
270, 324; "One Hundred and
Second, III., 332, 338; One Hun
dred and Fifth, IL, 332; One Hun
dred and Sixth, IL, 326; One Hun
dred and Eighth. IL, 326; One
Hundred and Tenth. IL, 336; One
Hundred and Eleventh, IL, 346;
One Hundred and Sixteenth, II. ,
336; One Hundred and Twenty-
second, II., 336; One Hundred and
Twenty-third, IL, 336; One Hun
dred and Twenty-fourth, IL, 330;
One Hundred and Twenty-fifth,
IIL, 102, 117, 265; One Hundred
and Twenty-sixth, IL, 336; One
Hundred and Forty-fourth, IIL,
328; One Hundred and Forty-
ninth, IIL, 328; One Hundred
and Sixty-eighth, IIL, 324; One
Hundred and Seventy-first, IIL,
324.
Ohio River, supplies en route on,

VIIL, 34, 206.
Okolona, Ark., IL, 352.
Okolona, Miss.: II., 341, 350; IV.,

132.

Oladowski, H., V., 170.
O'Laughlin, M., VII., 205.

Old Armory of the Seventh Regi
ment, at Third Avenue, N. Y.,
crowds at, VIIL, 67.

"Old Capitol Prison," Washington,
D. C.: VII., 31, 38, 40, 54 seq., 67,
200; VIIL, 24, 282, 289.

Old Church, Va.: IIL, 322; IV., 85.

Old Church Hotel, Cold Harbor,
Va., IV., 245, 246.

Old Cold Harbor, Va., IV., 245.

"Old Folks at Home," S. C. Foster,

IX., 346.

"Old Ironsides," O. W. Hohr.es,
IX., 33.

Old Point Comfort, Va., I., 260.

Old River Lake, or Lake Chieot,
Ark., IIL, 322.

"Old Sorrel," horse of T. J. Jack
son, IV., 293, 306.

Old Town Creek, Miss., IIL, 307.

Olds, E. B., VII., 200.

O'Leary, C., quoted, VII., 308.

Olin, Judge, IX., 265, 266.

Oliver, J. M., X., 215.

Olmstead, C. H., heavy artillery
commanded by, L, 360.

Olmstead, G., I., 179.

Olmsted, F. L., VII., 330.

Olmstee, Fla.: IL, 350; VIIL, 103.

Olncy, H. B., VIIL, 167.

Olusiie, C. S. S., VI., 298.

"On a Great Warrior," H. Abbey,
IX., 108.

"On the Life Mask of Abraham
Lincoln," R. W. Gilder, IX., 250,
seq.

"On to Richmond," IX., 133.

' 'On to the Defense of Washing
ton," V., 92.

"On to Washington," V., 92.

"One Country," F. L. Stanton,
IX., 332.

"One I Left There," IX., 349.

O'Neal, E. A., X., 113.

"Oneida Company," cavalry, IV.,
195.

Oneida, U. S. S., I., 250; VI., 190,
198, 254.

Onondaaa, U. S. S.: VI., 131, 132,
13.3, 175, 261, 265; VII., 111.

Oostenaula River, Ga., IIL, 112.

Opdycke, E.: IIL, 262; X., 125, 235.

Opequon, Va.: III., 159; IV., 250;

Sixth Vermont at, VIIL, 65.
Opequon Creek, Va., IV., 244, 263.
Orange and Alexandria Railroad,
Manassas Station, Va.: L, 161
seq.; IL, 38 seq., 39, 41, 104; IV.,
90, 91; destruction of, at Bristol
Station, Va., IV., 99; IV., 184,
209; V., 32-34 seq.; machine shops
and yards of, V., 91: defense of
the, V., 227, 271, 275; a bridge on
line of, V., 279; debris from Jack
son's raid, V., 283; guarding of,
at Union Mills, Va., V., 283;
VIIL, 51, 204.
Orange Court House, Va.: III., 30;

IV., 104; V., 260.

Orange Plank Road, Wilderness,
Va.: IIL, 40, 41; view taken 1864,
VIIL, 177, 178.

Orations, IX., 112, 122, 290, 304.
Orchard Knob, Tenn.: IL, 300, 302,

318, 340.
Orchards, The, Va. (see also Oak

Grove, Va.), I., 366.
Ord, E. O. C.: II., 160, 324, 327;
IIL, 208, 294, 321; V., 208; with
family, X., 193, 232.
Order of American Knights, VII.,

204.

Ordinance of secession adopted by
South Carolina, L, 346; V., 256.
Ordnance, Confederate: V., 156;
supplies at beginning of war, V.,
156 seq. ; sources of supply, V.,
158; manufacture of, V., 162;
transportation of, V., 164; small
arms, 1861, V., 165; improve
ment in, V., 168; personnel of, V.,
170; equipment captured by Con
federates, VIIL, 128, 148; naval.
Dahlgren gun, perfecting of, VI.,
23; capture of, by Confederates,
VI., 26, 57, 73; manufacture of,
at the North, VI., 60; vessels
carry fewer guns, VI., 63; pro
cured by Confederacy abroad,
VI., 80; Parrott rifle (200
pounder), VI., 103, 259; used on
land, VI., 235, 237, 258, 265; on
light -draft gunboats, VI., 263;
Parrott rifle (100 pounder), VI.,
275.

Ordnance, United States: material
of, V., 22 seq.; stores, V., 120;
distribution of, V., 120; supplies,
V., 128; purchased abroad, V.,
128; efforts of States to increase,
V., 128; diversity of, V., 135;
Washington Arsenal, Washing
ton, D. C., Wiard Gun batteries
at, V., 135; expenditures for,
V., 140; outpost, V., 143; at
Broadway Landing, V., 143;
efficiency of officers, V., 144; ex
penditures, V., 146; at close of
war, V., 148; activities after close
of war, V., 154 seq.
Ordway, A., X., 213.
Ordway-Rand, collectors of photo
graphs, I., 52.
"O'Reilly, Miles," pen name of

C. G. Halpine, IX., 176.
Oreto, C. S. S., afterwards the

Florida, VI., 291, 292.
Organization and personnel of the
Medical Department of the Con
federacy, VII., 349 seq., Appen
dix D.
Organizations of the Veterans, X.,

287 seq.
"Orleans Battery," New York

Seventeenth Artillery, V., 45.
Orleans Cadets, Company A, of

Louisiana, L, 91c
O'Rorke, P. H.: IL, 253, 254; VIIL,

196.
Osaoe, U. S. S.: II., 352; VI., 147,

276, 322.

Osborn, F. S., V., 117.
Osceola, U. S. S., IIL, 342.
Osgood, K. P., IX., 236, 239.
Oxliaba (Russian frigate),VL, 27, 29.
Ossabaw Sound, Ga.: VI., 241, 320;

IX., 169.

Ossipee, U. S. S., VI., 247, 252, 254.
Osterhaus, P. J.: IL, 318, 334; X.,

191, 220, 222.
Otis, F. N., VII., 224.
Otis, H. G., X., 21, 24.
Otseao, U. S. S., VI., 276, 322.
Ottawa, U. S. S.: IL, 330; VI., 312.
Otter Creek near Liberty, Va., III.,

324.
Oudenarde, losses at, X., 140.

[345]

01 LD

Ould. H.: VII., II: Confederate
agent for exchange of prisoners,
VIL, 101 ««•-/., KM, 10.\ 110 «••<!.,
112. 166, 172.

"Outcasts of P«»ker Flat," F. B.
Harte, K., 35.

Outposts: or picket duty in Federal
armies, IV., ISO, 188; in military
operations, importance of. IV.,
186; an instance of the bravery
of a Union officer on, IV., 190, 111-'.

Ovens on wheels, VIII., 4».

"Over their Graves," H. J. Stoek-
ard, IX., 276.

Orerland Monthly, IX., 35.

Overton Hill, Nashville, Tenn.,
HL, 270.

Owascn, U. S. S.: IL, 330; VI., 190.

Owens, J. T.. X., 291.

Owl, C. S. S.. VL, 291.

Oxen Run, Md., V., 98.

Oxford, Miss.: court house at, II.,
1H3; Illinois regiment guarding
prisoners, II., 183; courthouse at,
II., 183; III., 330.

Ozark, U. S. S.. VI., 141.

Paducah, Kv.: L, 177. 181, 197;
II, :i.')l>; VL, 310; X., 44.

Page, H.. IV., 313.

Pane, R. I-.: III., 31!»; VL, 244, 258;
X., 321.

Page. T.J.. VI., 295. 299.

Pain.-, C. J., X., '413

Paine. H. E.: L, 217; II., 13<i; VIII.,
297; X., 30».

Painter. Sergeant, IV., 215.

Paintsville.Ky.:L,lSO,35(i;II.,352.

routine, V. S. S., IL, 162, 163.

Palfrey, F. W.. X., 23.

Palfrey. .1. C.. X., 215.

Palmer, "Ben," IV., 166.

Palmer. D.. VIII., 363.

Palmer, I. N.: III., 344; IV., 15.

Palmer, J., X., 296.

Palmer, J. H.. X., 299.

Palmer. J. M.: IL, 174, 324; III.,
105, 110; X., 189, 220, 294.

Palmer, J. S., VL, 314.

Palmer, J. W.. IX., 24. 86.

Palmer, W. .!.. III., 344.

" Palmetto Sharpshooters," losses
at Glendale, Va., X., 158.

Palmetto State, C. 8. S.: II., 330;
VL, 124, 172, 239, 272, 318.

Palo Alto, Miss., IV., 132.

Pamlico Sound, N. C., VI., 115, 263.

Pumunkey, Va., L, 317.

Pamunkey River, Va.: L, 274; The
White House on the, L, 275, 2X2,
324; IIL, 78; IV., 127, 203; VL,
59; scouts of Army of the Po
tomac, VIIL, 207.

Paiicoast, G. I... VIL, 226.

Panther Gap, VV. Va., IIL, 322.

Paris, Count do: L, 115, 117; with
Gen'l Meridian, I., 257; IL, 82;
IV., 32, 222, 257, 272.

Parke, J. G.: at battle of Fort
Macon, N. ('., I., 362; command
ing the Ninth Corps at siege of
Petersburg, Va., III., 2X2; battle
of April 2d, III., 294; seizes Con
federate entrenchments, III., 334;
recaptures Fort Stedman, VIII.,
357, 368; the Fifth Rhode Island
under, IX., 71; X., 185, 208.

Parker, K. S.: I., 81; VIL, 254; IX.,
113; X., 47, 49.

Parker, J., VIL, 318.

Parker, W. H., VL, 90, 156.

Parker, W. V., VL, 175.

Parker'sCross Roads, Tenn., II., 328.

Park*. U. S. S., VL, 57.

Parrott, E. G., VI., 265, 314.

Parrott, Mosby Ranger, IV., 16fi.

Parrott guns: V., 22 se.q., 23; 20-
poundcr, V., 38, 58.

Parsons, H. C., IV., 230.

Parsons, L. H., X., 217.

Parsons, M. M.: IL, 352; X., 27».

Parsons' Texas Rangers, Confed-

. erate, IL, 320.

Parsons' Virginia battery, L, 119.

Partington, Miss Sallie, IX., 346.

"Partisan rangers" of Confeder
acy, IV., 165-180.

Pasquotank River, N. C., VL, 312.

PaxKfiic, V. S. H., L, 24; IL, 332;
VL, 12S. 130; IX., 336.

Passes, chemically prepared for the
army, VIII., 19.

[«D ED.]

INDEX

Pjistimcs of officers ami men, VIIL,
241 **4*J

Potepico, U. S. S.: IL, 332; VL, 128,
179, 276, 322; IX., 336.

Patrick, M. R., VIIL, 279; X., 49.

Patrick Henry, C. S. S.: sunk in
channel of the James River in
Virginia. I., 109; V., 313; VL, 90,
146, 162. 168. 174.

Patriot Publishing Co., Spring
field. Mass.: L, 8, IS; IL, 8.

Patriotism, Spirit of, ^X., 12X.

Patterson. .!. N., X., 219.

Patterson, R.: L, 140, 146 seq., 150
seq., 152. .

Patterson Creek, Va., L, 34S.

Patterson Creek, W. Va., IV., 108.

Pattersonville, La., IL, 332.

Patton, E. E.. X., 2.

Paul, G. R., X., 217.

Paul Jones, U. S. S.. VL, 121, 316.

Paulding, L., L, 223.

Pawner, V. S. S.: L, 348; VL, 23, 48,
91, 93, 94, 96,97, 99, 100.269,308.

Pawtucket, R. I.: First Rhode
Island recruited at, VIIL, 60.

Pawtucket, U. S. S., IIL, 342.

Paxton, E. F.: IL, 334; X., 151.

Pay, rations, and equipment of
Southern soldier, VllL, 114.

Payne, L.: VIL, 205; VIIL, 278.

Payne, Ixjwis or Powell: hanged for
conspiring to kill President Lin
coln, VIL, 211.

Payne, W. H.: IV., 112; X., 321.

Pea Ridge, Ark. (see alsoSugar Creek,
Ark.): L, 358,365; losses at, X., 142.

Peabody. G., X., 4.

Peace Society of New York (see
New York Peace Society), L, 18.

Peach Orchard, Gettysburg, Pa.,
L, 70; V., 40.

Peach Orchard, Va.: L, 332, 366;
losses at, X., 142.

Peach Tree Creek, Ga.: IIL, 125,
127, 130, 326; V., 50.

Peach Tree Street, Atlanta, Ga.,
fort at, L, 56.

Pearce, J. S., VL, 193.

Pearee, N. B., VIIL, 103.

Pease Captain, I., 297.

Peck, J. J.: IL, 328, 330; X., 225.

Peck, T. S., X., 2, 25.

Peck, W. R., X., 273.

Peeble's Farm Signal Tower, Peters
burg, Va., VIIL, 331.

Peerless, U. S. S., VL, 270.

Peet, F. T., X., 2.

Pegram, J.: IL, 332; IIL, 318, 342;
X., 147.

Pegram, J. C., L, 348.

Pegram, R. B., VL, 89, 310.

Pelet-Narbonne, Lt.-Gen., quoted,
IV., 16.

Pelham, J.: IX., 81, 83; death of,
IX., 83, 85.

" Pelham," J. R. Randall, IX., 82.

" Pelican Rifles," Baton Rouge, La.,
X., 239.

Pelot, J. P., VL, 320.

Pemberton, J. C.: L, 124; IL, 184,
188, 189; river-battery of, IL,
193, 198, 203, 216, 218, 226, 261,
326, 32S, 334; IIL, 21; IV., 133;
V., 46, 205; X., 249, 272, 274.

Prmhina. V. S. S., VL, 312.

Pender, W. D. : IL, 334 ; X., 145, 276,
278.

Pendergast, A., VL, 164, 166, 320.

Pendergast, G. J., VL, 116.

Pendleton, A. S., X., 103.

Pendleton, E., L, 287.

Pendleton, W. N.: L, 308; IL, 324,
328; V.,59.

Peninsula campaign: L, 115, 252,
2,54 seq., 285, 297, 299, 307; IL,
20, 27, 40, 66, 284, 2X5, 287, 310;
IV., 220 seq., 324; V., 26 seq., 27,
28 seq., 32, 198; fortifications,
effectiveness in, V., 202, 306, 312;
VIL, 219, 261; VIIL, 63, 158,
236, 317, 322; IX., 79, 133, 144,
157, 313; X., 106.

Pennell, C., VL, 113.

Pennington, A. C. M., L, 287.

Pennington's battery, IL, 324.

Pennock, A. M., VL, 213.

Pennsylvania: invasion of, IL, 240;
ivads in, VIIL, ,';, , ; exceeds quota
asked for. VIIL, 74; uniform of
troops, VIIL, 78; troops fur
nished in Civil War, VIIL, 225;
contribution of troops, VIIL,
225: monuments to its dead at
Vicksburg, X., 99.

Pennsylvania troops:

Artillery, //air//: Second, IIL,
336; X., 99; Fifth. IX.. 263, 205.
Artillery, Liaht: First, Battery B,
L, 22, 32, 350, 364; McCarthy's
battery, Company C' of, L, 291;
III., 176, 178; Cooper's battery,
V, 47; Third, IL, 348; Battery
E, V., 35.

Cncnlry: First, L, 354, 350; IL,
336; Second, IV., 57: Third, L,
339: officers of, L, 341; IL, 320,
330;III.,340;IV.,183,229.sv,y.,239;
Fourth, L, 831, 341; II., 336; IV.,
57 229 xeq.; Fifth, IIL, 3 IX: IV.,
253; Sixth, IL, 336; IV., 25 seq.,
47, 56, 74 xeq., 80, 228; Dragoons,
IV., 244; Seventh,!., 368; II., 326;
IV., 47, .'.7: IX., 61. 03; Eighth,
IL, US; Ninth, L, 368; II., 32S,
330, 332, 336; Eleventh, II., 336;
III., 318; Thirteenth, IL, 330;
IIL, 332, 340; IV., 57; Four
teenth, IL, 342, 346; Sixteenth,
IV., 57; Seventeenth, II. , 336;
IV., 118; Eighteenth, IV., 54;
Twenty-first, IV., 57.

Infantry: First, L, 348, 350,
366: Rifles, L, 360: IL, 342; VIL,
169; Second, IL, 330; Third. IL,
332, 336; VIL, 169; Fourth,
IL, 332, 342; VIL, 169: Fifth,
IL, 330; Sixth, L, 356; VIIL, 82;
Seventh, L, 302; Eighth, IL,
324; VIL, 169; losses, X., 154;
Ninth, L, 350; Tenth, L, 331,
356; losses, X., 154; Eleventh,
L, 348; VIL, 274; losses, X., 154;
Twelfth, L, 350; IL, 330; Thir
teenth, IL, 330: losses, X., 154;
Fourteenth, IIL, 32S; Sixteenth,
IL, 332, 342; VIL, 169; Eigh
teenth, IV., 232; Nineteenth,
IIL, 324; Twenty-seventh, L,
348, 366; Twenty-eighth, L, 352;
V., 35; VIL, ' 181; X., 124;
Twenty-ninth, L, 364; VIL, 181;
Thirty-first, camp of, VIIL, 83;
Forty-fifth, L, 300; Forty-sixth,
IL, 25; Forty-seventh, IL, 320;
Forty-eighth," IIL, 195, 2(;0: V.,
246; Forty-ninth. IL, 346; losses,
X., 154; Fiftieth, L, 355; Fifty-
first, L, 356, 358, 362; Fifty-
fifth, IL, 326; Sixty-second, L,
364; Sixty-third, V., 35; IX., 59:
losses, X., 154; Sixty-seventh,
IL, 336; Sixty-ninth, IX., 217;
Seventy-first, L, 352; at Gettys
burg, IL, 205; Seventy-second at
Gettysburg, IL, 205; Seventy-
sixth, IL, 320; Seventy-eighth,
IL, 326; Eighty-first, losses, X.,
152; Eighty-third, L, 304; losses,
X., 154; Eighty-fourth, L, 360,
366; Eighty-seventh, IL, 336;
Ninety-fifth, L, 302; Ninety-
sixth, drilling at Camp North
umberland, near Washington, D.
C., I., 168, 362; Ninety-seventh,
L, 360; Ninety-ninth, IIL, 332;
VIIL, 319; One Hundredth, L,
364, 300; One Hundred and Third,
IL, 352; One Hundred and
Fourth, L, 290; One Hundred and
Fifth, IX., 59; One Hundred and
Sixth, II., 61; at Gettysburg, II.,
205; One Hundred and Tenth, L,
360, 300; II., 340; One Hundred
and Eleventh, VIL, 181; One
Hundred and Fourteenth, camp at
Brandy Station, Va., VIIL, 224,
225; One Hundred and Fifteenth,
IL, 344; One Hundred and Six
teenth, IL, 92, 93; One Hundred
and Nineteenth, II., 346; One
Hundred and Fortieth, losses, X.,
154; One Hundred and Forty-first,
losses, X., 152, 154; One Hundred
and Forty-second, losses, X., 154;
One Hundred and Forty-fifth,
losses, X., 154; One Hundred and
Forty-eighth, losses, X., 154; One
Hundred and Fiftieth, II., 103;< )ne
Hundred and Fifty-first, X., 124;
Two Hundred and Ninth, IIL, 338.

Pennsylvania, V. S. S., VL, 54.

Pennypacker. G., X., 291.

Penrose, W. H., X., 125.

Pensacola, Fla.: L, 86, 91. 352;
IL, 351; IIL, 221; guns in, V., 57;
Confederate water battery at, V.,
57, 59; harbor at, VL, 17| 19, 24,
34, 51, 73, 116, 120, 247; navy-
yard at, VL, 2(58, 308, 310, 314;

PETERSBURG

VIL, 264; VIIL, 70; harbor at,
VIIL, 106; Barbour sand-bat-
tcriesut, VIII.,121; fortifications
at, IX., 163, 244.

Pfiimcola, V. S. S.: I., 227; VL, 48,
55, 1X7, 190.

Pensacola Bay, Fla., L, 4, 87, 347.

Perkins, H. W., X., 160.

"Perote Guards " (see also New Or
leans, La.), V., 165.

Perrin, A.: IIL, 70, 320; X., 155.

Perry, E. A., X., 127.

Perry, M., VL, 45.

Perry, M. S., L, 4.

Perry, W. F., X., 255.

Perry, U.S. S., VL, 122.

Perry ville, Ivy.: IL, 160, 169, 326;
IV., 203; losses at, X., 142, 158.

"Personal Memoirs," I . S. Grant,
IX., Ill), 290.

Personnel of the Medical .Depart
ment of the Federal Army, VIL,
346, Appendix B.

Persons, A. W., VIL, 76.

Pt'tirhoff, C. S. S., VL, 309, 320.

Peters, midshipman, C.S.N.,VIL,123.

Peters, N., VIIL, 237.

Petersburg, Va.: L, 32, 34, 43; the
investment of, L, 120; campaign,
L, 2X5; IIL, 17, 20, 47, 111, 119,
120, 123, 124, 127, 132, 133, 135,
146, 160, 175; investment of, IIL,
175-208; 178, 180, 182, 183, 1X4,
188; digging entrenchments at,
IIL, 189; Southern entrench
ments around, defy the Union
army, IIL, 192; siege of, IIL,
194, 196; Confederate fortifica
tions around, IIL, 203, 204;
fortifications at, most remarkable
in the whole world. IIL, 207;
siege and fall of, IIL, 271-294;
Union forces in trenches before,
IIL, 272, 273, 274; Bolingbroke
Street in, IIL, 275,276, 2X0; mole
hill ramparts near the crater, IIL,
281, 2X2, 283, 2X4, 2X8, 292; the
bombardment of, IIL, 294, 296,
298, 300; courthouse in, IIL, 301,
303, 304, 305, 309, 311, 320, 321,
322, 324, 326, 328, 330, 335, 337.
340; fall of, III., 344; trenches at,
IIL, 344: IV., 38, 104, 108, 128,
252, 253, 25X; ' 'About Faced " Re
doubt, V., 49; Mortar "Dictator"
in, V., 51; heavy artillery on the
way to, V., 52, 54, 62, 182; mine,
V.,' 180, 1X4; Confederate abatis
at, V., 193; entrenchments at,
value of, to Confederates, V., 214,
216; Confederate fortifications in
defense of ,V., 217; Fort Sedgwick,
V., 217, 239, 246, 248; attempts
of Confederate engineers to
locate Union mines at, V., 262,
264, 296, 320; VL, 317; Castle
Thunder Prison at, VIL, 87, 89,
101; surgeons of Ninth Corps at,
VIL, 221; supplies sent to armies
investing, VIL, 227; Confederate
camp in front of, used as hospital,
VII. ,229; headquarters, Chief of
Ambulance, VIL, 281, 307; VIIL,
16; field forge at, VIII. ,41; build
ing winter quarters at, VIIL, 41 ;
field wheelwrights at, VIIL, 41;
weighing bread for the Union
army, VIIL, 49; government
overi on wheels, VIIL, 49; Sixth
Vermont at, VIIL, 65, 73, 103,
135, 130; O. B. Wilcox's head
quarters, VIIL, 243; New York
Thirteenth Artillery at, VIIL,
243, 252; bomb proofs at, VIIL,
253; fall of, VIIL, 254; church
built by New York Fiftieth En
gineers! VIIL, 257; hanging of
Confederate spy at, VIIL, 303;
Cobb's Hill Tower, VIIL, 310;
Peeble's Farm Signal Tower,
VIIL, 331; Signal Tower, New-
York Fourteenth Heavy-Artillery,
VIIL, 331, 330; fall of. VIIL,
338, 351; telegraph battery
wagon, VIIL, 353: headquarters
field telegraph, VIIL, 355; tele
graph operators at, VIIL, 357;
telegraph office in trenches be
fore, VIIL, 365, 367, 308; siege
of, IX., 155; crater. IX., 175;
capture of, IX., 191 ; bullets found
after battle, IX., 203; captured,
IX., 243; ruins in, IX., 308, 352.
Petersburg and City Point Rail
road, Va., V., 51.

[346]

PETERSON

INDEX

PRISONERS

Peterson, H.: quoted, IX., 28, 282,
2S5.

Petrel, ship, VI., 122.

Petrel, U. S. S.: VI., 82 (see also
Aiken) ; VI., 208, 268, 310, 320.

Pettigrew, J. J.: I., 3(14; II., 153,
262, 342.

Pettigrew, M. L., VIL, 296.

Pettit, R. D., L, 2SO.

Pettit, Miss Yera, X., 2.

Pettit's battery, I., 280.

Pettus, E. W.,'X., 253.

Pequio, J., VIII., 149.

Peqifjt, U. S. S., III., 342.

Phelps, J. E., of Arkansas, X., 195.

Phelps, J. Klisha.of Kansas, X., 217.

Phelps, J. S., X., 292.

Phelps, J. W., VI., 312; X., 307.

Phelps, S. L.: L, 221; VI., 150, 220,
232, 312, 316.

Phelps, T. S., VI., 95.

Phenix, L., VI., 127.

Philadelphia, Pa.: II., 61; news
papers during the war, VIII., 33;
brigade, survivors of, K., 34;
Landis' battery at, IX., 37; bri
gade of, meeting with General
Pickett's men at Gettysbu g, in
1867, X., 138.

Philadelphia, Tenn., II., 344.

Phila-Mphia, U. S. S., VI., 93, 30;.

Philippi, W. Va., I., 348.

Phillips House, Va.: II., 100; ruins
of, 101.

Phil: Parsons, C. S. S., VIIL, 29S.

Philoinont, Va., II., 326.

