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DBPAHTMENT OF MINES, SYDNEY.
MINERAL PRODUCTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES,
HAKKIE WOOD, Kaq.,
UKDEH-SECR^ARY FOB MISE3.
NOTES ON THE GEOLOGY OF NEW SOUTH WALES,
C. S. WILKINSON, Eb?., F.G.S., F.L.S.,
OEOLOOICAL SUBYETOR IN CHARGE.
DESCRIPTION OF THE MINERALS OF NEW SOUTH WALES,
ARCHIBALD XIVERSIDaE, EaQ., F.R.S., F.C.S., F.G.S., Ac,
PROFESSOR OF MINERALOOY IN THE UNIVERSIXr OF SYDNEY.
CiTAlOGUii OF WORKS, PAPERS, REPORTS, AND MAPS ON THE GEOLOGY,
PAli;0NT010GY, MINERALOGY, &C, M., OF THE AUSTRALIAN
CONTINENT AND TASMANIA,
KOBEBT ETHEBIDGE, JnNB., Ex).,
OF TUE BRITISH UCSEL'U,
EOBEET LOGAN JACK, Eb«., F.RG.S., F.G.S.,
OOVERNUENT GEOLOOISTFOR NORTHERN QUEENSLAND.
SYDNEY : THOMAS RICHAEDS, UOVERNMEKT PRINTER.
Cx
j LELAND
LIBRARY S
OF THE I
ND STANFORD JUNIOR i
UNIVERSITY. J
7 3 '^'
• • t
• • •<
• • <
• • •
• •
• ••
• •
• • •
y/
MINERAL PRODUCTS' 0¥ NEW SOUTH WALES.
BY
HARRIE WOOD, Esq.,
UNDER-SEOBKTAR^ FOB MINES.
11a 137—02 (A)
MINERAL PRODUCTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
The Honorable Arthur Renwick, M.P., Minister tor Mines, Ac. «fea Ac.
Sir,
With a view to the publication of the latest and fullest information touching the
geology, mineralogy, and products of mining in this Colony, separate from the. local informa-
tion contained in the Annual Keports of the Department, I have the honor to submit the
following facts in regard to our mineral products, and appended thereto the very valuable notes
by the Geological Surveyor in Charge (C. S. Wilkinson, Esq., F.G.S., F.L.S.) upon the geology
of New South Wales, and the very complete paper upon the minerals of this Colony kindly sup-
plied by Professor Liversidge, F.RS., F.C.S., F.G.S., <fec., <fec., Sydney Uuivei-sity.
Also, the catalogue of works on the geology, palaeontology, mineralogy, mining, and
metallurgy of the Australian Continent and Tasmania, compiled by Kobt. Etheridge, jun.,
Esq., F.G.S., of the British Museum, and Robt. L. Jack, Esq., F.R.G.S., F.G.S., the Government
Geologist for Northern Queensland.
The development of the mineral vesources of New South Wales continues to make steady
progress.
Previous to the year 1851 coal was the only mineral raised, and even up to the year 1871
the only minerals which had been worked were coal, shale, gold, copper, and antimony ; but
during the ten years ending 31 December, 1881, tin, silver, iron, lead, asbestos, and bismuth
have been added to our mineml products.
The important progress that the mining industry of New South Wales has made is
apparent when we compare the value of the mineral production of the past ten years with that
of the production of each of the four preceding decades : —
£
Value of minerals raised during the ten years ending 1841 = 81,275
1851 = 634,937
„ „ 1861 = 14,276,637
1871 = 16,638,574
1881 = 23,441,890
>> »» *»
The value of the coal raised prior to 1832 is ^4,194.
Such returns cannot fail to show the increasing and national importance of the mining
interests of New South Wales.
4
as
,r-»
• • •
The quantity and valine o£>i]ie/vari
— I 1 — ■■■ , ■ — T :* * «
various minerals produced to the end of the year 1881 are
Ifineral.
Quantity.
Value.
Gold
CkMl.
Tin
(Metal
(Ore ...
(Metal
Copper <
( Ore and regulufl.
Shale
Silver
Iron,
Antimony
Metal
Ore and regalua
Lead
ABbestofi
Bismuth
Mixed minerals,
9.225,179-61 oz.
23,881,479 tons
48,055 tons 5^ cwt.
14,212 tons 7 cwt.
43,929 tons 10 cwt
3,205 tons 14^ cwt.
241,284 tons
726,77914 oz.
10,900 tons 8 cwt.
311 tons4J cwt.
631 tons 19 cwt.
191 tons 13 cwt
12 tons 8 cwt.
12 tons 10 cwt.
369 tons 5 cwt.
Total minerals
£ s. d.
34,343,857 4 2
12,255,307 13 8
4,339,577
3,213,558
. 581,046 15
178,405
117,357 4
29,176
5,025
323
2,728 14
11,147
£55,077,508 7 2
As indicating the relative quantities and value of the different minerals annually raised
since the commencement of gold-mining in the year 1851, the accompanying diagrams, A, B, 0,
are of special interest, for they show at a glance not only the fluctuations in the yearly produc-
tion of the several minerals but also (in A) the progressive rise in the annual average of the
aggregate value of the minerals.
Notwithstanding the decrease in the value of the average annual production of gold from
£1,259,864 in 1871 to -£1,107,560 in 1881, there has been an increase in the average annual
production of all the minerals taken together of from £1,475,372 in 1871 to £1,755,635 in 1881.
The development of tin-mining, which commenced in the year 1872, has mainly con-
tributed to this result ; but there has also beep a considerable increase in the value of the output
of coal and copper.
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6
Coal.
The coal measures embrace an area of about 23,950 square mile& The seams worked
vary from 3 feet to 25 feet in thickness, are nearly horizontal, and are in some localities con-
siderably above sea-level. There are at the present time forty-one collieries at work, employing
in the aggregate above and below ground 4,125 miners and others. In addition to the foregoing
there are two mines at which very valuable seams of petroleum oil, cannel coal, or kerosene
shale are being worked. The number of men employed at these mines above and below ground
is 231. Since 1865, when the working of these seams commenced, the output has been 241,284
tons, valued at £581,046.
There are three principal coal-mining districts : the Hunter River and Newcastle Coal-
field, situated to the north of Sydney ; the Southern or lUawarra Coal-field ; and the Western
or Lithgow Coal-field, ujwn the Great Western EaiJ way-line, about 95 miles west from the
metropolis. Coal is also being worked near Berrima, between lUawarra and Lithgow ; and
some seams are known to occur in the country lying between Lithgow and the Hunter River:
Sydney, therefore, occupies an almost central position with regard to the coal-mining districts,
and beyond these coal has been discovered in different parts of the Colony, viz., near Liverell,
Denisontown, Dubbo, Barraba, Clarence, <kc.
The seams of coal at present worked occur in the Upper and Lower Coal Measures, in
both of which characteristic fossil plants of the genera Glossopteris and FhyUotheca are found,
while associated only with the Lower Coal Measures are marine beds containing Spirifers^
ProductcBj and Ortlioceras, with other fauna of Carboniferous age. The Newcastle or Upper
Coal Measures are believed to be of Permian age.
The seams of petroleum oil cannel coal, or kerosene shale, also occur in the Coal
Measures. At Greta or Anvil Creek it forms irregular layers sometimes over 6 inches thick in
the main bituminous coal seam ; also at America Creek, in one part of the mine, the seam of
kerosene shale was found to change into bituminous coal ; but at the Joadja Creek and Hartley
mines it forms distinct scams, attaining a thickness of 5 feet in the latter mine.
Kerosene shale occurs near Gulgong, Murrurundi, and several other localities. " It has
unquestionably resulted," says tlie late Rev. W. B. Clarke. **from the local deposition of some
resinous wood, and passes generally into ordinary coal, many portions of the same bed in the
Illawarra mines exhibiting the impress of fronds of Glossopteris as plainly as they are shown in
ordinary coal shale." * * * " Presuming that the origin above suggested is correct,
viz , the occasional occurrence in the ancient deposits of trees of a peculiar resinous constitution,
there is no anomaly in finding in one spot a mere patch amidst a coal seam (as in the case of
Anvil Creek, on the Hunter River), or thick-bedded masses of greater area, as in the coal seams
of Mount York or of America Creek, in the Illawarra, depending upon the original amount of
drift timber."
In I7ie Minerals of New South Wales, by Professor Liversidge, the following analyses
are given : —
Greta.
Moisture '48
Volatile hydrocarbons 61*66
Fixed carbon 25*13
Ash (grey) 13-21
100-00
Murrurundi.
No. 1. No. 2.
Moisture 1*00 1-01
VolatUe hydrocarbons 66*33 71*70
Fixed cfrbon r 6*27 6*17
Ash £-ry 26*40 21-12
10000 100*00
Hartley. Wollonqong.
VoUtuThydrocarbonB ( ^^'^ ^'^
Fixed carbon 4*97 6-60
Aflh(grey) 12-79 11-00
100-00 100-00
Specific gravity = 1-238.
The shale yields on an average about 150 gallons of crude oil per ton, which contains
over 60 per cent of refined kerosene oil, and the remaining products consist of gasoline, benzine,
spongaline, paraffin, wood-preserving composition, and lubricating oil.
Its gas-producing capabilities amount to the large yield of over 18,000 cubic feet of gas,
with an illuminating power of thirty-eight to forty candles. On this accoimt it has been found
advantageous for mixing with ordinary coal in the manufacture of gas.
The following report was furnished by Mr. W. A. Dixon, F.C.S., F.I.O., upon the
analysis of coals from the principal coal-fields of the world, which come, or may come, into com-
petition with the coals of this Colony : —
The analyses of foreign coals collated number 198 ; those of the coals of New South Wales 44 ; and
are appended in tabular form. The former have been collected from various sources, and are authenticated by
the name of the analysts. Those of Tookey and Ward are (j^uoted from Dr. Percy's ' ' Metallurgy. " These and
some others are, however, not given by them in a form which would admit of comparison with the published
analysis of Colonial coals — ^an ultimate analysis being always given, which has rendered necessary the calcu-
lation of the results into the proximate form which is here in use. This, if accompanied by a description of
the coal, coke, and ash, gives as much information as is required to form a practical estimate of the vaiue of a
coal, although the theoretical calorific effect cannot be calculated ; but this is not of so much importance, as
it is impossible to sav from it what the practical worth of a coal would be if burned under different conditions,
or of different coals burned under the same conditions. It is unfortunate that, in the analysis of the Queens-
land and New Zealand coals obtainable, there are no determinations of sulphur nor of specific gravity which
are of much importance, nor is any description of the coal, coke, or ash given, which precludes their proper
classification.
The classification I have followed is that of Percy, who divides all into anthracite, bituminous, and
hydrous coals or lignite ; the second class, which includes all the coalB worked in this Colony, being furthur
divided into coki^ and non-coking, and the latter into cherry or soft coal, and splint or hard coaL These
varieties, however, shade off into one another, and no distinct line of demarcation can be 'drawn between
them, although the characteristic examples of any class are easily recognised.
Each class of coalproduced here may best be compared with similar ones obtained elsewhere, and, as
the coal of the Northern District is undoubtedly the best for general purposes, that may be taken first.
Of these coals there are fourteen analyses, of which Nos. 3, 4, 8, 11, 13, and 14 were made from samples
fresh from the pit ; the other eight samples were taken from the whole thickness of the seams, exhibitea in
the coal trophy at the late International Exhibition, excluding those bands which are rejected in working the
seams. These samples had been already subjected to a severe test in being exposed to the action of the air
and weather during seven months of an Australian summer, and had passed through the ordeal triumphantly,
as they had no appearance of weathering, and the coal immediately below the sunace was as bright as when
fresh from the pit. The analyses bear out this conclusion, as there is no greater difference than is naturally
to be expected in different samples from the same pit examined by different persons, except perhaps in the
sulphur, which in most cases was a shade lower than in the fresh coaL It was one of the points of import-
ance laid down by the Commission appointed by the Admiralty to investigate British coals for the purposes
of the Navy, which was superintendea generally by Sir Henry de la Beche and Dr. Lvon Playfair, whose
reports to the Qovemment were condud^ in 1851, that coal *' should not progressively aecay, which renders
it liable to spontaneous combustion.'' No better test of this property could be made than that to which these
ooals have been subjected.
* Another condition laid down by the same Commission was that " it should possess considerable cohesion
of its particles, so that it may not be broken into too small fragments by the constant attrition which it may
experience in the vessel." This is fulfilled in our Northern coals, which are, with few exceptions, firm and
not too easily crushed.
8
Another point was '* that it should combine a considerable density with such mechanical structure that
it may be easily stowed away " in small space — a condition which in coals of equal evaporatiye value often
involves a difference of 20 per cent. Comparing, therefore, the specific weight of British coals with ours, I
give in the following table the average specific gravities of various coals with the highest and lowest : —
Average. Highest Lowest
1st. 14 samples, Newcastle, New South Wales 1*311 1'347 1*280
2nd. 17 „ Newcastle, Enghmd 1*246 1*286 1*160
3rd. 8 „ Derbyshire 1*284 1*317 1*264
4th. 28 „ Lancashire 1*279 1*350 1*209
5th. 36 „ Welsh, from the Admiralty Investigation
Report 1*318 1*386 1*252
This shows that our Newcastle coal is much denser than the English Newcastle, with which it comes
into oompetition in the Eastern markets, and which it most resembles m properties. It is also Idjdier than
those of I)erbyshire and Lancashire, the latter of which is shipped to the South American West Ckmst from
Liverpool, whilst it is very little inferior in that respect to the coals of South Wales. The economic weight
or the space in cubic feet occupied by 1 ton would thus be in its favour, as against oU these English coals, .
by about 3 cubic feet or 6 per cent. , so that a steamer's bunkers would hold about 6 per cent, more coal than
if she was supplied by English Newcastle.
The following table shows the average and highest and lowest|peroentage of sulphnr in diffsrent
ooals: —
AveFBge. Highest Lowest
ItL 14 samples, Newcastle, New South Wales 0*91 1*46 0*49
2nd. 17 „ Newcastle, England 1*24 2*86 0*06
3rd. 31 „ Welsh 1*34 8*42 0*64
4th. 8 „ Derbyshire 1*06 1*42 0*72
6th. 28 „ Lancashire 1*37 3*04 0-62
^ In this' oase the results show— contrary to what I believe to be the general opinion — ^that our coal
oontains on an average less than the coals of any of the most celebrated coal-fields of Great Britain. The
highest is less in all cases except that of the Derbyshire collieries ; and although the minimum does not reach
that of some of the British samples, it shows that we have for all praotiotl purposes sulphur-free coals.
This is a point of very considerable importance, not only as lessening the risk of spontaneous combustion as
mentioned in the report of the Commission to the Admiralty, but also allowing larffe quantities of coal to be
bnmed without rendering the atmosphere impure. It has recentlv been shown that at St. Helen's, where
Lancashire coals are usea, over 800 tons of sulphuric acid are weekly* poured into the atmosphere from that
source alone, dwarfing into insignificance the escape of gases from the smelting and chemical works in the
neighbourhood, in whose case the evil is only more patent from being mora concentrated. The continual
sending* of large quantities of sulphurous oxide into the atmosphere, where it is rapidly converted into
sulphuric acid, has a most injurious effect on vegetation, and is the chief reason of the difficulty of preserving
trees in populous places where coal containing much sulphur is burned.
For the purpose of gas-makins freedom from sulphur is a great advantage, as the sulphur compounds
formed during the process are difficmt to romove, and gas containing them being burned, they aro converted
into sulphuric acid, which exerts its destructive agency as it slowly but surely accumulates in bookbindings, f
pictures, and other articles of furniture in the dwelling of the consumer.
The quantity of ash in a coal is of some importance, as it represents so much useless matter, which
entails expense in removing, and if in large quantity impedes free combustion. The averages, highest, and
lowest are as follows : —
Average. Highest Lowest
14 samples, Newcastle, New South Wales 4*97 7'80 3*84
31 „ Welsh 4*16 11*37 1*62
17 „ Newcastle, England 3*82 9*12 0*20
8 „ Derbyshire 2*64 4*64 1*23
28 „ Lancashire 4*64 14*34 1*09
In respect of ash, the coals of our Northern Districts do not on an average stand so well as the English
ooal, and the disadvantage is greater when we examine the minimum amounts. The difference is, however,
v^fire than compensated K>r by the greater specific gravity and consequently economic weight, which enables
a ship to carry more cargo, as the height is in most cases in excess of the value of the coal at the point of
departure.
The last point to which attention has to be directed is the amount of volatile hydrocarbons. The
presence of these in quantity has both advantages and disadvantages according to the purpose to which the
coal is applied. As noted in the Admiraltv report, it is disadvanta^ous for men-of-war, and equally so for
all steamers in time of war, as such coal in the conditions under which it can be burned on board snip prodmoes
nraoh smoke, and thus betrays the position of a steamer when it would be advantageous for ofimisive or
* Dr. O. Lunge Ohem. News. ZLI, 14. f Ripley. Ctktm. Newt. ZU, 9L
HighMt
Lowest
42-84
33*23
37-63
9-57
43-80
26-91
45-90
32-82
47-87
32-43
defenttve xeaaona to keep it concealed. Another objection to the use of bituminous coal on boazd ihip ia that,
producing durinff combustion in marine boilers much smoke, it deposits a heavy coating of soot in tne boiler
tubes ; t£e soot oeing a bad conductor reduces the generation of steam and necessitates a continual sweeping of
the tubes. On the other hand, highly bituminous strongly caking coal is adyantageous for land purposes, as
it allows the small to be used to much greater advanta^ than is the case with the small of the less bituminous
sorts, whilst the wide flues of land boilers are not so easily interfered with. The objections detailed aboye are,
however, equally applicable to the small cooking ranges of American patterns, which are not designed for
such fuel. For gas-making a high percentage of nydrocarbons is of course invaluable.
In the following averages I have had to take the bituminous matter and water together, as in most of
the analyses of the English coals they are not given separately, which is unfortunate, as a comparison cannot
be made so advantageously : —
Avenfce.
14 samples, Newcastle, New South Wales 37-55
31 „ Welsh 21-15
17 „ Newcastle, England 36*44
8 „ Derbyshire 39*12
28 „ Lancashire 40-61
These results show that for purposes where avoidance of smoke is an object we cannot compete with
Welsh coals, whilst for gas-making ours are on a par with English Newcastle.
In conclusion, the results point out that the coal from our Northern Ck>al-field is practically equal for
all purposes to the best English coal, on the average of both, except that that of New South Wales, for the
use of steamers, has tiie advantage of giving a more perfect combustion, with freedom from smoke.
The remarks I have made with regard to resistance to weather action on the Northern coals apply
equally to those of the Southern Coast District. Analyses Noe. 1-2 were probably, and No. 7 was certaixQy,
made upon coal {resh from the pits, whilst the remainder have been exposed during seven months. These
coals differ from those of the iforthem Ck>al-field in havins generally a duller appearance, higher specific
gravity, greater percentage of ash, and a less percentage of volatile hydrocarbons, in which they approach
more cloMly the Welsh steam coal. They are of the free-burning, bituminous description.
' The specific gravities compared with thirty-six samples of Welsh coal from the Admiralty report are as
follows : —
Avenge, Highest. Lowest
7 samples, Southern coal 1-374 1*404 1*354
36 „ Welsh 1-318 1*385 1-252
On the average these numbers would give a gain in economic weight of about 5 per cent, in favour of
our coals over those of South Wales. The results of the other constituents are : —
Sulphur. Avenge,
7 samples, Southern coal 0*65
31 „ Welsh 1-31
Aih.
7 samples, Southern ooal 10*25
81 „ Welsh 4*14
Bltuminoos matter.
7 samples, Southern coal 20*84
81 „ Welsh 20*09
These Southern coals appear therefore on the average to be not very much below those of South Wales
in value. Of the latter, some are verv much better, some very much worse, tiian the average, whilst there
is not so much difference in those of this district. So far as stowage is concerned, the increase of ash is to
some extent or perhaps entirely compensated for by the increased sposific ffraviiy , — that is to say, that a
steamer which could carry a hundred tons of averaffe coal of South Wsles m her bunkers could carry 105
tons of our Southern coal; but the quantity of actual combustible matter would be the same, the additional 5
tons being ash. This does not afford an equivalent to the sliffhtly increased stoking, and the labour conse-
anent on the removal of the ash, and the coal would necessarily be worth 5 per cent less when delivered into
lie bunkers. Although the amount of volatile hydrocarbons averages about the same as that of the Welsh
coal, it is neater than that of those which are regarded as steam coals par txeeUtnce, and hence our coals
would evolve more smoke, and suffer from its attendant disadvantages.
B
HiKfaest
Lowest
0*99
3*42
0-28
0-64
11*28
11*37
8-76
1-62
23-51
32-78
18-22
8-57
10
The coals of the Western District differ considerably from the others, and suffer much more from the
motion of the weather. They can be coked when fresh from the pit, but after exposure lose this property,
at the same time generally parting with 6 or 6 per cent, of their volatile matter. The analyses Nos. 1, 4, 6,
and 8 were probably made m>m fresh samples, whilst Nos. 2, 3, 5, and 9 had been exposed daring seyen
months, whilst No. 7 had also probably been so for some time. In two of the first enumerated samples
whidi did coke the product was not of much value, whilst in the other no true coke could be obtained. Coals
whidi behave in this manner generally contain an excess of oxygen, which causes a loss of heat during the
combustion of the coal, and iniich, acting on the hydrocarbons of the coal on exposure, causes a loss of
volatile matter.
The following shows the average composition of these coals, from the nine analyses which have been
made : —
Avenge. Highest Lowest
Specific gravity 1-347 1-400 1-326
Water 2-29 2-90 1-96
Volatile matter 30*42 35*02 26-84
Fixed carbon 65-94 61-34 49-97
Ash 10-31 12-91 9-26
Sulphur 1-03 1-75 0*57
Those coals, from their general character and properties, are unlikely to be ever exported largely, and
hence it is scarcely necessary to go into a detailed comparison with others ; but both these, and numerous
others not now worked, or worked in a small way only, are quite as well fitted for immediate local use as a
fireat many coals worked in Great Britain, France, the United States of America, and elsewhere. It appears
From the comparison instituted above that the produce of our coal-mines in the Northern and Southern Dis-
tricts has not much to fear in competition with the principal coals of Great Britain, except a certain prejudice
in favour of a knpwn article by engineers and others, provided it can be put on the market to which it is sent
at about the same price. The coak of the other European countries and of Eastern North America do not
now and do not seem likely to enter into the competition, and hence we may dismiss them as devoid of
interest.
•
It now remains to examine what other coals may, for local use or exportation be brought into the
xnarket to the exclusion of both English and Australian ; and here there appears to be matter for jfprave con-
sideration. It is evident that if a coal can be obtained without the cost of n-eight it must almost invariably
be cheaper than one imported ; and even if its efficiency is 25 or 30 per cent, below the imported it will h&
cheaper for local use, and it is only for the use of ocean-going steamers or particular purposes that a better
ooal would be in demand. We have therefore to look not merely at the coals that are as good or better than
our own, but at others which, though not so good, are usable.
On looking down the tables of analyses of coals from various sources, it will be seen that in Vancouver's
Island there are three coals which bear comparison with those of our Southern Coal-fields. The first analysis
on the list shows such large percentages of sulphur and ash as to place it considerably lower ; but as the coal
is stated to contain films of calcium carbonate, it is possible that some of the sulphur may be present as
sulphate of calcium, and even if it were present in other forms of combination, the carbonate would retain
much of it in burning, and thus prevent its disperaion in the atmosphere, though it would not prevent a
tendency to spontaneous combustion.
From Chili there is one coal of about the same value, and two from the Straits of Magellan, which are
considerably better than our Southern coal, and of the same class. The second coal (lignite from Lota) from
CSiili is of comparatively little value, and its use would necessarily be limited and quite locaL There are
other coal seams known, and some of them are being opened out on the west coast oi America, especially in
the North, but of these I have been unable to procure analyses.
In the Indian Archipelago Labuan, a British possession on the coast of Borneo, yields four coals, any
of which would successfullv compete with those of our Northern District for gas-making, though they are not
quite so suitable for general use. The occurrence of a coal of almost exactly similar character at Sarawak, in
Borneo, not far from the coast, and distant from Labuan about 400 miles, would indicate the existence of
extensive deposits. The two coals from Sumatra are quite equal to any we can produce ; for, although the
quantity of water contained in them is somewhat high, the ash and sulphur are low, and Dr. Percy gives
them an excellent character. It seems likely, considering the character ot these deposits, the cheapness of
the labour procurable, and their proximity to some of our principal markets, that they may before long
seriously interfere with our trade, an evil which will be precipitated by the artificial price which it has been
attempted to obtain for our produce.
The coals of India hitherto discovered have been of inferior qualitv; the analyses of two from
Hyderabad, on the Indus, which are given, show them to be about on a par with those of our Western District.
On the oUier side of the Peninsula, at Kanigunj, about 120 miles above Calcutta, there is an extensive coal-
Md, but I have been unable to fijid any analysis from it» nor from any of the other twenty-one known coal
fields of India. The following notes by V. Ball, M.A., of the Geoloffical Survey of India,' gives some infor-
mation as to this field : — " The Ranignnj Coal-field is the largest ana most important of mb areas in whioh
11
coal is worked in India. Its proximity to the line of railway and the port of Calcutta tends to ffive it
pre-eminence over other less favourably situated localities. The total area of coal-bearing rocks wnioh is
exposed is about 500 square miles, but it is possible that the area may be double that. At the present time
(1879) there are six principal European companies encaged in the extraction of coal, while manv minor firms
and native associations swell the total amount raised. Many of the seams are of considerable thickness —
one which is worked contains nearly 40 feet of coal. Compared with ordinary English coal, the Banignnj
coals and Indian coals generallv are very inferior in workug power, still they are capable of generatinff
steam in both locomotive and other engines, and for this purpose several hundred thousand tons are raise?
annually."
In China there are extensive coal-fields, which were reported on by Professor Pumpelly, of Harvard
College, but such samples, with one exception, as. have been examined have been of inferior quality. 150
tons of this exceptional coal was supplied to H.M.S. " Weasel," at Taku, for $12 per ton. ** It proved equal
in all respects to the best Welsh coal ; it bums clearly and without smoke, and produces the same percentage
of clinJcers and ash as Welsh coaL With the best coal supplied to the '* Weasel" on the station her tubes
required sweeping after the lapse of twenty-four hours, whereas with this coal she ran three days without
sweeping." Its analysis is given second on the list of Chinese coals, and bears out this report. The high
price appears to be mainly due to -the expensive means of transit, as the coal had to be packed on camels 30
miles, and then conveyed by boat 120 miles ; but improved means of communication would render it a
dangerous rival in one of our best foreign markets.
Office
says No.
of volatile hydrocarbon would indicate, however, that the^ scarcely belong to the class of steam coals,
the name is usually applied, but rather to the highly bituminous class, excelling in this respect those of our
Northern District.
The Queensland coals are generally high in ash, and such specimens as I have seen have been dull-
coloured and tender, which decreases their vidue for export purposes or for use on board ship, even if they
had such low ash percentage as that of the Burrum Mine. In Tasmania there does not appear to be any
workable coal of value for other than strictly local use. fiy strictly local use I mean in the immediate
neighbourhood of the mine, and in this respect they di£fer from the Queensland coals, which, although un-
suitable for the purposes mentioned, must certainly command the market for land purposes within a large
radius.
New Zealand, on the other hand, produces coal of excellent quality, and some of the specimens ex-
hibited, with coke made from them, in the late Exhibition, were verv good. This was especiaUy the case
with the Brunner and Coal Pit Heath coal from Greymouth, and that irom the Bay of Islands. The first of
these Companies now ships coal at 12s. fid. per ton, and the second, working an 18-feet seam, at 12s., and the
analyses, as far as they go, show them to be little if anything inferior to our Northern coal. The Westport
Company (anal^is No. 4) are now opening out their seam at tiie Mount Rochford Mine, 30 feet in thickness,
and the analysis shows it to be a good cosi, with less ash than any in New South Wales.
In New Caledonia there are several coal seams, but I know nothing of their composition or work-
ableness.
The result therefrom appears to be that, with the exception of Victoria and South Australia, in neither
of which have any coal-seams of value been found hitherto, all our principal markets have sources of supply
nearer at hand. In some instances the quality, though cood enough for local use, is not equal to ours — in
others it is as sood ; so that we have more to fear from the development of ^ these fields than from coals sent
from distant pUces. The coals of New Zealand are, however, of such quality as to render it possible they
may enter into competition with ours in markets outside of that Colony. Nothing^ appears more likely to
encourage mining enterprise elsewhere than uncertainty inthe supply and a coal famine such as now exis^ in
Melbourne — a market of which we have hitherto had a monopoly, and which takes one-fourth of our total
production, might easily, when their mines are opened out, attract coal from New Zealand.
In boghead mineral, or kerosene shale as it is called here, we can compete against the whole world.
The two deposits of this mineral which are now being worked are infinitely superior to anything that has
ever been obtained elsewhere, both in the quantity and qualitv of the gas whicn maj be produced from it.
The density of the eas is so great, and the mineral is so fusible in the retorts, that it is not convenient for
use alone ; but the nigh illuminating power of the gas, which is equal to forty-two or forty-three standard
candles, with a burner consuming 5 cubic feet per hour, renders it invaluable as an addition to ordinary
bituminous coal. The illuminating power of the gas from the latter beinff low, it seldom gives satisfac^ry
results, especially in foggy weather ; but a small percentage (5 or 6) of this mineral so improves the l^ght
that a large demand is springing up in England ; indeed it appears probable that before long the deposits at
present known and worked will be unable to afford a sufficient supply.
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22
Gold.
Mining for gold in Australia commenced in the year 1851, but the discovery of gold is
recorded as far back as 1823. Mr. Surveyor M'Brian in his field notes of the survey of the
Fish River, between Tarana and O'Oonnell, states, — "February 15, 1823. At 81*50 to river,
and marked gum-iaree. At this place I found numerous particles of gold in the sand in the hills
convenient to the river."
In 1839 Count Strzelecki found auriferous pyrites.
In 1841— 23rd and 24th February— Bev. W. B. Clarke, M.A., F.RS., discovered gold
in situ in the granite formation between Hartley and Hassan's Walls, and at the bead of
Winbumdale Rivulet. He very shortly afterwards spoke of the abundance of gold likely to be
found in the Colony, and as early as 1843 mentioned it generally. In 1844 he avowed a sample
to the Governor of New South Wales, Sir George Gipps, who said, " Put it away, Mr. Clarke,
or we shall all have our throats cut''
Professor Geekie, Director of H.M. Geological Survey of Scotland, in his " Life of
Murchison " thus refers to Mr. Clarke's discovery of gold, — "The first explorer who prodaimed
the probable auriferous veins of Australia on true scientific grounds, that is, by obtaining gold
in situ and tracing the present rock through the country, was the Rev. W. B. Clarke, MA.|
F.RS., who, originally a clergyman in England, has spent a long and laborious life in working
out the geological structure of his adopted country, New South Wales. He found gold in 1841,
and exhibited it to numerous members of the Legislature, declaring, at the same time, his
belief in its abundanca While, therefore, geologists in Europe were guessing, he, having
actually found the precious metal, was tracing its occurrence far and near on the ground.''
In 1843 or '44, Macgregor, a shepherd, is said to have found gold in the Wellington
district.
In 1844 Sir Roderick Murchison, from an examination of a collection of rock specimens
from Australia, pointed out the resemblance of the Australian mountain chain to that of the
TJraL " But," he says, "it so far differs from the Ural and many other meridian chains, in
having as yet offered no trace of gold or auriferous veins." But, in 1846, he writes, *^I now
learn, however, that fine specimens of gold have been found in the western flank of the Austra-
lian Cordillera, particularly at the settlement of Bathurst, where it occurs in fragments composed
of the same matrix (viz., quartz-rock) as in the Ural. My friend and associate at the Imperial
Academy of Petersburg, Colonel Helmersen, has recently suggested that a careful search for gold
in the Australian debris will, it is highly probable, lead to its detection in abundance ; I, there-
fore, encouraged the unemployed miners of Cornwall to emigrate and dig for gold." Sir
Roderick also stated that, in the year 1848, a resident in Sydney (Mr. T. W. Smith), who had
read what he had written and spoken on the point, had sent him specimens of gold ore found in
the Blue Mountains. This was probably the person referred to in the official despatch from Sir
C. A. Fitz Roy to Earl Grey, dated June 11, 1851. *' About two years ago a Mr. Smith, who
was engaged in some works near Berrima, produced to the Colonial Secretary a lump of gold
embedded in quartz, which he said he had picked up at a certain place which he offered to make
known to the Government upon being previously rewarded for the intelligence by the payment
to him of a large sum. The obvious reply to this offer was that the €k>vemment could enter
into no blind bargain on such a subject ; but that if Mr. Smith thought proper to trust to the
liberality of the Government, he might rely upon being rewarded in proportion to the value of
the alleged discovery, when that was ascertained. Mr. Smith refused to accede to this proposal,
and there the matter rested."
In 1849 a shepherd boy was reported to have found a nugget of gold in the Pyrenees
(Victoria).
On 3rd April, 1851, Mr. E. H Hargraves, who had recently returned from California,
addressed a letter to the Colonial Secretary stating that he had been prospecting for two months,
and offered to point out the localities in which he had discovered gold to any officer of the
Government on condition of the Government awarding him the sum of £500 as a compensation.
To this the Government directed that a similar answer should be given to that returned to the
former proposal of Mr. Smith.
28
On the dOth April Mr. Hargraves replied that he was saidafied to leave the remuneration
for his discovery to the liberal consideration of the Government, and named the localitieB where
the gold would be found. The localities named by Mr. Hargraves were ** Lewis Ponds and Summer
Hill Greeks, Maoquarie and Rivers, in the districts of Bathurst and Wellington."
Mr. Hargraves was requested to place himself in communication with Mr. Stutchbury,
Grovemment G^logist, who was instructed to inspect and report This Mr. Stutchbury did on
the 14th May, coniirming the news of the discovery. It appears that in the first instance Mr.
Hargraves, in company with Mr. John Lister, discovered gold — about 5 grains — on 12 February,
1851, at Lewis Ponds Creek, within 2 miles trom Ophir. The Messrs. Lister and Tom were
then instructed by Mr. Hargraves how to wash for gold, and after prospecting for some time
they at last, in April following, discovered payable gold at Fitzroy Bar, now called Ophir. The
discovery being made known, persons of all classes flocked to the place, and soon proved the
occurrence of extensive auriferous deposits in the beds of the creek and in the alluvial £fats in
the locality, and thus the first gold-field in Australia sprang into existence. Referring to this,
Mr. Stutchbury reported — on 25th May, 1851 -—that at the diggings at Summer E[ill Creek,
upon an extent of about a mile, there were not less than 1,000 persons, many of them getting
large quantities of gold, the heaviest lump then found being 4 fi>s. in weight.
Prospecting operations were immediately directed to other districts throughout the
Colony, and many of our principal gold-fields were opened up during this year. The district of
Port Phillip, now called Victoria, was separated from New South Wales on the 1st July, 1851,
and a few weeks after that date the Ballarat, Mount Alexander, and other Victorian gold-fields
were discovered. Similarly the opening of the gold-fields in Queensland occurred about the
time — 1859 — of the severance of ^at territory from New Bouth Wales. The gold production
of those Colonies, therefore, is not included in the returns of the quantity of gold raised in New
South Wales. Since 1851, when our auriferous deposits were first worked, the quantity of gold
raised so far as can be ascertained is 9,225,179 ozs., valued at £34,343,857. The number of
gold-miners in the Colony in 1881 is estimated at 7,556, but many of them are only occasionally
engaged in mining.
The distance between .the Albert Gold-field and the Delegate Gold-field being 672 miles,
and between the latter and the Ballina Gold-field being 600 miles, it will be seen that gold-fields
are distributed over the greater part of the Colony. Notwithstanding that the search for gold
has been carried on for thirty years, new fields or new deposits are continually being discovered,
some of them in localities which were supposed to have been thoroughly examined. Some of
the fields recently discovered promise to equal in extent and richness any discovered in the
early days ; while our oldest fields, though apparently exhausted as far as the miner unaided by
capital and skill is capable of exhausting them, yet contain deposits of gold which will yield a
rich harvest to the skilled miner who shcdl bring to bear upon them appliances such as are being
successfully employed elsewhere.
In order to encourage the introduction of such a system of mining as will lead to the
profitable working of localities from which the operative miner can no longer extract a living by
means of the pick and shovel alone, it will be necessary to provide security of tenure over
comparatively large areas subject to the employment of necessary appliances and labour.
Grold has always been found in association with certain formations, and the extent of
country occupied by these is about 70,000 square miles — or nearly one-fourth of the whole area
of the colony, — a considerable portion of which has not yet beeoi touched by the pick of the
miner.
Gold-bearing quartz ree& have been found in New South Wales in sedimentary rocks of
Upper Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous ages ; also in homblendic granites, porphyry, diorite,
and serpentine ; While the deposits which contain alluvial or waterwom gold in payable quantity,
and which have been derived from the degradation of these formations, are of Permian,
Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Quartemary ages.
Auriferous quartz reefs in the Upper Silurian formation have been worked at Hill End
and Tambaroora, Trunkey, Temora, Mount Brown, Ac ; in the Devonian, at Nana Creek,
Boorook, Ac ; in the Carboniferous, at Barrington or Copeland ; in homblendic granites, at
Braidwood, Adelong, <fec. ; in porphyry, at Grenf ell ; in diorite, at Gulgong, Temora, Parkea,
24
&c ; in serpentine, at Gundagai, Lucknow, ^ The reefs vary from a few inches to 10 feet
in width, though occasionally they attain a greater thickness. They generally have a meridional
strike, especially where they traverse the Silurian formation ; but in many localities the strike
runs in other directions. Thus at Hill End, Trunkey, and Adelong, the prevailing strike is
about N. and S. ; at Dahnorton, from E. 10' N. to E. 30' S. ; at Grenfell, N.E. ; at Temora
and Oopeland, from N.E. to E. and S.R
In these reefs the gold seldom occurs without one or more of the following sulphurets
pyrites, galena, mispickel, blende, and copper pyrites ; calcite is also frequently present, and
barytes rarely. At Hill End portions of the reefs contain potash mica (muscovite). " In some
places the mica was found to entirely replace the quartz, and here the gold was found to be
excessively rich."* These reefs traverse chlorite slate, clay slates, and metamorphosed
conglomerates; the latter contain obscure impressions of encrinites, spiri/era, ajid /avoHtes,
The rich quartz veins at Lucknow occur along the line of junction of serpentine and
hornblende porphyry ; besides quartz, the vein-stuflf includes calcite, asbestos, ser})entine, and
abundance of mispickel, also a little magnetite ; the gold is sometimes visibly disseminated
through the mispickel and serpentinef
At Barmedman, in the Bland District, and at Cowarbee, in the Murrumbidgee District^
gold is not only found in the veins of quartz with pyrites and galena, but also in the cleavage
planes and joint-fissures of the adjoining slates. Near Glen Innes, in the New England District,
it has been found in bismuth ores.
At the Brown's Creek Mine,. 6 miles west from Blayney, an immense breccia lode has been
worked for many years. The gold is disseminated in fine particles throughout the lode, and also
in hard siliceous accretions which have been formed by segregation in the lode stuff ; the gold^
therefore, has evidently been deposited from solution. The lode has been extensively worked,
and yields an average of about 3 dwts. of gold per ton.
A quartz reef near Braidwood contains gold, cobalt, iron pyrites, copper pyrites, blendoi
and galena.
On several of the gold-fields the reefs contain much pyrites, which, on assay, have been
proved to be more or less rich in gold. New South Wales doubtless affords a very promialDg
field for the introduction of efficient appliances for the extraction of gold from pyrites.
A high yield of gold has, in some cases, been obtained from the silver lodes of Boorook,
the ores from which consist of chloride and sulphide of silver, with a little iodide of silver.
Throughout the gold-fields gold is always found to be more or less alloyed with silver
and occasionally with traces of cop^)er, iron, osmo-iridium, and other metals.
The greatest depth at which auriferous reefs have been worked in New South Wales is
940 feet, viz., in the Adelong United Gold-mine, Adelong.
At Araluen, XJralla, the Granite Diggings, near Mount Brown, and other diggings where
the formation consists of granite, the gold in the alluvium has evidently not only been derived
from quartz reefs but also from the granite rock itself.
Near Kockley gold occurs in altered talcose schista
The greater proportion of the gold hitherto raised has been from alluvial deposits.
These, as before mentioned, are of Permian, Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Quartemary ages.
The Permian deposits consist of pebble conglomerates forming the base of the Coal
Measures, or ** Glossopteris beds" at the Tallawang Diggings, and resting upon Silurian schists
traversed by quartz reefs from which the gold must originally have been derived. The
conglomerate yields from 1 to 15 dwt& of gold per to a, while nuggets weighing 5 oz. have been
obtained from it. The gold is generally in the form of flat scaly pieces, and waterwom.
*See Geological Map of Hill End and Tambaroora, by £. F. Pittman, Geological Surveyor, 1880.
tSee "Report on Wentworth Gold-field," by C. S. Wilkinson, F.G.S., F.L.S., Government Geologist,
in AnnucU Report^ Department qf Mines, 1881,
25
€k>ld has been recently discovered in the marine conglomerates and shale beds, which are
believed to be of Cretaceous age, and which rest upon the flanks of the Silurian, Devonian, and
granite formations in the Mount Brown or Albert Gold Fields.*^ It is probable that these marine
beds will only be found payably auriferous where they fill hollows or '^ gutters '' in the sur&u^e
of the older formations.
Of the Tertiary deposits, gold in payable quantity has been obtained from the Lower,
Middle, and Upper Pliocene alluvia, chiefly from the two latter. These are of fresh-water origin,
and consist of ancient river-drifts of pebbles, sand, and clays, the remains of auriferous
formations which had been disintegrated by denuding agencies during the erosion of the valleys.
^* The fossils found in these fluviatHe deposits or ' deep leads ' of the Middle and Upper Pliocene
beds are very numerous. Large trunks, branches, leaves, and fruits of trees, with ferns, bones
of extinct marsupials and birds, remains of insects and fresh-water mussel-shells, have been
exhumed from the clays and gravels of these old river beds. Of the fossil fruits, Baron von
Mueller, K.C.M.G., M. <fe Ph.D., F.RS., the distinguished Government Botanist of Victoria,
whose researches have thrown so much light upon the character of the vegetation of this period,
has described no less than thirteen genera and sixteen species of extinct forms, some of which
have living allies. It is worthy of remark that in Australia the Upper Pliocene is the oldest
formation in which the Eucalypti^ has been discovered ; it would therefore appear that this
genus, which now includes the principal forest trees of Australia, is, geologically speaking, of
comparatively recent introduction on the Continent"
In many localities the old river beds, or '' leads," as the miners term them, have been
overwhelmed by flows of volcanic rocks which are sometimes 200 feet thick ; consequently shafts
have to be sunk through thtf basalt, as on the Forest and other gold-fields, to reach the gold-
bearing gravels ; but where, as on the Cudgegong River, d^c., the basalt has been completely cut
through by the subsequent erosion of the valleys, the leads may be readily worked from adits
driven under the basalt.
From 1,546 loads of wash-dirt from one of the rich claims^ (four mens' ground) on the
Happy Valley Lead, near Gulgqng, 6,203ozs. of gold were obtained ; and from a claim on the
Canadian Lead, on the same gold-field, seven men in three years obtained, free of all expenses,
gold to the value of £28,000. One ounce of gold per load, though above the average yield,
is not an uncommon return from the wash-dirt of the Pliocene leads. Such leads are at the
present time (1882) being worked within the Temora Gold-field, where the depth of sinking
before reaching the aunferous drift varies from about 30 feet to 200 feet. But upon the
Gulgong, Parkes, Forbes, and other fields of gold-bearing fame, some of the leads have been
followed into deep ground where, owing to the heavy influx of water, they could not be further
profitably workd by the ordinary manual efforts of tiie miners. However, with the aid of steam
power and improved gold-saving appliances, they will probably aflbrd remunerative employment
for many years to come.
The Quartemary or Post Pliocene and recent gold-bearing drifts are found in all the
alluvial flats through which the rivers and creeks meander, and in the more shallow ground, or
" surfacing," upon the ^ides and summits of the hills, in proximity to the rocks and reefs from
which the gold has been derived. On many of the gold-fields these deposits proved immensely
rich, and on account of the facility with which they could be worked, by even inexperienced
miners, they were quickly exhausted, excepting in localities where water was scarce, and there
are many such places, where the surfacing will pay to re-work by ground-sluicing when a
sufficient supply of water can be brought to operate upon it.
On the Mount Brown €k>ld-field, in the north-west part of the Colony, where there is a
scarcity of water, owing to the aridity of the climate, large quantities of gold have been obtained
from the alluvial by dry-blowing, which is a tedious and troublesome process for the miners.
Latterly, however, two patents have been taken out — one by Messrs. C. Phillips and Co., and
the other by Captain Park — for inventions of dry-blowing machinery for treating dry and loose
gold-bearing deposits ; the recent public trials of these machines proved successful.
* See *' Report upon the Albert Gold Field," by Henry Y. L. Brows, Geological Surveyor.
D
26
Taking into oonaideration, therefore, the abovo-mentioned depodte not yet worked oat,
together with the large extent of oountry oocupied by formations of an aoriferoiu charaoter
awaiting the search of the prospector, gold-mining in New South Wales may be regarded as an
important and permanent industry.
Copper.
So far as is known our Copper lodes were first opened in 1858. Since then we have
exported 43,929 tons of copper ingots, and 3,205 tons of ore and regulu& Total value to the
end of 1881, £3,213,558.
The number of men engaged in and about our copper-mines in 1881 was 1,177.
Our known cupriferous formations cover an area equal to about 4,296,320 acres ; but there
are enormous tracts of country the exploration of which will increase the area. Some of the
lodes at present in work are very large, and the ores yield a high percentage of copper ; but the
low price of copper, coupled with the difficulties of transit from the mines to the port, has had
the effect of seriously retarding the development of our copper lodes.
The most important copper-mine in the Colony at the present time is the Great Cobar
Mine, and it is the most distant from the seaboard, being 497 miles west of Sydney. The
quantity of ore already smelted at this mine is 69,118 tons, producing 9,182 tons of fine copper.
In 1881, 21,552 tons of ore were smelted, producing 2,568 tons of copper.
The lode occurs in Silurian slates j it varies in width up to 100 feet On the surface
appear the outcrops of two adjacent parallel lodes j it is believed, however, that all three form
one lode, being only separated by pieces of ground known to miners as " horsea"
The ores consist of carbonates, metallic copper in films, red oxide, and grey and yellow
sulphides.
The oxidized ores are available in considerable quantity.^
At Nymagee, in the Cobar District, a large and valuable copper lode is now being
extensively worked. It traverses Silurian sandy slate formation, striking N. 17° 30' W., and is
nearly vertical. The ores are remarkably free fi'om injurious minerals.
In the same district, the Girilambone Copper-mine, situated 60 miles east of Cobar, has
been opened. This mine is only 1^ mile from the proposed line of Railway to Bourke.
About 90 miles south of Cobar is the Mount Hope Copper-mina The main lode is in
ferruginous sandstones, and is 24 feet wide on the surface : its strike is N. 7° 30' K
Besides copper, gold and tin have been discovered in the country lying between the
Lachlan and Bogan Rivers, which will doubtless become a most important mining district.
Copper lodes have been opened, and more or less worked, in years pas^ at Feelwood,
Cow Flat, Wiseman's Creek, Thompson's Creek, Carangara, Opbir, Cadia, Canoblas, Carcoar,
Icely, Molong, Groodricb, Balara, Snowball, Frogmore, and near Goulbum ; the existence of
other lodes are known of in the Wellington, Murrumbidgee, Bombala, Braidwood, Grafton and
Albert Districts.
Gold, silver, lead, zinc, and bismuth, are sometimes found in the copper ores.
During the past year (1881) several rich copper lodes have been discovered in the vicinity
of Blayney, and close to the Great Western Railway-line.
Considering the extent of our copper-bearing country, the progress hitherto made in
copper-mining has not been as great a^ could have been desired. The want of success which has
attended the attempts to develop aur copper lodes has, it is feared, in many cases, been due to
want of skill on the part of those engaged in the attempt ; but as our experience increases, and
with the example of some of our larger and better managed copper mines to guide us, we may
hope to improve upon the past.
* Vide Report by the late Lamont Young, Geological Surveyor, Annual Report of Departmmt ofMineSt 1880.
27
The suooess which has attended the operations at some of these mines daring the past two
years has evidently had the effect of directing more attention to this branch of mining ; and if
the new ventures be conducted with skill and judgment, we may reasonably expect that our
output will be commensurate with the extent and value of our deposits, and, as our railway
system extends into the interior, lodes which have hitherto been neglected on account of the
difficulties and expense of bringing the ore or metal to the seaboard will be extensively and
profitably worked.
Tin.
Tin, though discovered by the late Bev. W. B. Olarke as early as 1853^* was not
worked till 1872. Since that date we have exported 48,055 tons of fine tin in ingots, in addi-
tion to 14,212 tons of ora Total value, £4,339,577.
The number of miners employed in our tin-mines in 1881 is estimated at 4,530 ; of these
3,000 were Cfiinese.
In addition to the alluvial deposits of tin ore there are numerous valuable lodes, but the
latter have not yet been worked to any extent on account of the capital and skill necessary for
their proper development. The alluvial deposits first worked were found in beds of existing
creeks, but more recently tin ore has been found in large quantities in beds of old rivers or
creeks at depths var3dng from a few feet to 150 feet. In some calces these deposits are covered
by basalt
The extent so far as known of our stanniferous deposits is at least 5,440,000 acres ; but
it will probably be found more extensive than this, as Mr. H. Y. L. Brown, Geological Surveyor,
has recently discovered tin ore at the '* Granite Diggings " in the north-western portion of the
Colony.
The tin-bearing localities hitherto worked are situated about the high lands of the Great
Dividing Bange in the Northern and Southern Districts. Several lodes of Cassiterite have been
opened as at lingha, Elsmore, Newstead, The Gulf, Jingellic, &c.; they occur chiefly in euritic
and micaceous granites. But nearly all the ore hitherto raised is stream tin obtained from the
Tertiary and Quartemary drifts, where these are composed of the detritus from the stanniferous
granites.
Gold, wolfram, metallic bismuth, and carbonate and sulphide of bismuth are occasionally
found with the tin ore ; sulphide of tin rarely. • The concretionary variety of tin oxide called
'* Toad's-eye '' tin occurs in the Pliocene gold drifts at GrenfelL
Iron.
The existence of extensive deposits of rich iron ores at Wallerawang, Lithgow, Mitta-
gong. Mount Lambie, Berrima, Blawarra, and in various other parts of the Colony, has been
demonstrated — in manv instances in the vicinity of coal and lime in abiindance ; but owing to
the heavy cost of erecting smelting and other works, and the difficulty of securing the necessary
skilled labour, very little has yet been done towards developing this important source of wealth.
In fact, with the exception of the Fitzroy Works at Mittagong, which have been aban-
doned for some time past, the only works in the Colony are those of the Eskbank Iron Company
at Lithgow Valley, which were originated in 1875. These works consist of furnace foundry
and forge, and rolling mills ; the two branches are connected by a horse tramway. Most of the
plant, including a 24-ton fly-wheel, was made on the ground. The blast furnace is capable of
producing 100 tons of gray, or 115 tons of white iron per week. Both pig and malleable iron
are madej and large quantities of rails for tramways have been rolled. Upon this company's
property are iron ore, coal, fireclay, and moulders' sand.
* The Rev. W. B. Clarke in his report (dated 7 May, 1853) to the Honorable the Colonial Secretary,
drew attention for the fint time to the probable occurrenoe of extensive depomts of tin ore. He then stated
that "wolfram and oxide of tin, witii tourmaline, occnr near Dundee and in Paradise Creek, and it is probable
that this ore of tin is plentifully distributed in the alluvia of other tracts, as I have found it amidst the
spinelle, mbiee, oriental emeralds, sapphires, and other gems of the detritus from granite." — Min€$ and
Mineral Statistics, p. 71.
28
During the year 1881 the Eskbank Iron Company made pig iron to the value of
£10,950 ; bar, angle, and rail iron to the value of <£31,086, and castings, &c., to the value of
£5,777. During the year the blast furnace was worked only five months and seventeen days.
Irregular masses and veins of magnetite with garnet ironstone and some lodes of brown
hsematite occur in the Devonian beds near Wallerawang, while interbedded with the Coal Measures
which extend from Wallerawang to Bowenfells are several thin beds of rich clay-band iron ore
— a variety of hoemaiite.
According to analyses made by Professor Liversidge, the magnetite ore averages 40*87
per cent, of metallic iron, the garnet ironstone 21 per cent, of iron, the brown hsematite 37*84
to 51*52 per cent, of iron, the clay bands 49*28 to 56 per cent, of iron.
The extensive deposit of brown hrematite at Nattai is a spring deposit formed at the
junction of the Hawkesbury and Wianamatta formationa Iron ore consisting of red and brown
haDmatite occurs in the Hawkesbury rocks at Mount Clarence in considerable quantity. A
sample analysed by Mr. C. Watt, Government Analyst, contained 55 per cent, of metallic iron.
This ore is generally very siliceous.
The large deposits of iron ore near Blayney are now quarried for the Esk Bank Smelting
Works.
The folloM-ing analyses were made by Mr. W. A. Dixon, F.C S., F.I.O. : —
Magnetite from Wallerawang.
Analysis.
Water 2*16
Ferric oxide 64*01 ( -^^.||. ..„ r,.^
Ferrous oxide 8*99 \ ^^^^^ '^^^* ^1 7
Manganese Traces
Alumina 2*75
piS^deof iiicium ::::;::::::::::::::::"::^ lo^ j ^^**^ "°*®' ^^"^s.
Magnesia '41
Phosphoric oxide Trace
Sulphur None
Silica 6*70
99*45
This ore is not a true magnetite, although it contains a considerable percentage of magnetic oxide. It
is remarkable as containing within itself all the materials required for successful smelting.
Accompanjring this magnetite a kind of garnet rock containing much iron is found, of which the
following is an analysis : —
Water 4*55^
Ferric oxide 23*14
Alumina 4*31
Lime 4*25 ^Soluble in acid, 31*70.
Magnesia Traces
Phosphoric oxide ./ None
Sulphur None .
Ferric oxide 20*77
j^j^"** y. 2^ ^ Insoluble inacid, 65*59.
Silica !!!!!"!!!!.!!!!!!!!.!!!!!!.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.!!!!!!!!!!!! 34*22
99*81
Metallic iron 30*73
This rook is therefore quite rich enough to be worked as an ore of iron, and poorer ores are smelted in
many places ; in the present case it will doubtless be found particularly valuable, from its silicious nature, for
mixing with the haematite and clayband found in the same locality, and of which analyses are to be found
below. Both of these ores contain an excessive quantity of alumina, which would render the slags or cinder
produced in smelting very refractory, and it could only be kept in a proper condition of fluidity by the addi-
tion of some such siEcious material as we have here at hand.
29
lion from Wallerawang, nuurked " hsomatite," was actaally a brown iron ore, and had a specific grayity
of 3*672. Analysta.
Water 15*25^
Carbonic acid Traces
Ferric oxide 75*52
Ferrous oxide 1*01
M^ja^ oxide ^'^'"^ I Soluble in acid, 93-66.
lime ..////.!!/.!////.!/.!/"/////////"//............. '19
Magnesia *21
Phosphoric oxide *38
Sulphur -03.
Alumina 2-11 )
Ferrous oxide ...* Traces > Insoluble in acid, 6*36.
SiUca ^-25 )
99-92
Metallic iron 52-66
This is a good sample of brown iron ore and is remarkably free from sulphur, and contains but little
dhoephonis.
Iron ore from Wallerawang, marked ** cla^band," was actually a brown iron ore or a hydrated hematite.
It has a curious concretionary structure containing numerous cavities filled with yellow ochre in some cases,
in others with a dark grey matter scarcely soluble in acid. Specific gravity, 3-255.
Analyaia.
Water with traces of organic matter 12'()0^
Ferricoxide 69-87
Ferrous oxide 2*26
Manganese oxide Traces
Alumina -51 }- Soluble in acid, 76 "45.
Lime '16
Magnesia *17
Phosphoric acid '44
Sulphur » 'M.
Alumina 7*45)
Ferrous oxide Traces > Insoluble in acid, 24*66.
SiUca 17-21 )
10011
Metallic iron 43*6
This is also a good iron ore, but the high ratio of alumina to silica in both these would render the slags
somewhat refractory unless silica was added to the charge.
Magnetite with peroxide of manganese, from unknown locality, contained : —
Iron (metal) 40-69 per cent.
Manjganese (metal) 18*33 ,,
This ore appears suitable for the manufacture of speigeleisen.
Analysis of brown haematite from Gosford, Brisbane Water.
Water 10*73
Ferricoxide 60*99
Alumina '82
Lime Traces
Magnesia *41
Phosphoric oxide *03
Sulphur ...; Traces
Alumina 1*84
Silica 25*10
99*92
This specimen was sent marked '* red haematite,'* but was not a true ore of this description, and, as
it came from the same locality as the last, it was to be described more properly as a brown haematite which
had boon partially calcined, probably by the action of bush fires. It contained —
Water 7*39
Ferricoxide 41*24
Alumina 1*71
Lime Traces
Magnesia Traces
Phosphoric oxide -02
Sulphur Traces
Alumina 3-66
Silica 46-44
100*45
80
Inmm from Oarenoe Siding, Blue M<mB^^^^
•qiud quantities, having pieoee of quartz intersperaed through it.
Soluble in aqid, 44*11,
Anal]
Water 4-»8^
Ferric oxide ..r. 37'8«
Alumina 1*21
Phoephoric oxide 0*3
Sulphur Traces.
Ferric oxide 1*23)
Alumina 2*24 > Insolubleinaoid,56*02.
Salicia 52*65)
10018
MetaUiciron 27*38
This ore being very silidous would not be of value by itself, but would do well for smelting with the
aluminous ores of Wallerawang, of which analyses are given above.
1* QoldenAge, chloride of silver, 70 feet deep «...> 240
Silver.
Valuable lodes have been found in various parts of the Ck)lony, but none of them have
been extensively worked with the exception of those at Boorook, the discovery of which is of
comparatively recent date. The neglect of these important deposits is mainly due to want of a
knowledge of the proper modes of treating the several description of ores.
^e lodes at Boorook are very numerous, and so far aa they have been worked have
yielded a large quantity of silver in addition to, in some cases, a high percentage of gold ; but
they have, with one exception, not been worked to a greater depth than 80ft. or 90ft The
lodes vary in width from 1ft to 3ft In the principal mine the ore from the surface to a depthi
of 80ft is chiefly chloride of silver with a little iodide and argentiferous pyrites — below that
depth blue or sulphide ores are chiefly met with. The quantity of silver raised to the end of
1881— chiefly from the Boorook mines— is 726,779 ozs., valued at £128,405.
The following assays made by Mr. Benjamin Davy, of Boorook, give an idea of the value
of these lodes so far as thej have been worked : —
SOyer Gold
No. of per Ton. per Ton.
Bunplea oo. ca on. cs.
00
80
95
75
84
26
26
10
80
80
70
50
00
90
50
00
90
75
85
20
35
76
60
65
00
50
45
48
55
2.
a
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
0.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
10.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
2&
29.
99
>»
>t
»
>>
»»
ft
ff
t»
>>
>t
t>
99
tf
99
t>
>f
tf
ff
ft
ft
ft
t>
ff
ff
ff
tf
ff
ff
ft
ff
ff
ff
70
60
50
50
40
40
55
60
70
70
60
658
136
225
196
490
175
360
112
185
192
52
hard nodule, from counter vein 192
128
sulphide of lead snd blende, containing 145
argentiferous pyrites, from No. 1 shaft 136
102
from No. 2 shaft, 84 f eeib deep 241
blende, and lead. No. 2 shaft, 130 ft deep. . . 382
ff
tf
ft
ft
tf
tf
ft
ft
ff
ff
ff
ff
ft
ft
ff
ff
ft
ft
ft
ft
ff
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
tf
ft
ft
ft
ff
ft
135
135
125
126
130
145
125
125
ff
ff
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
295
323
310
316
268
285
163
173
and blende. No. 2 shaft, 130 ft. deep 302
50
55
10
60
30
00
33
25
50
40
85
25
10
15
00
75
25
10
02
25
10
45
20
50
38
20
15
40
26
2
7
1
1
8
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
81
SOTtf OoM
Na of per Ton. par Tod.
58!^
SI.
82.
88.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
ft
i»
*t
If
»f
It
11
If
*>
QoldeB Age, argentiferoas pyrites, in ahale, No. 2 8hAft, 185 ft. deep 278 75 2 60
„ M „ 180 „ 241 10 S 50
110 , 78 25 50
M „ n 110 „ 55 62 88
100 „ 172 12 1 60
' „ 140 137 75 1 40
M n n 145 „ 488 85 8 50
from 70-ft. drive 282 06 2 75
_„ 145 80 1 25
If
from shaft, 135 ft. deep 458 75 3 80 .
Addison Lode, chloride of silrer (lease No. 34), 80 ft deep 185 65 2 SD
4a „ „ „ 20 „ 356 20 5 10
•41. „ „ „ 26 76 25 60
42. „ chloride and sulphide of silver (lease No. 84), 26 ft. deep 126 12 1 10
43. „ „ „ „ 25 „ 66 70 60
44. „ sulphide of silver (lease No. 34), 80 ft. deep 45 50 60
4& „ „ „ 20 , 272 10 2 56
46. „ „ „ 26 , 126 30 2 75
47. n „ (lease No. 32), 30 „ 241 80 5 05
48. „ „ ,, average of 362 15 7 20
49. Golden Crown, chloride and sulphide, visible gold 816 10 8 50
50. Grand Junction Mine 110 76 1 25
51. „ „ 218 15 2 60
62. „ „ 86 90 96
53. „ „ contain carbonate of lead 28 80
64. „ „ aOl 26 2 40
66. „ „ 32 60 36
56. „ „ 158 65 1 78
67. ,. n chloride of silver and lead 110 17 1 26
68. Nil Desperandum Lode— Mr. HaU's Mine 130 00 1 26
69. „ „ „ ;.... 175 18 1 60
60. Curran's Lode, chloride of silver 120 .96 46
61. Oriental Lode, gold in oxide of iron 1 26 3 10
62. Woolshed Lode ; those samples range from 100 ozs. to 424 80 1 76
63. „ chloride, with a little sulphide 776 80 3 12
63. AldermanLode 66 25 35
64. Addison Lode (lease No. 33) 6 60 Traces.
65. Hurley's Lode, pyrites and galena in quarts 14 20 Traces.
66. „ „ „ 16 00 20
67. Golden Age, argentiferous pyrites and blende, 135 ft. deep 361 30 2 95
68. „ „ „ inshale, 140 „ 285 20 2 45
69. „ „ „ and blende, 125 „ 320 15 2 70
70. „ ,, blende, not assayed.
The Boorook lodes are situated in belts of Felspar porphyry, alternated with beds of
fossillferous shales of the Devonian formation.
Silver bearing lodes occur in the parishes of Yarrahapinni and Warrell, in the Macleay
District They are found in both granite and Devonian shales, but chiefly the latter ; many of
them present a favourable appearance, being Composed of several minerals, and having mudi of
the vesicular or porous character that is considered an encouraging indication by lode-miners.
Quartz and arsenical pyrites predominate in their composition, while zinc-blende, iron pyrites,
and galena also occur.
The late Mr. Lamont Young examined them and considered them to be well worthy of
being further prospected.
P3n4tous lodes yielding both silver and gold were worked for some time near Moruya.
The Sunny Corner Beef, at Mitchell's Creek, which near the surface was so rich in gold,
gradually changed in depth into argentiferous sulphides.
Quartz reefs containing chloride of sUver have recently been discovered near Denison-
town ; two samples taken from near the surface gave on assay 98 and 143 ozs. of silver per ton
respectively.
Ajrgentiferous lead lodes occur near Bathurst^ at Humewood, Mylora, Good Hope,
Peelwood, and in many other localities, but hitherto they hav& not been suooQSsfally worked.
32
Antimony.
Antimony ores have been found in numerous parts of the Colony, the principal lodes
occur in the Macleay, Armidale, Olarence, and Oudgegong Districts, lliose on the Munga
Creek, near the Macleay River, traverse sedimentary rocks of Devonian age. The ore consists of
oxide and sulphide of antimony, and occurs in irregular bunches, occasionally of a consider-
able size, enclosed in a quartz matrix, which foi*ms the chief constituent of the lodes.
One of the lodes near Armidale contains free gold plainly visible to the naked eye.
Until quite recently our antimony ores have been quite neglected, but during the last
two or three years some of the lodes have been worked, especially in the Macleay and Armidale
districts, and there is reason to believe that the output of this mineral will largely increase.
The quantity and value of antimony exported to the end of 1881 is 1,103 tons ; value, J&29,176.
Lead and Zinc.
Ores of lead, especially of galena, which is often found argentiferous, are frequently met
with in the gold-bearing veins in the Silurian, Devonian, and granite formations. Sometimes
the ores are contained in matrices of fluorspar and barytes. The lodes of galena which have
been opened have not as yet been worked with profit When, however, this branch of mining
receives more attention on the part of miners it is probable that payable lodes will be dis-
covered.
The following results have been obtained by assay : —
ozs. dwta. gn.
Ore from Mount Groevenor Assay — Lead, 24*91% Silver, 9 15 per ton
„ Glenlnnes „ Lead, 18*39% Silver, 2 12 „
„ nearYais „ Lead, 61*89% Silver, 2 13 5 „
„ nearYaas „ Lead, 61*80% Silver, 4 13 14 „
„ Woolgarlo, near Yass „ Lead, 31*23% Silver, 1 10 „
„ Brook Creek, near Gandaroo... „ Lead, 72*58% Silver, 23 „
„ Bungonia ... „ Lead, 83*76% Silver, 7 3 17 „
««arTJ««i,. Jl-ead, 2616% Silver, 12 16 10)
„ nearimana „ 5 Copper, 7-92% Gold, 9 $ »»
v«^i,o«, Th-.f«nf {Lead, 28*01% Silver, 12 6)
„ Northern District „ } Copper, 5*54% Gold, 5$ "
Lead ores, chiefly galena, are found in the following and other localities : — Mount
GroBvenor, Peel (near Bathurst), Glen Innes, Yass, Woolgarlo (near Yass), Mylora (near Yass),
Darby's Run (near Tingha), Brook Creek, Gundaroo, Silverdale (near Bowning), Bookham (in
the County of Harden), Eavenswood, Wiseman's Creek, Murrumburrah, Canberra Plains,
Wiuterton Mine (at Mitchell's Creek), Bungonia, Peelwood, and near Bombala.
Zinc-blende is also of frequent occurence in the auriferous veins, but hitherto has not been
found in sufficient quantity to pay for its extraction.
The following are assays of samples from two localities : —
Blende, galena, and traces of copper pyrites, from Mitchell's Creek, near Bathurst, yielded —
Zinc 19*67 percent.
Lead 16*70 percent.
Gold loz. Idwt. Ogrs. per ton.
Silver 3dwt. 1 Ogrs. per cent.
Quartz with blende, iron pyrites, and a little galena, from 12 miles from Goulbum, contained —
Zinc 10*11 per cent.
Gold 4dwt. lOgrs. per ton.
Silver Sozs. Odwt 5gr8. per ton
Chromite and Manganese.
Chromic iron, and manganese ores have been found in considerable quantities, but can-
not at present be profitably worked, owing to the cost of carriage to the seaboard.
Bismuth.
Bismuth or as have been found in the tin-bearing drifts, and also in lodes at Silent Grove,
The Gulf (in the Vegetable Creek District), Glen Innes, Elsmore, Tenterfield, and Adelong.
33
Some of these will probably be worked if a demand for Bismuth arise. At Kingsgate, near
Glen Innes, a lode is reported to be 6 to 8 feet wide, from which samples of metaUic bismuth
have been taken, weighing from 1 to 2 lbs.
Assays made by Mr. W. A. Dixon, F.C.S., gave as follows : — From Tingha — waterwom
nodules of carbonate and oxide of bismuth, white to dark brown in colour, contained bismuth
60*43 per cent. From Tingha-^rolled fragments, associated with talc and ferric oxide, con-
tained bismuth, 62*75 per cent
Picked specimens of quartz, containing iron pyrites, mispickel, and metallic bismuth,
from a reef near Adelong, contained bismuth, 5*60 percent. ^
A yellow, friable, ochreous mass of carbonate and oxide of bismuth, with quartz and
molybdic oxide, from Tenterfield, contained bismuth, 43*29 per cent, molybdenite, 6*60 per cent
Quartz, with metallic bismuth, carbonate of bismuth, molybdic oxide and sulphide from
a reef 4 feet wide, near Tenterfield, contained bismuth, 60*09 per cent, gold, loz. 4dwt. lOgrs.
per ton, silver, 8dwts. lOgrs. per ton.
Ore from near Glen Innes contained bismuth, 72*7 per cent, gold, loz. 12^wt8. per
ton, silver, Sozs. per ton.
Asbestos.
Asbestos in veins in serpentine is found in the Gundagai and Bathurst Districts, but the
veins have not been much explored. The quantity exported to the end of 1881 is 12 tons 8cwt,
valued at £323.
Building Stones, Marbles, &c.
Sandstone, granite, flagging, marble limestone, slate, fire-clay, and brick and pottery clays
occur in abundance in New South Wales. The city of Sydney is built upon the Hawkesbury
formation, which contains thick beds of sandstone, affording stone of the finest quality for
building purposes. It varies in colour from white to light brown, and is extensively used in the
erection of the principal buildings in Sydney.; it is also exported to the adjacent Colonies. The
fine edifices for the Colonial Secretary's, Lands, and Postal Departments are built of stone from
the Pyrmont Quarries, and the whitish sandstone from the quarry at Mossman's Bay, near Sydney,
has been employed in the erection of the Wilson Hall, Melbourne University. Some of the
sandstone is of very suitable quality for grindstones. The granite used in Sydney is chiefly
obtained from Moruya, but it is also available near Goulbum and in other localities. Very
durable sandstone flagging is quarried near Orange, Burrowa, and Buckingbong.
Marble limestone of Siluro-Devonian age occurs in masses of large exent near Wallera-
wang, Bathurst, Marulan, Tamworth, Kempsey, <kc. It takes a good polish, and may be
obtained in various colours — white, black, grey, red, purple; it is chiefly used for decorative
purposes. Slates of good quality are quarried in the Bathurst, Goulboum, and Gundagai
Districts. Beds of fire-clay are numerous in the Coal Measures, and the Wianamatta shales
aflbrd excellent material for pottery and brick purposes. There are large pottery, brick and
fire-brick works in operation near Sydney and at Lithgow.
Gemstones.
These include the diamond, sapphire, oriental emerald, emerald, ruby, opal, amethyst,
garnet, chrysolite, topaz, cairngorm, onyx, (kc, which have been found in the gold and tin-bearing
drifts and river gravels in numerous localities throughout the Colony. From the alluvial
deposits in the Bingera and Cudgegong (Two-mile Flat and WariaJda Creek) Districts, at least
10,000 diamonds are stated to have been found ; the largest weighed about 5| carats. It is
believed that with proper appliances for saving diamonds, these drifts might be profitably worked.
The most complete information respecting the minerals in this Colony is given in the
annexed valuable work by Professor Liversidge, F.C.S., F.G.S., entitled The Minerah of New
South Wales. I have, (kc.,
DepaHment of Mines, HARRIE WOOD,
11th February^ 1882. Under-Secretaiy for Mines.
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-1
NOTES
ON THE
GEOLOGY OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
BY
C. S. WILKINSON, F.G.S., F.L.S.,
GEOLOGICAL SURVEYOR IN CHARGE.
NOTES
ON THB
GEOLOGY OF NEW SOUTH WALES,
BT
0. S. WILKINSON, F.G.S., F.L.S.,
GEOLOQIOAL 8UBYET0B IN OHABOE.
New South Wales presents a most interesting and important field for geological research.
Probably no other portion of Australia of the same area (323,437 square nulee) could be
selected wherein so many of the more remarkable and characteristic physical features of this
continent are represented.
Thus it embraces the highest mountains and the largest rivers in Australia ; its seaboard
is marked alternately with high rocky headlands, and low sandy beaches, while conveniently
situated for maritime traffic are several deep inlets, forming magnificent harbours. Its ranges,
particularly near the coast, are covered with dense forests of the finest timber trees, and
inland occur vast plains, celebrated for their rich pasturage. Many of its mountains are
furrowed by deep, precipitous ravines, opening out in places into broad valleys clothed with
luxuriant pastures and cultivated fields ; whilst amidst all — in the valleys, mountains, plains,
and the coast districts — inexhaustible deposits of mineral wealth abound. So widely distnbuted
are these mineral deposits, and so associated are they with the pastoral and agricultural areas,
that they appear to have been designedly thus disposed throughout the Colony in order that the
mining, pastoral, and agricultural industries might contribute to each other's advancement, and
that their development might occupy and reward with prosperity the energies of a large and
increasing population. In addition to. all this material wealth, the geographical position and
orographicfiJ features of New South Wales are such as to insure at all seasons a varied climate
adapted for persons of almost any nationality. We cannot doubt, therefore, that a veiy
significant future must await the progress of a country thus singularly favoured with such
natural elements of national greatness.
New South Wales has a frontage of about 850 miles to the Pacific Ocean, from Point
Danger in latitude 28^ 10' S. to Cape Howe in latitude 37° 28'. From these points its northern
and southern boundaries extend in a westerly direction as far as the 141st degree east longitude,
which meridian, from the Murray Elver northwards to latitude 29"* S., forms the western limit
of the Colony.
The Cordillera, or Great Coast Range of East Australia, which commences in the Cape
Yorke Peninsula in Northern Queensland, and terminates on the eastern border of South
Australia, extends right through New South Wales, at a varying distance of from 30 to 135
miles from the coast, and attains its greatest elevation in Mount Kosciusko, near the southern
boundary of the Colony. The summit of this, the highest mountain in Australia, is 7,176 feet,
and is snow-clad throughout the year, excepting occasionally during the summer month& The
crest of this Great Coast Range is narrow along the greater portion of its course, being only a
few yards wide in places ; but in some of the northern and southern portions of the Colony, as
in the New England and Monaro districts, it spreads out into extensive table-landa
38
There are numerous lateral ranges branching off from it, but none of these are of any
considerable length, excepting one which leaves the main range in latitude 34"* S., and extends
at right angles to it, in a north-westerly direction, and forms the watershed between the
tributaries of the Darling and Lachlan Rivers. This line of elevated country must once have
reached the Grey and Barrier ranges in the north-western part of the Colony ; but the valley of
the Darling now forms a gap in it
The main orographical features, therefore, of New South Wales present on the map two
lines of elevated land, the one meeting the other at right angles, and forming in irregular out-
line a figure resembling the Roman capital H, having the cross-line, or upper part of the letter,
placed, as it were, against, and neariy parallel with, the coast line. On iSie north side of the
lateral range lies the great basin of the Darling River, and on the south side is that of the
Murray River. The low-lying central portions of these basins consist of vast alluvial plains,
which, as we shall presently see, have been formed from the sediment brought down by flooded
rivers, chiefly from the high slopes of the Cordillera.
At a not very remote i)eriod these basins were several hundred feet deeper than they are
at present ; but now only low rocky ridges mark the former limits of many of the old valleys
which have been nearly filled up with fluviatile deposits.
The waters from the great watershed of the Darling River find their way through a
comparatively narrow gap in the above-mentioned lateral range, and flow in a south-westerly
direction into the Murray basin, which therefore receives the whole drainage of the western
slopes of that portion of the Cordillera which traverses the territoiy of New South Wales.
The eastern watershed of the dividing range is fuiTOwed by numerous valleys, each of
no great length, which drain into the South Pacific Ocean.
It will thus be seen that one great river system, having two main branches — the Darling
and the Murray, with its tributaries the Murrumbidgee and Lachlan Rivers — drains about
four-fifths of the total area of New South Walea The Colony is therefore naturally divided
into three special areas, — the eastern, which embraces the coast districts and all the country
drained by the streams flowing into the Pacific Ocean ; the north-western, including the basin
of the Darling ; and the south-western, occupied by the Murray basin. It is interesting to
know that the projected railway lines from Sydney to the Darling River will pass directly
through the two latter inland districts, while the many harbours on the sea-board afford facilities
for maritime communication between the various coast districts and the metropolis.
Though the principal mountain and river systems may be thus generally described, yet
when we come to examine their features in detail we find that they present an almost endless
diversity of form, and that some of the secondary or lateral mountain ranges are scarcely less
conspicuous than the primary chain. The reason of this may be simply explained. The
Cordillera, which is composed of many different geological formations, was originally a range of
upheaval and of much wider limits, here and there forming wide table-lands, but subsequently
suffering enormous denudation, deep valleys were gradually eixxled on each side of it giving
rise to high lateral spurs, some of which became nearly detached by the erosion of transverse
valleys ; and having been otherwise modified by volcanic eruptions, its surface features have
acquired their present form. In numerous places along this elevated tract occur intrusions and
wide-spreading flows of volcanic rocks, and in many of the ancient valleys we find that the
channels of the streams of the Pliocene period, with their gold-bearing gravels ('* deep leads ''),
lie buried to a depth of over 100 feet beneath basaltic lava. We also see that these old lava
flows have been completely cut through, and the valleys still further deepened by the drainage-
water which has continued its eroding action from the Pliocene period to the present day. From
these instances, and from the magnificent and deeply-eroded ravines in the Blue Mountains, we
may realise the wonderful effects of those forces which have operated, even during comparatively
recent geological periods, in shaping the land surface. And as the formations composing these
mountain ranges consist of rocks differing in hardness, some of them have yielded more readily
than others to the denuding agencies ; and where several formations of dissimilar nature are
associated in a very irregular manner, as they frequently are, we may at once perceive how the
surface inequalities of this country have assumed their infinite variety of form. And, vice verad^
the very varied physical features indicate to a great extent a corresponding variety in the
39
geological fonnation& In some localities each formation possesses certain characteristic surface
features, such as peculiarities in the soil and vegetation as well as in the contour of the hills
and valleys, and by these the geologist is often aided in distinguishing the geological character of
the country presented to his view.
The geology and physical geography of Australia in general, and of New South Wales
in particular, have already been ably described, especially by the late Rev, W. B. Clarke,
M.A., F.RS^, kc ; and it is to the last work of that eminent geologist, " Eemarks on the
SedimeTUary Formation of New South WcUes,"^ 4:th edition, that we are mainly indebted for the
systematic arrangement of the various geological formations of this Colony.
The following are the principal sedimentary formations found in New South Wales : —
( Post Tertiary { |j^^ p ' io^kne.
CAINOZOIC I I ^?f^„™i
( Cretaceous.
MESOZOIC ^Jurassic.
( Triassic.
{Permian.
Silurian.
We have here represented most of the principal life periods of the earth's history ; and
if we were to include the Eocene and Lower Silurian of Victoria, and also the enormous
development of Mesozoic rocks of New Zealand, as described by Dr. Hector, M.D., F.R.S., the
geological series would be almost complete.
PALEOZOIC.
The oldest rocks which have hitherto been determined in New South Wales arc the
Upper Silurian. But in Victoria, to the west of the meridian of Melbourne, there is a vast
series of beds, estimated by Mr. A. R. C. Selwyn, F.RS., formerly director of the Geological
Survey of Victoria, to be not less than 35,000 feet thick, containing abundance of Lower Silurian
fossils. At the base of this formation occur certain metamorphic rocks, mica schists, &c., which
may be either Cambrian or Laurentian ; but, owing to the absence of fossil evidence, their age
has not been ascertained.
In New South Wales, in the Murrumbidgee district, and also near Moruya, are altered
sandstones and slates greatly resembling in lithological character the Lower Silurian beds of
Victoria ; but hitherto no fossils have been found in them. They have been tilted and folded
into numerous antic^inals and synclinals having a meiidional strika
Upper Silurian.
The rocks of this age occur in numerous places throughout the Colony, but chiefly on the
western watershed of the Great Dividing BAnge, especially about the sources of the Murrum-
bidgee and Lachlan Bivers. They consist of conglomerates, sandstones, slates, mudstones, and
limestones, and are in places highly contorted and cleaved. A good instance of such contortion
may be seen near where the road &om Bathurst to Hill End crosses the Turon River. These
beds have also a general meridional strike, but this feature is not so persistent as in the Lower
Silurian.
Near Bathurst, and in several other localities, they have been considerably metamorphosed,
the sandstones passing into quartzites, slates into gneiss and homblendic schists, and the coralline
limestones into crystalline marbles in which nearly every trace of fossils has been obliterated.
At Adelong the Silurian strata have been altered into gneissoid granite. Some beds exhibit
evidences of metamorphism morc than others ; for instance, aiHill End there are thick beds of
fossiliferous conglomerates which have become so crystalline and porphyritic in structure that,
40
were it not Cor the encloseci pebbles and fossils, the rock might sometimes be mistaken for an
igneous rock, whereas the adjacent clay slates have been scarcely altered. The metamorphism
in this case is no doubt chiefly due to chemical action, the lime and associated minerals in the
conglomerates having favoured the structural change more than the simple constituents of the
clay slates have done.
The Silurian beds near Yass show hardly any sign of cleavage, and have been but slightly
altered, excepting near their junction with the porphyry. Within 2 miles from the town of
Yass a thickness of at least 2,000 feet of these strata may be seen outcropping and dipping at
angles varying from 10" to 40**. They are rich in tiilobites, molluscs, and corals. Some
immense beds of limestone occur in various localities, such as those near Wellington, Molong,
Gulgong, Wilbertree, Broombie, Bellubula, Forbes, Cow Flat, Rockley, Tuena, Binda, Bowning,
Mumimbidgee, Yarrangobilly, «fec. They ai-e chiefly composed of corals and crinoids, which
sometimes stand out so prominently and in such profusion on the weathered surface of the rocks
that one might readily imagine what was the original condition of tlic limes 'one masses when, as
coral reefs, they were forming in the warm waters of the Silurian ocean. These beds of
coralline limestone occur as irregular lenticular masses of great thi oneness in places, and then
suddenly thinning out. Their stratigraphical position has not yet been clearly ascertained ; but
from what has already been observed, they may be classed with the highest beds in the Silurian
Series.
Some Devonian forms occur with the fossils in these beds, and on this account the late
Rev. W. B. Clarke termed these strata the " Passage Beds."
The undermentioned fossils have been chiefly determined by Professor L. G. de Koninck,
of Liege, Belgium (vide " Remarks in Sedimentary Formations of New South Wales").
Division^ Thallooenje.
Spirophyton (?) cauda phasiani De Koninck.
,Cla38y Rhizopoda ; Order, Spongida.
Stromatopora striatella Milne-Edwards and Haime.
Class, AcTiNOZOA ; Order, Rugosa.
Cyathophyllum helianthoides Goldfuss.
„ articulatura Wahlenberg.
Cystiphyllum Siluriense Lonsdale.
Rhyzophyllum interpunctatum De Kon.
Order, Tubulosa.
Aulopora fasiculata De Kon.
Order, Tabulata.
Syringopora serpens Linnaeus.
Monticuiipora Bowerbanki M. E. <& H.
„ pulchella „
Alveolites repens Fougt.
„ rapa De Kon.
„ septosa.
Striatopora Australica De Kon.
Favosites fibrosa Goldfuss.
„ Grothlandica Fougt
„ multipora Lonsdala
„ cristata Blumenbach.
„ aspera A. d'Orbigny.
„ Forbesi M. K dc H.
41
Order, Tapulata — continued,
Heliolites intei'stincta
„ MurchiBoni M. R <k H.
„ megastoma M*Coy.
Propora tabulata Lonsdale.
Plasmopora petaliformis „
Halysites escharoides Lamarck.
ClasSy EcniNODERMATA ; Order, Asteroidea.
Palccaster Clarkei De Kon.
Class J BRAcniOPODA.
Chonetes striatella Dalman.
Lept»na quinqiiecostata MK^oy.
Strophomena pecten Lin.
„ rhomboidalis Wilckens.
„ fumiculata M'Coy.
„ pecten Linn.
„ filosa Sowerby.
Pentamerus oblongus Sowerby.
„ . Knightii „
Atrypa hemispherica „
„ reticularis Lin.
„ Salteri Davidson.
Spinf er crispus Hisinger.
Meristella tumida Dalman.
Orthis canaliculata Lindstrom.
Class, Lamellibranchiata.
Pterinea pumila De Kon.
„ ampliata J. Phillipfl«
Class, Gasteropoda ; Order, Prosobranchiata.
Euomphalus Olarkei De Kon.
„ pleurophorus „
solaroides
» ov*«« v*^*^^ „
»
Bcllerophon Jukesii
Class, Pteropoda ; Section, Thecosomata.
Conulana Sowerbyi Defrance.
Class, Cephalopoda ; Order, Tetrabranchiata.
Orthoceras ibex Sowerby.
Class, Crustacea; Order, Ostracoda.
Entomis pelagica Bantinde.
F
42
Order^ Trilobite.
nisenuB Wahlenbergi Barrande.
Staurocephalus Olarkei De Kon.
Oheirurus insignis Beyrick.
Encrinurus Barrandei De Kon.
„ punctatus Brunnich.
Cromiis BohemicuB Barranda
„ Murchisoni De Kon.
Calymene Blumenbachii Brongniart.
Proetus Stokesii. Murchison.
Bronteus goniopeltis De Kon.
„ Partschi Barrande.
Harpes ungula Sternberg.
Lichas nr. palmata Barrande.
Phacops caudatus Brunnich.
„ longicaudatus Murchison.
„ fecundatus Barrande.
Devonian.
Under this head is classed an important suite of rocks, consisting of sandstones, conglome-
rates, limestones, and shales, the lower beds of which are related by their fossils to the Silurian,
and the upper beds to the Carboniferous. Consequently until their stratigraphical relationship
has been ascertained by actual survey, some difficulty will be experienced in assigning definite
limits to these formations. But much of this difficulty has already been removed through the
researches of the late R-ev. W. B. Clarke, who submitted to Professor de Koninck, of Liege, a
large collection of fossils from various localities in New South Wales. A rkswmJe of Professor
De Koninck's examinations has been published in Mr. Clarke's last and important work, " Thi
Sedimentary Formations of New South Wales^^ ; but the figures and full description of the fossils
have been published with the ** Mhnoires de la Societe Royale de Liege^^ 2nd serie LVL, 1876, in
a paper entitled " Recherches siir lea Fossiles Faleeozoiqties de la NouveUe GaUea du Svd"
The specimens referred to have been returned to this Colony, and, together with the
whole of Mr. Clarke's valuable collection, which has been purchased by the Government of New
South Wales, are now in the Geological Museum of the Department of Mines, Sydney.
A fine section of the Devonian beds is to be seen near Rydal, on the Great Western
Railway. This section has been measured by myself, and shows a thickness of not less than
10,000 feet of strata. The lower beds, which form the summits of Mount Walker and Mount
Lambie, consist of sandstones and quartzites with numerous fossils, chiefly Spi/rifer disjunctus,
and RhynchoneUa plev/rodon ; while above these are shales, slates, and quartzites, containing
Lepidodevidron nothvmi. Rocks of this age occur also on the Cudgegong and Turon Rivers, in
the Wolgan Valley, in the Yass and Goulbum districts, and in ofiier parts of the Colony.
Some of the chief fossils are —
Claaa^ Rhizopoda ; Order^ Spongida.
Archaeocyathus Clarkei De Kon.
Class^ AcTiNOZOA ; Order^ Rugosa.
Phillipsastrea M. E. <fe H.
Cyathophyllum obtortum „
vermiculare Goldfuss.
helianthoides „
Damnoniense Jjonsdale^
nr. Coespitosum Hall.
ceratites Goldf.
Campophyllum flexuosum Goldf.
Amplexus Selwyni De Kon.
„ Clarkei „
43
Order, Tabulata.
Coenites ezpansua De Kon.
Billingsia alveolaris „
Syrmgopora fasicularis Eichw.
„ auloporoides De Kon.
„ ooespetosa Lons.
Alveolites obscurus De Kon.
Favosites reticulata Blainville.
,, basaltica Gioldf.
„ fibrosa „
I, alveolaris „
„ polymorpha „
„ Goldfussi d'Orbigny.
Heliolites porosa Goldf.
Chetetes lycoperdon
Class, Brachiopoda.
Chonetes Hardrensis Phillips.
„ ooronata Conraid.
Orthis interlineata Sow.
„ striatula Schlo.
Leptsena interstrialis Phillips.'
Pentamerus pumilis De Kon.
Ehynchonella pleurodon Phillips.
„ pugnus Martin.
„ cuboides
Atrypa desquamata Sow.
„ reticularis Linn.
„ plicatella De Kon.
Spirifer nudus Sow.
„ latisinuatus De Kon.
„ Yassensis W. B. Clarke.
„ nr. Paillettei
„ glinkanus De "Venneuil.
„ cabedanus De Vem.
„ multiplicatus De Kon.
„ cristatus
„ disjunctus Sow.
Discina Allegania Hall.
Strophomena nobilis M*Ooy.
„ subaquicostata De Kon.
Class, Lamellibranchiata.
Tellinomya Olarkei De Kon.
Pterinea laminosa „
Conocardium Sowerbyi „
Aviculopecten Etheridgei '„
„ Clarkei „
„ M'Leayi „
Pterinea laminosa ,,
Paracyclas eliptica Phill.
4A
Class, Gasteropoda.
Dentalium antiquum Gioldi.
„ tenuissimum De Kon.
Murchisonia subangulata ,,
„ gramfera „
„ turris „
„ Vemeuiliana „
Pleurotomaria suboonica „
Euomphalus Bigsbyi „
Euomphalus nodulosus „
Loxonema antiquum Mtlnster.
AngUcum d'Orbigny.
„ Hennahii Sow.
Mitchellia striatula De Kon.
Niso (?) Darwinii „
Loxonema deperditum Goldf .
Naticopsis cirrif ormis Sow.
Class, Cephalopoda ; Ordei\ TetrabranghiatAi
Goniatites Woodsii De Kon.
Cjrtooeras textile „
Orthoceras subdimidiatum „
„ lineare Milnster.
PLANTiB.
Lepidodendron nothum Ung.
Cyclostigma ap Feist.
Carboniferous.
The strata of this age are probably not less than 10,000 feet thick. The lower beds con-
taining both plants and marine fauna, occur on both sides of the Great Dividing Range, especially
on its eastern watershed.
Near Canowindra, on the Lachlan Kiver, are ranges composed of purple and white
sandstones and shales containing Lepidodendron and SigiUaria, The Weddin Mountains and
those conspicuous hills beyond Condobolin consist of similar rocks, which may also belong to
this age, or to the Upper Devonian, but as yet no fossils have been found in them. The lower
beds are extensively developed between the Hunter and the Manning Rivers, where they form
high broken rangea They consist of conglomerates, sandstones, limestones, and shales, which
have been mu(£ disturbed, being tilted at all angles. Near Gloucester there is a splendid
natural section, showing for a distance of more than a mile the beds in a vertical position.
Though plant remains are abundant in these rocks, no workable coal seams are known. This
is somewhat remarkable, seeing that the fossils are of the genera which are characteristic of the
great coal measures of England : viz., Lepidodendron, JSigiUaria, and Calamites, The gold-
bearing quartz reefis, yieldmg from 1 to 15 ounces of gold per ton, now being worked on
the Copeland gold-field, traverse strata containing these fossils. There are other beds in the
same series rich in marine fossils, Productus, Spiri/er, Crinoids, FenesteUa, &c. A section
across some of the upper beds of the lower Carboniferous series near Stroud was made by the
Examiner of Coal-fields, Mr. John Mackenzie, F.G.S., and is published with other coal sections
in the " Mines and Mineral Statistics, 1875," by the Department of Minea
The Upper Carboniferous series include the Lower Coal Measures of New South Walea
They comprise marine strata with interstratified plant beds in which the workable coal
seams of Greta, Anvil Creek, and West Maitland occur, containing Glossopteris, Phylloikecaj
Noeggeraihia, and AnnuUvria 3 both below and above these coal seams there is a great thickness
4&
of calcareous conglomerates and sandstones, very rich in marine fossils, which have been described
by Professor MK^oy, Professor de Koninck, and others, to be of Carboniferous age. It is a
very interesting fact that the first occurrence of the Glossopteris and PhyUotheca should be with
marine fauna of undoubted Carboniferous age. The association of Glossopteria with fossils of
Carboniferous age has been questioned by some writers, but the researches of the late Rev. W.
R Clarke, the late Mr. Daintree, C.B., and of others, have removed all doubt on this point, and
in the coUections of fossils exhibited at the International Exhibition in Paris (1878), in Sydney
(in 1879-80), and in Melbourne (1880-81), specimens of the Glossopteris and PhyUotheca, with
their associated marine fauna from Greta and Anvil Creek, were shown. The Glossopteris beds
of India are regarded by Dr. Ottaker Feistmantel, Palaeontologist to the Geological Survey of
India, to be of Triassic age, and to be above our Newcastle Coal Measures, in which the
Glossopteris is the most characteristic fossiL The Glossopteris, therefore, has a very wide range,
from Uie Carboniferous in Australia into the Mesozoic in India.
In the Lower Coal Measures there are several coal seams, of which the one worked at
Greta Colliery is 26 feet thick, inclusive of bands. In this seam an occasional layer or seam of
petroleum oil cannel coal occurs.
List of Characteristic Fossils, including Lepidodendron Series and Lower and
Upper Marine Series.
PLANTiE.
(From Lower Carboniferous,)
Bomia radiata Brong.
Sphenopteris Bgt.
Calamites radiatus „
„ varians Germar.
Sphenophyllum sp.
Rhacopteris otopteris, insequilatera Gopp.
Rhacopteris intermedia Feistmantel
„ comp. Romeri „
„ septentrionalis „
ArchjBopteris Wilkinsoni
Cyclostigma Australe „
Lepidodendron Yeltheimianum Stem.
Lepidodendron Yolkmannianum „
Lepidodendron dichotomum „
„ rimosum Cdrda.
„ nothum Ung.
Syringodendron sp. Stem.
(From Plant-beds^ Upper Carboniferous, between Lower Marine cmd Upper Marine Series,
Lower Coal Mea^ewes,)
PhyUotheca sp
Glossopteris Browniana Bgt.
„ „ var precursor Feist.
Glossopteris primeva „
„ Clarkei „
„ elegans „
Noggerathiopsis prisca „
Annularia Austiulis „
4A
ClasSy Gasteropoda.
Dentalium antiquum Goldf.
„ tenuissimmn De Kon.
Murchisonia subangulata „
„ granifera „
„ turris „
„ Vemeuiliana „
Pleurotomaria subconica ,,
Euomphaliis Bigsbyi „
Euomphalus nodulosus „
Loxonema antiquum Mtlnster.
Anglicum d'Orbigny.
„ Hennahii Sow.
Mitchellia striatula De Kon.
Nifio (?) Darwinii „
Loxonema deperditum Goldf.
Naticopsis cirriformis Sow.
Class, Cephalopoda ; Ordei\ Tetrabranchiata,
Goniatites Woodsii De Kon.
Cyrtooeras textile „
Orthoceras subdimidiatum „
„ lineare Miinster.
PLANTiE.
Lepidodendron nothum Ung.
Cyclostigma ap Feist.
Carboniferous.
The strata of this age are probably not less than 10,000 feet thick. The lower beds con-
taining both plants and marine fauna, occur on both sides of the Great Dividing Kange, especially
on its eastern watershed.
Near Canowindra, on the Lachlan Kiver, are ranges composed of purple and white
sandstones and shales containing Lepidodendron and SigiUaria. The Weddin Mountains and
those conspicuous hills beyond Condobolin consist of similar rocks, which may also belong to
this age, or to the Upper Devonian, but as yet no fossils have been found in them. The lower
beds are extensively developed between the Hunter and the Manning Rivers, where they form
high broken rangea They consist of conglomerates, sandstones, limestones, and shales, which
have been mud^ disturbed, being tilted at all angles. Near Gloucester there is a splendid
natural section, showing for a distance of more than a mile the beds in a vertical position.
Though plant remains are abundant in these rocks, no workable coal seams are known. This
is somewhat remarkable, seeing that the fossils are of the genera which are characteristic of the
great coal measures of England : viz., Lepidodendron, SigiUaria, and Calamites. The gold-
bearing quartz reefis, yieldmg from 1 to 15 ounces of gold per ton, now being worked on
the Copeland gold-field, traverse strata containing these fossils. There are other beds in the
same series ridi in marine fossils, Productus, Spvri/er, Crinoids, FenesteUa, &c. A section
across some of the upper beds of the lower Carboniferous series near Stroud was made by the
Examiner of Coal-fields, Mr. John Mackenzie, F.G.S., and is published with other coal sections
in the '' Mines and Mineral Statistics, 1875," by the Department of Minea
The Upper Carboniferous series include the Lower Coal Measures of New South Walea
They comprise marine strata with interstratified plant beds in which the workable coal
seams of Greta, Anvil Creek, and West Maitland occur, containing Glossopteris, Phyllotheca,
Noeggerathia, and Annularia ; both below and above these coal seams there is a great thickness
4&
of calcareous conglomerates and sandstones, very rich in marine fossils, which have been described
by Professor M^Ooy, Professor de Koninck, and others, to be of Carboniferous age. It is a
very interesting fact that the first occurrence of the Glosaopteris and Phyllotheca should be with
marine fauna of undoubted Carboniferous age. The association of Ghssopteris with fossils of
Carboniferous age has been questioned by some writers, but the researches of the late Rev. W.
R Clarke, the late Mr. Daintree, C.B., and of others, have removed all doubt on this point, and
in the coUections of fossils exhibited at the International Exhibition in Paris (1878), in Sydney
(in 1879-80), and in Melbourne (1880-81), specimens of the Glosaopteris and Phyllotheca, with
their associated marine fauna from Greta and Anvil Creek, were shown. The Glossopteris beds
of India are regarded by Dr. Ottaker Feistmantel, Palaeontologist to the Geological Survey of
India, to be of Triassic age, and to be above our Newcastle Coal Measures, in which the
Glossopteris is the most characteristic fossiL The Glossopteris, therefore, has a very wide range,
from the Carboniferous in Australia into the Mesozoic in India.
In the Lower Coal Measures there are several coal seams, of which the one worked at
Greta Colliery is 26 feet thick, inclusive of bands. In this seam an occasional layer or seam of
petroleum oil cannel coal occurs.
List of Characteristic Fossils, including Lepidodendron Series and Lower and
Upper Marine Series.
PliANTiE.
(From Lower Carboniferous.)
Bomia radiata Brong.
Sphenopteris Bgt.
Calamites radiatus „
„ varians Germar.
Sphenophyllum sp.
Rhacopteris otopteris, insequilatera Gopp.
Rhacopteris intermedia FeistmanteL
„ comp. Romeri „
„ septentrionalis „
Archseopteris Wilkinsoni „
Cyclostigma Australe „
Lepidodendron Yeltheimianum Stem.
Lepidodendron Yolkmannianum „
Lepidodendron dichotomum „
„ rimosum Corda.
„ nothum Ung.
Syringodendron sp. Stem.
(From Flant-bedSi Upper Carboniferofis, between Lower Marine tmd Upper Marine Series.
Lower Coal Measures,)
Phyllotheca sp
Glossopteris Browniana Bgt.
„ „ var precursor Feist
Glossopteris primeva „
„ Clarkei „
„ elegans „
Noggerathiopsis prisca „
Annularia AustnJis „
46
Cla88^ AoTiNOZOA ; Order f Rugoba.
Azophyllum Thomsoni De Kon.
lithostrotion irregulare FhilL
,, basaltifonne Conyb. and FhilL
Oyaihophyllum inversom De Kon.
Lophophyllum oomiculum „
I, minutom „
AmplexasarandmaceouB(l) Lon&
Zaphrentis robusta De Kon.
„ cainodon „
y, Gregoryana „
„ PhiUipsii ; KikBL
Ord&r^ TuBULOBA.
Oladochonus tenoicollis M*Coy
Ordery Tabulata.
Syringopora reticulata Goldf.
„ ramulo8a(t) „
Favosites ovata Lons.
ClasSf EoHiNODERMATA ; Order, Orinoidba.
Sjmbathocrinus ogivalis De Kon.
TribrachyocrinuB Clarkei M'Coy.
PlatycrinuB kevis Miller.
Cyathocrinns Konincki W. B. Clarka
Poterioczinus tennis (?) Austin.
„ radiatus „
Addnocrinus polydactylus Miller
ClasSy Bbyozoa ; Order^ Otolostomata.
Fenostella Morrisii M'Coy.
„ fossula „
99 propinqua De Kon.
,y multiporata MHHoy.
„ intemata Londs.
„ gracilis (1) Dana.
Betepora (1) laxa De Kon.
Protoretepora ampla Lon&
Polypora papillata M'Ooy.
ClasSf Braohiopoda.
Productus cora D*Orb.
fimbriatus Sow.
„ scabriculus Mart.
„ bn«!hytheru8 Sow.
„ Clarkei Eth. (senior).
„ punctatus Sow.
„ fragilis Dana.
„ semiretioulatus Martin.
4.7
Cla88^ Brachiopoda — eoni^wmed.
Productus aculeatus Martin.
„ Flemingii Soyf.
,, magnus Meek and Werthen.
„ undatus Defrance.
Chonetes Laquessiana De Kon.
„ papilionacea Phill.
Strophomena analoga „
Orthotetes crenistria „
Orthis Michelini Leveilla
„ resupinata Mart
Khynchonella pleurodon Phill.
„ inversa De Kon.
Athyris ambigua
yy planosulcata ,, Phill.
Spirifer con volutus „
,, glaber Mart.
„ Tasmaniensis Morr.
„ exauperans De ELon.
„ bisulcatus Sow.
„ Clarkei De Kon.
„ triangularis Sow.
„ lineatus Morr.
„ duodecimcostatus M*Coy.
„ pinquis Sow.
„ Strzeleckii De Kon.
„ Darwinii Morr.
„ subradiatus Sow.
„ vespertilio „
„ latuB M*Coy.
;: crebristria Morr.
„ oviformis M*Coy.
Spiriferinacristata...'. Schlot.
„ insculpta Phill.
Terebratula sacculus Mart.
„ hastata ^. Sow.
Cyrtina septosa (?) Phill.
Atrypa planosulcata
Hemitrypa Hibemia
Claasy Lambllibranchiata.
Scaldia (9) depressa De Kon.
Sanguinolites Michellii „
„ undatus Dana.
„ lamellifera De Kon.
„ Mitchellii „
„ M'Coyi „
„ Tenisoni (after Tenison-
Woods) „
Clarkia myriformis Dana.
Sanguinolites Etheridgeii DeKon.
„ curvatus Morr.
Oardiomorpha striatella De Kon.
„ griphoides „
48
Classj Lamellibranohiata — cantimied,
Edmondia intermedia De Kon.
„ nobilissima „
„ Btriato-costata M'Goy.
Cardinia exilis ,,
Pachydomus, globosus Sow.
» loevis „
»» gigas MH3oy.
,, ovalis „
„ politus Dana.
„ pusiUus M'Coy.
y, Danai De Kon.
„ cyprinua Dana.
Mseonia Konincki W. B. Clarka
„ carinata Morr.
„ elongata Dana.
„ gracilis „
Palsearca costellata M|Ooy.
Pleurophorus Morrisii De Kon.
» l>iplex „
y, carinatus Morr.
Aviculopeoten granosus Sow.
„ cingendus M*Coy.
„ ptychotis Morr.
ff Hardyi DeKon.
„ tessellatus Phill.
„ niawarrensis Morr.
,, Limeeformis „
„ profundus DeKon.
„ sub-quin-que-lineatus M'Ooy.
„ leniusculus Dana.
„ oonsimilis Morr.
„ depilis „
„ elongatus „
„ Knockonniensis „
„ Forbesi M*Ooy.
„ Fittoni Morr.
Pterinea macroptera „
„ lata :. M'Coy.
Modiola crassisima
Avicula sublunulata DeKon.
„ intumescens „
„ decipiens „
„ Hardyi „
Palsearca interrupta „
„ 8ub-arguta Phill.
Mytilus crassiventer De Kon.
„ Bigsbyi „
Aphanaia sublunata „
Class, Pteropoda.
Conularia tenuistriata M*Coy.
„ quadnsulcata Miller.
laevigata Morr.
inomata Dana.
9f
4&
Class, Gasteropoda ; Order, Prosobranchiata.
Platycerajs tenella Dana.
„ trilobatum Phill.
„ aJtum Dana.
„ angustum Phill.
Pleurotomaria Morrisiana M*Coy.
„ subcancellata Mon*.
„ striata Sow.
„ gemmulifera PhilL
„ humilis De Kon.
„ naticoides „
„ helicinseformis i,
Murchisonia trifilata Dana.
„ Vemeuiliana De Kon.
Euorophalus catilus Martin.
„ oculus Sow.
„ minimus M*Coy.
Macrocheilus filosus Sow.
„ acutus „
Loxonema elongata.
„ rugifera Phill.
„ difficilis De Kon.
„ constricta Martin.
ClcMs, Cephalopoda ; Order, Tetrabranchiata.
Goniatites micromphalus Morr.
„ strictus Dana.
OHhoccras striatum Sow.
„ Clarkei.
„ Martinianum (?) De Kon,
Cameroceras Phill ipsii De Kon.
Nautilus subsulcatus Phill.
Class, Crustacea ; Order, Ostracoda ; Section, Entomostraca.
Polycope simplex Jones and Kirkby.
Entomis Jonesii De Kon.
Order, Trilobita.
Phillipsia seminifera Phill.
Griffithides Eichwaldi Fisch.
Brachymetopus Strzeleckii M*Coy.
Chss, Pisces ; Order, Clasmobranchii.
Tomodus convexus (]) Agass.
(Fossils from the Carhoniferotts beds in the Greta and Maitland Districts,)
Lower Marine Series.
Class, EcHiNODERMATA ; Order, Asteroidea.
Star Fish,
o
Claa$, liAMZLLiBRunmiATA'-ctmiinued.
Edmondia intermedia De Kon.
„ iiobilis8im& „
„ Btriat(Hx»tata MK)!);.
Cardinia exilis „
PachydomnB, globoBUB Sow.
» gigaa M'Coy.
„ ovalijB „
„ politua Dana.
„ piuillus Jd'Ooj.
„ Danai DeKon.
„ cyprinuB Dana.
Mteonia Konitudd W. R Clarke.
„ carin&ta Moir.
„ elongata Dana.
„ gncilis „
Falearca coatellata M'Ooy.
Fleurophorus Morrisii De Eon.
„ biplex „
„ carinatuB Morr.
AviculopecteQ granoaus Sow.
„ oingendna M'Ooy.
„ ptyohotia M<nT.
„ Hardyi SeKoo.
„ teasellataa PhilL
„ lUawarransis Morr.
,, limfeformiB „
„ profiinduH DeKon.
„ Biib-qniQ-qne-lineatuB M'Coy.
„ leniuBculoB Dana.
„ oonsimilis Morr.
„ depilb „
„ elongatuB „
„ Knockonnienus „
„ Forbesi ' M'Ooy.
„ Fittoni MoTT.
Fterinea nuunx^tera „
„ lata r. M'Coy.
Modiola craBBiBinia
Avicu]a aublimnlata DeKon.
FaUearca intermpta „
„ sub-arguta PliilJ.
Mytilua crassiyenter De "
„ Bigsbyi „
Aph&naia Bublunata „
Cltut, Ftsropoda.
Connlaria tenuistriata M'Coy.
„ qaadriBnlcata Mill«f.
„ leevigata
„ inomata ,,,,.
60
ClasB, Bbachiopoda.
Productus Flemingii Sow.
Spirifer glaber Mart.
„ subradiatus Sow.
„ Darwinii Morr.
CUisa, Lamellibrakchiata.
Avicula intumescens DeKon.
„ decipiens „
Aviculopecten Illawarreiuds Morr.
limttformis „
„ profundus De Kon.
Mseonia carinatA Morr.
Pachydomus Isevis Sow.
„ globosus „
Cardinia exilis • M'Coy.
CU188, Ptkropoda.
Oonularia laevigata Morr.
Plantje.
Fro7n Plant beds between the Lower Marine and Upper Marine Series,)
Phyllotheca sp.
Glossopteris Browniana Bgt.
„ „ var. precursor Feist.
Glossopteris primceva
Clarkei
elegans
Noggerathiopsis prisca
Annularia Australis
Upper Marine Series.
ClaaSy AcTiNOzoA ; Order, Rugosa.
Zaplirentis Gregoryana DeKon.
Cla88f EcHiNODERiiATA ; Orcfe*', Asteroidea.
Palaeaster Clarkei De Kon.
Claea, Brachiopoda.
Productus brachytherus Sow.
Spirifer convolutus Phill.
„ Strzelecki DeKon.
„ Darwinii Morr.
„ Tasmaniensis „
„ bisulcatus Sow.
„ glaber Mart.
„ vespertilio Sow.
51
Cla88j Lamellibranchiata.
Pterinea macroptera Morr.
Aphanaia gigantea De Kon.
„ Mitchelli M'Ooy.
Aviculopecten Illawarrensis Morr.
„ subquinque-lineatos M*Coy.
granosus Sow.
Claaa^ Pteropoda.
Oonularia inomata Dana.
Glass, Gasteropoda ; Order, Prosobranohiata.
Euomphalus oculus Sow.
Murchisonia trifilata Dana.
Class, Cephalopoda ; Order, Tetrabranchiata.
Orthoceras Clarkei.
*A
Permian.
The Upper Coal Measures have been provisionally classed as Permian, but it is doubtful
whether they should not be regarded as a division of the great Carboniferous Series. They con-
sist of shales, conglomerates, and sandstones, containing abundance of plant remains, but no
marine shells. The principal plants are of the genera Glossopteris, Gangamnopteris, Vertebraria,
PhyUotheca, Sphenopteris, and with these has been found a heterocercal fish — Urosthenes
AusPralis. Nearly all the seams of coal in the Newcastle Coal Field occur in the
uppermost beds of the Coal Measures. This set of coal-bearing strata is aboub 500 feet thick,
The lowest seam, which is from 8 to 15 feet thick, is the one which is worked at the principal
collieries ; but some of the upper seams have been worked near Newcastle, at Red H^id, Lake
Maoquarie, and Catherine Hill Bay. The coal is of a bituminous character and of good
quality for steam, smelting, and household purposes. South of Lake Macquarie the Coal
Measures disappear below the sea-level and are overlaid unconformably by a great thickness of
the Hawkesbury Formation, until we approach Coal Cliff, about 30 miles south of Port Jackson,
where they rise above t&e sea again and contain several seams of coal, including a fine seam 6
feet thick ; they continue rising through the Illawarra coast district as far south acf the Jamberoo
mountains, where the seams crop out, at an elevation of 1,500 feet above sea-level, in the face of
the mountains overlooking the Shoalhaven Valley and the magnificent harbour of Jervis Bay.
One of the seams cropping out near Jamberoo is over 25 feet thick. At Wollongong, Kiama,
and on both sides of Jervis Bay, the marine beds of the Lower Coal Measures occur, but though
no coal seams have as yet been found in them it is not unlikely that some exist therein. The
relation of the Illawarra coal seams to those of Newcastle is not yet proved ; but I am of opinion
that the former belong to the series below the Newcastle beds. The main ooal seam in the Illa-
warra district from its nearly horizontal position is worked with great facility, the coal being
won by adits driven in from the outcrop of the seam on the sides of the mountains facing and
near to the ocean. In a similar manner the coal seams crop out in the valleys in the Berrima
district, also at Lithgow 3,000 feet above the sea and 96 miles west of Sydney, and again through-
out the mountainous country which stretches away to the north into the Hunter River valley.
From the latter the Coal Measures extend across the Great Dividing Bange into the Dubbo and
Castlereagh districts ; thence in a north-easterly direction to the northern boundary of the
Colony. But little is yet known of the beds in this northern locality, and it is possible that
some portions of them will have to be classed with the Mesozoic series of Queensland.
62
On the Sutherland Estate, at Port Hacking, near Sydney, a bore-hole has been put down
by means of the diamond-drill to a depth of 2,170 feet, passing for the first 1,000 feet through
Hawkesbury sandstones, and then into the Coal Measures without proving coaL At a depth of
1,493 feet some ostracoid shells of the genus Eatheria were found in the cores. These have
been described by Dr. James Cox, F.L.S., in the proceedings of the Linnean Society of New
South Wales, vol. V., part the third, 1881.
It will thus be seen that this locality is over a very deep portion of the coal basin. The
eastern portion of this basin has been apparently faulted and thrown down beneath the waters of
the Pacific Ocean, the precipitous coast, and a line about 20 miles east from it^ marking
approximately the lines of dislocation. The deep soundings immediately beyond this would
seem to favour this view, so that here the bed of the ocean probably consists of the old land
surface which once formed a continuation of that upon which the city of Sydney now stands,
and which has been faulted to a depth of over 12,000 feet ; the length of the faulted area is not
yet known, but it probably does not extend along the coast beyond, if so far as, the north and
south limits of the Colony.
The abrupt eastern margin of the Blue Mountains, up which tlie ,Great Western BaOway
Zig-zag ascends at Lapstene HUl, near Emu Plains, marks the line of a similar though not such
an extensive fault, by which all the country between it and the coast was thrown down te its
present level — the depression being so great that the ocean water flowed inte the old river
valleys, one of which forms the beautiful harbour of Port Jackson.
'* There rolls the deep where grew the tree,
"0, earth, what changes hast thou seen."
We have evidence that these faultings probably took place towards the close of the
Tertiary epoch ; for no marine Tertiary deposits ai*e known along this portion of the coast of
Australia, whereas in New Guinea on the north, and in Yicteria on the south, the marine
Miocene beds occur at elevations up to 800 feet above the sea. Had this low-lying country
along the east coast of Australia then existed, it must have been covered by the Miocene sea,
and doubtless some traces of the marine strata of that period would have escaped denudation
and remained as those have which are seen in Victoria and elsewhere ; but it is very probable
that until or during the Pliocene period it stood at a much higher level, and extended some
distance beyond the present coast line. Then, again, the Tertiary deposits throughout East
Australia show that the valleys draining the Great Dividing Kange have been chiefly eroded
since the Miocene period, for we find deep valleys and ravines cutting through later Tertiary
formations ; therefore the sinking of the land traversed by any of these valleys such as that of
Port Jackson, evidently took place in comparatively recent geological times, and may have
been contemporaneous with the extensive volcanic eruptions of the Upper Pliocene Period
during which the southern portion of Victoria especially was the locale of great volcanic activity.
How far this old land extended to the east it is difficult to indicate ; but no doubt future
observations upon the distribution of the marine and terrestrial fauna and flora of the South
Pacific region will throw much light upon the subject.
Urosthenes Australis Pana.
Plants.
Phyllotheca Australis Bgt.
„ Hookeri M*Coy.
„ ramosa '. „
(Dr, Feistmantel considers that the two latter species do not differ from P. Australis,)
Vertebraria Australis M*Coy.
Sphenopteris lobifolia Morr.
„ alata Bgt.
„ alata. var. exilis • Morr.
„ hastata M*Coy.
„ gennana. „
63
PiiANTiE — conttmied,
Sphenopteris flexuosa. M*Coy.
Glossopteris Browniana Bgt.
„ linearis M'Coy.
y, ampla. Dana.
„ reticulum „
„ cordata „
„ tseniopteroides Feist/
„ Wilkinsoni „
„ paralella. ..: „
Gangamopteris angustifolia M*Coy.
„ Clarkeana. Feist.
Caulopteris (?) Adainsi „
Zeuophyllites elongatus Morr.
Noggerathiopsis spathulata. Dana sp. Feist.
„ media „ „
Brachyphyllum Australe „
Scales and seeds of Ck)nifer8.
MESOZOIC— Triassic. (])
Hawkesbury Series and Wianamatta Series.
The "Hawkesbury Beds" were so named by the late Rev. W. B. Clarke from
their extensive development in the tract of country through which the Hawkesbury River
flows. They may be well seen in the neighbourhood of Sydney, where they form the picturesque
cliffs at the entrance to, and around the shores of Port Jackson ; and those mural precipices
which wall-in, as it were, the great valleys in the Blue Mountains, as at Govett's
Leap, in the Grose Valley, are also composed of them. Tlie greatest observed thickness
of the series is about 1,D00 feet. The principal rocks consist of yellowish white sand-
stones, with a few beds of shale and pebble conglomerates of irregular thickness. The
sandstones exhibit much false heddingy the prevailing dip of which is to the north-east, but in
some of the beds it inclines towards the opposite direction, thus proving that there had been
occasional changes in the direction of the transporting currents of water. We also find evidence
of there having been local currents, for in places some of the beds have had channels of variable
width and from 20 to 30 feet in depth eroded through them, which were subsequently filled up
with sand and pebbles, and the whole overlaid with similar beds. These strata are suggestive of
deposition under shallow water subject to frequent disturbance by strong local currents which
were probably produced by the inflow of flooded rivera from the surrounding land. These
interesting Hawkesbury beds also afford evidence of glacial action having been concerned in
their deposition. At diflerent levels in the series are thin beds of shale, and the sandstones
immediately above these shale beds frequently enclose angular boulders of all sizes up to 20 feet
or more in diameter. These boulders have been torn up from the underlying beds of shale and
embedded in a very confused manner in the sand and rounded pebbles brought by the transport-
ing currents. The angular form and mode of occurrence of these boulders of soft shale evidently
show that the shale beds have been disturbed by moving ice. Professor Julius von Haast, M.D.,
F.RS., Director of the Canterbury Museum, New Zealand, has also examined these boulder beds,
and expressed to me his opinion that the underlying shales have been broken up by " ground-ice."
In December, 1879, I contributed a paper on this subject to the Royal Society of New South
Wales, and Professor W. J. Stephens, M. A., communicated to the linnean Society of New South
Wales, the results of similar observations made by himself of the Hawkesbury rocks in the Upper
Nepcan district.*
* The Rev. Julian E. Tenison -Woods, F.G.*S., F.L.S., informs me that he considers the Hawkesbury
sandstone to be a wind-blown formation, and that he will shortly read a paper on the subject before the
Royal Society of New South Wales.
64
The principal fossils of the Hawkesbory series are, of plants, ThinnfeldUt odon-
tapteroideSy Phi/Uotheca, and fragments of stems of trees ; and of fishes, CleUhrolepis grantUatus
and Myriolepia Cla/rkei ; no marine shells have yet been found.
The sandstones form excellent building material, and have been used in the construction
of all the principal public buildings in Sydney.
The whole of the Hawkesbury formation is traversed by vertical joints, the principal of
which strike about N.N.E. and S.S.W., with others intersecting them at various angles and
sometimes at right angles. The sandstones almost always contain minute scales of graphite ;
and seams of coal, only a few inches in thickness, occur occasionally.
The surface of the Hawkesbury formation was denuded and worn into hollows before the
Wianamatta beds were deposited ; and the latter in their lithological character also show that
great physical changes must have taken place, for they consist chiefly of argillaceous shales, which
are in striking contrast with the thick-bedded arenaceous rocks underlying them. The fine
sediment which formed the Wianamatta shales evidently settled down in the quiet waters of a
lake.
Some of the shales contain ErUomostraca ; and at Parramatta and Nattai, remains
of fishes have been found, such as Palasoniscus arUipodetts and numerous impressions of
plantSj Fhyllotheca Australis, Macrotc&iiiopteris Wia/namattcBy Thinnfeldia odontopteroides, Odon-
topteris microphyllay Fecopteris tenuifolia. The late Rev. W. B. Clarke estimated the Wiana-
matta series to be about 700 feet thick.
A few small seams of coal occur in them, but they are of no value. The shales in places
afford excellent material for brick-making. The Wianamatta beds are well exposed in the
railway cuttings between Sydney and Penrith, where they are seen to be much faulted and
broken. They are also traversed by dykes of doleritic basalt ; similar dykes pass through both
the Upper Coal Measures and Hawkesbury Rocks, and there is a remarkable instance in the
Hlawarra Coal Field, where the basalt has spread for some distance laterally through a seam of
coal, charring the coal completely in places.
Hawkesbury SsRiEa
Fishes.
Myriolepis Clarkei Egerton.
Cleithrolepis granulatus. „
Plantse.
Thinnfeldia (pecopteris) odontopteroides . . . Feist
Sphenopteris sp Bgt.
Odontopteris sp „
Phyllotheca Australis „
Wianamatta Series.
Fishes.
Palseoniscus gracilis Egerton.
„ . antipodeus „
Cleithrolepis granulatus „
Plantse.
Thinnfeldia (pecopteris) odontopteris Feist.
Odontopteris microphylla M*Coy.
Pecopteris tenuifolia „
Macrotsenopteris Wianamattse Feist.
Phyllotheca Australis .' Bgt.
Sphenopteris (1) sp „
Entromostaca (Estheria)
46
Cbus^ Aomr ozOA ; Order, Ruckmul
Azophyllimi Thomaoni De Kon.
liihostrotion irregolare PbilL
,9 basaltiforme Conyb. and FhilL
Oyathaphyllum invenrain De Kon.
Lophophyllimi oomiculnm ,,
„ minutom „
Amplexasaran(linaoeou8()) Lon&
Zaphrentis robusta De Kon.
„ cainodon „
„ Gregoryana ,
Phmipsii K & H.
Order, Tubuloba.
Oladochonus tenuicolllB M*Ooy
Order, Tabulata.
Syringopora reticulata Goldl
„ ramulofia(f) ,,
Favosites ovata Lons.
Clcus, EoHiKODERMATA ; Order, Orikoidba.
SynbathocrinuB ogivalis De Kon.
iSibracbyocrmus Clarkei M'Coy.
Platycrinus Isevis Miller.
CyathocrinaB Konincki W. B. Clarke.
PoteriocriniiB tennis (9) Austin.
„ radiatus „
Addnocrinns polydaciylus MUler
Ckua, Bbyozoa ; Order, Otolostomata.
Fenostella Morrisii M^Ooy.
„ fossula „
„ propinqna De Kon.
„ multiporata MKkfy,
„ intemata Lends.
„ gracilis (1) Dana.
Betepora (^ laza De Kon.
Pretoretepora ampla Lon&
Polypora papillata M'Coy.
Close, Bbaohiopoda.
Productos cora D'Orb.
„ fimbriatus Sow.
„ scabriculus Mart.
„ bracbytheros Sow.
„ Glarkei Eth. (senior).
,, punctatus Sow.
„ fragilis Dana.
„ semiretioalataB Martin.
47
CUm8, Brachiopoda — oofUvniusd,
Productus aculeatus Martin.
„ Flemingii So^f.
„ magnus Meek and Werthen.
„ undatus Defrance.
Chonetes Laquessiana De Kon.
„ papilionacea Phill.
Strophomena analoga ,,
Orthotetes crenistria „
Orthis Michelini Leveilla
„ resupinata Mart
Rhynchonella pleurodon PhilL
„ inversa De Kon.
Athyris ambigua
„ planosulcata , PhilL
Spirifer convolutus „
„ glaber Mart.
„ Tasmaniensis Morr.
„ exfluperans De ELon.
„ bisulcatus Sow.
„ Clarkei De Kon.
„ triangularis Sow.
„ lineatus Morr.
„ duodecimcostatus M*Coy.
„ pinquis Sow.
„ Strzeleckii De Kon.
„ Darwinii Morr.
„ subradiatus Sow.
„ vespertilio „
„ latns M*Coy.
„ crebristria Morr.
„ oviformis M*Coy.
Spiriferina cristata Schlot.
„ insculpta Phill.
Terebratula sacculus Mart.
„ hastata ^. Sow.
C3rrtina septosa (?) Phill.
Atrypa planosulcata
Hemitrypa Hibernia
Class, Lamellibranchiata.
Scaldia (1) depressa De Kon.
Sanguinolites Michellii „
„ undatus Dana.
„ lamellifera De Kon.
„ Mitchellii „
„ M*Coyi „
„ Tenisoni (after Tenison-
Woods) „
Olarkia myriformis Dana.
Sanguinolites Etheridgeii DeKon.
„ curvatus Morr.
Cardiomorpha striatella De Kon.
„ griphoides „
48
Claaa^ Lamellibrakchiata — continued.
Edmondia intermedia De Kon.
„ nobiliasima „
„ striato-costata M'Goy.
Cardinia exilis „
Fachydomns, globosus Sow.
» l®vifl »
»» gigas M*Coy.
„ ovalis ,y
„ politus Dana.
„ pusillus MOoy.
y, Danai De Kon.
„ oyprinus Dana.
Mseonia Konincki W. B. Clarke.
„ carinata Morr.
„ elcmgata Dana.
„ gracilis „
Pakearoa oostellata MH}oy.
PleurophoruB Morrisii De Kon.
„ biplex „
yy carinatuB Morr.
Aviculopeoten granosus Sow.
„ cingendus MK)oy.
^y ptychotis Morr.
„ Hardyi DeKon.
„ tessellatus PhilL
,, niawarrensis Morr.
.) LimsBformis i,
y, profundus DeKon.
„ sub-quin-que-lineatus M'Coy.
„ leniusculus Dana.
„ consimilis Morr.
„ depilis „
„ elongatus „
,y Knockonniensis „
„ Forbesi M*Ooy.
„ Fittoni Morr.
Pterinea macroptera „
„ lata :. M'Coy.
Modiola crassisima
Avicula sublunulata DeKon.
„ intumescens „
,, decipiens. ,,
„ Hardyi „
Palsearca interrupta „
„ 8ub-arguta PhilL
Mytilus crassiventer De Kon.
„ Bigsbyi „
Aphanaia sublunata )»
ClasSy Pteropoda.
Conularia tenuistriata M'Coy.
„ quadrisulcata Miller.
„ Ifievigata Morr.
„ inomata Dana.
4&
ClasSy Gasteropoda ; Order, Prosobranchiata.
Platyceras tenella Dana.
J, trilobatum Phill.
,, altum Dana.
„ angustum Phill.
Pleurotomaria Morrisiana M*Coy.
„ subcancellata Mon*.
„ striata Sow.
„ gemmulifora Phill.
„ humilis De Kon.
„ naticoides „
„ helicinseformis ,)
Murchisonia trifilata Dana.
„ Vemeuiliana De Kon.
Euomphalus catilus Martin.
„ oculus Sow.
„ minimus M*Coy.
Macrocheilus filosus Sow.
„ acutus „
Loxonema elongata.
„ nigifera Phill.
„ difficilis DeKon.
„ constricta Martin.
ClasSy Cephalopoda ; Ordery Tetrabranchiata.
Goniatites micromphalus Morr.
„ strictus Dana.
Oi-thoceras striatum Sow.
,y Clarkei.
„ Martinianum (?) De Kon.
Cameroceras Phill ipsii DeKon.
Nautilus subsulcatus Phill.
Cla88, Crustacea ; Order, Ostracoda ; Sectioiiy Entomostraca.
Polycope simplex Jones and Kirkby.
Entomis Joncsii De Kon.
Order, Trilobita.
Phillipsia seminifera Phill.
Griffithides Eich waldi Fisch.
Brachymetopus Strzeleckii M*Coy.
Cl<i88y Pisces ; Order, Clasmobranchii.
Tomodus convexus (1) Agass.
(Fossils from the Carhoniforoxis beds in the Greta and Maitland Districts,)
Lower Marine Series.
Class, EcHixoDERMATA ; Order, Asteroidea.
Star Fish.
60
Class, Bbachiopoda.
Productus Flemingii Sow.
Spirifer glaber Mart.
„ subradiatus Sow.
„ Darwinii Morr.
Class, Lambllibranchiata.
Avicula intumescens - DeKon.
„ decipiens „
Aviculopecten Illawarrensis Morr.
limaformis „
„ profundus DeKon.
Mseonia carinata Morr.
Pachjdomus IsBvis Sow.
„ globosus ,,
Cardinia exilis t M*Coy.
Cla^, Pteropoda.
Oonularia laevigata Morr.
PLANT-ffi.
From Plant beds bettoeen the Lower Marine and Upper Marine Series,)
Phyllotheca sp.
Glossopteris Browniana Bgt.
„ „ var. precursor Feist.
Glossopteris primaeva „
„ Clarkei „
„ elegans „
Noggerathiopsis prisca „
Annularia Austi^is „
Upper Marine Series.
Class, AcTiNOzoA ; Order, Rugosa.
Zaphrentis Gregoryana De Kon.
Class, Echikodermata ; Ordef, Asteroidea.
Palseaster Clarkei De Kon.
Class, Brachiopoda.
Productus brachytherus Sow.
Spirifer convolutus Phill.
Strzelecki De Kon.
Darwinii Morr.
Tasmaniensis „
bisulcatus Sow.
glaber Mart.
vespertilio Sow.
51
ClaaSf Lambllibranohiata.
Pterinea macroptera Morr.
Aphanaia gigantea De Kon.
„ MitcheUi M*Ooy.
Aviculopecten Illawarrensis Morr.
„ subquinque-lineatUB M*Coy.
granosus Sow.
Class^ Pteropoda.
Oonularia inomata Dana.
Class, Gasteropoda ; Order, Prosobranohiata.
Euomphalus oculus Sow.
Murchisonia trifilata Dana.
Class, Cephalopoda ; Order, Tetrabrakchiata.
Orthoceras Clarkei. ...^
Permian.
The Upper Coal Measures have been provisionally classed as Permian, but it is doubtful
whether they should not be regarded as a division of the great Carboniferous Series. They con-
sist of shales, conglomerates, and sandstones, containing abundance of plant remains, but no
marine shells. The principal plants are of the genera Glossopteris, Gangamopteris, Vertebra/ria,
FhtfUotheca, Sphenopteris, and with these has been found a heterocercal fish — Urosthenes
Australis, Nearly all the seams of coal in the Newcastle Coal Field occur in the
uppermost beds of the Coal Measures. This set of coal-bearing strata is about 500 feet thick,
Ilie lowest seam, which is from 8 to 15 feet thick, is the one which is worked at the principal
collieries ; but some of the upper seams have been worked near Newcastle, at Bed H^ul, Lake
Macquarie, and Catherine Hill Bay. The coal is of a bituminous character and of good
quality for steam, smelting, and household purposes. South of Lake Macquarie the Coal
Measures disappear below the sea-level and are overlaid unconformably by a great thickness of
the Hawkesbury Formation, until we approach Coal Cliff, about 30 miles sou^ of Port Jackson,
where they rise above t&e sea again and contain several seams of coal, including a fine seam 6
feet thick ; they continue rising through the Illawarra coast district as far south as the Jamberoo
mountains, where the seams crop out, at an elevation of 1,500 feet above sea-level, in the face of
the mountains overlooking the Shoalhaven Valley and the magnificent harbour of Jervis Bay.
One of the seams cropping out near Jamberoo is over 25 feet thick. At Wollongong, Kiama,
and on both sides of Jervis Bay, the marine beds of the Lower Coal Measures occur, but though
no coal seams have as yet been found in them it is not unlikely that some exist therein. The
relation of the Illawarra coal seams to those of Newcastle is not yet proved ; but I am of opinion
that the former belong to the series below the Newcastle beda The main coal seam in the Illa-
warra district from its nearly horizontal position is worked with great facility, the coal being
won by adits driven in from the outcrop of the seam on the sides of the mountains facing and
near to the ocean. In a similar manner the coal seams crop out in the valleys in the Berrima
district, also at Lithgow 3,000 feet above the sea and 96 miles west of Sydney, and again through-
out the mountainous country which stretches away to the north into the Hunter Biver valley.
From the latter the Coal Measures extend across the Great Dividing Bange into the Dubbo and
Castlereagh districts ; thence in a north-easterly direction to the northern boundary of the
Colony. But little is yet known of the beds in this northern locality, and it is possible that
some portions of them will have to be classed with the Mesozoic series of Queensland.
_ - zrrz, r
_■"; '-: — -fcZ:'!
■,i
VIT
i_ .• "t^tr -^l*
L-=r* r"«if i
, • ^iT'^i**-
« • ^
63
PLANTiE — continued,
Splienopteris flexuosa M*Coy.
Glossopteris Browniana Bgt.
„ linearis M*Coy.
„ ampla. Dana.
reticulu:
cordata
„ reticulum „
» x/vr*w*v«. „
„ tceniopteroides Feist."
„ Wilkinsoni „
„ paralella. ..: „
Gangamopteris angustifolia M*Coy.
„ Clarkeana. Feist.
Caulopteris (1) Adainsi „
Zeuophyllites elongatus. Morr.
Noggerathiojisis spathulata Dana sp. Feist.
„ media „ „
Brachyphyllum Australe „
Scales and seeds of Conifers.
MESOZOIC— Triassic. (1)
Hawkesbury Series and Wianamatta Series.
The "Hawkesbury Beds" were so named by tlie late Rev. W. R Clarke from
their extensive development in the tract of countiy through which the Hawkesbury River
flows. They may be well seen in the neighbourhood of Sydney, where they form the picturesque
clifis at the entrance to, and around the shores of Port Jackson ; and those mural precipices
which wall-in, as it were, the great valleys in the Blue Mountains, as at Govett's
Leap, in the Grose Valley, are also composed of them. Tlie greatest observed thickness
of the series is about 1,D00 feet. The principal rocks consist of yellowish white sand-
stones, with a few beds of shale and pebble conglomerates of irregular thickness. The
sandstones exhibit much false bedding, the prevailing dip of which is to the north-east, but in
some of the beds it inclines towards the opposite direction, thus proving that there had been
occasional changes in the direction of the transporting currents of water. We also find evidence
of there having been local currents, for in places some of the beds have had channels of variable
width and from 20 to 30 feet in depth eroded through them, which were subsequently filled up
with sand and pebbles, and the whole overlaid with similar beds. These strata are suggestive of
deposition under shallow water subject to frequent disturbance by strong local currents which
were probably produced by the inflow of flooded rivera from the surrounding land. These
interesting Hawkesbury beds also aflbrd evidence of glacial action having been concerned in
their deposition. At diflerent levels in the series are thin beds of shale, and the sandstones
immediately above these shale beds frequently enclose angular boulders of all sizes up to 20 feet
or more in diameter. These boulders have been torn up from the underlying beds of shale and
embedded in a very confused manner in the sand and rounded pebbles brought by the transport-
ing currents. The angular form and mode of occurrence of these boulders of soft shale evidently
show that the shale beds have been disturbed by moving ice. Professor Julius von Haast, M.D.,
F.R.S., Director of the Canterbury Museum, New Zealand, has also examined these boulder beds,
and expressed to me his opinion that the underlying shales have been broken up by " ground-ice."
In December, 1879, I contributed a paper on this subject to the Royal Society of New South
Wales, and Professor W. J, Stephens, M. A., communicated to the Linnean Society of New South
Wales, the results of similar observations made by himself of the Hawkesbury rocks in the Upper
Nepean district.*
* The Rev. Julian K Tenison- Woods, F.G.*S.» F.L.S., informs me that he considers the Hawkesbury
sandstone to be a wind-blown fonnation, and that he wiU shortly read a paper on the subject before the
Boyal Society of New South Wales.
64
The principal fossils of the Hawkesbury series are, of plants, Thinn/eldia odon-
topteroidesy PhyUotheca, and fragments of stems of trees ; and of fishes, CleUhrolepis granuUUua
and Myriolepia Cla/rkei ; no marine shells have yet been found.
The sandstones form excellent building material, and have been used in the construction
of all the principal public buildings in Sydney.
The whole of the Hawkesbury formation is traversed by vertical joints, the principal of
which strike about N.N.R and S.S.W., with others intersecting them at various angles and
sometimes at right angles. The sandstones almost always contain minute scales of graphite ;
and seams of coal, only a few inches in thickness, occur occasionally.
The surface of the Hawkesbury formation was denuded and worn into hollows before the
Wianamatta beds were deposited ; and the latter in their lithological character also show that
great physical changes must have taken place, for they consist chiefly of argillaceous shales, which
are in striking contrast with the thick-bedded arenaceous rocks underlying them. The fine
sediment which formed the Wianamatta shales evidently settled down in the quiet waters of a
lake.
Some of the shales contain ErUomostrcuM ; and at Parramatta and Nattai, remains
of fishes have been found, such as Falasoniscus cmtipodeus and numerous impressions of
plants^ Fhylhiheca AuatraUa^ Macrotceiiiopteris WianamcUkB, ThinnfMia odorUopteraideSy Odon-
topteris microphylla, Pecopteris tenuifolia. The late Rev. W. B. Clarke estimated the Wiana-
matta series to be about 700 feet thick.
A few small seams of coal occur in them, but they are of no value. The shales in places
afford excellent material for brick-making. The Wianamatta beds are well exposed in the
railway cuttings between Sydney and Penrith, where they are seen to be much faulted and
broken. They are also traversed by dykes of doleritic basalt ; similar dykes pass through both
the Upper Goal Measures and Hawkesbury Rocks, and there ia a remarkable instance in the
niawarra Coal Field, where the basalt has spread for some distance laterally through a seam of
coal, charring the coal completely in places.
Hawkesbury Sbrie&
Fishes.
Myriolepis Clarkei Egerton.
Cleithrolepis granulatus. „
Plantie.
Thinnf eldia (pecopteris) odontopteroides . . . Feist.
Sphenopteris sp Bgt.
Odontopteris sp. „
PhyUotheca Australis „
Wianamatta Series.
Fishes.
PalsBoniscus gracilis. Egerton.
„ . antipodeus „
Cleithrolepis granulatus „
Plantse.
Thinnf eldia (pecopteris) odontopteris Feist.
Odontopteris microphylla M*Coy.
Pecopteris tenuifolm „
Macrotsenopteris Wianamattse Feist.
PhyUotheca Australis .' Bgt
Sphenopteris (1) sp „
Entromostaca (Estheria)
65
Clarence Series (Jurassic).
In the Clarence River District we have certain coal-bearing strata, the relative position
of which has not yet been definitely ascertained. They consist of a great thickness of conglo-
merates, sandstones, and shales. The seams of coal as yet discovered in them are of no value,
but it is not unlikely that seams of good quality will be found in the lower portion of the seriea
No Glossopteris has been found in these beds ; but, as they contain the Tceniopteris
Dainireei^ AUthopteria AuaUralis, and Thinnfeldia^ they may be newer than the Wianamatta
beds, and of the same age — Jurassic — as the Victorian coal series of which the Tceniopteria
Daintreei is a characteristic fossil.
Lower Cretaceous.
The only locality in which strata of this age have beeen identified in New South Wales
is in the north-western portion of the Colony. They have been provisionally classed as Lower
Cretaceous, but when they come to be further explored they may have to be included in the
Jurassic series. On the Dunlop Station, near the Darling River, Mr. James Wilson, in
sinking a well and bore, after first passing through the Post Pliocene deposits, at a depth of
488 feet, came upon calcareous greensand, blue clays and conglomeratic beds containing marine
fossils, with numerous fragment^ of fossil wood. From these beds the water rose in the shaft
to within 90 feet from the surface. In another well, 300 feet deep, from the bottom of which a
bore was put down to a further depth of 272 feet, similar marine fossiliferous strata were
pierced ; at this depth of 572 feet a water-bearing bed was struck, and the water, which at first
was warm, rose in the shaft to within 10 feet from the surface. The water is of good quality.
Had these bores been carried to greater depths, the water would probably have risen to the
surface. On the neighbouring run, Kallara, belonging to Messrs. Officer Bros., Mr. David
Brown, the Manager, put down a bore near a '* mud spring" to a depth of 142 feet, when the
water rose and flowed from the pipe at a height of 26 feet above the surface of the ground ; a
similar artesian well was obtained at the Mullyeo Spring on the same run.
The Cretaceous series sun*ound the Silurian, Devonian, and Granite areas of the Mount
Poole gold-field. Where they rest ujwn these older rocks they will probably be found payably
auriferous. From some wells sunk in these strata between the diggings and the Queensland
border, Mr. R G. Vickery, L.S., and Mr. Warden Slee obtained Ammonites Daintreei,
Belemnites, Cytherea, AviciUa, dx,
Mr. H. Y. L. Brown, Geological Surveyor, has recently furnished to the Department of
Mines, a valuable report upon the geology and underground water supply of this district.
There is no doubt, therefore, but that this formation extends northerly under the great
plains of the Darling into the Colony of Queensland, where they are extensively developed,
and have yielded numerous characteristic fossils which have been described by Professor M^oy,
Mr. C. Moore, F.G.S., Mr. Robert Etheridge, F.R.S., and several other Palseontologista The
Great Dividing Range, and the secondary range above mentioned, probably formed the eastern
and southern margin of the Cretaceous Sea. In the strata near this ancient shore-line we may
therefore expect to meet with the remains of those gigantic saurians which are characteristic of
this period in other parts of the Globe.
From the Cretaceous beds of Queensland three species of EnalioHaurian reptiles have
been described by Professor M^Coy, as Ichiuyosav/nis AustraliSf Ichthyo8awru8 Suiherlandiy and
FleaioacnMrus macroiipondylua,
CAINOZOIC.
The Tertiary rocks are of the highest economic importance, for they have hitherto
yielded, as they will continue to do, the chief supply of the gold and tin production of New
South Wales.
And they are replete with scientific interest, for not only in them may be traced the
development of the principal physical features which form our beautiful landscape scenery ;
but they also reveal much information regarding the early history of the ancient forms of life
now characteristic of this portion of the Globe.
66
In many places on the Great Dlyidiug B&ngft, and at various elevations up to 4,000 feet
above the aeo, occur beds of conglomerates, silicioua sandstones, clays, and ironstones containing
impreBsiona of leaves.
lo lithological character these beds have a perfect resemblance to the Lower Miocene
leaf beds of Bacchus Marsh in Yictoria ; some of the impressions of leaves in the former seem
to be undistinguishable from the Victorian fossils. Referring to the latter, Professor M'Coy
states, "The fossil plants of the ironstones are strikingly distinguished from the Pliocene
Tertiary leaf beds of the Daylesford and other older gold-dnft deposits by the total absence of
myrtaceous plants which so strongly mark the recent forest foliage of Yictoria. I have no
doubt the fossil leaves from this locality indicate a Lower Miocene or Upper Eocene Tertiary
flora, in which lauraceons plants form a remarkable featura All the species seem new, but leaves
of Launtt, Cinnajiiomum Daphnogene, and possibly Acer, are scarcely to be distinguished from
species referred to those genera in the leaf beds (of the geological age mentioned) of Rott,
near Bonn, and Oenningen (especially the Cinnamomum polymorphum, Heer)."
These deposits filled whole valleys, and probably lake-basins, at a time when the sur&ce
feataree of the land were different from what they now are. From their lithological character
some of the beds appear to be of marine origin, though no marine fossils have been foond in
them. Mr. A. R. C. Selwyn, F.RS., Director General of the Geological Survey of Canada, and
formerly Government Geologist of Victoria, was the first to describe similar beds in Victoria.
(See " NoUb on t/ie Physical Geography, Geology, and Miiieraiogy of Victoria.")
If these deposits are, as we suppose, of marine origin, then the eastern portion of the
continent during the early Miocene period must have been submerged to the extent of about
4,000 feet below its present level, leaving only the higher parts of the Cordillera standing out
as a chain of islands which have probably never been wholly submerged since the commencement
of the MesoEoic era, and whereon have survived the Cycads, Araucaria, and other ancient
vegetable forms which now abound in Australia. The living Ceralodua ForgUri of Queensland,
and the Marsupialia also point to the same conclusion.
The evidence afforded by the Great Barrier Coi-al Reef of recent submergence shows that
the Cordillera in Queensland must have stood several thousand feet higher than it does at present,
whUst its southern extension in Victoria evidently stood at a lower level, for since the Pliocene
period the southern coast of Australia has been elevated ; therefore, during the same time, the
level of the intermediate territory of New South Wales probably remsjned unchanged.
Eastern Australia therefore, on account of the great antiquity of its Cordillera, affords a
grand field for the study of the " descent with modification " of its ancient fauna and flora.
Here, indeed, we have one of those promising fields of research for the palEeontologist and
naturalist whicih have been referred to by Mr. A. R. Wallace in his splendid work, " Island Life."
Professor P. M, Duncan, F.R8., referring to these Miocene leaf beds, says, — "An
examination of the flora which underlies the marine Cainozoic deposits of the mainland of
Victoria has shown that the plants there resemble those of tropical rather than extra-tropical
Australia; and the Echinodermata of the succeeding strata afford the same evidence," And of
the fossil reef -building corals from the Miocene beds of Tasmania, the same distinguished author
states, — " Evidently the reefs round Tasmania, now long extinct, existed amidst all the physical
conditions peculiar to coral growth on a large scale. Pure sea water in rapid movement, and
having a temperature of not less than 74° Fahrenheit, was as necessary to them as it is to those
far away to the north and north-east ot the present day. The Coral-isotherm would have to be
15° of latitude south of its present position, in order that the reef should flourish south of Cape
Howe," (" Quarterly JimrTtal Geological Society, vol. xxxiL, p. 345.")
Whilst noticing these evidences of a much warmer climate than we have at present having
prevailed during the Miocene period in this portion of the Southern Hemisphere, it is interesting
to know that the Miocene fossil flora discovered within 11° of the North Pole, is stated by
Professor Heer to indicate that a temperate climate prevailed also within the Arctic rt^oos.
The Middle and Upper Miocene marine beda appear in the banks of the Murray River on
the south-western border of the Colony,
They doubtless extend under the Riverina Plains, where they are covered by the Post
Pliocene alluvial deposits.
57
As previously mentioned, we have no trace of them along our sea-board. These marine
beds do not occur upon the flanks of the Dividing Range in Yictoria at a greater elevation than
800 feet above the sea ; and as some of the fossils they contain point to littoral, or shallow sea
conditions, it is probable that this highest limit of the beds marks the shore-line of the Miocene
sea. Therefore, in the lands above this line, we should expect to meet with traces of the
fluviatile deposits of the same period.
Now the remains of old river beds do actually occur upon these high lands, but as no
fossils have been found in them, it is doubtful whether they belong to the Miocene or Lower
Pliocene periods. Without the aid of fossils, or of natural sections lowing the relation of these
deposite to older or newer formations, there wiU always be a difficulty in determining their a^
In fact, it will be almost impossible to draw a hard and fast line between them, as the sub-aeruJ
conditions of the Miocene period continued into the Pliocene ; for during the Upper Miocene,
Pliocene, and Pleistocene periods, the land appears to have been gradually rising, and of course
subject to continued atmospheric denudation which varied occasionally in intensity.
During this long period the valleys were gradually eroded, though at intervals they were
partly filled with fluviatile deposits and flows of lava and then again eroded to deeper levels.
Thus, in every large valley, as in that which the Macquarie Elver drains, we find at different
elevations terraces of gravel and alluvium which mark the successive levels of the valleys during
the intervals when the denuding agencies were not sufficiently powerful to prevent the accumu-
lation of such deposits. The more ancient of these fluviatile drifts are sometimes covered with
basalt, showing that these old valleys, during their erosion were at different times modified by
the flowing into them of lava through which the drainage water either cut a fresh channel or
was diverted, and eroded one taking another direction.