"Photographer and Soldier," VIIL,

14 si'q.

Photographic History of the Civil
War: the Contributors to, I., 7; X.,
28; only complete pictorial record
of a war, I., 30; gives records
and facts as well, L, 106; II., 1;
difficulties in obtaining some of
the photographs for the, III.,
170; within Confederate lines,
VIIL, 105; illustrated, VIIL, 108.

Photographing the Civil War: the
benefits to the historian, I., 14, 30
Ki-q., 30-54; photographers with
the army. L, 33; Brady's Head
quarters," L, 39, 48; during
Civil War, favorable comparison
of, with present methods, L, 43,
45 seq.; difficulties of, quoted,
L, 48; the Civil War, artistic
skill displayed in, L, 54, 58, 59;
as a record, L, 60-87; in field,
V., 195; the soldiers, 1861-65,
VIIL, 14, 15; photographers who
followed the army, VIIL, 25;
method used in spying by Lytel,
VIIL, 297.

Photographs: perilous photography
at the front, I., 26; important fac
tors in giving vivid and graphic
descriptions of the Civil War, I.,
30-54.<pQ. ; how made,!., 46; sold to
government, L, 52; how collected
and difficulties encountered, L,
52; past history made present, bv
Civil War pictures, L, 60, 64,
66; the most daring, taken during
Civil War, L, 100; discovery and
collection of, VIIL, 105; their use
in the spy service, VIIL, 297.

Pic-kens, Fort, Fla., I., 4, 86, 347
seq., 354.

Pickens, U. S. S., VI., 82.

Pickering, C. W., VI., 309.

Pickering, T., VI., 109.

"Picket Guard, The" (All Quiet
Along the Potomac), E. L. Beers,
IX., 142.

Pickets: Federal Cavalry, IV., 190;
Confederate, at Stono Inlet, S. C.;
VIIL, 131; in Union army, VIIL,
215; duty of, IX., 143; on winter
duty, IX., 149; communication
between, X. 134.

Pickett, G. E.: L, 73; II., 256, 258,
259, 261 seq., 262 seq.. 348; III.,
84, 306, 322, 344; IV., 29, 236,
301; V., 37, 61, 74; charge of, at
Gettysburg, Pa., V., 40; charge,
at Gettysburg, IX., 22, 34, 215,
217; X., 68, 138,282.

Pickett, U. S. S., I., 356.

Piedmont, W. Va., III., 322.

Pierce, B. R.: III., 76; X., 215.

Pierce, F., IX., 288.

Pierce, signal officer, receiving sig
nals .it Elk Mountain, Md., VIIL,
320, 321.

Pierrepont, E., VIL, 196.

[2o ED.]

Pierson, S., VIL, 181.

Pierson, W. S., VIL, 64, 69.

Pigeon Mountain, Tenn., II., 270.

Pike, A.: VIL, 254; IX., 163, 164;
X., 257.

Piketown, Ky., L, 354.

Pillow, G. J.: L, 184, 190 seq., 192;
VIL, 40, 98; X., 299.

Pillow, Fort, Tenn. (see also Fort
Pillow, Tenn.), I., 187, 215, 221,
236, 237, 238, 240, 249; VI., 85.

Pilot Knob, Mo.: II., 169; III., 332.

Pinckney, C., IX., 319, 321.

Pinckney Castle, L, 89.

Pine Bluff, Ark.: II., 346; III., 342.

Pine Mountain, Ga., where Gen'l
Leonidas Polk was killed, III.,
115, 322.

Piney Woods, La., II., 350.

Pinkerton, A.: L, 40; II., 77; VIL,
31; VIIL, 17, 19, 23, 262, 263,
267, 269, 271.

Pinkerton, W. A.: VIIL, 17, 23;
on Brady, quoted, VIII., 17.

Pinkerton's Secret Service: during
the Civil War, VIIL, 4.

Pinola, U. S. S.: L, 232; VI., 190,
196

Pioneer, V. S. S., L, 356.

Piper, Count, Swedish minister,
VI., 25.

Pistols, V., 144, 170.

Pittsburg Landing, Shiloh, Tenn. :
L, 95, 194, 195, 198 seq., 200, 203
seq., 358, 360; II., 142; V., 44,
204; VI., 216; Confederate bat
tery at, VI., 312; IX., 95.

Pittsburgh, U. S. S.: L, 187, 217,
222, 224, 356, 362; VI., 148, 214,
216, 218.

Plains of Abraham, Quebec, L, 12.

Plank Road, Va., V., 320.

Planter, C. S. S., VI., 314.

Planter, U. S. S., VII., 227.

Plaquemine, La., I., 363.

Pleasant Hill, La.: II., 352; VI., 227.

Pleasant Valley, Md., IX., 161.

Pleasant's Virginia battery, Con
federate, L, 360.

Pleasants, H., III., 195; V., 246.

Pleasonton, A.: II., 116, 324, 326,
336, 340; IV., 16, 24, 31, 75, 80,
84, 226, 228, 230, 231, 237, 243,
262, 275, 299 seq.; V., 37; VIL,
169; headquarters at Auburn,
VIIL, 235, 319, 361; IX., 58, 61,
65; X., 238.

Plevna, losses at, X., 140.

Plue, D., VIIL, 281.

Plum, W. R., quoted, VIIL, 360.

Plum Point, Tenn., L, 362.

Plummer, J. B., L, 362.

Plymouth, N. C.: II., 352; III., 33S;
VI., 320, 322.

Plymouth, U. S. S., VI., 54, 142.

Po River, Va., III., 56.

Poague, W. T., V., 73; IX., 85.

Pocohontas, U. S. S., VI., 93.

Pocotaligo, S. C., II., 326.

Poe, E. A., IX., 19.

Poe, O. M.: L, 33, 42; III., 222; V.,
195, 231, 254; VIIL, 25.

Pohick Church, Va., I., 354.

Pohle, C. R. M., VIIL, 109.

Poindexter, J. A., II., 320.

Poinsett, J. R., "Poinsett Tactics,"
IV., 60.

Pointe Coupee, La., IX., 19.

Point Lookout Prison, Md.: III.,
350 seq.; VIL, 44, 56 seq., 63 seq.;
staff at, VIL, 63, 70, 124; Con
federate prisoners at, VIL, 125;
IX., 25.

Point of Rocks, Md.: L, 350; IV.,
76, 77; V., 80; VI., 89, 265; sig
nal station at, VIIL, 319: sig
nal offices at, VIIL, 319; signal
tower, VIIL, 331.

Point Pleasant, Mo., I., 217, 220.

Poison Springs, Ark., II., 352.

Policy of arbitrary arrests, VIL, 198.

Polignac, C. J., X., 317.

Political influences: as affecting
military operations, L, 118.

Political prisoners, VIIL, 270.

Polk, J. K., tomb of, IX., 285.

Polk, L.: I., 196, 200, 208, 218, 360;
II., 170, 276, 278 seq., 348; III.,
108, 111, 112, 115, 118, 320; V.,
48; VIL, 100; VIIL, 110, 115; X.,
143, 247, 264.

Polk, L. E., X., 257.

Pond, G. E., III., 148.

Pond's Partisan Rangers, Confed
erate, II., 320.

Pontchcirtrain, C. S. S. : L, 366; VI.,
218.

Pontoon boats: II., 87; canvas, V.,
235.

Pontoon bridges: at Berlin, Md.,
II., 56; III., 37; IV., 205; V., 235;
at Decatur, Ala., VIIL, 207; offi
cers' quarters, VIIL, 207; pontoon
bridge, VIIL, 207.

Pontoosuc, U. S. S., III., 342.

Poolesville, Md., III., 159 seq.

Poor, C. H., VI., 116.

"Poor Old Slave," poem, IX., 351.

Pope, John: L, 217, 219, 220, 222,
236, 243, 358, 360: II., 9, 13 seq.;
headquarters of, II., 15, 18, 20
seq., 26, 28, 32, 34, 38 seq.; 43, 46,
48, 50, 53, 54, 139, 144, 320, 322;
IV., 34; army of, IV., 67, 89, 90,
193; V., 27, 32 seq., 34, 36, 104,
200, 202, 283, 286, 288; VI., 189,
216, 218, 268; VIL, 106, 219;
VIIL, 18, 128, 201, 228, 240; IX.,
75; X., 173, 176.

Pope, V., III., 39.

Poplar Springs Church, Va., III.,
332.

Population of Northern States in
1860, VIIL, 58.

Porcher, F. P., VIL, 250.

Pork-packing by Confederate gov
ernment at Richmond, Va., VIIL,
54.

Port. Gibson, Miss.: II., 189, 214,
216, 334, 340.

Port Hudson, La.: L, 365; II., 9;
Confederate fortifications at, II.,
179; River Banks at, II., 179 seq.,
1S8; Confederate fortifications,
II., 210; Confederate siege guns
at, II., 211; Confederate fortifica
tions at, II., 213; parapet at, II.,
213; "The Citadel," II., 215;
battered guns at, II., 217; Bain-
bridge's batteries at, II., 217;
Duryea's batteries at, II., 217;
Federal battery No. 10 at, II.,
219; Federal navy, assistance of,
at, II., 219, 226", 332; siege of,
II., 336, 340; campaign of, IV.,
135; VI., 38, 114, 217, 226, 318;
VIL, 112, 114, 118; expeditions,
of, VIL, 263.

Port Republic, Va.: I., 310, 366; IV.,
104.

Port Royal, S. C.: I., 354, 355; cap
ture of Confederate forts at, L,
357; II., 329; expedition, II., 329;
III., 224; on Rappahannock, IV.,
203; expeditionary corps, V., 110,
145; VI., 22, 75, 112, 115, 117,
120, 125, 168, 270, 295; entrance
to, VI., 310.

Port Royal, Va., evacuation of, IV.,
205.

Port Royal, U.S. S. : I., 364; VI., 314.

Port Royal Islands, S. C., IX., 352.

Porter,A.:I.,157;VIII.,271;X.,303.

Porter, D., I., 183.

Porter, D. D. : I., 25, 77, 183, 223,
226 seq., 228, 362; river fleet of,
L, 74, 362: II., 188, 190 seq., 200;
II., 206, 332, 334, 348, 350;
III., 340, 342; Red River fleet of,
IV., 139; V., 267, 269, 313; VI.,
37, 64, 68, 81, 114, 116, 120, 141,
148, 175, 181, 184, 195, 201, 206,
207, 209, 210, 226, 227, 234. 240,
314, 317, 318, 322; staff of, VI.,
257; VIIL, 330.

Porter, Mrs. Felicia Grundy: Presi
dent Women's Relief Society of
the Confederate States, VIL, 247,
296.

Porter, Fit z - John : headquarters
of, I., 29, 51 seq., 162, 281,
314, 320, 321, 324, 326, 335;
II., 46, 50, 68, 322. 324; and staff,
IV., 221, 222; V., 35, 38; VIIL,
356; X., 183, 198.

Porter, H.: III., 81; VIIL, 185, 226,
235; IX., 112, 113, 115, 182; X.,
19, 49.

Porter, J. C., II., 320.

Porter, J. L., VI., 140, 144, 154, 155.

Porter, W. D.: L, 74 seq., 77, 78 seq.,
94, 183m?.; II., 198; VI., 226, 316.

Porter's independent forces, Con
federate, II., 320.

Porterfield, J., Confederate agent,
VIIL, 300.

Portland, Me., L, 88.

Portsmouth, Va., L, 364.

Portsmouth, U. S. S., VI., 183, 190.

Posev, C., X., 153.

Post, P. S., X., 201.

Post office of the Army of the Poto
mac, VIIL, 33, 35. '

Posts, G. A. R., origin of, X., 290.

Potato-digging by Grant's men,
VIIL, 198-199.

Potosi, Mo., L, 350.

Potomac, The Army of the (see also
Army of the Potomac), I., 282.

Potomac Creek, Va.: bridge over,
V., 272; VIL, 41.

Potomac River: L, 62; in Virginia,
II., 19, 56; in Maryland and
Virginia, II., 229; view of, from
Berlin Heights, II., 266; Meade's
army crossing at Berlin, II., 267;
V., 80, 258; VI., 39, 92; flotilla
and batteries, VI., 94, 95; U. S.
flotilla, VI., 314; VIL, 31; New
York Ferry at, VIIL, 39, 74;
New York Seventh crossing,
VIIL, 76, 84, 282.

Potter, C. H., IX., 59.

Potter, E. E., X., 225.

Potter, J. H., X., 219.

Potter, R. B.: III., 90; X., 225.

Potter's House, Atlanta, Ga., III.,
127.

Potthoft, private, VIIL, 125.

Potts, surgeon, VIL, 222.

Potts, B., X., 233.

"Pound Cake Regiment," X., 121.

Pound Gap, Tenn., I., 358.

Powder Springs, Ga., III., 322.

Powell, L., alias "Payne," hanged
for conspiracy to kill President
Lincoln, VII.,' 211.

Powell, W. H., III., 338.

Powell, W. L., VI., 154.

Powhatan, U. S. S.: III., 340; VI.,
116, 184, 308.

Powhatan Point, Va., V., 239.

Powhite Creek, Va., I., 326.

Poydras College, La., IX., 19, 158.

Prairie D'Ann, Ark., II., 352.

Prairie du Chien, Wis.: First regi
ment of, en route to Washington,
D. C., VIIL, 79.

Prairie Grove, Ark.: II., 326; losses
at, X., 142.

Prague, losses at, X., 140.

"Pray On," C. P. Ware, IX., 352.

' 'Prayer of Twenty Millions, The,"
Greeley's famous letter, II., 31.

Preble, G. H.. VI., 190.

Prentiss, B. M.: L, 194, 200, 202,
204, 305, 360, 365; II., 340, 343;
IX., 95; X., 201.

Preston, J. S., X., 285,

Preston, J. T. L., IX., 132.

Preston, Margaret J.: IX., 230, 231.

Preston, S. Vi., VI., 127, 259.

Preston, W., II., 286; X., 267.

Preston, signal officer, VIL, 153.

"Pride of Battery B, The," F. H.
Gassaway, IX., 189, 196, 199, 201.

Price, S.: L, 118, 209, 353; II., 143
seq., 152, 212, 324, 340, 342, 344,
346, 350, 352 seq.; III., 128, 324,
328, 330, 332, 338; VI., 221; X.,
251, 276.

Prince Street Hospital, Alexandria,
Va., VIIL, 235.

Princeton, W. Ya., L, 364.

Princeton, U. S. S., VI., 135.

Prisoners: guarding the, I., 165;
Confederate, II., 351 seq. ; treat
ment of, during the Civil War, an
advance over previous methods,
VIL, 14, 16; of the war, VIL,
19-52; paroling of, and object,
VIL, 26; paroling of, and condi
tions of parole, VIL, 26, 28, 30;
exchanges of, authorized after
the battle of Bull Run, etc., VIL,
32; of the war, laws in regard to,
VIL, 32, 34; Confederate, treat
ment of, in Northern prisons,
VIL, 35; several estimates of the
number of, captured during the
war, VIL, 43, 50, 52; increased
numbers of, created demand for
more prisons, VIL, 43, 44; treat
ment of, according to rules and
regulations of the respective de
partments of war, VIL, 46, 48;
of the North and South, their
lives, accommodations, etc., com
pared, VIL, 48, 50; Confederate,
captured in Civil War, VIL, 50;
Union, captured in Civil War,
VIL, 50; "dilapidated" Union,
VIL, 51; of the war, VIL, 54;
number of, confined in Libby
Prison during the war, VIL, 57;

[347]

PRISONERS

INDEX

RED RIVER

Priwners — Continued.

commissary-general of, his duties
and orders, VII., S3; exchange of,
VII., 97-122; exchange of, what
is meant by this term, VII., 98;
first formal exchange of, VII., 98;
Confederate, on way to Cox's
landing, Va., VII., 99; Con
federate agent for the exchange
of, VII., 101 ; exchange equivalent
of, determined by rank, VII.,
109; in Georgia, VII., 122; in
South Carolina, VII., 122; mean
ing of term wealth in connection
with. VII., 120, 129; the life of,
and the distribution of rations an
exciting event, VII., 131; of the
war, passion for gambling among,
VII.. 131, 132, 134; of the war
who escaped by eluding the
sentry, VII., 149; treatment of,
VII., 1.53-186; cost of caring for, a
drain upon the resources of the
North and South, VII., 157; of
the Civil War and their treat
ment, three distinct periods in
regard to, VII., 160. 101, 102 srq.;
stories of placing of, under the
fire of their own butteries, VII.,
105, 176; increased numbers of,
during 1863, a drain upon re
sources of the North, VII., 100;
on both sides received supplies
from the outside (1S64), VII.,
172; of the North and South com
pared as regards supplies, cloth
ing, shelter, health conditions,
etc., VII., 180-186; Iowa veterans
at Libby Prison, VIII., 251; polit
ical. VIII., 270.

Prisons: VIL, 19 seq.; little pro
vision made for, by armies of the
North and South at the beginning
of the war, VIL, 24; Confederate,
some of the most important ones,
VIL, 44, 46; Northern and
Southern, VIL, .53-97; construc
tion of , and conditions existing in
those of the North and South,
VIL, 54 seq. ; of importance,
clarified and described, VIL, 54,
50 seri., 96; of the war, VIL, 54-
97; fortifications used as, VIL,
50, 58; jails and penitentiaries
used as, VIL, 58; I'nipn and Con
federate, overcrowding, unsani
tary conditions, etc., of, 58, 62,
64, 06 seq. ; various buildings, as
manufacturing establishments,
used as, VIL, 58, 60, 02, 91; en
closures used as, confined to the
North exclusively, VIL, 62, 64;
Federal, commandants of, VIL,
65; Union and Confederate, rate
of mortality and sickness in, VIL,
05, 68, 70; tents used for, VIL, 70,
72; Union, in which mortality
was ten per cent, in one month,
VIL, 73; open stockades without
shelter used for, and confined
exclusively to the South, VIL,
74, 76 seq.; of Elmira, N. Y.,
death and sick rate of, VIL, 77;
in Virginia, VIL, 78; east of
Mississippi, VIL, 86; west of
Mississippi, VIL, 93; life in, lays
bare a man's character, VIL, 124,
120; various means of idling away
the hours in, VIL, 126, 128, 130,
132, 134, 136; all sorts and con
ditions of men in, VIL, 126, 129;
determination to escape from,
held first place in the hearts
of thousands of prisoners, VIL,
131, 132; debating societies,
French classes, etc., in, VIL, 133,
136; statistics of mortality in,
VIL, 130; escapes from, during
the Civil War, VIL, 138 seg.;
testimonies regarding treatment
of prisoners, VIL, 150, 158; regu
lations issued by Department of
War as regards care of prisoners,
VIL, 158; special acts passed by
Confederate Congress in regard
to, VIL, 158, 100; treatment of
Confederate prisoners at Fort
Warren the best in the whole
war, VIL, 162; rations, some,
rumors in regard to, VIL, 164,
100; fund for, VIL, 106, 108; of
the South, reports of suffering in,
multiplied, in latter part of 1863
and beginning of 1864, VIL, 108;
rations, VIL, 108; Union, rations

['ti> ED.]

served in, VIL, 108; rations as re
duced, VIL, 108; history of the
Confederacy, two most promi
nent figures of, VIL, 173, 170,
178, 180; in Alabama and
Georgia, VIL, 178; Old Capitol,
at Washington, VIIL, 289.
Pritchard, B. D., IX., 29.5.
Pritch.ard's Mills, Md., L, 352.
Private agencies of relief, VIL, 321-

341;

Privateers: Confederate, conviction
of, by United States court and
the trouble that ensued, VIL,
29, 34, 36; crews of, proclaimed
pirates by Lincoln, VL, 84;
careers of! VL, 122; abandoned
for blockade running, VL, 290;
Proclamation of President Lin
coln in regard to (April 19, 1861),
VIL, 34.
Proclamation of Abraham Lincoln,

call for troops, VIIL, 10S seq.
Proclamation of Emancipation, pre
liminary, VIL, 110.
Proctor, D. C., L, 105.
Proctor, R., IX., 155.
Projectiles: the Charrin type, V.,
138; for cannon, V., 140; the
Hotchki.ss type, V., 184, 190;
the Parrott type, V., 184, 190;
the Schenkl type, V., 184, 190; the
Armstrong type, V., 190; the
Blakely type, V., 190; the Whit-
worth type, V., 190.
Prospect Hill, Washington, D. C.:
camp of New York Thirteenth
cavalry at, IV., 173.
Prospect Hill, Va.: New York

Thirteenth cavalry at, IV., 27.
Proteus, U. S. S., VL, 107.
Provence's battery. Confederate, L,

358.

Providence, R. L: First Maine In
fantry leaving, VIIL, 60.
Provincetown, Mass., VL, 312.
Provost guard: patrols of the, VIIL,

81.

Provost marshal: duties and re
sponsibilities of, II., 157; head
quarters of, at Corinth, Miss.,
II., 157; ac.'ivities of., VIL, 85;
office, Department of the Cum
berland, VIL, 183, 187 seq.; the
army's police, VIL, 187-212;
general, duties of, VIL, 188;
duties of, combined offices of
chief of police and magistrate,
VIL, 1S8, 189, 190 seq.; and the
citizen, VIL, 188-212; practical
illustration of the. work of, VIL,
189; discretion and sound judg
ment necessary for office of, VIL,
190; existence of war brought
before the people by activities of;
VIL, 190; general headquarters
of, VIL, 201.
Pryor, R. A., X., 127.
"Psalm of the West, The," Sid
ney Lanier, IX., 30, 284.
Pulaski, Tenn.: Federal troops ad
vancing over bridge at, L, 212,
213; Union bridge at, II., 137.
Pulaski, Fort, Ga. (see also Fort
Pulaski, Ga.): VL, 237; VIIL,
229.

Pulpit Rock, Lookout Mountain,
Tenn.: II., 293; summit of, II.,
307.

"Pup-tent," The, VIIL, 32.
Purchasing system: Confederate

army, VIIL, 52.
Purdy Road, Miss., II., 152.
Puritan, U. S. S., VL, 130.
Purnell Legion of Maryland: VIL,

169.

Purvis, G. E., V., 65.
Puryear, J., IV., 166.
Putegnat, J. P., VIL, 147.
Putnam, G. H.: L, 7, 9, 50 00-
VIL, 18; IX., 177, 181; X., 21. '
Putnam, Henry, IX., 348.
Putnam, Herbert, L, 15.
Putnam, L, IX., 348.
Putnam, U. S. S., I., 350.

Q

Quaker Citj,, U. S. S.: II., 330; III.,

_ 312; VI., 308, 318.

"Quaker guns": mounted before

Port Hudson. II., 215; V., 198
Quaker Road, Va., III., 344.
Quallatown, N. C., II., 350.
Quantico Creek, Va., VI., 84.

Quanlrill, W. C.: II., 342; IV., 108,
Quarles, W. A., X., 295.

Quarles, Mosby ranger, IV., 166.
Quarles' Mill, Va.: I., 43; III., 51, 73.
Quartermasters, VIIL, 46 seq.
Quebec, Canada, L, 12.
Queen City, U. S. S., VL, 223.
Queen of the West, C. S. S.: II., 330.
Queen of the West, U. S. S.: L, 239,

240, 244, 366, 368; II., 196, 198;

VL, 35, 222, 224, 220, 316, 318.
Quirk's scouts, Confederate army,

IV., 158.
"Quota from Michigan," VIIL, 77.

R

Raccoon Ford, Va., II., 340.
Raccoon Mountain, Tonn.: II., 177,

29li ; gorge at, II., 310.
Rachel Seaman, U. S. S., VL, 310.
Radford, W., VL, 102.
Ragged Point, Va., VL, 322.
Haham, F., IV., 166.
Raiders: Confederate, capture of
telegraph operators by, IV., 174,
176.

Raids: first great Confederate under
General Stuart, June 13-15, 1862,
IV., 85; a distinct product of the
Civil War, IV., 120; expeditions,
Federal, in the East, IV., 120-
131; a most brilliant and sensa
tional one, and results of, in May,
1804, IV., 124, 125, 120, 127; in
the West, IV., 129-140; famous
Union, in the West, April, 1S63,
IV., 132, 133, 134; and expedi
tions, Federal, in the West, IV.,
132-140; Union, in the West, and
South, objects of, IV., 132; under
Crierson, the most successful
during the Civil War, results of,
IV., 134; by Federal cavalry in
March and April, 1865, in the
West, gave the death blow to the
Southern Confederacy, IV., 136,
138, 140; of Union cavalry in the
West on the whole more success
ful than those in the Kast, IV.,
137; Confederate, in the West,
IV., 141-164; under Morgan,
object of, IV., 144; under Mor
gan, results of, IV., 156.
Railroads: Richmond-Chattanooga
Railroad, L, 116; Richmond &
York River Railroad, Va., L,
299; bridge over Richmond &
York River Railroad, I., 317; a
factor in warfare, II., 34; work
trains of military, II., 35; fre
quent destruction of, by armies
of North and South, II., 175;
guarding of, importance of in
the strategy of war, II., 316; ' 'the
most complete destruction of,
ever beheld," II., 341; destruc
tion by Union wreckers, III., 133;
and the armies, V., 271; military,
and roads, V., 274; part played in
war, VIIL, 4(1, 48; building on the
marsh, VIIL, 34; mileage in 1861,
VIIL, 46; transportation prob
lems, VIIL, 46; value in the
prosecution of campaigns, VIIL,
46; rates on, 48; Baltimore and
Washington R. R., 74; Massachu
setts Eighth, en route to Washing
ton, D. C., 74; New York Seventh
en route to Washington, D. C., 74.
Rains, J. E., II., 330; X., 151.
Rains, G. J., V., 163.
Rains, G. W.: V., 157, 161, 162, 10S,

170, 183.
Rains', J. S., brigade, L, 290, 350,

308.

Raleigh, N. C., VIIL, 220
Raleigh, C. S. S.: L, 356; VL, 140,

158, 168, 273.
Rampart, L, 263.
Rams: river steamers fitted as,
by Charles Ellet, Jr., VL, 35, 87;
Confederate destruction of, VI. ,
87, 89; first employment by Con
federates, VL, 140; opinion of
Mallory on, VI. , 146; use of, on
the Mississippi, VL, 150; in first
battle of ironclads, VL, 100, 162,
160; first attempts to use, VL,
178; in Confederate defense of
New Orleans, VL, 189, 191, 194,
198,200; in Confederate defense of
Carolina waters, VL, 199; in Con
federate defense of the Missis
sippi, VL, 224, 226; in Confeder

ate defense of Mobile, VL, 24!)