In many places, especially along the high lands of the Great Dividing Range, the basaltic
lava completely filled tibe shallower valleys and formed extensive plateaux, such as we see in the
New England district.
Great volcanic activity prevailed during the Middle Pliocene period, when many of the
watercourses, together with the plants and animals that lived upon their banks, were over-
whelmed by streams of molten lava. Wonderfully preserved relics of this life period are brought
te light from these buried river beds, or '* deep leads'' as they are called by the gold-miners. Of
the animals, we here find the earliest remains of the Diprotodon^ which Professor Owen describes
as a quadruped as big as a rhinoceros or hippopotamus. Its skull has been found over a yard
in length. The fore-limbs and hind-limbs are of equal length. The animal must have trod the
ground like a heavy pachydermal brute. Yet there are multiplied proofs in its skeleten that it
carried its young in a pouch, and that it belonged to the prevalent characteristic type of suckling
beaste in Australia ; that it was, in fact, the giant of the marsupial order. A fragment of one
of the front teeth of the upper jaw, recently found near Merriw8^ in the Hunter Raver District,
is 2 inches in diameter and 3f inches in length. The Diprotodon existed from the Pliocene
almost up to the Recent period
fVom the numerous remains found, it seems to have existed in large numbers in this
Colony, as well as in Victoria and Queensland. Three species of Nototheriwm have also been
described. This marsupial quadruped is said to have resembled in general character a large tapir.
With these lived a gigantic species of kangaroo (Macropua Tita/n), whose skull was twice the
length of the largest species now living. There were also large species of wombats (Phaacolomysjf
and of the camivora a marsupial lion ( Thylacoleojy together with the Thylacinvs or '' pouched
hyeena," and Sa/rcophihia or " devil" ; the two latter genera still exist in the island of Tasmania.
The bones of a large bird (Dromomis), of which the emu is the modem representative,
have also been found. The fauna of the Upper Tertiary period is certainly of special interest,
for, as Professor Owen remarks, '* It appears that Australia was formerly inhabited by animals
of the peculiar marsupial type, not only varied for predatory and herb-eating life, but exhibiting
their type under dimensions as varied as are the higher or placental wild beasts of the larger
continents of the globe. Creatures nearest of kin to the Australian forms, and like them,
marsupials, have indeed lived and bred in land which now forms part of the island of Great
Britain. Fossil remains of a carnivorous mammal, with a dentition most nearly like that of
HiylacoleOf have been discovered at Purbeck, on the Dorsetshire coast Fossil remains of an
58
insectiyoroas marsupiaJ, many-toothed, like the Australian Myrmecobiua, have been found in
Oxfordshire, in the slates of Stonefield. Both these localities are pf the middle or Mesozoic
Period in geology, and I may give an idea of its antiquity by saying that not a particle of the
chalk cliffs or bushless downs in England had been formed when the old pre-Britannic continent
flourished, which, in its vegetation, its shells, the fishes of its sea-shore, and the beasts of its
fields, bore the nearest resemblance, in fauna and flora, to the antipodean seat of our present
flourishing Australian Colonies. We are now superseding there the oolitic types, which alone
presented themselves to the naturalists of Cook's voyage, by other forms of vegetable and animal
life that have lent themselves, or been by man adapted to his special needs, in Asia and Europe."
The extinction of these gigantic marsupials has been attributed by Professor Owen to the agency
of man ; but this argument will hardly apply to the extinction also of the Thylacoleo and
Thylctcinua, It would rather appear that they died out owing to their supplies of food failing.
For the luxuriant vegetation which must have flourished in the humid climate of the Pleistocene
Period, when these mammals existed in great numbers, grew scantier as the climate became
more arid, consequently, the food of these herbivores diminishing, they gradually died out from
starvation, and the carnivores which subsisted upon them, not being able to capture their more
fleet-footed contemporaries, also succumbed to the same cause. Against this may be advanced
the fact that the Thylacintia still lives in Tasmania ; but when it is remembered that as the
predatory animals diminished in numbers the kangaroo would increase to such an extent as to
almost overstock the island, and, therefore, many of the latter could be easily captured, it is
not surprising that a few of the old race of carnivores should still survive.
The vegetable fossils found in the fluviatile deposits or "deep leads" of the Middle
Pliocene Period are very numerous. Large trunks, branches, and fruits of trees, with ferns,
bones of some of the above-mentioned extinct marsupials, and fresh water mussel-shells, have
been exhumed from the clays and gravels of these old river beds ; and in the leaf-bearing clays
associated with the gold drifts at Sydney Flat, near Uralla, Mr. Chas. Moore (of Bath), F.G.S.,
detected for the first time the presence of fossil insects in Australia, chiefly belonging to the
Coleopter<L From the fossil fruits Baron von Mueller, K.C.M.G., M. and Ph. D., F.R.S., etc.,
the distinguished Government Botanist of Victoria, whose researches have thrown so much
light upon the character of the vegetation of this period, has described no less than thirteen
genera and sixteen species of extinct forms, some of which have living allies.
Plantce,
Spondylostrobus Smythii P. v. Mueller.
„ Smythii, var. cr3rptaxis „
„ Smythii, var. quadrangularis „
Eisothecaryon semiseptatum „
Phymatocaryon bivalve „
„ Mackayi „
„ „ var. quinquevalvis.. „
„ angulare „
,1 „ var. elongata „
Wilkinsonia bilaminata „
niicites astrocarpa „
Pentacoila Gulgongensis „
Pleiacron elachocarpimi „
Ochthodocaryon Wilkinsonii ..., „
Plesiocapparis leptocelyphis „
Acrocoila onodonta „
Penteune Olarkei „
„ brachyclinis „
„ „ var. quadrivalvis ... „
Rhytidocaryon Wilkinsonii „
Celyphina M*Coyi (var.) „
With some of these fossil fruits a shell — Unio Aucklandicus var. Wilkinsoni var.
noY. R Etheridge, Junior — was found in the gold drifts at Home Rule.
59
These fossil remains have been obtained chiefly from the drifts which have proved so
rich in alluvial or '* placer gold." Thus on the Gulgong Gold-fleld, within a radios of 7 miles,
the old river beds, in which the fossils occur at a depth of from 50 to 175 feet^ have yielded no
less than 16 tons of gold within a period of seven years. The rich gold l^uis of the other
principal gold-fields belong to the same period ; indeed, in every large valley these ancient river
gravels are to be found, but, of course, they are gold-bearing only where they have been derived
from the degradation of the Siluiian and other auriferous Palaeozoic formations. The tin and
diamond-bearing leads of New England are believed to be either of Lower Pliocene or Miocene
age, but in the valley of the Mackintyre, near Newstead, which is stanniferous country, one of
the Middle Pliocene leads occurs deeply buried beneath basalt — it has not yet been prospected.
There are other such deep leads as yet untouched by the miner, and on the gold-fields are many
leads which have been followed into deep ground until the ordinary appliances have proved
insufficient to cope with the wet drifts met with ; but as the difficulties Iiitherto encountenid
may be overcome by employing labour-saving machinery, the leads will doubtless be again
worked, so that we may regard alluvial mining in this Colony as still in its in&ncy. The
Forbes, Parkes, Gulgong, Home Bule, and other gold-fields are localities where such undeveloped
leads exist. It is worthy of remark that in Australia the Upper Pliocene formation is the
oldest in which the Eucalyptus has yet been discovered ; it woiUd therefore appear that this
genus, which now includes the principal forest trees of Australia, is, geologiceJly speaking, of
comparatively recent introduction on the Continent.
No division line can be drawn between the deposits of the Upper Pliocene and Post
Pliocene periods. They form the terrace gravel-banks and alluvial flats which occur in all the
main valleys ; and the wide-spreading plains of deep alluvium, which are such marked physical
features in the central and western portions of the Colony, have been formed from the finer
material swept by floods beyond these valleys and deposited over the low-lying country.
Judging from the great drift deposits that were left at different levels upon the sides of the
valleys as the valleys were gradually deepened, the rainfall during this period must have been
much gi*eater than it now is. This greater rainfall has been attributed to the glaciation of
portions of the northern and southern hemispheres. At times during the " Glacial Period," an
ice sheet covered certain parts of Europe, Asia, and Americ£^ as far south as latitude 40"* ;
and it is probable that in alternation the Southern hemisphere was similarly glaciated, the
southern portion of New Zealand being then more or less covered with the Antarctic ice
sheet, which may have reached nearly to the south coast of Australia. It has been calculated
that during the Glacial period, when the cold was most intense, about 210,000 years ago,
the " direct heat of the sun in winter would be one-fifth less during that season than at present,
and in summer one-fith greater." ** But," remarks Professor T. Ramsay, F.It.S., "tlm extra
amount of heat in summer would even less have sufficed to remove the snow and ice then than
it suffices to remove it from Victoria Land at the present day; for just as that region is all
summer apt to be involved in clouds and fogs by vapours, due to partial evaporation of melting
snow, even so on a greater scale the same effects must have been produced in old epochs, when
greater glacial epochs took place alternately in the northern and southern hemispheres." We
have here, therefore, without supposing that the present high lands of the Continent stood at a
greater elevation, a very probable explanation of the evidence which the physical geology of the
southern part of Australia shows, that the denuding agencies must have operated with greater in-
tensity during the early part of the Post Pliocene Period than they are observed to do at the present
day. The Post Pliocene drifts are of variable thickness, from shallow alluvial deposits in the
valleys to about 300 feet where they have filled large depressions and formed extensive level plains.
Taken in connection with the recent deposits of sand, loam, clay, and gravel, which are
accumulating at the present time, they are of the greatest economic importance, for they have
hitherto yielded the largest supply of gold and stream tin, and the deposits are yet far from
being worked out ; indeed much of the ground already mined will pay to rework when hydraulic
appliances are brought to operate upon it
Nearly all the bone-bearing accumulations in the caves that have yet been explored are
of Post Pliocene age. They contain bones of the extinct marsupials previously mentioned,
mingled with those of some of the indigenous animals of species now living in the same localities.
52
On the Sutherland Estate, at Port Hacking, near Sydney, a bore-hole has been put down
by means of the diamond-drill to a depth of 2,170 feet, passing for the first 1,000 feet through
Hawkesbury sandstones, and then into the Coal Measures without proving coaL At a depth of
1,493 feet some ostracoid shells of the genus Esiheria were found in the cores. These have
been described by Dr. James Oox, F.L.S., in the proceedings of the Linnean Society of New
South Wales, vol. V., part the third, 1881.
It will thus be seen that this locality is over a very deep portion of the coal basin. The
eastern portion of this basin has been apparently faulted and thrown down beneath the waters of
the Pacific Ocean, the precipitous coast, and a line about 20 miles east from it, marking
approximately the lines of dislocation. The deep soundings immediately beyond this would
seem to favour this view, so that here the bed of the ocean probably consists of the old land
surface which once formed a continuation of that upon which the city of Sydney now stands,
and which has been faulted to a depth of over 12,000 feet ; the length of the faulted area is not
yet known, but it probably does not extend along the coast beyond, if so far as, the north and
south limits of the Colony.
The abrupt eastern margin of the Blue Mountains, up which the .Great Western Railway
Zig-zag ascends at Lapstone Hill, near Emu Plains, marks the line of a similar though not such
an extensive fault, by which all the country between it and the coast was thrown down to its
present level — the depression being so great that the ocean water flowed into the old river
valleys, one of which forms the beautiful harbour of Port Jackson.
** There rolls the deep where grew the tree,
" 0, eartb, what changes hast thou seen."
We have evidence that these faultings probably took i)lace towards the close of the
Tertiary epoch ; for no marine Tertiary deposits are kno\vn along this portion of the coast of
Australia, whei'eas in New Guinea on the north, and in Victoria on the south, the marine
Miocene beds occur at elevations up to 800 feet above the sea. Had this low-lying country
along the east coast of Australia then existed, it must have been covered by the Miocene sea,
and doubtless some traces of the marine strata of that period would have escaped denudation
and remained as those have which are seen in Victoria and elsewhere ; but it is very probable
that until or during the Pliocene period it stood at a much higher level, and extended some
distance beyond the present coast line. Then, again, the Tertiary deposits throughout East
Australia idiow that the valleys draining the Great Dividing Range have been chiefly eroded
since the Miocene period, for we find deep valleys and ravines cutting through later Tertiary
formations ; therefore the sinking of the land traversed by any of these valleys such as that of
Port Jackson, evidently took place in comparatively recent geological times, and may have
been contemporaneous with the extensive volcanic eruptions of the Upper Pliocene Period
during which the southern portion of Victoria especially was the locale of great volcanic activity.
How far this old land extended to the east it is difficult to indicate; but no doubt future
observations upon the distribution of the marine and terrestrial fauna and flora of the South
Pacific region will throw much light upon the subject.
TJrosthenes Australis Dana.
Plant^e.
Phyllotheca Australis Bgt.
„ Hookeri M*Coy.
„ ramosa „
(Dr, Feitimantel considers that tJie two latter species do not differ from P. Australis,)
Vertebraria Australis M*Coy.
Sphenopteris lobifolia Morr.
„ alata Bgt.
„ alata. var. exilis -* Morr.
„ hastata. M*Coy.
„ gennana. „
63
FLANTiB — continued,
Sphenopteris flexuosa M*Coy.
Glossopteris Browniana Bgt.
„ linearis M*Coy.
„ ampla. Dana.
„ reticalum „
„ cordata „
„ tseniopteroides Feist."
„ Wilkinsoni „
„ paraleUa. ..; „
Gangamopteris angustifolia M*Coy.
„ Clarkeana. Feist.
Caulopteris (?) Adamsi „
Zeuophyllites elongatus. Morr.
Noggerathiopsis spathulata Dana sp. Feist.
„ media „ „
Brachyphyllum Australe „
Scales and seeds of Conifers.
MESOZOIC— Triassic. (1)
Hawkesbury Series and Wianamatta Series.
The "Hawkesbury Beds" were so named by the late Rev. \V. B. Clarke from
their extensive development in the tract of country through which the Hawkesbury River
flows. They may be well seen in the neighbourhood of Sydney, where they form the picturesque
cliffs at the entrance to, and around the shores of Port Jackson ; and those mural precipices
which wall-in, as it were, the great valleys in the Blue Mountains, as at Govett's
Leap, in the Grose Valley, are also composed of them. The greatest observed thickness
of the series is about 1,D00 feet. The principal rocks consist of yellowish white sand-
stones, with a few beds of shale and pebble conglomerates of irregular thickness. The
sandstones exhibit much false heddingy the prevailing dip of which is to the north-east, but in
some of the beds it inclines towards the opposite direction, thus proving that there had been
occasional changes in the direction of the transporting currents of water. We also find evidence
of there having been local currents, for in places some of the beds have had channels of variable
width and from 20 to 30 feet in depth eroded through them, which were subsequently filled up
with sand and pebbles, and the whole overlaid with similar beds. These strata are suggestive of
deposition under shallow water subject to frequent disturbance by strong local currents which
were probably produced by the inflow of flooded rivei-s from the surrounding land. These
interesting Hawkesbury beds also afford evidence of glacial action having been concerned in
their deposition. At diflerent levels in the series are thin beds of shale, and the sandstones
immediately above these shale beds frequently enclose angular boulders of all sizes up to 20 feet
or more in diameter. These boulders have been torn up from the underlying beds of shale and
embedded in a very confused manner in the sand and rounded pebbles brought by the transport-
ing currents. The angular form and mode of occurrence of these boulders of soft shale evidently
show that the shale beds have been disturbed by moving ice. Professor Julius von Haast, M.D.,
F.R.S., Director of the Canterbury Museum, New Zealand, has also examined these boulder beds,
and expressed to me his opinion that the underlying shales have been broken up by " ground-ice."
In December, 1879, I contributed a paper on this subject to the Royal Society of New South
Wales, and Professor W. J. Stephens, M.A., communicated to the Linnean Society of New South
Wales, the results of similar observations made by himself of the Hawkesbury rocks in the Upper
Nepean district.*
* The Rev. Julian K Tenison- Woods, F.G.*S.» F.L.S., informs me that he considers the Hawkesbury
sandstone to be a wind-blown formation, and that he will shortly read a paper on the subject before the
Royal Society of New South Wales.
54
The principal fossils of the Hawkesbory series are, of plants, Thinnfddia odon-
topteraides, Phj/Uotheca, and fragments of stems of trees ; and of fishes, Cleithrolepis granuUUua
and Myriolepis Clwrkei ; no marine shells have yet been found.
The sandstones form excellent building material, and have been used in the construction
of all the principal public buildings in Sydney.
The whole of the Hawkesbury formation is traversed by vertical joints, the principal of
which strike about N.N.R and S.S.W., with others intersecting them at various angles and
sometimes at right angles. The sandstones almost always contain minute scales of graphite ;
and seams of coal, only a few inches in thickness, occur occasionally.
The surface of the Hawkesbury formation was denuded and worn into hollows before the
Wianamatta beds were deposited j and the latter in their lithological character also show that
great physical changes must have taken place, for they consist chiefly of argillaceous shales, which
are in striking contrast with the thick-bedded arenaceous rocks underlying them. The fine
sediment which formed the Wianamatta shales evidently settled down in the quiet waters of a
lake.
Some of the shales contain Entomostraca ; and at Parramatta and Nattai, remains
of fishes have been found, such as Palceoniscus arUipodeus and numerous impressions of
plantSj FhyUoiheca AustrcUis, Macrotc&Jiiopteris Wicmamattce, Thinnfddia odorUopt&roidea, Odan-
topteria microphylla, Fecopteris tenui/olia. The late Rev. W. B. Clarke estimated the Wiana-
matta series to be about 700 feet thick.
A few small seams of coal occur in them, but they are of no value. The shales in places
afford excellent material for brick-making. The Wianamatta beds are well exposed in the
railway cuttings between Sydney and Penrith, where they are seen to be much faulted and
broken. They are also traversed by dykes of doleritic basalt ; similar dykes pass through both
the Upper Coal Measures and Hawkesbury Bocks, and there is a remarkable instance in the
lUawarra Coal Field, where the basalt has spread for some distance laterally through a seam of
coal, charring the coal completely in places.
Hawkbsbubt SsRiEa
Fishes.
Myriolepis Clarkei Egerton.
Cleithrolepis granulatus. „
Plantse.
Thinnf eldia (pecopteris) odontopteroides . . . Feist.
Sphenopteris sp Bgt.
Odontopteris sp. „
Phyllotheca Australis „
Wianamatta Series.
Fishes.
Palseoniscus gracilis. Egerton.
„ . antipodeus „
Cleithrolepis granulatus „
Plant®.
Thinnf eldia (pecopteris) odontopteris Feist.
Odontopteris microphylla M*Coy.
Pecopteris tenuifolm „
Macrotsenopteris Wianamattee Feist.
Phyllotheca Australis .' Bgt.
Sphenopteris (?) sp „
Entromostaca (Estheria)
56
Clarence Series (Jurassic).
In the Clarence River District we have certain coal-bearing strata, the relative position
of which has not yet been definitely ascertained. They consist of a great thickness of conglo-
merates, sandstones, and shales. The seams of coal as yet discovered in them are of no value,
but it is not unlikely that seams of good quality will be found in the lower portion of the series.
No Olossopteria has been found in these beds ; but, as they contain the Tceniopteris
DairUreei, Alethopteria Australia, and Thinnfddxa, they may be newer than the Wianamatta
beds, and of the same age — Jurassic — as the Victorian coal series of which the TosniofUHa
Daintreei is a characteristic fossil.
Lo\f£R Cretaceous.
The only locality in which strata of this age have beeen identified in New South Wales
is in the north-western portion of the Colony. They have been provisionally classed as Lower
Cretaceous, but when they come to be further explored they may have to be included in the
Jurassic series. On the Dunlop Station, near the Darlmg River, Mr. James Wilson, in
sinking a well and bore, after first passing through the Post Pliocene deposits, at a depth of
488 feet, came upon calcareous greensand, blue clays and conglomeratic beds containing marine
fossils, with numerous fragments of fossil wood. From these beds the water rose in the shaft
to within 90 feet from the surface. In another well, 300 feet deep, from the bottom of which a
bore was put down to a further depth of 272 feet, similar marine fossiliferous strata were
pierced ; at this depth of 572 feet a water-bearing bed was struck, and the water, which at first
was warm, rose in the shaft to within 10 feet from the surface. The water is of good quality.
Had these bores been carried to greater depths, the water would probably have risen to the
sur&ca On the neighbouring run, Elallara, belonging to Messrs. Officer Bros., Mr. David
Brown, the Manager, put down a bore near a *' mud spring'' to a depth of 142 feet, when the
water rose and flowed from the pipe at a height of 26 feet above the surface of the ground ; a
similar artesian well was obtained at the Mullyeo Spring on the same run.
The Cretaceous series surround the Silurian, Devonian, and Granite areas of the Mount
Poole gold-field. Where they rest upon these older rocks they will probably be found payably
auriferous. From some wells sunk in these strata between the diggings and the Queensland
border, Mr. R G. Vickery, L.S., and Mr. Warden Slee obtained Ammanitea DairUreei,
Belemnites, Cytherea, AvictUoj <Lx.
Mr. H. Y. L. Brown, Geological Surveyor, has recently furnished to the Department of
Mines, a valuable report upon the geology and underground water supply of this district
There is no doubt, therefore, but that this formation extends northerly under the great
plains of the Darling into the Colony of Queensland, where they are extensively developed,
and have yielded numerous characteristic fossils which have been described by Professor M*Coy,
Mr. CL Moore, F.G.S., Mr. Robert Etheridge, F.R.S., and several other Palaeontologists. The
Great Dividing Range, and the secondary range above mentioned, probably formed the eastern
and southern margin of the Cretaceous Sea. In the strata near this ancient shore-line we may
therefore expect to meet with the remains of those gigantic saurians which are characteristic of
this period in other parts of the Globe.
From the Cretaceous beds of Queensland three species of Enaliosaurian reptiles have
been described by Professor M'Coy, as Ichthyoaamrus Atiairalia, Ichthyoamn/rua SutherUmdi^ and
Pleawaav/rua macroapondylua,
OAINOZOIC.
The Tertiary rocks are of the highest economic importance, for they have hitherto
yielded, as they will continue to do, the chief supply of the gold and tin production of New
South Wales.
And they are replete with scientific interest, for not only in them may be traced the
development of the principal physical features which form our beautiful landscape scenery ;
but they also reveal much information r^arding the early history of the ancient forms of life
now characteristic of this portion of the Globe. •
56
In many places on the Great Dividing Eange, and at various elevations up to 4,000 feet
above the sea, occur beds of conglomerates, silicious sandstones, clays, and ironstones containing
impressions of leaves.
In lithological character these beds have a perfect resemblance to the Lower Miocene
leaf beds of Bacchus Marsh in Victoria ; some of the impressions of leaves in the former seem
to be undistinguishable from the Victorian fossils. Referring to the latter, Professor M*Coy
states, "The fossil plants of the ironstones are strikingly distinguished from the Pliocene
Tertiary leaf beds of the Daylesford and other older gold-drift deposits by the total absence of
myrtaceous plants which so strongly mark the recent forest foUage of Victoria. I have no
doubt the fossil leaves from this locality indicate a Lower Miocene or Upper Eocene Tertiary
flora, in which lauraceous plants form a remarkable feature. All the species seem new, but leaves
of LauruSj Cinnamomum Daphnogene, and possibly Acer, are scarcely to be distinguished from
species referred to those genera in the leaf beds (of the geological age mentioned) of Bott,
near Bonn, and Oenningen (especially the Cinnwniomum polymorphum, Heer)."
These deposits filled whole valleys, and probably lake-basins, at a time when the surface
features of the land were diflferent from what they now &re. From their lithological character
some of the beds appear to be of marine origin, though no marine fossils have been found in
them. Mr. A. R C. Selwyn, F.RS., Director General of the Geological Survey of Canada, and
formerly Government Geologist of Victoria, was the first to describe similar beds in Victoria*
(See " liFotes on tlie Physical Geography, Geology, and Mineralogy of Victoria,**)
If these deposits are, as we suppose, of marine origin, then the eastern portion of the
continent during the early Miocene period must have been submerged to the extent of about
4,000 feet below its present level, leaving only the higher parts of the Cordillera standing out
as a chain of islands which have probably never been wholly submerged since the commencement
of the Mesozoic era, and whereon have survived the Cycads, Araucaria, and other ancient
vegetable forms which now abound in Australia. The living Ceratodus Forsteri of Queensland,
and the Marsupialia also point to the same conclusion.
The evidence afibrded by the Great Barrier Coi-al Reef of recent submergence shows that
the Cordillera in Queensland must have stood several thousand feet higher than it does at present,
whilst its southern extension in Victoria evidently stood at a lower level, for since the Pliocene
period the southern coast of Australia has been elevated ; therefore, during the same time, the
level of the intermediate territory of New South Wales probably remained unchanged.
Eastern Australia therefore, on account of the great antiquity of its Cordillera, affords a
grand field for the study of the *' descent with modification " of its ancient fauna and flora.
Here, indeed, we have one of those promising fields of research for the palaeontologist and
naturalist which have been referred to by Mr. A. R Wallace in his splendid work, " Island Life"
Professor P. M. Duncan, F.RS., referring to these Miocene leaf beds, says, — "An
examination of the flora which underlies the marine Cainozoic deposits of the mainland of
Victoria has shown that the plants there resemble those of tropical rather than extra-tropical
Australia ; and the Echinodermata of the succeeding strata afford the same evidence,'' And of
the fossil reef -building corals from the Miocene beds of Tasmania, the same distinguished author
states, — " Evidently the reefs round Tasmania, now long extinct, existed amidst all the physical
conditions peculiar to coral growth on a large scale. Pure sea water in rapid movement, and
having a temperature of not less than 74° Fahrenheit, was as necessary to them as it is to those
far away to the north and north-east at the present day. The Coral-isotherm would have to be
Id*" of latitude south of its present position, in order that the reef should flourish south of Cape
Howa" (" Qv^rterly Journal Geological Society, vol. xxxii., p. 345.")
Whilst noticing these evidences of a much warmer climate than we have at present having
prevailed during the Miocene period in this portion of the Southern Hemisphere, it is interesting
to know that the Miocene fossil flora discovered within IF of the North Pole, is stated by
Professor Heer to indicate that a temperate climate prevailed also within the Arctic regions.
The Middle and Upper Miocene marine beds appear in the banks of the Murray River on
the south-western border of the Colony.
They doubtless extend under the Riverina Plains, where they are covered by the Post
Pliocene alluvial deposits.
57
As previously mentioned, we have no trace of them along our sea-boarcL These marine
beds do not occur upon the flanks of the Dividing Range in Victoria at a greater elevation than
800 feet above the sea ; and as some of the fossils they contain point to littoral, or shallow sea
conditions, it is probable that this highest limit of the beds marks the shore-line of the Miocene
sea. Therefore, in the lands above this line, we should expect to meet with traces of the
fluviatile deposits of the same period
Now the remains of old river beds do actually occur upon these high lands, but as no
fossils have been found in them, it is doubtful whether they belong to the Miocene or Lower
Pliocene perioda Without the aid of fossils, or of natural sections lowing the relation of these
deposits to older or newer formations, there will always be a difficulty in determining their aga
In fact, it will be almost impossible to draw a hard and fast line between them, as the sub-aenal
conditions of the Miocene period continued into the Pliocene ; for during the Upper Miocene,
Pliocene, and Pleistocene periods, the land appears to have been gradually rising, and of course
subject to continued atmospheric denudation which varied occasionally in intensity.
During this long period the valleys were gradually eroded, though at intervals they were
partly filled with fluviatile deposits and flows of lava and then again eroded to deeper levels.
Thus, in every large valley, as in that which the Macquarie Elver drains, we find at different
elevations terraces of gravel and alluvium which mark the successive levels of the valleys during
the intervals when the denuding agencies were not sufficiently powerful to prevent the accumu-
lation of sudi deposits. The more ancient of these fluviatile drifts are sometimes covered with
basalt, showing that these old valleys, during their erosion were at different times modified by
the flowing into them of lava through which the drainage water either cut a fresh channel or
was diverted, and eroded one taking another direction.
In many places, especially along the high lands of the Great Dividing Bange, the basaltic
lava completely filled ihe shallower valleys and formed extensive plateaux, such as we see in the
New England district.
Great volcanic activity prevailed during the Middle Pliocene period, when many of the
watercourses, tegether with the plants and animals that lived upon their banks, were over-
whelmed by streams of molten lava. Wonderfully preserved relics oi this life period are brought
to light from these buried river beds, or " deep leads'' as they are called by the gold-miners. Of
the animals, we here find the earliest remains of the Diprotodon, which Professor Owen describes
as a quadruped as big as a rhinoceros or hippopotamus. Its skull has been found over a yard
in length. The fore-limbs and hind-limbs are of equal length. The animal must have trod the
ground like a heavy pachydermal brute. Tet there are multiplied proofe in its skeleton that it
carried its young in a pouch, and that it belonged to the prevalent characteristic type of suckling
beaste in Australia ; that it was, in &ct, the giant of the marsupial order. A fragment of one
of the front teeth of the upper jaw, recently found near Merriwa, in the Hunter Biver District,
is 2 inches in diameter and 3f inches in length. The Diprotodon existed from the Pliocene
almost up to the Recent period
ifrom the numerous remains found, it seems to have existed in large numbers in this
Colony, as well as in Victoria and Queensland. Three species of Nototheriwm have also been
described. This marsupial quadruped is said to have resembled in general character a large tapir.
With these lived a gigantic species of kangaroo (Macroptis Titcm), whose skull was twice the
length of the largest species now living. There were also large species of wombats (PhaacolamyaJ,
and of the camivora a marsupial lion (TJiylacoleo)^ together with the ITiylacintM or '* pouched
hyaena," and Sarcophilua or *' devil" ; the two latter genera still exist in the island of Tasmania.
The bones of a large bird (Dromomis), of which the emu is the modem representative,
have also been found. The fauna of the Upper Tertiary period is certainly of special interest,
for, as Professor Owen remarks, '* It appears that Australia was formerly inhabited by animals
of the peculiar marsupial type, not only varied for predatory and herb-eating life, but exhibiting
their type under dimensions as varied as are the higher or placental wild beasts of the larger
continents of the globe. Creatures nearest of kin to the Australian forms, and like them,
marsupials, have indeed lived and bred in land which now forms part of the island of Great
Britain. Fossil remains of a carnivorous mammal, with a dentition most nearly like that of
ThylacoleOf have been discovered at Purbeok, on the Dorsetshire coast Fossil remains of an
58
insectivorous marsapial, many-toothed, like the Australian Mymiecobitia, have been found in
Oxfordshire, in the slates of Stonefield. Both these localities are pf the middle or Mesozoic
Period in geology, and I may give an idea of its antiquity by saying that not a particle of the
chalk cliffs or bushless downs in England had been formed when the old pre-Britannic continent
flourished, which, in its vegetation, its shells, the fishes of its sea-shore, and the beasts of its
fields, bore the nearest resemblance, in fauna and flora, to the antipodean seat of our present
flourishing Australian Colonies. We are now superseding there the oolitic types, which alone
presented themselves to the naturalists of Cook's voyage, by other forms of vegetable and animal
life that have lent themselves, or been by man adapted to his special needs, in Asia and Europe."
The extinction of these gigantic marsupials has been attributed by Professor Owen to the agency
of man ; but this argument will hardly apply to the extinction also of the Thylacoleo and
Thylaeinus, It would rather appear that they died out owing to their supplies of food failing.
For the luxuriant vegetation which must have flourished in the humid climate of the Pleistocene
Period, when these mammals existed in great numbers, grew scantier as the climat.e became
more arid, consequently, the food of these herbivores diminishing, they gradually died out from
starvation, and the carnivores which subsisted upon them, not being able to capture their more
fleet-footed contemporaries, also succumbed to the same cause. Against this may be advanced
the fact that the Thyldcinus still lives in Tasmania ; but when it is remembered that as the
predatory animals diminished in numbers the kangaroo would increase to such an extent as to
almost overstock the island, and, therefore, many of the latter could be easily captured, it is
not surprising that a few of the old race of carnivores should still survive.
The vegetable fossils found in the fluviatile deposits or ''deep leads" of the Middle
Pliocene Period are very numerous. Large trunks, branches, and fruits of trees, with ferns,
bones of some of the above-mentioned extinct marsupials, and fresh water mussel-shells, have
been exhumed from the clays and gravels of these old river beds ; and in the leaf-bearing clays
associated with the gold drifts at Sydney Flat, near Uralla, Mr. Chas. Moore (of Bath), F.G.S.,
detected for the first time the presence of fossil insects in Australia, chiefly belonging to the
Coleoptera. From the fossil fruits Baron von Mueller, K.C.M.G., M. and Ph. D., F.R.S., etc.,
the distinguished Government Botanist of Victoria, whose researches have thrown so much
light upon the character of the vegetation of this period, has described no less than thirteen
genera and sixteen species of extinct forms, some of which have living allies.
Flantce,
Spondylostrobus Smythii P. v. Mueller,
„ Smythii, var. ciyptaxis „
„ Smythii, var. quadrangularis „
^othecaryon semiseptatum
Phymatocaryon bivalve „
„ Mackayi „
„ „ var. quinquevalvis.. „
„ angulare „
„ „ var. elongata „
Wilkinsonia bilaminata „
Illicites astrocarpa „
Pentacoila Gulgongensis „
Pleiacron elachocarpum „
Ochthodocaryon Wilkinsonii „
Plesiocapparis leptocelyphis „
Acrocoila onodonta „
Penteune Olarkei „
„ brachyclinis „
9) „ var. quadrivalvis ... „
Rhytidocaryon Wilkinsonii „
Celyphina M*Coyi (var.) „
With some of these fossil fruits a shell — Unio Aucklandicus var. Wilkinsoni var.
nov. R Etheridge, Junior — was found in the gold drifts at Home Rule.
69
These fossil remains have been obtained chiefly from the drifts which have proved so
rich in alluvial or ** placer gold." Thus on the Gulgong Gold-field, within a radios of 7 miles,
the old river beds, in which the fossils occur at a depth of from 50 to 175 feet^ have yielded no
less than 16 tons of gold within a period of seven years. The rich gold leads of the other
principal gold-fields belong to the same period ; indeed, in every large valley these ancient river
gravels are to be found, but, of course, they are gold-bearing only where they have been derived
from the degradation of the Silurian and other auriferous Paleozoic formations. The tin and
diamond-bearing leads of New England are believed to be either of Lower Pliocene or Miocoie
age, but in the valley of the Mackintyre, near Newstead, which is stanniferous country, one of
the Middle Pliocene leads occurs deeply buried beneath basalt — it has not yet been prospected.
There are other such deep leads as yet untouched by the miner, and on the gold-fields are many
leads which have been followed into deep ground until the ordinary appliances have proved
insufficient to cope with the wet drifts met with ; but as the difficulties liitherto encountef^
may be overcome by employing labour-saving machinery, the leads will doubtless be again
worked, so that we may regard alluvial mining in this Colony as still in its infancy. The
Forbes, Parkes, Gulgong, Home Kule, and other gold-fields are localities where such undeveloped
leads exist It is wortiby of remark that in Australia the Upper Pliocene formation is the
oldest in which the Eucalyptus has yet been discovered ; it would therefore appear that this
genus, which now includes the principal forest trees of Australia, is, geologically speaking, of
comparatively recent introduction on the Continent.
No division line can be drawn between the deposits of the Upper Pliocene and Post
Pliocene periods. They form the terrace gravel-banks and alluvial flats which occur in all the
main valleys ; and the wide-spreading plains of deep alluvium, which are such marked physical
features in the central and western portions of the Colony, have been formed from tlie finer
material swept by floods beyond these valleys and deposited over the low-lying country.
Judging from the great drift deposits that were left at different levels upon the sides of the
valleys as the valleys were gradually deepened, the rainfall during this period must have been
much greater than it now is. This greater rainfall has been attributed to the glaciation of
portions of the northern and southern hemispheres. At times during the " Glacial Period," an
ice sheet covered certain parts of Europe, Asia, and America, as far south as latitude 40"* ;
and it is probable that in alternation the Southern hemisphere was similarly glaciated, the
southern portion of New Zealand being then more or less covered with the Antarctic ice
sheet, which may have reached nearly to the south coast of Australia. It has been calculated
that during the Glacial period, when the cold was most intense, about 210,000 years ago,
the ^' direct heat of the sun in winter would be one-fifth less during that season than at present,
and in summer one-fith greater." "But," remarks Professor T. Ramsay, F.R.S., "this extra
amount of heat in summer would even less have sufficed to remove the snow and ice then than
it suffices to remove it from Victoria Land at the present day; for just as that region is all
summer apt to be involved in clouds and fogs by vapours, due to partial evaporation of melting
snow, even so on a greater scale the same eflects must have been produced in old epochs, when
greater glacial epochs took place alternately in the northern and southern hemispheres." We
have here, therefore, without supposing that the present high lands of the Continent stood at a
greater elevation, a very probable explanation of the evidence which the physical geology of the
southern part of Australia shows, that the denuding agencies must have operated with greater in-
tensity during the early part of the Post Pliocene Period than they are observed to do at tie present
day. The Post Pliocene drifts are of variable thickness, from shallow alluvial deposits in the
valleys to about 300 feet where they have filled large depressions and formed extensive level plains.
Taken in connection with the recent deposits of sand, loam, clay, and gravel, which are
accumulating at the present time, they are of the greatest economic importance, for they have
hitherto yielded the largest supply of gold and stream tin, and the deposits are yet far from
being worked out ; indeed much of the ground already mined will pay to rework when hydraulic
appliances are brought to operate upon it
Nearly all the bone-bearing accumulations in the caves that have yet been explored are
of Post Pliocene age. They contain bones of the extinct marsupials previously mentioned,
mingled with those of some of the indigenous animals of species now living in the same localities.
60
In a well 28 feet deep, sunk in a boggy spring at " Cuddio Springs ** on the level country south
of the Darling, near Brewarrina, teeth of crocodiles were found with bones of Diprotodon, dec.
No human remains have yet been found with the bones of the extinct animalg ; but a stone
hatchet has been obtained, on the Bodalla estate, in the alluvium at a depth of 14 feet from the
surface.
In several places certain hard rocks have been extensively quarried, apparently for
centuries past, by the aboriginals for the manufacture of stone hatchets. Old groovings in the
rocks made during the process of shaping the stone hatchets, and numerous native ovens, are
also relics of the aboriginals. But ethnological researches have not yet been sufficiently
prosecuted here to enable us to deteinnine the antiquity of the aboriginal race in this portion of
Australia.
''^ . Post Pliocene.
Mammalia.
Sarcophilus ursinus Harris.
Sarcophilus laniarius Owen.
Thylaoinus cynocephalus Harris.
Thylacinus major ! Owen.
Thylacoleo camifex
Nototherium Mitchelli
Nototherium Victoriae
Nototherium inerme
Phascolomys Mitchelli
Krefflii
latifrons
medius
gigas
Macropus titan
„ Anak
„ affinis
Sthenurus Atlas
Sthenurus Brehus
„ minor
Protemnodon mimas
Anak
Og
roechus
„ antoBUS
Phascolagus altus
„ erubescens
Procoptodon Goliah
„ pusio
„ rapha
Boriogale magnus
Hahnaturus Scottii Krefft.
„ Thomsoni
Palorchestes Azael
Dorcopsis
i»
»>
99
99
99
99
Reptilia.
Magalania prisca
Crocodiles.
Dromomis.
Owen.
Avis.
61
IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHia
On the acoompanying map it will be seen that the igneous formations occupy an area of
not less than 39,500 square miles, or about one-eighth of the whole area of the Colony.
They comprise a great variety of granites, porphyries, greenstones, and basalts, some of
which pass by such a gradual change from one into the other that it is often impossible to draw
any definite line of division between them. On the other hand some of them pass so gradually
into rocks of a sedimentary origin, as for instance granites into Sliurian schists, that they afford
convincing proof of their metamorphic origin. At Adelong the gneissoid granite appears to
have retained the planes of stratification of the original schists.
On the HiU End gold-field also, the rocks, consisting of Silurian shales, sandstones and
conglomerates, are observed, as I have before described, to have been variously altered in
structure by metamorphism ; the original shales being only affected by cleavage, while the thick
beds of fossiliferous conglomerates have become crystalline in structure resembling an igneous
rock. My late colleague (Mr. K F. Pittman, Assoc. RS.M.) in the notes on his geological
map of Hill End and Tambaroora, makes special reference to this metamorphosed conglomerate,
and states, " This rock forms one of the most noticable features of the district. In the physical
peculiarities of its occurrence it somewhat resembles the Diorites which are characteristic of the
neighbouring gold-fields of the Upper Turon (Sof ala), standing out on the hill tops in huge
rounded masses, and showing a somewhat bomb-like or concretionary structure when quarried.
Here, however, the similarity ends, for the Hill End rock, upon close inspection, is found to be
free from hornblende, and consists of quartz and felspar crystals in a blue siliceo-felspathic
matrix, while indistinct outlines of large pebbles of slate and sandstone clearly point to the fact
that it is an altered sedimentary rock ; the re-arrangement of the particles with the production
of crystals of felspar and quartz being due partly to chemical action, and partly to heat and
pressure caused by the shrinkage of the earth's crust"
I have also observed similar effects of transmutation in the Silurian rocks on the Parkes
gold-field and elsewhere. In the Murrumbidgee, Bathurst, and New England districts, gneiss
and mica schists occasionally occur in proximity to granites; they are, without doubt, the
transmuted portions of Upper Silurian beds. Sometimes the contiguous granites enclose frag-
ments of slate, quartz, mica schists, and other rocks; from which we may infer that the
metamorphism had proceeded so far as to produce partial fusion of the mass, leaving fragments
of the original rock not melted up ; but where the fusion has been complete the granite is found
to be of an irruptive character, and either homogeneous or porphyritic in texture.
Considering the derivative origin, therefore, of most of the granites, and the manner in
which the numerous detached masses of them occur amidst the Silurian and Devonian areas,
the remarks of Mr. A. R C. Selwyn, F.R.S., that rocks of this class probably exist at no great
depth beneath the entire area of Victoria, will also apply to New South Wales.
In the stanniferous districts of Cope's Creek, in New England, we have irruptive granites
of two ages ; the older rock consists chiefly of euritic granite, and the younger is a white
porphyritic granite full of rectangular crystals of white orthoclase felspar, some of them about
1 inch in length, which stand out prominently on the exposed surface of the rock. This latter
granite weathers into round-shaped bosses, whereas the finer grained eurite granite is generally
broken up into angular masses. The porphyritic granite on Newstead Creek is seen intruding,
and to have highly tilted, sedimentary beds which are believed to be of Carboniferous age.
Near Rydal, on the Great Western Railway, the Devonian strata of Mount Lambie have
been upheaved and penetrated by a porphyritic granite full of double hexagonal pjrramids of quartz ;
it varies greatly in composition, and in places passes into a dense green stone diorite. Gold is found
in the alluvial drift from these Devonian granites ; and it is interesting to know that it was in
this granitic detritus, near Hartley, that the late Rev. W. B. Clarke found gold in the year 1841,
That the homblendic granites have always been found to be more or less auriferous was
many years ago pointed out by the same distinguished geologist, whose valuable paper on the
" Progress of Gold Discovery in Australia," enters very fully into the subject. The granite
formation is the source of the gold found on the Major's Creek Gold-fields, and this granite is
qtdte porphyritic from the enclosed crystals of hornblende. It is traversed by auriferous quartz
yeins containing much iron pyrite&
62
In many localities throughout the Colony, Silurian and Devonian strata are penetrated
by dykes and masses of diorite, and from these some of the richest auriferous alluvial deposits
found in the Colony have been derived.
The age of the greenstones is not known ; near Scone, in the Hunter Biver district^ the
Coal Measures have been disturbed by them, and on the Lachlan Gold-fields pebbles of diorite
occur embedded in conglomerates of Silurian age. Excepting in the latter instance, all evidence
hitherto obtained shows that our granites, porphyries, syenites, and diorites are principally of
Middle and Upper Palaeozoic age. The volcanic rocks, dolerite, basalt, amygdaloid, <&c., axe
almost entirely of Tertiary age. They occur in many places on the high lands of the Great
Dividing Range forming plateaux, and also upon its eastern and western slope& They have
been chiefly erupted from *< pipes or fissures *' without forming any of those conical hilLs with
crater-basins, which so characterise many of the points of eruption in the volcanic districts of
Victoria. The lofty Conobolas, near Orange, are, however, extinct volcanos.
In the Gulgong Gk)ld-field we have amygdaloidal basalt containing analcimey atiUnte^ &c.
From its position in regard to the drifts it is probably of Upper Miocene age ; while overlying
the Pliocene drifts (deep leads) in the same locality occur extensive flows of basalt, which have
filled up old valleys, and here and there spread out over considerable areas. Similar occxuTences
may be observed in the stanniferous districts of Inverell, and in several other parts of the Colony.
Basaltic rocks occupy some of the highest points of the Dividing Kange near Kiandra, as
at Mount Table Top, which is over 5,000 feet above the sea, and which the late Mr. Lamont
Yoimg, who explored it in 1880, regarded as a point of eruption.
At Mount Wilson, near the Great Western Railway, an intrusive mass of dense augitic
basalt containing crystals of oligoclase has burst through the Coal Measures and Hawkesbury
sandstones and flowed out and covered the latter. Wherever patehcs of this trap rock occur
the soil resulting from the decomposition supports a most luxuriant growth of vegetation,
including tree-ferns and splendid timber trees of EucalyptL These patehes of dense vegetable
growth amidst the ruggeid Blue Mountains are in striking contrast with the stunted timber
and scrub seen almost everywhere upon the sandstone formation.
I have before mentioned the dolerite dykes intruding the Coal Measures, and which have
charred some of the coal seams in the lUawarra district. Dykes of the same character also
intersect the coal seams in the Northern Coal-field, where some fine instances may be seen in
the Cliff sections on the Coast at lobby's, near Newcastle.
Most of the " blue metal " used for road-making in the city and suburbs of Sydney is
quarried from the intrusive masses of basalt at Pennant Hills, Prospect, and Kiama.
Near Inverell the Pliocene basalt contains large crystals of Herachdite, with analcime
and aragonite, also small rounded masses of olivine. Basalt of the same age caps the Bald Hills,
near Bathurst ; it here exhibits columnar structure, some of the columns being very regular in
form and straight, while others are curved in a remarkable manner.
Serpentine is found in several districts throughout the Colony, as at Gundagai, Lucknow,
Rockley, Bingera, Port Macquarie, &c It forms rock masses of considerable extent ; gold,
copper, asbestos, chromic iron and nickel have been found in it.
h.-
62
In manj localities throughout the Colony, Silurian and Devonian strata are penetrated
by dykes and masses of diorite, and from these some of the richest auriferous alluvial deposits
found in the Colony have been derived.
The age of the greenstones is not known ; near Scone, in the Hunter River district^ the
Coal Measures have been disturbed by them, and on the Lachlan Gk)ld-fields pebbles of diorite
occur embedded in conglomerates of Silurian age. Excepting in the latter instance, all evidence
hitherto obtained shows that our granites, porphyries, syenites, and diorites are principally of
Middle and Upper PalsBOzoic age. The volcanic rocks, dolerite, basalt, amygdaloid, <&c., are
almost entirely of Tertiary age. They occur in many places on the high lands of the Great
Dividii^ Range forming plateaux, and also upon its eastern and western slopes. They have
been chiefly erupted from ** pipes or fissures " without forming any of those conical hills with
crater-basins, which so characterise many of the points of eruption in the volcanic districts of
Victoria. The lofty Conobolas, near Orange, are, however, extinct volcanos.
In the Gulgong Grold-ficld we have amygdaloidal basalt containing analcime^ stUbite^ &c
From its position in regard to the drifts it is probably of Upper Miocene age ; while overlying
the Pliocene drifts (deep leads) in the same locality occur extensive flows of Imsalt, which have
filled up old valleys, and here and there spread out over considerable areas. Similar occurrences
may be observed in the stanniferous districts of Inverell, and in several other parts of the Colony.
Basaltic rocks occupy some of the highest points of the Dividing Range near Kiandra, as
at Mount Table Top, which is over 5,000 feet above the sea, and which the late Mr. Lament
Yoimg, who explored it in 1880, regarded as a point of eruption.
At Mount Wilson, near the Great Western Railway, an intrusive mass of dense augitic
basalt containing crystals of oligoclctse has burst through the Coal Measures and Hawkesbury
sandstones and flowed out and covered the latter. Wherever patches of this trap rock occur
the soil resulting from the decomposition supports a most luxuriant growth of vegetation,
including tree-ferns and splendid timber trees of Eucalypti These patches of dense vegetable
growth amidst the rugged Blue Mountains are in striking contrast with the stunted timber
and scrub seen almost everywhere upon the sandstone formation.
I have before mentioned the dolerite dykes intruding the Coal Measures, and which have
charred some of the coal seams in the Illawarra district Dykes of the same character also
intersect the coal seams in the Northern Coal-field, where some fine instances may be seen in
the Cliff sections on the Coast at Nobby 's, near Newcastle.
Most of the " blue metal " used for road-making in the city and suburbs of Sydney is
quarried from the intrusive masses of basalt at Pennant Hills, Prospect, and Kiama.
Near Inverell the Pliocene basalt contains large crystals of HersclidiU^ with ancddme
and araganite, also small rounded masses of olivine. Basalt of the same age caps the Bald HiUs,
near Bathurst ; it here exhibits columnar structure, some of the columns being very regular in
form and straight, while others are curved in a remarkable manner.
Serpentine is found in several districts throughout the Colony, as at Gundagai, Lucknow,
Rockley, Bingera, Port Macquarie, &c It forms rock masses of considerable extent ; gold,
copper, asbestos, chromic iron and nickel have been found in it
THE MINERALS OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
BT
ARCHIBALD LIVERSIDGE, P.R.S.
ASSOCIATE OF THE ROTAL SCHOOL OF MINES, LONDON, LATE SCHOLAR OF CHRISTS COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE,
PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY, ETC.
SECOND EDITION.
THE MINERALS OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
BT
ARCHIBALD LIVERSIDGE, F.R-S.,
AModftie of the Royal School of Mines, London, late Scholar of OhriafB College, Cambridge, ProfeMor of
Chemistry and Mineralogy in the University of Sydney.
The following paper was originally read before the Koyal Society of New South Wales in
December, 1874, and appeared in the Society's Transactions for that year. Since that time
every opportunity open to me has been taken advantage of to correct and add to it ; special
attention has been paid to the chemical composition of the minerals ; but on account of ihe great
length of time required to make complete analyses and the difficulty of obtaining specimens
sufficiently pure for the purpose the number of minerals analysed is by no means equal to my
wishes.
In addition to my own I have incorporated the analyses of minerals made by others, and
notably those made by Mr. W. A. Dixon, F.I.C., for the Mining Department, and published in
the annual reports of the Department of Mines, Sydney.
I may, perhaps, state that the descriptions of the minerals are given almost entirely from
-specimens which I have either collected myself or which have come under my own personal
observation. It is much to be regretted that no systematic examination of the minerals and
rocks of New South Wales has been undertaken similar to that performed in other Colonies.
The amount of exact information upon the chemical composition of the various minerals
occurring in New South Wales which has yet been published is extremely small, and by no
means equal to what might naturally be expected from a Colony so rich and prosperous, and so
well endowed with mineral wealth.
Great difficulty was at times found in identifying certain of the localities, from the changes
which the names of places have in many cases undergone — numbers of localities I have had to
reject altogether on this account, and some uncertain ones probably still remain ; but as it is still
my intention, as stated in the original edition, to bring this introductory paper out in a more
complete form, with, if possible, descriptive figures of the more remarkable specimens, I hope to
be able to correct any mistakes which may have crept in, and in a paper of this kind it is almost
impossible that some should not occur, although I have done my best to keep the number down
to as few as possible. Too often it is the practice to intentionally mislead, especially if the col-
lector &nciee that the mineral is likely to be of commercial value ; this is of course done with
the object of preventing the information leaking out in any way, and the finder being forestalled
in making application for a mineral lease or the right to work the deposit
Some of the localities have been taken from papers published by the late Rev. W. B.
Clarke, M.A., F.RS., the late Mr. Stutchbury, who was for some time Cxovemment Qeologist,
from some of the reports of the earlier explorors, and from the publications of the Mining
Departmtnt.
66
PART 1.
METALLIC MINERALS.
Gold.
Only one true mineral species of gold has up to the present been found in New South
Wales, and that is —
Native Gold.
Crystallizes in the cubical system. Well developed crystals are very rare and are never of
large size, seldom exceeding \ inch in diameter, and the faces are usually more or less cavernous ;
the most common form are the octohedron and rhombic dodekahedron ; single and detached
crystals are seldom found — they are usually attached end to end, forming strings, wires, and branch-
ing or arborescent forms. A beautiful branching tree-like group of large rhombic dodekahedral
crystals weighing some 20 ozs. was formerly to be seen in the Australian Museum collection, but
the specimen has been stolen, so that it is unfortunately lost to science, for no goniometrical
measurements were made, and not even a cast or drawing seems to have been retained.
Occasionally elongated crystals of rhombic dodekahedra are met with, arranged in columnar
masses very similar to groups of basaltic columns. Some very perfect crystals were obtained
in the early days of gold-mining from the Louisa Creek. As with other minerals, the smaller
crystals are usually the most perfect. Filiform, reticulated, and spongy shapes are common ;
but more so are irregular plates, scales, and strings, which interpenetrate the matrix in every
direction. In one or two specimens from the " Uncle Tom Mine," Lucknow, I have observed
capillary crystals or filaments of gold resembling the artificial "moss gold," or the better
known " moss copper" ; in this mine the gold occurs with mLspickel and calcite, the matted
or moiss-like filaments being met with in small cavities in the former mineral* Sometimes, as
observed by Mr. C. S. Wilkinson at the Cowarbee Mine, about 40 miles north-west of Wagga
Wagga, the plates are so exceedingly thin that they form mere films like gold-leaf, and in tiiis
particular instance the films run both between and across the laminae of the red-coloured
schistose rock in which they occur. Then, again, gold occurs in New South Wales, as elsewhere,
so finely divided and equally diffused throughout the matrix as to be invisible even by the aid
of a lens.
As alluvial gold it occurs in more or less rounded and water- worn flattened grains, scales,
and pebbles or nuggets. The largest nuggets discovered in Australia have been found in
Victoria ; none at all to compare with them in size have been in New South Wales.
Examples of New South Wales Nuggets.
No. 1. Found in July, 1851, by a native boy, amongst a heap of quartz, at Meroo Creek
or Louisa C*reek, River Turon, 53 miles from Bathurst, and 29 miles from Mudgee, New South
Wales, where there is now a township known as Hargraves. It was in three pieces when dis-
covered, though generally considered as one mass. The aboriginal who discovered these blocks
'' observed a speck of some glittering substance upon the surface of a block of the quartz, upon
which he applied his tomahawk, and broke off a portion." One of the pieces weighed 70 lbs.
avoir., and gave 60 fi)s. troy of gold ; the gross weight of the other two about 60 fbs, each.
These thi*ee pieces, weighing 1^ cwt, contained 106 fi)s. troy of gold, and about 1 cwt. of quartz.
In the same year another nugget, weight 30 B)S. 6 ozs., was discovered in clay, 24 yards from the
large pieces ; and in the following year, near to No. G, there were found two nuggets, weighing
157 oza and 71 ozs.
Gross weight (troy), 106 fts., or 1,272 ozs.
* On the formation of moss gold and silver (A. Livenidge, Trcms, Roy, Soc. o/N, S. W., 1876).
67
The following account of the discovery of the above "hundredweight of gold," as it
was termed, is quoted in Stirling's "Gold Discoveries of 1862," from the Sydney Morning
Herald, of 18th July, 1851 :—
" Bathurst is mad again. The delirium of golden fever has returned with increased in-
tensity. Men meet together, stare stupidly at each other, talk incoherent nonsense, and wonder
what will happen next. Everybody has a hundred times seen a hundredweight of flour;
a hundredweight of sugar or potatoes is an every-day fact ; but a hundredweight of gold is a
phrase scarcely known in the English language. It is beyond the range of our ordinary ideas — a
sort of physioEd incomprehensibility ; but that it is a material existence our own eyes bore wit-
ness on Monday last
" Mr. Suttor, a few days previously threw out a few misty hints about the possibility
of a single individual digging four thousand pounds' worth of gold in one day, but no one
believed him serious. It was thought that he was doing a little harmless puffing for his own
district, and the Turon Diggings. On Sunday it began to be whispered about town that Dr. Kerr
(Mr. Suitor's brother-in-law), had found a hundredweight of gold. Some few believed it j but the
townspjBople generally, and amongst the rest the writer of this article, treated the story as a piece
of ri(&culous exaggeration and the bearer of it as a jester, who gave the Bathurstonians
unlimited credit for gullibility. The following day, however, set the matter at rest. About 2
o'clock in the afternoon, two greys, in tandem, driven by W. H. Suttor, Esq., M.C., made their
appearance at the bottom of William-street. In a few seconds they were pulled up opposite the
Free Press office, and the first indication of the astounding fact which met the view, was two
massive pieces of the precious metal, glittering in virgin purity as they leaped from the solid rock.
An intimation that the valuable prize was to reach the town on that day having been pretty
generally circulated in the early part of the morning, the townspeople were on the qui vive^ and
in almost as little time as it has taken to write it, 150 people had collected around the gig con-
veying the time's wonder, eager to catch a glimpse of the monster lump said to form a portion
of it. . The two pieces spoken of were freely handled about amongst the assembled throng for
some twenty minutes. Astonishment, wonder, incredulity, admiration, and the other kindred
sentiments of the human heart were depicted upon the features of all present in a most remark-
able maimer, and they were by no means diminished in intensity when a square tin box in the
body of the vehicle was pointed to, as the repository of the remainder of the hundredweight of
gold. Having, good-naturedly, gratified the curiosity of the people, Mr. Suttor invited us
to accompany his party to the Union Bank of Austi*alia to witness the interesting process
of weighing. We complied with alacrity, and the next moment the greys dashed off at a gallant
pace, followed by a hearty cheer from the multitude.
" In a few moments the tin box and its contents were placed on the table of the board-
room of the bank. In the presence of the manager, David Kennedy, W. H. Suttor, L J.
Hawkins, Esqs., and the fortunate proprietor (Dr. Kerr), the weighing commenced, Dr.
Machattie officiating, and Mr. Ferrand acting as clerk. The first two pieces already alluded to
weighed severally 6 fi>s. 4 oza 1 dwt. and 6 fi)s. 13 dwts., besides which were sixteen drafts of
5 lbs. 4 ozs. each, making in all 102 fi)s. 9 ozs. 5 dwts. From Dr. Kerr we learned that he had
retained upwards of 3 fi>& as specimens, so that the total weight found would be 106 lbs. (one
hundred and six pounds), all disembowelled from the earth at one time. And now for the particu-
lars of this extraordinary gathering, which has set the town and district in a whirl of excitement.
" A few days ago an educated aboriginal, formerly attached to the Wellington Missioni
and who had been in the service of W. J. Kerr, Esq., of Wallawa, about seven years, returned
home to his employer with the intelligence that he had discovered a large mass of gold amongst
a heap of quartz upon the run whilst tending his sheep. Gk>ld being the universal topic of
conversation, the curiosity of this sable son of the forest was excited, and, provided with a
tomahawk, he had amused himself by exploring the country adjacent to his employer's land, and
had thus made the discovery. His attention was first called to the lucky spot by observing a
speck of some glittering yellow substance upon the surface of a block of quartz, upon which he
applied his tomahawk and broke off a portion — at that moment the splendid prize stood revealed
to his sight His first care was to start off home and disclose his discovery to his master, to
whom he presented whatever gold might be procured from it As might be supposed, little
68
time was lost by the worthy doctor. Quick as horseflesh would carry himi he was on the
ground, and in a yery short period the three blocks of quartz, containing the hundredweight of
gold, were released &om the bed, where, charged with unknown wealth, they had rested perhaps
for thousands of years, awaiting the hand of civilised man to disturb them. The largest of the
blocks was about a foot in diameter, and weighed 75 fba, gross. Out of this piece 60 Jbs, of
pure gold was taken. Before separation it was beautifully encased in quartz. The other two
were something smaller. The auriferous mass weighed as nearly as could be guessed from 2 to
3i cwt. Not being able to move it conveniently. Dr. Kerr broke the pieces into small fragments,
and herein committed a very grand error — as specimens the glittering blocks would have been
invaluable. Nothing yet known of would have borne comparison, or, if any, the comparison
would have been in our favour. From the description given by him, as seen in their original
state, the world has seen nothing like them yet
« The heaviest of the two large pieces presented an appearance not unlike a honeycomb
or sponge, and consisted of particles of a crystalline form, as did nearly the whole of the gold.
The second larger piece was smoother, and the particles more condensed, and seemed as if it had
been acted upon by water. The remainder was broken into lumps of from 2 to 3 pounds
and downwards, and were remarkably free from quartz or earthy matter ; when heaped together
on the table they presented a splendid appearance, and shone with an effulgence oalcolated to
dazzle the brain of any man not armed with the coldness of stoicism.
'* The spot where this mass of treasure was found will be celebrated in the golden annab
of these districts, and we shall therefore describe it as minutely ad our means of information
will allow. In the first place, the quartz blocks formed an isolated heap, and were distant
about 100 yards from a quartz vein, which stretches up the ridge from the Murroo Greek. The
locality is the commencement of an undulating tableland, very fertile, and is contiguous to a
never-ftdling supply of water in the above-named creek. It is distant about 53 miles from
Bathurst, 18 from Mudgee, 30 from Wellington, and 18 from the nearest point of the Maoquarie
Biver, and is within about 8 miles of Dr. Kerr's head station. The neighbouring country has
been pretty well explored since the discovery, but, with the exception of dust^ no fiurther
indications have been found.
''These particulars were kindly furnished by Mr. Suttor and Dr. Kerr, and may therefore
be relied on as correct"
Na 2. A model of what ia said to be the frst large nugget found in New South Wales
is to be seen in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Found in Ophir Creek.
Several other large nuggets appear to have been found in this creek, but none of them
approaching to the above in size and valua
Na 3. A nugget weighing 26 ozs. was foimd at Bingera in 1852.
Na 4. Found by a party of four, on Ist November, 1858, at Burrandong, near Orange^
New South Wales, at a depth of 35 feet ; when poimded with a hammer it yielded 120 9m. of
rid, for which £5,000 were offered. Melted at the Sydney Mint, when it weighed 1,286 ossl
dwts. ; after melting, 1,182 ozs. 7 dwts. ; loss, 8 per cent. ; fineness, 87*4 per cent. ; the
standard weight of gold being 1,127 ozs. 6 dwts. Value, £4,389 8s. lOd. The gold was mixed
with quartz and sulphide of iron (mundic). Assay, 87*40 per cent gold = 20 car. 3| car. gra.
Gross weight (troy), 107 Jbs. 2 oza 8 dwts. ; or 1,286 ozs. 8 dwts.
Na 5. Found at Kiandra, Snowy River, New South Wales, October, 1860.
Gross weight (troy), 33 &>s. 4 ozs. ; or 400 ozs.
No. 6. " flie Brenan Nugget" Found in Meroo Creek, Turon River, New South Walea,
embedded in clay ; measures 21 inches in circumference. It was found 24 yards from Na 1.
Sold in Sydney, 1851, for £1,156.
Gross weight (troy), 30 Jbs. 6 ozs. ; or 364 ozs. 1 1 dwts.
No. 7. Found at New Chum Hill, Kiandra, Snowy River, New South Wales, July, 1861.
Gross weight (troy), 16 fbs. 8 oz& ; or 200 ozs.
Na 8. Found at Kiandra, Snowy River, New South Wales, March, 1860.
Gross weight (troy), 13 &>s. 4 ozs. ; or 160 oz&
No. 9. Found, in 1852, at Meroo Creek, Turon River, New South Wales, close to Na L
Xloa was called *^ The Eling of the Waterwom Nuggeta"
Gross weight (troy), 13 lbs. 1 oz. ; or 157 ozs.
69
No. 10. Found in 1860, at the Tooloom Diggings, New Sotttli Wales j nearly solid gold.
Gross weight (troy), 11 lb& 8 ozs. ; or 140 ozs.
No. 11. Found at Riandra, Snowy River, New South Wales, March, 1860.
Gross weight (troy), 7 fi)s. 9 ozs. 18 dwts. ; or 93 ozs. 18 dwts.
No, 12. Found in 1862, at Louisa Creek, New South Wales ; a solid lump of gold.
Gross weight (troy), 6 Jbs. 10 ozs. ; or 82 oza
Na 13. Found by two boys, in July, 1861, at Gundagai (new diggings), New South Wales.
Gross weight (troy), 5 fi)& 4 ozs. 7 dwts. ; or 64 ozs. 7 dwts.
No. 14. Found in 1857, at Louisa Creek, New South Wales ; gold and crystallized quarts.
Gross weight (troy), 4 n>s. 2 ozs. ; or 50 ozs.
Na 15. Found at New Chum Hill, Kiandra, New South Wales, in July, 1861.
Ghross weight (troy), 3 Ib& 6 ozs. ; or 42 ozs.
Na 16. Found at Summer Hill Creek, New South Wales. The earliest nugget found
in New South Wales after the gold discovery there by Hargraves. 13th May, 1861.
Gross weight (troy), 1 &>. 1 oz. ; or 13 ozs.
Na 17. A nugget weighing 22 ozs. 18 dwts. 12 gr& was found recently on '^ M'Guiggan's
Lead," about 9 miles from Farkes ; the metal was of dark colour and free from gangue.
Nos. 18 to 23. During the year 1874 << M<Guiggan's Lead," the Terrace, Lachlan
Division, is reported to have produced a nugget of 134 ozs., and other smaller ones of 7 ozs.,
25 ozs., 35 ozs., 37 ozs. ; and in 1876 one of 36 ozs.
No& 24 to 26. A nugget weighing 19 ozs. 12 dwts. was found early in 1876 at the
''Wapping Butcher Mine," the Terrace, near Parkes; also others of 16 ozs. 10 dwia and
18 0Z&, together with a large number of smaller nuggets.
No. 27 and 28. A nugget of 43 ozs., together with one of 23 ozs., was discovered on the
Nvndle Gold-field in 1879.
Na 29. One of 32 oz& 15 dwts. was found in October, 1879, in Broad GuUy, in the
Braidwood district, together with several smaller ones in the same year.
Na 30. One weighing 64 ozs. 3 dwts. was unearthed in the Canadian Lead, near
QulgODgy November, 1876, at a depth of 140 feet ; it was stated to have been so completely
umrested with a coating of iron oxide as to be superficially unrecognisable as gold.
Na 31. In 1874 a nugget of 65 ozs. was found on Woods' Flat, about 12 miles from Oowra.
Na 32. At the same place, and in the same year, another of 50 ozs. is reported.
No. 33. A nugget weighing 28 lbs. was found on the Whipstick Flat, Kiandra ; recorded
by Mr. Lament Young, F.G.S., in the Annual Report of ike Mines DepartTuevU for 1880, but no
date is given.
Nos. 34 to 45. At Temora the following were found during 1880 : — 99 ozs., 84 ora.,
76 ozs., 72 ozs., 68 ozs., 64 ozs., 63 ozs., and one of 59 ozs. 1 dwt — this measured 7 inches by
2\ inches wide, with thickness of about 1 inch, and described as not waterwom, but jagged,
and with a half turn or twist in it ; during the same year others of 46 ozs. 18 dwts. 20 grs.,
40 oz&, 28 oza, 24 ozs., 16 ozs., and 14 ozs. were met with.
No. 46. On March 16th, 1882, a nugget was found at Temora, weighing 153 ozs. 17
dwt&, at a depth of about 14 feet
Na 47. At Nerrigundah, at the foot of Mount Dromedary, a small one of 13 oza 15
dwts. was found in 1880.
For the accounts of No. 1 and Nos. 4 to 16 I am indebted to Mr. Brough Smyth's
CMdrfielda and Mineral Districts of Victoria.
In colour most of the New South Wales gold is usually of fairly deep yellow, being
rather lighter than Victorian and not so light as much of the Southern Queensland gold, but
ooeanonidly specxmens of very pale and of very dark gold are met with. The quantity of silver
present greatly affects the colour of the metal.
In specific gravity it varies considerably, the mean being about 17 '5.
A specimen of Braidwood gold had a specific gravity of 18*28.
Composition, — No specimens of actually pure gold have been met with. There is always
more or less silver present, and usually traces of copper, bismuth, iron, and other metals.
Gold from the Pilot Beef, New Meragle Credk, Tambemmbah, yielded 9689 fine gold.
70
AmJLYB, made at the Sydney Branoli of the Royal Mint, of 48 apecimena of New Sooth Walea Gold, from the GoUection exhibited in t
Aoatnlian Mnaenm prior to tranamiaaion to the Paria Exhibition . — December, 1864.
LocaUty.
Pore Gold In
1,000 parts.
BOver.
Copper and Iron.
External Charmtwr ct Bpftnimiam
WlRIBN DiflTRICT.
TAMBAaooaA.
ft
•f
M
t»
>»
>•
It
•>
It
»t
It
t9
tl
Dirt Hole Creek
Dirt Hole Road Creek
Have^ Flat .....
OoIdenOuUy ...
Bald HUl's Creek
Oaky Creek .....
Lower Turon ....
Maoqnarie River.
Upper Pyramul
Lower Pyramul
Junction ci Pyzamul and Ifacquarie
Tuaoa Rivaa CBopalaX
»
It
t»
f>
>•
If
It
ErekiueFlat
Qieen Wattle Flat
Little Oaky Creek
Big Oaky Crees . .
NtunetyOuUy
Ooiaen P '
Point
Paterww'a Point, E 1
E2
ft
Maaoo Biyaa (AYuioaDX
»f
f»
tt
ft
BoaaaarDOxo.
Derll'i Hole Creek
NuggetgrOully ....
Rl^uraeon'a Point
Offford'a Point ....
D(Mp Croaeing Place
t>
ft
OnnaCaaaa
Lonff Point (Haoquarie, bdow Junoti<m
oTOphir CreekX
Deril'a Hole Oieek. " Dry Digginga " .
Mo<^rawa Creek
BaowH*! Caaaa. SSmlleeaouthof Bathunt.
SoOTR-Wavnuuf DnraicT.
AsiLoxa Caaaa.
ft
ft
6 miles below source
8 miles below source
11 miles from source
26 miles from source
Aaiiiuaa.
tt
tt
SouTBaaa District.
Major's Creek. Southern Arm
Bell's Paddock
Major's Creek, Western Arm
In broken granite, 10 feet below surfaee
NoaTHaaa Disraicr.
HAaeiao Boca (Nuhdlb). Oakanville Creek
„ Same Creek, 8 miles farther
down
If
tk
Cordillera Gold Co.'s property
on the River Ped.
Oully leading to the Peel,north
of Oakanville Creek.
BiaoAaA. Nugget weighing 4 ox. 8 dwt.
It
Rocar Riraa
M6-00
962-46
9&010
942-06
947-00
940-00
944*66
940-10
947-80
922-86
948-76
946-10
944-66
940-46
928-80
918-06
92610
981-00
960-40
929-60
926-00
928-06
967-95
901-40
968-46
949-06
962*16
984-86
917-90
942-80
940-00
982-86
980-86
940-46
945-20
948-00
982-00
98510
896-90
949-20
916 j>6
930-80
987 «>
900 06
980-16
874-26
894-46
948-70
/
47-85 ^
to [
70-4 )
12-9 )
to }
J8-7 j
42-9
U
88
I 60-06 )
)
60*9
69-8
TnMio 126 *
It
1-8.
r
tt
1-06.
0-8...
Other melals 0*1
61-16
> to
00-06
)
i 108-46)
1
If
0-16 to 1-8
Dull goki. in rounded grains like ^v.^ ..»».
Light aad brilliant, ssuil grain gold, with ■naU w
\
Bright nuggety Kold, pi e ssiiUn g rery ifrcgukr A^m
little waterwom.
Larger waterwom nuggets, dull in cdoiir.
Bright scaly gold, of uniform character.
Bright gold, consisting of small elongated and flattia
pieces, with irregular nuggeti.
Small nuggets or grains, uaodeiately waterwom and da
ccdoured.
^Brilliant, light, scaly gokL
Dull scaly gold, with smaU rounded nuggeta.
Rough-gruned gold.
Dull scaly gold, of uniform diancter.
Kuggetv gold, showing marks of cqrilalUaatlon ; mod
rately waterwom.
Rough-grained gold.
Small rouuded nugsets of dull coiour.
Small nitffgets, moderately waterwom.
Scaly duu-c(doured gold.
Fhie scaly gold, of uniform chaiaeCer, not bright.
Scales and rounded nuggets.
Bright scaly gold, with waterwom nuggets.
SmaU waterwom nuggets, light and mnlght.
j- Light and brilliant small scales.
Ditto with large scales.
Dark-coloured scaly gold.
Nuffgetv gold, with marlcs of crystalUaalioa*
Dull, dirty scales, and waterwom nuggets.
Nuggety gold, much waterwom.
Dark, rough grains, mixed with blackish hnpoiltiM-
Rough nuggety gold.
j- Nuggety ; smaller, and more waterwom than
Fine granular gold, liflfht in colour.
Fine, oright, scaly gold.
Briffht granular gold.
DuU granular, with rough nuggeta
Dark-colourea, rounded grains, laigor than last.
Bright granular gold.
I 98-26 j
J
V 125-26
608
Rough nuggety gold.
Rough scuy gold.
}
Small dark-coloured niiggets, modemtely walei wutu.
A porous, spongy kind of nugget, containinir dmly
purities in the pores.