250, 251. 252, 254, 25C<; Foderai

use of, VL, 251; in Confederate

defense of Charleston, VL, 272;

Confederate cruiser, VL, 297, 299.

Ramsay, F. M., VL, 207.

Ramseur, S. D.: II., 334; III., 70,

152, 330; X., 145, 278.
Ramseur, surgeon, VIL, 222.
Ramsey, A., VL, 154.
Randall, J. It.: IX., 19, 20, 81, 82

.S3, 84, 158. 101.

Itandol, A. M., battery, II., 334.
Randolph, G. W.: organizer of the
"Richmond Howitzers," V., 58;
VIL, 100, 195; X., 319.
Randolph, Mrs. G. W., VIL, 296
Randolph, N., IV., 166.
Randolph, Fort, Tenn. (see also
Fort Randolph, Tenn.), L, 230,
240, 249.
Randolph's battery, Confederate,

L, 348.

Rankin, W. A., L, 97, 201.
Ranson, G. M., VL, 190.
Ransom, M. W.: II., 324; VIIL, 103.
Ransom, It., Jr.: II., 324; X., 279.
Ransom, T. E. G.: II., 352; X., 199,

218, 222.

Rapidan River, Va. : II., 26, 40 42

105, 124, 2(17; Germania ford,

III., 24. 25; V., 32 seg., 214, 210,

234; VIIL, 329, 351.

Rappahannock Bridge, Va. : II.,

226; VI. , 294.

Rappahannock River: view of Fred-
ericksburg, Va., from, L, 26;
Brady at work on the banks of, L,
26,59; Federal troops crossing the,
II., 1(1, 19, 24, 33, 39, 40 .xv</., 42,
44, 80, 83; Franklin crossing on,
II., 91, 97, 105, 100. 109, 1 13, 124,
128; skirmish on, II., 320; IV., 84
89, 91, 92, 190, 192, 203, 228: V.,
21, 34 seq., 38; pontoniers on the,
V., 219, 232, 244, 280, 290; VL,
314, 318, 320; VIL, 41, 42, 208;
VIIL, 100, 323; at Fredericks-
burg, Va., IX., 193.
Rappahannock Station, Va.: II.,

342, 340; IV., 89, 193; V., 233.
Rappahannock, C. S. S., VL, 2!)0.
Raritan, U. S. S., VL, 54.
Rasier, F. W., IX., 345.
Rassieur, L.. X., 290.
Rations: "On the hoof," VIIL, 50;

serving out of, VIIL, 213.
Rattler, U. S. S., VL, 208.
Rawlins, J. A.: with Gen. Grant at
City Point, Va., I., 81, 181; III.,
81; IV., 210; horse of, IV., 303;
IX., 113; X., 31, 47, 49.
Raymond, Miss, II., 189, 21S, 334,

340.

Rea, J. P., X., 290.
Read.C.W.: VI., 292, 318; VIL, 139.
Read, J., VIL, 18.
Read, T., X., 141.

Read, T. B.: IV., 297, 310; "Sheri
dan's Ride," IX., 70.
Reagan, J. II., X., 13.
Reams Station, Va., III., 197, 201,

208, 330.

Reaney, H., VL, 166.
Reconstruction: IX., 18, 298, 305,

308, 310, 313, 324, 325.
Records of the War between the

States, L, 102-111.

Recruits: Southern, better marks
men and horsemen, VIIL, 148.

Rectortown, Va. : McClellan re
lieved of command of army at,
II., 57, 348.

Red Hill, Georgetown, D. C.:
signal camp of instruction at,
VIIL, 306, 307; United States
Signal Service Corps, VIIL, 308,

309, 313, 322; signal camp at,
VIIL, 339.

"Redhot Battery," McCarthy's
battery, Company C, First
Pennsylvania artillery, L, 291.

Red House Landing, Va., VIIL, 259.

"Red-legged Fifty-fifth, "VIIL, 72.

"Red Men Who Suffered in Si
lence," VIL, 254.

Red Mound, Tenn., II., 328.

Red River: L, 72; Col. Bailey's
wonderful dam on, L, 78, 79;
II., 200, 209, 225; VI., 147, 148,
207, 217, 225, 227, 232, 318, 320,
322; VIL, 90.

Red River Dam, L, 74, 78, 79.

Red River expedition: L, 77 seq.;
VL, 64, 234; VIIL, 251.

[348]

RED RIVER FLEET

INDEX

ROSS1TER

Red River fleet, U. S. S., VI., 320.

Red Rover, V. S. hospital boat: I.,
243; II., 193; VI., 218; at Vicks-
burg, Miss., VII., 307; 3IS; med
ical staff of, VII., 318, 319, 320.

Red way, G. W.: quoted, X., 134.

Redwood, Allen C.: VIII., 9, 138;
quoted, VIII., 151, 15S, 173, 177;
X., 7, 27, 28; " Stonewall Jackson
— a memory," X., QSseq.

Reed, W. H., quoted, VII., 185.

Reelfoot Lake, Tenn., I., 220.

Rees, H., III., 200.

Rees, photographer, VII., 57.

Reeve, I. V. D., VII., 30.

•'Refugee": natives and "intelli
gent contrabands," VIII., IS.

' 'Regular" troops, numberof Union,
in '61, VIII., 222.

Reid's battery, Confederate, I., 350.

R. E. Lee, C. S. S., VI., 109.

Relief afforded the army by sani
tary commission, VII., 334.

Relief, V. S. S., VI., 50.

Reliance, C. S. S., VI., 310.

Reliance, U. 8. S., VI., 308, 320.

Religious services on the field, VIII.,
100, T>(;.

"Reminiscences of the Civil War,"
J. B. Gordon, II., 294.

' 'Reminiscences," Julia Ward Howe,
IX., 154.

"Remount depot," Giesboro, D. C.,
IV., 68.

Reno, J. L.: II., 40, 50, 51, 60, 322,
324; X., 131, 20*.

Renshaw, F. B., VI., 192.

Renshaw, W. B., VI., 316.

Republic, V. S. S., III., 342.

Republic Port, Va., IV., 102.

Repair shops in army, VIII., 40.

Resaca, Ga.: III., 108, 109, 218,
224, 248, 320; entrenchments at,
IX., 167.

Resaca de la Palma, Mexico, IV.,
24.

Resolute, C. S. S. VI., 192.

Resolute, U. S. S.: VI., 96, 97, 99, 308.

"Restoration of 1660," IX., 12S.

"Reunion, spirit of," X., 138.

Reveillie, U. S. S., II., 163.

Revere, E. H. R., VII., 217.

Revere, J. W., X., 219.

Revere, P. J., VII., 47.

"Review at Washington, D. C.":
III., 345; of Twentieth army
corps, III., 347.

Review stands, Washington D. C.,
IX., 2>9.

Reynolds, A. W., IV., 274. X., 321.

Reynolds, C'. W., quoted, VII., 75.

Reynolds, D. H., X., 259.

Reynolds. J. F.: I., 75; spot whore
killed at Gettysburg, Pa., I., 75;
II., 40, 88, 91, 108, 177, 241 seq.,
259, 282, 322, 328, 334; VIIL, 232;
death of, IX., 223: X., 129, 188.

Reynolds, J. J., X., 160, 185, 204.

Reynolds, W., VI., 127.

Rh'ind, A. C.. VI., 121, 315.

Rhode Island: population in 1860,
VIII., 59; number troops lost
from, VIIL, 59; number troops
furnished by, VIIL, 59.

Rhode Island troops:

Artillery: At Bull Run, Va., V.,
20; First, II., 65; V., 47; Third, L,
366; II., 350; colored, III., 340;
V., 147.

Cavalry: First, L, 364; II.,
25, 336; IV., 88, 233; Second,
Dragoons, L, 350; Third, II., 352;
Seventh, II., 324.

Infantry: First, L, 44, 141, 34S;
II., 332; leaving Providence, R.
I., VIIL, 60; Burnside and staff,
VIIL, 61; IX., 09; Second, L,
348; Third, L, 360, 366; II., 326;
Fourth, L, 356, 358; Fifth, L,
356, 358; IX., 68, 71.

Rhode Inland, U. S. S.: III., 342;
VI., 105; officers on deck of, VI.,
113.

Rhodes, C. D.: IV., 46, 120, 132,
168, 186, 220, 322.

Rhodes, J. F.: VII., 24, 50; opinion
of, regarding the food and cloth
ing of U. S. army, VIIL, 56.

Rice, A. V.. X., 231.

Rice. E. W., X., 205.

Rice, J.C.: II., 253; III.,58;X., 139.

Rice, S. A., X., 139.

Rice, W., IX., 328, 329.

Rich Mountain, Va.: I., 348; VII.,
30.

[2n ED.]

Richardson, A. D., VII., 146.

Richardson, I. B.: L, 280, 325; II.,
67, 72, 324 ; X., 131.

Richardson, R. V., X., 297.

Richardson, war correspondent,
New York Tribune, General
Sherman's reference to, VIIL, 29.

Richardson, Fort, Va. (see Fort
Richardson near Savage Station,
Va.,and Fort Richardson, Arling
ton Heights, Va.).

Richmond, Ky.: II., 322; losses at,
X., 142, 156.

Richmond, La., VI., 316.

Richmond, Va.: L, 51, 94, 124, 126
seq., 127, 144, 145, 283; Union
Army within five miles of, L, 391,
366; in ruins, L, 123; the struggle
for, I., 251 seq.; Confederate cap-
itol, L, 283; II., 22, 39, 66, 104,
105, 111, 350; III., 16, 17, 18,
19, 20, 33, 188, 214, 221, 224, 288;
ruins of, III., 298 seq. ; capital of
the Confederacy fallen, III., 298,
299; desolation and ruin in, April,
1865; III., 298, 299, 300, 302;
riot, explosion, fires in, April 2d,
and 3d, 1865, III., 302, 304, 305;
arsenal at, III., 317. 339 seq., 335;
s')ine scenes of destruction at,
III., 339, 341; Exchange Bank,
III., 341; ruins of Gallego Flour
Mills, III., 341; views of, III.,
341, 343 seq.; Union cavalrymen
in, IV., 121, 122; Dahlgren's raid
on, IV., 123, 124; smoking ruins
of, IV.,255;V., 12; Tredegar Mills,
V., 56, 104, 156, 157, 158..164, 166;
arsenal at, V., 166: Tredegar Iron
Works, V., 166, 191; arsenal, V.,
168; arsenal, ordnance issued from,
V., 168; arsenal, V., 170; laboratory
for small ammunition, V., 182;
grape shot in, V., 191; mortar
shells, V., 191; solid shot, V., 191;
ruins in, V., 181, 216, 234, 248,
264; Ardund map, Confederate,V.,
264; defense of, V., 303: capitol at,
V., 303, 304; arsenal, after fire,
V., 307; Tredegar Iron Works,
V., 307; defenses of, V., 313; for
tifications of, V., 314. 316; the fall
of, V., 318; negro refugees in, V.,
319; map of defenses of, V., 322;
VI., 59; Tredegar Iron Works,
VI., 76, 90, 114, 132, 139, 162,
165, 265, 289, 314, 317; Libby
Prison, VII., 19, 25 seq., 36 seq.,
38, 45, 55, 57 seq.; Belle Isle
Prison, VII., 61; capitol at, VII.,
61; prison in, VII., 78; Libby
Prison,VII.,91; Libby Prison after
the war, VII., 93; Libby Prison,
1865, when used as prison for
Confederates, VII., 94,121; Libby
Prison, 1865, VII., 121; prisons in,
VII., 136; Libby Prison, VII.,
143, 160, 104 seq.; "Castle Thun
der" prison at, VII., 199; ruins
in, VII., 237, 238, 239 seq.; Chim-
borazo Hospital, VII., 243; City
Hospital, VII., 243, 349;VIIL, 40,
51,109,127; ruins of Tredegarlron
Works at, VIII., 133, 150 seq., 158
seq., 198; Libby Prison, Iowa
Fourteenth Infantry, VIIL, 251,
252; fall of, VIIL, 254, 288 seq.,
324 seq., 343 seq., 352 seq.; U. S.
military telegraph operators in,
VIIL, 363; U. S. telegraph con
struction train in, VIIL, 367;
Richmond Paper Mill and rail
road rebuilt, IX., 325; statue of
George Washington at, IX., 228;
Washington's headquarters in,
IX., 228; St. John's Church at,
IX., 229; ruins, 1865, IX., 231;
Hollywood cemetery at, IX., 283;
Henry Clay monument in, IX.,
285; Gallego Flour Mills at, IX.,
306; Southern express office, IX.,
306; mill on James River and
Kanawha Canal, IX., 306; Rich
mond and Petersburg railroad
station at, IX., 306; remains of
cars near the station, IX., 306;
residences in ruins, IX., 307 ; ruins
of paper mill (1805), IX., 324;
ruins in, IX., 324; residence of
Robert E. Lee, X.,51.; visited by
Massachusetts troops, X., 138.

Richmond, C. S. S., formerly the
George Page, C. S. S., VI., 84, 89,
175, 265.

Richmond, U. S. S.: L, 227, 229 seq.;

II., 219; V., 57; VI., 48, 189, 190;
217, 251, 252; VIIL, 157, 303.

"Richmond," horse of R. E. Lee,
IV., 300.

Richmond-Chattanooga Railroad,
L, 116.

Richmond Inquirer, The, Richmond
Va., V., 15, 170.

Richmond, Fredericksburg and Po
tomac Railroad, Va.: II., 85;
bridge, V., 273.

"Richmond Howitzers," of Rich
mond, Va., V., 58.

Richmond and Petersburg Rail
road, III., 320; station of, IX.,
308; bridge, ruins of, IX., 301.

Richmond and York River Railroad:
L, 288, 299, 315; gun mounted on
car wheels on, L, 325; bridge of,
over the Pamunkey River de
stroyed by Gen. McClellan, I.,
317.

Richmond Railroad, Va., III., 298.

Ricketts, J. B.: L, 151, 159, 162;
II., 32, 46, 63; field batteries, V.,
18 seq.; 19, 20 seq.; battery of,
VIIL, 78; IX., 266.

"Ride around McClellan," Stuart's
first great raid, June 13-15, 1862,
IV., 85.

Ridgely, D. B., VI., 123.

Rienzi, Miss., II., 340.

"Rienzi," horse of P. H. Sheridan,
IV., 30H seq.

Rifles: Springfield and Enfield
models, V., 129; caliber of, V.,
130; muzzle-loader, V., 130;
breech-loading and repeating, V.,
132; Spencer model, V., 132,
134; Spencer, compared with
Springfield model, V., 134; James
model, V., 135; Brooks model, V.,
143; Parrott model, V., 143, 154;
Springfield model, V., 148, 160;
magazine, V., 174; breech-load
ing, V., 194; replacing muskets,
VIIL, 186.

Rinal'lo, H. M. S., reception of Con
federate Commission on, VI., 312.

Ringgold, C., VI., 19.

Ringgold, C. W., VII., 133.

Ringgold, Ga.: W. P. Carlin and
staff at, II., 169, 276, 309, 346;
headquarters of General Thomas
at, III., 107; camp at, IX., 170.

Ringgold's Penn. Cavalry, L, 354;
II., 348.

Rio Grande River, Tex., VI.,39,110.

Ripley, E. H., X., 307.

Ripley, J., V., 126.

Ripley, R. S.: II., 67, 320, 324; V.,
134, 183, 261 ;X., 109.

Ripley, Miss., II., 346.

River Defense Fleet: Confederate,
L, 240, 362; destruction of, VI.,
35, 83, 85, 222; organization of,
VI.,83, 85; failure of, VI., 85, 192;
on the Mississippi, VI., 220, 314.

"River of Death," meaning of In
dian word " Chickamauga," II.,
270.

River steamers: importance of, in
military operations in the West,
II., 162, 163.

Rivers' Bridge, S. C., III., 342.

Rives' cavalry, Confederate, L, 350.

R. J. Breckenridge, C. S. S., VI., 192.

Roads: during the Civil War, VIIL,
21; condition of, VIIL, 34, 36.

Roane, J. S., X., 257.

Roanoke, C. S. S., VI., 181.

Roanoke, U. S. S., VI., 48, 156 seq.

Roanoke Island, N. C.: L, 356; VI.,
268; IX., 69.

Roanoke River, N. C.: III., 318;
VI., 199, 264, 322.

"Robert E. Lee," poem by Julia
Ward Howe, IX., 122.

Robert E. Lee, C. S. S., VI., 108, 124.

Robert Morris, U. S. S., L, 273.

Roberts, B. S., X., 307.

Roberts, D. J.: VII., 9, 238, 256,
278, 349; X., 27.

Roberts, G. W., VI., 312.

Roberts, W. P., X., 281.

Robertson, R. II., IV., 72, 104.

Robertson, F. H., X., 315.

Robertson, J. B., X.. 315.

Robertson, J. M.,I.,287;V., 15, 35,37.

Robertson, J. P., VI., 127.

Robertson Hospital, Richmond,
Va., VII. , 290.

Robertson River, Va., II., 26.

Robertson Tavern, Va., II., 346.

Robertson's Battery, L, 281.

Robertson's Ford, Va., III., 30.
Robinson, J.C. : III., 54 ; X., 225,296.
Robinson, J. S., X., 233.
Robinson, W., VI., 301.
Robinson House, Bull Run, Va.,

L, 157.

Roche, J. J., IX., 204 seq.
Roche, T. G., L, 42.
"Rock of Chickamauga," name

given to General Thomas, II.,

288; X., 122.

Rock Creek, D. C., V., 94 ; VIIL, 98.
Rock Creek, Pa., II., 238.
Rock Hill, Va., IV., 243.
Rock Island, III.: arsenal at, V., 146;

prison, VII., 44, 66, 82, 168; VIIL,

82.

Rock Spring, Ga., VI., 147.
' 'Rockbridge Artillery," of Virginia,

V., 73.

Rockville, Md., II., 344.
Rockwood, G. G., L, 46, 48 seq.
Rocky Face. Ga., II., 350.
Rocky Face Gap, Ga., III., 108.
Rocky Face Ridge, Ga., III., 108,

318.

Rocky Gap, Ky., II., 330, 342.
Roddey, P. D.^ X., 253.
Rodenbough, T. F.: quoted, III.,

100; IV., 7, 16; quoted, IV., 109,

202, 292; X., 25.
Rodes, R. E.: II., 324; III., 152,

320, 330, 332; quoted, VIIL, 120;

IX., 201; X., 145, 282.
Rodgers, C. R. P.: IL, 347, 351; IV.,

47, 127, 270; VIIL, 335
Rodgers, G. W., VI., 44, 173.
Rodgers, J.: L, 189, 333; V., 312;

VI., 139, 171, 182,212,272, 312.
Rodgers, L., IV., 113.
Rodgers Battery, Va.: V., 85, 87.
Rodman, I. P.: IL, 74, 75, 76, 324;

V., 87; X., 133.
Rodman, T., V., 137.
Rodman guns: smooth bore, V., 87,

89.

Rogers, H. C., X., 229.
Rogers, W. P.: IL, 141, 156, 160;

dead body of, IL, 145.
Rogersville, Tenn., IL, 346.
"Roll Call," N. G. Shepherd, IX.,

136, 137.

Rolling Fork, Ky., IV., 150, 154.
Rolling Fork River, Ky., IV., 150.
Roman, Arthur, VIIL, 169.
Roman Catholic sisterhood, hospi
tal work of, VII., 296.
Rome, Ga.: IL, 276, 332; III., 112,

216, 220, 320; VIL, 145.
Romeo, U. S. S., VI., 208.
Romney, W. Va., L, 348, 352, 354.
Rontzohn's photograph gallery,

Winchester, Va., General Jackson

at, X., 101.
Rood, F. M., L, 50.
Rood's Hill, Va., III., 338.
Rooney, J. J., IX., 322.
Roosevelt. Theodore, VIIL, 112;

X., 138.

Root, E., L, 104.
Root, G. F., IX., 342, 350.
Roper Hospital, Charleston, S. C.,

VIL, 161.
Ropes, J. C.: L, 282; IL, 38; V., 34

seq. ; IX., 56.
Rorty, J., IX., 217.
Rose, T. E.: VIL, 60, 137 seq., 145,

152.
Rosecrans, W. S.: L, 132, 136; IL,

9, 140 seq., 142 seq., 148 seq., 150,

160, 166 seq., 178, 270 seq., 272

seq., 288, 294 324, 328, 340, 344;

IV., 34, 144, 147, 151 Destruction

of wagon train by, IV., 158, 159,

160, 162, 164, 214, 254; V., 135,

206, 208, 292, 296; VI., 230; VIL,

233; IX., 101; with staff, X., 19,

122, 172, 173.
Rosencranz, Lieut., Swedish officer

on McClellan's staff, L, 113.
Roseville, Ark., IL, 352.
Ross, C., L, 241.
Ross, E. W., VIL, 57.
Ross, J., home of, IL, 287.
Ross, L. F., X., 201.
Ross, L. S., dead body of, IL, 145,

330; X., 313.
Ross, Texas rangers, Confederates,

L, 358.
Rosser, T. L.: IL, 348; III., 160,

164, 332, 344; IV., 73, 87, 106,

108, 110, 112, 114, 171, 251, 252.
Rosser's Battery, Confederate, I.,

350.
Roasiter, C., VIL, 125.

[349]

ROSSVILLE GAP

Kossville Gap, Tcnn.: headquarters

of General Gordon Granger. II.,

2N7; Union army crosses, IX., 10! .
Roster of general officers, Uni >n

arid Confederate, X., 301; Union

army, X., 30->~317; Confederate

array, X., 318-321.
"H .nisili surgery in the field, VII.,

252, 253.

Round Hill. Ark., I., 308.
Bound rop,Getty8burg,Pa.,IL,«81.
Rousseau, L. H.: II., 174; III., 320,

330, 340; IV., 254, 287 srq.; VII.,

215.

Kouth, .1. W., surgeon, X., 292.
Hover, Tcnn., II., 330.
Rowan, S. C.: VI., 03, !»4, 95, 08, 270.
Kowlett. P. F., VIII., 113.
Hewlett's Station, Ky., I., 354.
It >.vley, T. 11.. X., 293.
Koynl Yacht, C. 8. S., I., 354; VI.,

45; VI., 208.
Royall, W. H., IV., 85.
Roziene, F. A., I., 14.
Ruby, C. S. S., VI., 107.
Ruckstuhl, F. W., IX.,311.
Ruger.T.H.: II., 250,258; IIL.344;

X., 87.
Ruggles, D.: I., 358, 362; VII., 40;

X., 317.

Rush, R. H., IV., 25, 75.
Rush Hawkins' Zouaves, VIII., 229.
Rush's Lancers (see also Sixth

Cavalry, Pa.), IV., 56, 74.
Rusk, J. M., X., 309.
Russel, A., VIII., 169.
Russel, J. H., VI., 51, 100, 268, 310.
Russell, A. A., IV., 160
Russell, A. .!.: L, 42; III., 145; V.,

10, 273; IX., 103, 195, 197.
Russell, D. A.: III., 152, 154, 332;

X., 133.

Russell, T., VIIL, 169.
Russell, W. H., author of "Bull

Run," L, 30.
Russia, Czar of, messenger from,

VI., 31.

Rust, A., L, 368; X., 257.
Rut, edKe, A. M., V., 65.
Rutledge. W. J., X., 292.
Rutledge 8 Mattery, Term., V., 65.
Ryan. Father, IX., 240, 245.
Ryan, M. B., X., 47.

Sabine Cross Roads, La.: II., 352;
VI., 227.

Sabine Pass.Texas: VI., 316,320,322.

Sabine, U. S. S., VI., 19, 163, 270.

Sachem, U. S. S., II., 330; VI., 320.

Sackett, D. B., I., 331.

Sacramento, Ky., I., 350.

Sacramento, V. S. S., VI., 295, 298.

Sailor's Creek, Va : III., 306, 346;
IV., 87, 258; V., 208.

St. Augustine, Fla. : I., 35; Fort
Marion at, II., 347, 348,349, 351;
VI., 312.

St. Charles, Ark.: I., 306; II., 194;
VI., 222, 314.

St. Charles Hotel, New Orleans,
La., VIIL, 211.

».CZotr,U.8.8.,VL.318.

St. James' Church, Va., IV., 224.

St.. John, I. M.,V., 170; X., 265.

St. John, X. B., VI., 133.

St. John's Bluff, Fla., VI., 121, 310.

St. John's River, Fla.: VI., 23, 310,
320.

S'. Lawrence, U. S. S.: VI., 82, 150,
268, 300.

St. Louis, Mo.: L, 172 seq. • Camp
Jackson at, I., 173; IV., 328; V.,
144; arsenal, V., 154; Gratiot
Street, Prison, VII., 65; basis of
supplies, VIIL, 32; army repair
shops, VIIL, 40; raises a large
force to defend the I'nion, VIIL,
74, 82, 200.

St. Louis. I". S. S.: L, 182 seq., 185,
187 seq., 222; a veteran of many
river fights, I., 223 seq.. 350, 302,
300; VI., 214, 216, 220. 222, 312.

St. Marcus, castle of, St. Augustine,
Fla., II., 347.

St. Mark's River, Fla., VI., 314.

St. Mary's River, Fla., II., 350.

St. Paul's Church, Alexandria, Va.,
VII., 234.

St. Peter's Church, near New Kent
Court House, Va.: Gen'l Simmer
and staff at, L, 297; church in
which Washington was married,
IX., 228.

INDEX

St. Philip. Fort, La. (sec also Fort

St. Philip, La.): L, 220, 227, 228,

230, 234.

St. Pierre, Martinique, VI., 203.
St Thomas' Church, New York

City, X., 15.
Salamis, L, 30.
Salem, Ark., I., 358.
Salem, Mo., L, 354.
Salem, Va., III., 324.
Salem Chapel, Va., fight at, IX., 193.
Salem Church. Va.: IH.,322; X., 138.
Salem Heights. Va., II., 334.
Saline River, Ark., II., 352.
Salisbury. N. C.: VII., 40, 88, 92,

114, 126, 142, 114.
Salisbury, Term., II., 346.
Salkahatchie, S. ('., III., 312.
Salm-Salm, Prince Felix: I., 309;

V., 292.

Salomon, F., X., 309.
Saltpeter: reserve supnlv of, V., 144.
Saltville, Va., III., 332. 340.
"Sam," horse of Gen'l Sherman,

IV., 306.

Samaria Church, Va., III., 324.
"Sambo's Right to be Kilt," C. G.