Small rounded grains and nuggets of brigfatish oolooBi
y^ry small granular gold, light and briUiaat.
The average value of the above was found to be 80a Od. per oa., the value of ftandaid goki being 77a 10|d. peroi;
n
Tablb diowing the proportion of gold and silTer in oharacteriitic samples of gold dust from
various localities in New South Wales, after melting. By F. B, Miller, F.G.S., late
Assayer in the Sydney Branch of the Royal Mint.
Locality.
Gold in 1,000 partt.
Silver in 1,000 partt.
Boonoo BooQOO
Fairfield
TimbazTa
Peel Baver .
Boeky River
Nandle
Bathont ...
Sofala
Tnena
Ophir
Tambaroora
Tnron
Hargraves...
Windeyer...
Borrangong .
Adeloog ....
Braidwood .
Ema Creek .
Delegate ....
Nerrigondah
NOBTHXRN.
WEflTSRN.
SoUTHBRIf.
854 to 669
337 to 298
872
121
708 to 898
280 to 97
929
67
934 to 962
61 to 33
923 to 937
66 to 63
827 to 903
164 to 92
929 to 933
66 to 63
943
54
916
82
943 to 964
54 to 42
918 to 928
78 to 68
915
83
946 to Ood
63 to 37
948
48
946 to 961
52 to 45
928 to 934
67 to 62
971
27
971
27
983
16
72
Samples of €kUiD oharacteristio of the Gtold-fields of New South Wales exhibited by the Mining Depaxtmenti aac
assayed at the Boyal Mint, Sydney. From the New South Wales Official Catalogue, Philadelphia Exhibitioo
1876.
LooaUty.
Description of Gold.
Weight of
Sample.
IlOM
in melting
percent.
Gold and Sflver in
1.000 parti after OMtttof.
ValnaiMrei,
iftormdtlBb'
WaSTEBN DiSTBICr.
Solala
Bathnnt
If
Hargraves
»» •
Tambaroora
»t
»t
Hiii'Bnd !!!!!!!"!!!!!
>»
M
»»
Madgee
i»
If
Gnlgong
It
II
II
Carooar-
II
Orange
Stony Creek
SOUTEDEBN DiSTBIOT.
Braidwood
Araluen
Adelong
II
Tomnt ,
Young
II
Nerriffondah
Kian£ra
Qoalbnm
Bombala
Cooma
II •
NOBTHKBN DiSTBICr.
Nnndle
t»
Tamworth
II •
If
Armidale
II
In fine scales, and coarse i>latefl and grains ....
Fine scales and coarse grains, with some spongy
and stringy.
Fine scales, plates, and coarse grains
Fine dust and coarse grains
Scaly, with some grains
Fine and coarse s^y and grains
Fine scales and grains ,
Reef gold — reticulated ,
Coarse waterwom grains or nuggets
Fine dust and coarse grains
Scaly, with coarse spongy grains
Fine scales and coarse crystalline gold
Scaly and coarib filiform ^Id
Fine scales and coarse grains
Coarse trains with some scales
Fine and coarse scales
Coarse spongy grains and some scales
Dust ana coarse scales
Coarse pieces — ^filiform and spongy
Scaly, with some grains
Fine scales, very porous, with some magnetic
iron.
Fine and coarse filiform gold of a dark colour . . .
Scaly
Finedust— "gunpowder gold'*
Scaly
Plates and fine scaly
Fine dust — ** pinpowder gold"
Fine scaly and coarse filiform
Scaly
Coarse filiform, with some scaly
Fine and coarse, with some very spongy
Scaly dust gold
Fine dust — "gunpowder gold"
Strings, scales, and plates
Scales and plates, with some grains and threads. . .
Coarse grams and reticulated
Very fine scaly dust — ** gunpowder gold "
Filiform crystalline and some scaly
II »»
Fine scalv and coarse filiform
Scales, plates, and coarse filiform ; of a brownish
colour.
Spongy, filiform, and crystalline, some with a
little quartz attached.
II II II II
Fine dust and shotty grains
Scales, with some thrrads
Fine scales
Ozs.
2-60
2-00
200
2-00
200
2-00
2-00
200
2-00
200
2-63
2 00
200
2-50
200
200
2-00
2-00
200
2 00
200
200
2-00
200
2-00
2-00
2-00
2-00
2-00
2-50
2-00
200
2-00
2-50
2-00
200
2-00
200
200
2-00
200
2-00
2-00
2-00
200
2-00
1*54
2-00
1-47
1-23
116
1-31
1-66
2-77
200
2-47
1-41
2-18
1-97
1-93
2-04
1-77
1-78
1-78
1-78
1-69
10-92
2-94
2-67
2-63
1*56
1-79
219
2-63
1-27
1-69
6-28
2-39
1-62
1-64
315
6-87
2-63
8-17
4-22
8-33
3-28
3-28
8-31
3-31
3-30
1-91
Gold.
923-0
923-5
918-0
920-5
961-0
940O
943-5
944-5
935-5
945-5
945-5
947-0
942-5
941-0
926-0
937-0
938-0
916-5
9250
946-0
878-0
960-0
94S-0
930-5
9420
959-0
961-6
944-0
9410
946-0
927-6
957-0
9430
980-5
927-0
975-0
963-0
938
924-0
919-5
902-5
912-0
9140
899-5
948-0
888-5
Silver.
72
71
76
70
33
54
50
51
54
47
60
47
49
56
68
58
58
79
70
48
119
36
51
62
54
34
42
52
58
50
70
36
49
15
63
22
34
56
70
73
90
83
80
93
44
106
£ s. d.
3 18 91
8 18 10
3 18
8 18
4 1 8|
4 4i
8 10 4
4 11
3 19 m
8 18 10
8 18 6
8 17 1)
3 17 10|
3 18 0|
3 18 10|
4 9
8 16
78
I
I
I
-3
^
.s.g
_2
•S
-s
I
I
I
I
"8
I
II
i
i
I
li
>i
S
^
d
f
!
I
* p^ pH F^ fH »-4 F^ »-4 F^ iiH F^ F^ F^ »-4 fH i-H f^ f^ p^ p-*
^ cococQco^coeocQ^cQco^^^'^^^cQeoeid'^^cQ^cQCQ'^^cQ'^^coeO'^^coeo
aS?iJ^$2a^2S2f?2p2822S2^222fS?2|5222
^ F^ ,H ^H F^
^^ ^^ ^v '
'SSod
as
SSoo
i
oo
Oft9>^9dOS9'^T^^T^^T^?'.7^^9^*^^^T'y'^P^^T^T
«s
a|l25J5??8??;g8&9§SSS9?$8?5?!?}2S§2?29?
-3
I
t
J
i'lrl^l
5S 3 5
?5 o><
HI
qqA4
'^<^«^««»-«»SS£52S2S£:2SSSaasaSRSa8S?§8
2
9
s
9
K
74
Alluvial €k>LD.
Specimbns (2 oz.) exhibited by the Miniag Department at the Sydney International Ezhibitioni
1879, assayed at the Sydney Branch, Royal Mint.
Na
Locality.
In 10,000 pMta.
Gold.
■ I I ■ t m
Westsbn Distbict.
Bathnrst
Carcoar
Orange
>t 4.... • »•
»»
Hiu End'!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
»» •
Sofaia ...!!!!!!!!!! !!
»» •• •
Stony Creek
Mudgee
Gnlgong
»»
Hargraves
»» •
Wellington
»»
Parkes
>» •••
»i •
Tambaroora
»» •
Pyramul
Sofaia
Hargraves
Southern District.
Braidwood
»» •••
»» •
Aralnen
»» "
»»
»i • •
Adelong
»» •
i»
>»
Nerrignndah
TumMmmbah
Monaro
Tuena
Urana
Cooma
Northern District.
Grafton
Richmond River
»»
Ntindle
Bingera
UnSu
Snrer.
Value par o&
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
49
50
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
47
48
41
42
43
44
45
46
9285
9285
9280
9400
9415
9006
9440
9416
9415
9255
9200
9390
8870
9490
9255
9195
9460
8550
9465
9260
9255
9210
9485
9475
9470
9205
9510
9585
9380
9390
9296
9190
9585
9290
9345
9540
9405
9410
9725
9455
9720
9373
9745
9345
9185
9525
9470
8985
9085
9450
£ 8. d.
•065
3 17 1
•060
3 16 11
•010
3 18 5
•050
3 17 5
•050
3 17 6
•090
3 16
•050
3 19
•050
3 18 5
•050
3 18 10
•065
3 17 5
•070
3 17 2
•050
3 18
•105
3 13 5
•045
3 19 1
•065
3 17 6
•070
3 15 11
•045
3 19 6
•135
3 11 5
•045
3 18 6
•065
3 16 7
•070
3 16 11
•070
3 16
•045
3 19 S
•045
3 19 3
•045
3 19 6
•070
3 16 2
•040
3 19 6
•035
3 19 11
•065
3 18 7
055
3 18 9
•065
3 18
•075
3 17
•035
4
•065
3 18
•055
3 18
•040
3 18 il
•065
3 18 10
•050
3 18 11
•015
4 1 5
•055
3 18 3
•020
4 7
•056
3 18 2
•020
4
•055
3 17 3
•075
3 16 4
•040
3 19 1
•045
3 19 4
•076
3 16 1
•080
3 15 3
•050
3 19
•76
The following three tablee are extracted from the report on the Southern Gold-fields by
the late Key. W. B. Clarke, M.A.
AflSATS 01
• Gold made at Sydney Mint, 1856.
T m. %iA^
In 1,000 pwtfl.
Copper
(withUftce
of Iron).
Renurks.
Looalitj.
Gold.
SUver.
Southern District.
AnlQflfi
934-90
895-50
915-20
93510
949*20
895*90
915*05
936*70
946*40
931*70
936-85
946-45
945*20
948-60
932*00
94100
895*70
852*25
651
104*3
84*8
0*0
0*2
0*0
ft ...»•......••.«••.•.«•••..•• ••••
ff •«•••••..•••••.•. •
Bright granular gold.
DaML c^oured grains.
Dull granular, and rough nuggets.
Bright granular gold.
(f ••••.••.••■.....
50*80
105*10
$f ••>.....••»•..•...... •
In broken granite 10 ft. below surface...
Adelooff
62-3
531
65-6
1*0
0*5
2*7
ff ...•...*.....•..... •............•.••
If .................. .......a.
Rouffh, nuggety.
SmaUer, more waterwom.
»>
ff •■•..•«..•>......•....
'
nuggety.
Light coloured, fine, mnular.
Fine, bricht. scaly flold.
ty ••.•..••»«•.••••.....•....
yy .................... ...........a.........
yy .....*....•••...................•••
5818
104-30
147-75
MittaMitU
Omeo
Assays of Gold made at Sydney Mint, 9 August, 1860.
KiAKDRA — New South Wales.
No.
Wdgfat
oCGoldDofl
in OS.
LoHper
cent.
in melting.
Gold
in
10,000 parts.
Silver.
Copper.
Net value per OS.
1
200*00
215*08
63-94
92*48
67*59
4217
31*88
5*345
5*375
11*307
4*520
4.348
5*620
4*925
9277
9258
9335
9264
9247
9377
9262
723
734
656
717
731
623
727
£ s. d.
3 11 5-465
3 11 3-347
3 7 4-647
3 11 11-367
3 11 11-692
3 12 a-192
3 11 8-320
Rough, nuggety.
)> i>
ft >«
ly ly
Coarse, dull, granular.
Mixed, granular.
2
8
4
5
6
8
9
19
22
7
11
Mean.
101-877
5*920
9288
701-5
9*85
3 11 1-290
Tasmania.
Loc^hlity.
Gold
in
100 parts.
•
Silver.
Iron.
Copper.
Tin,
Lead. Cobalt,
Nickel
Renuurks.
Black Boy Flat
94*76
5*04
Trace
Trace
Trace
Bright, granular.
1 Granular.
Rough and fine.
Waterwom nuggets.
»f »»
Nook, Fingal
94*95
92*55
90*89
4*66
7 10
8*02
008
017
\ Traces
■(_T.L.N.
Trace T.
1*000
rinffal ...x.....
O • .••.«*t«ii.i
w
Queenaland —
Gilbert River
Paddy's County ...
Cornwall, Ladock
Asbantee
Scotland, Wanlockhead
SntherlandBhire
Aufltralia
Bathorst, N.S.W. ...
Spedflc
Gold.
BUver.
Iron.
Copper.
Bis-
math.
IiMWl.
SlUea.
TbtaL
89-920
9*688
0-070
0-128
0-026
99-832
92-800
6-774
0-114
0*048
trace.
0-048
99-684
92-34
6-06
trace.
1*60
100*000
17-66
90-066
9-940
trace.
trace.
99*996
16-60
86-60
12*39
0-36
99*340
16-62
79-22
20*78
...*••
100*000
99-28
0-44
0-20
0-07
0-01
100 ooe
96-68
3-92
0-16
99*760
AmijtL
R. Smith.
R. Baintree.
A. Chuioh.
t>
»ff
tf
Nortliooilta
Henry.
Danas* Descrip^ve Mineralogy, p. 6.
Wales—
Clogau, qnartsvein, Na 2.
»» >>
Mawddach River, Gwyn Fynydd
wash gold.
Cornwall, St. Austell Moor
Ireland, Wicklow, wash gold
Sutherlandshire —
Kildonan Valley
>>
Venezuela
>»
West Africa, gold grains
gold dust ..
gold dust washed from
clay.
Spedflo
GniTi^.
Gold.
ftilrw.
Iron.
Copper.
17*26
90*16
9*26
trace.
1
trace.
16-62
89*93
9-24
trace.
16*79
84-89
13*99
0-34
16-62
90-12
9 06
1607 (
14-34$
9101
8*86
16-799
81*11
18*46
16*799
81-27
18-47
93-68
3-69
1-60
0-66
14-63
89-40
10-07
0*63
16-20
87*91
97*23
96-40
11-40
277
3-60
0-69
92*03
6-82
2-16
97-81
2-19
Sffloa.
0-32
0-74
0*43
0*83
0*14
0-44
0-36
TbteL
AnajBt.
99*74
99*81
99*66
100-00
100-00
100*00
100*00
99-63
100-00
100-00
100-00
100^
100*00
100*00
D. Forbes.
99
ft
»f
Williams.
K. WibeL
>»
>»
»>
»9
Watts' DietUmary qf Chemistry, voL 7, p. 672.
Trttngylvania —
Vdrospatak
South America —
Antioquia
Marmato
British Coktmhia —
Stephen's Creek
Wates—
Welsh Gold MiningCa 76*40
Scotland —
Sutherland
WanlockHead
CcUffomia —
Mariposa
Russia —
Borushkoi
Australia
Africa —
Ashantee
Gold.
BOrer.
60*49
38-74
64*93
73-45
36*07
26-48
79-60
19-70
76*40
2278
79*22
86*60
20-78
19-30
81*00
18*70
83*86
87*78
16*15
6*07
90*065
Dr. Ure*s Dictionary qf Arts, Ac, voL 2, p. 686-7.
The average fineness of Califomian gold is stated at -880. Canadian gold
contains from 100 to 150 parts of silver to the 1,000 ; but the Nova Scotian gold much
9-940
usualljT
less.
11
The arerage fineness of Yiotorian gold is about 23 carats, that is to say, it eontains abcmt
96 per cent, gold and 3^ per cent of silver, with about ^ per cent, of other metals. Further
north, in New South Wales, the average fineness is 22 carats If grains, or 93| per cent gold
and 6 per cent, silver. Still further north, iu Queensland, the average fineness is but little
more tian 21 carats, or 87*25 per cent gold, 12 per cent, silver. Maryborough gold only con-
tains 86 per cent gold and as much as 14 per cent silver (F. R Miller, F.C.S., Trans. Boy.
Soc.y N.S.W.y 1870.) But beyond this the northern gold again becomes richer ; the gold from
the Palmer Elver alluvial workings has a greater fineness of gold, with only small quantities of
silver and other metala '
Vein gold. — The greater portion of the gold found in eitu in New South Wales occurs in
quartz veins running through the older and metamorphic rocks. Calcite is occasionally the
Tein-stuff. Gold is said to have been found in crystallized felspars, a most unusual matrix.
The rocks In which auriferous veins are most commonly met with are the various argil-
laceous slates, and chloritic and talcose schists ; also in granite, as at Braidwood and Bowenfels,
porphyries, and other similar metamorphic rocks ; in eisenkiesel, at Carcoar. The most pxt>-
ductiye auriferous quartz veins have been found in connection with diorites, homblendic granites,
•Unrian slates, schists, and with serpentine. The walls and " country'' of such veins are also
usually auriferous to greater or less distances.
As examples of the richness of portions of gold veins, the f oUowing may be cited :— A
telegram from Hill End, on February 1st, 1873, stated that at Beyers k Holtermann's mine 102
cwt of gold had been raised in 10 tons of stuff. From the same mine a slab of vein-stuff and
gold weighing 630 fi)s. was exhibited which was estimated to contain about £2,000 worth of gold.
Many other similarly rich blocks were also shown.
The Mint returns for the gold from 415 tons of vein-stuff from this mine were 16,279*63
ozs., value X63,234 12s. in 1873.
Krohmann's Company, also at Hill End, raised in 1873 436 tons 9 cwt of stuf^ for
which the mine returns were 24,079 ozs. 8 dwts. of gold, value £93,616 lis. 9d.
€k>ld reefs in New South Wales have not yet been worked to any great depth. At
Adelong they are getting good stone from a depth of 874 feet The Consols Mine, Grenfelly has
a depth of 716 feet ; and Krohmann's Mine, Hill End, is 830 feet deep.
AsBodatiions. — The most common minerals which are found with vein gold are iron
pyrites, which is never quite free from, and is sometimes exceedingly rich in gold ; iron oxide,
which is for the most part denved from the decomposition of various pyrites ; mispickel, in
calcite, as at Lucknow, where the mispickel contains in parts over 2,000 ozs. of gold per ton ;
also in calcite at the Crow Mountains, Barraba ; at Lake Cowal ; at Humbug Creek ; at Gren-
fell ; at Solferino, in the Garibaldi Reef ; at Merimbula ; and also, it is stated, near Gunnedah.
With mispickel at Carcoar, and at Moruya with silver sulphides also ; with pyrrhotine and
calcite, as at Hawkin's Hill ; with galena and zinc blende at Grenf ell ; with galena, zinc blende,
magnetite, molybdenite, chlorite, and scheelite at the Williams Mine, Adelong ; talc, asbestos,
and serpentine near Gundagai ; steatite, cuprite, malachite, tenorite, and other copper ores,
notably in the Canobolas and in the Winterton Mine, Mitchell's Creek, near Bathurst, where it
ii also associated with barytes in well-developed, although small, crystals, and with mimetite, a
diloro-arseniate of lead ; it is also found with mimetite in the Adelong district ; it is reported
with tinstone in the cliffs at Eden, and with native arsenic at Solferino. Beautiful specimens
of native gold, in malachite and red oxide of copper, have been yielded by the Kaiser Mine,
Mitchell's Creek, near Bathurst.
Gold and native copper have been found together in quartz veins, and in the rocks through
which the veins pass.
In alluvial deposits gold is associated in New South Wales with a very large number of
minerals ; and it is remarkable that certain of them, such as platinum, osroo-iridium, sapphire,
faby, oriental emerald, and diamond, have not yet been found in situ. Amongst other minerals
we have tinstone, titaniferous iron, magnetic iron, chrome iron, brookite, rutile, anatase, emerald,
beryl, topaz, zircon, hyacinth, spinelle, garnet, red and brown haematite, pyrites, binoxide of
manganeze, galena, blende, tourmaline, magnesite, and many more of less value. Quite recently
allu^al gold and metallic copper have been discovered together in some new ground opened at
78
tiie head of Whet Greek, near Mount Misery, Nundle, a specimen of which was forwarded to me
by Mr. D. A. Porter, of Tam worth, on April 13, 1882. The particles of metallic copper are
much smaller than those of the gold ; the latter, however, do not exceed a square millimetre in
area. The gold is not much water-worn, and imder the microscope is seen to be distinotly
crystallized in parts.
The grains of copper, although of more or less spherical form with mammillated surfaces,
are in some instances distinctly crystallized.
Mr. Porter's assay of the sample gave him the following results : —
Gold 23-0
Copper 61*0
Iron oxide 10*0
Lobs 6*0
100*0
The iron oxide in the above is in the form of titaniferous iron and magnetite, smaller
quantities of other minerals, usually found with alluvial gold, are also present.
The alluvial deposits are of various ages, but none of them probably are older than late
tertiary age, and are often deeply buried by overflows of igneous rocks. Some are being worked
to a depth of 200 feet.
Gk)ld is found in small quantities in the tin-drifts of New England, especially in the older
drifts— <x>nglomerates or ^^ cements," as they are termed by the minora
Gk>LD IN THE Coal Measures.
With reference to this, the Bev. W. B. Clarke made the following remarks in the 4th
edition of his SedimerUary FormoHana of Nev) South Wales, p. 9 : —
" This (i.e., the occurrence of gold in the Carboniferous rocks) is thus referred to in a
oommimication to me from Mr. Daintree, F.G.S., in a letter dated Maryvale, North Kennedy,
22 January, 1870 :—
*''I believe if the Peak Downs district were carefully mapped, it would be incontestably
proved that payable drift gold is there found in the Carboniferous conglomerates.'
' He then gives a section of the shaft and drive then being worked at the Springs,
about 12 miles from Clermont, and adds : — ' The miners use the Carboniferous sandstone, &e
Glossopteris bed at bottom, and take the cement several inches from its junction with the
Glossopteris bed for their wash-dirt The surface of the Glossopteris bed is unbroken, dips
southerly at an angle of about 5^, and the cement lies conformably on it, and little patches of
mud deposit in the cement, similar in appearance to the Glossopteris sediment lie in the same
plane as that bed, and I have no doubt the cement is conformable to the Glossopteris bed of the
same period of deposit. Small fragments of coal were taken from the adjoining shall, and, I
have no doubt, with the necessary time given to the work, Carbonif eroiis fossils may ultimately
be found in the conglomerates themselves — so putting the matter beyond reach of dLspute.'
" A similar instance of such an occurrence was examined by myself in the Coal Measare
drift of Tallawang, in the county of Phillip, in the year 1875, and recognized as payable by
C. S. Wilkinson, Esq., F.G.S., the present Geological Surveyor, in his report to the Minister of
Mines, December, 1876, in which place there is mention of other notices by myself of like association.
The localities are similar in geological structure ; for almost in the words of Mr. Daintree, which
Mr. Wilkinson never read, the latter says, ' These conglomerates are associated with beds of
sandstone and shale, containing Glossopteris, the fossil plant characteristic of our Coal Measures.'
AnntuU Report of the Department of Mines for Year 1876, p. 173."
''I made a section of the deposits which I found resting on hard shales (probably
Devonian) in which numerous shallow shafts have produced alluvial gold. The bottom of the
beds above the base exhibited a brecciated fragmentary deposit, well seen a mile or two away,
on the road to Cobbora — above which sandstones, flinty shale, coarse grits, the red shales of
Mount Victoria and Blackheath occur ; and, nearer the top, Yertebraria and Glossopteris and
charcoal are met with One of the beds was of quartz-pebbles, cemented by ferruginous matter,
precisely like many detrital fragments in other gold-fields, and specially resembling that above
Govett's Leap, in which I obtained gold in 1863."
79
Mr. Clarke liad previoiuly ascertained that the Hawkesbury sandstone on the north
shore of Sydney Harbour, and at Qovett's Leap, contained traces of gold ; and had also detected
gold in the Goal Measures of the southern part of the Colony, near Shelley's Flat, Shoalhaven ;*
and the late Sir Thomas Mitchell also found gold in a quartz-pebble from the Carboniferous
conglomerates in the year 1855, at Wingello, on the road from Braidwood.
Gold is also found in the Goal Measures near Hobart, Tasmania, and in New Zealand.
In connection with the above it is interesting to note that the Carboniferous limestone
near Bristol, England, contains gold and silver. Messrs. W. W. Stoddart and Pass found
appreciable quantities of both metals in the limestone at Walton, near Clevedon.
The analysis of the dried limestone gave : —
Alumina '8777
Oxide of iron 4-8000
Carbonate of lime 94*3000
Silica -0200
SUver -0023
Gold a trace
100-000
An assay was made by Mr. J. P. Merry, of Swansea ; he found in one sample 94 grains
of silver to the ton, and another sample contained veiy nearly an ounce. The quantity of gold
varied from 3 to 5 grains per ton. — See Dr. lire's Dictionary of Arts, &c, voL 4, p. 419.
The Itev. W. B. Clarke mentions that gold is found at the mouth of the Richmond River
distributed in the sand and covering pebbles on the sea beach ; a similar distribution is found
in the sand of Shell Harbour. The black sand found in places along the coast between the
Richmond and Tweed Rh^ers is all more or less auriferous, and after it has been concentrated
by the action of storms it is sufficiently rich to pay to work. The gold is in exceedingly fine
particles. Other spots give similar indications, and some specimens of gold, were brought up
from the sea-bottom by the sounding apparatus of H.MS. *^ Herald'' off Port Macquarie.
DisiribiUioTu — From the fact that gold is so widely scattered over nearly the whole of
New South Walei^ it would be almost an endless task to attempt to enumerate the names of all
the localities at which it has been found ; it must therefore suffice to refer to the names of
the principal gold-fields already cited in the tables which show the proportion of silver contained
by gold from, various parts of the Colony, and to the mineral map published by the Government,
which roughly shows the approximate area of the various gold-fields. The proclaimed gold-fields
oover an area of 35,500 square miles ; the workable area is probably far greater.
AmourU, — ^The total value of gold as recorded in the Government returns from 1851 to
1881 is £34,343,857 4s. 2d.
The JDiacovery of Gold. — It is not my present intention to express any opinion upon the
long disputed question as to who was the original discoverer of gold in Australia ; but it may
not be out of place to- quote certain statements which have been made from time to time, so that
each may judge for himself
The fiiBt mention of the occurrence of gold in New South Wales was made as early as
the month of August, 1788 — the alleged discovery by a convict of the name of Dailey, how-
ever, proved to be without foundation, as he afterwards confessed that he had filed down a
yellow metal buckle, and had mixed with it some gold filed from a guinea, and some earth to
rive it a natural appearance — Vide Captain Hunter's Journal, p. 84, published 1793. Mr. John
White, Surgeon-general to the settlement also gives a similar account of the matter in his
Journal published in 1790.
« Some convicts who were employed cutting a road to Bathurst are said to have found
gold in a considerable quantity, and were only compelled to keep silence on the point by menaces
and floggings, 1814." — Heaton's Australian Dictioiuiry of Daies, p. 109. [These statements
were probably true, since the last portions of the road pass through what has since proved to be
gold-bearing country.]
** A convict flogged in Sydney on suspicion of having stolen gold, which he stated he had
found in the buiOi, 1825."— /&id
* "Southern Gold-fields," W. B. Clarke, pp. 43, 44, and 246. Sydney, 186a
80
the Evening News of Sydney for 7th Augost, 1875, eontainB the f blowing statement
with respect to the original discovery of gold : — ^* We are in a position to show that gold was
discovered, and we believe officially reported to the Government, upwards of fifty-two years ago^
viz., on the 16th February, 1823. On that date Mr. Assistant-Surveyor James M^Briaa
discovered the precious metal at a spot on the Fish Kiver, about midway between O'Connell
Plains and Diamond Swamp, a little to the north of the old Bathurst Road, and about 15 miles
east of Bathurst. We have now before us an extract from Mr. M 'Brian's field book, which
book is preserved in the Surveyor General's Office. It reads as follows : — "February 15, 1838*
At 8 chains 50 links to river, and marked gum-tree. At this place I found numerous paitLdies
of gold in the sand and in the hills convenient to the river."
It is stated in a Sydney paper that Mr. Cohen, a silversmith of Sydney, purchased a
piece of auriferous quartz from a labouring man in December, 1829.
Mr. Davison mentions in his book on Ths Discovery and Geognosy of Gold Deposits in
Atu^alia, London, 1860, that a servant of Mr. Low's had, in 1830, found a specimen of
gold several ounces in weight on the Fish River ; nearly in the same locality as Mr. Assistant-
surveyor M 'Brian.
In reference to the early discovery of reef gold, Mr. Wilkinson makes the following
remarks (ArmucU Report of the Mining Department, 1877, p. 202) : —
" In one of the reefs in diorite, near the summit of Diamond Hill, it is said that gold in
quartz was discovered in 1823. Mr. J. Willard Low, of Sidmouth Yalley, informed me that
in that year, in his presence, his father (Mr. Robert Low) and Lieutenant W. Lawson, while
collecting some specimens of quartz crystals from the reef, found one specimen of quarts
containing a piece of gold of the size of a pea ; to make sure that it was gold, these gentlemen
are said to have had the specimen tested. It is also interesting to observe that on the Fish
River, about 2^ miles north from this spot^ Mr. Assistant-surveyor M'Brian, when engaged on
the survey of the river, on the 15th Februaiy, 1823, stated that he discovered gold."
Count Strzelecki found gold, associate with pyrites, in 1839, in the Vale of Clwydd.
The two following letters were published in the Sydney Morning Herald oi 17 May.
1851, and are of very great interest in connection with this question as to the first disoovezy of
gold: —
''To the Editors Sydney Morning ffercUd — Gentlemen, — ^Whilst reading this afternoon
the leading article headed ' Gold,' in your number of to-day, I felt convinced that Count Strzelecki
must be entitled to more credit as a discoverer of gold ore in this Colony than had therein been
accorded to him ; for the belief was strong in my mind that previously to 1840 he had himw^lf
informed me of its existence in the country west of the Blue Mountains.
'' Searching this evening amongst my old letters, I have luckily met with one addressed
to me by the Count in 1839, which I think proves, at all events, that its existence was then
fully believed in by him, and had been at least scientifically discovered by and known to kin^
and this, as far as his fame as a geologist is concerned, is, I conceive, the gist of the matter, and
of more consideration than if by accident or otherwise he had actually pi^ed up a specimen of
the precious metal
*' In justice to a highly accomplished and much esteemed gentleman and man of science,
to whom the Colonists are much indebted for his arduous and gratuitous researches and labours
in the field of Australian geology, I shall be glad if you will publish the extract from his letter
to me. I am, gentlemen, your obedient servant. — ^Thomas Walker.
" Fort^5treet, May 15, 1851."
"Wellington, 16th October, 1839.
" My dear sir, — I write you this from Wellington and on my knee, as it happens that
in the place the epistolary fit has taken hold of me there is no table, but in compensation'
plenty of petrified bones, which I excavate here with my hands — bones, may be, of hippopotamus,
or some other species which once was in this part of the world and is no more. I find the
Wellington Caves fax superior to the Boree ones, and most interesting, but frightfully absorbing
my time. I say frightfully, because, thinking of what little I have seen of the Colony, and
what still remains to be eixplored, I shudder.
81
** The distances, too, extend themselves most provokingly under my pursuits — for instance,
the distance between Wellington and Sydney, 180 miles, but it was in 420 miles I accomplished
it) in true zig-zag rambling, scrambling, and occasionally • starving. But seeing much, and
mirveying barometrically a great track, and securing for mineralogy and geognosy a pretty
oonsidenible number of notes ; this I accomplished every inch on foot, carrying a weight of 40 fi>s.
" You may take it for granted that between Sydney and the * Dividing Ei^ge,' in the
direction of Bathurst, and in the width of 60 miles, there are no metals except iron ; no minerals
of any consequence but alum in its native state ; carburet of iron (black lead), and plenty of
coaL Not fAT from Mount Hay there is a thermal spring of chalbeate water, strongly impr^-
nated with carbonic add — ^most beneficial to health impaired by dyspepsia or nervous affection,
but as fate would have it, threatening to kill by the exhausting fatigue of the journey whomso-
ever should attempt to get at it
*< On this side the Dividing Bange the variety of rocks and imbedded minerals augment —
indications most positive of the existing silver and gold veins are met with. The want of
means, however — that is, time and men--did not allow me to trace them to their proper sources.
Why has the Government not sent heretofore a man of science, and mineralogical and mining
aofjuirements, to lay open these sources of health still hidden beneath, and whidi may prove as
beneficial to the State and individuals as the rest of the branches of Colonial industry 1 Believe
me yours most truly. — P. E. De Strzelecki.
« Thomas Walker, Esq. "
The following extract from a letter written by Count Strzelecki to Captain P. King, RN.,
also dated from Wellington, but ten days later, viz., 26 October, 1839, and quoted by Judge
Therry in his book entitled Thirty Tears' Residence in New South Wales, is another account in
Count Strielecki's own words of his share in the discovery of gold : —
" I have specimens of excellent coal, some of fine serpentine with asbestos, curious native
alum, and brown haematite, fossil bones, and plants, which I digged out from Boree and
Wellington caves, but particularly a specimen of native silver in hornblende rock, and gold in
specks in siliccUe, both serving as strong indications of the existence of these precious metals in
New South Wales. It was beyond my power to trace these veins or positively ascertain their
gauge. I would have done so with pleasure, pro bono publico, but my time was short, and so
were the hands. I regret that the Government, having reserved all the mines for Its benefit,
did not send here a scientific man truly miner and mineralogist, to lay open these hidden
resonroes, which may prove as beneficial to the State and individuals as the rest of the branches
of the colomal industry."
The reasons why Count Strzelecki did not follow up his discovery are also given by
himself as follows : —
"I was warned of the responsibility I should incur if I gave publicity to the discovery,
since, as the Governor argued, by proclaiming the Colonies to be gold regions the maintenance
of discipline would be impossible. These reasons of State policy had great weight with me, and
I willingly deferred to the representations of the Governor General, notwithstanding that they
were opposed to my private interests."
With reference to the important part which the Rev. W. B. Clarke played in the
disoovety of gold in Australia, I cannot do better than quote the words of Professor Geikie, F.RS.,
who^ in his Life of Murchison; says : — Count Strzelecki appears to have been the first tp ascer-
tain the actuid existence of gold in Australia ; but, at the request of the colonial authorities,
the discovery was closely kept secret. The first explorer who proclaimed the probable auriferous
veins of Australia on true scientific grounds, that is, by obtaining gold in situ and tracing the
parent rocks through the country, was the Rev. W. B. Clarke, M.A, F.G.S., who, originaUy a
ekrgjman in England, has spent a long and laborious life in working out the geological structure
dt his adopted country. New South Wales. He found gold in the Macquarie Vcdley and Vale
of Glwydd in 1841, and exhibited it to numerous members of the Legislature, dechoing at the
same time his bsiief in its abundance. While, therefore, geologists in Europe were guessing^
Im^ having actually found the precious metal, was tracing its occurrence far and near on the
ground.
82
•
The Rev. W. B. Clarke gave the following evidence before a Select Committee of the
Legislative Council, 24 September 1852. (Vide Parliamentary Papers): —
'* Q, Have you any objection to state to the committee when your attention was first
directed to the existence of gold in this country? A, It was in 1841, when I crossed the
Dividing Bange to the westward of Parramatta, in endeavouring to satisfy myself as to the
extent of the Carboniferous formation in that direction, that I first became aware of the exist-
ence of gold in Australia, by detecting it at the head of the Winbumdale rivulet, and in the
granite westward of the Vale of Clwydd.
" j^y Mr, Holroyd : Did you go further to the westward % A, No; I had satisfied myself
as to the object of my journey, and returned homo. At that time I knew nothing of the history
of gold j but since then I have obtained every information I could upon the subject. There are
many persons living who know that I, very shortly afterwards, began to speak of the abundance
of gold likely to be found in thia Colony, and that as eai-ly as 1843 I mentioned it generally.
On the 9th April, 1844, I also spoke to the then Governor, Sir G. Gipps, and exhibited to him
a sample, but without any result as to further inquiry. The matter was regarded as one of
cariosity only, and considerations of the penal condition of the Colony kept the subject quiet^
as much as Uie general ignorance of the value of such an indication. In that year I exhibited
the gold, and spoke of its probable abundance, to some of the then members of the Council; aiid
one of them, the late Mr. Kobinson, replied to me, ' You ought to have been a miner/ but took
no further notice of it. The only one who seemed to take much interest in the subject was His
Honor Mr. Justice Therry. I am able to fix the date of the time when I spoke to Sir G. Gipps
by the recollection that I spent that day with him at Parramatta, and that it was the day on
which a certain great meeting of squatters was held in Sydney.
" Q, What was the character of the gold you found 1 A, H was embedded in a matrix of
quartz, and also, as it is generally found in granite, in small flakes. I did not find alluvial gold
'* Q, Did you make it known to any of your scientific friends in England ? A, Not at
the time at which it was found, but I have written to my friends often since ; and Sir It. Murchison
has quoted from one of my letters to him in an article published by him in the Quarterly Review^
of September, 1850. The editors of the Illustrated Australian Magazine^ published at
Melbourne, 1851 (October), state also that they had seen letters written by me to my friends in
England, ten years ago, which proved that I knew the country to be auriferous (p. 211). I do
not mention these facts for the sake of speaking of myself, but to substantiate my claim to have
declared the auriferous character of this country many years ago, before the present gold
workings began, and in consequence of the jealousies which have arisen respecting my knowledge
and investigations of it.
^^By the Chairman: How much gold was there in the specimens you found in 18431 A, The
weight of one specimen was about a pennyweight ; it was what might be termed a fair sample.
^* Q, Did you find any other specimens afterwards ? ii. I had no opportunity of
revisiting the localities ; my official duties prevented me, and when I had opportunities of again
going away on detached duties, it was altogether in other directions. It was always my inten-
tion, had occasion allowed, to make a close investigation of tliat district.
^^ By Captain King: Did you ever hear that Count Strzelecki had found gold at
Bathurst? A, No, I never heard of his having found gold at all until last year, 1851 (June, I
believe), when I read a letter published by Mr. Walker in the Herald newspaper, in which
Strzeledci stated that he had found indications of veins of gold and silver near Wellington.
There ib no mention whatever of gold in his Physical Description^ which was published in 1 845 ;
and in the geological report of his journey to Mount Kosciusko and Gipps Land, printed in the
Parliamentary Papers, the only allusion he makes to gold is in his notice of auriferous pyrites,
which he says was too insignificant to be regarded commercially.
" By Mr. Holroyd : Did you obtain your specimens from the creek or were they brought
to you 1 A, The gold of which I have spoken as having first led me to the knowlec^ of the
existence of the metal in New South WsJes I obtained myself.
"^. Did you break off any more quartz? A, No ; I was not looking for gold; my
object at that time was different I was not then aware that other persons had found cold in
various places of the western country.
83
"jBy the Chairman: Were you aware of its containing gold until you returned home?
A. I knew it was gold, but I did not at first see what it indicated.
" By Mr, Holroyd : You did not prosecute the investigation any further 1 Q. Not at
that time ; I merely regarded it as a mineralogical discovery."
In 1844 Sir Rod. Muix^hison pointed out the similaiity of the Blue Mountain Chain of
Australia, the Cordillera, to that of the Ui-al, and predicted the occurrence of gold His
prognostications, 1844-6-7, appear"*^ to have been the first published. Colonel Helmerson, a
member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, who was well acquainted with tiie
Ural Qold-fields, also expressed at this time a similar belief in the existence of gold in Australia.
In the Beport of the Commissioners of the International Congress of Australian statistics,
held in London in 1861, it is stated that : — '^The first known discovery of the precious metal
was made by Count Strzelecki in 1839, and was mentioned by him to some personal friends and
to Sir George Gipps, the then Governor of the Colony of New South Wales. It was again
discovered and specially noticed by the Rev. W. B. Clarke, of Sydney, in 1841. The attention
of the colonial public, however, was not attracted to the subject xmtil the existence of an
extensive gold-field throughout Australia was announced by Mr. R H. Hargraves in 1851. A
long time previous to this announcement^ namely, in 1844, and without being aware of the
finding of specimens of the precious metal by Count Strzelecki and the Rev. W. B. Clarke, Sir
R. Murchison publicly asserted the high probability of the existence of gold in Australia. This
bold induction was based on his knowledge of the geological formation of that country. And
the wonderful results of gold-mining in Victoria and New South Wales afiTord a proof of
scientific sagacity almost unparalleled in the history of science.
" James Magarthub, \
" Edward Hamilton, > New South Wales.
" Stuart A. Donaldson, )
^'M. a. Marsh, Queensland.
" William Westoarth, Victoria.
" Edward Stephens, South Australia*
" Jas. a. Youl, Tasmania.
" J. K Fitzgerald, New Zealand.
" Offices of the Congress : — Somerset House, London, 18 July, 1860."
Simpson Davidson, in his Gold Deposits in Australia, p. 27, says : —
" During all the time (apparently from 1847 to 1849) of my being at Goodgood, the very
crystallinic chuacter of the mica schist continued to attract the attention not only of myself,
but also of the shepherds, who were continually bringing specimens to me to ask if it were not
gold, or an indication of it, and amongst others whom I had lately engaged as a shepherd was
on* by name Thomas Appleby. This man had seen better days, and had had a great deal of
experience in the Colony. He was besides gifted with strong, natural good sense, and intem-
perate habits alone had reduced him to the necessity of servitude in this humble capacity.
Appleby was always disposed to look for gold at Goodgood, and I think it likely he may have
lived in the Western Districts, about the Wellington Valley, since he was not only acquainted
with the foct of a shepherd in that neighbourhood having found gold during a number of years
past) and of having effectually concealed the fact from the authorities, but he described very
correctly the manner in which the fortunate shepherd got his gold, by breaking up * white flint,
just such as this, sir,' as Appleby one day said, while picking up at the same time the quartz
pebbles which were scattered about in tolerable abundance on the Goodgood Run, in addition to
the compact quartz veins to which I have already alluded.
" Appleby was not the first man who mentioned to me the secret of the gold-finding
shepherd, for the fact of a shepherd habitually finding gold was known, I venture to say, to
every other shepherd in the Colony of two years' standing. The tradition had passed from shepherd
to shepherd, and whilst the Government and the men of science, as it afterwards appeared,
either were, or affected to be, ignorant of the circumstances, the facts were universally spoken of
at this time in the pastoral districts, though they might be but little heard of amongst the Sydney
* Royal Geographical Society's volume for 1845. Trans, Royal Oeologieal Society of Cornwall, 1846,
Beport of the British Assodation, 1849,
84
Citizen& But Appleby described the maimer in which the lucky shepherd obtained his gcAd more
circumstantially and more correctly than any other person I met with, and I think that he
must either have collected his information from the immediate neighbourhood of Wellington, or
it may have been from an actual personal acquaintance with the gold-collecting shepherd himself/*
Fciffe 276, — " It should also be stated that the Mr. Smith who is mentioned purchased
the gold, which it appears he sent to Sir K. Murchison in England, for he never discovered any
gold in Australia himself. Mr. Smith is chiefly known in the Colony as having exhibited to
the Colonial Secretary a lump of gold, found by a shepherd about the year 1846 in the very
xieighbourhood where Mr. Hargraves washed out the first gold on Summer Hill Creek. This
shepherd only found one piece of gold, and could never find any more (on p. 356 Mr. Davison
states that at the time it was supposed by most people to have been melted down from stolen
jewelry) ; but another shepherd — the more notorious Macgregor — had collected at various
times numerous pieces near Wellington, about 50 miles distant from the former place, and I
presume that some of these may have been the specimens which came into possession of Mr.
SiBith and Mr. Phillips, and were by them forwarded to 'Sir Roderick Murchison in 1848, sinoe
neither of these persons claim to be actual gold-finders."
And at page 340. — " Although the existence of gold in New South Wales was known for
many years past to scientific men, yet it is gene>rally admitted that Macgr^or was the first
person ivho found it in remunerative quantities. In the scramble for notoriety, which oocuired
several years subsequent to Macgregor's success, his claims were overlooked or set aside by those
who laboured through the Press and elsewhere to enforce their own demands, and he, being a
man of humble position, and of unobtrusive habits, made no endeavour at the time to establish
a priority so justly his due. Macgregor, now a wealthy man, was formerly a shepherd in Mr.
Montefiore's establishment at Wellington. His flock fed over land situated on Mitchell's Creek,
and possessing a geological turn of mind, and from the nature of his occupation — abundant
leisure to prosecute research — he was led to break up and examine portions of a quartz ridge
which traversed his sheep run. During this investigation he met with a metal (amongst sevend
others) which he supposed to be gold, and forwarded a sample of it to Sydney. The. result
proved the correctness of his opinion, and thenceforth he devoted the whole of his available
time to [the accumulation of the precious metal. The shepherd was ordinarily a prudent man,
but becoming enamoured of a young woman he revealed to her the secret of his wealth, and
produced ample proofs of its reality. From this moment ceased the monopoly which he had
enjoyed undisturbed for some years ; the circumstances with his discovery gradually became
known to the pubUc, and the local excitement was intense. The quartz ridge and its neighbour^
hood were visited by hundreds eager in the pursuit, all of whom were enabled to bear away an
auriferous fragment. Dr. Curtis communicated iiie fsMta to Sir George Gipps, bat failed to
direct official notice to the locality ; and ultimately Macgregor left the district (to which he is
yet an occasional visitor) in search of other gold-fields. The excitement of the good people of
Wellington is at present little less than it was in Macgregor's time, from the fact of these
identical lands being now in the market. They consider, and with probability, that an oppor-
tunity wiU now be afforded for testing the auriferous capabilities of the immediate vicinity of
the township. Three sections of 640 acres each are to be submitted for sale on the 29th ol
AjHTil instant, at Wellington, and the result is looked forward to with impatience. Copper and
other ores have been also found here, in addition to which the lands are of the highest chaxBotery
probably the best in the country for agricultural purposes, being watered by Mitchell's Creek."
Again on pctge 348, — " By inquiring on the spot I have learnt that Mac^pregor had
collected altogether, gold of the value of about two hundred pounds sterling, previously to the
discovery of gold in placer-deposits. This sum may appear small, but considering that it was
entirely obtained by breaking the surface quartz with a hammer, while following the occupation
ol sheep tending, I should think that it not improbably represented a thousand separate
instances of gold-finding, between the year 1840 and 1850."
Mr. Davison also mentions that in June, 1849, there appeared an article in a Sydney
joamal headed '* Port Phillip a Gold-field," with a circumstantial account of some youth having
found a lump of gold between Melbourne and the Pyrenees. The statement was a good deal
doubted at the time, but the account was perfectly true.
85
Tte above statement wiks made, Mr. Daviaon says, while he and Mr. E. Hammond
HorgraTee were detuned, by the weather, in Sydney Harbour, on board the barque " Elizabeth
Archer," then bound for the gold-fields of California.
In a pamphlet on Gold and the Gold-fields, by James Wyld, London, occurs the
{<^owing Btatemeut, p. 32 : — "Mr. Franciii Forbes, of Sydney, about two years ago published and
cinuUtad in New South Wales a paper, in which he affirmed in the strongest manner, on soten-
tifio data, the existence of gold formations in New Holland. Mr. Forbes, not being Ustesed to
nor encouraged in his researches, went to California, where he died in 18&<0."
On June 23rd, 1875, some articles and letters referring to the diacoveiy of gold ^)peared
in the Parket Oaaette, in which it is stated that Mr. John Phillips announced the disoovery of
gold in 1847. A letter, dated from Jermyn-atreet, 16 July, 1866, from Sir Bod. Marahison
to Bir Ohaa. Hotham, is cited, which states that " Mr. Phillips is the person who first aanounoed
to me that he had detected it (gold) in your QoTemment (1847). I so stated the fact in my
letter of 1648 to the Colonial Secretary (Lord Orey), when I niged upon H. M. GoTominvntto
take the initiative in developing the auriferous resources of the region."
Mr. Austin brought to Sydney a nngget of gold, worth X35, which he had found in the
Sathurst district, January, 1851. — Heaion's Dictionary of Datet.
The following extract is from a lecture upon the Geology of Australia by the late Prof.
Beete Jukes, F.R8. :— »
" Some of Sir R. Murchison's observations, having found their way to the Australian
■pt^em, a Mr. Smith, engaged at that time in some ironworks at Berrima^ was indueed by them
in the year 1849 to search for gold, and he found it He sent the gold to the C4dontaI
Oorenunent, and offered to disclose its locality on payment of ;£600. He Oovemor, however,
not putting rail faith in the statement, and being, moreover, unwilling to encourage a gold fever
wiUiont sufficient reasons, declined to grant the Bum, but offered, if Mr. Smith would mentioD
til* locality, and the discovery was found to be valuable, to reward him acccrdmgly. Very
nnwiaely, as it turns out, Mr. Smith did not accept this ofier, and it remained for Mr. Hargravea,
lAo came with the prestige of his Califomian experience, to remake the discovery, uid to get
the reward from Government on their own conditions.''
The Rev. W. B. Clarke says in his Plain StatemonU, 1861, p. 7, that Messrs. Macgr«gor,
Stewart, Tiappitt and others found gold prior to Mr. Hargravee. There is considerable evidence
to prove that gold was several times obtained in Victoria and publicly exhibited in Melbourne
in 1848 and 1849.
To Mr. Hargraves in 1851 was reserved the satisfaction of showing that gold eziatad in
gteat quantities in various parts of the Colony and that it oould be readily obtained from
■Jlavial deposits by meaus of the cradla
BarUBN showing the Quantity and Value of Gold produced in the Colony of New South Wales.
From the Annxtal Reports of the Department qf Mints, Sydney.
T«i.
QianUlj.
y-u.
T«ir.
QuMUtf.
T>ia>.
14^21
818,701
M8,0e2
237,910
171,367
1S4,600
176,949
286.798
329,363
384,064
465.686
640,622
466,111
34(^287
830^816
290,014
£
468,336
2,660,946
1,781,172
773,209
654,694
689,174
(i74.4i7
1,104, ITS
li4f>3.'373
1,806,172
2,4e7,7S0
1.79(5,170
1.30*, 926
1.231.243
1,116,404
271,886
266,662
261,492
a«,866
323,610
42S.130
3(1U780
270,823
290,883
167,412
124,111
119,666
100,660
118,600
14^«27<W
£
1,063,678
S94.6SS
974,149
18M
1,306.176
1,040^329
877,6»4
eialiw
430,033
407.2W
1864
HH
1881
Tot.
* LeotoTM on (Md, ddivtnd at the HuHant of Ftaotioat Qeolagy, p, 3S; London, I8S8.
86
Silver.
Native Silver.
Native silver crystallizes in the cubical . system ; specific gravity 10*1 to 11*1. It does
not appear to have been found in any quantity in New South Wales.
The Eev. W. B. Clarke mentions in his " Southern Gold-fields/' published in 1860, that ■
silver had been met with in the southern districts in two or three places in the form of small
fragments, and arborescent crystals. The same author mentions finding a thin plate of flexible
silver having a specific gravity of 10.
Count Strzelecki makes the following mention of the occurrence of native aly&c on
Honeysuckle Bange, from Piper's Flat,* in New South Wales in 1839 : — "Silver (native) in
very minute and rare spangles, disseminated in primitive greenstone, ^i^ * * deserving
further researches." Native silver is said to occur also in the Boorook Mines, with the chloride,
sulphide, and other ores of silver ; and at Calton Hill, Dungog, Hunter and Macleay District ;
and Warril Creek, to the north of Kempsey.
A small plate of silver was found by Mr. C. Suttor, junior, in the quarts of a vein con-
taining galena, on the Mount Grosvenor Estate, near Bathurst
Argentitb. — Silver Glance.
CheuLcomp.*: Sulphide of silver AgS; silver, 87*1 S 12*9 a 100. Crystallizes in the
cubical system ; specific gravity, 7*19 to 7*36.
'Diis ore has been found with iron pyrites in quartz, also in limestone on the Clarence
and Manning Rivers. It occurs also at two or three places near Bathurst, in the county of
Bathurst ; at Copper Hill ; at Brownlea ; on the Page and Isis Rivers, Upper Hunter, in the
county of Brisbane ; and at Brunaby Creek, in the coimty of Argyle. With cobalt, zinc and
iron at Broulee, Moruya, in the county of Dampier ; at Teesdale, county of Bathurst; on the Quean-
beyan'River, county of Murray ; at Burra Creek, county of Selwyn ; on the Yass River and
Burrowa Creek, county of King ; at Bnckinbah, county of Gordon ; at Tacking Point, county
of Macquarie ; and on the Crookwell River, county of Geoi'giana. With gold, lead and zinc at
Gulgong ; with carbonate of lead at Peelwood ; with galena and iron pyrites at Shellmalleer ;
on &e Molonglo River, near its junction with the Murrumbidgee ; and at the junction of Mur-
rumbidgee Creek with Mountain Creek, in the county of Murray. In nearly all cases the
silver sulphide occurs, mixed more or less intimately with galena, so that properly it should
usually be termed argentiferous galena. It occurs with galena on Brookes' Creek, Upper Gun-
daroon, in the county of Muiray, and Adelong, in the county of Wynyard ; with fluorspar and
galena at Woolgarloo ; with galena at Wellingrove, in the Glen Innes District ; at Grenfell,
in the county of Monteagle ; and Araluen, in the county of St. Vincent. The silver-bearihg lodes
at Tarrahappini, Warrell, run through granite and Devonian rocks ; the vein-stuff consists of
quartz, containing mispickel, zinc blende, iron pyrites, and galena, but up to the present these
veins have not proved payable.
The richest silver veins at present known exist at Boorook, about 20 miles to the north-
east of Tenterfield, distant some 30 miles by the road ; the veins are said to run through slate and
" felspar porphyry," and the silver minerals are associated with quartz, oxide of iron, and iron
pyrites, often rich in both silver and gold. In the upper portions of the lodes the silver seems
to be mainly present as chloride ; below, at a depth of 110 feet or 120 feet, it changes for the
most part into silver sulphide.
At the Golden Age Mine the vein is composed of a porous quartz, with chlorite, clay,
and much oxide of iron, an4 the ore is principally the chloridd down to 80 feet, below which it
changes to sulphide, mixed with argentiferous pyrites and zinc blende. The rock or country is
described as a blue shale, or soft slate in parts fossiliferous.
Some of the ore from the Boorook Mines contained as much as 800 ozs. of silver and
5 008. of gold to the ton ; most of the gold is in the free state.
* Pkysieal Dtscriptian of New South Wales cmd Van Diemen's Land, by P. E. de Stneelecki, London,
1M5.
87
Antihonial BtLVBB Obe.
The compositions of the antimonial silver oompoonds hitherto met with have not yet been
worked out. Some of the silver ore from Boorook is in part an antimonial one, mixed with t]ie
ohloridey sulphide, and perhaps arseniate of silver ; associated with this mix^ ore are found
native gold, iron oxide, iron pyrites, copper pyrites, chlorite, quartz, and other minerals.
An arsenical compoW of sUver and antimony occurs at Moruya.
The following analyses, made by Mr. W. A. ' Dixon, for the Mining Department in
1879, will serve to show the composition of some of the mixed silver ores : —
Stone from Mr. J. Moffat's property, Boorook : —
Silica 97'710
Iron '791
Zinc traces
Lead "023
Copper traces
Antimony '126
Silver and gold -004
Sulphur "324
Water -702
Oxygen and loss '261
100000
Qold, Idwt Hgrs. per ton ; silver, 1 oz. 11 dwts. 5grs. per ton. Calculated into its
proximate constituents this analysis gives —
SiUca 97-710
Sulphide of antimony *174
„ „ silver -004
„ „ lead -026
„ „ iron (FeSa) '486
Oxide of iron '823
Water '762
99*984
Stone from the Grand Junction Reef, Boorook : —
Silica 91-766
Antimony '132
Arsenic , traces
Gold -on
Silver -129
Lead 1*492
Copper i -047
Zinc -477
Iron 2-631
Sulphur 1-662
Water 1-008
Oxygen and loss *766
100-000
Gold, 3ozB. 16.dwt& per ton; silver, 42ozs. 4 dwts. lOgrs. per ton. Calculated with
its proximate constituents the above analysis gives —
Silica 91-766
Sulphide of antimony *184
Gold -Oil
Sulphide of silver -148
„ lead 1-722
„ one -716
„ copper CuaS.) *060 { Ck>pper pyrites
„ iron(Fe2Ss) -0821 0-142
.. „ (FeSa) 1-774
Oxide of iron 2*607
Water 1-008
99-996
KsxABOTBiTK. — Horn Silter.
Ohftin. oomp. : SilTer Chloride, AgCL Silver, 76-3 ; Chlorine, 347 - lOO-O:
Specifio gravity, 5-31 to 5'65.
Oryettiiixm in the cubical sjeiem, often has the appearance of and cuts like nz.
FuBea in the candle flame. Bald to occur in a, vein near Braidwood and within 2 or 3 milet
of Qnaanbeyan.
Occurs at Boorook, especially in the upper portion of the veins.
BROMARaYRiTE. — Silver Bromide.
Chem. comp. : AgBr, Silver, 57-4; Bromine, 42-6 -10000.
Kot yet reported ; but the following compound of silver with chlorine and bromide ig
reported from Mitchell's Creek.
Ehbolite. — Silver CMoro-bromide.
Chem. comp. : AgCIBr. The proportion of wlver varies from 61 to 72 per cent.
Specific gravity, 531 to 5-81.
(>yatalliaee in the cubical system. Found at Winter & Morgan's Mine, Mitchell's Creek,
BathnrBt
Betcrm showing the Quantity and Value of Silver produced in the Colony of New South Walet
The Annual Seport of the Mining Department, Sydney.
Y«r.
VnIlM.
v™
v....
266toiuore
28 „
18 „
786 on.
£
ay 6,320
1,080.
130
ISl
4g,fi4S 0^.
66,998 „
78,027 „
6%E6S ,.
69,179 „
31,409 „
60,663 „
83.184 „
91.419 „
57,254 „
£
12,663
18.880
188B
753 oiB.
13,868 „
71,312 „
199
3,801
18,681
1879
18,071
1881
Total
£178,405
Moat of tbe adlver produced in New South Wale* it obtuned in the refining of gcAA at the Mint.
Platinum.
' Native PLATimm.
Crystallizes in the cubical system.
Specifio gravity, 16 — 19.
Reported to occur with gold in the Shoalhaven River, county of Dfunpier ; in the Ophir
gold district, county of Wellington ; in the form of small grains at Bendemoer, county of Inglis ;
and at Colton Hill, Dungog, in tbe Hunter and Macleay District^ county of Durham. A
small nugget, weighing 268 grs., and having a sp. gr. of between 1$ and 16, was obtained from
Wiseman's Creek, county of Westmoreland, with alluvial gold.
A small quantity of platinum occurs in the sand along the sesrcoast, near tbe Richmond
River ; an assay of some by Mr. W. A. Dixon* gavo-^
Gold 1 dwt Sgra. par ten
Platinnm LeiathuQgra. „
■ Vide Amtaal Report qf If Mug Departmeni, 1919,^^
90
CiNNABAB.
Ohem. comp. : Mercury, 86*2 ; sulphur, 13*8 = Hg. S. Found on the Cudgegong River,
Bome 25 miles from Mudgee, county of Phillip, in an argillaceous matrix, and in alluvial deposits
associated with gold, gems, and other similarly occurring minerals, in the form of small rounded
masses of a brilliant red colour. The Cudgegong Mine is no longer being worked. Reported
also to occur at Moruya, county of Dampier. Cinnabar is reported with gold, silver, and copper
on Grove Creek, Abercrombie Mountains.
Copper.
Native Copper.
Cubical system. Crystallized native copper is by no means rare, but large and well
developed crystals, as elsewhere, are uncommon. It is met with massive, in plates, threads,
wires, and arborescent forms, the latter being usually built up of elongated rhombic dodekahedra.
I have been unable to find any analysis of New South Wales native copper, but it probably
contains the usual small quantities of silver, lead, bismuth, and other metals.
In nearly all cases it is found in association with cuprite, malachite, and other oxidized
copper ores, as at Carcoar and Bathurst, county of Bathurst ; the Canoblas and Wellington,
county of Wellington ; Mitchell's Creek, Bell River, county of Roxburgh ; Peel River, counly
of Inglis ; the Belara Mine, 20 miles from Gulgong, county of PhilUp ; Manilla, county of
Darling ; Bingera, county of Murchison ; Cobar, county of Robinson ; Pink's Creek ; the
Peabody Mine, county of Ashbumham ; Copper Hill, Pierce's Knob ; and Mount Lyell, near the
Stanley Ranges, county of Famell. It occurs with smaragdite on Molong Creek, and with
porphyry at Parkes, county of Ashbumham ; at Peelwood, county of Roxburgh, with lead ores ;
and in the form of diffused grains in a dark grey phonlite, neai* Kiama, county of Camden.
Quite recently it has been found with alluvial gold near Nundle.
Cuprite — Red Copper Ora
Chem. comp. : Copper suboxide = Cu^O ; copper, 88*8; oxygen, 11-2 = 100. Usually
found massive, but occasionally well crystallized in cubes and octohedra, which, however, are
seldom more than ^ inch in diameter.
The variety crystallized in capillary crystals, known as chalcotrichite or plush copper, is
met with at the Coombing Mine, near Carcoar, county of Bathurst. The lai^;est ana best
crystals I have seen have come from the Cobar Mine.
This mineral is usually associated with the other oxidized copper ores, such as malachite
and chesaylite.
It is abundant at Cobar, county Robinson, both massive and crystallized; Clarence
River, county Clarence ; Gordon Brook, county Richmond ; Cowra, Carcoar, Milbum Creek,
Cow Flat-, and the Bathurst district, county Bathurst ; Mitchell's Creek, county Roxburgh ;
Wiseman's Creek, county Westmoreland ; Icely ; Burrowa, county Eling ; Molong, county
Ashbumham ; Mount Hope, county Blaxland ; Copper Kill, West Bogan ; Coumtoondra
Range, N. W. of Wilcaunia ; Apsley, county Vernon ; Belara, county Phillip ; Nymagee,
county Mouramba ; Thompson's Creek Mine, county Georgiana ; Hurley and Weame's Mine,
near Wellington, county Wellington ; and Frog's Hole, county Aucklajid ; in the Armstrong
Mine, where it contains both gold and silver ; on the Manilla Creek, with grey sulphide or
redruthite ; Bungonia, county Argyle ; Yass, county King ; Peelwood, county Roxburgh| with
tenorite and cerussite; Bingera, county Murchison; at Temora, county Bland, with iron
pyrites, chalcopyrites, a little silver, and traces of gold.
Tenorite. — Melaconite.
Or black oxide of copper. Chem. comp. : Copper oxide = CuO; copper, 79*85 ; oxygen,
20-15 = 100.
Generally in the form of a black powder, massive, or sporadic, «.«., disseminated in nests.
Usually found associated with other oxidized copper ores, in the upper parts of veinB, as at
Carcoar and Milbum Creek, county Bathurst ; Wellington, county Wellington ; Icely ; Feel-
92
Ataoahitb.
Oliem. comp. : HydrouB ozychloride of copper » 3 CuHsO, + OuCl. Oopper oxide^ 6S'6 ;
copptr ohloiide, 30*2; water, 16*2 « 100.
CryBtallizeB in the Rhombic Cfystem. Dark green in colour.
Occurs in the Cobar Mines, county Robinson ; Oowra, county Bathurst ; and loely.
Crystallized in radiated groups of small acicular crystals. A specimen, probably firom
Cobar, of a dark translucent olive green colour, with vitreous lustre and apple green streaki
yielded the following result : —
Analysis,
Water loBt at 105** -636
„ combmed 18*966
Copperozide *. 64*709
„ chloride 18*218
Silica and insoluble matter 7*699
100*017
BROCHAinnTE. — Blue Vitriol w Copper Sulphate.
Crystallizes in the doubly oblique or anorthic system, but most usually met with in the
form of an efflorescence or incrustation.
Chem. Comp. : CUSO4, 3CuHaO, = Copper oxide, 70*34: sulphur tri-oxide^ 17*71; water
11*96 « 100.
A specimen from New South Wales gave Tschermak (Berg. Ak. Wien li, p. 131) the
following r^wdts : —
ArwXysis,
Copperozide ^ 69*1
Sulphur tri-oxide 19*4
Water 11*6
10000
The late Mr. Stutchbury reported that at Kelloshiels the well water was found to be so
impregnated with oopper as to be unfit for domestic purposes. The copper was probably pre-
sent as sulphate.
DiOPTASB.
Chem. comp. : CuSiOj, H20 = Silica, 38*1 ; copper oxide, 50*4 ; water, 11*5 = 100.
Crystallizes in the hexagonal system. Colour emerald green, with a vitreous lustre; some-
times mistaken for the emerald. This mineral is said to occur with chessylite at Cobar, in the
county of Robinson.
Chbysooolla.
Chem. comp. : Hydrous copper silicate = CuSiOj, 2HsO. Copper oxide, 46*3 ; Bilioa, 84*2 ;
water, 20*5 » 100.
Amorphous. In colour dark green. Reported to occur in a matrix of semi-opal at the
Ooombing Copper-mine, 2 miles from CWcoar, county Bathurst ; also at Cobar, county Bobinaon.
A massive specimen, brought from Wheeo as a specimen of jasper, is of a bluish-green
ooloor, much darker outside than within. Breaks with a somewhat splintery and conchoidal
firacture.
Hardness « 4* Specific gravity, varied in different part from 2*37 to 2*43.
AnalusiB.
Watof lost at 120" C 11*92
H „ „ red heat 9*40
Copper oxide (CuO) 36*28
Iron oxide tnoe
Silica *. 43*11
L088 • '29
10000
As the above does not answer to the usual foonula it is probable that scHue of the silica
eodsta in the free state.
98
Phosphoohaloitb. — Psendomaladiite.
Chem. comp. : Hydrous copper phosphate = CujPsOgydOuHaOs. Copper oxidei 70*9;
phoephorio acid, 21*1 ; water, 8*0= 100.
Crystallizes in the Khombio system. Colour, dark green.
Coombing Copper Mine.
Arseniate of Copper.
Mentioned as occurring in a quartz-vein on the Cox Elver, but it is not stated whether
t^e mineral was condurrite, olivenite, or one of the other arseniates.
Redruthite — Vitreous Copper Ore — Copper Glance.
Ohem. comp. : Copper disulphide = Cu^S ; copper, 79*8; sulphur, 20*2 = 100.
Crystallizes in the Rhombic system. It is of a lead-grey colour, soft, and leaves a shining
streak something like galena.
I have only seen this mineral in the massive state, but it is found crystallized in South
Australia.
Found at Cobar, county Robinson ; Mount Hope, county Blaxland ; Nvmagee, county
Mouramba ; South Wiseman's Creek, county Westmoreland ; between the Lachlan and Bogan
Riyers, 100 miles north-west of Forbes ; Parkes, county Ashbumham ; MitchelFs Creek, county
Roxburgh ; Bocoble ; Milbum Creek, county Bathurst ; Muswell, 1 2 miles from Groulbum,
county Argyle ; CuUen Bullen, county Roxburgh, with iron pyrites, copper pyrites, and calcite,
containing both gold and silver ; at Manilla Waters, near Bowral ; near the Wellington Caves,
county Wellington, with blue and green carbonates in a quartzose vein-stuff; also at Wellbank,
near Wellington; at Waterfall Creek, running into CardianguUong Creek, with iron pyrites;
at Bathurst and Carcoar, county Bathurst ; Kroombit and Icdy.
SUiceotis EedruthiU. — A peculiar copper ore was received from Coombing Copper-mine,
about 2 miles from Carcoar, of a dark grey, almost black colour. In general appearance
somewhat resembling redruthite, but of a duller lustre, and considerably harder, the hardness
being between 5 and 6. In parts a bronze tint and lusti^e is apparent. The specimen exhibits
Xifiither crystals nor crystalline structure ; it breaks with a well marked conchoidal fracture.
Lostre somewhat resinous ; streak shining.
Heated in a glass tube it gives off water, having a strongly acid reaction, from the
sulphorous acid which is evolved. Before the blow pipe it does not fuse, colours the flame green,
and acquires a dull black colour. Treated with strong boiling nitric acid it is rapidly acted upon,
a brown coloured residue being left ; the residue, when examined under the microscope, presents
a honey-combed appearance ; the wall^ of the irregular cellular cavities are pale brown and
translucent, and apparently composed of quartz ; when the powdered mineral is boiled with nitric
acid, a white residue of silica is left. Concentrated hydrochloric acid also dissolves out the
copper sub-sulphide, but much more slowly.
The mineral is intimately associated with quartz, both ordinary white vein quartz, and a
translucent variety of a greyish tint ; this grey tint seems to be due to diffused very finely divided
copper subsulphide.
The specific gravity of a portion quite free from visible quartz was found to be 3*12 at 18° C.
The following analysis was made upon a portion which appeared to be perfectly homoge-
neous even under a 1-inch objective ; yet this yielded over 43 per cent, of silica.
Analysis,
Water, combined 2*354
SiUca 43-420
Copper Bubsulphide (CuaS) 46*196
Iron sulphide (Fe S) 4*931
Iron sesquioxide 3*479
Undetermined and loss *620
• 100*000
The combined water was determined directly by collecting and weighing it in a
fihloride of calcium tube, a layer of lead oxide beiog placed in the front part of the combustion
tube to arrest any sulphur or sulphur oxides.
94,
The amount of . silica soluble in a boiling solution of sodium carbonate, was also
determined, and found to vary from 14-69 to 19-99 per cent.
The mineral therefore appears to be merely an intimate mixture of hydrated amorphouSi
and crystalline quartz, copper subsulphide with jsome iron oxide and ferrous sulphide.
BoRNiTE. — ^Erubescite.
Ptirple Ore, Bunlkupfererz.
Chem. comp. : varies considerably. A double sulphide of copper and iron. Copper, 56
to 70; iron, 6 to 17 ; sulphur, 21 to 26. Crystallizes in the cubi(»J system. Colour, copper-
red, purple to brown; fracture, even to small conchoidal ; streak, blackish grey, shining.
Found at Cobar, county Robinson ; Bingera, county Murchison ; Wellbank and Louisa
Creek, county Wellington ; and Cow Flat, county Bathurst.
Fahlerz. — Grey Copper Ore. Tetrahedrite.
Chem. comp. : 4 CujS + Sb^S,, but variable. Part of the copper often replaced by iron,
zinc, silver, mercury, or cobedt ; and the antimony partly replaced by arsenic and occasionally by
bismuth. At times it is very rich in silver, even as much as 30 per cent Crystallizes in the
cubical Gfystem, usually in tetrahedral forms — whence one of its synonyms; colour, grey; soft,
cuts with shining streak.
Occurs on the west side of Copper Hill, near Molong.
Chalcopyrites. — Copper Pyrites.
Chem. comp. : Copper-iron sulphide CujSjFcjSa, but variable. Copper, 34-6 ; iron,
30*5; sulphur, 34*9 = 100. Tetragonal system; hemihedral forms. A very abundant ore.
Usually occurs massive ; occasionally crystals are met with, but they are generally but
imperfectly developed. Colour, usually brass yellow. Blister ore is more of a bronze colour,
and occurs in mammillated and botryoidal forms. The tarnished variety of copper pyrites,
known as peacock ore from the splendid colours which it acquires, is very common.
It occurs in nearly all the metalliferous districts in the Colony, at Cobar, county Robin-
son ; Bingera, Elsmore, county Murchison ; Clavence, counly Clarence ; Wiseman's Creek and
Oberon, county Westmoreland ; Wellington District ; with zinc blende, steatite, quartz, and
asbestos; Ophir, Carooar, Cow Flat, and Mitchell's Creek, county Bathurst; Wallabadah, county
Buckland ; Cargo and Molong, county Ashbumham ; Peel wood, county Boxbuigh ; Tuena,
Charlton, Essington, county Georgiana ; Adelong with gold, county Wynyard ; Lobb's Hole
and YarrangobUly, county Buccleugh ; Kiandra, county Wallace ; Guerdon Brook, county Rich-
mond ; Snowball Mine, near Gundagai, county Clarendon ; Dundee, county Cough ; Gkxxlrich
and Narragal, county Gordon ; Cootalantra Mine and Belmore Mine, Monaro district ; between
Condobolin and Parkes; Frog's Hole, county Auckland ; Nymagee, county Mouramba; Solferino,
county Drake; Apsley, county Yemen; Bungonia and Currowang, Jacqua Mine and Nerrimunga,
county Argyle ; and Mallone Creek, between Goulbum and Braidwood.
BeU^metcd Ore, — Cobar, county Robinson.
DOMEYKITE.
Chem. comp.: Copper arsenide, CujAs. Copper. 71*7; arsenic, 38*3 = 100.
Amorphous. Occurs in the Bathurst district with yellow sulphide of copper.
Antimonial Copper Ore.
Said to occur at Eden, Twofold Bay, county Auckland.
Dioptase, olivenite, liebethenite, boumonite, and other beautiful copper minerals^ have
not apparently yet been found.
95
Bbturn showing the Quantity and Yalue of Copper produced in the Colony of New South Wales.
Tear.
Qoantfty.
Value.
Year.
Quantity.
Value.
1868
tons
58 ore
m „
43 „
144 „
2,200 „
125 copper
2,100 ore
295 copper
1,648 ore
304 copper
947 ore
296 copper
2,590 ore
315 copper
5,151 ore
£
1,400
2,250
1,535
3,390
12,000
12,500
22,100
1 37,345
28,135
35,316
34,200
1869
tons
2,084
1,000
1,444
1,452
2,846
4,160
3,677
3,275
4,513
5,219
4,142
5,394
5,361
£
76,675
65,731
88,886
106,888
239,102
825,140
301,690
249,978
824,226
345,158
257,352
364,059
355,0611
1869
1870
I860
1871
1861
1872
1862
1873
1863
1874
1864
1875
1866
1876
1878
1866
1879
1880
1867
1881
1868
Tol
bal
3,213,558
Lead.
Native Lead.
The Rev. W. B. Clai'ke more than once mentions having found native lead, on the Peel
River, Hanging Rock, and elsewhere.
It hafl flJso been found by the miners on the gold-fields, in association with serpentine, on
the spurs of the Curangora, near Bingera, county Murchison. One specimen had a specific
gravity of 11*04.
In 1880 I received an irregular piece of native lead from a miner, about 1^ inch long by
1 inch wide, and about |- to iV of an inch thick, with rough surface, as if it had filled a ja^aped
crevice, coated on the outside with impure oxide of lead of a brilliant red colour. The edges
were slightly rounded as if water-worn. It did not look at all as if it had been reduced artificiidly
or had been derived from bullets or sources of that kind. Weight » 32 grammes. Found near
GkmdagaL
The majority of the specimens of native lead which have been brought to me from time
to time have usually been derived from bullets, which have found their way into the river
deposits, and have been found by the miners when washing for gold.
Minium — Native Red Lead.
Chem. comp. : Lead oxide sPbsO^. Lead, 90*66 j oxygen, 9*34
oerussite at Feelwood, near Tuena ; and near Gundagai
100. Occurs with
Cebussite.
Chem. comp. : Lead carbonate » PbCO,. Lead oxide, 83-5; carbonic acid, 16*5 s 100.
Occurs massive and in large prismatic crystals at Peelwood Mine ; on the exterior tiiey are often
coloured red by a ferruginous clay. Also found at Tuena in a red clay ; at Solf erino ; at Silver-
dale, near Bowning, with other lead ores and fluor spar.
Anglesite.
Chem. comp.: Lead sulphate = PbS04. Lead oxide, 73*6; sulphuric acid, 26*4
Said to have been found with galena on the Abercrombie River.
100.
96
Ptkomorphite.
Ohem. comp. : Lead phosphate =» SPbjPaOg, PbCl. In round numbers, lead oxide, 75*0;
phosphoric oxide, 15 0; lead chloride, 10 = 100. Small quantities of calcium fluoride and calcium
phosphate are usually present, and part of the phosphoric acid is at times replaced by arsenic add.
Hexagonal system ; usually in six-sided prisma
At Grenfell, it is found as a bright green-coloured powder containing minute hexagonal
prisms ; it is also found of the same colour associated with galena and mimetite in a vein travmning
clay slate, near Bathurst. Another specimen from Bathurst was of a pale greyish-brown colour,
with a waxy lustre, and mammillated surface, upon which small crystals of chessylite were aeaited.
It occurs on the Sugar-loaf Hill, near Wellington ; also on Mitchell's Creek ; and at
Silyerdale, near Bowning, with galena.
Mimetite. -^Kampylite.
Chem. comp. : Lead arseniate = dPbsAsjOgyPbCL Li this mineral the phosphoric is
replaced by arsenic acid. Of a brown colour, and in much-curved or barrel-shaped hexagcmal
prisms. With pyromorphite at Sugar-loaf Hill, Wellington ; Mitchell's Creek and Gulgong.
WULPENITE.
Chem. comp. : Lead molybdate = PhMoO^. Lead oxide, 61 '5 ; molybdic acid, 38 '5 = 100.
Mentioned as occurring on a spur of Mount Murulla, Kingdon's Ponds, and near Mount
Wingen, county Brisbana The Kev. W. B. Clarke also records finding drifted molybdate of
lead, water worn and with a radiate structure, on the North Shore ; at Molongo, in the county
of Murray; and at Munmurra, county BligL — Sydney Morning Heraldy August 17, 1850.
Galena.
Chem. comp.: Lead sulphide = PbS. Lead, 86*6; sulphur, 13*4:^100. This, as elssr
where, is the commonest ore of lead ; it not only occurs in large deposits, but it is widely distri-
buted over the Colony.
It is usually found in the massive state, and with a granular structure which varies from
fine to coarse. Occasionally it is met with fairly well crystallized, usually in cubes and in com-
binations of the cube and octohedron, as at Cambalong, but on the whole crystals are rara In
other respects it presents all the usual properties of the mineral as found in other countries.
Zoco^i^fdi. — ^Argentiferous galena on the Chichester River ; near Inverell, and other places
in New England ; in the county of St. Vincent, on the Talwal, Yalwal and Major's Creeks, and
near Braidwood ; county of Murchison, at Beedy Creek ; county of Buckland, at Wallabadah ;
at Menindie, in the county of Menindie ; in the county of Parry, on the Feel Hiver, and
at Mount Gro'svenor ; in the county of Brisbane, on the Page, Isis, and Hunter Bivers ; in the
county of King, at Burrowa, in quartz veins, at Silverdale, Pudmore Creek and the Good
Hope Mine, near Yass ; in the county of Phillip, at Lawson's Creek, with copper ores, and
Gulgong ; the county of Harden, at Jugiong Creek and Mylora Creek, in a quartz porphry, Mur-
rumburrah and Bookham ; county of Monteagle, at Crookwell, and the Garibaldi Beef, near
Toung ; county of Bathurst, at Waroo, Humewood, Cow Flat Copper-mine, with carbonate and
stQphide of copper ; at Eurongilly, county Wynyard ; county of Wellington, at Wellington and
Ophir, county Roxburgh, Mitchell's Creek, in quartz with sulphides of copper and iron, and blue
and green carbonates of copper ; county of Hardinge, at Sandy Swamp and Tingha; county of
Clarendon, at Bethungra, and the Sebastopol Beef, Junee; at Woolgarloo, in association with
fitter spar ; in the county of Wellesley, near Bombida ; at Eiandra, in the county of Wallace, in
quartz veins ; at Quedong, Monaro District ; Wiseman's Creek, county of Westmoreland ; Geuei-
berra Plains, county of Murray ; in the county of Argyle, near Gbulbum, and at Bungonia ; in
the county of Boxburgh, at Peelwood ; Bavenswood ; in the county of Cook, near Hartley ;
Port Denison ; at Merimbula, county of Auckland ; Burragorang ; in the county of Gough, at
Glen Innes, Inverell ; at Moruya, in the county of Dampier ; on the Shoalhaven ; TJmberumba
Creek, county of Yancowinna ; at Kempsey, county of Dudley ; and in the county of Drake, at
Solferino.
In all cases the galena contains more or less silver.
97
Betum showing the quantity and value of Lead produced in the Colony of New South
Wales (Anntial Report of the Department of Minesy Sydney^ : —
Yetr.
1876 %
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
Total 191
Quantity.
Value.
ToiUL Cwte.
£
67
1,392 ♦
20 12
325
5
258
18 13
535
27 14
890
52 14
1,625
13
5,025
Cadmium.
A specimen of greenockite, the very 'rare cadmium sulphide, is said to have been found
on Louisa Creek associated with zinc blende and quartz.
Bismuth.
Native Bismuth.
Metallic bismuth occurs associated with carbonate of bismuth, oxide and sulphide, of
molybdenum and gold in a quartz- vein near Tentei*field, county of Clive, on analysis this gave the
following result: — Bismuth, 60^09 per cent. ; gold, 1 oz. 4 dwts. 10 grs. ; silver, oz. 8 dwts.
10 grs. per ton. Found in lumps near Byrne's Lode, in the same county. An earthy form of
bismuthite from Tenterfield was also found by Mr. Dixon to yield : Bismuth = 43^29 per cent.,
and molybdenum sulphide, 6^60.
Occurs with copper ores at Cobar, county Robinson, as shown in the following analyses
by Mr. W. A. Dixon {Report oftJie Mining Ilepartvient, Sydney, 1880) : —
Analyses.
No. 1.
Silica 4-26
Copper 22*84
Antimony '61
Bismuth 2^11
Lead ^27
Arsenic traces
Iron 39-20
Zinc -35
Silver traces
Sulphur 24-11
Oxygen water, loss &; undetermined 6i25
No. 2.
No. 3.
1-92
•96
54-93
26-47
traces
•46
2-58
217
18-26
100-00
14-48
7-83
100-00
39-09
27-46
3-39
100-00
Calculated into pi-oximate constituents, these results give : —
* These figures represent the quantity raised during 1876 and previous years.
N
Silica
4-26
28-60
192
26-09
•96
Cuprous sulphide
3314
Ferric ,,
37-44
68-73
43:35
Antimony
-85
•64
Bismuth
2-59
S-ie
2^66
Lead
•31
Zinc
•52
Feroso ferric oxide
24-50
•93
' -io
18*82
Traces, arsenic, silver, water and loss
•43
10000
100-00
100-00
98
LoealiUes. — In the New England District, at the Bruce Mine ; county of Qough, near
Glen InncM, at Rcdgate, on the Silent Grove Creek, where a vein averaging 8 inches wide was
being worked in 1880 ; at the Elsmore Mine, also being worked, and Kingsgate, 18 miles east
of Glen Innes, where a lode 6 to 8 feet wide was reported as being worked in 1880 ; in the
county of Sandon, at Arniidalo ; in the Vegetable Creek District, at the Gulf and on Duck
Creek ; a lode is stated to have been found near Kempsey, in the Macleay District.
BiSMUTHITE.
Chem. comp. ; A hydrated carbonate of bismuth. Bismuth oxide, 90 '0; carbonic acid,
6-5; water, 3-5 = 100.
Found in the form of more or less rounded grains and pebbles with stream tin in the
New England District
Samples of bismuthite from Tingha, county of Harding, in the form of white and dark
brown water- worn nodules were found to contain 60*43 per cent, of bismuth ; another with talc
and sesquioxido of iron, G2'75 i>er cent, of bismuth.
Generally found in the form of dull grey or white earthy-looking rolled fragments —
usually about the size of a poa, but sometimes larger pieces are found. Breaks with a dull
earthy fractun*. Found with the stream tin over most parts of the New England Tin District
A specimen from Ponds Creek gave the following results : —
llardnesH - 3 to 4.
Aiudysia.
Silica 4-e96
Bismuth trioxido(Bi2 03) 76-061
Alumina and traoos of iron scsquioxide 1*983
Carbonic acid 5*426
Water, by differonco 11*835
100*000
The above doi^ not agrt^u with the usual formula given- for this mineral. The specimen
is inoK> or less impure, as is sliown by the presence of tlie silica, alumina, and iron.
Tellurium.
Native Tellurium.
A ran^ metal ; n^porUHl to occur at Bingera, county Murchison.
%
Molybdenum.
Molybdenite.
Ch«Mn. iH)mjx : ^lolylHlenum sulphide MoS..*. Usually found massive, with a coarsely
granular structun* ; also in grains, scales, plates, and rosette clust<?rs of crystals Sometimes
the Hat hexagonal plates or crystals are of large size ; 1 have found some as large as a half-
crown on the Elsmore Tin-mino, count v Gouirh.
The colour is usually bluish-whito, with a stnuig metallic lustre.
Associations, — It is rather auninou in the New England Tin Districts, especially at the
Elsmort' and Nowstead tin-mines, when* it oocui-s in the tin veins traversing the granite. It is
most usually ass^HnatiHl with quartz. On the Hunter River it is found associated with gold,
galena, pyrites, and other minerals.
LocttUtifs,- -\X alsi> txvurs at RuUin Flat, near Cioulbum, county Argyle ; at Kiandra,
c\>unty |Walhux\ with quartz; and Cleveland Bay; OUui ; Cnxxlerich' Mine, county Gordon ;
near Kem|v>t\v, county Dudley ; also at Kingsgate/nwur Glen Innes, county Gou^
99
Arsenic.
Native ARSENia
In massiye pieces with mammillated surfaces, Lunatic Eeef, Solf erino, county Drake,
with mispickel ; Winterton's Mine, Mitchell's Creek, with gold and silver ; Louisa Creek, county
Wellington.
Mispickel. — Arsenical Pyrites.
Chem. comp. : Sulp-arsenide of iron FeS + FeAs. Arsenic, 46*0 ; sulphur, 19*6 ; iron,
34-4 = 100.
Rhombic system. Colour almost silver white. Streak dark-greyish black.
Rather large crystals occur with quartz near Goulbum, also on the Shoalhaven River
associated with small hexagonal prisms of beryl, which penetrate the mispickel; in New
England, Elsmore, and other places ; large well-formed crystals of mispickel on Louisa Creek ;
also on Back Creek, Barrington, county of Gloucester, with gold ; and at Dundee and Wattle
Flat ; near Orange, very rich in gold ; on the Moama or Mitchell River, near Cooradooral ;
Marulan, county Argyle ; Moruya, county St. Vincent, with blende and galena, and containing
a fair proportion of gold and silver ; at Carcoar, county Bathurst, with marcasite and common
pyrites; Gulgong, county Phillip. Auriferous mispickel with iron pyrites, in grey steatite,
and with talc, at Peelwood, county Roxburgh.
At Oumie, payable quantities of gold and silver occur in mispickel. Occasionally the
mispickel is exceedingly rich in gold, as at Lucknow.
LoLLiNQiTE. — Leucopyrites.
Chem. comp. : Iron arsenide = FeAsj ; arsenic, 72'8 ; iron, 27 '2.
Louisa Creek, county of Wellington, and near Gundagai, in small but well formed
crystals.
Realgar.
Chem. comp. : Arsenic sulphide AsS ; As. 70*1, S. 29*9 = 100.
Oblique system. Orange red, translucent. Louisa Creek, county Wellington.
Pharmacolite.
Chem. comp. : A hydrated calcium arseniate, H3CaAs04, 5 HjO.
On Louisa Creek. In large imperfect crystals, dark-grey colour, coated with white and
yellow incrustations in part
Antimony.
Native Antimony.
I can find no authentic record of the occurrence of native metallic antimony in New South
Wales, although I believe it has been met with in New England and elsewhere.
Antimonite — Stibnite — ^Antimony Glance.
Chem. comp. : Antimony sulphide = SbjSa ; Sb = 71 -8 ; S = 28*2 = 100.
This ore is met with in the massive state in mineral veins, and occasionally in rolled
masses ; well formed crystals appear to be rare.
At times the cleavage planes are particularly large and brilliant, at others the structure
is more compact and granular.
It occurs on the Clarence and Paterson Rivers, the mineral is found in masses of large
size, and showing broad, well-defined, stri&ted, cleavage planes, portions of the surface usually
being incrusted with a yellow coating of cervantite, an oxide of antimony = SbOi.
A specimen of antimonite from Pyramul, county Wellington. In splendid massive blocks,
showing well-developed striated cleavage planes. Exterior coated with the yellow coloured oxide
of antimony. (SbOi) gave
Metallic antimony ^ 67*74
Gold traces
Silver traces
102
tin-stone are seen didl^^^midtfte^ through large and well-formed transparent quartz crystala At
the former pjajf^e the? quartz 'crystals in which it occurs often weigh nearly a hundredweight. A
ypin of tin*st^nte 1 inch tliick was being worked near Bungonia in 1870.
-. . - ". Mr. Clarke mentions having found tin-stone pseudomorphous after felspar crystals in
Ndw England, corresponding to those from St. Agnes Mine, Cornwall.
Tin-stone occurs in association with quartz, mica, orthoclase felspar, molybdenite, flnox
spar, usually of pale shades of purple and green, a yellow steatitic mineral, garnet, beryl, topaz,
the matrix of the tin-stone is sometimes in places composed solely of topaz ; malachite, copper
and iron pyrites, mispickel, tourmaline or schorl ; with garnets, wolfram, and radiated groups
of schorl crystals at Giant's Den, Bendemeer. I have not seen wolfram in the same veins, but
in other veins almost in juxtaposition. It is interesting to note that nearly all the minerals
found associated with tin-stone in Cornwall, Germany, France, America, and elsewhere have
been met with this mineral in New South Wales.*
Tin lodes or veins occur at Mowembah, in the Maneero District; in the Inverell
District ; Mole Table land ; the Gulf ; the Grampian District ; rich lodes are said to exist at
Hose Valley, Silent Grove, about 30 miles to the N.E. of Vegetable Creo!: ; near Eremeran, in
granite, county of Blaxland. Vein tin is also reported to occur in quarries at Billabong, near
Wagga Wagga.
Wood tin occurs in veins at Glen Creek, county Gough.
Alluvial tin deposits. — There are t^vo distinct sets of tin drifts, an older and newer ; the
former are generally much more compact and are often cemented together into a hard con-
glomerate, usually so hard as to require stamping. The tin-stone is also much rounded and
water-worn ; whereas the tin-stone in the newer drift is bright, and has undergone but little
attrition. Some of the fragments or pebbles of rolled tin-stone weigh many pounds, notably
on the Butchart Tin-mine.
A specimen of dark-coloured, almost black stream tin-stone from the Jupiter Mine, Veget-
able Greek, county Grough, New England, gave the following results : —
Analysis,
Stannic oxide (SnO,) 89'92
Titanic acid (TiOa) '69
Alumina 6*76
Silica -80
Iron sesquioxide 2'30
100-46
Specific gravity, 6 '629.
The minerals found associated with the stream tin are much the same as those found with
it in situ ; but in addition we find gold in small quantities, diamonds, sapphire, zircon, pleonaste,
topaz often of large size, bismuthite, rutile, and other minerals of high specific gravity.
Boiled wood tin of a grey and black colour, at Abingdon ; also at Grenfell and Lambing
Flat, county Monteagle, with extremely well-marked concentric and radiate structure, composed
of red, brown, and black bands, other fragments are made up of alternate light and dark-grey
bands; with diamonds near Mudgee and Bathurst; at Tumberumba, 10 or 12 miles from
Kiandra, with gold, in the granite. The variety known as Toad's-eye tin is also met with here
and on the Grampian Hills.
Localities. — In the county of Hardinge, at Bundarra; the Severn; Paradise, Swan, Auburn
Vale, Coi)e's, Sandy, Moredun, Honey's, and Honeysuckle Creeks, and Kentucky Ponds; at
Fairfield and Lunatic ; in the county of Murchison, at Bingera, the Gwydir River, Rocky River,
and the Myall, Reedy, and Bald Rock Ci-eeks ; in the county of Wallace, at Adaminaby ; in the
county of Buller, at Undercliff, Bookookoorara, and in the Maryland, Herding, and Boonoo
Boonoo Creeks ; at Tea Tree Creek, in the county of Clarence ; in the county of Gresham, on the
Mitchell, Henry, and Ann Rivers ; on Gordon's Creek, in the county of Richmond; in the
county of Gough, at Ranger's Valley, on the Severn, Macintyre, and Yarrow Rivers, Stockyard,
•
See Btades synthdtiques de Q^logie Exp^rixnentale, Prof. A. Daubr^, p. 30, et seq. Paris, 1879.
108
Glen, and Middle Creeks ; at Kingsgate ; in the county of Darling, on the Mangahra, Tiabundie
and Mount Lowry Creeks ; in the county of Clarke at Mount Mitchell and Oban and the Sara
River; the Warialda Creek, county of Burnett; in the county of Roxburg, at Sheep Station Creek,
and Turon River; at Spring Creek, county Wellington; at Uralla, county Sandon; in the county
of Inglis, on Carlyle Creek, and Bendemeer, in greisen ; in the county of Clive, at Deepwater,
Mole River and Sandy mount ; in the county of Buckland, at Quirindi and Carroll's Creek ; on
the Shoalhaven, county St. Vincent; at Long Gully and Spring Creek, county Argyle; at
Burra Creek, county Selwyn ; Dabarra, county Buccleuch ; Jingellic Creek, county Groulbum ;
PuUitop Creek, county Mitchell ; Mowembah, in quartz associated with chalcedony, and kt
Blair Hill, Yarra Creek. Alluvial tin deposits, covered by 60 or 70 feet of basalt, are worked
in Swinton parish, county of Hardinge.
Grey stream tin found at Manners Creek, Tumberumba, near Kiandra, and at Attunga,
near Albury ; it is also said to occur in the belt of dry country between the Lachlan and Bogan
Rivers, commencing at about 100 miles N.W. of Forbes. The same district is said to be
rich in gold, copper, and iron ; at Boona West, county Blaxland, and Jumble Plains.
The stanniferous area in New South Wales estimated at 5 J millions acres, or 8,600
square miles.
Up to the present, most of the tin has been obtained from the New England District.
Return showing the quantity and value of tin produced in the Colony of New South
Wales (Anrvual Report of the Mining Department^ Sydney) : —
fear. QuBDtlty. Value.
Tons. £
1872 ; 896 47,703
1873 4,671 384,436
1874 6,219 484,322
1875 8,080 561,311
1876 : 6,958 439,638
1877 8,054 608,540
1878 7,210 395,822
1879 5,921 372,349
1880 6,159 471,337
1881 8,200 724,003
Total 62,268 4,339,461
Titanium.
RUTILE.
Chem. comp. : Titanic acid = Ti02. Crystallizes in the tetragonal system, usually in prisms.
Up to the present time I have only found it in the form of fragments of crystals with striated
surfaces, or in rounded grains of a hair-brown colour. It is found with the gem sand at
Bald Hill near Bathurst and at Uralla.
BrookUe, — Which is an allotrbpic form of titanic acid, crystallizing in flattened forms
belonging to the rhombic system, has also been found in New South Wales, at Burrandong, in
water-worn, imperfectly crystallized, striated plates, of a dark red-brown colour, with metallic
lustre, but of a bright red colour by transmitted light.
In the diamond drift near Mudgee as flat, transparent, red and translucent reddish-white
plates, with striated surfaces. H = 6, and sp. gr. = 4 '13. Chem. comp. : pure titanic acid,
except a minute trace of iron oxide. — Dr. A. M. Thompson, Jour. Royal Society of N.S»W.,
1870, p. 102.
Anatase. — A third allotropic form of titanic acid, crystallizing in tetragonal pyramids.
This has been found at the dry diggings of Burrandong. Some fairly good crystallized speci-
mens have been found in the Cudgegong River, county Phillip.
Sphene.
A calcium silico-titanate. I have met with but one well crystallized specimen, of a green
oolour ; the locality in New South Wales from which it came is uncertain.
104
Tungsten.
Wolfram.
OHenL comp. : Iron and Manganese tungstate = (FeMn)W04. It is found in rolled masses
in association with tinstone in many parts of New England. It is also found in situ in the
quartz veins on Elsmore and Newstead Mines, on Glen Creek, county Gough, and other places,
in the usual form of imperfectly developed tabular crystals. It is commonly accompanied by iron
pyrites.
A specimen found in quartz veins with tinstone, Inverell, county Gough, of the usual
bronzy-black colour ; sub-metallic lustre ; opaque ; lamellar structure, with only traces of crystal
faces, had the following composition : —
Analysis,
Tungstio acid 77*640
Iron protoxide 18*760
Manganese 4*121
100*521
SCHEfiLITE.
Calcium tungstate = CaWOi- Crystallizes in the pyramidal system. Occurs in New
England and at Adelong.
A specimen from the Victona Reef Gold mine, Adelong, county Wynyard, was massive,
but with a portion of a crystal showing on one side, of an amber colour, translucent^ resinous
lustre, brittle, splintery fracture.
Hardness, 4-5 ; specific gravity, 6*097. Associated with a dark-green chloritic vein
stu£
The following analysis was kindly made for me by Dr. Helms : —
Ancdf/sis,
Loss at red heat *25
Tungsticacid i 79*53
Lime 19*14
Alumina ...." *58
Magnesia *07
99*57
The above results correspond to the formida CaWO^.
Iron.
Native Iron.
Out of a large number of specimens of so called native iron which have come before me
from time to time, not one was entitled to be so-called ; they had all without exception been
derived from iron or steel toola
Native iron, apart from that derived from meteorites, however, probably does occur in
the Colony, and it is most likely to be found in or near to igneous rocks, e,g,, melted globules
of native iron have been met with at Ballarat in Victoria in connection with basalt.
Magnetite. — Magnetic Iron Ore.
Chem. comp. : Iron Oxide = Fefi^, Iron, 72*4 ; oxygen, 27*6 = 100. Cubical system.
This, is the richest of all the ores of iron, and when perfectly pure it only contains rather
more than 72 per cent, of metallic iron ; hence the absurdity of the statement so commonly made
by the promoters of Mining Companies that the iron ores on a certain property contain over
90 per cent, of metal will be at once apparent ; and, moreover, it is a very rare thing indeed
for largo masses of any ore to be quite pure, therefore, instead of the amount of metal in the
vaunted mineral even approaching to the alleged richness it falls far below it, and most probably
it is much nearer to 40 than to 90 per cent.
106
It IB found in the Oolony both massiye and crystallized in ootohedra, whioh af6 tunially
smalL In struoture it varies, being compact, granular, or lamellar.
Large deposits of magnetite exist at Wallerawang, county Cook ; Mount Lambie, with
micaoeoaB hfematite^ in a chloritic matrix ; Mount Wingen, county Brisbane ; Solferino,
county Drake, in quartz veins ; Grafton, with copper ores ; on the Clarence and the Shoal-
haven £iver&
The following extracts are from a paper read before the Royal Society of New South
Wales 5—
'* The deposits of iron ore at present opened out are situated some 6 miles from Wallera-
wang, and near the junction of the coal measures with the Upper Silurian or Devonian beds,
whidi there crop out to the surfaca These deposits contain two varieties of iron ore, viz. —
magnetite or the magnetic oxide of iron, and brown haematite or goethite — ^the hydrated oxide ;
then in addition to these there are deposits of the so-called " clay band," which are interstrati-
fied with the coal measures. These clay bands are not what are usually known as clay iron ores
in England. They are brown haematites, or limonite, while the English clay iron ores are
impure carbonates of iron, which seldom contain much more than 30 per cent, metallic iron,
against some 50 per cent, contained by these haematites.
« A highly ferruginous variety of garnet accompanies the veins of magnetite ; this garnet
is very rich in iron, and it will probably be found advantageous to smelt it with the other ores,
not only on account of the large percentage of metal which it contains, but also on account of
the increased fluidity which it would impart to the slag."
" Magnetite, — ^The vein of magnetic iron ore runs apparently N.E. by S.W. This can
only be stated approximately, for, owing to the action exercised by it on the needle, the compass
was found to be perfectly useless in the vicinity of the lode.
<' The ore is scattered over the ground in blocks and nodules along its outcrop ; but at a
little depth it is in a solid and compact body, merely broken across here and there into large
masses by joints and fissures.
*^ In one part the vein has a width of thirteen (13) feet ; but at another spot, where a
trench was cut across, it was there found to be not less than 24 feet in width.
*' Two shafts have been sunk on this vein — one to a depth of 10 and the other to a depth
of 23 feet At these depths the quality of the ore is about the same as that at the surface ; but
certain portions of the vein are evidently richer than othera
'*At present the average yield of metallic iron from the vein, as a whole, is not rich for a
magnetite, which, when perfectly pure, pontains 72*41 per cent, of iron, and under ordinary
circumstances about 70 per cent., whereas the Wallerawang vein yields only 40 '89 per cent
« « «♦ « «««♦
<< Thifl average was obtained by taking samples from different parts, across the whole
ATidth of the trench cut across the vein, and then crushing them all up together. As I have
before mentioned, picked portions yield a much larger percentage.
" On the whole, taking all the circumstances into consideration, we may come to the con-
clusion that the true capabilities of the deposit of magnetite have not yet been fully tested or
proved.
"The vein stuff or gangue accompanying the magnetic iron ore is silicious. In some parts
of the lode this appears to be replaced by the ferruginous garnet rock.
" A partial analysis this ore yielded the following results : —
Silica and inaolttble matter 18*70 per cent.
Metalliciron 40*89 „
PhoBphorus Traces.
Snlpnur Traces.
'' Both the phosphorus and the sulphur are present in such minute quantities that the ore
may be regarded as virtually free from them ; and these are the only really deleterious substances
present, for although there is too large a quantity of silica and gangue present in this superficial
portion of the vein to permit of malleable iron being made from it by a direct prooess^ it is
extremely well adapted for reduction in the blast furnace.
o
106
" OamU, — ^The garnet occurs both crystallized, in the form of the rhombic dodekahedron,
and in the massive state. The crystals are, as is usually the case, y&tj uniform in size ; they
are nearly all of them either about | or ^ of an inch in diameter.
*' The faces of the crystals are smooth, free from pits and irregularities, and bounded by
sharp and well-defined edges. The colour is brown without any red shade.
'' Portions of the massive garnet and aggregations of crystals are hard and compact^ whilst
in other parts they are more or less disintegrated and friable.
"The average percentage of metallic iron is 21*05 — an amount not much less than that
contained by many commonly smelted ores." *
The following analyses were made upon an intimate mixture of the two minerals as they
occur in specimens collected by myself in 1874. f
Analysis,
Water lost at 100" -30
,, combined 1'63
SiUca 16-23
„ soluble 2*61
Alumina 1*35
'T J^*Sfi^de-::.;:;;:;;:;:;:;::;:;;;;.::::::::;;.: l-fl i - «-87% -wi^o ir«n
Manganese protoxide 2*99
Lime 14-28
Magnesia *62
Sulphur traces
Phosphoric acid traces
Carbonic acid -54
Loss : -09
10000
The finely divided ore was then separated by means of a magnet, the magnetic and non-
magnetic parts being examined separately.
The portion removed by the magnet amounted to 56 per cent, but as will be seen by the
following analyses it was found impossible by this means to obtain the magnetite quite free from
the vein stuff
Analysis,
Magnotic. Noa-magnetic.
Water lost at 100" C -26 ^
„ oombined 1*69 1*14
SUica 8-61 28-66
„ soluble -65 3*88
Alumina 1*97 1-13
Lx)n protoxide \ 6-91 -56
„ sesquioxide 70-47 36-91
Manganese protoxide 2*39 1*62
Zinc-nickel, traces of -13
Lime '. 6*96 24-44
Magnesia '20 100
Phosphoric acid traces
Sulphur traces
CarDonic acid .., absent 1.66
100-24 100*21
The non-magnetic part thus answers to the general formula for the iron-lime-gamet,
3 CaO,2 SiO, + Fe^Oa, SiO,.
♦ See also ** Iron and Coal Deposits, Wallerawanc." A. Liversidce, Jour, Roy, 8oc,, N,S. W,, 1874,
t New South Wales Minerals. A. Liversidge, ^ur, Roy, Soc, qfj^-S, Tf., 1S80,
107
Mr. Dixon has also made an examination of later specimens of the magnetic orOy with
the following results (Annual Report oftlie Department o/MineSf Sydney, 1880 J : —
Analysis,
Water 2-16
fS^^"o^V-::::::::::::::::::;:::::::::;::::;::::::;:;:;::: 1^9 1 -*»^« ««». «-73-
Manganese traces
Alumina 2-76
fcdi*;£;iid;im:::::;:;:::;:::::^ lo'es I *^ ^"^^ ""^s;
Magnesia *41
Phosphorip oxide trace
Snlpnur none
Silica -. 6-70
99*45
He found the composition of the garnet rock or vein stuff associated with the magnetite
to be as follows: —
Anaiysis.
Water 4-55
Ferric oxide 23*14
Alumina 4'31
lime 4-25
Magnesia traces
Phorohoric oxide none
Snlpnur nonie
Ferric oxide 20-77 \
^f^ ; ; ; 7;^[msolubleinacid,66-59.
siUca !!;!!;!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!;!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!""!!! 34-22 )
soluble in acid, 31*70.
99*84
Metalliciron 30-73
A lamellar magnetite of good quality occurs in quartz at Oarooar associated with
iridescent botryoidal brown haematite, and at Combullanarang with copper ores.
It is also found at Inverary Quarry, county Argyle, where Stutchbury mentions that it
occurs in the pisolitic form, associated with a black non-magnetic ore in rounded particles the
size of peas, and cemented together by a variety of ciystallized minerals. Crystallized and com-
pact magnetite occurs near the limestone quarries on Belubula Creek, county Bathurst.
Bounded and polished nodules of magnetic iron ore occur in the Lachlan Biver with ilmenite ;
it is also found in nearly all the gold and gem bearing drifts and deposits.
Deposits of magnetite are said to exist between the Began and Lachlan Biyers, about '
100 miles N.W. of Forbes; on Jugiong Creek, near Wellington and Binalong, county Harden,
associated with malachite ; between Cooyal and Warrabil Springs, county Phillip, associated
with brown hematite ; Bocky Biver ; Barraba, county Darling, with chrome iron ; massive
magnetite with a granular structure at Bogolong ; on Clear Creek, Peel Biver, county Pany,
containing both gold and silver, — one sample yielded 2 dwts. 5 grains per ton of the two metals.
CAnnual-Iieport of the Mining Department, Sydney, 1878, p. 11.) Also found 10 miles from
Cowra, on the Grenfell Boad, county Forbes ; at Burra Burra, Pai-kes District, county Ash- ^
bumham ; Mitchell's Creek, county Boxburgh ; and at Brown's Creek, near Carcoar, county
Bathurst ; with zircons at Talbragar, county Bligh. Magnetite in the form of small grains and
crystals is common in the creeks in basaltic districts.
HiEHATiTE. — Bed Haematite, Specular Iron.
Chem. comp. : Iron oxide Fcj O^. Iron, 70 ; oxygen, 30 = 100.
Hexagonal system, in rhombohedral form& Usually massive, platy, or micaceous.
Well-formed crystals are at present almost unknown here. Specular iron ore occurs in a coarse-
grained granite at Summer's Hill, near Bathurst, and at Mount Lambie ; also at Bookham,
oouiilj Harden, and Yass, county King, with micaceous and massive red haematite ; micaceous
hnmatite also occurs at Pine Bone Credc, with titaniferous iron.
108
^' Spetukifr HtxmatUe was found at Carwary in the ShoalhaTen District in i^lmndaiioe ; near
the spot was a vein of ironstone of a fused appearance ; a quartzose ferruginous oonglomtnute,
and a calcareous tuff containing fragments of these rocks." — Mitchell* s Eastern AustrcMoy Vol
Il.f p. S21, Also found at Carwell ; micaceous haematite at Boro, in the county of Murray ;
parish of Ponsonby, near Bathurst ; between Myloitt and Bookham, in the Tass District ;
O'Connell Plains, in the county of Westmoreland, and in the New England District Specular
iron also occurs at Tumut, county Buccleugh.
Of the heematite near Carcoar, the late Mr. Stutchbury speaks as follows : — *^ In a gully
or creek called the Waterfall Creek, running into the Cardiangullong Creek, and at the
extremity of a mountain * spur known as the Rocky Bidge, there is .an immense mass of
oxydulous iron (haematite) forming in one solid mass a precipitous waterfall of about 60 feet m
height ; in this mass of iron, especially in the joints^ Uiere are brilliant crystals of iron pyrites,
witi^ a small quantity of yellow copper ore and traces of blue and green carbonate of copper.
Here also is found iron sulphate, itom the decomposition of the pyrites.
In the clifis at Shepherd's Hill, Newcastle, there are trunks of trees converted into red
haematite.
Large deposits of massive and somewhat ochry red haematite occur at Brisbane Water,
also over ku^e areas in the county of Argyla This same mineral enters largely also into the
composition of the so-called ''red hills" occurring in the New England Tin Districts and other
parts. A silicious red haematite is also common in the Hawkesbury sandstone, about Sydney,
and elsewhere, in irregular deposits, filling veins, crevices, and joints^ also as oonoretionary masses
and nodules. Is often more or less mixed with sand and other impurities.
The following analysis was made upon a specimen collected in the neighbourhood of Sydney: —
Specific gravity, 4*49.
AnaJ/yais,
Water lost at 104" -646
SiUca 4-210
Alumina '713
Iron sesquioxide 00*066
,, protoxide 3-632
Manganese trace
Lime —
Magnesia —
Sulphur —
Phosphoric acid absent
Loss -244
100-000
The above results show the specimen to be an extremely good iron ore.
One of the nodules used for gravelling garden walks about Sydney contained 28*0 per
cent, of metallic iron, and one of the compact red haematite from Nattai gave 45 per oent.
GoETHiTE. — Brown Haematite.
Chem. cdmp. : Hydrated sesquioxide of Iron = FesOsySHjO. Iron sesquioxide, 89*9;
water, 10-1 = 100. Crystallizes in the rhombic system.
Generally massive, or with fibrous radiate structure, minute velvety crystals are some-
times met with ; also scaly, mammillated, pisolitic, renif orm, and stalactitic.
Externally the colour is often jet-black with high lustre ; within yellow, yellowish-brown,
and full-brown. Streak, brown.
Many of the nodules of brown haematite contain cavities and hollows holding a soft black
substance like manganese dioxide, which hardens on exposure.
Very large and extensive irregular deposits and pockets of brown haematite occur at
WalleFawang, Blackheath, Newbridge, and Lithgow Valley in the county of Cook ; Jamberoo,
Nattai, Berrima, Mount Keira, Mittageng, and Broughton Vale in the county of Oamden;
Fort Hacking, county of Cumberland ; near Gundagai ; Mount Tellulla ; Newbridge or
Bade Greek near Blayney, county of Bathurst; deposits of this ore are being worked and
smelted at Lithgow ; near Cooyal, county of Phillip ; 8 miles from Jervia Bay, oo«nty ol Bt
100
YiaoMit j Bnrra Bturra, county of Aahbnmham ; Narmndera, countj of Oooper ; 50 mileB west
of Forbes, Lachlan Biver ; Narellan Creek, county of Monteagle ; Scone, county of Bnsbana ;
near West Maitland ; in the Coal Ranges, Clarence Biver ; at Tarn worth, county of Inglis ;
between the Lachlan and Bogan Kivers ; and in many other places such as between Mount
Tomah and Mount King George. In fact this mineral is one of the most widely diffused.
Between Cooyal and Warrigal Springs, a wide yein of brown haematite is reported with mag-
netite. Pseudomorphous crystals of iron pyrites changed into brown htematite occur at CarweU.
A specimen of brown haematite from Manly Beach, near Sydney, possessed a somewhat
laminated and concentric structure, with small vesicular cavities, many of which were filled
with white and yellow clay-like substances. On partial analysis it gave the following results : —
Water, hygroscopic... 1*600
H combixiea 18*790
SilieA and insoluble matter 12*660
Setquioxide of iioQ 60*720
Phosphorus .- traces
Sulphur ^„ -Of^
Undetermined 11*175
100*000
The 60*720 per cent of sesquioxide of iron is equal to 42*504 of metallic iron. The
undetermined constituents were chiefly alumina, lime, &c The amounts of sulphur and phos-
phorus are small, so that the mineral is adapted for use as an ore of iron.
A partial analysis of a nodular specimen of brown haematite, from Wallerawsing, yielded
the following results : —
Water, hygn>8copic 1*28
,, combined 12*04
Bilida and insoluble matter 12*19
Sesquioxide of iron 73*60= 51 "2 per cent. metalUo iron.
Phoephorus .' '12
Sulphur -06
Unaetermined '71
100*00
A massive specimen, but somewhat vesicular in places, from the neighbourhood of Jamberoo,
dark brown to pitdiy black colour, brown streak, was found to have the following composition :^-
Specific gravity, 3-52.
Analyiut.
Water lost at 105" C 1*335
,, combined ' 11'872
Iron sesquioxide 77*155
Alumina 1*232
ICanganeae , , '428
lime , , '257
Magnesia , trace
Silioa 8*607
•^i^
100*78aL
Massive brown haematite fn»n Uralla found with ihe titaniferous iron ore.
Specific gravity, 3-611.
AncUyais.
Water lost at 100' C 1*787
„ combined, by difference 10*652
SiKca 8-782
Alumina '159
Iron protoxide **5C6
„ sesquioxide 77*132
lidQuiganese protoxide -040
lime ««2
Magnesia traces
110
The next three analyses are by Mr. W. A. Dixon (AnnucU Bepart of the Miming DeparU
ment, Sidney, ISSO):—
Brown Haematite from Qosford, Brisbane Water : —
Analysis,
Ko. 1
Water 10'73
Ferric oxide : 60*99
Alnmina. , •g2
lime traces
Magnesia *4l
Phosphoric oxide "OS
Sulpnor % traces
Alamina 1-84 8-66
Silica 26-10 46-44
Ko.2
7-39
41-24
171
99-92
100*46
Brown Hsemat^ firom WaUerawang. Specifie gravity, 3*572.
Analysis,
Water 16*25 -j
Carbonic acid traces
Ferric oxide , 76-52
Ferrous oxide 1*01
Manganese oxide traces
Alumina *97
Lime -19
Magnesia -21
Phosphoric oxide -. '38
Sulphur -03 J
Alumina 2*11 1
Ferrous oxide traces > Insoluble in acid, 6*36
Silica 4*25\
-Soluble in add, 98-66
99-92
Metallic iton 52*66
Stalactites of hsematite are often formed by the ferruginous springs found over the Coal
Measures, as at Berrima and Nattai, county Camden, and elsewhere, and the deposits of brown
iron from these often contain beautiful impressions of leaves and other objects ; also in
botryoidal and mammillated forms, with a well-marked concentric structure.
Brown haematite is common on the Bingera Diamond-fields in the form of small con-
cretionary nodules, some of which ai*e as spherical as marbles, in other cases they are more or
less elongated ; or two or three of the globular forms may be joined together. Some possess a
curiously wrinkled or corrugated surface, but most are quite smooth but not polished, the
material being rather soft On breaking them open they are seen to have traces of a concentric
structure ; the outer portions occasionally present indications of a I'adiate fibrous structure also.
The hydrated oxide of iron seems to have been originally diffused through an impure carbonate
of lime and magnesia ; and afterwards to have segregated together into these concretionary
forms ; oooasionidly the nodules are met with enclosed in the matrix of impure magnesite.
Hardness, 3-4 ; specific gravity, 3-52. The streak or powder is yellow.
Analysis,
Water lost at 106'....
„ combined
SiUca. .,
A l^in iT ^ft , ,
Iron sesquioxide
Manganese protxoide
lime
Magn<
Loss
Similar ooncretiona have been found on the Oudgegong.
3173
7-304
6*819
-634
81-877
•561
-603
traces
•129
100*000
HI
Limoniie. — A variety of brown hematite. ExtensiYe depocdts of what are termed
day band iron ores occur interbedded with the Coal Measures. These are an earthy yariety of
brown hematite ; yet they are often very rich, and as they occur in immense quantities in close
association with coal, they form a most valuable -source of iron.
The partial analysis of a specimen from Wallerawang* yielded the following results : —
Water, hygroscopic 1*28
„ combined 3*54
SiUca and insoluble matter 4'60
Sesqoiozide of iron 80'00= 56 per cent, metallic iron.
Phosphorus '49
Sulphur •!!
Undetermined constituents 9*98
lOO-OO
The following specimen was taken from the outcrop of the uppermost seam at
Wallerawang, and had probably been subjected to bush fires, since the proportion of water is
hx less than is required ; and moreover the mineral contains a trace of magnetic iron, and
yields a dark chocolate powder instead of the usual yellow-coloured one : —
Analysis,
Water lost at 100' r. 1-31
„ combined 4*17
Insoluble silica 3'63
Soluble „ -51
Alumina ■ 2*13
Manganese protoxide 1*60
^ «»qnioxid'e :::::::::::::::::::::::::;:::::::::: ssl ! = «>•"% "«t^'« '~°-
Lime * •36
Magnesia '29
Sulphur -04
Phosphoric acid traces
99-87
Specimens from two other similar deposits, in the same locality, were examined and
found to be composed as follows : —
Analysis,
Water lost at 100' C. 1-36
„ combined 10*29
SiUca 3*66
,, soluble •07
Alumina « 1-38
'r^.2?u^ride:::::::::::::::::::;:::::::::::::::::::::: rale! = »•«>% "^t^^ •«>"•
Manganese protoxide 2*43
lime '65
Magnesia '14
Phosphoric acid traces
Sulphur traces
99-60
* See also "Iron and Coal Deposits at Wallerawang/' by A. Lirersidge, Jour, Rcy, 8oe, N,8, IT., 1874.
64-40% metallio inm.
112
Watwf lost at 10(f C -97
„ combined '. lOifl
SiHca , .-. 8-84
,, soluble '27
AlnmiTin. 1'20
Inm protoxide * *46 |
,, seequioxide 77*29 (
Manganese protoxide *76
Lime '19
Magnesia *1^
Phosphoms traces
Snlpnor traces
99*83
Other specimens from these seams in the same locality yielded 49*28 and 53*31 per cent,
of metallic iron respectively.
Limonite, or " clay band ore,'' occurs at Eskbank, interbedded with the coal mealRira )
in maaaes of an irregular cuboidal form, containing cavities, closely answering in shape to the
external form ; in some instances these cavities are more or less completely filled wiUi yellow
ochre. A partial analysis of such a specimen yielded the following results : —
Water, hygroscopic ^... 1*730
„ combined 13*660
Silica and insoluble matter 13*520
Sesquioxide of iron 66*820
Phosphorus
spi
Sulphur '192
Undetermined 4*678
100-000
The 66*320 per cent of sesquioxide of iron is equal to 46*424 per cent, of metallic iron.
The following clay band iron ore from Jamberoo ; of a dark reddish brown colour ;
shows how very much some of these "clay band" ores vary. Has a somewhat laminated
structure ; breaks with a flat conchoidal fracture, with dull earthy surfaces.
Specific gravity, 2*73.
AncUyna*
Water lost at 105' C .* 1'452
„ combined 11*000
Silica and insoluble matter 57*258
Alumina 16*070
Iron sesquioxide 18*019
„ protoxide 1*266
Manganese *257
lime *168
Magnesia traces
Phosphoric acid traces
Sulphur absent
Loss -681
100*000
The following analysis of " clay band," from Wallerawang, is by Mr. Dixon. It had a
curious concretionary structure, containing numerous cavities filled with yellow ochre in some
cases ; in others with a dark grey matter scarcely soluble in acid.
Specific gravity, 3*255.
113
Analysis,
Water, with traces of organic matter 12'00^
Ferric oxide 59*87
Ferrous oxide 2*26
Manganese oxide traces
Alumina '51
lime '16
Magnesia '17
Phosphoric acid '44
Sulphur -04.
Alumina 7*45 i
Ferrous oxide traces > Insoluble in acid, 24*66.
Silica 17-21 )
Soluble in acid, 75*45.
10011
Metallic iron 43.5
Similar clay bands exist in the Buttar Ranges, near to East Maitland ; at Mount Wingen,
county Brisbane ; at Mount Lambie in the Coal Measures, where both magnetite and micaceous
hffimatite also occur ; and elsewhere.
Large outcrops of limonite occur at Lithgow and Bowenfels ; also in the lUawarra District
at BuUi, where it is said to have a thickness of 20 feet Assays of this, made at the Boyal
Mint) Sydney Branch, yielded 32-9, 38*9, 44*3, and 55*7 per cent metallic iron.
Pisolitic Iron Ore, — Is another of the less pure forms of haematite.
Large superficial deposits of pisolitic and brecciated iron ore, red and brown, occur near
Bungonia and Windellama Creek, county Argyle, and overlie the slate more or less continuously
between Bungonia, Jacqua Creek (with limestone). Dog Trap, and Spring Creeks, forming what
are known as the " Made Hills" ; also at Windsor. Concretions of ironstone more or less diffused
throughout the shales of Cumberland. A pea-iron ore occurs in the coal at Nattai, county
Camden, and near Bungonia there is an auriferous argillaceous iron ore. At the Boro Creek,
county of Argyle, there is a botryoidal pisolitic ore.
The same variety occurs at Brisbane Water, county Cumberland.
The " Made Hills" which lie between the Macintyre River and Coi>o's Creek are com-
posed of the same material.
Red and Yellow Ochres. — Are closely allied to the above lisematite iron ores, and are
usually found associated with them, but they generally contain more earthy matter.
Spathic Iron Ore. — Chalybite.
SideriUf Siylio&rosiderite,
Chem. comp. : Iron carbonate = FeCOa. Iroi^ oxide, 62-1 ; carbonic acid, 37*9 j = 100.
Crystallizes in the hexagonal system in rhombohedral forms.
Occurs in minute ciystals at Gulgong, county Phillip. It is also found at Newstcad Mine,
New England, with arragonite ; and in amygdaloidal cavities in basalt at Inverell ; in basalt and
conglomerate at Rocky Ridge ; at Jordan's Hill, Cudgegong River, county Wellington ; also in
the Hawkesbury sandstone.
Thick bands of grey-coloured impure carbonate of iron, some of which contain about
10 per cent of metallic iron, occur in the Coal Measures at Jamberoo, coimty Camden; the siderite
is in the form of small particles diffused through a compact grey-coloured argillaceous limestone.
The following analysis was made of the whole to ascertain its value as an ore of iron, as
it was found impossible to separate the particles of siderite.
Specific gravity, 2 '79.
p
114
Water loet at 106*C -082
,, combined 11*922
Silica and insoluble matter 42*292
Alumina 22*837
Iron protoxide 12*870
Manganese protoxide 1*048
Magnesia traces
Potesh soda traces
Phosphoric acid traces
Carbonic „ 7*816
Titanic *716
100*433
Siderite is also said to occur in the neighbourhood of Wentworth.
Chrome Iron. — Chromite.
Chem. comp. : Iron chromate = FeCrO*. Iron oxide, 32*0 ; chromic acid, 68*0 = 100.
Cubical system. — Usually occurs massive, with a granular or lammeUar structure, and
as small crystals and water-worn grains in gold and gem bearing sands. Black in colour.
A specimen of the massive variety of chromate of iron from Woolomi, Tamworth, had
a black colour, and sub-metallic lustre. On certain portions the specimen exhibits curved,
somewhat fluted, polished surfaces, closely resembling the smooth and lustrous surface of a
slickenside.* It may not be out of place to mention that this resemblance to a slickenside is
not at all uncommon in many compact clay deposits, in steatite, serpentine, and other rocks ;
it is also often well shown in many specimens of the mineral noumeaite.
To distinguish this structure from the true slickenside I have proposed the term petcUoidcU^
from the resemblance which the typical examples of such surfaces often roughly bear to the
curved and fluted petals of an unopened flower bud
This specimen contained 64*72 per cent of chromium sesquioxide, and 21*11 per cent of
iron protoxide.
Chrome iron is found in the Gwydir River and many of its tributaries ; in Nundle Creek
and Hanging Hock, county of Parry ; the Horton River ; Two-mile Creek, county Roxburgh ;
Stony Batta, in the county of Hardinge, with serpentine ; in the Bingera, Reedy, Gundamulda,
Kennedy, and Angular Creeks, county of Murchison j at Gulgong and Mudgee, county Phillip ;
Ironbarks, county Wellington ; on the Murrumbidgee River ; near Yass ; Barraba, county Dar-
ling ; near Grafton and Gordon Brook, Clarence River ; with chrome ochre at Uralla, county
Sandon. At Woolomi, 16 miles north of Hanging Rock, on the Peel River, is a large deposit
of chrome iron in serpentine. Chrome iron is usucJly to be expected where serpentine exists.
SCORODITE.
Chem. comp. : An arseniate of iron, FejAsjOg, 4H2O. Arsenic acid, 49*8 ; sesquioxide
of iron, 34*7 ; water, 15*5 = 100.
Rhombic system. — With iron pyrites, Cadell's Reef, Mudgee Road, 9 miles south-east of
Mudgee ; also at Louisa Creek, county Wellington.
Fharmagosiderite.
Chem. comp. : An arseniate of iron. Arsenic acid, 43*13 ; sesquioxide of iron, 40*0 ;
water, 16*87 = 100.
Cubical system. — Found crystallized in small olive-green cubes. Subtranslucent.
Locality. — To the east of Bungonia, county Argyle.
* A slickenside is the smooth polished and striated surface occasionally exhibited by the walls of faults
and slides ; in such cases, however, the pecuUar structure has doubtless been induced by friction accompanied
by intense pressure.
116
YlVlANITK.
A hydrated phosphate of iron. FejP^OgjSHaO. Phosphoric oxide, 28*3 ; iron pro-
toxide, 43-0 ; water, 287 = 100.
Dr. Leibius, of the Royal Mint, Sydney Branch, forwarded for identification a specimen
of this mineral to me in March, 1882, which I believe is the first found in the Colony.
The specimen came from the Nymagee Copper-mine, where it was found associated with
copper pyrites. Externally the fragment is partially surrounded by layers of carbonate of iron
and iron pyrites ; it looks as if the vivianite had crystallized within a kind of geode ; the
mineral is translucent and shows the usual changing green and deep blue tints when viewed from
different positions. No complete crystals were present.
TiTANiPEKOUs Ikon.
Chem. comp. : Iron and tifcanic acid.
There are several different kinds of titaniferous iron, distinguished by their physical
properties and by the amounts of titanic acid which they contain — such as ilmenite, iserine,
menaccanite, &c. Until those found in New South Wales have been examined, it will be as
well, perhaps, to class them all under the general head of titaniferous iron.
Occurs in a quartz vein near Wellington.
Found usually with alluvial gold ; as at Ophir, Mudgee, and Wellington, in the county
of Wellington ; Bathurst ; Bingera, county of Murchison ; and tJralla, county of Sandon, in the
diamond drift. Large rolled masses occur at Uralla. Bmenite, menaccanite, nigrine, and iserine
are said to occur with gold, garnets, and chrysolites in the Five-mile Flat Creek, Cudgegong
River, in the Lachlan and at Talbragar, with magnetite ; also near Wagga Wagga, ooun^ of
Wynyard, and the Rocky River, county of EEardinge.
Nigrine, — Burrandong, county of Wellington. In small grains, for the most part
rounded, but with traces of crystal faces on some of the htigments.
A variety of titaniferous iron ore found in the river deposits, near Uralla, by miners
working for gold ; in the form of black pebbles, with a sub-metallic lustre, was composed as
follows : —
Specific gravity, 4*44.
Ancdyais.
Silica 9-491
Alumina 14*799
Titanic acid 44*606
Metallic iron 23*019
Oxygen 8*185
lime traces
Magnesia traces
100*000
The iron exists in the form of both protoxide and sesquioxide, the former being present
in the larger quantity. As it is difficult to determine accurately the amount of protoxide in a
difficultly soluble mineral such as this, the total iron has been stated as metallic iron, and the
oxygen estimated by difference. The alumina and silica doubtless exist in combination as
silicate.
Ohloropal.
Found in veins in the basalt at Two-mile Flat, near Mudgee. Of a pistachio-green
colour— earthy, somewhat fibrous in parts, looks like a decomposition product. Friable ; the
fracture is splintery to earthy. H. 2-3.
Specific gravity, 1*94. Yields a green powder. Emits an argillaceous odour when
breathed upon. Before the blowpipe blackens, does not fuse, becomes magnetia With hydro-
chloric acid is decomposed, silica being left. Does not gelatinize.
116
Analysis,
Water lost at 105° 12*3ia
„ combined 6*224
SiHca » 49-667
Iron sesquioxide 29*108
Manganese traces
lime 2-606
Magnesia '606
Soda '699
Potash -170
100*186
Iron Pyrites.
Chem. comp. : FeS^. Sulphur, 53*3 ; iron, 46*7 = 100. Crystallizes in the cubical
system. Occurs massive and crystallized, the most common forms being the cube and the
pentagonal dodekahedron. Well-formed cubes, partially decomposed into brown hsematite, are
common in many deposits with gold, and are known to the miners by the name of '^ devil's dice,"
especially in the gem sand at Walker's Crossing, on the Cox Elver, about 1^ miles below
Wallerawang. All specimens of pyrites which I have examined have without exception con-
tained traces of gold, and in some cases large amounts.
As is found to be the case in other parts of the world, this mineral is almost universally
diffused throughout the metalliferous districts of the Colony, and is found in rocks of all ages.
WeU-formed crystals are found in the Manilla and Namoi Kivers, county Darling. In
the tin district of New England it is very common, also in the Bathurst District ; at Gtdgong,
well-formed pentagonal dodecahedra are common in the auriferous quartz veins. Very abundant
in the Adelong reefis, county Wynyard ; the Carcoar District ; at E^iandra, county Wallace,
crystallized in cubes with molybdenite. Well crystallized specimens are said. to occur in a
chlorite schist near GrenfeU. Masses of iron pyrites, or even large crystals, which are super-
fidaUy changed into brown hsematite break with deep conchoidal fractures ; and these fresh
sur&oes possess a very remarkable lustre ; two such specimens bad a specific gravity of 4*975
and 4*990.
MarcasiU. — Rhombic pyrites. Chem. comp. : Iron sulphide = FeS,. The same as the
former, of which it is an allotropic form.
Fluted rhombic crystals occur with arsenical and common pyrites (auriferous) to the
south of Beedy Creek, Shoalhaven River ; also at Carcoar, county Bathurst, with galena and
other minerals.
Pyrrhotine. — Magnetic pyrites.
Chem. comp. : FejSg. Sulphur, 39*5 ; iron, 60*5 = 100.
Hexagonal system.
More of a copper-colour than the other pyrites, slightly magnetic, and crystallizes in six
sided forms.
It occurs with gold and calcite at Hawkins' Hill, county Wellington.
Yenite. — Ilvaite.
Chem. comp. : Double silicate of iron and calcium. Crystallizes in the form of rhombic
prisms.
The late Rev. W. R Clarke reported that he had found drifted pieces on the Tuggerah
Lake beach. As it appeared to be a new variety, he named it, provisionally, Baddeleyite, after
the finder.
117
Hetom showing the quantity and value of iron produced in the Colony of New South
Wales (AnniuU Rtpcrt of the Department of Mines, Sydney) : —
Tear. . Quantity. Value.
Tons. £
1874 16,434 ♦
1876 40 602
1876 2,680 13,2j99
1877 2,600 7,600
1878 900 6,666
1879 1,118 10,660
1880 2,322 16,336
1881 6,660 47,891
Total 16,220 117,367
Manganese.
The ores of manganese do not appear to have been discovered in any great abundance in
New South Wales.
Pykolusite. — Black Oxide of Manganese.
Chem. comp. : MnO^ Crystallizes in the rhombic system, but more usually found
massive. Louisa Creek, county of Wellington ; said to occur in large quantities near Caloola,
county of Bathurst.
Wad. — Asbolite.
An impure oxide of manganese.
At Long Gully, near Bungonia, county Argyle, it is met with having a more or less
botryoidal form and platy structure ; of a black colour ; soft with a black shining streak ; in
association with quartz, both as small veins running through the quartz and as an external
coating or incrustation. A specimen from this locality was found by Dr. Al. M. Thomson to
contain 1*57 per cent of cobalt, and 0*36 per cent of nickeL
The following were examined by Mr. W. A. Dixon, F.LC. {Annual Report of the
Department of Mines, Sydney, 1879) : —
Wad from Trunkey gave on analysis : —
SiUca 25-84
Oxide of iron and traces of alumina 24*72
Oxide of manffanese 34*93
Oxide of cobaltand traces nickel 2*11
Magnesia 1*00
Water 11*16
Alkalies and loss *25
100*00
Samples from Boro, Goulbum District, consisting of oxide of manganese mixed with
quartz, contained : —
Available oxide of manganese (MnOa) 23*27 37*84
Other substances solnble in acid, chiefly oxide of iron 29*33 2276
Quartz 47*40 39*40
100*00 100*00
Another specimen yielded 77*2% of available dioxide and traces of cobalt
* These figures represent the value of iron raiwd prior to the year 1875 ; quantity not known.
118
Mr. M. Pattison Muir, F.R.S.E., gives the following aooount of a Manganese ore from
near Bathurst (Chemical News^ 1877^ p. 6) : — " The sample was greyish black in colour ; when
broken it exhibited an ill-defined crystalline structure, and showed patches of dark brown or
black, intermingled with others of dark steel grey colour.
^' When heated in a small glass tube a coiisidei'able quantity of water was evolved.
" The amount of manganese dioxide was determined by the oxalic acid method of Fresenius
and Will ; the total quantity of manganese was also determined by precipitation with bromine
water, after removal of ferric and aluminic oxides ; the excess of manganese above that required
for the formation of the amount of dioxide found to be present, was calculated to protoxide.
'^ The following are the results of the analysis : —
Manganese dioxide 78*72 per cent.
,, protoxide 306 „
Ferric and luaminic oxides 6*50 ,,
SiUca 6-80 „
Moisture 4*76 „
99-43
'^ If the percentage amoimt of manganese dioxide be calculated on the dried specimen it is
found to amount to 82-21."
It is abundant in the diamond drift near Mudgee, both as a cement and incrustation \
often dendritic in outline. The incrustation on many of the pebbles is evidently quite recent
It is very common as dendritic markings on rocks in many parts of the Colony.
It is found to the north of Katoomba, Grovett's Leap, and other places on the Blue
Mountains ; in fact, it occurs in the Hawkesbury sandstone under similar conditions to the
hsematite, as embedded nodules and loose on the ground ; also at Orange; at Silverdale, Bowning,
and Yass, county Eling; and Mitchell's Creek, county Roxburgh \ in Hall's Creek, Moonbi Bange,
and at Cootamundra, county of Harden.
A peculiar form of wad is found in cavities in the basalt at Hill End ; this variety is
very soft and porous, being composed of minute scales arranged loosely together in a conoentric
matmer — ^in fact, having a structure similar to that of wood ; externally it has somewhat a
frothy appearance, with a metallic lustre, so soft that it blackens the fingers and will hardly
bear handling without crushing.
A massive variety of wad has been sent down in large blocks from the Wellington
District from time to time ; it occurs at Caloola, and on the Ellenborough River in the Walcha
District A large and well defined lode is said to exist at Fairy Meadows, and samples yielded
70 per cent, of available dioxide of manganese.
FsUomelcme occurs in the drift, Three-mile Diggings, Kiandra.
KuPFBRMANGANERZ. — Cuprous manganesa
Chem. comp. : An impure oxide of manganese, containing a small percentage of black
oxide of copper and oxide of cobalt.
Found in the Coombing Copper-mine, with native copper, cuprite, copper carj^nates,
and sulphides.
Braunite.
Chem. comp. : Manganese oxides, and manganese silicata Crystallizes in the pyramidal
system, also massiva At Rylstone, Fort Macquarie and Bongendore, county of Murray ; at
Calooliii near Gnndagai, and in ihe Wellington district
119
A hard compact spediiien, with a yeij minute crystalline straciore ; strikes fire with
steel ; fracture conchoidal ; of a dark iron-grey colour. iVom near Wellington.
Specific gravity, 6*465 ; hardness, 6 '5.
Soluble in hot strong hydrochloric acid, with evolution of chlorine, a residue of white
silica being left.
Anah/aia,
Sihca ll-TTS
Alirniina 4*061
Iron Besqaioxide 3*163
Manganese protoxide 31*516
„ dioxide 50*125
Lime. traces
Magnesia..*: traces
100*683
This mineral is one of unusual hardness and specific gravity for one consisting essentially
of the oxides of manganese. The silica is probably present merely as an impurity in combination
with the iron and alumina.
Manoanblendb. — Alabandite.
Manganese sulphide. — MnS. It is said to have been found at Rylstone.
Iron black in colour, with brown tarnish ; green sti-eak.
Cobalt.
Minerals containing cobalt, except wad and pyrites, do not yet appear to have been found
in New South Wales.
Nickel.
KuPFERNiCKEL. — Copper-nickel.
Chem. comp. : Nickel arsenide = NiAs., Ni = 44*1 : As = 55*9 = 100.
Hexagonal system. — A massive variety, of a copper-red colour, in parts incrusted with
pale green nickel hydrate, is reported from near Bathurst.
Found by the Rev. W. B. Clarke, on the Peel River, and to the south-west of Weare's
Creek. Yellowish white in colour, highly magnetic. Sp. gr. = 8 ; H. = 5*5 ; and dissolving
readily in nitric acid.
Zinc.
ZiNO Blekde.
Chem. comp. : Zinc sulphide = ZnS. Zinc 67*0, sulphur 33*0 = 100. Found massive, and
crystallised in small hemihedral forms belonging to the cubical system. Many of the crystals
have beautiful bronze and purple metallic tints.
With tin, gold, manganese, copper pyrites, galena, and other minerals, on Major's Creek,
near Bungonia, county Argyle. A specimen from the Braidwood District was found to contain
15 dwts. 16 grs. of gold and 11 ozs. 15 dwts. 4 grs. of silver per ton.
With gold, iron, copper pyrites, black oxide of copper, galena, and asbestos, in a quartz
vein, Wiseman's Creek, near Bathurst Orange, Louisa Creek. And with copper ores at Cow
Flat) county Bathurst ; with argentiferous galena and copper pyrites. Sunny Comer, Mitchell's
Creek ; at Winterton with barytes, <kc. ; Adelong, with pyrites ; at Silverdale, near Bowning.
120
Cerium, Lanthanum, and Didymium.
MONAZITE.
The following description and analysis of a specimen of Monazite from Vegetable Creek,
county Gough, is by Mr. W. A. Dixon, F.I.C., of the School of Arts, Sydney : —
Analyses,
Duplicate.
Phosphoric acid 25-09 ) 24'61
Oxide of Cerium 36*64 f
„ Lanthaiium ) ^^^t ^^
„ Diaymmm { w *<* j vvr.w
,, Thorinum 1'23
,-, Manganese « traces
„ Magnesium traces
„ Aluminium 3*11
SiUca 3-21
99-49
Specific gravity, 5*001.
" The mineral was crystalline, but the crystals were broken and ill-defined« one piece, how-
ever, appeared to be a monoclinic prism. Colour, yellowish red, in thin pieces semi-transparent ;
it gave a white streak, showing a hardness about 5* ; it was rather brittle, and gave a yeUowish
powder infusible before the blowpipe.
"The raw mineral was found to bo scarcely acted upon by concentrated hydrochloric acid
even when reduced to an impalpable powder and the action continued for twenty-four hours,
and even after fusion with alkaUne carbonates it was only partly soluble. The method adopted
was to fuse it with three times its weight of carbonate of potassium and sodium, with the addi-
tion of a little nitrate of potassium. The fused mass treated with water gave a solution, in
which silica, alumina, and phosphoric acid were determined, and a voluminous residue. The
residue was heated with concentrated sulphuric acid for some hours, the temperature being
raised at last sufficiently to drive ofT most of the free acid, and then treated with concentrated
hydrochloric acid, which gave a yellow or orange solution, which colour disappeared on dilution.
The cerium metals were precipitated from the solution, which was first nearly neutralized by
ammonia, by oxalate of ammonium ; the oxalates were ignited and weighed, dissolved in hydro-
chloric acid reprecipitated by potash free from sulphate, and chlorine passed into the liquid
until it was fully saturated ; allowed to stand overnight, when the undissolved cerium oxide
was filtered off, redissolved in acid, precipitated as oxalate, ignited and weighed. The solution
containing Lanthanum, Didymium, and Thorinum was boiled to expel the excess of chlorine,
and the last precipitated by sodium thio-sulphate, sulphuric acid being first tested for in
both solution and reagent and found to be absent ; the precipitate was converted into oxalate
and ignited to oxide which was weighed. The percentage of oxide of lanthanum and didymium
was taken as the difference between the weights of the first precipitation and the last two
together, and as there is no satisfactory process for quantitatively separating them it was not
attempted, but it was easily seen that didymium was present in comparatively small quantity.
" I have entered thus closely into the process employed as the mineral appears to be
" Monazite," in which the presence of thorinum has been denied by some who assert that a
sulphate of one of the other metals was mistaken for it. For the formula usually given fof
Monazite (Ce* La* Te*), F the quantities of the oxide found would require 29 per cent, of phos-
phoric oxide, but the close agreement in the two determinations made, both of the acid and oxides,
show that the former is deficient. From the second determination of oxide the amount of
oxygen corresponding to the difference between the ceroso-ceric oxide as weighed, and cerous
oxide has been deducted on the assumption that the precipitate contained the same quantity of
cerium as was found in the first instance.
*' As the formula of Monazite is somewhat uncertain, and as such minerals have of late
yielded new metals in minute quantities, I regret that the quantity at my disposal has prevented
me making a more searching investigation of it" — Annual Report of the Department of Mines^
Sydney, 1881.
PART II.
NON-METALLIC MINERALS.
Class I.
Carbon and Carbonaceous Minerals.
Diamond.
Chem. comp. : Carbon, usually accompanied by a small percentage of ash or mineral
matter. Cubical system. The first mention made of the existence of the diamond in New
South Wales, which I have been able to find, is one by Mr. E. IL Hargraves, who, in his report
dated from the " Wellington Inn," Guyong, on the 2nd July, 1851, refers to some enclosed
specimens of gold, gems, and " a small one of the diamond kind," from Reedy Creek, 16 miles
from Bathurst The next record of the occurrence of the diamond in New South Wales appears
to have been made by the 'Rev, W. B. Clarke, in an appendix to his " Southern Gold-fields,"
published in 1860 ; he records that four were brought to him on September 21st, 1859, which
were obtained from the Macquarie River, near Suttor's Bar ; the crystalline form which they
exhibited was that of the triakis-octohedron or three-faced octohedron, and one of them had a
sp. gr. of 3*40. Another which was received from Burrendong, on December 29th, 1859, had a
sp. gr. of 3*50. One from Fyramul Creek, crystallized in the hexakis or six-faced octohedron,
weighed 9*44 grains, and had a sp. gi*. of 3*49. Another was sent to him in August, 1860,
which had been found in the Calabash Creek by a digger as far back as 1852.
Diamonds were found by the gold diggers on the Cudgegong Diamond-diggings, about
19 miles from Mudgee, in 1867, but were not especially worked until 1869.
The diamonds were obtained from outliers of an old river-drift which had in parts been
protected from denudation by a capping of hard compact basalt. This drift is made up mostly
of boulders and pebbles of quartz, jasper, agate, quartzite, flinty slate, silicified wood, shale,
sandstone, and abundance of coarse sand mixed with more or less clay.
Many of the boulders are remarkable for the peculiar brilliant polish which they possess.
The principal minerals found with the diamond are gold, garnets, wood-tin, brookite, magnetite,
ilmenite, tourmaline, zircon, sapphire, ruby, adamantine spar, barklyite, common corundum and
a peculiar lavender-coloured variety ; quartz, topaz, magnesite and nodules of limonite which
had been set free from an impure magnesite; the chemical composition of similar limonite nodules
from Bingera is given on p. 102 ; black vesicular pleonaste, spinel ruby, and osmo-iridium.
The largest diamond found weighed 16*2 grains, or about 5| carats.
The average sp. gr. was 3*44, and the average weight of a large number of those obtained
was but 0'23 carat. (For further particulars, see paper on the Mudgee Diamond-fields, by
Professor Thomson and Mr. Norman Taylor, in the Tranatictums of the Royal Society of New
South WcUes, 1870, and Geological Magazitie^ London, 1879.) The total number found has been
stated roughly at about 6,000 ; the number also from Bingei*a must be nearly as many — in all
10,000 at least
In colour they vary from colourless and transparent to various shades of straw-yellow,
brown, light-green, and black. One of a rich dark-green was found in the form of a flattened
hemitrope octohedron.
The most common crystalline forms which have been met with are the octohedron, the
hemitrope octohedron, the rhombic dodecahedron, the triakis and hexakis octohedron, but they
are all usually more or less rounded. Tlio . flattened triangular hemitrope crystals are very
common ; one specimen of the deltoidal dodecahedron was met with.
The lustre is usually brilliant or adamantine, but occasionally they have a dull appearance.
This want of lustre is not due to any coating of foreign matter or to the same cause as the
dulnesB of less hard and water-worn crystals, but it is due to the surface being covered with
innumerable edges and angles belonging to the structure of the crystal ; these reflect the light
irr^ralarly at aU angles and give the stone its frosted appearance.
Q
122
The diamonds at Bingera occur under almost exactly the same circumstances as at
Mudgee, and with the same minerals, except that I did not come across either the black
yesicular pleonaste or barklyite.
From a series of determinations made on nineteen of the Bingera diamonds, I obtained
a mean specific gravity of 3*42. ♦
Some other uncut diamonds from unknown localities, but found in New South Wales,
3rielded the following specific gravities : —
Weight Spedflc gravity. Temperatare.
1 diamond, off colour = •2»20 3-4762 at 20' 0.
5 small dark diamonds „ 1*3220 3*5633 >, 18*5 „
6 ,, light coloured diamonds „ 2*2790 3*5278 >, 18*5 „
12 „ „ „ 2*7390 3*5233 „ 175 ,.
8 „ dark „ „ „ 1*4376 3*5166 ,, 17-5 „
Diamonds have also been found at Bald Hill, Hill End, with the same gems as at the
above-mentioned places ; one octohedral crystal, rather flattened, which I examined, weighed
9*6 troy grains, and had a specific gravity of 3*58.
A specimen of " bort" or black diamond was obtained near Bathurst. It is of about the
same size as a large pea, black in colour, with a graphitic or black-lead lustre ; it is very nearly
spherical in form, but has a few slight irregular processes, which seem to be due to an attempt
to assume the form of the hexakis octohedron.
In weight it is 7*352 troy grains, and at 70° F. the specific gravity is 3*56.
Mr. Wilkinson mentions that horn the Bengonover Tin-mine, near the Borah Tin-mine,
several diamonds wero obtained, the largest being 7*5 grains. From the Borah Tin-mine,
situated at the junction of Cope's Creek with the Gwydir, 200 were obtained in a few months ;
out of a batch of eighty-six, averaging 1 carat grain each, the largest weighed 5 *5 grains. Diamonds
have been found on most of tiie alluvial tin workings at Cope's, Kewstead, Vegetable, and
Middle Creeks, also in the Stannif er, Kuby, and the Britannia Tin-mines, and elsewhere in the
district.
Amongst other places the diamond has been found in the gravels of the Gwydir, Turon,
the Abereombie, the Cudgegong, Macquarie, and Shoalhaven Rivers. One was found in August^
1874, in Brook's Creek, Gundaroo, near Goulbum, valued at £3. At Uralla, Oberon, and
Trunkey, they are by no means uncommon ; and I have recently obtained a small hemitrope
octohedron from the Lachlan River weighing 1 *5 grains. They have also been obtained from
diggings on the sea-shore near to Ballina.
Diamonds are found in the gravels under the basalt at Monkey Hill and Sally's Flat,
county of Wellington, just as is the case on the Cudgegong River and at Bingera.