Halpine, IX., 173, 170.
Samuel Orr, U. S. S., VI., 310.
San Antonio, Texas: V., 166; VII.,

30; VIIL, 70.
San Augustine Springs, N. Mex. (see

Fort Fillmore, N. Mex.), L, 350.
San Jacinto, U. S. S.: I., 354; VI.,

125, 291, 310.

San Lucas Spring, Texas, VII., 30.
Sanborn, J. B., L, 147.
Sanborn, W., X., 217.
Sand battery on Gulf Coast, VIIL,

161.

Sand-bag fortifications of Confed
erates at Yorktown, Va., L, 265.
Sanders, Capt., C. S. A., VII., 123.
Sanders, W. 1'., II., 340; X., 139.
Sanders, W. W., L, 147.
Sanderson, J. M., VII., 45, 55.
Sandersville, Ga., III., 33 S.
Sands, B. F., VI., 61.
Sandusky Bay, Ohio: prison at, VII.,

44; Fort Johnson in, VIL, 69.
Sanford, K. S., VIIL, 344, 346 seq.
Sanger, E. F., VIL, 77, 149, 107.
Sansrer, W. D., I., 248.
Sanitary Commission (seo also

United States S.mitary Com
mission), VIL, 17 seq.
Sanitation: work of , in camp, VIIL,

231.

Santa Fe, N. Mex., L, 300.
Santa Rosa, Fla., L, 352.
Santa Rosa Island, Fla.: VI., Ill;

VIIL, 150.
Santee, U. S. S.: I., 354; VI., 44, 45,

208, 310.
Santiago de Cuba, U. S. S.: III.,

342; IV., 21, 123.
Saracens, L, 30.
Saratoga, V. S. S., VI., 49, 65.
Sartoris, Nellie G., IX., 119.
Sassacus, U. S. S., III., 318, 342.
Satellite, U. S. S., VI., 320.
Satterlee Hospital, Philadelphia,

Pa., VIL, 295.
Saitgus, U. S. S.: III., 340; VL, 130,

131.

Saunders, J. C., X., 155.
Saunders, R., VIL, 139.
Saunders' Cavalry, Confederates,

L, 356.

Saussure, W. D. de, L, 103.
Savage, J., IX., 348.
Savage's Station, Va.: L, 288, 291,

293, 301, 323, 324, 325, 327, 332,

366; III., 199; V., 30 seq.; VIIL,

356.
Savannah, Ga.: L, 42, 82, 94, 361;

III., 214, 221, 224, 226, 229;

ruins at, III., 237 seq., 238;

wagon trains at, III., 239 seq.,

244; siege of, III., 340, 345; V.,

164; VI., 17, 23, 24, 34, 114, 308,

312; VIL, 86; Federal wounded

at, VIL, 103, 122, 139; VIIL,

220; evacuation of, VIIL, 334,

336, 337; plantation near, IX.,

53; the capture of, IX., 169, 171.

Savannah, Tenn., I., 198, 203.

Savannah, C. S. S.: VI., 75, 84, 122;

VIL, 34, 47.
Savannah River, Ga.: L, SO- V.,

147; VL, 236; IX., 171.
Sawyer, C. C., IX., 351.
Sawyer, F., X., 237.
Sawyer, Fort, Va. (see also Fort
Sawyer, Va.), L, 119.

Sawyer, Va., battery, L, 11!).

Saxon, C. S. S., VL, 309.

Saxton, R., IV., 102.

Scales, A. M., X., 281.

Scammon, E. P.: II., 43, 75; X., 231.

Scandinavians: recruits in Wis
consin regiments, VIIL, 75.

Scarey Creek, W. Va., I., 348.

"Scenes from Soldier Life," IX., 123.

Scheibert, Major (German En
gineer Corps), X., 130.

Scheier, photographer, VIIL, 171.

Scherick, R. C., L, 308; X., 185, 206.

Sehimmelfennig, A., X., 293.

Schleiden, Hanseatic Minister, VL,
25.

Schmidt, C., IV., 337.

Schoepf, A. A., VIL, 58, 65.

Schoficld, G. W., III., 20, 201, 216.

Schofield, J. M.: L, 128; III., 106,
108, 124, 132, 134, 248, 251, 252,
254, 255, 25(i, 258, 260, 264, 287,
318, 320, 322, 326, 344; V., 216,
254 ;X., 173, 174.

"School of the Soldier," VIIL, 179seq.

Schroeder, P., VL, 301.

Schuitz, G. J., X., 2.

Schurz, C.: II., 49, 117, 246; IV., 52;
IX., 28; X., 23, 24, 214.

Schwab, J. C., L, 00.

Schweinler, C., I., 10.

Sciota, U. S. S.: L, 229; VI., 190,
193.

Scollard, C., IX., 68, 69, 70, 71.

Scott, G. W., II., 69.

Scott, R. K., X., 237.

Scott, R. N., L, 104.

Scott, R. U., VI., 121.

Scott, S., VIIL, 237.

Scott, T. A.: VL, 24 ; VIIL, 344, 356.

Scott, T. M.: III., 340; X., 271.

Scott, W.: L, 144, 150, 170, 174;
IV., 50; V., 18 seq., 80 seq., 92;
VIL, 50, 347; gathers a tew guns
in Washington, D. C., VIIL, 70;
IX., 285; X., 56, 104,165.

Scott, Mrs. W., X., 165.

Scott, W. C., L, 306.

Scott's Bluff, Va., L, 44; VIIL, 297.

Scott's Run, fight at, IX., 65.

Scouting: IV., 192-196; develop
ment of, during the war, IV., 192;
mental qualities necessary for,
as well as physical courage and
endurance, IV., 192; value of, to
Union cause appreciated by
Sheridan, IV., 194.

Scouts: Confederate under Coop-
wood (Texas), L, 352; IV., 186;
Confederate officers as, IV., 1!)4;
loyal inhabitants of border
states in the capacity of, IV.,
194; Union, employment of,
after the Shenandoah Valley
campaign, IV., 194; Union under
Sheridan, equipment and work
of, IV., 194, 196; guides of the
Army of the Potomac, VIIL, 19;
mounted, VIIL, 261; Army of
the Potomac, VIIL, 267, 281;
Chief Hale and "Tinker Dave"
Beatty, VIIL, 275; Federal,
289; Confederate, VIIL, 295.

Scribuer's Monthly, IX., 37.

Scruggs, J. P., VIL, 147.

Scuclder, H., IX., 260.

Scully, Father, VIIL, 101.

Scurry, W. R., X., 153.

Sea Power, VIIL, 134.

Sea Wing, C. S. S., VL, 296.

Seabird, C. S. S., L, 356; VL, 264.

Seabrook, J. E., manor house of,

I., 359.

Seabrook Point, S. C.: mock bat
tery at, VIIL, 183.
Seamen, U. S.: number of, at be
ginning and end of Civil War,
VL, 63; difficulty of recruiting
in West, VL, 63, 210; on Moni
tor, VL, 163, 183; Farragut's
opinion of, VL, 187; morals of,
on Hartford, VL, 87, 242; on
Richmond, VL, 189; gun drill of,
VL, 192, 263; on Western rivers,
VL, 210, 211, 285, 286; in land
assault on Fort Fisher, VL, 248,
257, 259; number increased in
1861, VL, 262; duties of powder
monkey, VL, 277; amusements
of, VL, 278, 279, 281; nationality
of, VL, 279; prize money of, VL,
284, 286; on Kearsarge, VL, 300;
gunnery of, on Kearsarf/e,VI., 303.
Search-Light Library of New York,
L, 18.

SEALER

Searcy Landing, Ark., L, 364.
Sears,' C. W., X., 275.
Sebastopol, Turkey, L, 239.
"Secesh," Confederate horse, IV.,

81.
Secession ville, James Island, S. C.:

I., 366; II., 327, 329.
Second Bull Run, Va.: VIIL, 18;
battle of, VIIL, 03, 87, 00, 232.
"Second Inaugural Address,"

Abraham Lincoln, IX., 28, 250.
' 'Second Review of the Grand

Army," F. Bret Hurte, IX., 35.
Secret Service: Confederate, L, 25;
gallery of, at Baton Rouge, La., L,
31; Brady under the protection
of, L, 40; II., 77; of the army
(Union), chief of the, III., 35;
Confederate photography in, VL,
17; VIIL, 4; preface to, VIIL, 11,
14 seq., 19, 23, 24 seq., 26; of the
Federal armies, VIIL, 261 seq.;
chief and some of his men, VIIL,
262-263, 268; of the Federal
army, VIIL, 260 seq.; organiza
tion', Federal, VIIL, 200; agents'
work, VIIL, 272; usefulness,
instances of, VIIL, 278- 282, 288,
290, 300, 304; headquarters of,
VIIL, 283; house accupied by, at
City Point, Va., VIIL, 283: differ
ence between scouts and spies,
VIIL, 284; of the Confederacy,
VIIL, 285 xeq.: organization, Con
federate, VIIL, 286; Federal.VIIL,
302; Federal, excellence of, VIIL,
302. (See also "Military Infor
mation," "Scouts," "Spy.")
Secret societies, rumors of their op
position to the Federal Govern
ment, VIL, 204.

Sedan, France, battle at, I., 130.
Seddon, J. A., X., 13.
Sedgwick, J.: L, 294, 296, 325, 331;
II., 61, 65, 70, 74, 98, 108, 110;
with staff, II., 113, 120, 126, 12S,
228, 324, 334, 340; III., 30, 34, 36,
40,41, 42, 43, 44, 54, 55, 56, 70,
318, 320; IV., 43; V., 16; VIIL,
198, 246; death of, VIIL, 252,
298: IX., 193, 197; X., 129, 202.
Sedgwick, Fort, Va. (see also Fort

Sedgwick, Va.), I., 285.
Selfridge, T. O., L, 225: VI., 147.
Selma, Ala.: III., 344; IV., 130, 139;
V., 106; arsenal at, V., 170;
captured, IX., 247.
Selma, C. S. S., VL, 252, 254 seq.
Seminary Hospital, Georgetown,

D. C.,' VIL, 283.
Seminary Ridge, Gettysburg, Pa..

243, 200.

Seminole, U. S. S., VL, 48.
Seminole Indians, IV., 22.
Semmes, P. J., X., 153.
Semrnes, R.: V., 158; VL, 80, 287,
289, 290, 293, 204, 301, 302, 304,
320; IX., 340 seq., 346.
Semmes' Battery, Confederate, II.,

320.

Seneca, U. S. S., III., 342; VL, 312.
"Separation and Reunion," IX., 44

seq.

Sequatchie Valley, Tenn., IV., 214.
"Sergeant and sentry guard," Long

Bridge, Va., VIIL, 81.

Seven Days' Battles: L, 83, 132,

299, 311, 312 seq., 319, 320, 337;

military result of, I..338, 340, 341,

342, 300; IV., 238; V., 33, 66;

VIL, 233; VIIL, 346, 382; IX., 75,

79,144; fight ingaround Richmond,

X., 64, 142; losses at, X., 142, 156.

Seven Pines, Va.(see also Fair Oaks,

Va.): L, 122; farm house at, used

as a hospital, L, 277, 282, 288,

291, 202, 364; V., 304, 314; VIL,

102; battle of, IX., 59.

Seventh Street Road, D. C., V.,

94, 106.

Seward, W. H.: VL, 25; VIL, 192;
quoted, VIL, 190, 205; attempt
at assassination of, VIL, 211;
VIIL, 94, 278; X., 12.
Sewell's Point, Va.: VL, 164, 105,
172, 180; Confederate battery at,
VL, 308, 314.
Sexton, J. A., X., 290.
Sexton, J. W., VIL, 17.
Seymour, T.: III., 42, 50; X., 307.
Seymour, U. S. S.: L, 356; III., 318.
Shackelford, J. M.: II., 340, 342,

344, 348; X., 207.
Shafter, W. R., X., 215.
Shaler, A.: III., 50; X., 227.

[ 350 ]

SHAM BATTLE

INDEX

SOUTH CAROLINA

Sham buttle near Missionary Ridge,
Tenn., VIII., 205.

Shsuily, C. IX, IX., 22.

Sharp, .1. H., X., 275.

Sharpe, G. H.: horses of, IV., 311;
put in charge of military informa
tion bureau, VIII., 264, 2(15, 270;
headquarters of, at Brandy Sta
tion, Va., VIII., 279, 289.

Sharpsburg, Mil. (see als:> Antie-
tam, Md.): I., 53; II., 58 seg., 59
seq., 70 seq., 73: Lutheran Church,
Main Street, II., 75, 324; IV., 92:
V., 72; IX., 190; X., 04, 122;
losses at, X., 124, 142.

Sharpshooters: at Gettysburg, Pa.,
IX., 207.

Shaup, F. A., X., 261.

Shaw, A., X., 7.

Shaw, A. D., X., 296.

Shaw, H. B., capture of, VIII., 292.

Shaw, W. B.: I., 10; VIII., 9, 42.

Shawnee Mound, Mo. (.see also
Milford, Mo.), I., 354.

Shnwseen, V. S. S., I., 356.

"Shebang": U. S. Sanitary Com
mission quarters at Brandy
Station. Va., VII., 335.

Sheffield, Mr., attache British
Minister, VI., 25.

Shelby, J. O.: II., 340, 344, 352;
IV.", 20; VI., 223; X., 279.

Shelby's Cavalry, Confederate, I.,
358"; II., 324.

Shelbyville, Tenn.: L, 130; II., 17S.

Shelley, C. M., X., 253.

Shells: with polygonal cavities, V.,
168; effect of, V., ISO; varieties of,
V., 190 seq.

Shenandoah, C. S. S., VI., 290.

Shenandoah, V. S. S., III., 342.

Shenandoah River, Va., II., C').

Shenandoah Valley, Va.: I., 121,
140, 301; Confederate prisoners
captured in, I., 303, 304 seq., 3(H;
campaign, I., 307; II., 39, 50;
Southern raids through the, III.,
IS; last conflicts in the, III., 139-
108, 140, 144; devastation in, by
the Union troops, III., 100; IV.,
194; campaign, V., 27; Sixth Ver
mont in, VIII., 05, 87, 89; cam
paign, VIII., 12S, 326; IX., 87.

Shephard, I. F., X., 217.

Shepherd, L. M.. IX., 19.

Shepherd, N. G., IX., 130, 13$.

Shepherdstown, Md., II., 75, 76.

Shepherdstown, Va.: II., 324, 342;
III., 144, 330.

Shepherdsville, Ky., IV., 250.

Shepley, G. F., X.', 211.

Sheridan, P. H.: II., 130, 171, 172,
275, 284 *eq., 306, 318; III., 20, 34,
37. 42, 00, 02, 72, 82, 84, 150, 150,

100, 102, 165, 166, 10S, 198, 280,
284, 294, 303, 312, 318, 320, 322,
332,342,340; IV., 10, 20, 21, 23,
24. 34, 41, 43, 50, 54, 57, 68, 98,
107, 108, 110, 114, 116, 120, 124;
ruins of North Anna Bridge at
end of raid by, IV., 125, 127, 128,
194, 196, 203, 209, 240, 242, 244,
249. 252, 255, 258; and staff, IV.,
260, 261, 202, 263 seq., 310; V.,
14, 27; scout system of, VIII.,
26, 130, 193, 198, 235, 240, 320,
329; IX., 115, 155, 243, 313; X.,
19, 40, 95, 177, 238.

"Sheridan's Ride," IX., 70.

Sherman, H., VI., 200.

Sherman, T. W.: I., 58, US, 354,
355,357; VI., 270, 310,313; X.,236.

Sherman, W.T. : L, 35, 50, 57,58, 59;
closing event of his "march to the
sea," I..80. 82,90, 117, 120, 124, 128,
129 spy., 130, 140,150,156,200,208,
248; H.,134, 173, 182. 191, 200,208,
212, 292, 290; Atlanta campaign,
II., 317, 32S, 330, 332, 334; raid,
II., 341; III., 15, 24, 25, 32, 100,

101, 104, 106-109, 113, 114, 110,
118, 124, 126, 128, 132-134, 137,
183, 210, 212-221, 223, 226-228
236-238, 244, 240-248, 251, 278,
280, 287, 310, 318, 322, 326, 328,
340, 346; IV., 198, 241, 254, 304,
V., 46, 50, 194, 204, 208, 270, 298;
" March to the Sea," VI., 1 14, 207,
221, 230, 236, 258; VII., 52, 84
112, 161 seq.. 175, 182, 203; VIII.,
22; his criticism of the press,
VIII., 29; accumulating supplies,
VIII., 34, 102, 133, 134, 196, 206,
207; "March to the Sea," VIII.,
210, 217, 219, 220; VIII., 238,

[2o ED.]

240, 248; Georgia campaign, VII.,
249, 252, 300, 332 »eq., 334,
362; quoted, IX., 16, 53, 64, 95,
97, 106, 109, 115, 100, 107, 168,
169, 170, 171, 235, 201, 295, 304,

309, 312, 314, 317, 318, 323, 327,
342; his opinion of Grant, X., 32,
75, 76, 78; ancestors of, X., 78, 79,
80; promoted to West Point, X.,
80; life in the South, X., 80; life in
the West, X., 80, 81; admitted to
bar,X.,S2; as banker, X., 82; as he
appeared in 1S70, X., 83; Superin
tendent Louisiana State Semin
ary, X., 84; enters army, 1801,
X., 86; at Bull Run, X., 86; mili
tary career, X., 86; in Kentucky,
X., 88; made a brigadier-general,
X., 90; Atlanta campaign, X., 90;
military qualifications of, X., 92;
private property of, X.,94; death
of, X., 96.

"Sherman," R. W. Gilder, IX., 100.

"Sherman's Bummers," VIII., 218.

"Sherman's March to the Sea": IX.,
100 seq. ; X., 75-90.

Sherrick's House, Sharpsburg road,
Md., II., 73.

Sherwood, K. B., IX., 93, 90, 103.

Shields, .!.: IV., 102, 104; X., 195.

Shields, S. A., I., 306, 310.

Shiloh, Tenn.: L, 95, 97. 122, 143;
"The First Grand Battle," I., 193
seq.; the defenders of Grant's last
line at, I., 194 seq., 199; Gen'l
Grant's headquarters on the Ti
gress at, L, 203; boats that turned
the tide at, I , 203, 205 ; Federal re
treat from, I., 214, 218, 224, 236,
360, 367; II., 166; IV., 241; V., 65;
entrenchments, Federal lack of, at,
V., 204; entrenchments, Federal,
increased use of, after, V., 200;
VI., 216; VIII., 32, 103, 119, 340;
battle of, IX., 95, 97, 244, 343,
346; Corinth campaign, X., 88;
losses at, X., 142, 156.

Ship Island, Miss.: VI., 186 seq.,

310, 312.

Ship No. 290, C. S. S., VI., 301.

Shims, A. K., VII., 330.

Shirk, J. W.: I., 205 geq., 248; VI.,
312.

Shirley's residence, ' 'White House,"
Vieksburg, Miss., II., 201, 205.

" Shirt-sleeve fighters," VIIL, 228.

Shoes, poor quality of Federal,
VIIL, S4.

Short, W., L, IS.

Shrady, G. F., VII., 226.

Shreveport, La.: I., 105; VI.,225,234.

Shufeldt, R. W., VI., 107.

Shuter's Hill, Va., V., 90.

Sibley, C. C., VII., 28.

Sibley, H. H., X., 254, 271.

Sickles, D. A., X., 290.

Sickles, D. E.: L, 18, 70, 71; II.,
108, 114, 116 seq., 248, 340; head
quarters at Trostle's House,
Gettysburg, Pa., II., 247, 334;
VIIL, 120; IX., 78; X., 181, 194.

Siebert, S. R., L, 42.

Siege gun : new kind of, III., 175.

Siege-trains, V., 26 seq.

Sigel, F.: L, 132, 367 seq.; II., 21,
322; III., 25, 140, 144, 289, 320,
320; IV., 34: VIIL, 368; IX., 348;
X., 189, 214.

Sigfried J. K., X., 291.

Signal, U.S.S. :III.,318;VI.,221 ,239.

Signal Service, U. S. (see also U. S.
Signal Service): Central station
at Washington, D. C., VIIL,
305; camp of instruction ;at
Red Hill, Georgetown, D. C.,
VIIL, 306, 307; experts in the
service, VIIL, 308, 309; flags used
by, VIIL, 308; instances of
efficient service of, VIIL, 309,
317, 319, 321, 324, 320, 332, 338;
towers used by, VIIL, 310, 311,
313, 315, 325,'331, 338; codes of,
VIIL, 311, 314, 315, 310; code
system invented, VIIL, 312;
Confederate signal men in '61,
VIIL, 313; alphabet of, VIIL,
314; stations on house tops, 317,
337; station on mountain tops,
VIIL, 319, 320, 321, 324; signal
men at work, VIIL, 320, 321,
323, 329; station in tree tops,
VIIL, 322, 336, 338; "striking
the Signal Corps Flag for the last
time— August, 1865," VIIL, 339.

Signal Service: Confederate (see also

Confederate States of America),

VIIL, 313, 340; IX., 25.
Signaling: with rockets or bombs,

VIIL, 320; on shipboard, VIIL,

330, 335; by sea, VIIL, 337.
' 'Silence": facsimile of poem written

at Johnson Island, ()., VII., 135.
.Silk worth, W. W., X., 288.
Sill, J. W., II., 172, 330: X., 137.
Silver Lake, Fla., II., 350.
Silrer Lake, U. S. S., VI., 209.
Simmons, Colonel, X., 19.
Simmonton, Capt., VIIL, 115.
Simms, J. P., X., 265.
Simons, .)., L, 181; VIIL, 147.
Simpson, 10., VI., 200.
Simpson, J. G., VI., 230.
Sims, J., VIIL, 151.
Simsport, La., VI., 318.
Sinclair, A., VI., 301.
Sinnott, H. T., IV., 166.
Sioux war, 1801: destruction of life

and property during, VIIL, 79.
Sisters' Ferry, Ga., III., 244.
"Six Hundred, Charge of the." II.,

81.
Six Mile House, Weldon Railroad,

Va., III., 330.
Sixth Brigade, IV., 282.
Slack, W. V., X., 149.
Slaughter, J. E., X., 321.
Slaughter, J. H., III., 346.
Slaughter's house, Cedar Mountain,

Va., II., 29.

Slaughter Mountain, Va., II., 20.
Slavery: not the South's reason for

fighting, VIIL, 110; IX., 294,

316; X., 134.
Sledd, B., IX., 190.
"Sledge of Nashville": name given

to General Thomas, III., 263.
Sleeper, Captain, III., 71.
"Sleeping for the Flag," H. C.

Work, IX., 344.
"Sleeping on guard," execution for,

VIIL, 96.
iSIenmier, A. J.: L, 4, SO, 347 seq. ;

V., 59; VIIL, 100, 156.
Slidell, J.: L, 354; VI., 291, 298, 299,

310, 312.
Slocum, H. W.: L, 44, 321, 32S; II.,

108, 110, 248, 254, 334, 340; III.,

138, 222, 232, 244, 347; X., 162,

177, 182.
Sloo, A., L, 179.
Sloss, R., L, 10.
Slough, J. B., X., 195.
Slye, D. W., VII., 125.
Small arms, V., 134.
Smallpox: deaths from, VII., 320;

hospital barge for, on the Missis
sippi, VIL, 320.
Smart, C., VIL, 224.
Smeed, E. C.: V., 295, 298.
Smith, A., X., 2.
Smith, A. J.: II., 328; III., 320; IV.,

134; raid in Mississippi, IV., 137;

VI., 227; X., 222.
Smith, A. K., VIL, 224.
Smith, A. N., VI., 190.
Smith, C. B., X., 12.
Smith, C. F.: L, 184, 180 .seq., 190

seq., 360; V., 42: X., 303.
Smith, C. H., X., 211.
Smith, E. Kirby: L, 105, 100; II.,

322, 352; III.,' 342, 346; IV., 241;

V., 70; VIL, 50; VIIL, 340; X.,

243, 258.
Smith, G., IX., 297.
Smith, G. A., X., 201.
Smith, G. M., VIIL, 251.
Smith, G. W.: L, 283, 292, 298, 364;

V., 314; X., 248, 251.
Smith, H. B., VIIL, 278.
Smith, H. H., VIL, 21.
Smith, J., VI., 52, 1S4.
Smith, J. A., X., 297.
Smith, J. B., VI., 162.
Smith, J. C., L, 248.
Smith, J. D., V., 71.
Smith, J. E.: II., 306, 340; X., 291.
Smith, J. L, VIIL, 151.
Smith, J. P.. X., 103.
Smith, M., VI., 190.
Smith, Martin L., L, 232; II., 334;

VI., 196; X., 261.
Smith, Morgan L.: L, 364: II., 328;

X., 87.

Smith, N. H., VIIL, 251.
Smith, O. ,L. VIL, 161.
Smith, Persifal, V., 58.
Smith, Preston, II., 288; X., 153.
Smith, T., X., 233.
Smith, T. B., X., 297.
Smith, T. C. IL, X., 231.

Smith, T. K., L, 248.

Smith, T. W., X., 2.

Smith, W.: VI., 108, 208; X., 111.

Smith, "Will," L. 179.

Smith W. B., VI., 102, 301.

Smith, W. F. (' 'Baldy") : L, 51, 264,
325; IL, 296, 297, 328; III., 84,
86, 88, 92, 95, 188, 190, 230, 338,
340; V., 31; X., 183, 200, 226.

Smith, W. S.: IL, 91, 341, 350; X.,
237.

Smith, W. W.: VIL, 29; trial of, for
piracy, VIL, 34, 47.

Smith, U. S. S., IL, 348.

Smith Britnis, U. S. S.. IL, 348.

Smithfarm, Keedysville, Md.: field
hospital at, VIL, 263.

Smithfield, Va.: IL, .Y4S; III., 330-
VI., 320.

Smithsbury, Md., IL, 340.

Smyrna Camp Ground, Ga., L, 353.

Smyrna or Nickajack Creek, Ga
III., 326.

Smyth, Sarah A., X., 2.

Smyth, T. A.: IIL, 77; VIIL, 102;
X., 135.

Snake Creek, IX., 95.

Snake Creek Gap, Ga.: III., 108, 109.

Snelling, Fort, Minn, (see also
Fort Snelling, Minn.), L, 147.

Snickers Ferry, Va., III., 148.

Snickers Gap^ Va., III., 326, 328.

Snodgrass Hill, Ga.. IL, 282.

Snow Hill, Tenn., IL, 332.

Snyder, J. M., X., 292.

Snyder's Bluff, Miss., IL, 350.

Snyder's Mill, Miss., IL, 214.