A drift having almost exactly the same characters as those at Bingera and Mudgee occurs
in other districts, as at Wallerawang, and on the Mary River, Queensland — even to the presence
of masses of conglomerate of jasper, quartz, and other pebbles agglutinated together by a ferru-
ginous and manganiferous cement. These masses of hard conglomerate are probably derived
from the Coal Measures.
Graphite. — Plumbago.
Chem. comp. : Carbon. Hexagonal system. Occurs with quartz, iron pyrites, ana pyro-
morphite at the head of the Aberorombie River ; possesses a curved lamellar structura Ocoors
in small radiating masses in the granite at Dundee, in New Valley, and near Tenterfield.
Reported also from Bungonia, but its existence there is doubtful ; also from Pambola,
near Eden, in quartz, the Cordeaux River, near Mt. Keira, and Plumbago Creek, near the junc-
tion of Timbarra Creek, county of Drake.
Small particles are not unconunon in the Hawkesbury Sandstone about Sydney and oiher
places.
Any black clay or other substance which can be made to leave a mark on paper is brought
into Sydney as a sample of a valuable deposit of graphite ; but I have not yet seen, out of many
highly extolled specimens, one fit for even the commonest purpose.
• « Bingera Diamond-fields. "—A. liversidge, Trans. BaycU Soc., N.S, ff., 1873, and Journal qf tU
OeolofficoU Society of London, 1873.
123
l%e following analysis of a black clay shows the composition of one of these reputed
graphites* : —
Cabbonacbous Eabth.
*^ A black, earthy, friable material from near Mudgee ; soils the fingers readily. In parts
it is grey in colour, and here and there an occasional white streak is seen ; falls to powder when
immersed in water.
" Specific gravity, 2 '88.
Analysie.
Hygroscopic moisttire 1*60
Combined water (by difiference) 13'38
SiUca 46-00
Alumina 32*32
Lime absent
Magnesia absent
Potash -17
Soda -13
Carbon 6'40
100-00
^' The mineral, as shown by the above analysis, is essentially a hydrous silicate of aluminium
mixed with a small proportion of carbonaceous matter. The carbonaceous matter is easily
burnt off
« As a fireclay this material would not be of any great value, since it only possesses average
refractory qualities. It should be remarked that it is totally distinct from graphite, the mineral
for which it is often mistaken by miners.''
Coal.
The existence of coal in New South Wales appears to have been discovered in the month
of August, 1797. The following reference is made to its occurrence by Oollins in his account
of the English Colony in New South Wales t : —
" Mr. Clark, the supercargo of {the ' Sydney Cove,' having mentioned that, two days
before he had been met by the people in the fishing boat, he had fallen in with a great quantity
of coal, with which he and his companions had made a large fire and had slept by it during the
night, a whaleboat was sent off to the southward, with Mr. Bass, the surgeon of the ' Beliiuice,'
to discover where an article so valuable was to be met with. He proceeded about 7 leagues to
the southward of Point Solander, where he found in the face of a steep clif^ washed by the sea,
a stratum of coal in breadth about 6 feet, and extending 8 or 9 miles to the southward. Upon
the summit of the high land, and lying on the surface, he observed many patches of coal, from
some of which it must have been that Mr. Clark was so conveniently supplied with fueL He
also found in the skeletons of the mate and carpenter of the ' Sydney Cove' an unequivocal
proof of their having unfortunately perished, as was conjectured.
" By the specimens of the coal which were brought in by Mr. Bass, the quality appeared
to be good ; but horn its almost inaccessible situation, no great advantage could ever be expected
from it, and, indeed, were it even less difficult to be procured, unless some small harbour should
be near it, it could not be of much utility to the settlement."
During the following month of the same year — t.e., in September, 1797^-coal was found
to the north of Sydney. On p. 48 Collins states —
'* Lieutenant Shortland proceeded with a whaleboat as far as Port Stephens. On his
return he entered a river, which he named Hunter Kiver, about 10 leagues to the southward of
Port Stephens, into which he carried 3 fathoms water in the shoalest part of its entrance, finding
deep water and good anchorage within.
* A. Liversidge. — Report of the Mining Department^ Sydnev, 1876, p. 183. t An AeeouiU qf the
JSngUah Colony in New South WcUea, by David Collins, Esq., late Judge Advocate and Secretary to the Colony,
VOL IL, p. 45, London, 1798, 1802. t The *' Sydney Cove" was wrecked on the coast of Tasmania when
on a voyage to Sydney from Bengal
124>
" The entrance of this river was but narrow, and covered by a high rocky island lying
right off it, so as to leave a good passage round the north end of the island between that and
the shore. A reef connects the south part of the island with the south of the entrance of the
river. In this harbour was found a very considerable quantity of coal of a very good sort^ and
lying so near the water side as to be conveniently shipped, which gave it in this particular a
manifest advantage over that discovered to the southward. Some specimens of this ooal were
brought up in the boat."
In 1799 it seems to have become customary to send regularly to the Hunter River for
supplies of coal, and under the heading of April, 1 799, Collins has the following entry in his
journal : —
" Tlie discovery of vast strata of coal must be reckoned among the new lights tlirown
upon the resources of the Colony. The facility that this presents in working the iron ore (some
of this iron ore, which has been smelted in England, has been reported to be equal, if not
superior, to Swedish iron), with which the settlement abounded, must prove of infinite utility
whenever a dockyard shall be established here ; and the time may come when the productions of
the country may not be confine^l within its own sphere."
In the early days of the Colony the Hunter was for some time known as the Coal River.
In September, 1800, another entry records the discovery of coal, although in this case
the seam appears to have been valueless —
" It having been reported that coal had been found upon the banks of George's River, the
Governor visited the place, and on examination found many indications of the existence of coal,
that useful fossil, of which, shortly after, a vein was discovered on the west side of Garden
Island Cove."
The Australian Agricultural Company, formed in 1826, with a capital of £1,000,000
and a free grant of 1,000,000 acres of land, gave the first impetus to the great coal trade now
carrietl on in the Colony. The Charter possessed by the Company conceded to them the sole
right to work the Newcastle coal-beds. This monopoly expired in 1847.
The following account of the coals of New South Wales contains the results of an
examination into the chemical composition of certain samples of coal and " kerosene shale" ;
included with these are one or two carbonaceous minerals which, although they cannot properly
be classed with the coals, yet can conveniently be included with them.
I may mention that most of my own analyses were made upon samples of the coals which
were collected by the officers of the Mining Department and were reported upon by me to that
Department in 1875.* The proportions of moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon, ash, coke,
and sulphur only were then determined, as information upon these points is quite sufficient for
all ordinary purposes. Shortly afterwards, as I had the remains of the specimens, I thought it
would be desirable to determine the ultimate composition, and to ascertain the chemical compo-
sition of the ashes of these coals ; the results of these further examinations were published in
a paper read before the Royal Society of New South Wales, in Dec., 1880, and published in its
Journal for that year. Together with the above are incorporated the analyses made by Mr. W.
A. Dixon, F.C.S., published in the Anniuil Reports of tlie Mining Department for 1878, 1879,
and 1880. The samples examined by Mr. Dixonf were collected five or six years after those,
from the same mines, analysed by me.
I particularly wished to see how the New South Wales coals compared with those of
£urope, and especially with English coals, and to do so, ultimate analyses had to be made, t.e.,
the amount of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, etc., had to be determined ; this of course neces-
sitated the expenditure of considerable time and trouble, but it enabled me to ascertain how the
calorific intensity of the fuels, calculated from the percentage amounts of carbon and hydrogen,
correspond with their evaporative powers as determined experimentally by means of Thompson's
calorimeter.
* Annxud Report of the Mining Department, 1875, p. 127. t Ibid, 1880, pp. 22-39.
126
The ashes were analysed because it was thought that a knowledge of their chemical
composition would be of service to the metallurgist as well as of some general scientific interest ;
it is of course of great importance to the metallurgist to know the composition of the ashes of
the coal which he uses, since some of the constituents may have a bad effect upon the products
of his furnaces, and in some cases even render the metal useless for certain purposes.
Methods of Analysis, — I may perhaps mention the methods of analysis followed, since it
is sometimes of interest to any one going over similar ground to know what processes were
employed ; and when it is wished to compare results it is often a great advantage to be able to
use the same methods. The proximate analyses were made according to the well-known process
described in Crooke's '^ Methods in Chemical Analysis/' p. 368 ; in each case upon about 2
grammes of the freshly powdered coaL
The sulphur was estimated by heating about 2 grammes of the coals with chlorate of
potash and strong nitric acid, and then adding strong hydrochloric acid ; the solution being
largely diluted, filtered, and precipitated in the ordinary way. The reagents were rendered
sulphur-free before use.
The specific gravity was determined upon the coal in the form of a coarse powder ; the
powder was allowed to soak in the specific gravity bottle, and kept in a warm place, until air-
bubbles ceased to be evolved ; when cold the second weighing was proceeded with.
The carbon and hydrogen were determined by combustion with lead chromate in a
current of oxygen ; it was found that when cupric oxide and a current of oxygen were
employed that the carbon was liable to be imderstated. The nitrogen was determined in the
ordinary way by the soda-lime process.
All the determinations were made in duplicate.
CalciUated calorific intensity and evaporative poioer. — ^The theoretical evaporative power was
determined experimentally by means of Thompson's calorimeter, for a description of which see
Dr. Percy's Metallurgy, voL 1, p. 541. The results given are the means of several experiments.
The calorific intensity was calculated according to the formula given by the same author,
p. 537.
On examining the two sets of results, i.e., the calculated calorific intensity and the
calculated evaporative power as determined by the calorimeter, it will be at once apparent that
they do not in all cases place the coals in the same order — there is no doubt that other things
besides the absolute quantities of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and ash, influence the production
of heat and help to determine the value of a coal — we as yet really know very little as to how
the combustible elements are combined in coals, or whether there are differences in the mode of
such combination in different coals — it is most probable that there are — but we do know
that there are considerable variations in the mechanical structure of coals, which must neces-
sarily influeiU^e the rate of combustion and the amount of heat generated.
It is a well-known fact that many commanders of steam-vessels belonging to the Hoyal
Navy, the great Mail Companies, and to the Intercolonial lines, prefer southern to northern
coal, although the former contains more ash, the disadvantage of the greater proportion of ash
is considered to be counterbalanced by the fact that the southern coal burns uniformly and does
not form a clinker ; but when it is desired to get up steam rapidly, then the rich, so-called
bituminous, northern coal is preferred.
In the report* to the Mining Department upon the theoretical evaporative power of cer-
tain coals, I pointed out that '^ these results represent the theoretical calorific or evaporative
power of the samples, i,e,, the weight of water which would be converted into steam by the
complete combustion of one pound of each of the various coals respectively."
" It must, however, be clearly understood that the actual heat-producing or evaporative
power of a coal obtained in practice, depends very greatly upon the size, construction, and form
of both furnace and boiler, as well as upon the method of firing or burning, and upon many other
equally obvious circumstances ; it will, therefore, be apparent that the results can only be rigidly
compared when the conditions under which the fuels are burnt are alike, as was the case in the
experimental trials."
* Report of the Mining Department, Sydney, 1877, p. 207.
186
Anatysis of the A$h, — ^The ash was prepared for analysis by incinerating the powdered
i^oiJ in a muffle furnace at a dull red heat ; in order to obtain the ash as expeditiously as possible
from a fairly large quantity of coal, a tray 10x6x1 inch deep, made out of stout platinum foil,
was used for the incineration.
The ash was rendered soluble by direct fusion with the mixed alkaline carbonates, and
proceeded with in the usual manner for silica, alumina, iron, lime, &c ; the alkalies were deter-
ihined in iseparate portions by Dr. J. Lawrence Smith's process, «.«., by fusion with calcium
carbonate and ammonium chloride.
The phosphoric and sulphuric acids were also determined in separate portions of the ash ;
as the proportion of phosphoric acid, where present^ was shown by the qualitative tests to be
small, the molybdic acid process was employed, about 2 grammes weight of ash being taksn
in duplicate in each case.
The analyses and descriptions of the specimens numbered 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15^
16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, and 25 are by Mi. Dixon.
NORTHERN DISTRICT.
Anvil Crebk.
No. 1. Structure laminated, but compact; not so much mother-of-coal present as in
that from the Waratah Mine. Breaks into cuboidal masses. Does not readily soil the fingers.
Specific gravity, 1-323.
Proximate Arudyaia,
Moisture 1*74
Volatile hydrocarbons 41*10
Sh^.?!^::::;::::::;::::::::: l-lo t ^^' ^^'^o per cent.
Sulphur 1*46
100-00
Coke, — Qood, firm, bright silvery lustre, not much swollen up.
il»A.— White.
Dried at 100' C.
UUinuUe Analyeie,
CSarbon 77*15
Hydrogen 5*91
Oinrgen 6*07
Sulphur 1*48
Nitrogen 1-46
Ash 7-93
100-00
Calculated calorific intensity, 8,009.
By experiment with the calorimeter 1 lb. of this coal would convert 12-65 Its. of water
into steam.
Analyeie of Ash,
]fo. 1. tfo. 2.
Silica « 48-70 60-16
Alumina 38-84 40-60
Iron sesquioxide 2-71 2-00
Maganeie ^ traces traces
Lime 6-20 4-10
Magnesia -70 -32
Potash 2-13 2-02
Soda -43 -12
Phosphorio acid trace trace
Sul]Surio add (SO.) -86 -66
Lo«i -44 -22
100-00 100-00
The second analysis was made Upon a specimen from a different part of the seam.
127
Australian Agricultural GompanVb Mine, Newcastle.
No. 2. Very similar to the Waratah coal, but a shade less bright Bjrealof into irregular
cuboidal fragments. Does not soil the fingers. Contains films of mineral diarooal.
Specific gravity, 1*297.
Proximate AnalysU.
MoiBtare 2*20
Volatile hydrooarbons 33*60
Sulphur !!!...!!!.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 1*33
100*00
Coke. — A good firm coke ; very large cauliflower-like excrescencea
AsK — Heavy, white.
Dried at 100" 0.
Ultimate Anatysis.
Carbon 78*76
Hydrogen 6*84
Oxygen 7*28
Sulphnr 1*86
Nitrogen -79
Aah 6*47
100*00
Calculated calorific intensity, 8,235.
By experiments with the calorimeter, 1 lb. of this coal would convert 12*92 lbs. of water
into steam.
Analysis of Ash,
Sihca 60-05
Alumina 34*90
Iron sesquioxide 13*81
Manganese traees
Lime '66
Magnesia *00
Potash -19
Soda -02
Phosphoric acid absent
Sulphuric „ 1*06
100*50
No. 3. From the same mine. Examined by W. Skey, 2Vaw«., N.Z. Inst, 1871, p. 150.
Proximate Analysis,
Moisture 1*42
Volatae matter 27*26
Fixed carbon 61*21
Sulphur 1*02
Ash 8*80
99*70
No. 4. Another specimen from the same mina "
Specific gravity, 1 *286.
Proximate Analysis,
Water 1*65
Volatile hydrocarbons 85*45
Fixed carbon 57*84
Ash 4^
Sulphur 0*62
100*00
CoA».— 63*28 per cent.
Ash, — Reddish.
128
Analyri$ qfAsh,
Alumina 22-84"
Ferric ojdde 16*20
5J°*® V Jl'^^l'Soluble in acid, 48-25.
Magnesia traces r"^*""*" .« -v ^, .«# *.«'
Sulphuric oxide '97
Phosphoric , 2-26J
Alumina 3-46)
Ferric oxide traces > Insoluble in acid, 66*55.
SiUca 53*10 )
Undetermined and loss *20
100-00
Analyses of samples of ash from the roof and floor of the A. A. Company's seam, by
W. A. Dixon, F.I.C. :—
No. 5. Roof of galley way.
Percentage of organic matter and water, 9*97.
Analysis of Residue.
Alumina 668^
Ferric oxide 2'77 1
M^i::;:zv;;:;;;;.::;;.:::::::::;:::::::::;.:::::: il' [soi-we in add. u-si.
Sulphuric oxide '21
Phosphoric „ '41^
Chlorine traces
Undetermined and loss '82
No. 6. Eoof of old No. 1 way. 10000
Percentage of organic matter, 7*70.
Analysis of Residtie,
^"?^*.V ] 11-89
Feme oxide j
Lime 1*61
Magnesia *98
Phosphoric oxide '87
Undetermined and loss *47
Insoluble 8478
No. 7. Floor of galley way. 100-00
Percentage of organic matter and water, 30*95.
Analysis of Residue,
Alumina 8*26 \
Lto^^?.!'*!'.:::::::::;:::::::::::::;:::;:::::;::::;::::::::: ^-I^ s-i""' » '^^' i^-"-
Phosphoric oxide *65/
smr!^.:: *.'.'.;!!'.'.:'.'.'.'.;;'.::;;;:;;::^^ Js^il j in«>iubie in acid, 88-70.
No. 8. Floor of old No. 1 way. 10024
Percentage of organic matter and water, 4*30.
Analysis of Residue.
Alumina 4'88"^
Ferric oxide 2*84
Lime *68
Magnesia '81
Phosphoric oxide '16
Alumina 12*48
^Soluble in acid, 8*72.
SiUca 78-73 i
Undetermined and loss '12
10000
\ Insoluble in acid, 91*16.
129
Cardiff Mine, Lake Maoquabie.
Na 9. A bright, firm, and compact looking anthracitic coal ; when struck emits a clear
ringing sound, very unlike the dull sound given out by soft and friable varieties of coal. This
specimen came from a depth of 434 feet
Across the joints and planes of stratification it breaks with a somewhat splintery and
oonchoidal fracture.
Tough, and does not yield readily to pressure.
Does not soil the fingers ; no mother-of-coal or mineral charcoal observed. When
ignited, decrepitates somewhat^ and bums with but a small amount of flame.
A few scattered grains of pyrites were observed in the sample, but the total amount of
sulphur present^ as shown by the following statement of percentage composition, is below the
average : —
Proximate Analysts,
Hygrosoopio moisture 1*853
VoUtae matter 43-364
Sulphur -348
Fixed carbon 49-486
Aflh 4-944
99-985
Coke, — 54-430 per cent., bright in lustre, and fairly well swollen up.
Ash, — ^Orey, loose ; contains traces of copper.
Ultiviate Analysis,
Inclosivtf of Exduftivc of
molfture. moisture.
Carbon 80-727 82-251
Hydrogen 4-303 4-384
Oxygen 6-816 6-945
Nitrogen 1*009 1-028
Sulphur -348 0*354
Ash 4-944 5-038
Hygroscopic moiBture 1-853
100-000 100-000
Specific gravity, 1 -286.
The calorific intensity calculated from the above results is 7,857 units.
Analysis of Ash,
SiUca 38-360
Copper trace
Alumina 35-575
Iron seaquioxide 9-278
Manganese protoxide 2-606
Lime 8-050
Magnesia 1*080
Potash -593
Soda 2-259
Phosphoric acid « -240
Sulphuric „ 2-255
100-296
The presence of copper is rather an unusual occurrence in coal ashes ; the copper probably
existed as copper pyrites. An examination for gold was made upon this ash, but without
success ; the ash from some 30 or 40 lbs. weight of coal was tested.
180
Olabbkob Riybb.
Analysia of Ask,
No. 10. Percentage of ash in coal, 8*75 ; colour, grey.
Alumina .'. 22*78^
Ferric oxide 4*01
JS^e-u:::::::::::::;:::::::;:::::::::::::::::::::::::^ »:f|[soiubiom«id. 28-70.
Sulphuric oxide '21 I
PhoBi>horic „ '96J
S^.^•;::::::::::::::::::::::;::::::::::;:;;.'::::;::;:::::: ei-ll t ^'""«' ^ •»»*• ''^'^
Undetermined and I068 *05
10000
Ferndale Colliery, Tighe's Hill.
No. 11. Specific gravity, 1-296.
PraxvnuUe Analysis.
Water 2.10
Volatile hydrocarbons 36*22
Fixed carbon 67*24
Aflh ;... 3*84
Sulphur '00
100-00
Coke. — 61*08 per cent.
Ash. — Buff coloured.
Analysis of Ash
Alumina 23*24^
Ferricoxide 9*21
lime 2*41
Magnesia 2*11
Sulphuric oxide *74
Phosphoric „ 1*26.
Alumina.. 6*42^
Ferricoxide 3*44
Lime '24
Magnesia *23
SiUca 50*82J
• Soluble in acid, 38*96
Insoluble in acid, 61*15.
100*11
Greta.
No. 12. In appearance very similar to the Waratah coal, but with less mother-of-coal.
Does not soil the fingers ; streaky appearance. Fracture conchoidal across the layers.
Specific gravity, 1 '287.
Froximale Analysis.
Moisture 2*25
Volatile hvdrocarbons 39*21
Fixed carbon ^'^lln^i,^ k7.iq rw»%. /w»i4>
Ash 2*72)^^"' ^'^^ P®^ ®®^*-
Sulphur 1*41
100*00
Coke. — ^Grood, firm, not quite so bright as the former, but rougher in the grain and more
Bwolien up.
Ash. — Loose, buff coloured.
Dried at 100' C.
181
Carbon 78'41
Hydrogen 6-(K)
Oihrgen 9*34
Sniphur ^ 1'44
Nitrogen 1'43
Adi 2-78
100-00
CSaleolated calorific intensity, 8,208.
According to the experiments with the calorimeter 1 9^. of this coal would conyert
31*21 fi>& of water into steam.
AnalyaU qfAah,
Silica 48-14
Alnmina 39*99
Iron seaqnioxide 4*40
Manganeae absent
lame 5*96
Magnesia < traces
Potash '82
Soda -19
Phosphoric add tnoe
Snlphoric „ '77
100*26
Lake Maoquabib.
No. 13. Bright and semi-bituminous. In steaming power it would lie between the
ordinary Newcastle coal and those of the Blawarra district
Specific gravity, 1*340.
FraocimcUe Analy8%$,
Volatile hydrocarbons 81*93
Fixed carbon 54*66
Ash 8*82
Sulphur -94
Moutnre , , 8*65
100-00
Ook^ 63*48 per cent ; dense, hard, and &drly bright
The ash was white and loose.
Na 14. A bright bituminous^ rather tendery ooaL
Specific gravily, 1*374.
Prommate Analyrie.
Water 2*81
Volatile hydrocarbons 81*96
Fixed carbon 68*88
Aah 11*12
Sulphur -74
100*00
The coke produced was hard and lustrous.
The ash was greyish white.
•
132
MiNMi Colliery, Newcastle.
No. 15. Bituminous, bright, with a few narrow dull streaks.
Specific gravity, 1 -28.
FroxinuUe Analysis,
Moisture 2*89
Volatile hydrocarbons 38*87
Fixed carbon 56*49
Ash 6*61
Snlphur 1*44
100*00
Coke, — 62*10. Coke bright, dense, with fused appearance, little swollen.
Ash — Reddish, somewhat fusible.
Newcastle Coal Company, Glebe, Newcastle.
No. 16, Specific gravity, 1*283.
Proximate Analysis,
Water 2*14
Volatile hydrocarbons 33*36
Fixed carbon 69*16
Ash 4*76
Sulphur '58
100 OO
Coke, — 63*92 per cent.
Ash, — Buff coloured.
Analysis of Ash,
Alumina 27*21
Ferric oxide 11*11
Lime 1*46
Magnesia 1*56
Snlphuric oxide '72
PhoBi>horic „ 1*24,
Alumina 6*51
Ferrio oxide 302
lime *61
Magnesia *63
Silica 46*57 J
Undetermined land loss *36
Soluble in acid, 43*30.
-Insoluble in acid, 56*34
100 -OO
New Lambton Mike.
No. 17. Specific gravity, 1*291.
ProocvnuUe Analysis,
Water 2*61
Voktile hydrocarbons 30*62
Fixed carbon 50*56
Ash 6*72
Sulphur -40
100*00
(7o£e.— 66*28 per cent
Ash, — Reddish coloured.
188
Analyaii of Ash.
Alnmina 15*00
Ferric oxide 17*72
Lime 2*26
Magnena 2*72
Phoephorio oxide 1*28
Alumina 6*66^
Ferric oxide 2*16
Lime '69
Magneeia '37
SiUca 62-32J
Soluble in acid, 38*98.
Insoluble in aoid, 61*10.
100*06
Plattsbubo.
No. 18. Coal from the Co-operative Mine, Flattsburg.
Specific gravity, 1*310.
Praximaie Analysts.
Water 2*45
Volatile hydrocarbons 3i*38
Fixed carbon 58*24
Ash 4*20
Sulphur -73
100*00
Coke. — 62*44 per cent.
Ash. — Reddish.
Analysis of Ash.
Alumina 23*34^
Ferric oxide 9*33
Lime 3*71
Magnesia 1*99
Sulphuric oxide *72
Phosphoric ,, 1*34,
Alumina 5*90 J
SsS^^.:;:*; r;:::::::;:;;:;:::::::::::::-: ^^9 i^«we in add, 58*88.
SiUca 49*32 )
Undetermined and loss 69
Soluble in add, 40*43.
100*00
Rbdhead Coal Company.
Na 19. Spedfic gravity, 1*325.
Proximate Analysis.
Water 2*09
Volatile hydrocarbons 33*48
Fixed carbon 57*04
Ash 6*84
Sulphur *56
100*00
Cafe.— 63*88 per cent.
Ash. — Grey coloured.
184
Analyaia of Ash.
Almmna 13-69^
Ferric oxide 4*74
5&eda •:;:::::;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: '-I? Ki-"" ^ '^^ »•"•
Sulphuric oxide *45
Phosphoric ,, 1*72,
Alumina 6*03 )
Ferric oxide 1*97 > Insoluble in add, 76116.
SiHca 69-66 )
Undetermined and loss *I8
100.00
Eix Obexk, Singleton.
No. 20. Coal bright, but rather tender ; slightly coking. Analysed by Mr. Latta.
Freximate Analysis.
Water 208
Volatile hydrocarbons 87*00
Fixed carbon 64*00
Ash fs-oe
Sulphur 0*61
98*66
C7ofe.— 59*06.
Eussell's Mine.
No. 21. Made up of alternate bright and dull laminae, which merge one into the other
irregularly, giving the coal a streaky appearance quite distinct from the laminated appearance
of a coal made up of well defined bright and dull layers. The bright layers have a very bril-
liant pitchy lustra Fracture somewhat conchoidal. Does not soil tibe fingers.
Specific gravity, 1 -274.
Proximaie Analysis.
Moisture 1*86
Volatile hydrocarbons 44*09
Kr;^.::::::::;:::;:::::::::;::::;:;:;::;::::^ I^T^jcok^^ 62*66 per cent.
Sulphur !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 1*41
100*00
Coke. — Good^ firm, bright silvery lustre, with cauliflower-like excrescenses.
Ash. — Loose, colour red, but paler than the Waratah coal ash.
Dried at lOO** C.
UUvmate Analysis.
Carbon ?. 77*37
Hydrogen ; 6*48
Oxygen 10*46
Sulphur 1*43
Nitrogen 1*61
Aah 2*76
100*00
CSalcuiated calorific intensity, 8,034.
By experiment with the calorimeter, 1 fi>. of this coal would convert 13*21 ftik of water
into steam.
186
AmdyHs of A$k.
Silk» 44-30
Alnmina 38*6$
Iron Beaquioxide 7*85
Manganese absent
lime 606
Magnesia *49
Potash 1-37
Soda -01
Phosphoric acid absent
Sulphuric acid 1*84
Loss '44
iron.
lOO'OO
Teralba, near Newcastle
No. 22. Semi-bituminous. Bright, with small conchoidal fracture, stained with oxide of
Specific gravity, 1'36.
Proximate Analysis,
Moisture 4*66
Volatile hydrocarbons 32*84
Fixed carbon 62*68
Aflh 8*16
Sulphur I'ffI
10000
Coke. — 60*84. Coke swollen, fairly bright, with small excresences, showed distinct
prismatic fracture.
Ash. — Reddish and somewhat friable.
No. 23. A second specimen from the same place was for the most part bituminous,
bright, with a few narrow dull layers.
Specific gravity, 1 *29.
Proodmaie Analysis,
Moisture 3*81
V<datile hydrocarbons 30*22
Fixed carbon 64*44
Ash 8*62
Sulphur 3*01
100*00
Coke, — 62*96. Coke bright and lustrous, very little swollen, dense, splits readily.
Ash, — Grey, not easily friable.
Wallsend, Newcastle.
No. 24. A bright coal ; laminated structure well marked ; breaks into irregular cuboidal
fragments. Does not soil the fingers readily. Contains a litde fibrous mineral charcoal, or
mother-of-ooal.
Specific gravity, 1*333.
Proximate Analysis,
Moisture 2*76
Volatile hydrocarbons 34*17
Sh!*.!*''!"!!:::::::::::::;:;:::::";.::^ "^ I ^^ «-86 ^ <^^
Sulphur 1*22
100*00
Coke. — ^Much the same as from the Greta coal, but with large cauliflower-like exoreeoenpeg.
AA — Of a pLokiBh shade, being white mixed with reddish particles.
Dried at 100' C.
186
UlHnuUe Analytii,
Cftrbon 7^*96
Hydrogen 6*26
Oxygen 7"08
Solphiir l-aS
Nitrogen •$%
Aah 4-77
lOOOO
Calculated calorific intensity, 8,323.
According to experiments with the calorimeter, 1 lb. of this coal would convert 13*21 Bml
of water into steam.
Analysis of Ash.
SiHca 39-30
Alumina 26-24
Iron seaquioxide 26-02
Manganese 1*03
lime 4-36
Magnesia '30
Potash traces
Soda traces
Phorohoric acid -12
Snlphurio „ 4*51
100-87
No. 25. Another sample from the isame mina
Specific gravity, 1 -347.
Froodmate AncUysis,
Water 2*29
Volatile hydrocarhons 34-21
Fixed carbon 68*60
Ash 4*28
Sulphur -62
100-00
Cofe.— 62-88 per cent
Ash, — Red.
Analysis of Ash,
Alumina 22-26^
Ferric oxide 11-20
lime 3-05
Magnesia 1-31
Sulphuric oxide -83
Phosphoric „ 1-14.
Alumina 6-48^
Ferricoxide 3*31
lime *32
Magnesia *. *41
SiUca 60-21 J
Soluble in add, 39*78.
Insoluble in add, 60-73.
100-61
Waratah Colliery.
No. 26. A good, firm, bright coal, with well-marked lines of lamination, bright layers
preponderate. Fracture fairly even, breaking into cuboidal masses. Layers of fibrous '' mineral
charcoal " or " mother-of-coal " in between the bright layers ; these are also to be observed in
nearly all the other coals. The coal from this mine is sometimes beautifully iridescent.
Specific gravity, 1-303.
187
PrtmrnaU ArudyHs,
Moittoie 2*21
Volatile hydrocarbons S6'70
Sr^!!*!??!^.r:;;:::::::;:;::;:i ^-^ j^^^^ ^q-s? per cent
Sul^^hxtt'.Z^^^^^^ 1-12
100-00
Coke. — Qood, firm, bright and silvery lustre, well swoUen up, with small cauliflower-like
ezcresoenses.
Aah. — ^Loose and flooculent, reddish colour.
Dried at 100' C.
UUimaU Analysis.
Carbon 81<i6
Hydrogen 5*81
Oxygen 6*62
Snlphur 1-14
Nitrogen 1.23
Aah 4-24
lOOOO
The calorific intensity calculated from the above is 8,271 units. According to experi-
ments with the calorimeter 1 lb. of this coal would convert 14*3 lbs. of water into steam.
Ancdysis of Ash.
Silica 47-80
Alumina 36*68
Iron sesquioxide 9*67
Manganeae absent
Lime 4*05
Magnesia *30
Potash 1-02
Soda -06
Phosphoric acid trace
Snlpnnricacid 1*20
100-97
No. 27. The Waratah Coal Company's old tunnel at Waratah.
Specific gravity, 1 *293.
Proadmate Analysis.
Water 2*46
Volatile hydrocarbons 38'16
Fixed carbons 64*12
Ash 4*64
Sulphur -63
100*00
Coke. — 58-76 per cent.
Ash. — Buff colour.
Analysis of Ash.
Alumina 22*31'
Ferric oxide 8*11
lime 2*41
Magnesia *98
Sulphuric oxide *71
Phosphoric oxide 2*29.
Alumina 4*59 )
Ferric oxide 2*31 > Insoluble in acid, 63*07.
SiUca 56*17)
Undetermined and loss *12
100*00
S
Soluble in acid, 36*81.
138
No. 28. Nodul(vr Coed. — ^A. smooi^ rounded, nodule of anthracitic coal from the Waratah
mine ; about 2 inches In diameter, harder than the ordinary coal, in which I understand it was found
embedded — ^the rounded form is apparently not due to attrition or the action of running water,
but appears to be of a concretionary nature. Similar anthracitic nodules occur in the Australian
Agricultural Company's Mine.
On being struck with a hammer the mass flew to pieces, as if it had been in a state of
strain or tension ; the fragments were small and showed conchoidal fracture surfaces. I believe
that these nodules are sometimes met with of much larger size.
Specific gravity, 1 '294.
Dried at 100° C.
Proximate AnalysU,
Low at 100° C 3-32
Volatile hydrocarbons 32*41
Fixed carbon 02*36
Ash 1-72
Sulphur '19
99*99
UUimcUe AncUysis.
Carbon 83*828
Hydrogen 6*437
Orymn 8*236
Sniphur *190
Nitrogen '630
Aah 1*779
100-000
It will be noticed that the amount of ash is much less than in the ordinary coal from
this mine.
Anthracite.
A splintery anthracite is said to occur at Gordon Brook, in the county of Richmond.
As far as I have seen at present, only one of the so-called New South Wales anthracites are
really deserving of that name, the others are merely very poor or else baked coals, t.e., coal which
has been more or less destroyed by the intrusion of a dyke of some igneous rock.
WESTERN DISTRICT.
The analyses and descriptions of specimens numbered 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 14, and 15
are by Mr. Dixon.
BOWENFELS.
No. 1. Dull lustre, rather strongly laminated ; laminse of bright coal, very thin. Does
not soil the fingers. Fracture is in parts large conchoidal.
Specific gravity, 1*399.
Froximate Analysis.
Moisture 2*36
Volatile hydrocarbons 28*35
Fixed carbon 66*64
Ash 11*40
Sulphur 1-35
100*00
Coke. — Does not cake ; only a loose and incoherent black powder left
Ash. — Heavy, white.
Dried at 100' C.
189
UUknate Analysit.
OaboR 70*72
Hydrogen 6'd6
Oxygen 9'66
Snlphor 1-88
introgtn -98
Aih 11-67
10000
Oalcnlated calorific intensity, 7,245.
According to experiments with the calorimeter 1 9^ of this coal would convert 12*65 0>s.
of water into steam.
AncUyaia qfAah.
SiUca (»*16
Alumina 20*09
Iron sesquiozide *03
Manganese tnces
Lime •26
Mftgnena trace
PotMh -36
Soda ^ '32
Phoephoric add (P«Oa) *09
Sulphuric add (SOs) -22
100*71
ESKBANK.
No. 2. A good compact coal ; soils the fingers ; lustre dull ; laminso not well defined.
Specific gravity, 1*335.
Froasimate Analt/tii.
MoiBtore 2*00
Volatile hydrocarbons 33*55
*■ Fixed carbon 49*97 ) /w^ ao<QA ^^ .w.»«
Aah 12-91 { ^^^®» ®^^ P®' ^*°**
Sulphur ! !!*.!..!.!!"!!!! 1*57
100*00
Coke. — ^Fair, but rather tender.
Ash, — ^Brilliant white colour.
Dried at 100*» C.
UUimate Analysii.
Carbon 72*30
Hydrogen 6*43
Oxygen 6*65
Sulphur 1-60
Nitrogen -86
Aah 13*17
100*00
Calculated calorific intensity, 7*426.
By experiment with the calorimeter 1 lb. of this coal would convert 12*66 lbs. of water
into steam.
140
Anah/sia of Ash.
SUica 62-15
Alumina 29*43
Iron sesquioxide 1*20
Manganese traces
Lime 1-36
Magnesia 1*73
Potash 2-10
Soda -19
Phosphoric add * "OS
Sulphuric „ 1*12
Loss '68
100*00
No. 3, Specific gravity, 1*329.
Proximate Analysis.
Water 2*70
Volatile hydrocarbons 28*78
Fixed carbon 67*88
Ash 9*88
Sulphur 76
100-00
i(«A.— Grey. — —
Analysis of Ash.
Alumina 21*13"'
Ferric oxide 1*39
Lime '78
Magnesia *61
Sulphuric oxide *16
Phosphoric „ 'SSJ
Alumina 14*21 )
Magnesia trace > Insoluble in acid, 75*23
SiUca 61*02 )
Undetermined and loss *15
Soluble in add, 24*62
100-00
EIatoohba.
No. 4. A sample of the whole thickness of a 4-foot seam at Katoomba. It conaiBts of a
mixture of a bituminous and splint coal, with bright and dull-coloured pieces.
Specific gravity, 1*343.
Proximate Analysis.
Moisture 2*71
Volatile hydrocarbons 26*31
Fixed carbon 60*90
Ash 10*84
Sulphur -24
100*00
The coke is dense, scarcely swollen, but fairly lustrous.
The ash is white.
This is a fairly good coal, the low percentage of sulphur being particularly noteworthy.
Awdysisof Ash.
Alumina 35*26^
Ferric oxide '98
Lime traces 1- Soluble in acid, 37*10
Magnesia '30 I
Phosphoric oxide 'SoJ
sii^!!*.. ;;;!'.;;'.'.'.;;;;;;;*.;;;;;;;;;;;.;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;.*;;;;;;; 59*^ I i^^oi'^we in add, 62*81
Undetermined and loss "OO
10000
141
No. 5. A fairly bright and tolerably hard coal, also from Katoomba, from 106 feet
in the tunnel. Did not soil the fingers^ and showed layers of '< mother-of-coal" in places.
Specific gravity, 1*326.
Froadmate AncUyaia,
MoiBtore 2*90
Volatile hydrocarbons 26*82
Fixed carbon 61*34
Ash 9*26
Sulphur "68
100-00
Coke. — 70*60 per cent ; only slightly fritted together, dull coloured, with a few bright
specks.
AsJk — A greyish white.
No. 6. Other specimens from Katoomba gave the following results : —
Specific gravity, 1*400.
Proximate Analyris.
Water 2*25
Volatile Inrdrocarbons 26*28
Fixed carbon 6084
Ash 10-04
Sulphur '59
lOOOO
Ash. — Greyish white.
LiTHGOW Valley.
Na 7. Has much the appearance of the Yale of Clwydd coal Does not soil the fingers.
Specific gravity, 1 *329.
Proximate Analysis.
Moisture 1*95
Volatile hydrocarbons 34*18
Fixed carbon 52*34 ) ^. , ^ ^.-^ ^^ ^ .
Ash 10*12 J ^^®' ^^ P®^ ^^**
Sulphur 1*41
100*00
Coke. — Hard, compact, and fairly lustrous.
Ash. — ^White in colour.
Dried at lOO** 0.
UUimaie Analysis.
Carbon 69*41
Hydrogen 6*10
Oxygen 11*70
Sulphur 1*44
Nitrogen 103
Ash 10-32
100*00
Calculated calorific intensity, 7,206.
According to experiments with the calorimeter, 1 B>. of this coal would convert 12*10 lbs.
of water into steam.
SOioa
Ahimin*
143
6910
38-96
Iron Beequioxide '40
Manganese tracee
lime "86
Magnesia 'W
Potash
Soda.
Phosphoric add (PbOs)
ft
-90
rnospnono aoia yruKJa) -sou
Sulphuric acid (SOs) ^
LiTHGOw Valley Colliery.
Na 8. Specific gravity, 1 -340.
Fraximaie Analysia.
Water
Volatile hydrocarbons
Fixed carbon
Ash
Sulphur
100*23
2*24
28-48
68-80
9-68
-80
100-00
Aah, — Qreyifih white.
Alumina
Ferric oxide
lime
Magnesia
Sulphuric oxide
Phosphoric „
AneUysis of Ash,
20*24^
1-42
•74
•57
•11
•64 J
Soluble in add, 23*72
S^.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Jg:^ j in«>iiAie in add, 76-23
Undetermined and loss .05
100-00
MUDOEE.
No. 9. Dull, with bright fracture.
Specific gravity, 1-300.
Froodmate Analysit,
Moisture 1*70
Volatile hydrocarbons 36^
^:*:^::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::"^
Sulphur -64
100*00
Coke, — Strong and fairly bright
Ash. — Greyish white and bulky.
Vale of Clywdd.
No. 10. A compact coal; rather bright on the whole, the bright layers being fairly
numerous ; fracture irregular ; a fresh surface ; does not soil the fingers.
Specific gravity, 1-323.
FroximcUe Analysis,
Moirture 2-10
Volatile hydrocarbons 33*36
Fixed carbon 53'38 J n^A,^ ao.ia »^. .w»«*
Ash 9-80 { ^^^ ^^^ P^ ^^*-
Sulphur 1-37
100*00
148
Coke. — Kard, compact, and fairly Instarotui
Aah — Of a very feeble grey tint.
Dried at 100° C.
UUimate Analysis.
Carbon 09*86
Hydrogen 6*82
Oxygen 11-89
Sulphur 1-40
Nitrogen 1-02
Ash lO-Ol
100*00
Calculated calorific intensity, 7,138.
According to experiments with the calorimeter, 1 lb. of this coal would oonlrert 12*10 flMk
of water into steam.
Analysis of Ash.
SiHca 69-55
Alumina 87*85
Iron Besquiozide 2*00
Manganese traces
Lime '53
Magnesia traces
Potosh traces
Soda traces
Phosphoric acid traces
Sulphuric „ (SO,) -39
Loss -18
100-00
No. 11. Specific gravity, 1-328.
ProximcUe Analysis.
Water 2-16
Volatile hydrocarbons 35*02
Fixed carbons 52-36
Ash 9-72
Sulphur -75
100-00
Ash. — Grey.
Afialysis of Ash.
Alumina 22-91
Ferric oxide 1-65
S^eri;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::tra^ ^Soluble ia«»d,i»^^
Sulphuric oxide -17
Phosphoric „ '59,
Alumina 14*55^
SS^S^..::;:;;::;:::::;::::::;::::::;:::::::::::::^ *7^ i^^w« ^ ^^ 73-86.
SiHca 68-25)
Undetermined and loss -12
100-00
Wallerawang.
No. 12. A specimen of the Wallerawang coal, from a seam 17 feet 6 inches thick, gave
tlie following results : —
Proximate Analysis.
Moisture 1*61
Volatile hydrocarbons 33-24
Fixed carbon 55-74 ) i^^.^^hk^^ «-- «-.•,«.
Ash, white 9.5^ {Coke-65-24 per cent
Specific gravity =» 1 -333.
Na 13. A sample from another seam 6 feet 6 inches thick : —
Froaoimate Analysis,
Moiiture 1*»5
Volatile hydiocarbons 27*25
Fixed oarbcm ^^ "^ I •m.flA «*. *w«* ^v«
Aih, white 8-94 { 70 80 per cent coke
100*00
Spedfio gravity » 1 *d98.
No. 14. ''A sample of true splint coaL It was very firm, and contained some layers of
mineral charcoal ; colour of a dull brownish-black.
" Specific gravity, 1-326.
FroaBimcUe Analysis.
Water 8*86
Volatile hydrocarbons 27*89
Fixed carbon 61*56
Ash 6*88
Sulphur -02
100*00
<' The powdered coal did not form a coke, an incoherent black powder being left. On
heating the coal in lumps it leaves a hard coke slightly lustrous, the pieces having the same shape
as the original coal, and showing no signs of fusion.
''The ash was grey coloured and bulky, and contained 0*19 per cent of phosphoric oxide.
'' This is a good coal for the purpose to which it is intended to be applied, namely, iron
smelting, as it could be used raw with hot blasts, or coked with either hot or cold, and it is
sufficiently firm to carry a heavy burden of ore and fluxe& On heating it decrepitates slightly ;
but this does not interfere with the firmness of the coke obtained from lumps, but the small,
from its character, would be useless for coking."
No. 15. ''Another sample of coal irom the same locality contained dull and bright layers
in about equal proportions, the bright parts breaking with a rather large conchoidal fracture
considering their thickness. This coal is a bituminous moderately coking coal, and the specimen
was of only moderate firmness.
" Specific gravity, 1*327.
Praocimaie Analysis.
Water 3*10
Volatile hydrocarbons 34*73
Fixed carbon 61*28
Ash 10*36
Sulphur '5S
100-00
" The coke produced from the powdered coal was scarcely swollen, of moderate brightness,
and not very firm. As I have learned, however, that the sample had been exposed to the air
for about a year, it is probable that the freshly dug coal would yield a much superior coke to
that produced by the specimen analysed.
"The ash was white, very dense, and contained 0*29 per cent of phosphoric oxide.
'* This coal is not so good for iron smelting as the last, as it contains more sulphur ; and as
a large quantity of it would be required to produce a ton of iron, as it would have to be used
coked, more of the obnoxious ingredients would be introduced into the furnace." — ^W. A Dixon,
F.C.S., Annual Report of the Mining Department^ Sydney, 1880.
14»
SOUTHERN DISTRICT.
The analvsesand deBcriptions of speoimeiiB numbered 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10| 11, 12, 13,
14, 15, 16, 19, 21, 22, and 23 are bj Mr. Dixon, F.G.S.
Na 1. Atkinson's Mine, Berrima.
Spedfic gravity, 1*408.
FraxinuUe AncUysia,
Water 1*26
Volatile hydrocarbons 26*61
Fixed carbon 62*28
Aah 9*40
Snlphnr '46
100*00
Ck)ke, 71*68 per cent
Ash, greyish white.
Analyais of Ash,
Almnina 18*61
Ferric oxide 4*68 I
Lime •. *68 VSolnMe in add, 24*00.
Sulphuric oxide *13 |
Phosphoric „ tracesj
m^.,ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZl'^Z]'. 76W ( ^^°«>l'*We in acid, 76*87
Undetermined and loss *13
100*00
Bbbbima.
Na 2. A good firm coal, but more tender than the others. The bright layers present
in fair proportion.
Specific gravity, 1*364.
Proximate Analysis.
Moistore 1*70
Volatile hydrocarbons 32*78
2S^^:::::::::::;:::::::::;:::::::::;:::::::::::;i wZ j coke, 64*24 per cent.
Snlphur 1*28
100-00
Coke. — ^Bright and lustrous ; very much swollen up.
il«^— White.
Dried at IW 0.
UUimctte Analysis,
Carbon 69*92
Hydrogen 4*55
Oi^gen 13-09
Sulphur 1*30
JRttogen -56
Ash 10*58
100-00
Calculated calorific intensity, 6,653.
According to experiments with the calorimeter, 1 fik. of this coal would convert 11*82 lbs
of water into steam.
T
146
Analysis of Ash,
Silica 67-45
Alumina 31*00
Iron seaqniozide "40
Manganese protoxide '16
lime '15
Potash -a*
Soda '18
Phosphoric acid trace
Sulphuric „ (SOa) -06
Loss -86
100*00
No. 3. Had a laminated structure, with bright layers, and was rather tender, breaking
easily in small pieces.
Specific gravity, 1 *37.
FraxinuUe Analysis,
Moisture 1'90
Volatile hydrocarbons 21*17
Fixed carbon 57*67
Ash 18-25
Sulphur 1-01
100-00
Coke,— 75-92,
The coke was much swollen up, soft and black coloured, with a few bright specks.
The ash was greyish-white, but from its large amount this coal would only be of value
for local purposes.
No. 4. Bather dull, with very thin bright layers, along which it split rapidly.
Yielded a brown powder. Bituminous.
Specific gravity. 1-56.
Proximate Analysis,
Moisture 1*21
Volatile hydrocarbons 19*95
Fixed carbon 41*30
Ash 36*66
Sulphur *98
100*00
CoAe.— 77*86.
Coke much swollen up, and fairly lustrous and hard.
Ash. — ^White, but so Urge in quantity as to render the coal of little value.
No. 5. Dull coloured, bright layers entirely absent, gave a dark brown powder, darker
than the last.
Specific gravity, 1*61.
FroadnuUe Analysis.
Moisture 1*26
Volatile hydrocarbons 15*61
Fixed carbon 48*34
Ash 33*92
Sulphur *87
100-00
Coke.S2'Se,
The coke was not much swollen, black coloured, and friable.
Ash, — White, but so large in quantity as to render the coal of little value.
147
BULLI.
No. 6. The following analysis was made by Mr. Richard Smith, of the Metallurgical
Laboratory in the Eoyal School of Mines, London ; to compare it with the others its proximate
composition has been calculated from the ultimate analysis.
Specific gravity, 1*471.
FroximcUe Arudyns,
Water 1'03
Volatile hydiocarboii8» &0. 28*65
Fixed carbon 61*61
Ash 13*17
Sulphur '54
100-00
" The theoretical calorific or evaporative power, that is, the weight of water converted into
steam by 1 lb. of the coal, as determined by experiment with the calorimeter, is 12*21 lbs. A
second experiment gave a like result.
" Dried at 100' C.
Ultimate Analysis,
Carbon 75*57
Hydrogen 4*70
Oxygen and nitrogen 4*99
SuIiSiur 0*54
Ash 13*17
Water 1*03
100-00
'' The colour of the ash is reddish white.
4C
When a portion of the powdered coal is heated in a closed vessel the gases evolved
bum with a yellow luminous, somewhat smoky fiame, and a slightly lustrous coherent coke is
left, which differs little in bulk from the original coal.''
ITa 7. From the same mine.
Specific gravity, 1 '369.
Proximate Analysis,
Water.. -66
Volatile hydrocarbons 21*65
Fixed carbon 65*68
Ash 11*28
Sulphur *74
100*00
Coke, — 76*96 per cent.
Ash, — Grey.
Analysis of Ash.
Alumina 26*84
Ferricoxide 7*95
Ml^edi-::::::::::::::::::;:::::::::::::;:;:::::::::::::::: trJS [ soi»we m «,id, 35-77
Sulphuric oxide *31 I
Phosphoric ,, tracesj
^^^■:::;::;:::::::;::::::;::::::::.;::::::::::::::.::;::: ^^ I ^^^-we « «»d. 64-53
100-30
148
No. 8. CJoal from Coal Cliff Mine, near BolU.
Specific grayity, 1*378.
Froosimate Analysis,
Water '86
Volatile hydrooarboDB 18*22
Fixed carbon 60*84
Ash 10-80
Sulphur -28
100190
Coke. — 71-68 per cent. — -b.
Ash, — Oreyish white.
Analysis of Ash.
Alumina 31*561
Ferric oxide 6-33
Lime *75
liagneaia *60
Sulphuric oxide *31
Phosphoric „ -29.
Alumina 3*61 )
Ferric oxide traces > loBoluble in acid, 61*02
SiHca 57-41 )
Undetermined and loss *14
Soluble in add, 88*84.
No. 0. T<^ coaL
Percentage of ash, 6*71.
100-00
JOADJA ObBEK
Soluble in add, 24*ft3.
Analysis of Ash.
Alumina 11*23"
Ferric oxide 11*55
lime -20
Magnesia *63
Phosphoric oxide -92,
Alumina 22*15 )
Ferric oxide traces > Insoluble in acid, 71*01
SiUca 48-86 )
Undetermined and loss -41
Alkalies and chlorine 4*06 Soluble in water.
100-00
No. 10. Bottom coaL
Percentage of ash, 22-28 ; ash very dense, grey coloured.
Analysis of Ash.
Alumina 20-04^
Ferric oxide 1-84
Lime -28
Magnesia *36
Phosphoric oxide '44.
Alumina 7*79 )
Ferric oxide traces > loBoluble in add, 76-42.
SiUca 68-63 )
Alkalies 0*85 Soluble in water.
Soluble in add, 22*06.
100-23
No. 11. From Jordan's Crossing, near the above place.
Bituminous, rather dull, and somewhat brittla The piece sent had a bright band
running through the middle, and this band was very tender, breaking with slight pressure into
rectangular fn^ments.
Specific grayity, 1*401.
149
Proximaie AnaUfiia.
Moisture , 2*86
Volatile hydrocarbons 28*27
Fixed carbon 51*66
Ash 16*86
Sulphur 1*86
100*00
CoAje.— 67*62.
Ck)ke demie, hard, not much swollen, and having a silvery lustra
Ash. — ^Pore white, aluminous.
Mabulak.
Two samples of weathered, dirty looking coals, of high specific gravity, from near
Hanging Bock, Marulan, were found to contain 28*09 per oent and 39*76 per cent, of ash
respectively, and were deemed unworthy of a more detailed examination.
No. 12. A rather dull coloured coal, having somewhat the character of splint, from
Hanging Eock, near Marulan.
Specific gravity, 1*341.
Proximaie Anahffis.
Water 2*25
Volatile hydrocarbons 26*14
Fixed carbon 67*68
Ash 13*62
Sulphur '41
100*00
This coal scarcely forms a true coke, a very slight coherent black mass being left ; but as
the specimen was evidently taken from an outcrop, were it would be more or less weathered,
this character would probably be altered on opening out the seam.
The ash was greyish white.
No. 13. This was a rather dull coloured coal, somewhat stained by oxide of iron, rather
tender, and containing a considerable quantity of mineral charcoal, from the same locality as
the last.
Specific gravity, 1*536.
Proximate Analysis,
Water 2*41
Volatile hydrocarbons 24*26
Fixed carbon 63*66
Ash 18*96
Sulphur -72
10000
The coke produced was fairly bright and hard, and was covered with bright silvery
excrescences.
The ash was white.
No. 14. A moderately bright, but firm coal, from the same seam as last
Specific gravity, 1*398.
Froocimate Analysis.
Water 1*97
Volatile hydrocarbons 31*77
Fixed carbon 56*64
Ash :... 9*04
Sulphur '68
100*00
The coke and ash were similar to the last. ■
150
Na 15. This was a dull coloured splint-like ooal, of moderate firmness, forming another
band in the seam from which the last two were obtained.
Specific gravity, 1,404.
FraoDinuUe Anah/ais,
Water 2'13
Volatile hydrocarbons 28*75
Fixed carbon , 59-00
Ash 9*55
Sulphor "57
100*00
The coke obtained was dull ooloured and soft^
The ash was greyish white.
MnTAGOKG.
No. 16. From a newly opened seam.
Contained dull and bright layers, in about equal proportions ; slightly soils the fingers.
The bright lines of fracture were marked by numerous lens-shaped cavities 0*05 to 0*1 indi in
greater diameter, generally filled with a brownish pulverulent carbonaceous matter. These
were apparently the impressions, and remains of seeds, and they showed traces of a dense
oortioal layer. The brown matter on heating glowed, emitted a smoky odour, and burned away
completely.
Specific gravity, 1*486.
Proximate AncUyiie,
Moisture 2*91
Volatile hydrocarbons 8*92
Fixed carbon 62*24
Ash 24*74
Sulphur 1*19
100*00
This coal did not produce a true coke, a loose, incoherent black powder being left
Ash. — Greyish white, but much too large in amount
Mount Keira.
Ko. 17. Possesses much the same characters as the last, only soils the fingers rather
more readily.
Specific gravity, 1*379.
Proximate AncUyais,
Moisture 1*16
Volatile hydrocarbons 23*51
Sh^.!^^^::::;;:;:;;:::::::;:::::;:::;::;:::::::;:::;:;: "^to | co^e. 74-36 per cent.
Sulphur *99
100-00
Coke. — Hard, harlj lustrous, and much swollen up, with cauliflowier-like excrescencea
Aeh, — Loose, brilliant white colour.
Dried at 100* 0.
Ultimate Analysis,
Carbon 78*82
Hydrogen 5*17
Oxygen 3*87
Sulphur 1-00
Nitrogen 1*33
Ash 9*81
100*00
Calculated calorific intensity, 7,983.
According to experiments with the calorimeter, 1 Jb, of this coal would convert 12*92 lbs.
of water into steam.
161
Analysis of Ash.
SiUcft 63-00
Alnmina 46.88
Iron seaqoioxide traces
Manganese absent
Lime traces
Magnesia traces
Potash ) .,Q
Soda } ^"
Phosphorio acid absent
Snlpnoiic , absent
Loss -02
100-00
This ash practically answers to the formula AI2O1, 2 SiO»
Mount Kembla.
No. 18. A coal of medium brightness, with laminated structure, breaking with a granular
surface in places; splits readily along the planes of lamination. The bright layers are tender,
and break into small pieces with conchoidal surfaces.
Specific gravity, 1*363.
ProaAnuUe Analysis.
Moisture 1*60
Volatile hydrocarbons 19*74
Fixed carbon 67*18
Ash 10*72
Sulphur *86
100*00
Coke. — Goal does not cake, therefore no true coke formed — a dull black fritted mass only
is left.
Ash. — Brilliant white colour.
Dried at 100' C.
UUvmate Analysis.
Carbon 80*67
Hydrogen 5*30
Oxyeen 1*68
Sulphur '87
Nitrogen '70
Ash 10*88
100*00
Calculated calorific intensity, 8,276.
According to experiments with the calorimeter, 1 lb. of this coal would convert 13*21 lbs.
of water into steam.
Analysis of Ash.
Silica 62*57
Alumina 43*65
Iron sesquioxide *95
Manganese traces
Lime 1*35
Magnesia "OO
Potash *15
Soda -27
Phosphoric acid (PaO*) *17
Sulphuric acid (SOa) -79
100*40
162
No. 19. Coal from the Mount PleaMUnt Mine of the Illawarra Goal Company,
Wollongong.
Specific gravity, 1*354.
Froadmate Anah/na.
Water '70
Volatile hydrocarboDS 22*04
Fixed carbon 68*08
Aah 8-76
Sulphur '42
100*00
Coke. — 76*84 per cent.
Ash, — Grey.
Analytia of Ash.
Alumina 34*07'\
Ferric oxide 6*03
Lime '82
Magnesia traces
Sulphuric oxide '51
Phosphorio , *32.
Alumina 6*50 "
Ferric oxide traces ^Insoluble in add, 57*i
Silica 51*19 \
Undetermined and loss *56
Soluble in add, 41*75
100-00
Nattai.
No. 20. A hard, compact, luBtrous anthracitic coal, slightly stained in parts with iron
oxide, which looks as if it had been derived from the decomposition of iron pyrites ; but, contrary
to what was expected, hardly a trace of sulphur was found to be present. Any pyrites which
the coal may have originally contained must have practically undergone complete decomposition
and removal
Anthracitic coals generally occur in places where the coal measures have been more or
less disturbed or changed, i.e., in places where there is considerable contortion of the strata, and
also where there are intrusive metamorphic or igneous rocks. Probably this particular specimen
came from a portion of a seam which had been affected by one of the intrusions occurring in the
district.
FroadmeUe Analysis.
LossatlCXrO 8*287
Volatile hydrocarbons 4*837
K._::::::;::::::.::::::::::::::::::::::::;;::::::::::::-:^ "^ I co^e, 92m
Sulphur trace
UUimate Analysis.
Dried at IOC* C.
Carbon 91-246
Hydrogen 3*005
Oxvffen and nitrogen 0*583
Sulphur tnce
Aah 4*506
100*000
Calculated calorific intensity, 8,690.
The ash of this coal was not analysed.
Coal containing pea-iron ore is abundant at NattaL Another coal, from near to Nattai,
is very brilliant in lustre, and breaks with a pitchy lustrous conchoidal fracture like albertite ;
it is adso marked by the presence of thick layers of ** motherof-coal" or fibrous mineral charcoal
158
No. 21. A rather dull coloured coal, stained with ferric oxide, in some places iridescent. It
was rather tender, and stained the fingers ; fracture of the bright layers minutely conchoidal.
From the Southern District.
Speci6c gravity, 1 '307.
Proximate Analyaia,
Moisture 75
Volatile hydrocarbona 23*37
Fixed carbon 66*81
Aflh 8*19
Sulphur 1*88
100*00
Coke, — 74 per cent. ; bright and dense.
Ash — Greyish.
WiNOECARRIBEE KlVER.
No. 22. From near Berrima.
A hard bituminous coal, generally bright, but with reddish incrustation, the bright pieces
breaking with decided conchoidal fracture.
Specific gravity, 1*355.
Proximate Arudyais,
Moisture .* 1*41
Volatile hydrocarbons 30*20
Fixed carbon 53*15
Ash '. 13-46
Sulphur 1-78
10000
CoA^.— 66*61.
Coke hard, slightly fiwolleu, and fairly lustrous.
ul«A.— White.
WOLLONGONG.
Na 23. Coal from Osborne- Wallsend Colliery.
Specific gravity, 1 '404.
Proximate Analysis.
Water 1*19
Volatile hydrocarbons| 21*07
Fixed carl>on 66*92
Ash 10*20
Sulphur '62
100*00
Coke. — 77*12 per cent
Ash. — Grey.
Analysis of Ash.
Alumina 30*31
Ferric oxide 8*68
lime 1-18
Magnesia traces
Sulphuric oxide *34
Phosphoric ,, traces^
Alumina 5*24)
Ferric oxide trace > Insoluble in acid, 60*00
SiUca 64*76)
100*61
Soluble in acid, 40*51
154
TABLE I.
Composition of Coals.
FroadmcUe Analyaes,
NOBTHSBN DiSTBICT.
Name of Colliery.
Water.
Volatile
Hydro-
carbons.
Fixed
Carbon.
Ash.
Sulphur
Specific
Gravity.
Coke.
AnalyBt.
Russell's
Greta
Femdale Colliery, Newcastle
Waratah „ near Newcastle ..
f >
f )
Co-operative Colliery, Plattsburg
Newcastle WalLsend Ck>mpany
i»
Australian Agricultural Company
it
Newcastle Ck>al-mining Co., Glebe ...
CardifiF Mine, Lake Macquarie
Bix Creek, Singleton
Minmi Colliery, Hexham
New Lunbton Colliery, nr. Newcastle
Redhead Coal Company
Anvil Creek ,
Teralba, near Newcastle
f »
f*
Lake Macquarie, near Newcastle .
Mean ,
Wallerawang
»»
»»
ft
Katoomba ,
»» •••
Lithgow Valley
Vale of Clwydd
if
Rylstone
Eakbank
a
Bowenfels
Mean
Nattai
Nolocality
niawarra Coal Company's Colliery
Berrima, Atkinson's Mine
»»
Marulan,
Mount Keira
Osborne Wallsend Col., Wollongong
Coal CUflf CoUiery
a
Mount Kembla.
BuUi Colliery .
»»
Mean
185
225
210
2-21
2-45
2-45
2-29
2-75
1-65
2-20
214
1-85
2-80
2-59
2-61
2 09
1-74
4-65
3-81
3-65
2-47
44*09
39-21
36-22
36-70
38-16
34-38
34-21
3417
35-45
33-60
33-36
43-35
37-00
33-87
30-62
33-48
41-10
32-84
30-22
31-93
35-70
4995
54-41
57-24
55 -82
5412
58-24
58-60
57*22
57-84
57*52
59-16
49-49
54-00
56*49
59-56
57 04
47^90
52-68
54-44
54-66
2-70
2-72
3-84
55-32
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
15
64
20
28
64
44
35
476
4-94
5-06
5-61
6-72
6*84
7*80
8-16
8*62
8-82
5-41
141
1-41
•60
112
•63
•73
•62
1-22
•62
1-33
•58
•34
•51
144
-49
•55
1-46
1-67
3-01
-94
1-274
1-287
1296
1-303
1-293
1-310
1-847
1*333
1-286
1*297
1-283
1-286
1-3
1-280
1-291
1*325
1*323
1-350
1-290
1-340
1-305
Southern District.
3-28
•75
•70
1^26
1-70
213
1-97
2-26
1-16
119
1-61
•86
150
.65
1-03
1-47
4-34
87*96
4-41
trace
23-37
65-81
8-19
1-88.
2204
68 08
8-76
-42
26-61
62-28
9-40
•45
32*78
58-84
10-40
1-28
2876
69*00
9-55
•57
31-77
55-64
9*94
•68
2614
57*68
13-52
•41
23-51
64-65
9-70
•99
21-07
66-92
10-20
•62
19-68
68 08
10*28
•35
18-22
69-84
10*80
-28
19-74
6718
10-72
-86
21-65
65*86
11-28
•74
23-65
61*61
1317
•54
22-89
64-96
1002
•72
1-307
1-364
1-408
1-364
1-404
1-398
1-341
1-379
1-404
1-372
1-378
1-363
1*369
1-471
1*394
62-65
67-13
61-08
69-97
58-76
62-44
62-88
61-86
63-28
62-87
63-92
64-43
69-06
6210
66-28
63-88
6570
60-84
62-96
63*48
60-78
Western District.
3-85
27-69
61-66
6-88
•02
1-326
none
1-95
27-26
61-86
8-94
1-398
70-10
1*51
33-24
55-74
9-50
1-333
66*24
3*10
34-73
51-28
10*36
•63
1-327
61-64
2-90
25-82
61-34
9-26
-68
1-326
70-60
2-25
26-28
60*84
10-04
-57
1-400
none
271
25-31
60*90
10-84
•24
1-343
7174
2*24
28-48
58*80
9*68
•80
1-340
none
1*95
34-18
52-34
1012
141
1-329
6246
2*15
35-02
52-36
9*72
76
1-328
none
210
33-35
53*38
9*80
137
1-323
6318
1*70
36*42
51*48
9*76
•64
1-300
61-24
2-70
28*78
57*88
9*88
76
1-329
none
200
33-56
49*97
12*91
1-57
1*336
62-88
2-36
28*35
66-54
11*40
1-35
1*399
none
2-34
31-65
66*09
9*87
•87
1-342
«4-67
93-37
7400
76*84
71^68
64-24
68-65
66-58
none
74-35
77-12
78-36
80-64
none
76-96
74-78
76*11
Liversidge.
ff
Dixon.
Liversidge.
Dixon.
»»
Liversidge.
Dixon.
Liversidge.
Dixon.
Liversidge. .
Latta.
Dixon.
»>
it
Liversidge.
Dixon.
»»
*»
Dixon.
Liversidge.
>>
Dixon.
»»
LiT;:nddge.
Dixon.
Liversidge.
Dixon.
it
Liversidge.
Liversidge.
Dixon.
it
ti
Liversidge.
Dixon.
it
Liversidge.
Dixon.
II
II
Liversidge.
Dixon.
R. Smith.
166
The coals in the foregoing tables are arranged in order, according to the amount of ash
present, the first of the series containing the Hmallest, and the last the largest weight of ash.
With a few exceptions — such as the Teralba, Lake Macquarie, Anvil Creek, and the Cardiff Mine
it is rather interesting to note that the proportion of fixed carbon increases with the increase in
the amount of ash — ^e proportions of volatile hydrocarbons naturally undergo a corresponding
diminution.
Speaking generally, the coals which yield a large percentage of volatile hydrocarbons
may be said to be the best adapted for the manufacture of ga&
It will also be at once apparent that the specific gravity in most cases affords a very good
indication of the quality of the coaL As a general rule, ordinary coals which possess a high
specific gravity contain a large proportion of ash.
Although these tables show decided differences between the coals from the three districts,
doubtless the examination of additional specimens will prove that the above means do not quite
represent the average composition of the coala Some of the analyses were necessarily made
upon outcrop specimens, and such can hardly be regarded as truly representing the quality of
the seams from which they were obtained.
It is noticeable that the quantity of ash yielded by the Western and Southern coals is
much greater than is yielded by the Northern ones, also that the specific gravity is higher as
a rule.
The ash of Western and Southern coals is white and dense, whereas many of the
Northern coals yield ashes of a buff or red tint, which are often quite loose and flocculent.
It is a common opinion that the relative amounts of sulphur present in different coals can
be approximately estimated by the redness of the ash — on the supposition that the whole of the
sulphur exists in the coal in the form of iron pyrites — but such is not the case ; on referring to
the analyses on the Northern District coals, it will be seen that some of the coals which left pure
white coloured ashes contained the largest amount of sulphur, and that others which left red
ashes contained the smallest quantity of sulphur.
Sulphur may be present in coals in various forms — either in combination with iron as
pyrites, which is the most common form of all — as sulphuric acid in combination with the
inorganic constituents of the coal, such as alumina, lime, magnesia, or potash ; or it may even
exist in the form of organic compounds.
In order that an opinion may be formed with regard to the coals of New South Wales,
it will perhaps not be amiss to compare them with some of those produced in various parts of
Great Britain.
In the first place, the proportion of ash in a coal is a matter of the greatest importance ;
the value of coal as a fuel depends to a great extent upon the smallness of the quantity of non-
oombustible matter which it contains ; 'd the amount be very large the coal will be perfectly
worthless ; but for some purposes, as Dr. Percy states, — " A certain amount of inorganic matter
in coal is sometimes beneficial in preventing its too rapid combustion in the fumaca On this
account a kind of coal called ' brasils,' which occurs in the middle of the Tenyard coal in South
Staffordshire, is preferred for reverberatory furnaces by some smelters in Birmingham." *
Neither must the quality or chemical composition of the ash be neglected, for if the ashes be
easily fusible, as they usually are when a large quantity of iron is present, they tend to '' clinker
up " the grate and thus cause great waste of heat, and the expenditure of much extra time and
labour in stoking.
We have seen that the Northern District coals yield on the average the smallest amount
of ash, which is from 2*70 per cent, to 8*82, with an average percentage of 5*41 ; the Western
District coals range from 6*88 to 12*91, and average 9*87 per cent. ; and the Southern District
coals, omitting the samples which seem to be somewhat exceptional in character, yield from
4*41 to 13*52 per cent., and average 10*02 per cent ash.
* Percy's '< MetaUnxgy,'' voL i., p. 280.
156
Now English Newcastle (Northumberland) coking coal contains from 0*79 to 2*49 per
cent ash (see Percy's "Metallurgy," vol. L, p. 99), and averages 1*68. The Nottinghamshire con-
tains 3*9 per cent., and coal from Blaina, South Wales, averages 2*63 per cent English non-
coking coals run rather higher ; thus South Stafibrdshire coal varies from 1*55 to 6*44, and
South Wales from 1*20 to 7*18 ; Scotch, coals from 1*43 to 6*75 ; so that as far as the proportion
of ash is concerned, some of our Northern coal is quite equal to the Welsh and Scotch coals, and
but little inferior to the English Newcastle coal.
A matter to which it is necessary to pay careful attention is the proportion of sulphur
present in a coal. The presence of a large amount of this element not only renders the use of
the coal unpleasant for domestic purposes, but makes it useless for' most manufacturing and
metallurgical operations.
The quantity of sulphur existing in the New South Wales coals is by no means excessive,
and they will in this respect compare not unfavourably with those of other countries.
Percentage of Suljihur.
Minimum. Mean. Maximimi.
Northern Coal-fields *34 1*30 3*01
Western „ „ -02 -87 1*57
Southern ,, „ trace '72 I'SS
Newcastle coal (England)* '55 -97 1'51
The mean percentages of sulphur as given above for the New South Wales coals are
probably too high, since, as has already been remarked, some of the samples were doubtless only
outcrop specimens from seams not yet properly opened out
Playfair and De la Beche found during their investigation for the English Cbvemment
that the mean percentage of sulphur was as follows : —
Welshcoal 1*42^
Derbyshire 1*01 |
Lancashire 1 *42 f per cent sulphur.-
Newcastle 0*94 I
Scotland 1*45 J
Most of the secondary and tertiary coals, on the other hand, contain a larger proportion
of sulphur, usually 2*0 or 3*0 and sometimes as much as even 5*0 or G*0 per cent
The Annual Report of tlie Department of Mines, Sydney, for 1880, contains a very
valuable series of tables, prepared by Mr. A. W. Dixon, F.C.S., to show the compositions of the
New South Wales coals as compared with those from other parts of the world*
Composition of the Ashes, — In the table showing the percentage composition of the ashes
it will be noticeable there are great differences in the amounts of silica, alumina, and of iron
sesquioxide. Some of the ashes, however, in the different groups seem to agree fairly well
together, and although the samples came from different districts, yet it may be that they are
from an extension of the same seam. The composition of the ashes as well as of the coals may
help us to correlate the coal seams of the different districts one with the other, i.e., assist in de-
termining their positions in a geological section of the whole of the coal measures as developed in
different parts of the Colony. Judging frpm the composition of the ashes, one would be inclined
to say, that not only do certain of the coals in each district come from the same seam, but that
the western coals from the Vale of Clwydd and Lithgow Valley belong to the same horizon as
the southern coal from Berrima ; but much importance cannot be attached to this matter,
certainly it would never do to allow the analysis of one specimen only from a given seam, to have
much influence, for although a sample of coal may appear to be free from foreign substances and
to look perfectly uniform to the eye — in fact appear to be homogeneous throughout — ^yet on
analysis it is nearly always found that the different parts of one and the same piece yield different
♦ Vide Percy's " MetaUurgy," vol. i.
167
propoitionB of uh, carbon, hydrogen, &c. Henco, if different portions of the same lump vary, we
may naturally expect that samples taken from different parte of the seam shonld also vary. But
in spite of minor vamtions in different specimens of coal from any given seam we find that on
the average the coal will have a fairly uniform composition ; to obtain uniform and truly repre-
sentative samples portions should be taken of the whole thickness of the seam from different
parts of the working face. It would be welt to take some tons weight of the coal, which should
be broken up into pieces of moderate size and well mixed. From this heap portions should then
be removed, in radial lines cutting down to the centre, and thrown into a smaller heap of a few
hnudred-weights ; after this smaller heap has been well mixed portions should be again romoved
radially and a third time well mixed; this last oouldthen doubtless be regarded as a true sample
and not a mere specimen, as a single lump of coal must necessarily be. Too much care cannot
poesibly be taken over the collection and preparation of samples.
TABLE IL
CouposiTioN OF Coix Abhbs.
NoBTBSRX DUTRICF.
Nome o( Colliery.
«.
„>
1
lifi!!
.. 1 B
Limo. 1
1
i
iii
1^
ll
Aiajj-il.
IS
i
4'M
c-as
ss
T-80
u-3a
•811
fosa
«■»
39»
Mill
4S-67
aa-m
flft-SG
an
W66
sg-M
E8-M
M'68
M-00
■9-!(
i
T'8S' ..
B-fl7. '.
M-M l-tB
IB'M ,,
Zn trace
STM tnice
l-w'tnS.
i'OT ! S-ID
1-37
1-M
B-ie
ttum
Imra
1-S4
11
-8S
■id
::
■as
U^-UlK..
U.«iildge.
Rod Ucul Cool Compuiy
PUon.
„ 2nd tpeoiiaen ....
7!'02
703 tT
fi<H-90
1S173 S-«3
M-31 10-70
BW
3tn
W-M
IB-BO
■ Meu,
11-36 -2S
■Tfl
-SO
t-W.
SonTHEKN District.
W-M
tlBCO
"^
■10
■M
-
ii-as
M-M
MU
v«
■SI
ei-80
687 -M
jjoos
»6W
■W 1 6-60
1-60
■a»
-66
1-M
j-is;
10 M
sane
M-ia
SB)
■02
■ai
-17
■*
«
■15
■Hi
Uvwridg*;
WSSTEKM DiSI
""■
1 :^'
ABIO W«6
68-66, avai
1-39 ■?« -78
l^ao Imcfl 1 1-35
-113. Inure -35
■*0| tIMO ( -S6
■30 ; trace
tnis
■32
"1
-oa
I^VH^dCt.
TakofctwTdd
::::.: o^m
61SraM9B7
a^wj ■?» 1 6^«J
6^il 1 !^78
in \ t-ii
B-MJ ..
Hau
;"»| »■",-»
■■■■1 »l ■"
«| -„
«| .»
■38 ..
168
In the following table the coals are arranged according to their relatiye oalorifio
intensities, the highest being placed at the top : —
TABLE in.
Uliimate Analyses,
I. NoRTHSBN District Coals.
LocaUty.
Wallsend
Waratah
A. A. Co., Newcastle
Greta
Rassell's Mine
Anyil Creek
CardiffMine
The mean
Specific
Gravity
Compoiition per QBut exdaave of water only.
Carbon.
Hydro-
gen.
Oxygen
Nitro-
gen.
Sulphur
1
1-333 179-96
6-26
7-08
0-68
1-25
1-303
81-06
5-81
6-52
1-23
114
1-297
78-76
6-34
7-28
0-79
1-36
1-287
78-41
6-60
9-34
1*43
1-44
1-274
77-37
6-48
10-46
1-51
1-43
1-323
77-15
5-91
6-07
1-46
1-48
1-286
82-25
4-38
6-95
l-OS
0-35
1*300
79-28
5-97
7-67
1-16
1-21
Ash.
4-77
4-24
5-47
2-78
2-75
7-93
5-04
Water
per
cent.
2-75
2-21
2-20
2-25
1-85
1-74
1*853
Ooko
per
cent.
61-86
59-97
62-87
57*13
52-65
56-70
54*43
4*71 2122 I 67*80
Galoriflc
inteniity
(oalcu<
lated).
8323
8271
8235
8208
8034
8009
7867
WaUr eoD-
vertedinto
steam by
lit. coal
with calori-
meter.
13*21
14*30
12*92
13*21
13-21
12-65
8134 13-25
Eekbank 1 1*335
Bowenfells
Lithgow Valley
ValeofClwydd
The mean
1-399
1-329
1-323
1-346
II. Western District Coals.
72-30
70-72
69-41
69-86
5-43
5-65
6-10
5-82
6-65
9*65
11-70
11-89
0-85
0-93
1*03
1*02
160
1*38
1*44
1*40
13.17
11*67
10*32
10-01
200
2*36
1*95
2*10
62*88
62*46
63*18
7426
7246
• 7206
7138
12*65
12-65
12*10
12*10
70*57
5-75
9-97
0*96
1*45
11*29
2*10
62*84
7254
12-37
m. Southern District Coals.
Nattai
Mount Kembla ...
Mount Keira
Bemma
Bum (B. 8mUh)
The mean
• ■ •
91*24
3-60
0-59
• • •
trace
4*56
3*28
92*37
8590
1*363
80-67
5-30
1*58
0-70
0*87
10*88
1*60
• • •
8276
1*379
78-82
5-17
3-87
1-33
1*00
9*81
1*16
74*35
7983
1-364
69-92
4-55
1309
0-56
1-30
10*68
1*70
64*24
6653
1*471
76-35
4-75
5-04
• • •
0*55
13*31
1*03
74*78
■ • ■
1*394
79*401
4-675
4-833
0-52
0.74
9*829
1-733
76*436
7876
XJndet.
13*21
12-92
11*82
12*21
12-64
It is again apparent that the Northern coals as a class are considerably superior to the
Southern coals, which in turn are better than those from the Western districts ; these differences
are shown most plainly in the last two columns, viz., those showing the odculated calorific
intensities and the proportions of water converted into steam by 1 lb. of each of the coals when
burnt in Thomson's calorimeter.
As a class the Northern coals are brighter and more laminated than the Southern and
Western, they yield a larger proportion of volatile hydrocarbons, and are therefore more suitable
for making gas, and furnish bright, hard, sonorous cokes of extremely good quality.
The Southern coals are not so bright, and, unlike the Northern, they do not cake in aa
ordinary open fire, but yield a very good coke when treated in ovens.
The Western coals are of a still drier character and duller appearance ; they only coke
when freshly raised from the mine.
Both of the latter bum with much less smoke than the rich bituminous Northern coaL
BlTuur BhowiiiB th« Qnuititj and Value of Coal produced in the Cdlanj of Hew Soath Wale*
(tFom Uie Annual Reports of the Department of Minea, Sydney).
T«r.
QuMHtj.
Value.
Y«r.
QuttUly.
Vdm
Tom.
50,000
780
4.000
5.000
7.143
e,6l2
8,490
12,392
ia,646
16,083
17,220
21.283
30.256
34,841
30,900
23,S62
23,118
22,324
38.965
40.732
45.447
48.516
71,216
67,010
67,404
06,809
116,642
137,076
£
25.000
394
1,800
2,000
2.500
2,575
3,750
5.463
5,747
7,828
8,399
10,441
lfi,498
20,905
23,940
16,222
12,363
8,769
13,714
13,760
14,275
14,647
23,375
25,546
36.885
78,059
119,380
80,082
Ton*.
189.060
210,434
216.397
308,213
368,862
342,067
♦76,522
433,889
549,012
685.625
774,238
770,012
054,231
919.774
868,564
mju
1,012,426
1,192,862
1,304,567
1,329,729
1,319,918
1.444,271
1,576,497
1,583,381
1,446,180
1,775,224
£
1859
1865
324,049
Tot
Cannel Coal. — Torbanite or Kerosene Shala
The name " keroeene shale," commonly applied to this mineral, it not at all appropriate
The Buhstance does not sufficiently poaseaB Uie properties of a shale, i.e., it htu not the
characteristic lamellar or platy structure of a shale, but the reverse, being very compact and
breaking with large smooth conchoidal surfaces with equal readiness In every direction and
without any tendency to follow the planes of stratification. Ordinarily it is almost devoid of all
traces of stratification, but occasionally indicatioDB can be seen where the mineral is in the form
of sufficiently large blocks, or when it is in situ, but even then the planes of stratification are
mainly rendered visible by the presence of layers or films of earthy matter. Hear the top and
bottom of the deposits the straUfication layers are, however, usually better marked, i.e., where
the shale merges into the roof and floor. The planes of stratification are, however, shown by
the weathered outcrops, and again when the shale is burnt, since it then splits np into more or
leas regular slabs along the lines of deposition.
The so-called " kerosene shale " does not diflfer very widely from cannel coal and
torbanite. Like cancel coal, it usually appears to occur widi ordinary coal in the form of
lenticular deposits. Like cannel coal also, when of good quality it bums readily without melt-
ing, and emits a luminous smoky flame. When heated in a tube it neither decrepitates nor
fiues, but a mixture of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons distils over. It is extremity valuable
for manufacture of illuminating oils and gas. When of good quality it yields from 160 to 180
^dlons of oil per ton.
In colour it varies from a brown-black, at times with a greenish shades to full black.
The lustre varies from resinous to dull. The fracture is usually broad conchoidal, but the o
cavities are sometimes very deep in proportion to their breadth, and at tame* hmg f
160
ooncave-conveix strips can be detached. When struck it emits a dull wooden sound. The
powder is light-brown to grey ; the streak shining. It usually weathers to a light grey colour,
and the surfaces of the joints also are often coated with a film of white day; hence it has received
the name of " White Coal."
It is easily cut into shavings. Thin sections under the microscope present a reticulated
appearance. The network is black and opaque, enclosing brown and amber-coloured translucent
particles.
The Hartley and Murrurundi shales are but slightly soluble, if at all, in alcohol, ether,
carbon disulphide, petroleum, or caustic potash, even when boiled ; but they gelatinize with
boiling sulphuric acid, and evolve a sulphurous acid odour ; with nitric acid they 3rield a yellow
solution. Dr. Helms has kindly ascertained for me that the reputed New Caledonian ** kerosene
shale " behaves in much the same way with these reagents.
Prof. Silliman has proposed the name of WclUmgongite for the mineral ; but this has not
come into general use, neither is it an appropriate name, since the specimen sent to him was not
from WoUongong, but from Hartley. All the WoUongong oil shades which I have seen are of
quite a different character ; they are true shales with well marked lamination, black and fairly
rich in carbon, and with a more or less greasy lustre, and often contain fossil ferns, especially
the fronds of the glossopteris. No chemical examination has yet been made of any of them.
Some of them yield a very large proportion of oil.
Unless it be decided to give the mineral a new name, I would suggest that it would be
better to call it cannel coal or torbanite rather than kerosene shale, since the oil which it yields
is probably not kerosene, and the substance itself is not strictly a shale, and moreover it is
not very widely separated, either in physical properties or in chemical composition, from either
torbanite or the cannel coal&
At Joadja Creek this mineral often contains impressions of the glossopteris and of the
vertebraria. These fossil plant remains are usually best seen in the outcrops of the poorer por-
tions of the shale deposits, and especially where somewhat weathered — the glossopteris fronds
are generally found between the laminae, the vertebraria run across them.
The occurrence of " kerosene shale " near Bathurst is mentioned in a book entitled
Two Years in New Sovih Wales, written by P. Cunningham, Surgeon R.N., published in
London in 1827. He says, p. 4 : — "A singular species of coal has been found at Bathurst,
resembling in some degree the Scotch cannel coal "^ * * being nearly as light, and break-
ing with a similar fracture, while it bums almost with the steady brightness of a candle."
The following account of the discovery of the ^' Kerosene Shale" has been extracted from
MSS of the late Rev. W. B. Clarke, and placed at my disposal by Mr. C. S. Wilkinson : —
'* It has been known for many years that in the vicinity of the Great Western thorough-
fare, and very near to the now-progressing line of railway from Sydney to Bathurst, at the iMise
of Mount York, there exists a bed of coal, which is peculiar in its character and exceedingly
inflammabla lliis property was discovered by the persons occuppng the farm on Heedy Creek,
who occasionally used it for fuel.
"In 1845 Count Strzelecki mentioned it in his 'Physical Description of New South
Wales,' p. 129, as consisting of ' partial outcrops of coal observed in a small valley called the
Beedy Valley (the Vale of Clwydd), north of Mount York and east of Mount CLoirence, and
which seemingly belong to the Newcastle basin — a probability, however, rather invalidated by
the fact of the coals overlying masses of pure bitumen — a circumstance not discovered to exist
elsewhere.*
'^ In 1847 the existence of coalin this position, as ascertained independently by myself
in 1841, was introduced by me to the notice of the Legislative Council*; and in 1861, in a
paper, drawn up at the express desire of my brother commissioner of the International Exhibi-
tion, which was printed in the Sydney Catalogue, I further mentioned that the Reedy Creek
* Report from the Seleet Committee on Coal, &c., ordered by the Council to be printed, 16ih
September, 1847.
161
ooal, and a aimilar mineral at CoUey Greek, on the north side of the Liverpool Range, would be
likely to produce rock oil, and the specific gravity was alluded to as bringing it under close
agreement with the Boghctfui coal of Scotland, viz., 1*204. It was stated that it was highly
conchoidal in fracture, and lies in masses from 6 to 12 inches thick, f In reprinting the Cata-
logue in London the editor, without my authority, chose to strike out the paper in question,
which was intended to information as to the extent of the coal-fields in New South Wales, and
put the title at the head of a paper by another contributor, whose own appropriate description
of his account was coal and collieries. Although this undeserved act had the effect of keeping
out of view of the English reader the notice of the Keedy Creek cannel as oil-bearing, it did
not prevent the turning of it to account by colonial manufactures, and in 1865 a sample of the
oil distilled from it was brought to me. Other persons had formed favourable opinions of its
qualities, and amongst the rest Mr. Watt, an accomplished chemist, for a time attached to the
University of Sydney, brought it still further under notice.
<* As the circumstances connected with what may probably become a source of colonial
wealth are of some historical interest in relation to the geology of New South Wales, the above-
mentioned facts have been related
" Oil-bearing products have already been found in the third ajidjifik divisions ; of these
black cannel occurs in the latter at Stony Creek, near Maitland, on the Hunter Biver ; brown
cannel in the former at Keedy Creek ; and shaly cannel on American Creek, at Blawarra, in
various creeks running into the Wollondilly and Nattai Eivers, in the Grose River, in the
Burralow Creek, a feeder of the latter, and in the Colo River. The Colley Creek cannel, which
approximates to that of Reedy Creek, I believe will also be found to belong to the Upper Coal
Measures."
LoecUiUes, — Hartley, Blackheath, Bathgate, near Wallerawang; Milalong, on the Cox
River ; Mount Megalon, and Mount York, county of Cook ; Stony Creek, county of Wyn-
yard ; Joadja Creek, Berrima, Mount Kembla, Saddle Back, Cambewarra Ranges, Broughton
Creek, and Toonalli River, Burragorang, county of Camden ; Lake Macquarie and Greta,
county Northumberland ; and Colley Creek, near MurrurundL It is said to occur as a 7-foot
seam at a spot some 13 miles N.E. of Parkes, in the county of Ashbumham.
The analyses and descriptions of the specimens numbered 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, and 15 are by
Mr. W. A Dixon, F.O.S.
Greta Mine.
No. 1. The " kerosene shale'' from this mine contains small specks of white day.
Specific gravity, 1*13
FrooDimate AruUf/ais.
Lobs at 100" 1^76
Volatile hydrocarboDB 5S*708
Fixed carbon 27*046
A«h(grey) 15-870
Snlphur -911
100-000
Dried at 100*O.
Ultimate AruUf/ris.
Carbon 06-610
Hydrogen 7*607
Oxygen and nitrogen 9*851
Sufi^ur 'Wi
AMh 16-108
100-000
f ** The Coal-fieldB of New South Wales," communicated by the Eev. W. B. Clarke ; ** Catalogue of
Katoral and Industrial Products of New South Walas, Sydney, 1861," f). 86.
162
Anaiyais of Ash,
SiUca 29-648
Alumina 64*997
Iron sesqoioxide 3*060
Manganese absent
Lime 1-438
Magnesia "250
Potash '748
Soda -365
Phosphoric acid *744
100-625
Na 2. Another sample from the Greta Mine gave the following results : —
Proximate Analysis,
LoesatlOO'C '48
Volatile hydrocarbons 61*18
Fixed carbon 25*13
Ash 13*21
100-00
Hartley.
No. 3. From the central part of a section taken from the Hartley seam, where it is most
free from mineral matter. Exhibited at the Agricultural Society's Show, 1873.
ProxiiruUe Analysis, *
Moisture and volatile hydrocarbons 82*24
Fixed carbon 4-97
Ash 12-79
100-00
Specific gravity, 1 -052.
UUimate Analysis.
Dried at 100** C.
Carbon 69-484
Hydrogen 11-370
Oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur 6-356
Ash 12-790
100-000
Na 4. A specimen from Hartley, examined by Prof. Silliman, and described under the
name of WoUongongite {American Journal of Science and Art, II., xlviii, p. 85) under the
erroneous impression that the mineral came from WoUongong.
Analysis, .
Volatile hydrocarbons, including moisture 82-60
Fixed carbon 6*50
Ash 11-00
100-00
* See *' Minerals of Kew South Wales/* p. 37, by A. liversidge.
163
JoADJA Crbek Mine.
Na 9. Black, with a brownish shade ; breaks with a large and well-marked conchoidal
fracture.
Specific gravity, 1'103.
Proximate Anaiyais,
LoM at 100" C. I'leO
Volatile hydrocarbons 73*964
Fixed carbon 15766
Aih 9-175
Sulphur -636
100-000
The ash is of a grey colour, with a slight reddish tinge.
No. 6. A second specimen had a specific gravity of 1 Odi.
Praxitnaie Analyns.
Loss at 100" C -440
Volatile hydrocarbons 8S*861
Fixed carbon 8*085
Aah 7-075
Sulphur -589
100-000
In this case the ash was practically white.
Na 7. A third specimen from the same locality gave the following results : —
Specific gravity, 1*229.
ProocimcUe Analysts.
LoasatlOOCr -040
Volatile hydrocarbons 82*123
Fixed carbon 7*160
Ash 10*340
Sulphur '337
100-000
Na 8. ProxinuUe Analysis.
Volatile matter 70-00 (including *49 % of sulphur.
Fixedcarbons 8*00
Ash 22-00
100*00
15,399 cubic feet of purified gas per ton of shale.
Illuminating power, 46*35 standard sperm candles.
Hydrocarbons condensible by bromine, 24-05 per cent.
Sulphur in coal, 0*49 per cent.
Tar per ton of shale, 40 gallons.
Liquor „ „ 24 „
The illuminating power of the gas ranges from 38*46 ta 48*32 sperm candles
Specific gravity, 1 -060.
llie above particulars are taken from the catalogue of the Sydney Exhibition, 1879,
Na 9. In speaking of the kerosene mineral from Joadja Creek Mine, near Berrima, Mr.
Dixon says, — ** This mineral resembles the Boghead mineral from Scotland, but is considerably
lighter, having a specific gravity of 1-098 against 1*20. The yield of volatile hydrocarbons
is much greater than from even picked specimens of Boghead, whilst the ash is only half as great
as in that mineral"
Specific gravity, 1-098.
104
Proosfmote Analysis.
Moisture 0'41
Volatile hydrocarboDB ^ 77*07
Fixed carbon 12*1S
Aflh 10-27
Sulphur '12
100*00
The ooke was bright and lustrous.
The ash was white and voluminous.
No. IOL Analysis o/Ash.
Alumina 14*74'
Ferric oxide '76
Lime '80
Magnesia *45
Phosphoric acid *G5.
Alumina 5*40)
Ferric oxide traces > Insoluble in add, 82*62
Silica 77-12 )
Undetermined and loss ^ *68
Soluble in aoid, 16*90
100-00
MUDGEE.
No. 11. Two specimens of shale from Mudgee District, one marked '* 1-foot seam,"
and the oiiier *^ 3-foot seam." The first of them was dark-coloured, gave a dark streak, and
had a slaty fracture in one direction, and a coarse grain and rough fracture at right angles to it
The slaty fracture showed impressions of leaves. The second specimen had a largely conchoidal
coarse-grained fracture, and gave a somewhat lighter streak.
A preliminary examination showed that each gave the same amount of ash, so they were
analysed together, as sent
Spedfic Gravity, 1-728.
Proximate Analysis,
Water 52
Volatile hydrocarbons 33.09
Fixed carbon ll'OO
Ash 55-08
Sulphur -31
100-00
No true coke was formed, a black, incoherent powder being left The aah was white in
the i-foot, and pinkish in the 3-foot seam. The small amount of hydrocarbons^ and the large
percentage of a^, renders them of little value for producing either oU or gas.
MURRURUNDI.
No. 12. A specimen from this locality, of a dark grey, almost black colour, bat spotted
with small specks of a white clay^like substance, gave the following results : —
Fraximaie Arudyis,
Loss at 100" C 1*165
VolatUe hydrocarbons 71*882
Fixed carbon 6*467
Ash 19*936
Sulphur -649
99*999
Dried at lOO* C.
16^
UlUmate AnatystB,
Carbon 06-788
Hydrogen 9*712
Oinrsen and nitrogen 2*774
Sulphar '565
Aah 20*171
100-000
No. 13. A very similar mineral is said to have been found in New Caledonia; the
physical properties are the same, and the chemical composition is shown by the following
analysis : —
Molfltiire .«. *55
Volatile hydrocarbons ....• 64*62
Fixed carbon ; 8*71
Aah 26*12
lAM
100*00
Ash, — White, with fkint pink tinge. "" -
Does not yield a coke, only a black powder.
Specific gravity, 1 *238.
Mr. "HoSf of New Caledonia, informs me that the specimen had probably been taken from
New South Wales, and found its way back to Sydney as a New Caledonian product
Tabraba.
Na 14. A rather dull black-coloured shale, having a oonchoidal fracture^ a greasy feel,
ttnd giving a black streak and ^powder, from Tarraba.
Si^cific gravity, 1 '247.
ProxvnuUe AnaHytis,
Water 2*74
Volatile hydrooarfoona 48*61
Fixed carbon 32*72
Ash 20*12
Solphor '81
10000
This shale did not coke; a loose, black, incoherent powder being left on heating. The
ash was reddish-white in colour, and voluminous ; the separate grains of the material retaining
their shape and individuality. This would not be of any value as an oil-making material ; but
would be of value for gas-making for local use.
The following analyses of Torbanite, Oannel Coal, and Albertite were expr^usly made to
see how they compare in composition with the New South Wales kerosene shale : —
Torbanite.
Torb<me HUly EdMiJlywrgh,
No. 15. Black brown colour, light brown streak, fiat conchoidal fractura Scattered
over with minute glistening particles.
Spedfio gravity, 1*316.
ProxiftuUe Ancdyaia.
LoM at 100" C '720
Volatile hydrocarbons, &o 69*006
Fixed ciM^bon 9*046
Aril (white) 20*640
100*000
Does not form a coke ; a black powder only is left — ■ —
Caknel Coal.
Wijian^ England.
Na 16. Blacki well marked conchoidal fracture, shining streak aad Iblaok powder.
Specific gravity, 1*259.
166
FroQcimaie An(dyi%$,
L088 at lOO' C 1-464
Volatile hydrocarboDB, &c 45*900
Fixed carbon 46'519 J ■(o.am ««Vi»
ABh 7.117 I 62 036 coke.
100-000
A bright lustrous coke is found, somewhat cauliflower-like in form.
Albebtite.
New Brunswick,
Na 17. Intensely black, highly lustrous with well marked conchoidal fracture.
Specific gravity, 1 -1 05.
Proximate Anah/sia,
Volatile hydrocarbons, &c. 57*490
Fixed carbon 42-066
A«h '424
100-000
The ash is of a very pale brown colour. ■
The coke is highly lustrous, much swollen, hollow like a bladder, with smooth outward
surface.
Htdrogarbok — ^Waratah Mine.
Amongst the specimens in the University collection is a piece of grey-colourecl ahale con-
taining a curious more or less rectangular pipe-like perforation filled with a carbonaceous mineral^
There is no history to this specimen, but it is labelled *' over the Waratah seam," hence
it doubtless came from the ooUiery of that name.
The mineral is jet bUck, highly lustrous, very brittle, breaking into long more or less
regular four-sided prismatic pieces. These prisms run at right angles to two of the walls of the
pipe. The cross fracture is conchoidal — the powder or streak is black.
The powdered mineral is insoluble in alcohol, bisulphide of carbon, benzol, ether,
ammonia, caustic soda, and sodium hyposulphite, but it is partly soluble in boiling nitric add,
yielding a brown solution.
Readily inflammable, does not fuse, bums with a smoky luminous flame and disagreeable
smell.
On platinum foil swells up but slightly.
Specific gravity, 1 *30. Hardness about 2.
Proximate Analyats.
LoBsatlOO'^C 3-600
Volatile hydrocarbons, &c 29*174
Sr^.!!*!^.::;;;;;;;;:::::::;::::^ 1^! cote, 64-836%
Sulphur/....//..//.//"//..//..../////////.!!//////.*/.*.//.^ 2-380
99-990
The ash is of a rich brown colour, light and spongy. No true coke is formed ; the residue
fritts together and swells up slightly.
Ultimate Analysis,
Moisture at 100^ C :... 8-600
Carbon 70-246
Hydrogen 5-080
Oxygen 17-630
SBlphur 2-380
Ash 1-064
100-000
It does not quite agree with any described mineral, but on the whole it seems to resemble
albertite more closely than any other. The composition does not yield a satisfactory formula.
It is perhaps unnecessary to make a new mineral species of this substance.
167
TABLE IV.
" KEBOSBins Shales," compared with other Hydrocarbons.
Locality.
MoiiiayQ.
VolAtUe
Hydro-
Gftrbona.
Joadja Greek ,
BtoleyVtle
Joadja Creek
Hitftley Vale
Joadja Creek
Joadja Creek
Cannel Coal, Mold Fliote
Mnrmnindi
Toribaaite, Torbane Hill
Oannel Coal, Scotland
Torbanite, Torbane Hill
New Caledonia (Hartley's) ....
OretaMine
Albertite, from New Bmnewick
Grata Mine
Cannel Coal, Wigan
0*44
oiM
04*1
116
life
0-720
0-65
0-48
1-476
1*464
83-861
82*50
82*123
82*24
77-07
73-364
72-08
71*882
71-17
6977
69-695
64-62
61*18
57*490
53*798
45*900
Fixed
Ourbon.
8*036
6*50
7*160
4-97
12*13
15-765
21-91
6*467
7-65
10-45
9*046
8*71
25*13
42-086
27*946
45*519
Ash.
7*075
11*0
10*340
12*79
10*27
9*175
6-01
19-936
21*18
19-78
20-540
26-12
13*21
0-424
15.870
7*117
Sulphur.
Specific
Gravity.
AniOyrt.
0-589
0-337
012
0-536
0-549
0911
1*054
1*229
1*052
1*098
1*103
1*170
1*316
1*238
1*100
1*130
1-259
Liversidge.
B. Sillimian.
Liyersidge*
ft
W.A.I>ixon.
liversidge.
Percy.
Ldyersidge.
How,
Percy.
liversidge.
t*
It
•I
II
i>
The following table was prepared by Professor Chandler, of Columbia College, New Torky
to compare the Hartley mineral with Grahamite and Albertite, both of which are used for
enriching gas : —
Grahamite, West Va.
Albertite, Kova Sootia
Hartley mineral, N» S. Wales
Volatile
matter.
Fixed
Carbon.
Ashw
Om per too
of 2,240 ItM.,
in cubic feet
Cuidle
power of
Ooke per Urn of
S,S401b8.
Om Dorifled by
1 buihel of lime,
in cubic feet
53-50
57*70
82*50
41*50
41*90
6*50
2*00
0*40
11*00
15*000
14*784
13-716
28*70
49-55
131*00
ibe.
1,056
806
424
Buihels.
44
16
5,686
Betum showing the quantity and value of Shale produced in the Colony of New South
Wales :—
Year. Qusntity. Value.
Tons. £
1865 670 2,860
1866 2,770 8,164
1867 4,079 16,249
1868 ; 16,952 48,816
1869 7.500 18,750
1870 8,580 27,570
1871 14,700 34,060
1872 11,040 28,700
1873 17,850 60,476
1874 12,100 27,300
1876 6,197 16,600
1876 ...: 15,998 47,994
1877 18,963 46,524
1878 24,371 67,211
1879 32,519 66,930
1880 19,201 44,725
1881 27,894 40,748
Total 241,284 681,046
X
166
Jet.
A true jet which takes a high polish and breaks with a oonohoidal fracture, occurs as
occasional layers in the *^ shede " at Hartley, Joadja Creek, and other places ; but up to the
present time no seams exceeding one-third of an inch in thickness have been found.
Lignite. — Brown coal.
Chem. comp. : Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and ash. This substance may be looked upon
as an imperfect coal, being intermediate in composition between wood and coaL In some nsaw
it still retains the original fibrous woody structure ; in other cases it is shaly or massiva
Found at iSiandra, where there is said to be a bed of lignite 30 feet in thickness.
Brown, but black in parts, with a pitchy lustre; fracture subconchoidal ; exhibits woody
structure. On the Lachlan Biver, where it possesses a platy structure ; Dubbo ; found aJso
on Mr. Berry's land, at the mouth of the Shoalhaven, at a depth of 12 feet ; also at Turalla
Creek, county of Argyle, i*etains original structure of the wood, and has much the same appear-
ance as " bog oak."
At Chonta, between Tura and Boonda, about 42 miles north of Cape Howe, thero aie
beds of lignite, cliarged with iron pyrites, in association with kaolin ; the clay containing the
lignite is said to yield a fair proportion of lubricating oiL A so-called Ugnite occurs at
Bowihda Cliff.
In preparing the foundation for the bridge over the Parramatta River some wood was
found at a depth of 44 feet, passing into the state of lignite. The colour was very dark, being
almost equal to that of bog oak.
The air-dried specimen sunk when immersed in water, being somewhat denser.
Proocimate Analysis.
Moisture at 100' C 20*82
Combtuitible matter 68*97
Aah 10-21
100-00
The ash contains iron, alumina, lime, baryta, magnesia, potash, and soda, in combiiiatioii
with silica, sulphuric, hydrochloric, and phosphoric acids.
Rbsikitb.
Baportod to occur on the Clarence River.
Bog Butter.
A soft, white, sotnewhat imctuous substance, like fat, only less greasy; inclined to
crumble to pieces when pressed. Probably a form of (uUpocere,
Found between Twofold Bay and Brogo.
Dried at IOC* C.
UUimaU Analysis.
Carbon 80*648
Hydrogen 6-618
Nitrogen 6*461
Oxygen 1*668
Ash 6*720
100*000
The above results do not afford a satisfactory formula.
Mineral Wax. — Ozokerite.
Chem. comp. : Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Of a brown-grey colour. Breaks with a
subconchoidal fractura Coola.
169
Bitumen.
Mr. Bolding, Commissioner for Crown Lands, informs me that bitumen oozes out of a
sandstone rock, at a place some 15 or 20 miles from Coonanbarabran, on a creek which flows
into the Castlereagh River.
Elaterite. — Elastic bitumen.
Chem. comp. : Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. At Reedy Creek or Petrolia there is
said to be a band of thin and very elastic substance like elaterite.
Class II.
Sulphur.
Native Sulphur.
Occurs in small quantities as a sublimate from the vents of Mount Wingen, the so-called
*^ Burning Mountain,^' in association with iron sulphate and various other salt>s.
Also found in minute crystals in the cavities of auriferous quartz veins on the Louisa
Creek, county of Wellington, in association with heematite and zinc blende.
It is said to occur at Tarcutta, county of Wynyai'd.
Class III.
Salts.
Common Salt.
Chem. comp. : Sodium chloride, NaCl. Common in most spring waters ; occasionally
found as an incrustation from the evaporation of lakes and waterholes. Found in rock crevices
near Picton.
Natron.
Chem. comp. : Hydrated sodium carbonate, NajCOsylOHjO. Said to occur as a deposit
from the Mud Wells in the Namoi Scrub.
Epsomite.
Chem. comp. : Hydrated magnesium sulphate, MgSO^, THjO. Occurs as an efflorescence
in the caves and under overhanging rocks of the Hawkesbury sandstone ; usually masses of
fibrous crystals are met with, sometimes 5 or 6 inches in length, of a beautiful white silky
lustre. The crystals are usually curved at the free end ; also in radiate groups of small crystals.
Very fine specimens have been obtained from Daboe and Mudgee, county of Phillip ; Wallera-
wang, county of Cook ; the Great Western Mines, Icely, and Burragorang.
With feather alum in caves in the coal measures, at Cullen Bullen ; and the Turon Dis-
trict, county Roxburgh ; and Manero.
Alunogen. — Halotrichite, Feather Alum. Sulphate of Alumina.
Chem. comp. : Hydrated aluminium sulphate, AlsOsjdSOs, ISHjO. Commonly called
''alum," from its astringent taste, but potassium sulphate is usually present in but small
quantity.
Commonly met with as an efflorescence in caves and under sheltered ledges of the Coal
Measure sandstone, usually with Epsomite, as at Dabee, county of Phillip ; WaJlerawang and
Mudgee Road, county of Cook ; the mouth of the Shoalhaven River, and other places. Also
found in the cn^vices of a blue-slate at Alum Creek, and at the Gibraltar Rock, coim.ty Argyle.
Occurs as a deposit with various other salts from the vents at Mount Wingen, county of Bris-
bane, together with native sulphur in small quantities ; and at Appin, BuUi, and Pitt Water,
county of Cumberland. At Cullen Bidlen, in the Turon District, county of Roxburgh ; at Tar-
cutta, county of Wynyard ; and Manero.
170
A specimen in the form of fibrous masses, msde up of long, acicular crystals, white, silky
lustre, like satin spar, found as an efflorescence in a sandstone cave near Wallerawang, was
found to have the following composition : —
Analysis,
Water 47-686
Matter inaolable in water 1*079
Alamina 16*198
Sulphuric acid 84-636
Soda *S31
Potaah -337
Lo88 -236
100-000
The formula for the above is practically AlaO,3SOs + ISHgO.
Another specimen from the same place was found to contain a notable quantity of mag-
nesium sulphate.
Analysis.
Water, by diflference 47*388
Silica 1-908
Alumina 13*113
Sulphuric acid 83*067
lime -798
Magnesia 3*726
100*000
The formula for the above is also practically Al^OjSSOj + 18H,0.
Mr. W. A. Dixon has also examined a specimen of this halotrichite, as follows : —
" A yellowish-white porous mass, containing numerous tufls and masses of acicular crystals
(hair salts) from Bungonia, gave on analysis : —
Analysis.
■ Soluble in water.
Sulphuric oxide 23*74^
Sulphurous ,, traces
Alumina .. 11'65
Ferrous oxide 1*10
Magnesia *99
Potash 1*86
Soda traces.
K-'^a'!;;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;;;:;;;;:;;;;:;:;;;;;;;.:::::::::::::: JZ \ soi«bie in .dd.
Silica 32-25
Water 27*12
10012
" It is somewhat difficult to state the proximate constituents of this substance, as there
is not enough sulphuric acid present to form normal salts, nor enough water to yield with the
sulphate of alumina the usual crystalline salt The probable contents are : —
Sulphate of alumina and potash (alum) 10*61
,, „ magnesia (Epsom salts) 6*09
,, „ iron (copperas) 3*68
„ „ alumina (AI2 O3 ,3SOs ) 23-06
Basic sulphate of alumina (SAljOs, SOs ) 3-60"
Websterite.
Chem. comp. : Aluminium sulphate. Beported to occur on Brush Greek, Dumareeq
River, county of Arrawatta.
171
Class IV.
Earthy Minerals.
Oalcitb. — Iceland spar, Limestone, and Marble.
Chem. oomp. : Calcium carbonate, CaCOg. Hexagonal system. Sometimes well-developed
crystalB are met witL The usual forms are rhombohedra and their combinations, also combined
with the terminal pinakoid or o p plane, and occasionally scalenohedra. I have not as yet
observed the prism among the New South Wales forms.
The localities for calcite are extremely numerous, as it is not only met with wherever
limestone occurs, but it is also a common substance in mineral veins.
Icela/nd spar occurs in small crystals near Dubbo.
Large well-developed flat rhombohedral crystals of calcite occur, associated with quartz,
in the joints and cavities which exist in the basalt of the Pennant Hills, near Farramatta ; at
Gunnedah and Manilla. It is also met with in the quartz veins in association with, and as the
matrix o^ gold, as at Gulgong and other places. It is sometimes present in the joints in sand-
stone, as at the Cataract Eiver.
Opaque white calcite occurs at Capertee, county of Hunter ; in serpentine at Jones'
Creek, neap Gundagai. Impure calcite in radiate groups of opaque white crystals occurs at
Dunlop, Darling River. Good specimens have been obtained from Carwell. Crystals of black
calcite have be^ found at Dayspring, Parkes, and WoUongong.
Marble. — Several beds of very fine marble, or crystalline limestone, occur in different
parts of the Colony, as at WoUondiUy, whence one of the marbles, used in paving the great hall
of the University, the Post OflEice, and other public buildings in Sydney, has been obtained.
Much of the Wollondilly so-called " white marble " is of a creamy tint, variegated with pale red
and light blue streaks. A slate-coloured marble, used in the same buildings, is brought from
Marulan, near Goulbum. There is a beautiful white saccharoid marble at Cow Flat, near
Bathurst, a brecciated slate-coloured marble streaked with white calcite occurs at Wallerawang,
county Cook, under the following circumstance&
" Between the iron ore deposits and the coal seam outcrops there is seen an outcrop of
limestone abutting against Devonian or Upper Silurian slates. Both the slates and the Ume-
stone are here standing at a high angle. The limestone does not show the dip so distinctly as
the slates, for the lines of bedding have been almost completely obliterated, but the dip appears
to be about 75° to the eastward, and the strike nearly N. and S. At the junction of the two
the limestone has evidently undergone disturbance and is much brecciated, and includes within
it fragments of the slate. Some of the included slate contains small crystals of iron pyrites
disseminated through it. In colour the limestone is of a bluish-grey or slate-colour, much
veined with white calcite. The slate-coloured portions break with a sHght crystalline appear-
ance, but the calcite veins show the rhombohedral cleavage of that mineral on a large scale.
Its extension can be traced for a long distance to the north." — ^* Iron and Coal Deposits at
Wallerawang," Jovr. Royal Society of N,S,W,f 1874.
Beautiful marbles occur at Mudgee and Orange ; also at Wellington, celebrated for its
cave& At Bangalore, on the Goulburn Plains, there is found a white crystalline marble ; at
Yass and Queanbeyan, county Murray ; good grey and white crystalline marbles are found along
the banks of the Mumimbidgee ; the Belubula River and the Conomodine Creek, in the Orange
District. Blue-grey limestone at Warialda, county Burnett The outcrops of small seams of
grey crystalline limestone or marble are seen exposed in the Minumurra Greek, near Jamberoo,
county Camden, interbedded with the coal, shale, and sandstones of that district.
A specimen from a 2-inch band in the Minumurra Creek was slightly dystalline, of a
grey colour, with a few thin streaks of a lighter colour. Small patches of a pale green mineral
were detected in parts, something like glauconite in appearance.
172
It contained a considerable amount of impurity, and left a noticeable residue when decom-
posed with hydrochloric acid.
Specific gravity, 2*679.
Analysis,
Water loetat 105*0 -73
,, combined 2*00
Silica and substances insoluble in acid 13*06
Soluble silica '52
Iron sesquioxide 6*02
,, protoxide 3*52
Alumina '46
lime 38-27
Strontia traces
Carbonic acid 8570
Loss '70
100*00
A jet black marble, traversed by veins of white calcite, occurs at Armprior, Shoalhaven.
Variegated and white statuary marbles occur about 4 miles north of ParkeSi in the
county of Ashbumham.
In the county of Eoxburgh, at Mitchell's Greek ; near Bathurst ; in the county of Argyle,
at Marulan and Murrumbateman ; at Bookham and Marsden, county of Harden ; in the county
of Georgiana, at the Abercrombie Caves, and Hockley ; at the Manning River ; in the county of
Ashbumham, at Carrawabbity, and near Forbes ; at Port Stephens, county of Gloucester ; at
Tarrabandra, near Tumut, county of Wynyard, there is a richly variegated marble ; Tarrago
Greek ; Yass Plains, county of King ; Havilah, near Mudgee, and Wellington, county of Wel-
lington ; at Wallabadah, county of Buckland
A dark bluish grey limestone, full of fossils, Atrypa, from Windellama Creek, county of
Argyle, gave the following results : —
Aiialj/sis,
Water, at 100' C -071
Silica 2-208
Alumina and traces of iron 1*003
Lime 54*602
Magnesia absent
Potash trace
Soda trace
Chlorine trace
Carbonic acid 42*369.
9G-971 carbonate of lime.
100-253
A white crystalline limestone from Wallerawang gave —
Analysis,
Carbonic acid 42-33
Lime 53-42
Magnesia '56
Ferric oxide -75
Alumina traces
Phosphoric oxide 'll
SiUca 2-90
100-07
178
The following five analyses and descriptions are by Mr. W. A. Dixon (Report of the
Mining Department^ Sydney, 1880^ : —
A grey crystalline limestone, from Wollongong, contained —
Analysis,
Carbonate oflime 74*28'
„ magnesia *82
Alumina 1*46 • Soluble in acid, 80*10
Oxide of iron 3*12
Phosphoric oxide '42.
Alumina 5*80 ) ▼ i i.i • 'j t4* a^
SDica 10*69 { I°«>l«We in acid, 16*49
Oganio matter and ^fater 3*71
100*30
Limestones from Bulli were found to have the following compositions : —
Analyses,
No. 1. Ko. 2.
Moisture and organic matter ... 3*95 2*82
A
Carbonate of calcium 62*44
„ magnesium *36
Alumina 2*96
Oxide of iron 4*09
Alkalies and loss 17^
Lime *84 ' —
Alumina and traces oxide of iron 2*10 —
Silica 23*09 1*94
{92*04^
1*32
1*02
63
*23J
Soluble in acid.
100*00 100*00
Wallerawang Reserva
A subcrystalline, containing fossils such as corals, encrinites and other similar forms,
which ha^ weatibered and become exposed on the surface. In colour almost white, mottled with
pale-grey, and further variegated by occasional brown sti*eaks. Should polish well.
Analysis,
Silica and insoluble matter -. 00*720
Sesquioxide of iron and alumina 1*100
Lime 64096
Magnesia ^ *667
Oarbonio acid 42*704
Undetermined '813
100000
Tarrabandra.
A subcrystalline limestone ; but rather more crystalline than that from Wallerawang
Beserve. In colour almost white, possessing but a pale buff shade marked with bluish grey
bands. It is probable that this marble would take a rather better polish than the former.
Analysis,
Silica and insoluble matter 00*160
Sesquioxide of iron and alumina 1*750
lime 64-600
Carbonic acid 42*898
Magnesia *606
100018
Oolitic Limestones, — A limestone of this structure is said to occur on the Page River
county of Brisbane.
174
Ooncretions, — Calcareous concretions are common in the black and chooolate obloored
soils of igneous origin, which occur in various parts of the Colony, such as on the Liyerpool
Plains, New England, Gwydir District, Hunter River District, and at Scone, and in numerous
other localities where there is a soil derived from the decomposition of a basaltic or other igneous
rock.
Dana describes in the Geology, of tlie United States Exploring Expedition round the
Worlds 1838-42, some ''calcareous concretions of remarkable prismatic forms, occurring in clay
at Glendon, probably pertaining to the sandstone rocks. Some of the crystals are 20 inches
long, the average size being 3 or 4 inches. They have a rhombic form, and taper towards each
extremity, the two ends curving slightly in opposite directions. Stars of four and six rays, and
also globular masses, bristled on all sides with the ends of prisms are common among them.
They have a very rough brownish exterior, like a fragment of sandstone ; and within, instead of
the regular cleavage structure of a proper crystal, the texture is crystalline granular. A surface
of fracture glistens like a fine-grained statuary marble, though less bright. An attempt was
made to burn them for lime, but they crumbled and so clogged the fire that it was abandoned.
"At one of the localities the specimens are coated with minute crystals of gypsum ; they
were probably formed through the decomposition of iron pyrites, this mineral giving rise to the
sulphuric acid which united with the lime of the concretions. The rough surface of these
rhombic concretions may have arisen from erosion by this process, or by the action of water
percolating through the clay." *
Arraoonite.
Chem. comp. : Calcium carbonate, CaCOg.
Khombic system. Good crystals of this form of carbonate of lime are perhaps more
common than of the mineral calcite, especially upon stalactites in certain of the limestone
caves, and as enclosures within the amygdaloidal cavities of basalt
Beautiful groups of crystals and bunches of Jios ferri have been obtained from the lime-
stone caves at Lob^s Hole, the Coodradigbee, county Cowley ; the junction of Cotter's River and
the Murrumbidgee, county Murray ; and from near Bungonia, county Argyle. It also occurs
at the Cataract River, and fair specimens of stalactitic arragonite are to be seen at Port
Hacking. The more or less spherical concretions termed "cave pearls " by Professor Boyd
Dawkins, F.R.S., are also found in some of the above caves, notably those at the CooA:adigbee.
Arragonite occurs in vesicular basalt at Cherry-tree Hill neur Mudgee, groups of radiating
crystals several inches in length are met with in a similar rock at Inverell in serpentine on the
Peel River, and on the Liverpool Plains ; Jordan's Hill, Cudgegong, county Wellington ; at
the Brick Kiln, Rock Flat, in radiate columnar crystals of variegated green and white colours.
Calcareous Tufa^ TravertinCy or Fresh-water Limestone. — At Burragorang, at Waibong,
Picton, county Camden ; Quialago Creek, Goulburn Plains, and at Newstead Station, New
England, county Gough.
The fresh water limestone at Newstead is of a greyish white colour, and is as shown by the
following analysis very impure.
Specific gravity = 2*69.
Analysis.
Moisture, at lOCfO '786
Alumina 6-988'^
Iron Bcsquioxide 1*760
Manganese protoxide '989
»^eiik"\;.*;;;;;!;;.'.';;;;;:.';;;*.!".;;;!*.;;*.!!.'.'.*.:!!!*..'.*. ^^-575 j^sokwe in hydrochiono wid.
Potash -853
Soda -598
Oarbonic acid 8*450^
^iU^lZZ''ZZZZZ^[ZZZZZ^ U 116 ] I°80^»^We in hydroohtoric acid
Loss -434
100000
m
FLUOltSPAR.
Chem. comp. : Cedcium fluoride, CaFj. Crystallized in the cubical system.
Up to the priBsent it has apparently only been found in the massive state, or in but very
imperfect octohedial crystals. This mineral has been met with in several places in the Nev^
England District, near to Inverell, at Elsmore ; at the Boundary, Sydney and Caledonian Tin-
mines, on Cope's and Middle Creeks, county Hardinge, where it is found in association with tin-
stone, a green steatitic clay, copper pyrites, galena, quartz, molybdenite, and other minerals, all
of wnich may often be seen in one hand specimen.
It also occurs at South Wiseman's Creek, county Westmoreland, in association with
copper ores; on Mitchell's Creek, county of Hoxburgh; in certain cases the fluor is much
fissUlnad, and the cracks are filled in with red oxide and blue carbonate of copper, which impart
to the mineral a very pretty and ornamental appearance, and it would in consequence probably
serve for inlaid work. At Woolgarloo Lead-mines and Silverdale it is found in the massive
state as the matrix of galena ; where it is usually opaque or but semi-translucent, white, with
pale-bluish or purple veinings.
Mr. Wilkinson reports its presence in the Devonian beds at Mount Lambie, county
Cook ; also at GoVs Creek, near Wallerawang, where it occurs in small veins, traversing a
f elspathic rock
Selenite — Gypsum.
Chem. comp. : Hydrated calcium sulphate, CaS04,2H30. Rhombic system* Found
crystallized in clay on the Darling River. Also on the Bogan River. Occurs near Singleton,
and on Ash Island, on the Hunter River, county of Northumberland; on the Cudgegong
River, county of Phillip ; Lake Cobham ; the Grey Ranges, county of Evelyn ; Bungonia,
county of Argyle ; at Cooma, county of Beresford ; at Irrawang ; and near Tass, county of
Eling. Of commercial value for the manufacture of Plaster-of -Paris and other cements.
Apatite.
Chem. comp. : Chloro-phosphate of calcium, SCaaPjOg, Ca(FCl). Crystallizes in the
hexagonal system, in the form of six-sided prisms. It is reported to occur in well-formed
czystals with bitter spar on the Lachlan, between Boco Rock and Wog-wog, and with graphite
and quartz at the head of the Abercrombie River, county Georgiana; also on the Clarence River.
This mineral is of considerable commercial value.
I have not yet met with any strontium minerals in New South Wales, nor do there
appear to be any records of their discovery.
Barytes. — Heavy Spar.
Chem. comp. : Barium sulphate, BaSOi. Rhombic system. With fibrous and massive
green carbonate of copper, copper pyrites, and galena, at Cambalong, Merinoo, county Wellesley.
Also with antimony ochre, near Kempsey, county of Dudley, with copper carbonates at Bibin-
luke, near Bombala, county of Wellesley ; on Euroka Creek with iron oxides ; at Winterton
Mine, Mitchell's Creek, Bathurst District, in more or less well formed small tabular crystals asso-
ciated with gold and other minerals ; a vein of barytes twelve inches in width is said to exist at
Croker's, on the Rocky Bridge Creek.
Dr. Hector, F.R.S., Director of the Geological Survey of New Zealand, reports having
found a vein of barytes, in 1877, on the Canobola Rang^, between the Lachlan and Belubula
rivers, near the junction of the Devonian limestone, with diorite schists intersected by porphyries
and handk of serpentine. The barytes contains a little copper and is associated with micaoeooa
iron in lamellar crystals which are so thin as to be translncenl
176
Brucitb.-— Magnesiam Hydrate.
Chem. oomp. : MgO,H,0 or MgHaOa«MgO 69-0; water, 310 = 100.
Crystallizes in the hexagonal system in rhombohedral foims. Said to occur on Louisa
Greek, county of Wellington.
Htdrotaloite.
A hydrate of alumina and magnesia.
This is a soft, white, and pearly mineral, with a greasy feel Said to occur in New South
Wales.
Magnesite.
Chem. comp. : Magnesium carbonate, MgCOj. It is most commonly found maasiye, or
in concretions, having a mammillated or botryoidal form.
H. = 4 to 5. Specific gravity, 2*94.
It is found in New England in various places, and upon the diamond-fields at Bingera,
county of Murchison ; and near Mudgee ; when impure it is of a grey or grey-brown colour, but
when pure it is of a dazzling white ; compact, tough, and breaks with a flat conchoidal fracture.
It adheres to the tongue, and has a very cold feel like porcelain.
It effervesces with hydrochloric acid, but with difficulty.
At the diamond-diggings at Two-mile Flat, near Mudgee, pure white magnesite was
observed to form by the spontaneous decomposition of the heaps of refuse from the miners'
shafts ; pebbles were quickly cemented together by it.
The late Dr. Thomson, of the Sydney University, found that the magnesite thus formed,
and incrusting rubbish heaps, timber, old tools, &c,, had the following composition : —
Agenesia 46*99
CarDonicacid 49*78
Water 4*08
100*85
Specific gravity = 2*94.
lliis magnesite sometimes contained calcite. It was also observed under the same circum-
stances on Cunningham's Diggings on the east side of Cudgebegong Creek, and there with a
peculiar vermicular or worm-like form.
Other localities are the Lachlan Kiver, Mooby Gully, Scone, county of Brisbane ; Louisa
Creek, county of Wellington ; Barraba, county of Darling ; Lewis Ponds Creek, county of
Wellington.
Dolomite, — ^A double carbonate of lime and magnesia. Found at Carwell, Shoalhaven
District.
Wavellite.
Chem. comp. : A hydrated aluminium phosphate. A yellow mineral, reported to be
Wavellite, with a radiate structure is found in the fissures of the felstone pebbles common in
Bat's Castle Creek, Two-mile Flat, Mudgee.
Silica.
Quartz. — Bock crystal.
Chem. comp. : Silica. Hexagonal system. Found in nearly all parts of the Colony, and
in crystals more or less perfectly developed ; the most common form is the prism combined with
the pyramid. Occasionally the prisms are closed at both ends by planes of the pyramid ; also
as double pyramids ; such crystals are, however, usually small and generally occur in quartz
porphyries, or are derived from the decomposition of such, found at Glenlyon, Home Bule, and
Cooyal, county of Phillip ; Solferino, county of Drake ; and Peel River, county of Parry.
Occasionally some very large crystals are found, notably at Newstead Tin-mine, New
England, where, in one of the shafts, crystals of nearly 1 cwt. were met with ; within these,
crystals of tinstone were often found disseminated.
177
Large crystals of smoky quartz are common almost througliout New England, as at
Bingera, county of Murchison ; smoky brown Cairngorm with limpid quartz crystals are plentiful
in Ranger's Valley, River Severn, and Inverell, county of Gough ; Macintyre River, Middle
Creek, and Byron's Plains, in the same county ; and at Oban ; Cope's Creek, county of Hardinge ;
UraUa, county of Sandon ; Mudgee, county of Phillip. Some of the rock crystals found in
the alluvial tin deposits present a very pretty appearance, from the presence of numerous minute
fissures and internal films, streaks and patches of yellow, orange, and red colours. Most of
the crystals from New England have one face of the pyramid much more largely developed, so
much so in some cases as to almost obliterate the other faces.
Elongated pyramids containing disseminated crystal of cassiterite are common at the
Albion Tin-mine ; these crystals of quartz are dull and slightly rough on three of the faces, and
bright on the opposite three.
White, colourless, and tinted quartz, pseudomorphous, after calcite, and other miner^
is abundant in some portions of the Yass District.
Quartz crystals with rounded edges and dull surfaces, as if acted upon by hydrofluoric add'
occur in the coarse-grained granite on Mann's River.
Quartz crystals are common near the junction of the Turon and Macquarie Rivers ; at
Bukkulla, county Arrawatta, clear and brilliant crystals ; the Diamond Mountain, Cudge-
gong, Macquarie River ; in an amygdaloidal basalt. Deep Lead, Gulgong Rush, countv Phillip ;
at Carcoar, containing lamellar magnetite, also with a pale blue quartz. Well-developed and
briUiiuit crystals from Bullamalite Creek, a tributary of the Mulwaree, near Goulbum, at Gurra-
^ngamore and other places on the Goulbum Plains ; the Lachlan River ; at Cooma and
Kiandra, county Wallace ; the Murrumbidgee ; in the Naas Valley, county Cowley, with
tourmaline and schorl ; between Pambula and Eden, with molybdenite.
Beautifully formed clear and transparent rock crystal occur on the Louisa Creek, county
of Wellington. Also citrine, red, amethyst, and opaque white, remarkable in certain cases for
the peculiar yellow and iridescent tarnish of many specimens. Peculiarly flattened forms are
also found here, with four faces of the pyramid enormously developed ; the remaining two
being so much i*educed, to a mere line almost, as to give the crystal the appearance of a rather
acute rhombic pyramid.
Up to the present the number of substances which I have observed enclosed within
quartz crystals found in this Colony is not great
Endomorphs in Quariz GrystaJla,
\, Aotinolite — Mowembah, Merrendee, on the Meroo, a tributary of the Cudgegongi
coiinty Wellington.
2. Asbestos — XJralla, county Sandon.
3. Cassiterite or Tinstone — Albion and Newstead Mines, New England.
4. Epidote — ^Towamba and Manero, Morullan, on the Gwydir River.
5. Argentiferous Galena — New Summer's Hill, Bathurst
6. Gold — Boro Creek and other places, county Murray ; rough vein quartz is the com-
monest matrix of gold.
7. Graphite — Head of Abercrombie River, county Georgiana.
8. Orthoclase felspar — ^Two-mile Flat, Mudgee, county Phillip.
9. Molybdenite — Bullio Flat, near Goulbum, county Argyla
10. Rutile.
11. Schorl and tourmaline — Murrumbidgee.
z
178
P8eudomorph8,'^Tha,t is, quartz possessing the external form of other minerals. Quartz
after calcite — Gulgong, Yass, and Bathurst ; also, often iron pyrites and mispickel.
Bose Qiuirtz, — Occurs with manganese on Hall's Creek, Moonbi Bange.
Amethyst. — A purple-coloured variety of quartz. It occurs as geodes in the basalt at
Kiama ; the crystals are usually small, not being more than | of an inch through. Found also
at Dubbo. A quartz vein containing amethystine' quartz occurs near the top of Bullabalakit; also
near Bathurst.
Agate. — ^Agates consist of mixtures of crystalline quartz and chalcedony, usually arranged
in concentric layers and bands ; their structure is caused by the peculiar mode of formation, viz.,
by the infiltration of silica into the amygdaloidal cavities of igneous rocks.
They are common in the basalt at Kiama, county Camden ; near Scone, county Brisbane ;
Inverell, county Gough ; and other places ; and are very plentiful in the beds of many of tiie
rivers and old drifts of New South Wales, as in the Macintyre, parts of the Qwydir, the
Hunter, the Cookaboo, where they are derived from the basalt of the Western Bange or Dewing-
bong Mountain, Gunniiigbland, Lake Cobham, Grove Creek, Trunkoy, and NarrabrL
Agates are reported to occur at Mount Agate, near Mount Wingen, county of Brisbane,
encrusted with native copper.
Agates and chalcedony are plentiful near Dubbo and Bald Hill, Wellington, Mount
Wingen, Maitland, Cowriga, and other place&
Jasper, — Is very abundant and widely distributed throughout various parts of New
South Wales. It is found of nearly all shades of colour — pure white, grey, slate, dull blue, olive
and bright greens, brown, red, and black, both alone as simple colours, and in varied combina-
tions of stripes, streaks, and mottlings.
It is found mainly in the f oim of boulders and pebbles in river beds, and it enters largely
into the composition of nearly all conglomerates, gravelly alluvial deposits, and river drifts.
Much of it is evidently derived from the conglomerate of the Coal Measure&
The peculiar variety known as Egyptian jasper does not appear to have yet been met
with.
Amongst the principal localities are the Gwydir, the Macintyre, the Bichmond, the
Macquarie, Cudgegong, the Hunter, the Mumimbidgee, and many of their tributaries. There
are large quantities of fine red jasper near Gobolion, county Ashbumham ; and at Scone, county
of Brisbane. The drifts at Mudgee, in the county of Phillip ; Bathurst ; Bingera, county
of Murchison ; Lake George, county Murray ; Molong, county Ashbui*nham ; Woolomon, and
other places, are rich in tine jasper specimens.
Eibban Jasper. — ^At the junction of Pink's Creek with the Bell Biver a clay slate has
been converted into ribbon jasper.
Eiseinkiesel. — A variety of ferruginous quartz. Large masses of this mineral in ««^u
occur near Bingera, county Murchison : it also abounds between Guano Hill and the Bell River,
at Carcoar, county Bathurst ; Mount Lindesay, Lowee, and at the junction of Cotter's River
with the Mumimbidgee, county Murray.
Lydian Stone. — A velvet black form of jasper, used by jewellers as a touchstone for gold
alloy& Mullion Range, Bathurst country.
Chert. — Common in seams and bands throughout the coal measures. Its structure is
often more or less lamellar, and the fracture conchoidaL
Abundant about Mount Victoria, Wallerawang, and Hartley, county Cook; Jamberoo,
county Camden ; Illawarra, and Lachlan River.
/
179
Chalcedony.
An amorphous or crypto-crjstalline form of quartz. There are several varieties of
chalcedony.
Chalcedony proper : Massive, translucent, pale-grey, blue, or brown ; with waxy lustre
sur&ce roammillated, and often of a stalactitic form.
Nodules of chalcedony are found near Carcoar, county Bathurst ; at Lowee ; with resi-
nite and chert ; also at Gulgong, Home Rule, county Phillip ; Cowriga Creek, Wellington,
Dubbo, Maitland, the Hunter Kivcr, and filling lines of small cavities in a green felstone on
Rat's Castle Creek, 6 miles S.E. of Two-mile Flat, county Phillip ; Gunnedah, Newstead,
Walcha ; Monaltrie, on the Richmond River ; at Nundle, bluish grey ; also at Narrabri.
Found pseudomorphous after quartz at the Elsmore Mine, near Inverell.
Ca/mdia/n, — Is a bright red chalcedony, but the ornamental white varieties of chalcedony
are also usually included under the same name by jewellers.
Red and white camelians are rather common in the Hunter River, at Maitland, and
other places ; also near Wellington ; in Pond Creek, near Inverell, county Gough.
Camelian in quartz porphyry, on Nymboi River, Clarence River. Beautifully coloured
camelians also occur on the basaltic country about the Tweed River.
Onyx occurs in the neighbourhood of Narrabri.
Cat^a^ye. — A variety of chalcedony, which, from the presence of capillary crystals of
asbestos, shows a peculiar opalescence or glare when cut and polished en cahocfwn.
A polished specimen in the University collection from the Western Districts of New
Sonth Wales weighs 1*2636 grammes, and has a specific gravity of 2*6703 at IB-d"" C.
The Oriental Cat*s-eye, of Ceylon, is a variety of chrysoberyl, and is distinguished by
its much higher specific gravity, which is about 3*7 to 3*9
Opal.
This mineral consists of silica, with usually from 5 to 12 per cent, in water.
Precious or j^oble Opal, — The precious opal of New South Wales haa the milky body
colour usually possessed by this mineral, and the same brilliant play of colours ; the dominant
colours of the scintillations are metallic greeu, pink, and red. Some of the best specimens form,
when polished, very fine gem-stones ; but here as elsewhere the valuable specimens obtained
bear but a small proportion to the whole. The best have been obtained from Rocky Bridge
Creek, Abercrombie River, county Georgiana ; the matrix is a fine-grained bluish-grey amygda-
loidal trachyte, some 30 feet thick, which is so much altered that it can be abraded by the
thumb-nail ; the opal has filled by infiltration certain of the vesicular cavities and crevices in
this rock ; it is associated with much common opal free from any play of colour and hyalite.
Some cut and polished specimens of opal from Trunkey wero found to have the following
specific gravities : —
No. 1 weighing '3610 gramme had a specific gravity of 2*1488 at 17^ C.
No. 2 „ 1146 „ „ „ „ 21300 at 18" C.
No. 3 „ -1860 „ „ „ „ 2-1703 at n'' C.
The appearance and mode of occuiTencc of the opal found at Bulla Crock, in Queensland*
is very different ; the body colour of the Queensland opal is usually deep ultramarine blue or
green, and the refiections are usually metallic green and red ; the matrix is in this case a brown
mottled clay porphyry, in which the opal occurs as small veins and strings. This variety of opal
oocurs for the most part in films too thin to cut, en cobochon, but it yields beautiful specimens
when cut as cameos.
180
Opal is also found in a similar clay porphyry in the Wellington District ; but up to the
present I have only seen small particles of the precious opal difi\ised through much "^ueless
opal ; it also occurs at Louisa Creek, at Bland, near Forbes ; at Coroo, with chalcedony,
agates, <fec. ; and at Bloomfield, near Orange.
Fire Opal or Gircuol — (ie.) an opal with a red or orange tint — occurs at Wellington.
Of no value hitherto.
Specific gravity of one specimen, 2*106.
Common OpcU^ semi-opal, and wood opal are common in all the basaltic distriotsy usually
of pale shades of pink, brown, green, and varying from translucent to opaque ; Louisa
Creek, Tambaroora, Lowee, Carwell; Uralla, in the county of Sandon; Inverell, county of
Qough ; Richmond, Hunter, Lachlan, and Castlereagh Elvers ; Trunkey and Cowra^ county
of Bathurst ; Kiama, county Camden ; Hookanvil Creek, below Hanging Kock ; Home Bule
and Gulgong, county Phillip ; Wellington, county Wellington ; at O'Connell, county of
Westmoreland, there is a vein running through silurian slates; Oarcoar, Oowra, Gobar,
Braidwood ; on Lawson's Creek, a tributary of the Cudgegong River.
Cacholong, — A specimen of opaque porcelain — white cacholong passing into white opal,
with oonchoidal fractura Adhering strongly to the tongue. Hardness, 5-6. From the Tumut
River, county Selwyn. It was found to have the following composition : —
Specific gravity, 1-884.
Analysis.
Water loBt at 105" C 2-663
„ combined 6*186
SiUca 88-811
Alumina and traces of iron sesquioxide 1*206
Lime 1*134
Carbonic acid traces
Magnesia '486
Loss •626
100-000
Hyalite, — MuUer's glass.
Found coating the joints in basalt, Jordan's Hill, Cudgegong, county Phillip ; of a blue
colour at Ororal.
SiliceotLs Sinter,* — Most of the specimens of this material which I have had Jlie oppor-
tunity to examine exhibit many of the appearances which are usually presented by the deposit
thrown down from hot springs or geysers.
Although no such hot springs or geysers are known to exist at the present day in the
Colony, yet I understand from Mr. W. Wilson, of Monaltrie, to whom I am indebted for my
specimens, that the district in which they occur presents many features which lead him to con-
sider that it had been the scene of comparatively recent (ie., in a geological sense) active voloanic
phenomena.
The district has not, I believe, been examined in detail by any trained and experienced
geolc^ist ; but, judging from Mr. Wilson's account, it must be one of remarkable interest.
Basaltic and trachytic rocks are the principal surface rocks occurring in the neighbour-
hood. The basalt is remarkable for containing veiy large and well-developed amygdaloids of
chalcedony, agate, arragonite, and certain of the commoner zeolites. Of the amygdaloidal and
other minerals, together with specimens of the matrices, Mr. Wilson sent a large series to the
Commissioners for the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition — the collection of which must have
entailed the expenditure of much time and labour.
* Fossiliferous Siliceous Deposit from the Richmond River, N.S.W. By ▲. livenddge. JowrwU
qf the Royal Society of N.S, W,, 1876, p. 237.
181
In the interior of the masa the silioeous deposit ib usually of a nuHre or less pale wax
colour, and in certain respects closely resembles wood opal. Wood opal is actually present, and
in pajrts, streaks of comn^on opal occur. Occasionally, on breaking open a specimen, jet black
patches are met with ; the colouring matter apparently contains carbon, as it is slowly burnt off
before the blow-pipe flama
, On the surface the mineral weathers white, and the decomposition passes in to a depth
of from ^ to j^inch.
It adheres strongly to the tongue.
Weathered portion.
Amdyais,
Moisture, given off at 100" 4-16
Combined water (loss on ignition) 1*78
Insoluble silica 89*74
Soluble silica "47
Alumina and iron sesquioxide 1*13
lime '48
Magnesia 1*98
Loss '28
100*00
Specilic gravity, 2046 at 66** Fah.
Unweathered portion.
Analf/8i9.
Water, given off at 100' 4*08
Combine water (loss or ignition) *68
Insoluble silica 91*67
Soluble silica.. -80
Alumina and iron sesquioxide 1*66
Lime '36
Magnesia '66
Los9 '90
100-00
Specific gravity, 2*330 at 66** Fah.
The composition shows that it answers to the common siliceous sinters or geyser deposits.
It will be seen that the weathered specimen has a lower specific gravity and contains
rather more water, also more lime and magnesia.
In places the structure is more or less distinctly lamellar, evidently due to the manner of
its deposition in successive layers. The fracture is more or less distinctly conchoidal across
the planes of deposition, but where the lamellar structure is less strongly marked, or altogether
obliterated, the fracture is conchoidal in all directions.
The weathered surface is usually marked with the remains of ferns, which stand well out
in relief ; with the ferns and stems are tlie fruit and seeds of other forms of vegetable life.
Within the substance of the mass occasional layers of a brilliant white colour are met
with, and along these layers it splits into flakes and slabs with ease ; these white layers are
much softer than the other portions, and they are found to be composed almost exclusively of
the casts of vegetable tissue ; the fern fronds and stems are especially well preserved ; also
scattered irregularly through these layers and the solid substance of the mineral the remains of
certain fruits and seeds are met with, belonging to a new genus (Liversidgea, F. von Mueller).
Silicified Wood, — Is very abundant over nearly all the basaltic districts. Much of it has
doubtless been derived from trees overwhelmed by old lava flows. The remains of these trees
have become silicified, and have since, by the disintegration and removal of the enveloping rock,
been set free as " foadl wood."
182
The following note*^ upon a specimen of partially fossilized wood may help to show how
this has been brought about : —
The specimen forming the subject of this note was found by Mr. C. S. Wilkinson, F.Q.S.,
at Inyerell, where the Macintyre River has cut through the basalt and formed a river cliff; by
the formation of this section the included fragments of wood and trunks of trees are exposed to
view.
In the Mines and Mineral StatisticSj published by the Mining Department in 1875,
Mr. Wilkinson gives the following description of the manner in which the fossilized wood
occurs, and on the same page ^p. 76) he gives a diagram showing the position occupied by the
particular tree trunk from which this specimen was taken : —
** An interesting cliff section of basalt may be seen on Mr. Colin Boss's property on the
bank of the river at Inverell. The following is a sketch of it : —
Amygdaloidal
basalt
Friable cellular
basalt.
Dense columnar
basalt.
-^^ F^ \gV.o 0^-i:* '><•'. w* /
« Volcanic breoda.
" a, b, amygdaloidal basalt, much decomposed ; c, friable cellular basalt, enclosing frafiT
ments of wood and pieces of earth ; d, dense columnar basalt ; e, volcanic breccia, composed of
fragments of basalt of various sizes embedded in an indurated volcanic mud, much stained with
peroxide of iron, which imparts to the rock varying shades of deep red and yellow. This breccia
is older than the a b c dy and evidently formed the side of a hill on which plants were growing
at the time of the basalt eruption ; for at the junction of the basalt and breccia lies a tiiin bed
of red clay, the former surface soil, in which I discovered numerous stems of plants. Some of
these stems are in an upright position, and even penetrate a few inches into the basalt rock
above, and several I found with the woody matter but little altered. These facts are very
singular, as proving the viscid state of the overflowing basaltic lava, to have thus surrounded
the small plants without destroying them, and how rapidly it must have cooled. Another
interesting relic of the newer pliocene period that this section reveals is the trunk of a tree,
about 2 feet in diameter, embedded in the layer of basalt marked c in the above sketch.
" The wood, though much changed, yet retains its fibrous structure most completely. It
somewhat resembles the stringy-bark, and may possibly be a species of eucalyptus ; but this is
difficult to decide without the aid of the microscope.
'^ Surrounding the tree is a soft substance 2 inches thick, which was probably the bark.**
As pointed out by Mr. Wilkinson, the woody structure has not been destroyed, and it is
still visible to the unassisted eye, but with the aid of a microscope the structure of the cellular
tissue is much more clearly seen ; patches of white carbonate of lime and of yellow oxide of
iron are also observed deposited within its sabstanca
The specimen seems to have been considerably crushed and broken ; in general appear-
ance it looks as if a number of angular fragments of charcoal had been pressed together. This
brecciated structure was probably set up after the trunk was enveloped by the fluid lava, aiid
was doubtless caused by the contraction of the rock round the wood, as it solidified and cooled.
When heated in a closed tube much water is given off ; when ignited on platinum foil it
does not inflame or glow like a carbonaceous substance, but quickly bums to a pale brownish-
grey ash ; the carbon, which has apparently been converted into graphite, is present in very
small quantity, and barely sufficient to impart a black colour to the substance.
It effervesces with acids, is fragile, and sufficiently soft to be scratched with the thumb-
nail.
* " On the Composition of some Wooden closed in Basalt." By A Liversidge. Journal qf the Moyal
Society qfir.8. W,, 1880.
188
Water lost at 100' 12-64
Combined water — ^by direct weighing *46
Silica 36-57
M -31
Carbon 6*14
Iron Besquioxide 1*76
„ protoxide 3'67
Bianganese traces
Alnmina 16*79
lime =(16-42.CaCO,) 9*20
Magnesia = (7-24.MgC03) 3-46
Potash -22
Soda -27
Sulphur traces
Sulphuric acid traces
Carbonic acid.. ... 11*29
Loss -33
100*00
The lime and magnesia evidently exist as carbonates ; a small quantity of the protoxide
of iron may also exist in combination with carbonic acid, as there is '28 per cent of carbonic
acid left after converting all the lime and magnesia into carbonates. The alumina and iron pro-
bably exist in the form of silicate, as the amount of silica is nearly sufficient to form a silicate of
the formula B^Oj, SSiO,, or if the water also be taken into account, Al20;}3Si02 + 4H2O.
As it contains traces of sulphur and of sulphuric acid, small quantities of iron pyrites
are probably present.
The combined water was determined by heating the powdered substance in a combustion
tube and collecting the water in a weighed chlorido of calcium tube, and the carbon by com-
bustion with lead chromate in a current of oxygen, the silica by fusion with the mixed alkaline
carbonates, and the alkalies by Dr. J. Lawrence Smith's process with calcium carbonate and
ammonium chloride.
Masses of silicified wood are very common in nearly all basaltic areas over all parts of
the world, and they are very noticeable in many parts of this Colony ; this particular specimen
IB different from the above, inasmuch as, instead of being composed almost exclusively of silica
or of hydrated silica, as is the case with ordinary silicified wood, it has been minenJized by a
mixture of various substances.
On account of the mineralized wood having such a complex constitution, it may be
thought that it may have been merely replaced mechanically — «.«., it might be supposed that the
wood has been burnt or rotted away and the mould left by it filled in with earth and charcofd,
but such is not the case. There is no doubt that the mineral matter has been deposited from
solution ; the woody tissue, which was doubtless much charred, has been almost completely
replaced particle by particle, by the deposition of mineral matters from infiltered water holding
them in solution. This process must have been a very slow one ; the cavities of the cells were
probably filled first, the cell walls were next gradually removed, except those portions repre-
sented by the small remaining quantity of graphite-like carbon, and replaced by mineral matter
as the decay went on, but so slowly and quietly that no violence was done to the microscopic
structure of the woody tissue."
Silicified wood is very abundant also throughout the coal measures. Large boulders of
luch fossilized wood are met with in most of the drifts and river deposits.
184
Tripoli or Infusorial Earth, — ^Abundimt in several places in the Colony, notably at
Barraba, where it is made up almost entirely of the remains of diatoms resembling melonra,
A specimen of tripoli, supposed to be meerschaum, obtained about 40 miles from Tarn*
worth, gave Mr. Dixon the following results : —
Analysia,
Water 12-84
SUica 80-66
Alumina 4-16
Oxide of iron ;.. 1-77
Carbonate of calcium '31
„ magnesium *21
Alkaline salts, andloss *16
10-000
Class V.