Society of the Army of the Poto
mac, IX.. 218.

"Soldiers' Life, "preface to.VIIL, 11.

"Soldier par excellence," IV., 272.

Soldiers: Union, outside the prison,
VIL, 67; who escaped, VIL,
137 seq.; discharged, care of,
by sanitary commission, VIL,
340; of fortune, foreign, VIIL,
76; Confederate types of, VIIL,
123; number of, at close of war,
VIIL, 132; digging potatoes,
VIIL, 198; age of, at enlistment,
IX., 67; cemeteries, IX., 269, 281,
283; mustered out men, IX., 339.

"Soldiers' Rest," Alexandria, Va.,
VIL, 331.

Solferino, losses at, X., 140.

Solomon's Gap, Md., III., 326.

Somerset, Ky. (see also Mill
Springs, Kv.): L, 350; IL, 332;
VIIL, 229.

Somerset. U. S. S., VI., 314.

Somerville Heights, Va., L, 302.

"Song of the Texas Rangers," Mrs.
J. D. Young, IX., 345.

Songs: popularity of, VIIL, 238,
of the War Days, IX., 342 seq.

"Sons of Liberty," VIL, 206; VIIL,
294 seq., 300, "302 seq.

Sons of Veterans, X., 296.

Sop/iin, C. S. S., VI., 316.

Sorrell, G. M., X., 265.

"Soup, Tasting the," VIIL, 83.

South: failure of, to win the war
due to lack of supplies, L, 88, 90;
weakness of the navy of, L, 88;
subjugation of, by Union block-
ado, L, 90, 92; advantage of, over
North in its railway lines, L, 94,
90; its brightest period of the
war, IL, 106; resources of, near-
ing exhaustion, III., 278; lack of
sanitary commission in, VIL, 340;
VIIL, 20; false rumors regarding
strength of, VIIL, 22.

South Africa, British campaigns in,
L, 84.

South Anna Bridge, Va., III., 320.

South Atlantic Squadron, II., 332;
VI., 311.

South Battery, Charleston, S. C.,
V., 119.

South Carolina: University of, L,
14; the Hampton legion, L, 295;
Fort Walker, in, L, 357; devas
tation in, by Union troops, III.,
244, 246; guns at Morris Island,
VIIL, 06; adoption of blue flag
by, IX., 343.

South Carolina troops:

Artillery: S. C. Battalion,
Charleston, Confederate, L, 366;
IL, 332.

Infantry: First, L, 34S; IL,
330; VIL, 79, 147; losses at
Manassas, Va., X., 158; losses at
Games' Mills, X., 158; Second,

[351

SOUTH CAROLINA

South Carolina troops —Conlinuril
L, 3 is, 350; Tliirci. I., 3 IS, 350;
Fourth, L, 350; Fifth, I., 350;
.Sixth, L, 350; losses at I- air
Oaks, \n., X., 158; Seventh, L,
318, 350; losses at Antietain,
Md., X., 15S; Eighth, L, 350;
Tenth, VIL, 249; Twelfth, losses
at Manassas. Va., X., 158; Four
teenth, losses at Gaine.s' Mill",
Va., X., 158; Seventeenth, II.,
191; losses at Manassa.s, Va., X,
158; Twenty-first, X., 150;
Twenty-third, losses at Mantis
sas, Va., X., 158; Twenty-fourth,
L, 300; Twcntv-fifth, X., 150.

South Carolina, U. S. S..VI.,308,310.

South Carolinian, Columbus, S. C.,
IX., 27.

South Mills, M. C. (see also Cam-
den, N. C.), I., .it!-'.

South Mountain (Md. and Pa.):
II., 04 seq., 00 seq., 324; IV., S7;
V., 27; losses at, X., 142.

South Side Railroad, Va.: III., 20S,
2HO, 293, 294, 305, 307, 311;
VIII., 254.

"Southern Marseillaise, The," A. E.
Blaekmar, IX., 343.

"Southern Soldier Boy, The," T.
W. Armstrong, IX., 340.

"Southerners": at Shiloh, Tenn., I.,
199; in a Union prison, VIL, '11.

.SWU.//, U. S. S.: L, 350; II., 352;
VI., 87. 199, 320.

Southwest Mountain, Va. (see also
Cedar Mountain, Va.), II., 320.

Southwest Pass, La., VI., 189.

Southwestern Army, X., 274.

Southwestern campaign: map of,
II., 2.

Spangler, E., VIL, 205.

Spanish-American War, VIL, 347.

Spanish Fort, Ah.: III., 344; VI.,
25S seq.; IX., 217.

Spaulding, L.V.,247.

Spear, E., X., 211.

Spear, S. P., X., 303.

Spears, J. G., X., 305.

Spencer, J. P., L, 48.

Sphinx, C. S. S., (afterwards "Stone
wall,") VI., 299.

Spicer, W., IV., 198.

Spies: in the eapital at Washington,
April, 1S01, VIL, 102; Southern,
VIIL, 24, 20; women, VIIL, 273,
2H7, 291; causes for execution of,
VIIL, 303; executed by Confed
erates at Petersburg, Va., VIIL,
303.

Spinner, Mrs.: house <>f. used a8
hospital at Bull Hun, Va., VIL,
257.

"Spirit of Brotherhood," IX., 195,
329, 331, 333, 335.

"Spirit of Nationality," IX., 16.

"Splinter-netting" used on the
U. S. S. Richmond, VI., 189.

Spofford, Va., battery at, L, 119.

Spotsylvania, Va.: L, 122; II., 334;
IIL, 37, 52 seq., 00, OS, 320; IV.,
33, 40, 41, 121, 122, 124, 197, 203;
headquarters of General Warren
at. IV., 207; V., 21, 27, 214, 200;
scene after the battle, VIL, 42, 43;
Confederate prisoners encamped
at, VIL, 42, 43; wounded at, VIL,
171,251, 255; battle of, VIL, 288
seq., 303, 326; VIIL, 03; Sixth Ver
mont at , VIIL, 05; battle of, VIIL,
250, 353; IX., 77; scene at, IX.,
137; "Bloody Angle"at. IX., 155.

Sprague, J. W., X., 91, 231.

Sprague, KateC., Washington belle,
in camp, L, 28.

Sprague, W., L, 2S.

Sprague, Camp, Washington, D. C.
(see also Camp Sprague, Wash
ington, D. C.): L, 141.

Spring Hill, Term.: II., 330; III.,
250, 338.

Spring River, Ark. (see also Salem,
Ark.), L, 358.

Springfield, 111.: L, 174; Camp But
ler, near, L, 175.

Springfield, Mass.: Patriot Publish
ing Company at, L, 18; armory
at, V., 140.

Springfield, Mo. (see also Wilson's
Creek, Mo., arid Oak Hill, Mo.):
L, 350, 354; II., 330; IV., 152.

"Springfield" rifle. VIIL, 82.

Sproston, .1. G., VI., 92.

Stafford, T,. A..X.. 153.

Stafford Heights, Va., II., 80,83, 127.

[2n ED.]

INDEX

Stager. A.: VIIL, 344, 340 *../.; X.,
237.

Stagg. I'.. X., 125.

Stahel, J.,L, 309.

Stanley, D. S.: II., 150, 178, 324,
340; III., 2 IS, 254, 256, 258, 202;
IV., 254 ;X., 93, 196.

Stanley, T., X., 237.

Stanley's Cavalry Troop, I nion,
L, 350.

Stannard, G. J., X., 307.

Stannard's Vermont brigade, II.,
264.

Stanton, E. M.: L, 40, 42, 104; IV.,
200, 202; V., 100; war secretary,
V., 100, 130, 228, 278; VI., 16S;
VIL, 304, 347, 34S; VIIL, 24;
frauds in clothing stopped by,
VIIL, 54; frauds of contractors
stopped by, VIIL, 84, 348; X.,
12; his opinion of Grant, X., 48.

Stanton, F. L., IX., 332.

Star of the West, U. S. S.: L, 165,
340; VI., 24, 308; sent to Surii-
ter's relief, VIIL, 00.

"Star Spangled Banner, The," L, 10.

Stark, P. B., X., 277.

Starke, W. E.: II., 03,05. 324; X.,
149.

Starkweather, J. C., X., 309.

Starr, S. H., IV., 88.

Sbirsanit Stripes, U. S. S., L, 350.

State Armory, Columbia, S. C., L,
33.

State Governments, uniforming
"three-months' men," VIIL, 54.

State University, Va., VIIL, 110.

Ktnte of Georgia, U. S. S., L, 302.

States: the quotas of, VIIL, 12;
enlistment from, VIIL, 102, 103,
141, 225, 251; of I'. S. troops
furnished by, X., 140.

Staunton, Va.: IIL, 17, 18; IV., 112.

Stearns, F., VIL, 282.

Stedman, E., IX., 24, 50, 59.

Stedman, G. A. Jr., X., 141.

Steedman, C., VL, 121.

Steedman, J. B.: II., 2SO, 287; IIL,
253; IX., 101 ;X., 125.

Steele, F.: II., 328, 343, 344; VL,
200, 270; IX., 247; X., 175, 170.

Steele, G. H., L, 353.

Steele, W., X., 313.

Steele's Bayou, Miss., II., 332.

Steele's battalion, I'nion, L, 350.

Steger, Mrs. T. M., X., 2.

Stegman, Captain, VIL, 181.

Stegman,L.H.:VII.,lHl,289;X.,25.

Stephens, A. H.: VL, 28; recol
lections of, VL, 28; VIL, 52, 122;
X., 13.

Stephenson, J. A., VL, 192.

Sternberg, G. M., VIL, 224.

Sterritt, S., VIL, 139.

Steuart, G. H.: IIL, 04, 70, 320;
VIIL, 103; X., 107.

Stevens, A. A., VIL, 00, 71.

Stevens, C. H., X., 155.

Stevens, H. C., VL, 220, 310.

Stevens, I. L: L, 355; II., 54, 322,
329; X., 181.

Stevens, J., VL, 130, 138.

Steven^ T. F., VL, 312.

Stevens, T. H., II., 342; VL, 320.

Stevens, W. H., V., 257; X., 313.

Stevens, Fort, D. C. (see also Fort
Stevens, D. C.), L, 66.

Stevensburg, Va., II., 350.

Stevens' Gap, Tenn., II., 277, 279.

Stevenson, C. L.: L, 300; II., 293,
302, 334; X., 260, 321.

Stevenson, J. D., X., 217.

Stevenson, T. G., X., 135.

Stevenson, Ala.: depot at, II., 167;
Fort Barker at, II., 167, 272, 274
275, 277; railway station at, III.,
255; Alabama House at, IX., 99.

Stevenson depot, Va., IIL, 320.

Stewart, A. P.: II., 282, 318; IIL,
132; VIIL, 191; X., 249, 270.

Stewart, A. T., L, 38.

Stewart, C., VIIL, 191.

Stewart, T. J., X., 290.

Stewart, W. II., VIIL, 191.

Stimers, A. C., VL, 170.

Stockard, H. J., IX., 270 279

St odder, L. N., VL, 170.

Stoeckel, Baron de, VL, 25.

Stone, C. P.: V., 80 seq.; depart
ment clerks organize for defense,
under, VIIL, 70; X., 213.

Stone, D., V., 280.

Stone, H.: Statistical tables of or
ganizations in Union service bv,
X., 150.

Stone, .1. F., VIL, 125.

Stone, H., X., 303.

Stone Bridge, Bull Hun, "\a.: L,

139 seq., 152 seq., 154, 162.
Stone church, Centreville, Va.: L,

149 seo.; VII., 257.
"Stone Fleet," Second, U. S., VI. ,

Stoneman, G.: L, 129, 200, 281, 293,
308; II., 108, 110; and stuff, II.,
Ill, 328, 334; III., 20, 105, 318,
328, 340, 344; IV., 2!, 75. 80, 120,
122, 195, 287 seq., 320; VIL, 92;
VIIL, 373 ;X., 194.

Stoneman'a Station, stores at, VIIL,
39.

Stone's Ferry, Ala., IIL, 326.

Stone's River, Tenn. (see also Mur-
freesboro, Tenn.): L, 207, 307;
II., 9, 101; midwinter combat
at, II., 101-178; battleground
and battle lines at, II., 168,
170 ; Union and Confederate
plant at, II., 170, 172; victory at,
claimed by North and South, II.,
178; Union and Confederate
losses at, II., 178, 328; IIL, 211;
IV., 241, 254, 203; Federal artil
lery at, V., 40, 200; losses at, X.,
142.

Stonewall, C. S. S.: VI., 20, 295, 297,
298, 299, 322.

StonewiillJuekson, C. S. S., VL, 192,
198.

"'Stonewall' Jackson's Way," J.
W. Palmer, IX., 24, 80.

Stoney, T., VL, 207.

Stono Inlet, S. C., Confederate
pickets at, VIIL, 131.

Stono River, S. C., VL, 57, 310, 320.

Stony Creek, Va., scene near, IX.,
243.

Stony Creek Station, Va., IIL, 340.

Storey, M., IX., 303.

Storrs, R. S., IX., 334.

"Story of Civil War, The," John C.
Ropes, quoted, L, 282 .•«'</.

Stoughton, E. H.: II., 330; IV., 107,
171, 178; X., 307.

Stout, S. H.: VIL, 250, 284, 280 seq.,
351.

Stovall, M. A..X., 265.

Strahl, 0. F., IIL, 310; X., 157.

Strasburg, Va.: L, 308, 304; IIL,
328, 332; IV., 102.

Strategy: its meaning, past and
present, L, 112; of the Civil War.
L, 112-130; of the war as af
fected by natural features of
river, mountain, etc., L, 110.

Stratton, E., IV., 329.

Strawberry Plains, Knoxville,
Tenn.: bridge at, II., 339; IIL,
328.

Streights, A. D.: raids of, II., 332;
IV., 34, 280, 282; after escape of,
from Libby Prison, VIL, 145.

Stribling, C. K., VL, 120.

"Strikers" at headquarters, VIIL,

.. J8?'

"Stringer" track, repairing of, near

Murfreesboro, Tenn., II., 175.

Stringham, S. H., VL, 100 seq., 102,
115, 118, 209, 310.

Strong, G. C., X., 135.

Strong, H. C., VIL, 63.

Strong,,!. H., VL, 251, 252.

Strother, D. II., X., 311.

"Struggle, the end of the," IX., 230
seq,

Stuart, D., IIL, 34, 52, 02, 318.

Stuart, G. II., VIL, 17.

Stuart, .1. 10. B.: L, 208, 293, 314,
302, 300, 308; II., 38; raid on the
Union army by, II., 39, 42, 52,
53, 124, 220, 240 seq., 250, 320,
322, 324, 328, 332, 334, 330, 340,
342, 344, 340; IIL, 02, 320; IV.,
11, 10, 20, 21, 24, 29, 32, 34, 30,
38, 41, 43, 53, 71, 74, 75, 70, 77,
78, 79, 80, 82, 83, 85, 80, 88, 89,
92, 93, 90, 100, 100, 108: grave
of, IV., 109 seq., 110, 120, 124;
death of, at Yellow Tavern, Va.,
IV., 125, 127, 171, 193. 213, 220,
234, 230, 240, 202, 203, 265 sen.,
200 xrq., 208, 324; V., 37; VIL,
195; cavalry of, reviewed by
Gen'l Lee, VIIL, 124, 196, 240,
254, 295, 319; IX., 83, 85; X., 02,
145, 252.

Stumbaugh, F. S., X., 291.

Sturges, H. L., VL, 312.

Sturges Rifle Corps, Chicago, 111.,

SWAMP ANGEL

Sturgis, S. I).: II., 81, 348; IIL, 124.

Sturgis, T., VIL, 18.

Submarines: origin of, in Civil War,
VL, 200, 207; first Confederate,
VL, 274.

Subsistence, expenditures for, VIIL,
40.

"Such is the Death the Soldier
Dies," R. B. Wilson, IX., 70.

Sudley Church, Va., L, 155.

Sudley Ford, Va.: L, 141, 152, 154,
157; II., 51.

Sudley Road, Va., L, 154.

Sudley Spring, Va., II., 40.

Sudley Sulphur Spring House, Va.,
L, 155.

Suffolk, Va.: siege cf, II., 332, 334.

Sugar Creek, Ark., L, 358.

Sugar Loaf, Md., VIIL, 319, 324.

Sullivan, ,)., VL, 207.

Sullivan. J. C.: II., 154; IIL, 324;
X., 203.

Sullivan's Island, Charleston Har
bor, S. C. : L, 103, 105; the wreck of
the " Colt " at, VL, 106, 140, 179;
Confederate officers at, VIII., 115.

Sulphur and saltpeter: lack of, in
North, V., 144.

Sulphur Springs, W. Va.: II., 19;
skirmish at, II., 322; bridge at,
IIL, 328.

Sultana, U. S. S., L, 108 seq.

Summerville. W. Va. (see also
Cross Lanes, Va.), L, 350.

Summit Point, Va., IIL, 330.

Simmer, C.: IX., 28, 301, 303, 305;
eulogy on, by L. Q. C. Lanmr,
IX., 29, 292 seq.; X., 50.

Sunnier, E. V.: L, 200, 208, 294;
at New Kent Court House, Va.,
I. ,297 seq., 323, 327, 330, 332, 308;
II., 53, 01, 05, 07, 08 seq., 81, 83,
84, 80, 92, 94, 97, 100, 324, 328;
batteries of, V., 30, 38; X., 179,
188.

Simmer, G. W., VI. , 205.

Sunnier, "Sam," VIIL, 192.

Simmer, "Win," VIIL, 192.

Stimter, Fort, S. C. (nee also Fort
Sumter, S. C'.): L, 4, 156, 170,
340, 349.

Sumter, S. C.: L, 165 seq.; V., 151;
VIIL, 347; " Terre Plein of the
Gorge" at, IX., 40.

Sumler, C. S. S.: L, 238, 240; VL,
SO, 122, 125, 293, 308.

Sumter, U. S. S.: L, 237; II., 198;
VL, 224.

Supplies: difficulties encountered in
obtaining, VIIL, 30, 32; U. S.
army, VIIL, 32; for the Army of
West, VIIL, 34; White House,
VIIL, 39; at City Point, Va.,
VIIL, 39; Tennessee River, VIIL,
39.

Supply departments, VIIL, 44.

Supply wagons, VIIL, 53.

Surgeons: of the Civil War, neutral
ity of, in the treatment of sick
and wounded, VIL, 13; supplies
of, at Washington, D. C., VIL,
213; number killed and wounded,
while on duty, VIL, 217; their
work, VIL, 218; of the Union
army, VIL, 221; neutral status of,
recognized, VIL, 228; field com
panion, VIL, 230; in the field,
VIL, 251 255; working amidst
bursting shells, VIL, 257; with
the navy, VIL, 317-320; regi
mental, VIL, 340; acting assistant,
VIL, 340; acting staff, VIL, 340;
assistant surgeons, VIL, 340.

Surgical methods: crude and dan
gerous to life and limb, VIL, ?53;
in the operation field, VIL, 252,
253; operations, high mortality
attendant upon, VIL, 255.

Surratt, J. II., VIL, 207.

Surratt, M. E., VIL, 205.

Surrender: terms of, as accepted by
Lee, IIL, 310, 312.

' 'Survival of the fittest," II., 135.

Suspension of writ of habeas corpus:
most conspicuous arrest made
under, VIL, 195.

Suxquefianna, U. S. S.: IIL, 342;
VL, 100, 125, 209.

Sutherland. C., VIL, 224.

Sutlers: tent of. VIIL, 247: stores of,
IX., 186, 187.

"Swamp Angel": Federal battery,
prominent in the bombardment
of Charleston, S. C., V., IK);
most famous gun in the Civil

[354]

SWAMP ANGEL

INDEX

TIGRESS

" Swamp Angel " — Continued.

war, V., 116; famousgun to enforce

evacuation of FortSumter,IX.,51.
"Swanee Ribber," S. C. Foster, IX.,

346.

Swayne, W., X., 85.
Sweeny, T. W.: II., 152; X., 91.
Sweitz'er, N. B., I., 357.
Swift, E.: I., 7, 9, 112; IV., 276.
Swift Creek or Arrowfield Church,

Va.. battle at, III., 320.
Swift Run Gap, Va., L, 310.
Swinburne, A. C.: quoted, on Walt

Whitman, IX., 24.
Swinton, W., L, 258.
Switzerland, U. S. S., VI., 151, 318.
Switzler Mills, Mo., II., 320.
Sycamore Church, Va.: III., 332;

IV., 110.

Sycamore Ford, Va.: I., 316; IV., 85.
Sydnor, E. G., VIII., 113.
Sykes, G.: L, 51, 285; II., 110, 252,

'340; X., 183, 200.
Svlvan Grove, Ga., III., 338.
Symonds, H. C., V., 21.
Szymanski, I., VII., 112.

Tacony, C. S. S.: captured, VI., 292,
294,' 318; VII., 123.

Tacony, U. S. S., III., 342.

Taft, William Howard, President of
the United States: I., 7, 9, 11; his
foreword to a semi-Centennial re
trospect, I., 12, 18; X., 138.

Taggart, Dr., L, 17!).

Tahoma, U. S. S., VI., 314.

Talcott, T. M. R., V., 108, 256,
304; X., 27.

Taliaferro, W. B.: II., 41, 342; III.,
326; X., 105.

Tallahassee, Fla., III., 346.

Tallahassee, C. S. S., VI., 298.

Tallahatchie, Miss., II., 206.

Tallahatchie River, Miss., VI., 208.

Talmage, T. DeW., IX., 304, 310.

Talty's Fifers and Drummers.
Vill., 235.

Tammany Hall, N. Y. City: contri
butions to Union cause, VIII., 104

Tanner, J., X., 296.

Tappan, J. C., X., 257.

"Tasting the soup," VIII., 83.

Tattnail, J.: I., 354; VI., 87, 156,
157, 182, 270.

Taylor, "Dick," III., 316.

Taylor, E., L, 248.

Taylor, G. W.: II., 43, 322; scene
of death, IX., 75; X., 137.

Taylor, J. C., I., 52.

Taylor, J. H., I., 297.

Taylor. J. T., I., 248.

Taylor, N., X., 227.

Taylor, P. A., VIII., 327.

Taylor, R.: I., 74; II., 331, 332, 336,
340, 342, 350, 352; III., 318, 346;
IV., 102, 227; VII., 50, 242, 349;
IX., 246, 247, 285: X., 249, 274.

Taylor, R. S., IX., 350.

Taylor, S. W., X., 161.

Taylor, T. H., X., 267.

Taylor, W.: with Gen'l Lee and his
son G. W. C. Lee, I., 83; X., 63, 67.

Taylor, W. H. H., I., 248.

Taylor, Z.: I., 174, 196; IX., 285.

Taylor (a planter), III., 176.

Taylor Bridge, Va.: redoubt at,
III., 69, 71, 74, 76, 77, 322.

Taylor Ridge, Ga., II., 346.

Tazewell, Tenn., II., 348.

Teague, G. H., VIII., 135.

Teaser, C. S. S.: VI., 146, 162, 314;
32-pounder of, VI., 77; after cap
ture, VI., 79.

Teaser, U. S. S., VI., 77.

Tebault, C. H.: quoted, VII., 292.

Tebault, H., VII., 249.

Tecumseh, Chief, IV., 22.

Tecumseh., U. S. S.: VI., 131, 252,
322; IX., 107.

Tool's battery, Confederate, I., 35S,
360.

Telegraph Road, Va.: II., 81; III.,
71; V., 260.

Telegraph Service (see also U. S.
Military Telegraph Service) : dur
ing the war, V., 290 seq. ; opera
tors, V., 290; service in the field,
VIII., 322; for the armies, VIII.,
341 seq. ; casualties among opera
tors, VIII., 342, 343, 360; tent at
Yorktown, Va., VIII., 343; tents
or stations used, VIII., 343, 345,
351; non-military status of opera-

[2o ED.]

tors, VIII., 344, 354, 364; opera
tors after Gettysburg battle,
VIII., 345; office at War Depart
ment, VIII., 346; censorship,
VIII., 346; bombproof before
Sumter, VIII., 347; stringing
wires in the field, VIII., 349;
despatch in cipher, VIII., 350;
service usefulness, instances of,
VIII., 351, 353, 356, 357, 368; mili
tary use of, first adopted, VIII.,
352, 355; cipher messages inter
cepted and translated by oppo
nents, VIII., 352, 362; battery-
wagon near Petersburg, Va.,
VIII., 353; battery wagons,
VIII., 353, 355; bureau, estab
lishment of, VIII., 354; field
headquarters, Petersburg, Va.,
VIII.," 355; before Petersburg,
VIII., 357, 359, 361, 363, 364;
office in a trench, VIII., 365; con
struction wagon train, VIII., 367;
field service, extent of, VIII., 368;
balloon used in, VIII., 380, 381.

Templin, W., VII., 147.

Ten Islands, Ala., III., 326.

Tennallytown, D. C., V., 94.

Tennessee: I., 178-193: Union forces
advancing into, I. ,212; bridge over
Elk River, I., 213; western part
of state and portions of Missis
sippi unfavorable to army move
ments, II., 142; Army of, II.,
168; Confederate raids in, II.,
168; Department of, II., 296, 321 ;
Federal supply centre in, III.,
253; destruction of saltpeter
works in, in 1863, IV., 157; ruins
of saltpeter works in, IV., 157
seq.; copper mines of, V., 166;
army roads of, in north, VIII., 36;
defense of, X., 92.

Tennessee troops, Confederate:

Artillery: First, I., 356; Camp
A, V., 65.

Cavalry: First, I., 358; II., 342,
344; Ninth, VII., 21; Forrest's,
I., 356.

Infantry: First, VII., 272;
IX., 311; X., 156; Second, I., 250,
354; X., 156; Third, I., 350, 358;
Fourth, X., 156; Eighth, losses at
Stone's River, Tenn., X., 158;
losses at Chirkamauga, Ga., X.,
158; Ninth, I., 358; Tenth, I.,
356, 358; VII., 272; Twelfth, I.,
354; losses at Stone's River,
Tenn., X., 158; Thirteenth, I.,
354; Fifteenth, I., 354; VII., 272;
Sixteenth, losses at Stone's River,
Tenn., X., 158; Seventeenth, I.,
356; Eighteenth, I., 358; Nine
teenth, I., 356; Twentieth, I.,
356; VII., 256; Twenty-first, I.,
354; Twenty-second, I., 354;
Twenty-fifth, I., 356; Twenty-
sixth, I., 358; Twenty-seventh,
losses at Shiloh, Tenn., X., 158;
losses at Chaplin Hills, Ky., X.,
158; Twenty-eighth, I., 356;
Twenty-ninth, I., 356; Thirtieth,
I., 358; Forty-second, I., 358;
Forty-fourth, IX., 311; Forty-
sixth, I., 358; Forty-eighth, L,
356, 358; Forty-ninth, I., 358;
Fiftieth, I., 358; Fifty-first, I.,
356; Fifty-third, I., 358; Fifty-
fifth, I., 358; One Hundred and
Fifty-fourth, I., 354.

Tennessee troops, Union:

Cavalry: First, II., 332; Second,
II., 328, 332; "mounted infan
try," II., 346; Third, III., 332;
Fourth, III., 326; Fifth, II., 326;
Seventh, II., 350; Eighth, III.,
338; Ninth, III., 338; Eleventh,
II., 348; Thirteenth, III., 338.

Infantry: First, III., 32S, 330;
Second, Company E, I., 358; II.,
336; Third, Hank's Battalion, II.,
322; Fourth, II., 344; III., 328,
330; Seventh, II., 328; Ninth,
III., 330; "Tenth Legion,"
Pickett's Division, II., 261;
Thirteenth, III., 330.

Tennessee, C. S. S.: IV., 139; VI., 131,
247, 249,251, 256, 322; IX., 107.

Tennessee Mountains, camp in,
IV., 112.

Tennessee River, Tenn., Miss., and
Ky.: I., 198; boats on, I..203; along
the banks of, II., 10; activities on,
II., 139, 244 seq.; at Bridgeport,
II., 269 seq.; crossing of, II.,

274 seq.; railroad bridge over, at
Bridgeport, Ala., II., 275; along
the, II., 289 seq.; gorge in Rac
coon Mountains, II., 310; Federal
transports in, II., 313; block
house on, IV., 129; Federal com
missary camp on, IV., 141; long
truss bridge across, V., 292; army
boats on the, V., 293; along the,
VI., 69, 209, 233, 318; supplies
received by, and on, VIII., 39;
along the, IX., 95, 101; activity
on, in war times, IX., 99.

"Tenting on the Old Camp
Ground," W. Kittridge, IX., 348.

Tents: used to shelter Confederate
prisoners, VII., 63; ' 'for the over
flow," VII., 261; "Sibley,"
"Wall "and "A " types of, VIII.,
39; used by moving armies, VIII.,
165; used in garrison at Charles
ton, S. C., VIII., 167.

Terre Plein of the Gorge, Sumter,
S. C., IX., 40.

Terrell, J. B., X., 319.

Terrell, J. J., VII., 292.

Terrill, W. R.: II., 326; X., 137.

Terry, A. H.: III.,327; V.,269; VI.,
238,248, 257, 259; X.,187,210, 212.

Terry "Dave," IX., 345.

Terry, E., II., 219; naval battery of,
IL, 221.

Terry, W., X., 321.

Terry's Texas Rangers, Confeder
ate, I., 354.

Texas: military control of, I., 94;
Law's brigade, I., 342; Hood's
brigade of, I., 342, 362; secedes,
I., 346; Coopwood's scouts, Con
federate, I., 352; Terry's rangers,
Confederates, I., 354, 362; Ross'
rangers, Confederates, I., 358;
Hood's brigade, Confederate,
II., 48, 141; rangers, II., 320;
brigade, II., 328; VI., 316; U. S.
regulars in, VIII., 70; troops of,
in the Army of Northern Vir
ginia, VIII. ,'129.

Texas troops, Confederate:

Cavalry: Second, I., 358, 360,
Third, I., 358; II., 350; Fourth,
L, 358, 360; Fifth, I., 358, 360;
Sixth, I., 358; Seventh, I., 358,
360; Ninth, II., 350; Eleventh,
I., 358.

Infantry: First, losses at An-
tietam, Md., Confederate, X.,
158; Third (dismounted cavalry),
X.,156; Fourth, I., 328,342; losses
at Antietam, Md., X., 158; Fifth,
X., 156; Seventh, losses at Ray
mond, Miss., X., 158.

Texas troops: Union:

Cavalry: Second, III., 346.

Thatcher, H. K., VI., 120, 260, 276,
322.

Thayer, J. M., X., 221.

"The Aged Stranger," F. Bret
Harte, IX., 35, 182.

"The Alabama," E. King and F. W.
Rasier, IX., 345.

"The Battle Cry of Freedom," G.
F. Root, IX., 342.

' 'The Bivouac in the Snow," M. J.
Preston, IX., 132.

"The Blue and the Gray," F. M.
Finch, IX., 28, 270.

"The Bonny Blue Flag," H. Ma-
carthy, IX., 343.

"The Campaign of Chancellors-
ville," John Bigelow, quoted, II.,
106.

"The Conquered Banner," A. J.
Ryan, IX., 238.

' 'The Daughter of the Regiment"
(Fifth Rhode Island Regiment),
Clinton Scollard, IX., 68.

"The Dying Words of Stonewall
Jackson," Sidney Lanier, IX., 90.

' 'The Eulogy of Sumner," L. Q. C.
Lamar, IX., 292.

"The Faded Coat of Blue," J. H.
McNaughton, IX., 349.

"The Fancy Shot" (see "Civil
War" poem), IX., 202.

' 'The Feminine Touch at the Hos
pital," VII., 267.

"The General's Death," J. O'Con
nor, IX., 74.

" The Girl I Left Behind Me," S.
Lover, IX., 349.

"The High Tide at Gettysburg,"
W. H. Thornpson, IX., 214.

"The Mississippi Valley in the
Civil War," J. Fiske, II., 166.

"The New South," H. W. Grady,
IX., 304.

"The Picket Guard" ("All Quiet
along the Potomac "),E. L. Beers,
IX., 142.

"The Prayer of Twenty Millions,"
Greeley's famous letter, II., 31.

"The Pride of Battery B," F. H.
Gassaway, IX., 189, 190, 196, 201.

"The Psalm of the West," Sidney
^Lanier, IX., 284.

"The Southern Marseillaise," A. E.
Blackmar, IX., 343.

"The Southern Soldier Boy," G. W.
Armstrong, IX., 346.

"The Story of the Civil War," by
John C. Ropes, quoted, I., 282. '

"The Tournament," Sidney Lanier,
IX., 25, 30, 284, 285.

" The Voice of the South," IX., 290.

"The Volunteer," E. J. Cutler, IX.,
76.

"The Volunteer," illustration for,
IX., 78, 79.

The Webb, C. S. S., II., 330.

"The Year of Jubilee," H. C.
( Work, IX., 178, 183.

"The Zouaves," J. H. Wainwright,
IX., 346.

Theobold, F., I., 179,

Thermopyla?, L, 17, 30.

Thoburn, ,)., III., 338.

Thomas, A., X., 271.

Thomas, "Bill" I., 179.

Thomas, B. M., X., 265.

Thomas, C., X., 288.

Thomas, E. L., X., 111.

Thomas, G., X., 288.

Thomas, G. H.: I., 134, 180, 182;
II., 144, 155, 170, 174, 274 seq.,
288, 290; headquarters of, at
Chattanooga, Tenn., II., 291,
296, 301, 328, 330, 344, 346; III.,
101, 106; headquarters at Ring-
gold, Ga., III., 107, 108; head
quarters at Marietta, Ga., III.,
119, 130, 132, 218, 220, 228, 248,
249, 251, 252, 259, 263 seq., 264,
269, 270, 318, 320, 322, 326; IV.,
136, 155, 256, 314; V., 48, 50, 69,
208, 216, 251, 254; VII., 37,214,
233; VIII., 192, 196, 207, 210,
238, 252, 358; IX., 98, 99, 101,
103, 115, 266; X., 19, 122, 171,
172.

Thomas, L., VII., 102, 104, 105; X.,
197.

Thomas, S., X., 307.

Thomas, Mr., at Cairo post-office,
I., 179.

"Thomas at Chickamauga," Kate
B. Sherwood, IX., 98.

Thomas Freeborn, U. S. S. (see also
Freeborn, U. S S.), VI., 96.

Thompson, C. R., X., 19.

Thompson, D. L., II., 67.

Thompson, E., VI., 218.

Thompson, H.: VII., 19, 18, 24, 54,
98, 124, 138, 156 seq., 8 , 328

Thompson, J., VIII., 294, 300.
Thompson, J. L., X., 219.
Thompson, J. M., IX., 53, 54.
Thompson, J. R.: "Music in Camp,"

by, IX., 26, 86, 193, 194, 197.
Thompson, M. J., VII., 21.
Thompson, T. H., VII., 63.
Thompson, W. H.: "High Tide at

Gettysburg," IX., 22,214, 215,219.
Thompson Station, Tenn., II., 330.
Thornburg, Va. (see also Mata-

pony, Va.) : II., 320.
Thome, U. S. S., VI., 322.
Thornton, G. B., VII., 246.
Thornton Gap, Va., II., 28.
Thornton's House, Bull Run, Va.,

I., 155.
Thoroughfare Gap, Va., II., 39,

44, 46.
"Those Rebel Flags," J. H. Jewette,

IX., 330.
Three Top Mountain, Va.: III.,

156, 162, Confederate signals

intercepted at, VIII., 326.
Thurston, C. W., VII., 139.
Thurston, G. P.: I., 14; III., 107.
Ticknor, F. O., IX., 22, 64.
Ticonderoija, U. S. S., III., 342.
Tidball, J. C.: I., 285 .«•<•/.; near Fair

Oaks, Va., I., 287, 364; III., 76,

282; IV., 231.
"Tiger Lilies," S. Lanier, VII., 124;

IX., 184.

T-inress, U. S. S., Gen'l Grant's head
quarters transferred to, I., 203.

[353]

TILGHMAX

INDEX

UNITED STATES ARMY

Tilghman, L.: L, 182, 184. IS.".. 191

sea.: IL, 334: VI., 216; X., 151.
Timby, T. H.. VI., 138.
Times. London: quoted, VI., 3S; IX.,

126.
Timrod, H., IX., 27, 48, 49, 51, 274,

277.

Tindvd. U. S. S. : VI., 232: VIL, 320.
Tin-did \<>. S, {'. S. S.. II., 131.
Tinclacl.i. U. S. N".: typical example

of, I., 245; fleet of , organized, VI.,

08; requirements of, VI. 02: type<

of. VI., 205, 20S; VI., 708, Til,

223, 230, 232, 233.
Tinker, C. A., VIII., 340 sro.
Tiptonville. Tenn.: L, 220: VI., 218.
Tiptonville Road. Tenn , L, 224.
Tishornineo Hotel, Corinth, Miss.,

IL, 138.

"To Canaan," S. C. Foster, DC.,347.
"To the South, "J. M. Thompson,

DC., .52.
Tobacco-factories: use of, for pris

ons in Richmond, VIL, 38.
Tobey, E. S., VIL, 17.
Todd", C. (}., VIL, 272.
Todd, J. B. S., X.. 197.
Todds Tavern, Va.: III., 54, 320;

IV., 41.

Tombs, C. S.. VI., 2(17.
Tomlinson, .1. A.. VIL, 21.
Tompkins. C. H.: V., 49; VIL, 20!);

x., 225.

Tompkins, L., L, 353.
Tompkins, Sally L.: established
hospital in Richmond, Va., VII.
290.

Tompkinsville, Ky., L, 308.
TonVs Brook, Va., III., 100; IV., 251.
Tom's Brook Crossing, Va., IV., 250.
Tools: used by prisoners in effecting
escapes from prisons, VIL, 14_',
144.

Toomhs, R.: IL, 71; most notable
single event in the life of, IL, 74
*cq., 32 1: V., 0-5; X., 2«3.
Toon, T. F., X., 2S1.
Torbert, A. T. A.: III., 15C, 158;
and staff, III., 167 srq., 322, 324,
328, 330, 332, 338.; IV., 41, 128,
203, 245, 247, 251 .<<•</. ; X., 95, 23 v
Torpedoes: removing powder from
Confederate, V., 185, 294: in
troduced in Civil War, VI., 9s,
266, 267; use against ironclads,
VI., 143; vessels sunkby, VI., 147,
236, 252, 260, 276; Confederate,
in Mobile Bay, VI., 193, 247,
250, 251, 260; Federal use of,
VI., 240, 276; Confederate, in
OsHoban Sound, VL, 241; first
victim of, VL, 200; Confederate,
in Charleston Harbor, VL, 274,
276; protection against, VL, 319.
Torrence, E., X., 296.
Totopotomoy, Va., III., 78.
Totopotomoy Creek, Va., III., 322.
Totten's battery. L'nion, L, 350.
Toucey, I., VL, 50.
' 'Tournament, The," Sidney Lanier,

IX., 25. 30, 284, 285.
Tours, the battle of, I., 3!).
Town Creek, N. C., III., 342.
Townsend, E. IX, L, 170.
Townscnd, J. H., VL, S3.
Townsend, Mary, DC., 270.
Toy. C. H., VIIL, 110, 115.
Trabui, O. W., V., 65.
Tracy, B. F., VIL, 65.
Tracy, E. D., X., 151.
Tracy, W. G., IL, 334.
"Tramp Trarnp Tramp," IX., 235.
Trans-Mississippi Army, X., 274.
Transport wagon train. III., 31.
Transportation of wounded: means
employed for, VIL, 302; of
Federal sick and wounded: VIL,
302-316; over long distances,
means not provided for, VIL, 304 ;
important letter showing inade
quacy of, VIL, 304, 306; of
wounded after August 2, 1862,
great improvement in, VIL, 306,
308; act of Congress, 1864, in re
gard to ambulance service for
VIL, 310.

Transports: I". S.army.sunkoff Don-
aldsonyille,La.,I.,250;on th- Mis
sissippi, II. , 182; ocean liners used
as. VIIL, 39. 45; steamers. VIII.,
43; on the Tennessee, VIIL, 45.
Tranter's C'reek, N. C'., L, 300
Trapier, .1. H., X., 283.
"Traveller": Lee's horse. IV., 29S;

describedbyGen.Lee,IX,.120,m.

[2o ED.]

Travers. T. B.. VIL, 123.
Traverses: at Fort Fisher, X. C.,
VI. , 255.

Trawick, W. B., VIL, 147.
Tredegar Iron Works, Richmond,
Va. (see also all under Rich
mond, Va.): V., 191, 307, 317;
VL, 76; ruins of, VIIL, 133.
Trenchard, S. D., VL, 113.
Trent, W. P.: DC., 7, 1 1 seq.; quoted,

IX., 3S:X., 7, 28, 52-74.
Trent, H. M. S.: L, 354; VL, 291,

310.
Trent's Reach, Va.: L, 119; III., 97;

V., 243; VL, 265.

Trevilian Station, Va.: III., 198,
324; IV., 23, 108,110, 128; X., 284.
Trezevant, J. T., V., 170.
Tribble, A., IV., 154.
Trimble, I. R.: L, 306; IL, 29, 44;

X., 105.

Trimble, H. M., X., 284, 296.
Trinity, Ala., L, 368.
Trinity College, Hartford, Conn.,

L, 17.

Trion, Ala., IV., 140.
Tripler, C. S., VIL, 219.
Triplett Bridge, Ky., IL, 336.
Tristram Shandy, C. S. S., VL, 273.
Tristram Shindy, U. S. S., III., 342.
Trobridge, N. C., VIL, 133.
Trogan, losses at. X., 140.
Troop, J., IV., 166.
Troops: furnished to Union Army

by States, X., 146.
Trostle farm, Pa., IL, 238.
Trostle's house, Gettysburg, Pa.:
Sickles' headquarters at, IL, 247.
Troy: ancient wars of, outlined, I.,

30.

Trumbull. T. S., III., 186.
Tucker, H. J., DC., 217.
Tucker, J. R., VL, 102; VIL, 210.
Tucker, J. T., VIL, 20.
Tucker, W. F., X., 275.
Tulane University, New Orleans,

La., VIL, 352.
Tulip, V. S. S., VL, 322.
Tullahoma, Tenn.: IL, 178, 340;

V., 48; DC., 99.
Tunnel Hill, Ga.: IL, 348, 350;

III., 107, 318.

Tunneling: a means of escape often

resorted to by prisoners of the

war, VIL, 14(>; 142, 143, 145, 147.

Tunstall's Station, Va.: L, 51, 316,

300; IV., 75, 121.
Tupelo, Miss.: III., 128, 320; IV.,

132, 134; ruins of, IV., 137 seq.
Turchin, J. B., X., 91.
Turkey Hill, Va., L, 342, 343.
Turner, H. E., L, 295.
Turner, J. W., X., 201.
Turner, R., VIL, 00, 94, 180.
Turner, T. P., VIL, 57, 00, 01, 94,

180.
Turner and Crampton Gap, Md.,

IL, 324.
Turner's cavalrv, Confederate, I.,

3.54.

Turner's Gap, Md., IL, 00.
Turrets: revolving, VI., 38, 107, 260;
Timby's patents for, VL, 138;
first test of, in battle, VL, 159,
161.
Tuscaloosa, Ala.: IV., 136, 140;

VIL, 38; prison at, VII., 78.
Tuscaloosa, C. S. S.: VL, 290.
Tuscarora, U. S. S.: III., 342; VL,

290, 293, 300.

Tuscumbia, Ala.: IL, 332; VIL, 145.
Tuscumbia, U. S. S., VL, 200.
Tuttle, ,1. M., X., 205.
Twigcs, D. E.: VIL, 20; X., 263.
Tybee Island, Savannah harbor,

Ga., VL, 310.
Tar;,,,,, I . S. S., IX., 95.
Tyler, I).: L, 13S, 150, 151 sea.,

151, 154, 16:i; X., 197.
Tyler, E. M.: IL, 340; III., 05, 153;

X., 231 .

Tyler, R. C.: III., 340; X., 297.
Tyler, R. ()., X., 197.
Tvler, Gen'l, X., 19.
Tyler's Connecticut battery (see also

Connecticut battery): II., 87.
Tyler's heavy artillery division,

X., 119.

Tvler, Texas: prison at, VIL. 49, 51.
Tyler. U. S. S.: L, 189; flanking fire
on the Confederate troops, I. ,193,
195, 204. 205 *,•<,.. 223, 350, 35S
300,305.308; IL, 190, 19S, 31(1-
VI.. 214m/.. 224. 312, 310.
Tyson, surgeon, VIL, 220.

U

Uhlster, W. E., DC., 217.

Ullman, D., X., 227.

Unadilla, U. S. S.: IL, 330; III.,
342; men on the. VL, 271.

Underwood, Capt.,C. S. A., VII.,123.

Underwood's farm, Mo., L, 352.

L nderu-riter, U. S. S., VL, 320, 350.

Uniforms: of different States, U.S.
Army, VIIL, 78; variety of, VIIL,
78, 80, 95, 151, 159; Confederate
change, from gray to brown,
VIIL, 120; Confederate lack of,
VIIL, 139, 142, 151, 156-157,
159.

Union: the blockade by, as a means
of overpowering the South, L, 90,
92: plan of war, four main ob
jectives in, L, 90; forces and
losses of, during the war, L, 102;
supplies, ammunition, etc., cap
tured at Manassas by, IL, 41, 44;
troops, losses of, IL, 81; army re
lieved of its perilous situation,
IL, 290, 297, 299; campaign,
plans of, in April, 1804, by U. S.
Grant, III., 14, 15, 10; posses
sions, April, 18(54, III., 15, 10;
transports, organization and ef
ficiency of. III., 31, 33; canvas
pontoon boats in 1804, III., 121;
troops, gradual withdrawal of, to
other points from the capital,
III., 153; cavalry, its successful
operations in the "Valley" in
1804, III., 107; abundance ver
sus Southern starvation, III.,
182; recruits, city and country,
compared, III., '272, 273; and
Confederate armies, losses of, in
the war, III., 347; supplies, great
wealth of, August, 1802, IV., 95;
fleet steaming up the Alabama
River, IV., 138; blockhouses
along railroads as means of pro
tection to lines of communica
tion, IV., 149, 151; loss of sup
plies, estimation of, in the great
raid by General Wheeler, IV.,
104: ammunition-train, right of
way afforded to, IV., 210-217;
cavalry completely subordinated
to infantry in first half of war,
IV., 220; "ram flotilla, VL, 314;
surgeons-general and their work,
VIL, 347, 348; fleet bombarded
by Confederate battery, VIIL,
107; soldiers, 186.5, IX., 329;

Eercentage tab'es of losses in
attics, X., 124; armies, losses,
X., 148; army tabular statements
of, X., 150; army, regimental
casualties of, X., 152 seq. ; cas
ualties of regiments during entire
term of seivice, X., 154; reserves
on picket duty, X., 288, 289.

Union, London Co., Va., II., 320.

Union, U. S. S., VL, 308.

Union battery, No. 1, two miles
below Yorktown, Va., L, 269.

Union battery, No. 4, Yorktown,
Va.: L, 253, 255.

Union Church, Va. (see also Cross
Keys, Va.), L, 300.

Union City, Tenn., IL, 350.

Union Mills, Va.: L, 101; IL, 43-
O. & A. Railroad at, V., 283;
bridge at, V., 285; regimental
headquarters at, VIIL, 239.

Union Pacific Railroad, V., 72.

Union Square, New York City.N.Y.
great mass meeting at, X., 14.

Unionville, Tenn., IL, 330.

"United," by B. Sleed, IX., 190,
191.

United Confederate Veterans, L, 19.

Untied Ntates.V. S. S., VL, 19, 44, 54.

United States Army: artillery of, be
fore Chancellorsville, Va.', L, 58,
59; number mustered into, I., 102;
vital records of, L, 102; War De
part rnent.L, 102 seq.; fleet that fed
the army, L, 315; cavalry in the
Civil War as model for European
nations. IV.,10:record and pension
office, statistics of Confederate
prisoners, VIL, 43, 50; commis
sary-general of prisoners, VIL, 53;
commissary-general of prisoners,
office of, Washington, IX C'.. VIL,
83, 349; supplies of, in the East,
VIIL, 32; in the field, VIIL, 32;
supplies of, in West, VIIL, 32;

paint shop, VIIL, 40; trimming
shop, VIII., 40; field repair train,
VIIL, 40; repair shops, office of
VIIL, 40; wheelwright shop,
VIIL, 40; quartermaster's de
partment, responsibility of, VIIL,
44: transports, VIIL, 45; subsist
ence department, its responsibili
ties, VIIL, 40; Washington. I).
C., advantages in, transportation
service, VIIL, 40; wagons, VIIL,
47; quartermaster-general, effi
ciency of its railroad transporta
tion, VIIL, 48; government lum
ber yard, Washington, D. C.,
VIIL, 51; government clothing
of, VIII., 54; quartermaster's
department, Washington, D. C.,
uniforming men, VIIL, 54; War
Department, efficiency of, VIIL,
50; dishonest army contractors,
VIIL, 54, 50; preparations to
defend the capita], VIIL, 70;
organizing in the West, VIIL, 71 ;
military cadets drilling artillery
raw recruits, VIIL, 70; variety
of uniforms, VIIL, 78; various
gunners' uniforms, VIIL, 7.8;
frauds of contractors, VIIL,
84; quartermaster's department,
VIIL, 344 seq.; age of enlistment
in, VIIL, 190; summary of or
ganizations in, X., 150; casualties
of regiments, X., 154; roster of
general officers, X., 301.

Engineer Corps: bridge build
ing by, IL, 19; problems of. in
Civil War, V., 222; inception of,
V., 224; reorganization of, V.,
224; Company B, V., 225; com
position before 1801, V., 220; at
Harper's Ferry, Va., V., 228;
Peninsula campaign, V., 228;
topographical engineers before
Yorktown, Va., V., 229; Corps
of, V., 229, 232; at Antietam.
Md., V., 232; in Chancellorsville,
Va., campaign, V., 232; reorgani
zation of, V., 232; at work, V.,
233; at C'old Harbor and James
River, Va.. V., 240 ser,.; Com
pany D, in front of Petersburg,
Va., V., 247; Engineer Corps at
Arlington Heights, Va., VIIL, S!).

Artillery: I.,58,59; MeClellarfs
HorseArtillery brigade, officers of,
L, 287; Randolph's Battery, L,
354; Thompson's Battery, L, 354;
IL, 324; Regular, V., 18 seq.

First, Battery A, L, 352, 354;
Battery B, V., 151; Battery F, L,
354; Battery G, L, 80, 340; VIIL,
150; Battery L, L, 354; IL, 320.

Second, L, 348; V., 33; Battery
A, V., 33; Battery B. IL, 330;
Battery C, L, 354: Batterv D, L,
28/28,350, 302; II., 228; Batterv
E, I., 3.50; Company E (colored),
III., 328; Battery F, L, 350;
Battery F (colored), III., 324;
Battery F, V., 37; Battery G, L,
350; Company H, I., 352; Battery
II. L, 354: Battery K, L, 354;
Battery L, II., 330; Battery M,
L, 350.

Third, Gibson's Battery, L,
281; IL, 350; Batteries C and G,
V., 33; Battery C, VIL, 109;
Battery E, L, 348, 350, 300; II.,
320: V., 14.

Fourth, V., 14, 15; Battery E,
L, 300, 300: II. , 330; Battery G,
L, 352; Battery K, IL, 344.

Fifth, L, ,300: barracks of
Heavy Artillery (colored). II.,
205; 'IL, 350; V., 35, 38; VIIL,
193: Battery D, L, 350; V.,21;
Battery F, L, 304; Battery L,
IL, 336; Battery (colored), IL,
304: Battery L, IL, 330.

Eighth (colored), IL, 350.

Cavalry: First, L, 350; IV., 23
seq., 40, 47; X., 00; Second, Com
pany B, L, 348; IL, 330; IV., 32,
35, 40, 190, 213, 215, 242, 244,
337; X., .58; Third (colored,) IL,
348, 350; III., 342; IV., 40;
Fourth, L, 350; Fifth, L, 289,
IL, 330; (colored), III., 332: IV.,
47, 85; Company B, IV., 212,
220, 221 : officers of, IV., 223, 225,
22«l; Sixth. IL, 336; (colored),
III., 332: IV., 40, 47, 88, 243;
Eighth, L, 112.

Chasseurs: First, Union, L, 350.

[354]

UNITED STATES ARMY

INDEX

VOLUNTEERS

United States Army — Continued.

Dragoons: First, IV., 22, 23, 40,
244, 316; Second, IV., 22, 24, 46.
Mounted Rifles: Third, I., 350.
Infantry: First, I., 358; II., 332;
Second, I., 348, 350; VIII., 308;
Third, I., 348; Company C, I.,
352, 354: Company E, I., 352,
354; Fifth, I., 358; II., 332;
Seventh, I., 350, 358; Eighth,
Company A, I., 346, 348; c )1-
orcd, II., 350; Ninth (colored),
IX., 352; Tenth, I., 358; Eleventh
Camp of, at Alexandria, Ya.,
VIII., 222, 22.3; statistics of
losses, VIII., 223; Thirteenth,
X., Sli; colored, IV., 103; Four
teenth (colored), III., 338; Fif
teenth, I., 360; Eighteenth, II.,
32 1: X., 124; Twenty-sixth (col
ored), III., 340; Twenty-ninth
(c -lored), III., 202; Thirty-second,
340; Thirty-third (colored), III.,
310; Thirty-fourth (colored), III.,
3tO; Thirty-fifth (colored), III.,
340; Forty-fourth (colored). III.,
332; Forty-seventh (colored), II.,
348; Forty-ninth (colored), II.,
350; Fifty-fourth (colored), II.,
350; Fifty-fifth (colored), III.,
324; Fifty-ninth (colored), III.,
324; Sixtieth (olored), III., 328;
Sixty-first (colored), III., 330;
Sixty -second (colored), III.,
338,346; Seventy-ninth (colored),
352; III., 332; losses, X., 154;
Eighty-second (colored), III., 332;
Ninety-second (colored), officers
of, Vil., 117; One hundred and
second (colored), III., 340; One
hundred and sixth (colored), III.,
332; One hundred and tenth
(colored), III. ,332: One hundred
and fourteenth (colored). III.,
332; One hundred and twenty-
seventh (colored), VII., 65.

Sharpshooters: First, I., 364;
II. , 340; Second. III., 332.
I'nited States Christian Commis
sion: amount of money raised by,
VII., 17; meaning of organization,
VII., 17; work of, VII., 322 .sec,.;
office of, VII., 322, .323; head
quarters of the, in the field, 1804,
VIL, 337; distribution of supplies
ai White House, Va., VII., 342,
343, 344.

United *tates Coast Survey: V., 251.
United States General Hospital,

Jeftersonvillp, Ind., VII., 214.
United States Marine Corps: offi
cers and privates of, VI., <>8, 69.
United States Marine Hospital,

Evansville, Ind.: VII., 233.
United States Medical Department:
type of hospital recommended by,
VIL, 214, Army of the Cumber
land, medical directors of, VIL,
21(t, 218 **'</.; personnel of, before
the war, VIL, 220; reduction in
numbers of, at outbreak of war,
VIL, 220. 222, 236, 3 Hi seq.; medi
cal inspectors, VIL, 346.
United States Military Academy:

Class of 1860, VIII., 185.
United States Military Rail way Con
struction Corps: bureau of mili
tary railways, II., 125; V., 12.275,
277, 279, 381, 285, 287, 291, 295;
swift repair work of, V., 390, 301.
United States Military Telegraph
Service (see also Telegraph Ser
vice!: c mstruction corps, I., 41;
VIII., 342 seq., 349; stringing
win-s in the field, VIII., 349, 351;
City Point, Va., VIII., 359, 361;
in Richmond, Va., VIII., 363;
train in Richmond at last, VIII.,
367.

United States Navy (see also
Navy): VI., 32, 40; organization
of the, VI., 40 .seq., 90; first ex
pedition of the, VI., 92 seq.; sur
geons of, VIL, 318; signalmen,
VIII., 335.

I'nited States Sanitary Commis
sion (see also Sanitary Commis
sion): VIL, 17, 45, 68, 73, 134,
164, 171, 219; at Fredericksburg,
Ya., VIL, 268, 287, 205; work of,
VIL, 322 *«/.; central offic- of, in
Washington, I). C.,VII.,324, 325;
officers and nurses at Fredericks-
burg, Va., VIL, 32«; Belle Plain,
Va., supply wagons, VIL, 327;

origin and organization of, VII.,
328 seq. ; and other relief agencies,
VIL, 328-344; its origin, organiza
tion and scope, VIL, 328; nurses
of, VIL, 329; "Home" at Wash
ington, D. C., VIL, 331; receipts
of, from fairs held, VIL, 335,
336, 338; history of the, VIL, 347.

United States Signal Service
(see also Signal Service) : sig
nal corps officers, VIIL, 13, 305
tseq., 307 seq.; high mortality
rate in, VIIL, 307, 318, 328;
experts of, VIIL, 308, 309, 312
seq. : authorized, VIIL, 314;
organization of, VIIL, 314; com
manders of, VIIL, 314; head
quarters, VIIL, 317, 327; officers
of, VIIL, 327; officers, Army of
the Potomac, VIIL, 327; signal
ing from Meade's headquarters,
VIIL, 329: headquarters, Wash
ington, D. C., VIIL, 333; mus
tering out the corps, VIIL, 339.

Universality of relief established by
sanitary commission, VIL, 336.

Universe, U. S. S., the largest of the
Tennessee River fleet, I., 20.3.

University of Georgia, IX., 27,29,31.

University of Louisiana, X., 28, 84.

University of South Carolina, I., 14.

University of Yirginia, VIIL, 114.

University of Washington and Lee
(see also Washington and Lee
University), I., 17.

Upperville, Ya., II., 330.

Upton, E.: III., 57, 58, 60; IV., 138,
148; VIIL, 196; X., 130, 227.

Utah, Military District of, I., 197.

Yallandigham, C. L.: VIL, 202;
arrest and sentence of, VIL, 204.

"Valley Campaign": L, 305; pris
oners and supplies captured in,
IV., 252.

Valley City, U. S. S., L, 356.

Valley of Virginia, battle of, VIIL,
110.

Valley Railroad, Ya., V., 290.

Yalverde, Fort, N. Mex. (see also
Fort Yalverde, N. Mex.): L, 358.

Van Brunt, G. J., VI., 100, 125,
174, 176.

Van Burcn, W. H., VIL, 330.

Yan Cleve, H. P.: II., 174, 176, 284;
X., 219.

Yanderbilt, C.: VI., 309; IX., 297.

Vanderbilt, Captain, New York
Tenth Cavalry, quoted, IV., 20.

Ua«rferb(tt,U.S.S.:III.,342;VI.,309.

Yan Dervoort, P., X., 296.

Yandewater, J., X., 288.

Yan Dorn, E.: L, 200, 209, 250; II.,
143 seq., 183, 190, 200, 204, 324,
328, 330; IV., 49; capture, 116,
133, 263; V., 70; VI., 308; VIL,
28, 30, 233; X., 251. 270, 272.

Van Duzen, J. C., VIIL, 358 seq.

Yannerson, photographer: IX., 123;
X., 63.

Van Norman, L. E., L, 10.

Van Ransselaer, H., L, 170.

Van Sant, S. R., X., 296.

Yan Yalkenbergh, T. S., VIIL, 302.

Yan Valkenburgh, D. H., L, 295.

Yan Yinson, VIL, 125.

Yan Wyck, C. H.,X.,229.

Yaquin, E., VIIL, 169.

Yarnells Station, Ga., III., 320.

Vnruna, U. S. S., VI., 190, 191, 198.

Yaruna Landing, Ya.: pontoon
bridge at, IV., 189.

Yaughan, .). C.: III., 322; X., 299.

Vaughn, A. J., X., 299.

Yaughts Hill, Milton, Tenn., II., 332.

Yeatch, J. C.,X., 87.

Yeazy, W. G., X., 290.

Yenable, R. M., L, 105.

Venun, C. S. S., transport, IV., 163.

Yera Cruz, Mexico, VI., 45; X., 58.

Verandah House, Baton Rouge,
La., II., 134.

Vermont: population of, in 1860,
VIIL, 58; number of troops fur
nished, VIIL, 59; number of
troops lost, VIIL, 59; quota in
Civil War, VIIL, 65; uniform of
troops, VIIL, 78.

Vermont troops:

Artillery: First, Heavy, IX., 138.
Cavalry: First, IV.,' 104, 230,
232; Second, L, 348.

Infnntru: Vermont Brigade, X.,

117; Stannard's brigade, II., 264;
First Brigade, V., 31; Camp Grif
fin, near Washington, D. C., IX.,
138; Second, IX., 138; X., 124;
Third, L, 350, 360; IX., 138;
Fourth, L, 360; IX., 138; Fifth,
II., 336; IX., 138, 154; losses, X.,
154; Sixth, L, 360; near Wash
ington, D. C., VIIL, 57; I and D
Companies, VIIL, 64; before
Camp Griffin, Washington, D.C.,
VIIL, 65; IX., 138, 347; Seventh,
II., 320; III., 332; Eighth, II.,
330 ; losses, X., 1 52 ; Ninth, II., 324 ,
348; hospital of, at New Berne,
N. C., VIL, 231; IX., 157.
Vermont, U. S. S., VI., 127.

"Veterans of the war": return of,
to civilian life, III., 345; organi
zation of, X., 290.

Veterans, United Confederate (see
also United Confederate Veter
ans): L, 19; united Confederate
Veterans, constitution of, X., 298;
Confederates, reunion of, X., 300.

"Yibbard" engine, V., 287.

Vibbard draw of Long Bridge,
Washington, D. C., Federal En
gineers at, L, 131.

Vicksburg, Miss.: surrender of, I.,
68, 77 seq. ; Camp Fisk, Four
Mile bridge in, I., 108, 124 seq.,
126, 132, "182, 187, 223, 231, 249
seq., 305, 300. 308; II., 9, 134;
sieges of, II., 179, 181, 182,
183, 1S8; preliminary operations
around, by the combined forces
of Farragut, Porter and Williams,
II., 190; view of, taken under fire,
II., 193; courthouse at, II., 193;
preliminary operations against,
part of river steamers in, II., 194;
strong Confederate fortifications
around, II., 195; condition of
Union and Confederate forees,
etc., at siege of, II., 197; first plan
of U. S. Grant to take, a failure,
II., 200; work of undermining the
defenses around, II., 201; fall of,
on same date as the surrender of
Gettysburg (July 4, 1803), II.,
203; monument marking spot
where Grant and Pemberton met
to confer on surrender, II., 203;
two other projects by U. S.
Grant to take, and their failure,
II., 200; third project of U. S.
Grant to take, and its success,
II., 206; levee at, II., 207;
Union and Confederate losses at,
and at Fort Hudson, II., 220; fall
of, and of Fort Hudson, II., 220,
264, 294, 328; siege of, II., 334,
340, 341, 348; expedition from,
III., 326; IV., 49, 117, 130, 133,
175; V., 46; artillery, Federal in,
V., 46 seq.; losses at, V., 48; forti
fications around, V., 205; Con
federate works behind, V., 205;
water battery that defended,
V., 205; "Sap and Coonskin
Tower" at, V., 209, 210, 251, 254;
VI., 81, 114, 148, 149, 150, 195,
201, 200, 207, 209, 222, 227, 232,
314, 316, 318; VIL, 99, 102, 104,
112, 118; "Riding the Sawbuck "
at, VIL, 191; provost-marshal
guard house at, VIL, 191; Mc-
Pherson Hospital at, VIL, 233,
240; U. S. hospital boat Red
Rarer at, VIL, 307; VIIL, 29;
headquarters signal corps at,
VIIL, 325; capture of, VIIL, 330,
340, 352; colored troops at, IX.,
173, 204; cemetery at, IX., 281;
surrender of, X., 32; casualties at,
X., 34, 156.

Victor, C. S. S., VI., 296.

Victoria, Queen of England, Proc
lamation of Neutrality issued by,
VI., 308.

Victoria, C. S. S., VI., 1 3.

Vidette, U. S. S., L, 356.

Yiele, E. L., X., 227.

Vienna, Ya., L, 348.

Yillard, H., X., 42.

Yillepigue, J. B., L, 237; X., 256.

Vincennes, U. S. S., VI., 189.

Vincent, A. C., I., 287.

Vincent, S., II., 249, 252, 253, 254,
X., 137.

Vincent's brigade, II., 255.

Vimliciitor, U. S. S., I., 239; VI.,
221; IX., 165.

Yinton, I). H., II., 328.

Yionville, losses at, X., 126, 140.
Virginia: North Anna River, in, I.,
43, 135; adopted the ordinance of
secession subject to popular vote,
I., 346; campaigns, map of, I.,
369; negroes, fugitives, II., 30;
campaign of 1864 and 1865, III.,
38; military maps of, N. E., V.,
2; University of, V., 58; capes of,
V., 80; New York Seventh in
vades, VIIL, 70; Twelfth New
York Infantry advances into,
VIIL, 89; preparations for a
struggle, VIIL, 96; home scene,
IX., 151; troops at opening of
war, X., 98; Confederates visit
Boston, X., 138.

Virginia troops, Confederate:

Artillery: Stannard's battery,
L, 348.

Cavalry: L, 354; Ashby's, I.,
304; Stuart's, L, 354; First, I.,
3.50, 304; IV., 82, 98; Second,
IV., 87; Fourth, L, 364; Fifth,
IV., 73; Sixth, IV., 84; VIL, 147;
Seventh, L, 360; IV., 73, 88, 110;
Eighth, L, 364; Ninth, IV., 72;
Eleventh, IV., 104; Twelfth, IV.,
87; Thirteenth, I., 350.

Infnntru: Monroe's, L, 350;
First, L, 348, 350; First (Irish)
Battalion, L, 360, 362; First
drum major of, VIIL, 109;
Second, I., 350, 360; IV., 238;
Fourth, L, 350, 360; losses at
Chancellorsville, Ya., X., 158;
losses at Manassas, Va., X., 158;
Fifth, L, 350, 360; Sixth, IV.,
104; drummer boy of, VIIL, 383;
Seventh, L, 348, 350; IV., 104;
Eighth, L, 350, 352; Tenth, I.,
350, 362; Eleventh, L, 348, 350,
350; Twelfth, IV., 104; Thir
teenth, L, 350; III., 332; Fif
teenth, losses at Antietam, Md.,
X., 158; Seventeenth, L, 348, 350;
losses at Antietam, Md., X., 158;
Eighteenth, L, 350; VIIL, 111;
Nineteenth, L, 350; Twentieth,
I., 348; Twenty-first, I., 358, 360,
302; X., 150; Twenty-second, I.,
364; Twenty-third, L, 360, 362;
Twenty-fourth, L, 272, 348, 350;
Twenty-fifth, L, 348, 354, 362;
Twenty-seventh, L, 350, 360;
X., 156; Twenty-eighth, L, 350;
Twenty-ninth, L, 356; Thirty-
first, I., 354, 356, 302; Thirty-
seeond, losses at Antietam, Md.,
X., 158; Thirty-third, L, 350,
360; V., 19; regulars, X., 156;
Thirty-sixth, L, 358; Thirty-
seventh, L, 360, 302; Forty-
second, L, 3(50, 362; Forty-fourth,
L, 362; Forty-fifth, L, 364;
Forty-eighth, L, 362; Forty-
ninth, L, 350; losses at Fair Oak's,
Ya., X., 158; Fiftieth, L, 358;
Fifty-first, I., 358; Fifty-second,
L, 354, 362; Fifty-fourth, L, 356:
Fifty-fifth, VIIL, 138, 151, 165;
Fifth-sixth, L, 358; Fifty-eighth,
I., 362, 300; IV., 102; Fifty-ninth,
III., 318; Sixtieth, VIIL, 162;
Sixty-seventh, L, 356; Seventy-
seventh, L, 352; Eighty-ninth,
L, 35ii ; One hundred and four
teenth, I., 352.

Virginia troops, Union:

Cavalry: Second, L, 350.
Infantry: Ninth, I., 354.

Virainia, C. S. S.: sunk in channel
of James River, Va., L, 109, 11!),
358, 364; V., 258, 313; VI., 73, 82,
89, 132, 146, 155, 161, 165, 175,
265, 315.

"Yirginia Cavalier," IX., 346.

Virginia Historical Society, Rich
mond, Ya., X., 51.

Yirginia Military Institute, Lexing
ton, Ya.: III.", 140, 289; IX., 91,
132; X., 100.

Vital Records, Confederate, X.,
148, seq.: Union, X., 148 seq.

Vogdes, L: VII., 47; X., 303.

"Voice of the South, The," Jeffer
son Davis, quoted, IX., 290.

' 'Volunteer about to lose some
weight," VIIL, 93.

"Volunteer Song," IX., 344.

"Volunteer, The," V.. J. Cutler,
IX., 76, SO.

Volunteers: character of, in the
armies of the North arid South
( 1804), IV., 1(5, 28; from East and

355

VOLUNTEERS

Volunteers — Continued.

West. VIIL, 95; of the Confeder
acy, illustration of, VIIL, 105.

Von Schaack, G.. X., 229.

V..M Steinwehr, A., X., 227.

Wabash, U. S. S.: L, 357. 300; III.,
340; V., 207: VI., 22, 47, 4S, KM),
102; forward pivot-gun of. VI.,
103, 127; Parrott gun of, VI., 259,
289, 270, 2S1; gun-crew of, VI.,
311.

Waehu«eU. U. S. S., VI., 293. 294.

Waddell. J., VI., 296.

W:ide. Herbert T., L, 10; X., 2.

Wade's battery. Confederate, I-,
.;-.->

Wadsworth, J. S.: IL, 230; III., 48,
49; X., 133.

Wagner, G. D.: II., 274 *cq.; III.,
117, 260,202, 264; X., 91.

Wagner, L., X., 296.

Wagner batterv, V., 118.

Wagon train: L, 53; at Cumberland
Landing, Pamunkey River, VIIL,
47.

Wagons: army, VIIL, 40; " Federal,
train, from the Potomac to the
Mi-i-sippi," VIII., 47; dimen
sions of, VIIL, 47.

Wagram, losses at, X., 140.

Wamright, C. S., I., 295.

Wainwright, J. IL, IX., 340.

Wainwright, J. M., VI., 310.

Wainwright, K.: L, 227; VI., 188.

Wait. H. L..X., 2.

Waite, C. A., VII., 28.

Waites. J., L, 103.

Walcutt. C. C.,X., 93.

Waldren's Ridge, Tenn., IV., 100,
164.

Waldron, Ark., IL, 348.

Walke. IL: L, 217, 224; VI., 16, 148,
210,218.

Walker, F. A.: IV., 272; X., 23, 24.

Walker, L, L, 19.

Walker, H. H.:IIL, 70; X., 317.

Walker, I. N., X., 296.

Walker, J. A., X., 107.

Walker, J. G.: IL, 60, 70, 74, 324;
X., 279.

Walker, L. M., X., 297.

Walker, LeR. P., X., 255.

Walker, M.. IL, 344.

Walker, R. L.: X., 113; IL, 340.

Walker, T. C., X., 2.

Walker, W. H. T.: II., 344; X., 145,
278.

Walker, W. S., IL, 320; VI., Ill;
X., 261.

Walker, Mr., an artist in a group,
X., 161.

Walker, Fort, S. C. (see also Fort
Walker, S. C.), I., 354, 357.

Walker Ford, Tenn., IL, 348.

Walkerton. Va., IV., 124.

Wall. .1. W., VIL, 202.

"Wall tents" (see also Tents): used
in Confederate Army, VIIL, 167.

Wallace, L.: L, 184, ISO, 188, 190
HO., L'OO, 206, 208, 300; III., 140;
VIL, 105, 108, 207; IX., 95; X., 4,
••3. 200.

Wallace, W. IL, X., 283.

Wallace. W. H. L.: L, 300; VIL, 98;
X., 133.

U allaoe'i Ferry, Ark., III., 328.

Walnut Creek, Mo., IL, 320.

Walnut Hill, Vicksburg, Miss., IL,
185.

Walp-.le, B. M.: L, 89; VIL, 59.

Walthall, E. C., X., 270, 277.

Walton, J. B., IL, 340.

\\.-.lworth, M. T.. VIIL, 289.

Wanamaker, J., VIL, 17.

War: Franco-Prussian, L, 30;
photograph, very wonderful and
daring, taken by George S.
Cook, L, 100; records, official
compilation of, L, 104; students
of Europe and America discussing
the strategy of. L, 113; Mexican,
I., 174: awful expedients. IL, 243;
department officials, III., 157;
termination of, III., 235; horses,
sagacity and faithfulness in, VI.,
292; horses, IV., 292- 3 18; of 1812,
VI., 48, 130; departments, the
business side of, VIIL, 37; Con
federate photographs of war
scenes, VIIL, 105; telegraph of
fice, VIIL, 342 seq.: with Mexico,
IX., 93 ; songs. IX., 3 12 seq. ; X., 40.

"War is Hell," III., 237.

[2D ED.]

INDEX

"War- Horse," nickname of Gen'I
Longstreet, II., 47.

Ward, A., IX., 175.

Ward, Elizabeth, S. P., "a Mes
sage," IX., 144, 14.r).

Ward, J. H.: VI., 90. 97, 99, 308.

Ward. J. H. IL.X.,227.

Ward, W. T.: III., 125; X., 91.

Ward, W. W.. VII., 21,

Ware, C. P., IX., 352.

Ware, J. H., X., 2.

Warehouse: on the banks of the
Rappabannock, used as hospital,
VII., 270.

Warfield, H. M., VII., 198.

Waring, G. E., X., 23, 24.

Warley, A. F., VI., 192.

Warner, . I. M., X., 307.

Warner, W., X., 29(i.

Warner, V. S. S.: III., 318; VI., 230.

Warren, Fitz-H., X., 205.

Warren, G. K.: I., 32, 70 seq.; II.,
2.r,l, 252, 253, 255; III., 30, 34, 36,

41, 42, 43, 44, 54, 56, 58, 64, 67,
72, 73, 74, 75, 83, 84, 86, 90, 176,
178, 197, 199, 204, 284, 318, 344;
IV., 119; headquarters of, at
Spotsylvania, IV., 207; VIII.,
246, 327, 328, 330; IX., 225; X.,
183, 200.

Warren, Fort, Mass, (see also Fort

Warren, Mass.), I., 191.
Warrenburg, Mo., I., 360.
Warrenton, Va.: II., 57, 83, 84; IV.,

93, 99; Burnside and staff at,

IX., 69.
Warrenton Junction, Va.: IV., 92;

II., 334.
Warrenton Turnpike, Va. : I., 152;

II., 49.

Warrentown Railroad, IV., 243.
WarriiiKton, Fla., V., 59.
Warrior. C. S. S.. VI.. 192.
Warwick, Va., I., 264.
Warwick and Yorktown Roads,

Va., I., 360.

Warwick River, Va.: I., 262; V., 31.
"Washday in Winter Quarters,"

VIIL, 187.
Washburn, C. C.: with staff, I., 247;

X., 189, 218.

" Washing Clothes," VIIL, 187.
Washington, George, I., 17; IX., 125.
Washington, J. B., I., 289 seq.
Washington, D. C.: I., 28 seq., 40,

42, 66 .ieq.; defenses of, I., 69, 94;
the key to, I., 121, 123; fortifi
cations about, I., 125, 126 seq.;
Vibbard draw. Long Bridge at,
I., 131; McClellan's troops drill
ing near, L, 137; Camp Sprague
at. I., 141, 144, 148, 159; Camp
James near, I., 167; McClellan
trains, Army of the Potomac, L,
254; II., 18. 53, 58, 102; national
capitol, III., 139, 143 seq.;
locomotives stored in, III., 145;
Chain Bridge at, III., 147; Long
Bridge at, III., 147; group of war
department officials, III., 157;
grand review at, III., 345, 319;
IV., 257; Capitol building, 1865,
III. 348; Federal cavalry mess
house at, IV., 107; Prospect Hill,
IV., 173; map of defenses, V., 2;
Federal guns in the grand review
at, V., 4; artillery brigade in the
grand review, V., 4, 18 seq., 75;
scene in defenses of, V., 79, 80
xeq. ; centers of defense of, V., 82;
Scott's plans for defense of, V., 84
seq.; defenses of, at Fort Lyon, V.,
85; fortifications of, V., 86 seq.;
condition of defenses of .before the
war, V., 86 *»•(/.; Aqueduct bridge,
V., 90, 95; preparations for de
fense, V., 90 sn].; fortifications on
the Potomac, V., 94 nrq.; fortifica
tions around, V., 94; Union Arch
near, V., 95; fortifications of,
number and extent of, V., 102;
influence of defense on Federal
movements, V., 104; results of
withdrawal of garrison, V., 106,
108; arsenal yard and "Napo
leons" guns, V., 127; ladies and
officers in the interior court of
arsenal at, V., 129, 131, 136, 144,
154; defenses of, V., 153; ar
senal, ammunition stored in, V.,
175, 216, 228; VI., 92,170; Early's
attack on, VI., 106; navy yard at,
VI., 167; ambulances in grand re
view, VII., II; buildings iri VII.,
15; Carver Hospital in, VII., 15,

274, 275; Campbell Hospital,
VII., 15; views of, VII., 15;

Stanton Hospital in, VII., 15, Old
Capitol Prison at, VII., 31 seq.,
38, 67, 200; office of commissary
general of prisoners, VII., 83, 8;>
seq.; Ford's Theater in, where
President Lincoln was shot, VII.,
203; livery stable where Booth
secured the horse on which he
escaped, VII., 205; surgeons'
supplies at, VII., 213; surgeons
and hospital stewards at, VII.,
217; medical supplies at, VII.,
225; Harewood Hospital at, VII.,
285, 294, 295; Armory Square
Hospital, VII., 291, 293; am
bulances at, VII., 311; ambu
lance repair shop at, VII., 311;
Harewood Hospital, ambulance
trains at, VII., 313; V. S. Sani
tary Commission, VII., 324;
I". ' S. Sanitary Commission
"Home," at, VII. ,331; Lodge No.
5, VII., 333; U. S. Sanitary Com
mission wagons leaving for the
front, VII., 337; Karly's dash at,
VIIL, 18; Old Capitol Prison,
VIIL, 24; supply depot at, VIIL,
30; Warehouse No. 1, VIIL, 38;
Government Mess House, VIIL,
38; groups at quartermaster-
general's office, VIIL, 38; grand
review at, VIIL, 39; army repair
shops at, VIIL, 40; guarding the
lumber for the government,
VIIL, 51; Meridian Hill near,
Second Maine first camp site in,
VIIL, 58; Sixth Vermont leaves
for, VIIL, 05; endangered, and
President calls for men, VIIL, 68;
New York Seventy-first leaves
for, VIIL, 69; defenses prepared,
VIIL, 70; Twelfth New York
waiting orders from, VIIL, 72,
73; reception on Pennsylvania
Avenue to New York Seventh In
fantry, VIIL, 74, 79, 89, 109; Old
Capitol Prison, VIIL, 289; Cen
tral Signal Station at, VIIL, 305;
U. S. Signal Corps Headquarters,
VIIL, 333; cemetery at Soldiers'
Home, IX., 281; Second Inaugura
tion of Abraham Lincoln, X., 16, 17.

Washington, N. C'., II., 322.

W<iKliin»ton, V. S. S., VI., 82.

Washington and Lee University,
Va.: L, 17; IX., 122, 130, 132;
X., 57, 59, 72.

Washington Artillery Company,
Charleston, S. C., V., 60.

Washington Artillery, the, of New
Orleans (see also New Orleans,
La.): L, 14; Federals forced back
to the bank of the river by, L, £5;
enlisted men of, I., 199f II., 53,
125; Miller's battery of, II., 59,
95, 122; men of, II., 164, 165; V.,
58, 63, 64, 72, 71; VIIL, 119, 125,
127, 150; officers of, IX., 329, 343.
"Washington Grays," N. Y. (see
Nevy York Eighth State Militia).

Washington Light Infantry of
Charleston, S. C.: VIIL, 115, 117,
167.

Wassavv Sound, Ga.: I., 301; II.,
336; VI., 3S, 236, 271, 318.

Water cart, VIIL, 213.

Water transportation: in Peninsula
campaign, VIIL, 50.

Writer Witch, U. S. S., VI., 189, 312,
320.

Wjitfrhou.se, R., X., 315.

Waterloo, Belgium: battle of: II.,
272; X., 120, 122, 140.

Waterloo Bridge, Va.: II., 42;
skirmish at, II., 322.

Waterproof, La., II., 350.

Watertown, Mass., V., 144.

Watervliet, West Troy, N. Y.: V.,
144; arsenal at, V., 154; IX., 219.

Watie, Stand, Cherokee Indian: I.,
362; leader at Pea Ridge, X., 267.

Watkins' Park, Nashville, Tenn.,
V., 65.

Watmough, P. G.. VI., 273.

Watson, ,L, VI., 233.

Watterson, H.: IX., 306; X., 21, 24.

Watts, N. G., VII., 104, 112.

Waud, A. R., artist for Ilariier's
WeekU,, VIIL, 31 .

Wauhatchie, Tenn.: battle of, II.,
297, 300, 303.

Waul, T. N., X., 315.

Wautauga Bridge, Tenn., II., 328.

WESTERN ARMY

Wayne, H. C., X., 265.

Waynesboro, Va., III., 332, 338.

' 'We are Coming, Father Abra'am, '
T. S. Gibbons, IX., 344, 345.

"We Have Drunk from the Same
Canteen," C.G. Halpine, IX., 348.

Weatherly, J., IV., 200.

Weaver, J. B.: II., 308; X., 205.

Webb, A. S.: headquarters of, IL,
265; III., 46, 70; V., 21; VIIL, 178.

Webb, W. A.: VI., 77, 162, 171;
VII., 139.

Wehh, C. S. S., VI., 322.

Webber, C. H., L, 270.

Webber, J. C., X., 292.

Weber, M.: IL, 324; X., 229.

Webster, Captain, IV., 315.

Webster, D., quoted, IX., 322.

Webster, J. D., L, 194, 197 fry.;
X., 49.

Weed, S. IL, IL, 249, 252. 253, 254;
X., 137.

Weehau-ken, V. S. S.: L, 24, 100;
IL, 332, 336; VI., 38, 128, 171,
173, 274, 318, 320; IX., 330.

"Weekly Cfilifuniinn," IX., 35.

"Weeping Sad and Lonelv (When
this Cruel War is Over)," C. C.
Sawyer, IX., 351.

"Weighing bread," for I'nion armv,
VIIL, 49.

Weir, R. F., VII., 226.

\\eisinger, D. A., X., 319.

Weissert, A. G., X., 296.

Weitzel, G.: IL, 215, 332, 342; III.,
304, 344; VI., 246, 316; X., 193,
234.

Welch, J. W., VII., 63.

Welch, W. H.,VII.,4.

Weld, S. M., Jr., X., 213.

Weldon, N. C., V., 21.

Weldon Railroad, Va.: III., 208,
324, 340; expedition in Decem
ber, 1864, III., 340; V., 215.

Welles, G.: VI., 50, 52, 53, 134, 142,
184, 300; X., 12.

Wells, G. D., X., 1*1.

Wells, W. R., L, 243.

Welsh, T., X., 303.

Wentzville, Mo. (see also Mills-
vine), L, 348.

Wessells, H. W.: L, 364; IL, 328;
X., 197.

West, J. S., VII., 123.

West Gulf Squadron, T. S..VL, 322.

West Indian Squadron, U. S., VI.,
125.

West Liberty, Ky., I., 354.

West Point, Ga., III., 346.

West Point, N Y.: V., 110; en
gineers, training of, at, V., 224;
VI., 67; academy at, VIIL, 08;
drilling whole battalions of raw
recruits, cadets, efficiency gained
rapid promotion, VIIL, 76, 110;
cadet class of I860, VIIL, 185;
U. S. Military Academy in the
field, VIIL, 185, 324.

West Point, Vn., L, 302.

"West Point Light Battery," Gen
eral Griffin in command, V., 21.

West Troy, N. Y., V., 144.

West Virginia: Department of, IV.,
114; enlistment of troops in,
VIIL, 102.

West Virginia troops:

Artillery: First, L, 300; Bat
tery B, IL, 346; First, IL, 330.

Carnlry: First, L, 362; IL, 334;
Second, L, 304; IL, 342, 346;
Third, IL, 336, 342; IV., 119;
Fourth, IL, 348; Fifth, IL, 346.
Ixftntri/: First, L, 348, 300,
300; IL, 348; III., 328; IV., 332;
VIIL, 102; Second, L, 352, 354;
Third. L, 302, 366; IL, 342; III.,
328; Fourth, IL, 322; Fifth, L,
306; Seventh, I., 354; losses, X.,
154; Eighth, L, 300; IL, 342;
Ninth, III., 320; Tenth, IL, 346;
Eleventh, III., 320; Twelfth, IL,
336; Fourteenth, II., 348; III.,
320; Fifteenth, III., 320.

Wrest Virginia, Green Springs, III.,
328.

West Woods, Md., IL, 01.

"Westehester Chasseurs" (see also
New York Seventeenth Infantry) :
IX., 157.

Westerly, R. L: First Rhode Island
recruited in, VIIL, 00.

W'estern and Atlantic Railroad: IL,
274; locomotive seized in, VIIL,
277.

Western Army, III., 104.

WESTERN CAMPAIGNS

INDEX

YARD

Western campaigns: map of theater

of, II., 353; important part

plaved by railroads in, III., 255.
Western flotilla, VI., 214, 218.
Western Sanitary Commission,

VII., 338.

Westervelt, J., VI., 320.
West field, U. S. S. : II., 330; VI.,

190, 316.

Westminster Abbey, IX., 119.
Westover House, Va., I., 335.
Westover Landing, Va., IV., 229.
Wet Glaze, .Mo., I., 352.
Wet-plate method of photography,

I., 46, 48, 50.
Wharf building, V., 291.
Wharton, G. C., X., 319.
Wharton, J. A.: II., 330; IX., 345;

X., 313.
Wharton's cavalry, Confederate,

I., 360.
Wharves: construction of, by U. S.

Engineers, V., 291.
"What-is-it" : soldiers' name for

complete moving photographic

outfit used by Brady, etc., I., 46;

its uses, VIII., 25.
Wheat, C. R., I., 302.
Wheat and corn crops in 1861,

VIII., 46.

Wheaton, F., X., 305.
Wheeler, J.: II., 168, 170, 326, 328,

330, 344, 341), 348; III., 108, 211,

230, 232, 246, 318, 330, 338, 342;

IV., 36, 144, 145, 147, 149 seq.,

151: blockhouses garrisoned

against raids by, IV., 151, 158,

160, 162, 164, 254, 262, 279 seq..

288 seq.; VIII., 275, 290, 362;

IX., 322, 327, 328; X., 249, 268.
Wheeler, J. C., V., 65.
"When Johnny Comes Marching

Home." P. S. Gilmore, IX., 235,

339, 342.

"When Lilacs Last in the Door-
yard Bloom'd." Walt Whitman,

IX., 24, 254.
"When This Cruel War is Over,"

f\ C. Sawyer, IX., 235, 350, 351.
Whipple, A. W.: II., 334; X., 131.
"Whistling Dick," II., 187, 195.
White, D., X., 211.
White, E. D., X., 24.
White, E. .1.: I., 89; VII., 4, 59.
White, I. II.. VII., 86.
White, J., X., 201.
White, J. L., V., 170.
White, M. J., I., 362.
White, W. J. H.', VII., 217.
White House, Va.: I., 282, 284, 287,

315 seq., 317, 324; III., 84, 181;

IV., 80; Sheridan's troops crossing

Pamunkcy River near, IV., 127,

128; VI., 59; wounded at, VII.,

341; I'. S. Christian Commission

at. VII., 342, 343.
White House, Gettysburg, Pa.,

IV., 201.
White House Landing, Ya.: ruins

of White House, I., 315; III., 82,

91. 92; IV., 220; hospital boats

at, VII., 219.

White Oak Church, Ya., VIII., 243.
White Oak Road, Ya., III., 284, 344.
White Oak Swamp, Ya.: I., 288,

325, 327, 329, 330, 332, 333, 334,

337, 366; bridge at, III., 324;

IV., 87: Glendale, Ya., losses at,

X., 142.

White Post, Ya., III., 328.
White River, Ark.: II., 194; VI.,

221, 222, 223, 232, 314.
White Sulphur Springs, W. Ya.:

II., 342, 344.

White's Ferry, Ya., IV., 82.
White.head, U. S. S.: I., 356; III.,

318; VI., 316.
Whitemarsh, Ga., I., 360.
Whiteside, Tenn.: railroad bridge

across the ravine of running

water, II., 317.

Whiteside Yalley, Tenn., II., 316.
Whitfield, J. W., II., 324;command-

ing a brigade of Texas cavalry,

X., 313.

Whiting, C. J., IV., 220, 221, 225.
Whiting, W. H. C.: I., 342; III.,

327: VI., 248.
Whitman, W.: IX., 21, 24, 26, 132,

133, 134, 135, 254.
Whitney, E. T., I., 40, 42.
Whittaker, W. C., X., 207.
Whittier, C. A., VIII., 114.
Whittier, J. G., II., 60.

[2D ED.]

Whittle, WT. C., VI., 218.

Wickham, W. C.: III., 158, 160;
IV., 98; IX., 343; X., 319.

Wigfall, L. T., X., 315.

Wilcox, C. M.: I., 354; II., 73, 328;
IV.,301 ; IX., 127, 215,282; X., 282.

Wilcox, Ya., battery at, I., 119.

Wilcox Bridge, N. C., III., 344.

Wilcox Landing, Ya.: I., 127; III.,
188; telegraph station at, VIII.,
351.

Wilder. J. T., II., 344; IV., 34.

Wilderness, U. S. S., III., 342.

Wilderness, Ya.: I., 96, 122; II., 106,
272; battle in the, III., 11, 17,
21 seq., 21-50, 28 seq; campaign
of. III., 33, 34, 36; battlefield of,
III., 39, 40; Confederate breast
works in, III., 41, 43; natural
impediments in the battleground
of the, III., 45, 47; Union and
Confederate dead and wounded
after campaign, III., 49; one of
the greatest struggles in history,
two days fighting in the, May,
1864, III., 50, 52; L'nion and Con
federate losses in engagements on
both sides, III., 92, 31*; IV., 33,
98, 197, 239; V., 21, 27, 54, 214;
VII., 154, 230, 268, 270; VIII.,
63; Sixth Vermont at, VIII., 65,
173, 175, 177; Orange plank road,
VIII., 177; soldiers' graves at,
VIII., 177, 191, 204, 246. 329,
367; battle of, IX., 139, 155, 261;
graves in the, IX., 283; in 1864,
X., 61; losses at, X., 124.

Wilderness Church, Ya., II., 117.

Wilderness Tavern, Va., III., 17,
36, 40.

Wiles, Mr., X., 19.

Wilkes, C., VI., 125, 291, 293, 310.

Wilkie, Lieut., VIII., 115.

Wilkinson, James, IX., 285.

Wilkinson, John, VI., 108, 124.

Wilkinson, M. S., I., 147.

Willcox.O. B.: II., 100; III., 90, 282;
headquarters at Petersburg, Va.,
VIII. ,243; dedication of First Bull
Run monument at, IX., 366; X.,
185, 208.

Williams, A., II., 324.

Williams, A. S.: I., 231 seq.. 306;
II., 70; III., 347; X., 85, 189, 216.

Williams, D. H., X., 291.

Williams, H. H., Jr., VIII., 117.

Williams, J., VI., 98.

Williams, J. S.: L, 354; II., 344; X.,
267.

Williams, S., X., 49.

Williams, T.: death of. I., 250, 367;
II., 25, 119, 132, 134, 180, 190,
198, 320; X., 133.

Williams, T. H., VII., 241.

Williams, Mrs. T. S., X., 2.

Williams' Farm, Jerusalem Plank
Road, Ya., III., 324.

Williamsburg, Ya.: I., 266, 268,
272, 274, 282, 295, 298, 323, 362,
366: IV., 47; V., 30, 31, 200;
VIII., 370 seq.; battle of, IX.,
79, 85; losses at, X., 142.

Williamson, J. A., X., 205.

Williamson, W. P., VI., 140, 144,
154, 155.

Williamson, midshipman, VII., 139.

Williamsport, Md., I., 310; II., 60,
340.

Williamsport, Ya., IV., 76, 82.

Willich, A., X., 125.

Willis' Hill, Marye's Heights, Va.,
II., 87, 98.

Williston, S. C., III., 342.

Willoughby Run, Pa., II., 238.

Wilmington, Del., IV., 328.

Wilmington. N. C.: I., 94; III., 20,
335, 342; V., 160, 265; VI., 24, 34,
114, 238, 255, 273, 291, 312, 320.

Wilmington Island, Ga., I., 360.

Wilmington River, Ga., VI., 171.

Wilson, C. C., X., 265.

Wilson, D. J., VI., 301.

Wilson, F., VIII., 327.

Wilson, J. G., X., 23, 201.

W'ilson, J. H.: III., 196, 322, 324,
330, 344, 346: IV., 24, 34, 50,
128, 136, 138, 139, 153, 217, 241,
244, 256, 258, 262, 270. 273; and
staff, 281, 326, 332; VIII., 185,
196; IX., 247, 343; X., 95.

Wilson, J. M., I., 287.

Wilson, R. B., IX., 76, 77.

Wilson, T.: charge of commissarv,
VIII., 50.

Wilson, W., army scout, VIII., 261.

Wilson, Lieut., VII., 63.

Wilson Farm, La., II., 352.

Wilson's Creek, Mo. (see also
Springfield, Mo., and Oak Hill,
Mo.) : I., 122, 180, 350, 367 ; VIII.,
102, 103; losses at, X., 142.

Wilson's wharf, Va., III., 322.

Winchester, Va.: L, 139, 301, 302,
304, 306, 307, 310, 360, 364; II.,
148, 150, 326, 328, 330, 332, 336;
IV., 78, 86; Berry ville turnpike,
IV., 244, 248; battle of, VII., 228;
"Sheridan's Ride," IX., 70; bat
tle at, IX., 87.

"Winchester," horse of P. H. Sher
idan, name changed from
"Rienzi," IV., 297, 308.

Winder, C. S.: I., 366; II., 23, 28,
320; X., 149.

Winder, J. H.: VII., 29, 36, 76, 78,
86, 90, 172, 173, 175, 177, 178,
199, 210.

Winder, R. B., VII., 180.

Winder, WT. H., VII., 192. -

Winder, W. S., VII., 74, 180.

Winder Hospital, Richmond, Ya.,
VII., 284.

W'infield Scott Camp (see Camp
Winfield Scott), I., 259.

Wingo's Inf., Confederate, I., 350.

Winnebago, U. S. S., VI., 247, 254.

Winona, U. S. S., VI., 190, 201,
204.

Winslow, E. W7., IV., 198.

Winslow, F., VI., 189.

Winslow, J. A.: VI., 300, 302; and
officers on Kearsarge, L. S. S., VI.,
303, 304, 320.

Winston, J. D., VII., 351.

Winter, W., IX., 238, 239.

Winthrop, F., X., 135.

Wire, tapping of, by telegraphers,
VIII., 360-364.

Wirz, H., VII., 67, 78, 92, 176 seq.,
177.

Wisconsin: camp of Twenty-eighth
Inf. at Little Rock, Ark., II.,
343; regiments' uniforms, VIII.,
54; response to first call, VIII.,
74; contribution of troops in Civil
War, VIII., 75; losses during
Civil War, VIII., 75; population
in I860, VIII., 75; suffers a finan
cial panic, VIII., 75: troops fur
nished during Civil War, VlII., 75.

Wisconsin troops:

Artillery: First Independent
battery of Light Art., V., 43;
First Light Art., Baton Rouge,
La., VIII., 248; Fourth, III.,
318; Seventh, II., 328; Twelfth,
III., 332.

Cavalry: First, I., 364; II., 320,
332; Second, I., 247.

Infantry: First, I., 348; III.,
328, 330, 340; Second, I., 348,
II., 336; III., 342; X., 119; losses
X., 154; Third, I., 352; II., 25,
336; (Indians), VIII., 75; Fourth,
I., 74; II., 320; VI., 234; Fifth,
II., 123, 3t6; Seventh, II., 336;
(Indian), VIII., 75, IX., 209, 211;
losses, X., 54 ; Eighth, I., 352, 350;
II., 328; III., 330; Ninth (Ger
mans), II., 352; VIII., 75; Elev
enth, I...368; Twelfth (French Can
adians) , VIII., 75 ; Fif teent h (Scan
dinavian), VIII., 75; Seventeenth
(Irish), VIII., 75; Eighteenth,
III., 332; Twenty-second, II.,
330, 332; Twenty-sixth (German),
VIII., 75; losses,' X., 154; Twenty-
seventh, II., 352; Twenty-eighth,
camp at Little Rock, Ark., II.,
343, 350; Thirty-sixth, losses, X.,
152, 154; Thirty-seventh (In
dian), VIII., 75; losses, X., 154;
Thirty-ninth, III., 330; Fortieth,
III., 330; Forty-first, III., 330;
Forty-sixth (German), VIII., 75.

WTi*e, G. M., VII., 319.

Wise, H. A.: V., 04; X., 4, 321.

Wise's Light Dragoons, VIII., 191.

Wissnhickon, U. S. S.: VI., 42;
Jack-tars on, VI., 42; pivot-gun
of, VI., 43, 90.

Wistar, I. J., X., 291.

Withers, J. M.: I., 193, 195, 205; X.,
253, 256.

"Wives and Sweethearts," IX.,
142 seq.

Wofford, W. T., X., 127.

Wolfe, J., I., 12.

Wolfe Street General Hospital,
Alexandria, Va.: VII., 235.

Wolseley, Viscount: I., 98; quoted,
VIII., 134, 154, 159.

"Wolverine Brigade," VIII., 196.

Women as spies, VIII., 273, 287,
291.

Women's Relief Societies: in Tenn.,
VII., 247; Relief Society of
the Confederate States, Felicia
Grundy Porter, President, VII.,
247; Southern Hospital work of,
VII., 296; Central Association of
Relief, VII., 328 seq.; Central Re
lief Association of New York,
VII., 334.

Wood, A. M., VII., 47.

Wood, J. E., X., 185.

Wood, J. T, VI., 172, 29S, 320.

Wood, M. A., VIII., 281.

Wood, R. C., VII., 330, 347.

Wood, S. A. M.: II., 326; X., 255.

Wood, T. J.: II., 282, 2S4, 306, 308;
IX., 115; X., 181, 198.

Wood, W. P., VIII., 282, 289.

Woodberry, S. B., VIII., 117.

Woodbury, D. F., I., 321.

Woodbury, D. P., V , 213.

Woodbury, Tenn., II., 330, 332.

Woodburv's Bridge, Ya., I., 278.

Woodford, S. L., X., 23.

Woodhull, A. A., VII., 223, 224.

Woodruff, W. E., VII., 47.

Woodruff's battery, Confederate, I.,
350.

Woods, R. M., X., 292.

Woods, W. B., X., 237.

Wood's Fork, Mo., II., 330.

"Woodsmen of the North," VIII.,
77.

Woodsonville, Ky. (see also Row-
lett's Station, Ky.), I., 354.

Woodstock, Va., I., 306.

Woodward's command, Confed
erate, II., 322.

Wroodward, J. J., VII., 223.

Woodward, surgeon, VII., 224.

Wool, J. E.: I., 364; VII., 100; X.,
56, 204.

Woolen Mills Petersburg, Va.: ruins
of, IX., 4.

Woonsoeket, R. L: First Rhode
Island Infantry recruited in,
VIII., 60.

Worden, J. L.: I., 358; VI., 36, 111,
161, 163, 174, 176, 241, 312, 318.

Work, H. C.: IX., 168, 178, 180, 183,
342, 344.

Wormley's Creek, Ya.: I., 253, 255,
259, 267.

Wounds: antiseptics for treatment
of, unknown during the war, VII.,
232; character and treatment of,
VII., 262, 264; statistics regard
ing, VIII., 126.

Wragg, T. L., VII., 123.

Wright, A. R., X., 115.

Wright, G., X., 307.

Wright, G. K., III., 60.

Wright, H. G.: III., 56, 58, 64, 67,
68, 72, 73, 74, 75, 84, 86, 88, 146,
148, 156, 158, 162, 293; IV., 159;
VIII., 204, 252; X., 183, 202.

Weight, M. H., V., 170.

Wright, M. J.: I., 7, 9, 102; illus
trations of scenes within Confed
erate lines, VIII., 105; X., 7, 27;
tabular statement of losses in
Civil War, X., 142, 144; some
casualties of Confederate regi
ments, X., 156.

Wright, W. F., V., 31.

Wright, W. P., V., 29.

Wright, W. W.: II., 125; V., 290,
294, 295, 298.

Wyalusing, V. S. S., III., 318.

Wyatts, Miss., II., 344.

Wyeth, J. A.: IV., 11; quoted, IV.,
131, 144 seq., 158, 204; VII., 18;
X., 27.

Wyman, J., VII., 330.

Wyndham, P., IV., 102.

Wyoming, V. S. S., VI., 48.

Wytheville, Wr. Va., II., 342.

Yale University, New Haven,

Conn., I., 12, 90.
Yandell, D. W., VII., 352.
Yankee, C. S. S., VI., 310.
Yankee, U. S. S., VI., 308.
Yantic, U. S. S., III., 342.
Yard, P., VIII., 237.

[357]

YATES

INDEX

ZOUAVES

Yates, R., I., 174.

Yates, Camp, III. (see also Camp
Yates, III.), I., 175.

Yaioo City, Sliss.: II., 342; expedi
tion of. III., 318.

Yazoo Pass, Miss., II., 206.

Yaioo River, Miss.: I., 223; II., 182,
ISo, 196; VI., 221, 223, 224, 314,
316,318, 320, 348.

Yellow Bluff, Fla.: signal tower at,
VIII., 325.

Yellow Creek, Mo., II., 320.

Yellow Tavern, Va.: III., 62, 78,
320; IV., 23, 43, 98, 124; death of
J. E. B. Stuart at, IV., 125, 242.

Yemassee, S. C.. II., 326.

Yonge, C. R., VI., 301.

York, Z., X., 271.

York River, Va.: I., 267, 324; V.,
258; VI., 59, 315; VIII., 317, 324.

York River and Richmond Rail
road, Va.: I., 2vs, 29!». 325; bridge
of, I., 319.

York River Railroad, Va.: I., 316,
324.

Yorktown, Va.: I., 51, 115, 117;

Union battery, No. 4. I., 251, 252,
253, 2o.">, 2ttO; headquarters of
Gen. Magruder in, I., 261; Con
federate breastworks at, I., 263,
264; sand-bag fortifications of
Confederates at Yorktown, Va.,
I., 265; Confederate fortifications
at, I., 265: Confederate ramparts,
south-east of Yorktown, I., 265;
Magruder battery, I., 265; Two-
gun Confederate battery, I., 265;
First Union battery, I., 266, 267;
Union battery No. 1, two miles
below Yorktown, Va., I., 269;
Moore's house, I., 269; the door
to Yorktown, Va., I., 271; near
the center of Yorktown, Va., I.,
271 aeq.; after surrender, I., 271;
lower wharf at, I., 273; Federal
ordnance ready for transporta
tion from, I.,' 273, 282; War
wick roads, Ya., I., 360; garrison.
Confederate, I., 362; IV., 47;
winter quarters at, IV., 317;
Union batteries Nos. 1 and 4, V.,
23; ordnance of battery No. 4 at.

V., 25; Mortar battery No. 4, V.,
25, 26 seq., 28 aeq.; Confederate
works about, V., 30 seq., 33; larg
est Confederate gun at, V., 55;
fortifications opposite, V., 133;
McClellan's guns and gunners to
leave, V., 149; Confederate de
fenses, V., 177, 1S2; entrench
ments, Confederate, at, V., 198,
200, 228, 312; Cornwallis' head
quarters used as hospital. VII.,
259; Sixth Vermont at, VIII., 65;
"Beef Killers" of the army at,
VIII., 187; battery No. 1. VIII.,
317; Farenholt's house, VIII.,
317, 322; telegraphers' tent.VIIL,
343, 370 seq.; Confederate battery
at, that fired on the "Balloon
Bryan," VIII., 371; T. S. C.
Lowe in balloon at. VIII., 377;
where Cornwallis surrendered,
IX., 285.

Yorktown, C. S. S., VI., 314.

Young, B. H., I., 19.

Young, Colonel, of Rhode Island,
VIII., 26.

Young, Mrs., J. D., IX., 345
Young, P. McB., X., 263.
Young, S. B. M., X., 303.
Young, W. H., X., 313.
Youny America, U. S. S., VI., 308.
\vUng Volunteers" from the

Young's Branch, Va., I., 141, 157,159.

z

"Zagonyi Guards," VIII., 82
Zarrachcr, B. F., VII., 181.
Zeppelin, Count, I., 113.
Zoihcoffer, F. K.: I., 180, 352; X.,

147, 280.

Zook, S. K., X., 135.
Zorndorf, losses at, X, 140.
Zouave Cadets, Charleston, S. C

VII., 127.

Zouave, U. S. S., I., 3;">,x.
Zouaves: VIII., 76; uniform of,

VIII., 77, 78, 226, 229.
Zouaves, "Hush Hawkins" (see

also Rush Hawkins): VIII., 229.

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