Anhydrous Silicates.
WoLLASTONiTE. — Tabular Spar.
Chem. comp. : A silicate of lime. CaSiOs. Oblique system. Found at Duckmaloi with
garnets and epidote.
Chrysolite. — Peridot, Olivine.
Chem. oomp. : Magnesium silicate. Bhombio system. Transparent bright green
coloured specimens of chrysolite are common in most of the gold drifts. Found in the Shoal-
hayen and Hunter Rivers ; Louisa Creek ; Old Trigomon. Associated with the variouB gems in
Gt Mullen Creek, which falls into the Cudg^ong, county Phillip; also at Two-mile Flat; Bingem
county Murchison ; and other places. The exterior often has a white opaque enamel-like crusty
AuGiTS. — ^Pyroxena
Ohem. oomp. : A silicate of magnesia, iron, lime, &o. Oblique system. Therv are seyeral
yirieties of augite, which range from white, or ahnost white, to dark green, black, and opaque
mineralfl.
Well-formed short columnar crystals of augite are not uncommon. They are abundant
at Cameron's Creek, county of Hardinge ; and Newstead and Middle Creeks, oounty of €knigh }
near Guntawang, county of Phillip ; Pretty Plains, near Molong ; and near to the P^ieon HouBe.
At Bruno waterfiUl, Cailalia Creek, with mesotype smd arragonite in a ▼esicular and amygdfr-
loidal basalt, which rests upon columnar basalt. Found at Barraba, county Darling ; and Muv
romndi, county of Brisbane.
A specimen from Oberon, of a green colour, more or less decomposed, only traoea of the
previous crystallization left Soft and fragile. Collected by Mr. 0. S. Wilkinson, F.G.S.
Was found to have the following composition :-—
Analysii,
Water lort at lOO'C '210
Silica 86-319
Alumina 5*922
Iron Besquioxide 28*557
„ protoxide 1*809
Manganese protoxide 4*056
Lime 22*751
Magnesia absent
Potash -378
Soda -221
LoMand undetermined *777
100-000
Specific gravity, 3*4^.
186
Large crystals of common hornblende occur at Uralla, county Sandon ; Tenterfield,
county Olive ; in the New England District, and in other places. In quartz with lamellar mag-
netite, at Merrendee, on the Meroo, a tributary of the Oudgegong, and on the road &om Junge-
monia to Uranbeen, county Phillip ; also at Oooma, county Beresford ; Bendemeer, and Cope's
Creek.
4. Asbestos (Amianthus). — Chem. comp. : Essentially a magnesium silicate. A fibrous
variety of hornblende.
Localities, — Said to occur in veins at Bukkulla, county Arrawatta ; Guyong, county
Bathurst ; and Burraba Creek, county Wellington ; in the basalt at Pennant Hills, county
Cumberland ; with auriferous quartz in jHorite at Gulgong, King's Plains, county of Phillip ;
also at Wentworth, county of Wentworth ; Lucknow Gold-field, Icely, Trunkey, Caloola, and
Mount Lawson, in the county of Bathurst ; Lewis Ponds Creek, county Wellington ; the
Lachlan River ; Briar Park, Sewell's Creek, near Rockley, with marmolite and schiller spar in
serpentine, and Abercrombie Bange, county Georgiana ; Carangara ; and Jones' Creek, near
Gundagai, county Clarendon. Abundant at Cow Flat Copper-mines, but not of the best
quality ; with serpentine. Briar Creek, Campbell River. The asbestos from near Gundagai
appears to be found in long silky white fibres, and is apparently of very good quality.
A dark, olive-green coloured, and imperfect asbestiform mineral, from near Cow Flat,
was found to have the following composition :—
Specific gravity, 3*02.
A7ialysis,
Hrgroscopic water 1*084
Combined I'Wl
Sihca 49-447
Alumina 9*688
Iron sesquioxide 16*330
Iron protoxide 6*151
Manganese protoxide 4*389
Magnesia 'traces
Lime 11*970
100-000
The value of the asbestos raised in the Colony of New South Wales during 1881 and
previous years is given at £2,728 14s. (Annical Report of the Mining Department, Sydney).
Ky ANITE. — Disthene.
Chem. comp. : Aluminium silicate. Anorthic system. Occurs near to Kangaloolah, an
arm of Tuena Creek, some 10 miles south of Tuena^ and at Bingera. In colour it is nearly
white, the lustre pearly, in slender flattened brittle crystals.
Staurolite.
Chem. comp. : Aluminium silicate. Khombic system. Occurs in a talcose schist near
Bathurst, in the form of small brown prismatic crystals.
Andalusite.
Chem. comp. : Aluminium silicate. Rhombic system. A vein of this mineral, crystallized
in rhombic prisms of a pinkish-grey colour, is said to occur in the slate rock to the east of
Bungonia.
Chias(olit€j a variety of Andalusite. — Chem. comp. : Aluminium silicate. Rhombic
system. Occurs in granite rock, at Amprior, Boro, near Groulbum, and in small imperfect
crystals in the slate near Modbury, Shoalhaven ; and near Tumut, in a dark-coloured micaceous
slate or schist.
Zoisite, — Found at Avisford, county of Wellington.
187
Epidote.
C9iem. comp. : Silica, alumina, lime, iron, etc. Oblique system.
Occasionally well-developed columnar crystals have been met with, but I have seen none
of large size — also massive. XJsuaUy various shades of green.
Epidote is found on Diamond Hill, Sidmouth Valley, in altered silurian schist, near to
its junction with diorite and granite, in association with wollastonite, garnets, specular iron
ore, brown haematite, and black oxide of manganese.
With garnets at Duckmaloi in wollastonite.
Found in the Murrumbidgee District, near Mount Tennant ; at Qoree, near Mudgee ;
at Bondian, with glassy felspar and quartz; at Manilla, county of Darling; at Oberon
county Westmoreland ; the Windindingerie Cataract ; Jejedzerick ; between Jingery, Bob-
bera, and Pambula, county of Auckland ; the '^ Gap," Lewis Ponds, county of Wellington ; the
Shoalhaven Kiver, county St Vincent ; to the east of Bungonia, county Aigyle ; Gulgong,
county Phillip ; Bathurst ; and in the bed of the Gwydir Kiver and of the Ora Ora.
Tourmaline. — Schorl.
Ohem. comp. : Very complex, but mainly composed of silicate of alumina, iron, lime,
and soda, with usually some 3 or 4 per cent, of boracic acid ; other substances such as lithia are
often present.
CryBtallizes in the hexagonal system, usually in the form of prisms having a more or less
triangular section, and strongly striated parallel to the principal axis. Large prisms are met
with in the New England District, and also in the Murrumbidgee. When the crystals are
small and more or less aggregated together into bundles, the mineral is termed schorl ; this form
of it is common in the granite of the New England tin district, at Bendemeer, Bulanamang, and
in veins and nests in granite, with large mica crystals, at Wombat, near Young.
Large crystals are found in the South with pegmatite between Mowwat and Burramun-
gee ; with tremolite at Jejedzeric in granite ; at Tarcutta, county Wynyard.
It is also commonly found associated with gold, diamondB, and other gems in drifts and
river deposits, more or less rolled ; at times all trace of the original crystallized form is removed.
Large crystals of tourmaline at Oban, county of Clark ; Balala ; Oooma, county Beres-
ford ; Orara ; at Albury and Mount Tennant ; in laminated granite, at Oura, in the Wagga
Wagga District.
Felspar Group.
Orthoolase. — Common Felspar.
Chem. comp. : Aluminium and potassium silicate. Oblique system. There are several
varieties of this mineral : Common or Orthoclaae FeUpa/r includes all the common non-transparent
varieties ; adtUaria, the sub-transparent forms ; opalescent adularia is termed moonstone ; and
gkusff felapa/r^ or ice spcMr, comprises the clear and transparent forms.
Fine well-formed crystals of felspar have not yet been obtained here, although fairly large
and moderately well-developed crystals are not uncommon in the coarse-grained granites of the
New Ikigland, Bathurst, and Southern Districts. Simple and compound crystals of an inch or so
in length, exposed by weathering, are common in the granite of New England. Dark grey felspar
at Mount Walker. At Lawson's Creek in fairly well formed large isolated crystals, and at
Oban, county of Clarke ; Balala, in the county of Hardinge ; and in large crystals on the Cud-
gegong River, and at Home Kule, county of Phillip. Medium sized crystals of glassy felspar
are reported at Benada Creek, also near Naas, county Cowley, and with quartz at Lanyon to
the west of Mount Tennant. Again near ^* The Pass '' Bundian. With mica chlorite and quartz
- at Windindingerie Cataract Acicular crystals of glassy felspar occur in compact felspar at
Mount Wingen near the burning coal seam, county Brisbane.
A porphyry occurs near Tumut, in which red and white felspar crystals are diffused
through a dark green f elspathic paste ; this rock would form a very attractive ornamental stone.
Crystallized adularia felspar is plentiful on Mount Lindsay.
188
Albitb.
Ohem. comp. : Aluminium, sodium and potassium silicate. Doubly oblique system.
Occurs massive and in the form of white crystals in New England, as at Bingera, county
Murchison ; also in one or two places near Gulgong, county Phillip, at one of which it is said
to be found in association with calcite, opal, asb&stos, epidote, sphaerosiderite, mispickel, blende,
galena, pyrites, and copper p3rrites in an auriferous vein traversing a diorite ; at Rylstone,
county of Koxburgh. It occurs crystalliz'^d with translucent quartz at Mount Dixon, Dewel-
amble, Murrumbidgee, and with quartz, chlorite, and green mica on the Coolalamine Plain and
at the head of the Yarralumla.
Oliooclase.
Chem. comp. : Aluminium, sodium, and calcium silicate. Doubly oblique system.
Reported by Mr. Wilkinson in basalt with olivine and augite at Collingwood, and in the
Lachlan and Fish Rivers.
Nepheline.
Ohem. comp. : Aluminium, sodium and potassium silicate.
Hexagonal system. Occurs in amygdaloidal porphyry between the *' Pinnacle,'' county
Forbes ; Dowagarang, and the Old Man Oanobolas, near Wellington, county Wellington.
Spodumene.
Ghem. comp. : Aluminium and lithium silicate. Oblique. Mr. Wilkinson reports its
probable occurrence at Oura Station, near Wagga Wagga, county Wynyard.
Hauyne.
Chem. comp. : Silica, alumina, soda, lime, and sulphuric acid. Cubical system.
The Rev. W. B. Clarke discovered some small specimens of a blue-coloured mineral which
he believed to be hauyne, below the Windindingerie Cataract, in association with flesh-coloured
felspar, adularia, quartz, and epidote.
Mica.
Muscovite. — Potash Mica.
Chem. comp. : Aluminium and potassium silicate. Oblique system.
Large tabular crystals of mica are met with in the coarse-grained granite of the Bathurst
District, as at Broadwater and other places on the Macquarie River, and at Cooma and Wheeo,
county Beresford ; crystals of a golden-coloured mica are also obtained from the same place, and at
Orange with crystals of felspar in a pink-coloured granite.
Green mica is common in the granite of New England ; the mica entering into the com-
position of the greisen at Ellsmore, and Newstead, county Gough, and other places is greenisL
Green mica also occurs in the granite of Yarrangun and Ororal.
In the Naas Valley, county Cowley, mica is found in large crystals, associated with
quartz, felspar, hornblende, tourmaline, and chlorite.
A mammillated bright golden-coloured mica is found in white quartz at Kiandra, county
Wallace : this has very much the appearance of rolled gold, for which in fact it has been mis-
taken ; yellow mica also occurs in Frazer*s Creek, county Arrawatta.
A bright-coloured mica with silvery lustre is met with in a manganiferous cement at
Buckley's Le^l, Two-mile Flat, county Phillip.
Large groups of beautiful plumose crystals of mica occur at Oura Station, Wagga Wagga,
county Wynyard.
189
Class VL
Hydrous Silicates.
Prrhnite.
Chem. comp. : Hydrous silicate of alumina and lime. Rhombic system. Occurs at Emu
Greek, New England, of a green colour ; and, in association with orthoclase felspar and copper
ores, at Reedy Creek, county Murchison ; Molong, county Ashbumham ; also at Prospect Hill,
county of Cumberland.
Oiamandine, — ^A hydrated calcium-aluminium silicate, crystallizing in rhombic forms
resembling the tetragonal pyramid, present with other zeolites in the Murrurundi Tunnel.
Allophane.
Chem. comp. : Hydrous silicate of alumina, AI2O,, SiO,, 6HaO. Occurs as amrorphous
masses and incrustations of a bluish and opaque white colour at the Great Blayney Copper-
mine, near Blayney, associated with native copper. The surfaces are mammillated in part
Zeolite Group.
This group of minerals is distinguished by the property which most of them possess of
fusing with intumescence before the blow-pipe, i,e., they boil up, the name being derived from
{^ to boil, and X1O09, a stone. They are usuaUy found filling the amygdaloidal cavities, and
crevices in igneous rocks, and never as crystals disseminated through the mass of the rock like
pyrites, garnet, or mica. In chemical composition they consist essentially of compound hydrated
sUicates of alumina, the alkaline earths and alkalies ; and when treateid with acids gelatinous
silica is separated.
Zeolites are found at Muswellbrook, county of Durham ; on the Conical Hills, Bando
Plains ; and with green earth at Wallabadah, county of Buckland. Also near Tamworth,
Murrurundi, Prospect Hills, Parramatta River — in fact, wherever there are more or less decom-
posed amygdaloidal rocks.
Thomsonite.
A hydrous calcium-aluminium silicate, crystallizing in the rhombic system.
CompUmite, — A variety of Thomsonite, found at Dabee, county of PhiUip.
Stilbite.
Chem. comp. : Hydrous silicate of alumina and lime. Rhombic system. Reported to
occur in metamorphic silurian shales at Adelong, county Wynyard ; and at Gunnedah, county
Pottinger ; and in the neighbourhood of Tamworth.
Heulandite.
Chem. comp. : Hydrous silicate of alumina and lima Oblique system.
Found at Hartley, county of Cook ; in small red crystals, seated on a bluish grey
schistose rock or slate.
Laumonite.
Chem. comp. : Hydrous silicate of alumina and lime. Oblique system. This mineral
occurs in the form of white crumbly prismatic crystals in association with black and white parti-
coloured calcite crystals in the cavities of an amygdaloidal rock on the road between Geringong
and Eliama, county Camden.
This mineral was also observed by Mr. C. E. Wilkinson, the Government G^ologist^ and
obtained by him from a cutting on the Bathurst Road, near the Cox River.
It occurs as small irregular veins, of a pleasing salmon-colour, running through a soft
bluish-grey shale ; the veins together with the included plates of sliale are sometimes 6 inches
thick, but usually smaller ; the actual veins of the mineral itself being only about ^th of
an inch thick. Some difficulty was on this account experienced in obtaining sufficient of the
sample pure enough for analysia
Translucent ; lustre, pearly.
190
The mineral appears to be partially crystalliaed ; nothing definite could be made out, but
some of the confuted crystals had somewhat the appearance of rhombic prisms. It apparently
cleaves parallel to the long axis, and less perfectly at right angles to it.
Specific gravity, 2*5. Hardness, about 2*5, can be crushed by the thumb nail, being very
tender. Streak, pink, but paler than the mineral itself.
Heated in the closed tube it gives off water, and at a red heat becomes grey, but re-
acquires a pink colour on cooling, which is rather paler than the original colour. On platinum
foil, when strongly heated, it fuses to a whitish mass. Does not impart any distinctive tint to
outer flama With nitrate of cobalt gives a blue colour. Soluble in HCl with separation of
much gelatinous silica.
Analysis,
Combined water 12*646
Silica 63-266
Alumina and traces of iron 22*833
Lime 11*000
Magnesia *479
100-224
It also occurs as a white powdery mineral in a soft grey-coloured amygdaloidal trachytic
rock at Myralla. This mineral may at once be recognised by its tendency to decompose.
Apophtllite.
Found on the Talbragar River, in the county of Bligh ; and in the Murrurundi Tunnel,
county of Brisbane.
Chem. comp. : A hydrated calcium silicate, containing potassium fluorida OrystaUizes
in the tetragonal system.
N ATROLiTE. — Mesotypa
Chem. comp. : Hydrous silicate of alumina and soda. Rhombic system.
In i-adiate groups of long acicular crystals ; found in amygdaloidal basalt in the Mur-
rurundi Tunnel, county Brisbane ; and near Inverell, county Gough.
SCOLEZITE.
Same chem. comp. as the above. Rhombic system. This mineral is found with cylin-
drical masses of bitter spar in a basalt. Emu Greek, New England. It is distinguished by curling
up like a worm before the blowpipe — ^h^nce the name, from a-Kti^rji, a worm.
Analoime. — Gubical Zeolite.
Ghem. comp. : Hydrous silicate of alumina and soda. Gubical system. Occurs at
Inverell, county of Grough.
Analcime in grey amygdaloidal rock, with laumonite and apophyllite, on the Talbragar
River, county of Bligh.
Ghabasite.
Ghem. comp. : Hydrous silicate of alumina, lime, and potash. Hexagonal system ; com-
monly assumes rhombohedral forms. This is perhaps the most abundant of the New South
Wales zeolites, and the crystals are often very well developed. It occurs in basalt with deleasite
at Muswellbrook, county Durham ; and in well-formed rhombohedra in trachyte on the T^>i^hli^p
River ; also in an amygdaloidal basalt at Reedy Greek, Sutton Forest, county Gamden ; with
calcite in a similar rock at Coroo. In the Murrurundi Tunnel, with other zeolites, in a decom-
posing amygdaloidal rock, also halloysite associated with a nepheline basalt ; also near Tamworth,
in amygdaloidal cavities with other zeolites. It also occurs in the cavities of a puce-coloured
rock at Fountain Head in simple rhombohedral crystals of a wax-yellow colour, and is associated
with a bright orange-coloured powdery mineral and a grey-green steatitic substance ; the matrix
can be readily cut with a knife, and leaves a shiny streak.
It is also reported from the Talbragar, county Bligh, and Abercrombie Rivera^ county
Gkorgiana, and is present in the basalt of the lUawarra District.
191
GmeliivUe, — This is one of the chabasite group, and occurs, crystallized in double
hexagonal pyramids, with calcito and analcime, at Inverell, county Gough.
The name of Herschellite has been given to this mineral both in Victoria and New South
Wales.
A specimen from Inverell, crystallised in double hexagonal pyramids, of a cone-like
appearance, from the faces merging one into the other. Transparent and colourless to opaque
white. Dr. Helms, of the University of Sydney, has analysed this specimen with the following
results: —
Specific gravity, 2-100.
AnalyseB.
No. 1. No. 2. MeML
Water at red heat 20*67 20*67
SiUca 47*59 47*81 4770
Almmna 19*51 19*06 19-81
Lime 10*83 10*87 , 10-86
Magnesia -36 '50 -43
Potash 1*15 1*21 1-18
Soda -29 -49 -89
100*53
Corresponding to the formula CaOSiOj, AljOaSSiOT, GHjO.
The composition is really that of chabazite, hence it was quite unnecessary to make the
new species for some time known as Herschellite.
In amygdaloidal rock, in the Murrurundi Tunnel, with laumonite, &c. j also near
Tamworth.
An account of some Zeolites and other minerals from New Holland is given by F. Alger
in "Silliman's American Journal of Science for 1840," but no information is given as to the
localities, hence the paper is not so valuable as it otherwise would have been.
Serpentine Group.
There are several varieties of the mineral serpentine met with in New South Wales. The
rock of the same name is also found very largely developed, both in the Northern, Western, and
Southern Districts.
Serpentine.
Chem. comp. : Hydrous silicate of magnesia.
Of an oil-green colour, semi-transparent, on the Murrumbidgee ; at Bingera, county of
Murchison ; Warialda, county of Burnett ; Barraba, Manilla, county of Darling ; and Stony
Batta, county of Hardinge. Different varieties of red-veined serpentine, steatite, and other
similar minerals are reported in the Upper Peel River.
It also occurs at Ooolac and Jones's Creek, near Gundagai, county of Clarendon, and on
the Clarence River.
WiUiamsUe, — ^Apple-green, translucent, somewhat greasy to the touch, takes a very fair
polish, and forms very pleasing ornamental stone. H. = 3.
From Tuena, county Georgiana.
Mcurmolite. — ^A foliated variety of serpentine occurs on the Murrumbidgee, of a yellowish
colour, associated with dull-red and green serpentine rock, and at Cowarbee, 40 miles from
Wagga Wagga, with leaf gold. (See p. {(«)
The late Mr. Stutchbury mentions the occurrence of an orbicular serpentine on the
Apsley, Manning, and Hastings Rivers or Creek&
Marmolite, schiller spar, and asbestos occur in serpentine on the Peel, county of Parry,
Picrolite, — Chem. comp. : Hydrous magnesium silicate.
A fibrous variety of serpentine. Found at Kelly's Creek, Gwydir River, and in the
serpentine at Bingera, county Murchison, with meerschaum. It occurs also as a green striated
mineral at Lucknow, county Wellington, and Wentworth, near Orange, county Bathurst,
192
Talc.
Chem. comp. : Hydrous magnesium silicate. Hexagonal system.
Occurs in the form of hexagonal crystals between Gudgeby River and Naas Yalley,
county Cowley ; also about Bathurst And between Jungemonia and Uranbeen with steatite
and large hornblende crystals.
Steatite, — A massive indurated form of talc or hydrous magnesium silicate, near Ck>w
Flat, county Bathurst.
Occurs in Banger's Valley, Severn Biver, county Gough, at Elsmore, and the Bolitho
Tin-mine, associated with tin-stone. At Jungemonia and Uranbeen, Icely, and Trunkey, county
Bathurst; and Sewell's Creek, county Georgiana.
Soapstone, Saponite. — Williams Biver, Icely, and Lowee.
Agalmatclite^ or Chinese Figure Stone. — In chlorite schist. Nurembla, Callalia Creek.
Meerschaum, — Chem. comp. : Hydrous magnesium silicate. Said to occur near Bingera
and on the Bichmond Biver. All the specimens of so-called meerschaum which I have yet seen
from the latter district have proved to be cimolite, hence the statement requires confirmation.
Chlorite. — ^Green earth.
Chem. comp. : Hydrous silicate of alumina and magnesia, with more or less oxide of
iron.
In a confused mass of various crystallized substances, Gulgong, Lachlan Biver ; on Pine
Bidge, Copperhannia Creek, in an auriferous quartz reef ; Queanbeyan, Yass. With a white
crystalline marble, near Wagga Wagga.
Be Leeaite, — A ferruginous chlorite. Its occurrence is mentioned by the Rev. W. B.
Clarke. It is found with chabazite in basalt, near Muswellbrook.
A pink schistose mineral was found embedded in the slates and other rocks at the S.E.
comer of Bocky Bidge, by the late Dr. Thomson, Professor of Geology in the University of
Sydney, and Mr. Norman Taylor.*
The mineral is somewhat friable, earthy and meagre to the touch ; emits an argillaceous
odour when breathed upon ; adheres to the tongue ; is decomposed by hydrochloric acid with
separation of granular silica ; yields a very pleasing bright pink-coloured powder ; before the
blow-pipe does not fuse, but darkens slightly ; heated in a tube it evolves moisture, darkens,
but re-acquires its original colour on cooling. As the mineral is evidently only a non-crystallized
decomposition product it is unnecessary to give it a name ; it is therefore provisionally placed
with the chlorite group.
Anatysis.
Water loflt at 105' C. 1-336
Silica 61-961
Alumina 24*120
Iron protoxide 1*222
,, seeqiiioxide 3*400
Lime 7-850
Magnesia trace
Lobs -122
100-000
PiNITK.
The following account of a mineral occurring in serpentine at Hanging Bock is by
Mr. W. A Dixon, F.C.S. (Report of the Department of Minee^ Sydney, 1879). "It is massive,
translucent, with a sea-green colour, waxy lustre, and unctious feel ; gives a white streak and
powder. In a sealed tube it gives off water and becomes white ; before the blow-pipe it is
infusible, but becomes opsujue and reddish- white, and is not acted on by hydrochloric add.
Hardness, 2 ; specific gravity, 2*68.
* The '* Mudgee Diamond-fields,** by Thomson and Taylor. J<mr, Roy, Soc,, N.8. W,, 1809.
193
AncdysiH.
Silica
Alumina
Oxide of Iron (Fe O)
Magnesia
lime
Water
No. 1.
No. 2.
35-72
3610
38-60
38-41
8-64
5-40
5-64
•61
10-96
99-93
The mineral seems to be new, and the ratio of the oxygen in It E, ^i H is 1 : 4'2 : 4'5 :
2 '3, which would give a formula approximating to = 4 (Fe Mg Ca) 6A1, 9Si, 9H.'*
Although the mineral does not quite agree with any of the pinites, yet it should doubt-
less be classed with them.
Clays.
Kaolin, or China Clay. — Is derived from the decomposition of granite, and is not uncom-
mon in many parts of the Colony. A deposit of kaolin suitable for the manufacture of the best
porcelain is reported to occur at Lambing Flat, King's Plains, county Bathurst ; and another of
a dazading white colour on a hill near to Kocky Kidge, which is in association with a bright and
pretty coloured lavender clay derived from decomposed basalt ; also found near Barraba, county
Darluig.
In the Philoaaphical Transactions of the Royal Society of London for 1798 there is an
account of an earthy substance by Mr. Charles Hatchett, brought from Sydney by Sir Joseph
Banks, and variously named Sydneia, Auatrala, Terra AustrcUis, and Austral Sand. The sub-
stance is of no importance, but there is a certain amount of interest attached to the paper, since
it contains probably the first analyses of any mineral from this Colony.
It had previously been examined in 1790 by the celebrated Mr. Wedgwood*, also by
Professor Blumenbach, of Gottingen, by Dr. Klaproth, and by Professor Haidinger, of Vienna.
One of the specimens consisted of " a white transparent quartzose sand, a soft opaque
white earth, some particles of white mica, and a quantity of dark lead-grey particles, which have
a metallic lustre.''
Sydneia.
Analyses.
No. 1. No. 2.
Silica -30 Silica and mica 7775
Silica combined 75*25
Alumina 7*20 Alumina 6*50
Oxideofiron 3*20 Oxide of iron 3-0
Graphite or plumbago 10*25 Plumbago 10*
Water 2*20
98*40 97*25
As the result of his examination Mr. 'Hatchett came to the conclusion that the substance
had been derived from a decomposed granite, and recommended the removal of Sydneia from
the list of minerals, since it did not contain any new primitive earth, nor did it possess the
characteristic properties previously ascribed to it.
Cimolite, — There is a deposit of very white and porous hydrous silicate of alumina f on
the Richmond River, which has often been sent down to Sydney as meerschaum. Probably this
is partly due to its low specific gravity, for when first immersed it floats upon the water. It
sometimes contains leaf impressions ; colour, dead white ; breaks with more or less well marked
conchoidal fracture ; shows traces of stratification ; very porous, and adheres strongly to the
tongue ; hardness, 2 — 2*5 ; can be scratched by the thumb-nail, and leaves a mark on cloth, but
not readily.
* PhU. Trans,, voL Ixxx (1790), part ii, p. 306. t The so-called meerschaum from the Richmond
River. ~A. Liversidge, Jour, Royal Society of K, S, W,, 1876, p. 240.
2b
194
The specific gravitg^ after immersion in water for some time is 1*168.
Before the blow-pipe it blackens slightly at first, and becomes harder after ignition ; it
is infusible, and yields a blue mass when ignited after moistening with cobalt nitrate ; this
at once distinguishes it from meerschaum, which would under those circumstances afford a pale
pink coloured mass.
Analysis,
Water, given oflf at 100° 3*28
Ck>mbin^ water (loss on ignition) : 4*34
Insoluble silica 51*35
Soluble silica 'll
Alumina 37*72
Iron sesquioxide *46
lime '34
Magnesia 1*25
Aludies traces
Carbonic acid 1*64
100-39
The low specific gravity is very characteristic of this mineral, but in other respectB
it answers to the mineral cvmolite.
Fire Clays. — Of good quality are common throughout the coal measures ; and in the
shales, claystone nodules which would probably yield high-class cement are plentiful
Brick Clays, — Large deposits of clay, which bum to red, white, and intermediate colours,
are common in the county of Cumberland, derived from the disintegration of the Wianamatta
shale.
Hallotsite.
Chem. comp. : Hydrous silicate of alumina.
This is an amorphous earthy mineral, resembling steatite, derived from the decomposition
of igneous rocks. . Adheres to the tongue, can be scratdied and polished by the nail ; of various
colours — black, brown, grey, green, and red ; the black often contains small brilliant white
veins. When placed in water the mineral usually falls to pieces, and the edges become trans-
lucent
Specimens of black halloysite are from time to time brought from various parts of the
Colony as samples of graphita
A specimen collected by Mr. C. S. Wilkinson, F.G.S., from near Berrima, had the fol-
lowing properties and composition : — Black, black streak on paper ; somewhat greasy feel ; does
not adhere to the tongue; soft, readily scratched by nail, leaving shiny streak; brittle;
oonchoidal fracture.
Analysis,
Water lost at 105' C 3*047
„ combined 12*840
SiUca 45*289
Alumina 38*547
Lime trace
Loss -277
100*000
Pale green and white halloysite occur in decomposing amygdaloidal rocks, with zeolites,
in the Murrurundi Tunnel, county Brisbane.
Occurs in a railway cutting through decomposed basalt containing chabasite at Reedy
Creek, county Murchison ; and Stony Creek, county Wynyard ; Sutton Forest, county Camden ;
at Two-mile Flat, county Phillip, of a pretty green colour; Carcoar, county Bathurst; and on
the Lachlan River.
195
Olabs vn.
Gem Stones.
Corundum.
There are several forms of this substance — alumina. The blue is known as the sapphire,
the green as the oriental emerald, the red as the ruby, the hair-brown as adamantine spar, the
magentarcoloured us barklyite, and the common dark-coloured ones as corundum and emery.
Corundum is said to occur in basalt at Bald Hill, Hill End, county Wellington, with olivine.
The rolled pebbles of corundum from the Diamond Drift on the Cudgegong Biver were
found by Dr. A. M. Thomson to have a specific gravity of only 3*21 to 3*44 ; but with a hard-
ness of 9 as usual
Sapphibe.
Ohem. oomp. : Alumina or aluminum sesquioxide, Al^Os. Hexagonal fifystem. The
usual forms met with in New South Wales are double pyramids, sometimes combined with
the basal pinakoid ; the prism is less common. Perfect crystals are, however, rare, the majority
of the specimens being either fractured or waterwom. 'Diere appears to bq no record of their
having been found in situ. In certain cases it would appear from their sharp and unworn edge
that they had not travelled very far
H = 9. Specific gravity = 3-49 to 3-59.
The New South Wales sapphires, in common with those* from other parts of Australia,
are usually rather dark in colour ; they however, are found varying from perfectly colourless
and transparent, through various shades of blue and green, to a dark and almost opaque blue.
One or two green-coloured sapphires or oriental emeralds are almost always met with in every
parcel of a hundred or so specimens, also blue and white particoloured.
Asteria or sapphires which show a six-rayed star of reflected light are by no means
uncommon.
Sapphires are almost invariably met with by the miners as an accompaniment of alluvial
gold.
They are widely distributed over the New England District, as at Bingera, county of
Murchison ; and near Liverell, Hose Valley, Swanbrook, Vegetable Creek, and Newstead, county
Gough, with tin, adamantine spar, zircons, topaz, and l)ismuthite ; in Cope's Creek, county Har-
dinge ; Oban, county Clarke ; Nundle Creek and Peel River, county Parry ; Dundee, Ben
Lomond, Mann's Biver, Gwydir Biver ; in the county of Sandon, at XJralla ; on the Namoi
Biver ; on the Abercrombie Biver ; blue and green sapphires near Mount Werong, with pleonaste,
zircons, gold, <fea, county of Georgiana ; on the Cudgegong Biver, county Phillip ; at Two-mile
Flat, Bell's Biver, and Pink's Creek, county Boxburgh, with white topaz, almandine garnets,
epidote, spinelle, chrysoberyl, chrysolite, hyacinth, <fec. ; at Tumberumba, county Wynyard, with
tinstone and other minerals ; in the Shoalhaven Biver, county St. Vincent ; and tiie Snowy
' River, county Wallace.
Blue and green sapphires are found with gold, zircons, and other gems, on Native Dog
Creek, an eastern branch of Sewell's Creek, Oberon District.
Some specimens of cut and polished sapphires were found to have specific gravities as
follows : —
Weight. Sp.gr. Temperature.
No. 1. Royal blue colour *1400 gramme 4*1170 at 18° C.
„ 2. Dark „ „ -2332 „ 4-2326 „ 18'
„ 3. „ ,. „ -4776 „ 3^9115 „ 16^
9f 4. ,, ,, ,, *d4oo „ 0*9404 ,y IV
„ 5. Four small dark sapphirea ... *G060 „ 4*1124 „ 18*5
„ 6. Five „ „ „ ... -6266 „ 4*0225 „ 17*5
„ 7. One large „ „ ... 'd738 „ 4*0206 „ 17*5
„ 8. Oriental emerald ' *9674 „ 4*0041 „ 19°
„ 9. „ , 6996 „ 4*0738 „ 18«
196
The late Dr. A. M. Thomson, Professor in the Sydney University, detected a variety
peculiar to the Mudgee District, which occurs in uniformly small slightly bcurrel-shaped hexagonal
crystals of about i-inch long and ^o-inch diameter — opaque, and of a peculiar lavender colour,
with a few dark blue spots. He made out the composition as follows : —
Anali/sis.
Alumina 98*57
Iron seaquioxide 2*25
Lime "45
101-27
H. = 9. Specific gravity = 3 '59.
Ruby or Red Sapphire.
This is much more rave than the blue gem. The late Mr. Stutchbury reports its
occurrence with sapphire, chrysolite, hyacinth, amethyst, and other gems in the Cudgegong
between Eumbi and Bimbijong, and in Mullen's and Lawson's Creeks, county Phillip, which fall
into the Cudgegong. And the Rev. W. B. Clarke found it at Tumberumba, county Wynyard,
with similar gems. It is found, too, at Mudgee, but is not common, and usually of small size ;
also from a small creek, about 2 miles from the head of the Hunter River, as well as in the Peel
River. Dr. Thomson determined the composition, hardness, and specific gravity of a specimen
from Two-mile Flat to be as follows : —
Anali/Hs,
Alumina •. 97*90
Iron seaquioxide 1*39
Magnesia "63
Lime ^ '62
100-44 •
H. = 9. Specific gravity = 3*59.
Barlclyite, — This name has been given in Victoria to the more or less opaque magenta-
coloured variety. A specimen from Two-mile Flat, uncut, weighing '5884 gramme, had a
specific gravity of 3-7382 at 18'*5 C.
Adamantine Spar.
The brown variety of Alumina. Found at Two-mile Flat, county Hardinge ; XJralla,
county Sandon ; Bingera, county Murchison ; and Inverell, county Gough.
Some cut and polished specimens of adamantine spar were found to have a specific
gravity of 4-0306 at WO.
When cut and polished en cabochoii this foims a very handsome ring stone.
Emerald. — Beryl.
Chem. comp. : Silicate of aluminium and glucinium. Hexagonal system.
The name emerald is usually reserved for the deep green coloured stones fit for jewelry,
while the less beautiful and pale varieties are termed beryls.
The emerald is said to occur mixed with granite detritus in Paradise Creek, county
Gough, and near Dundee. Also in gncissiform dykes on the summit of Mount Tennant, and at
Lanyon to the west of that mountain ; in the granite at Cooma ; and in Mann's River and
Kiandra with other gems. In some cases the beryl is probably meant
The beryl is much more common. It is found at Elsmore associated with quartz and
crystals of tinstone. The beryl crystals, which are often very thin and fragile, are seen inter-
laced with, and seated upon, the crystals of tinstone.
At Ophir, county Wellington, the beryl occurs in white felspar with quartz and whit©
mica ; one crystal from Ophir, |-inch through, of* a pale transparent yellow-gi-een colour and
vitreous lustre, had a specific gravity of 2*708.
197
A greenish-coloured opaque beryl in small hexagonal prisms has been found in the
Shoalhaven River east of Bungonia ; the crystals are associated with mispickel, and in some
cases they penetrate it.
A specimen of beryl from Australia was eicamined by Schneider (Ramm. Min. Ch.
p. 555, and quoted in Dana's Descriptive Mineralogy, p. 247), and found to have the follow-
ing composition : —
AncUysis,
Silica 67-6
Alumina 18.8
Beryllia, orGlucina BeO 12-3
Iron sesquioxide -9
99-6
Chrysobertl. — Oymophana
Chem. comp. : Glucinium aluminate, BeO, AlsO,. Rhombic system.
The late Mr. Stutchbury mentions that he found a fragment of this gem in the Macquarie
River.
Zircon. — Hyacinth, Jacinth, or Jargoon.
Chem. comp. : Zirconium silicate, ZrSiOi. Pyramidal system.
The transparent red varieties are known as hyacinths, the smoky as jargoons ; while the
grey, brown, etc., are known as zircons.
This mineral is found in granite on the Mitta Mitta, and on the Moama River, some 4
miles west of Jillamalong Hill, county Cadell.
Zircons are very common in the auriferous river sands and drifts, as at XJralla, county
Sandon ; Bingera, county Murchison ; the Cudgegong River, county Phillip ; the Macquarie
River ; the Abercombie River, county G^rgiana ; the Rocky River and Two-mile Flat, county
Hardinge ; the Shoalhaven River, county St Vincent ; they are common, with iron pyrites, in
the granite on which Kiandra is built ; on the Talbragar River, county Bligh.
They are of course usually more or less rolled, but occasionally the crystalline form is
well preserved ; they vary much in colour, from more or less colourless and transparent through
pale-red to crimson, brown, and opaque ; they are also found of a clear transparent green, but
these are rarer than the others.
Dr. Helms kindly examined for me some specimens in the form of small rolled pebbles,
of good colour, fairly transparent, fit to cut, and obtained the following results : —
Specific gravity, 4-675.
Analysis. .
Silica 32-99
Zirconia, ZrOg 66*62
Iron sesquioxide '43
Lune -14
100-18
The above corresponds to the formula ZrSiO^ or ZrOjSiOj.
When cut and polished some of the New South Wales zircons form very beautiful gem
stones of a hyacinth red colour. The following determinations of the specific gravities were
made upon such specimens : —
Cut and polished -3118 gramme in weight Sp. gr.=4.7822 at 18^0
, -4023 „ , „ „ =4-697 „ 17'C
„ 1-8146 „ „ „ „ =4-7191 „ 18-60
Uncut 2-4580 „ „ „ „ =4-6838 „ 17*60
198
Topaz.
Chem. comp. : Alumina, silica and fluorina Rhoitibic system. Oocacdonallj met with
in well-formed columnar crystals capped with planes of numerous pyramids. Some of the
crystals are perfectly clear, colourless, and transparent. Some very large ciystals have been
met with ; a portion of a large bluish green-coloured crystal found at Mudgee, and now in the
Melbourne Technological Museum, weighs several pounds ; and others weighing several ounces
are by no means rare ; they are sometimes 2 to 3 inches long, and broad in proportion, especially
those from XJralla.
A specimen of clear, transparent, pale purple topaz, from New England, weighing 4oz.,
was found to have a specific gravity of 3*5.
One found at Gundagai of a pale blue green tint, measured 3 by 1^ inches with a weight
lloz. 5dwts. Another of a similar colour from Gulgong weighed 18oz. avoirdupois; unfortu-
nately it had been broken into two pieces.
The pale bluish-green tint is the most common colour ; sometimes they are slightly yellow.
The specific gravities of two cut and polished specimens of colourless topaz from the New
England District were determined as follows : —
No. 1. Weight = 1-623 gramme Sp.gr. = 8-6«66atl7'C
No. 2. „ =11-6010 , „ = 3-5640 „ 19"C
It is comparatively abundant all over the granite region of New England ; it occurs
associated with tinstone in veins traversing the eurite, greisen and granite near E^smore and
other parts ; some of the small crystals found with the tin ore are beautifully developed.
Found also on Glen Creek, Scrubby Gully, Vegetable Creek, and near InvereU, county
of Gough j Dundee ; Oban, county Clarke ; Balala ; Bingera, county Murchison ; Two-mile Flat,
county Hardinge ; Bathurst, county Bathurst ; Bell Biver, county Roxburgh ; Macqoarie and
Lachlan Bivei-s ; the Shoalhaven and Abercombie Rivers.
Spikelle. — Spinel Ruby.
Chem. comp. : Magnesium aluminate, MgAlgOi. Cubical system. Small well-fonned
octahedra are by no means rare ; the colour varies from pale brown, red, deep crimson, green,
to black, when it is known as pleonaste.
It is found in most river deposits containing gold, as in the sands of the Severn and its
tributaries, at XJralla, county Sandon; Bingera, county Murchison; at Werong with gold,
zircons, blue and green sapphires, and other gems ; Two-mile Flat, county Hardinge ; Bathurst,
Macquarie, Peel, and Cudgegong Rivers.
Spinel is said to occur in the sandstone on the road near the Fitzroy Iron-mines, NattaL
W. B. Clarke also mentions occurrence of minute spinel rubies in carboniferous sandstone
at Kayon, Richmond River ; but states that they are probably derived from the igneous rocks
of which most of the beds in the Richmond River District are the recomposed materials.
Pleonaste, — Fairly well-formed large crystals of pleonaste with well-marked conchoidal
fracture are found in the Lachlan River. • One fairly well-formed octohedron, from the Munta-
biUi River, Monaro District, was remarkable for its channelled facea
The amorphous black vesicular pleonaste occurring on the Mudgee Diamond-fields was
examined by the late Dr. A. M. Thomson ; who found it to have the following composition : —
Analysis,
Silica and undecomposed 2-76
AluminA 64*29
Seaqnioxide of chromimn 4*62
Magnesia 21*95
Protoxide of iron 4*40
9610
Specific gravity = 3*77. Hardness, 8.
llie colour is dull black, the surface vesicular ; no cleavage, but a highly lustrous well-
marked conchoidal fracture ; streak, grey.
199
Oabnet.
Ghem. oomp. : There are several kinds of garnet^ and they vary in composition, but the
most common are silicates of alumina, lime, iron, manganese, and other bases.
Cubical system : The rhombic dodekahedron and the ikositetrahedron are the most
common forms here as in other parts of the world.
It is the alumina-lime or common garnet which is most generally met with, especially in
the granite ranges, as at Hartley, county Cook ; it is found also at Bingera, county Murchison ;
Pond's Creek, and other places near Inverell, county of Grough ; at Uiulla, county of Sandon ;
in a talc schist at Bathurst, Trunkey Creek, and Coombing Creek Copper-mine, in the county of
Bathurst ; with mica schist in Waishpool Creek, county Drake ; on the Abercrombie River,
county Georgiana ; in the county of Cadell, on the Old Trigomon, Moama River, 4 miles west
of JiUamalong Hill, with hyacinth and gold ; at Hardwicke, near Yass, county of King ; red
translucent garnets are found at Gulgong, county Phillip ; and in Sidmouth Valley.
The garnets from Duckmaloi are dull brown and crystallized in combinations of the
rhombic dodekahedron and ikositetrahedron, with large irregular crystals of epidote, in associa-
tion with wollastonite in schist.
A dark greenish-brown garnet occurs in large quantities, with magnetic iron ore, at
Wallerawang, well crystallized in rhombic dodekahedra.
Small colourless crystals and massive garnet with a variety of diallage or bronzite occur
near Tamworth.
Small brown garnets crystallized in rhombic dodekahedra occur in a mica schist near Sofala.
Andradite, Common Go/met, Lime-iron Garnet — Found associated with magnetite at
Wallerawang; of a brown colour, rather dull. Crystallized in rhombic dodekahedra. The
composition of the massive garnet is given under the head of Magnetite,''^ the mineral with
which it is associated. The following shows the composition of the crystals : —
Arudysis,
Hyffrosoopic moisture '322
Carbonicacid 1-982
Silica 34-164
Alumina 3-251
Iron sesquioxide 29*435
„ protoxide "931
Manganese protoxide *553
Lime 28-303
. Magnesia absent
Potash -341
Soda -186
Loss -532
100-000
Grosmlarite, — Lime alumina garnet
From near Mudgee ; of a rich dark brown colour ; translucent. Imperfectly crystallized
in groups of large rhombic dodekahedra.
Aruilysia,
SiHca 40-617
Alumina 19*906
Iron sesquioxide -285
„ protoxide 3*166
Manganese protoxide 3*700
lime 82-246
Magnesia traces
Carbonicacid -264
100*072
Idocrase.
Said to occur ia the Snowy Mountains with epidote, diopside, and garnets.
* See p. 104.
MINERAIi LOCALITIES IN NEW SOUTH WALEI
ihe reasons given at the beginning of this paper, the following list of localities for minerals must be
led as only provisional ; in many cases the minerals probably do not occur at the place itself, but are
. somewhere in the neighbourhood.
Aroyle.
lore, Goolbam Plains Marble.
/reek Pisolitic iron ore, wad.
{'Greek Diamond.
e Iron ores, silver, zinc blende.
tw Greek Silver ores.
Flat Molybdenite.
nia Alonogen, andalusite, antimo-
nite, copper ores, epidote,
Salena, g^rpsum, jpharmaoosi-
erite, pisolitic iron ore,
plumbago, tinstone.
rang Copper ores.
im Galena, gold, mispickeL
ry Magnetite.
ivJly Tixutone, wad.
HSl Pisolitic iron ore.
8 Creek Zinc blende.
m Coal, marble, mispickel.
mbateman Marble.
lunga Copper ores.
Creek Tinstone.
a Creek Lignite.
lUama Creek Pisolitic iron ore.
ddilly Kiver Copper ores.
.nmla Albite.
Abbawitta.
ilia Asbestos, coal.
Creek Websterite.
iBiver Spinelle.
ASHBUBNHAM.
Bnrra Goethite, magnetite, tin.
3Us Copper.
idine Creek. Copper ores, marble.
indra Gold.
Copper ores, gjrpsom, gold.
rabbity Marble.
ong (Iz miles from).. Copper ores, gold.
I Copper ores.
I (near) Marble.
on Jasper.
g Copper ores, jasper, lead,
prebnite.
; Creek Copper ores, smaragdite.
ggan's Lead Gold.
I Calcite, copper, gold.
It Mine Copper ores.
Plains Pyroxene.
sPaddoek Copperores.
ing Bntbkir Mine ... Gold.
2o
Auckland.
Bobbers, Jingery, and Pam- Epidote.
bula (between).
Brogo and Twofold Bay Bog Batter.
(Mtween). •
Chonta Lignite.
Eden Antimonite, gold.
Fro^s Hole Copper ores, calcite.
Menmbula Galena, gold.
Pambola Graphite.
Twofold Bay Antmionial copper ore.
Bathubst.
BackCreek Goethite.
Bathurst Ck>pper, diamond, epidote, gsr<
ne^ gold, iron pyrites, jasper,
marble, osmium-indiom, pyrom-
orphiie, spinelle, staurolite, talc,
tinstone, titanif erons iron, topaz.
Bathurst (near) Amethvst, antimonite, copper-
nickel, gypsum, silver ores, wmL
Bathurst Road Wad.
Belubula Biver Magnetite, marble, gold.
Blayney Copper (native and ores),
aUophane, haBmatite.
Brown's Creek Gold, magnetite, copperores.
Caloola Asbestos, braunite, pyrolusite,
wad, gold, haematite.
Carcoar Chalcedony, copper ores, eisen-
kiesel, gold, hfBmatite,haIIoy8ite,
iron pyriteiB, nuigne^te, mar-
casite, mispickel, opaL
Coombing Creek Chopper ores, garnet, kupfer-
mangers.
Ck>pperhannia Ck>pper ores, chlorite, gold.
Cow Flat Actmolite, asbestos, copper ores,
galena, steatite, zinc blende,
marble.
Cowra .; Copper ores, opal.
Cowridge Creek Agate, chalcedony, sahlite.
Diamond Hill Epidote.
Glanmire Manganese.
Icely Asbestos, copper, epeomite, soap-
stone, steatite.
KaizerMine Copperores, chessylite, gold*
King's Plains Asbestos, kaolin, gold*
Milburn Creek Copperores.
Mount Grosvenor Galena, silver.
Mount Lawson Asbestos.
New Summer Hill Argentiferous galena.
Ponsonby Parish^ Hiunatite, copper ores.
BeedvC&eek Diamond.
Boddy (5 miles W. of) ... Manganese, hornblende.
Sidmouth Valley Garnet, gold, copper ores, man-
ganeie, epidote.
u
LIST OF MINERAL LOCALITIES IN NEW SOUTH WALES.
Bathttrst — continued.
Summer Hill Hsematite.
Slimmer Hill Creek Gold.
Teesdale Silver.
Waroo Galena.
Wentworth Picrolite, gold, mispickel, magne-
tite.
Whet Creek Gold.
Winter k Morgan's Mine Silver (native), gold, copper ores,
barytes, pyromorphite, galena.
Wood's Flat Gold, limonite.
Bkbesford.
Cooma Emerald, gold, gypsum, hyper-
sthene, muscovite, tourmaline,
tremolite.
Wheeo Copper ores, muscovite.
chrysocolla.
Bland.
Bland Opal.
Calabash Creek Diamond.
Humbug Creek Gold.
Temora Gold, copper ores, galena.
Woodstowu Gold.
Blaxland.
BoonaWest Tinstone.
Eremeran Tinstone.
Mount Hope Copper ores.
Blioh.
Balara Copper ores.
Cudgegong Biver Gold, diamond, &c.,
Munmarra Wulfenite.
Talbragar Biver Analcime, apophyllite, chaba-
site, titaiiiferous iron.
Tallawang Gold.
BOURKE.
Cowabee Gold.
Mandama West Pyrites.
Brisbaite.
Inverleigh Coal.
IsitBiver Galena, silver ores.
Kingdon't Ponds Wulfenite.
Mount Agate Agate.
Mount Wingen Agate, alunogen, limonite,
magnetite, orthoclase,
sulphur, wulfenite.
Murrurundi F^rroxene, torbanite, zeolites,
camelian, agate.
Murrurundi Tunnel Apophyllite, chabasite, gis-
mondme, gmelenite,
halloysite, natrolite.
Page Biver Galena, limestone, silver ores.
BUOCLEUCH.
Darbarra Parish Tinstone.
Lob's Hole Arragonite, calcite, copper ores.
Tumut Hcematite, gold.
Yarrangobilly Copper ores, gold.
BUCKLAND.
Carroll's Creek Tinstone.
Quirindi Creek Tinstone.
Wallabadah Copper, galena, marble, zeolites.
BULLBR.
Bookookoorara Tinstone.
Boonoo Boonoo Grold, tinstone.
Boorook Silver ores, gold.
Herding Creek Tinstone, gemstones, etc.
Maryland Creek Tinstone, gemstones, etc.
Ruby Creek Tinstone, gemstones, etc.
Kuby Tin-mine Tinstone, diamond, gemstones,
etc.
Undercliflf Tinstone.
Wylie Creek Tinstone, gemstones, etc.
Tooloom River Coal, gold.
BURNETI.
Warialda Diallage, serpentine.
Camden.
Atkinson's Mine Coal, haematite.
Berrima Coal, goethite, halloysite,
limonite, torbanite.
Broughton Creek Torbanite.
Broughton Vale Goethite.
BuUi Coal, limonite.
Burragorang Epsomite, galena, limestone,
torbanite.
Cambewarra Ranges Torbanite.
Colo Gates Coal.
Cordeaux River Graphite.
Gerringong Laumonite.
Gibralta ^ck Alunogen.
Jamberoo Chalybite, chert, goethite, ooaL
Jordan's Crossing CoaL
Joadja Creek Coal, jet, torbanite.
Kiama Agate, amethyst, copper,
laumonite, opal.
Macquarie Valley Gold.
Minumurra Creek C^.
Mittagong Coal, goethite, iron ores.
Mount Keira Coal, goethite, iron ores, graphite.
Mount Kembla Coal, torbanite.
Mount Pleasant Coal, iron.
Nattai Coal, ^^thite, haematite,
limonite, pisolitic iron ore,
pleonaste.
Picton Salt.
Saddleback Torbanite.
Shell Harbour Gold.
Sutton Forest Chabasite, halloysite, hieiiiatite.
Winsecarribee River Coal.
Wollondilly Marble, limestone.
Wollongong Calcite, coal, limestone.
LIST OF MINERAL LOCALITIES IK KEW SOUTH WALES.
••2
Clabknce.
Clarence Bi ver Antimonite, apatite, coal, copper
ores, goethite, magnetite,
reisnite, serpentine, silver ores.
Grafton Antimonite, chromite, gold,
magnetite.
Nana Creek Gold, pyrites.
Orara Epidote, tourmaline.
Tea-tree Creek Tmstone.
Clarkndon.
Bethnngra Galena.
Coolao Serpentine.
EoroDgilly. Gold.
Gnndagai District ......... Antimonite, asbestos, braonite,
copper ores, goethite, ^Id,
loungite, manganese, minium,
native lead, topaz, marble.
Jones' Creek Asbestos, cidcite, serpentine.
Jimee District Gold, limestone.
Kimo Gold, copper ores.
Oura Schorl, muscovite, spodumene.
Sebastopol Reef Galena, gold.
Wantiool Gold.
Clabke.
Aberfoil Antimonite.
Hoont Mitchell Antimonite, tin.
Oban Cairngorm, molybdenite, ortho-
clase, sapphire, tinstone, topaz,
tourmaline.
Sara River Tinstone.
CuvE.
Byrne's Lode Native bismuth.
I>eepwater Creek Tinstone, gemstones, &c.
Mole River Tinstone, gemstones, &c.
Hole Tableland Tinstone, gemstones, &c.
Sandy Mount Tinstone.
Tenterfield Antimonite, gold, hornblende,
native bismuth.
Cook.
Bathnte Torbanite.
Blaokheath Goethite, torbanite.
Blue Mountains Wad, limonite, graphite, chert,
hsematite.
Bowenfels v Coal, sold, limonite.
KskbanV Coal, hsematite.
Qovett^s Leap Gold (traces), wad.
Qow's Creek Fluor-spar.
Hartley Chert, galena, garnet, heulan-
dite, hiematite, jet, torbanite,
ffold.
Katoomba Wad. Coal, torbanite. (See
Blue Mountains.)
Lithffow Valley Coal, goethite, limonite.
MflaTong Coal.
Mount &nff George Goethite.
Mount Lamnie Fluorspar, hiematite, limonite,
miM[netite, garnet.
Movint Megalon CoaL
Mount Tomah Goethite.
Cook — eontmued.
Mount Victoria 'Chert.
Mount Wilson Olieoclase.
Mount York Coid, torbanite.
Mudgee Road Aluno^en.
New Bridge Goethite.
Vale of Clwydd Coal, gold pyrites.
Walker's Crossing Icon pyrites.
Wallerawang Alunogen, andradite, antimonite,
chert, coal, epeomite, garnet,
goethite, limestone^ limonite,
magnetite, marble.
Wolgan Gold, coal.
Narrandera
Cooper.
,. Goethite.
Coonabarabran
COWKN.
.. Bitumen.
Cowley.
Cavan Limestone.
Coodrabidgee River Arragonite.
Cotta River (near).: Copper ores.
Gudgeby River (near) Talc.
Naas Valley Muscovite, orthoclase.
Cumberland.
Appin Alunogen, epsomite.
BuUi Alunogen, coal, haematite.
Cataract River Arragonite, calcite.
Coal Cliff. Coal, limonite.
Manly Beach HsBmatite.
Parramatta River Lifl|nite, zeolites.
Pennant Hills Asbestos, calcite.
Pittwater Alunogen.
Port Hacking Arragonite, goethite. .
South Creek Coal.
Sydney Hsematite.
Windsor Pisolitic iron ore.
Dampier.
Dena River Gold.
Montreal Gold.
Moruya Arsenic, mercury, zino blende,
ffold.
Moruya River Galena, mispickel, silver ores,
gold.
Mount Dromedary Gold.
Nerrigundah Gold.
Wagonga Mercury.
Darling.
Barraba Chromite, copper ores, gold,
kaolin, magnetite, pyroxene,
serpentine, tripoU.
Manilla Calcite, copper ores, epidote,
serpentine.
Manilla River Copper ores, iron pyrites.
Mount Lowry Creek Tinstone.
Namoi River Iron pyrites.
Nangahra Creek Tinstone.
Tiabundii Creek Tinstone.
Iv
LIST OF MINIBAL LOOALITIBB IN NBW SOUTH WALB8.
Dbaks.
Gangai Qold.
Drake Antimonite, cervantite.
Fkirfield Gold, tinstone.
Lunatic Antimonite, native araenio, gold.
Plambago Creek Graphite (plumbago).
Solferino » Antimonite, ceruadte, copper,
galena, gold, magnetite, rode
orvstaL
Timbarra Gold.
Tooloom Gold.
tVashpool Creek Antimonite, garnet.
Dudley.
Caragula Antimonite, cervantite.
Kempsey ;.. Antimonite, barytet, cervantite,
marble.
Munga Creek Antimonite, cervantite.
Warnll Antimonite, silver ores.
Durham.
Calton Hill — Platinum, native silver.
Dunffog(near) Gold.
Greuora Antimonite, cervantite.
Muswellbrook Chabasite, De Lessite, zeolites.
Paterson River Antimonite, cervantite, silver
ores.
Biz Creek Coal, iron.
EVBLYN.
Grey Ranges Gypsum.
Mount Brown Gold.
Farnell.
Mount Arrowsmith Gypsum, agate.
MountLyell Copper ores.
FOBBES.
The Pinnacle Nepheline, gold.
Wangajong Gold.
GXOBOIANA.
Abercrombie River Apatite, barytes, chabasite,
aiamond, garnet, ^phite,
sapphire, topaz, zircon, gold.
Abercrombie Ranges Asbestos.
Aberoombie Caves Marble.
Briar Park Asbestos, copper ores.
Crookwell River Copper and silver ores.
Grove Creek Mercury.
Jones' Mount Copper ores.
Kangaloola Creek Kyanite.
Mount Werong Pleonaste, sapphire.
Peelwood Antimonite, cerussite, copper
ores, galena, minium, molyl>de-
nite.
Rockley Marble.
Bookv bridge Creek Barytes, chalybite, opal.
SeweU's Cr^k Asbestos, sapphire, steatite.
Thompson's Creek Copper ores.
Tninkey A^te, asbestos, diamond, opal,
Ulo, steatite, gold, marble.
Taena ^ Cerussite, copper ores, gold,
williamsite.
G1PF8.
Condobolin Copper ores.
Forbes (60 miles W. of)... Iron ores.
LakeCowal Gold.
Gloucesteb.
Bowman River Gold.
Back Creek Mispickel, gold.
Cooloongoolook Gola.
Port Stephens Marble, coal.
Stroud Gold.
Williams River Soap-stone, gold.
Gloucester Coat. .
GOBDON. '
Buokinbar Copper, silver ores.
Gooderich Copper, molybdenum, gold.
Billy's Look-out Gold.
GonoH.
Albion Mine Rook crystal, tinstone, wolfinnu
Bald Nob Creek Steatite.
Bruce Mine Native bismuth.
Byron's Plains Cairngorm, augite.
Dundee Copper ores, emerald, mispickel,
plumbago, sapphire, tinntoms
topaz.
Elsmore Copper ores, emerald, fluorsptr,
mispickel, molybdenite, mnaoo-
vite, native bismuth, tinstooe^
wolfram, beryL
Glen Creek Galena, tinstone, topai, wolfram,
wood-tin.
Glen Innes Native bismuth.
Inverell Adamantine spar, agate, analcime,
arragonite, augite, copper ores,
galena, ^elenite, opal, a^
phire, sibcified wood, ^*M4^ff»^
topaz, wolfram, olivine.
Kingsgato Molybdenum, native bimiiitli,
tinstone.
Lamb's Paddock Fluorspar.
Middle Creek Cairngorm, diamond, pyroxene,
tin9tone, sapphires, and other
gems, fluorspar, galena.
M'Intyre River (^umgorin, tin.
Newstead Chalcedony, chalvlntc^ diamoad,
limestone, molybdenite, miiMO*
vite, pyroxene, rock crystal,
sapphire, tin, wolfram.
New Valley Graphite, tinstone.
Paradise Creek Emerald.
Pond's Creek Bismuthite, garnet, tin, tc^Mk
Ranger's Valley ».. Cairngorm, steatite, tinatone.
Redgate Native bismuth.
Rose Valley Sapphire, tinstone.
Shannon River Tinstone.
Shannon Valley Tinstone.
Sheep Station Creek Tinstone.
Silent Grove Creek Native bismuth, tinstone.
Spring Creek Tinstone.
Stockyard Creek Tinstone.
Swan Creek Tiastone.
Vegetable Creek Diamond, monadte, native bis-
muth, sapphire, tinstono.
Yarrow River Tinstone.
List OV MIKSRAL L00ALITIK8 IK HHW SOUTH WALIS.
GOULBUSN.
Alfafury Gold, pyrites.
CopoDellm Copper ores.
Jingellic Creek Tinstone.
Qresham.
AnnBiver Tinstone.
Henry River Tinstone.
Mitchell Biver Tinstone, gold.
Kymboi- Biver Camelian, gold.
Hardinob.
Aulram Vale Creek Tinstone.
Balolft ... Orthoclase, topaz, tourmaline.
BengOQOYer Mine Diamond, tinistone and gem-
stones.
Bolitho Mine Tinstone.
Borah Mine Diamond, tin.
Bnndarra Tinstone.
Cameron's Creek Pyroxene.
Cope's Creek Diamond, fluorspar, hornblende,
rock crystal, sapphire, tinstone,
tourmaline, topaz, galena.
Honey^Creek Tinstone.
Htneymokle Creek Tinstone.
Kentocky P^nds Tinstone.
Made HiU Pisolitic iron ore.
Morednn Creek Tinstone.
BoekyBiTer Antimonite, gold, magnetite,
tin, titaniferous iron, zircon.
Study Creek Tinstone.
Sandy Swamp Galena.
Smaahem's Creek Tinstone.
Stony Batta Creek Chromite, serpentine.
Swan Greek Tinstone.
S w ui toB Parish Tinstone.
Tiiifj^ Bismuthite, galena, tin, copper
ores.
Two-mlle Creek Iron ores.
Capertee.
Hunter.
.. Calcite, gold.
Harden.
Binalong Magnetite.
Bogolong Magnetite.
Bookham Galena, haematite, marble.
Ccotanmndia Wad.
Han's Creek Wad.
Jngiong Creek Galena, magnetite.
Mnmunborrah Galena, gold.
IMora Galena, haematite, gold.
Mitttama Gold.
Wombat Gold.
Inglls.
Bendemeer Hornblende, man«inese,
platinum, sapphire, tinstone,
tourmaline.
Carlyle's Creek Tinstone.
Peel Biver Copper ores.
Tamworth Gmelenite, goethite, gold,
manganese, zeolites.
Woolomi Chromite, jasper.
Attonga Tinstone.
Bala
Bowning Creek ....
Burrowa
Burrowa Oeek
Crookwell
Dalton
Derringellon Creek
Good Hope Mine ...
Gunning
Hardwicke
Pudman Creek
Silverdale
Sharpening-stone Creek
Yass
Yass Plains
Yass Biver .
Weeho
KiKO.
. Copper ores.
. Copper and silver ores.
. Copper ores, galena.
Silver ores.
. Galena.
. GU)ld, pyrites.
. Copper ores.
. Lead ores, fluorspar.
. Copper ores, gold.
. Garnet.
. Galena.
. Cerussite, copper ores, galena,
fluorspar, wad, zinc blende,
marble.
. Antimonite.
. Chlorite, chromite, copper orti^
galena, gypsum, magnetite,
rock crystal, wad.
. Marble.
. Silver ores.
. Gold.
Lincoln.
Barbigal Coal, iron ores.
Dubbo Agate, amethyst, chalcedony.
Dunedoo Gold.
Mitchell's Creek Gold, copper.
Maoquarie.
Hastings Biver Antimonite, marmolite.
Kempsey (near) Marble.
Manning Biver Antimonite, marble, marmoliia,
silver ores.
Port Maoquarie Braunite, gold.
Port Macquarie (near) Gold, copper ores.
Tacking Point Silver ores.
Mitchell.
Mangoplah Gold.
Mittegong Gold.
Pullitop Creek Tinstone, wolfram, gold.
MONTBAOLE.
Burransrong Gold.
GrenfeU Gold, iron p^tes, magnetite^
p^rromorphite, silver ores,
tmstone, amethyst.
Kennedy's Oeek Chromite.
Lambing Flat Kaolin, tinstone, gold.
Narellan Creek Goethite.
Tyagong Qold,
Young Galena, gold, tourmaline.
Nymagee
MOU&AMBA.
.... Copper ores, yivianite.
VI
LIST OF MINERAL LOOALITIES IK KBW SOUTH WALES.
MURCHISON.
Anffolar Creek Chromite.
Bala Rockfl Tinstone.
Bingera Adamantine spar, albite, anti-
monite, bismuth, bismuthite,
bronzite, copper ores, chromite,
diallage, diamond, diaclasite,
eisenkiesel, gold, garnet, jasper,
kyanite, limonite, magnesite,
mispickel, molybdenite,
osmiumiridium, pyrites,
picrolite, rock crystal, sapphire,
serpentine, spinelle, tellurium,
tinstone, tituiiferous iron ores,
topaz, tourmaline, zircon, gold.
Bingera Creek Chromite, gold.
Connijora Asbestos, native lead.
Gineroi Antimonite.
Gundalmulda Creek Chromite.
Myall Creek Tinstone, caloite.
Beedy Creek Chromite, copper, elaterite,
galena, halloysite, prehnite,
tinstone.
Two-mile Flat Chrysolite.
MURBAY.
Boro Haematite, manganese.
Bunffondore Braunite.
BrodLs' Creek Silver ores.
Camberra Plains ... Galena.
Cotter's Biver Arragonite, copper ores,
eisenkiesel.
LakeC^i^ Jasper.
Modbury &eek Chiastolite.
Molonglo River Silver ores, wulfenite.
Mountain Creek Silver ores.
Murrumbidgee River Galena, silver ores, gold.
Qneanbeyan Chlorite, marble, silver ores.
Queanbey an 'River Copper ores.
Reedy Creek Galena.
NOBTHUMBEBLAND.
AnvilCreek Coal.
Ash Idand Gypsum.
Brisbane Water Haematite, pisolitic iron ore.
Buttar Ranges Limonite.
EastMaitland Coal.
Glebe Coal.
Greta Coal, torbanite.
Lake Macquarie Coal, torbanite.
Lambton Coal.
Newcastle Coal.
Plattsburg Coal.
Redhead Coal.
Russell's Mine Coal.
Shepherd's Hill Haematite.
Singleton Coal, gypsum.
Teralba Coal.
Tighe's HUl Coal.
Tugserah Beach Lake Yenite.
WaUsend Coal.
Waratah Coal, hydrocarbon.
West Maitland Agate, camclian, chalcedony,
goethite.
Pabbt.
Bowling Alley Point Bronzite, diallage, garnet, gdd,
mica, native copper, zircon.
Clear Creek Magnetite.
Hanging Rock Chromite, gold, native lead, ser-
pentine.
Nundle Antimonite, copper ores, gold.
Nundle Creek Cluromite, sappmre.
Peel River Antimonite, arragonite, copper*
nickel, salena, gold, marmoute,
native lead, rock crystal, sap*
phire, serpentine, marUe.
Phillip.
Jungemonia and Uranbeen Hornblende, steatite, talc.
(Mtween)
Eumbi and Bimbijong Ruby,
(between)
Cadell's Reef Scorodite.
Canadian Lead Gold.
Cooyal Gk>ethite, mMietite, rock-
crystal, gold.
Cudgegong River Anatase, arragonite, brookite,
cinnabar, diamond, gypsnm,,
jasper, limonite, mercury,
ortnoolase, ruby, aafphm,
spinelle, titaniferoosiron,
topaz, zircon, and other gem*
stones, gold.
Dabee Alunogen, epsomite,ThomiOiitis.
Glenlyon Rock-crystal.
Goree ^ Epidote.
Great Mullen Creek Chrysolite, ruby.
Gulgong Albite, asbestos, calcite, chalce-
dony, chalybite, chlorite,
chondrodite, chromite^ ep'
g^ena, gnmet, gold, iron
pyrites. Kaolin, magnesite,
marble, mimetite, mispickel,
opal, topaz.
Guntawang Pvroxene, gold.
Havili^ Chalcedony, marble, gold.
Home Rule Felspar, opal, orthoolase, rock
crystal, gold, ochre.
Jordan's Hill Opal.
Lawson's Creek Galena, opal, orthodase^ nibj.
Rats' Castle Creek
cedony, ruby, wavellite^
de
sapphire, and other gemstoaes.
Chafa "
homi
Tallawang Gold.
The Lagoons Hyperstnene.
Two-miXFlat, nr. Mudgee Brookite, carbonaceous eartii,
coal, chromite, epsomite, gold,
grossularite, haUoysite, jamr.
magnesite, marble, musoovite,
oemiumiridium, orthoclase^
pleonaste, rock crystal, tinstone,
titaniferous iron, topaz,
torbanite.
POTTINOEB.
Gunnedah.
Antimonite, calcite, cervantite^
chalcedony, gold.
U8T OV MnnBBAL LOCALITIBS IN NEW SOUTH WALES.
VU
Richmond.
Oordon Greek Tinstone.
Gordon B^m>k. Anthracite, chromite, copper
ores.
Kayon... Pleonaste.
Mooialtrie Chalcedony, quartz, siliceous
sinter.
Biehmond River GimoHte, gold, jasper,
meerschaum, opaL
Bichmond River (on the Platinum.
Gold coast).
Robinson.
Cobar
Copper ores, native bismuth,
opal, gold.
Rous.
Ballina (near) Diamond.
Richmond River CoaL
Coast, along Gold.
Roxburgh.
Cnllen Bullen Alunogen, copper ores, epsomit®-
Mitchell's Creek Barvtes, copper ores, fluorspar,
galena, golo, magnetite,
pyromorphite, marble, wad.
Palmer's Antimonite.
Pink's Creek Copper, ribbon-jasper, sapphire.
Rylstone Albite, antimomte, braumte,
manganblende.
Solala.... Antimonite, gold.
Tnron River Diamond, epsomite, gold, tin-
stone.
Two-mile Creek Chromite.
WatUeFIat Mispickel.
Sandon.
Armidale Antiminite, gold, manganese,
native bismuth, bismu^te.
Ben Lomond Sapphire.
Dangar's Falls Antimony.
Oara Antimomte, cervantite.
Uxalla Adamantine spar, antimonite,
chromite, diamond, eamet,
goethite, gold, hornblende,
opal, rockcrystal, rutile,
sapphire, spmelle, tinstone,
tourmaline, titaniferous iron,
schorl, topaz, zircon.
Selwyn.
Burra Creek Tinstone.
Pilot Reef Gold.
Tambemmba Creek Ctold.
Tumut River Cachalong.
St. Vinobnt.
Araluen Qold, silver ores.
Armprior Marble, chiastolite.
Braidwood Galena, gold, opal, silver, zinc
Broad Gully Gold.
Carwary Haematite.
Carwell. Calcite, goethite, hsematite,
hydrotalcite, opal.
Jervis Bay Goethite.
Jineroo Mount Copper ores, galena.
Major's Creek Galena, zinc blende, gold,
pyrites, hornblende.
Monga Gold, silver ores.
Pigeon House Pyroxene.
Shoalhaven River Aiunogen, antimonite, chryso-
lite, copper ores, diamond,
emerald, epidote, ^ena, li^te,
magnesite, marcasite, mispickel,
platinum, tinstone, zircon, gold.
Talwal Creek... Galena.
Yalwal Creek Galena, platinum, gold.
TONOOWOKO.
Granite Diggings Gold, tin.
Urana
Urana.
. Gold.
Vernox.
""^psley River Copper, marmolite.
Apgley Copper ores.
BUen borough River Waa.
WiUcha Chalcedony, gold.
Wallace.
Adaminaby Tinstone, gold.
Kiandra Emerald, copper ores, galena,
gold, iron pyrites, li^te,
molybdenite muscovite,
psilomelane, zircon.
Manner's Creek launtone.
New Chum HiU GoM.
Seymour Copper ores.
Snowy Mountain Idocrase.
Snowy River Sapphire, gold.
Whipstick Flat Gold.
Wbllesley.
Bibbenluke Barytes.
Bombala Galena, gold, copper.
Cambalong Barytes, galena.
Delegate » Gold.
Merinoo Barytes.
Qucdong Mount Copper ores, galena.
Slaughterhouse Creek Barytes.
▼Ui
LIST W MINBKAL LOQAIiITISS IN HEW SOUTH WALI8.
WlLUNOTOK.
Aviflford Zoisite.
Bald Hills Agate, comindum, diamond,
maganese, mtile.
Bell River Sappnire, topaz, and other
gematones.
Bell River and Guano Hill C^enkiesel.
(between).
Borroba Creek Abeatos.
Burraga Copper.
Borrandong Anatase, brookite, diamond,
gold.
Campbell's Creek Jamesonite.
Canoolas Mount Bary tea, copper ores, gold.
Cmdine Creek Antimonite, gold.
Dowagarang Nepheline, amaragdite.
Hargrares Oold.
Hargravea Falls Antimonite.
Harmves (40 miles W. of) Barvtes.
Haiivins Hill Golo, pyrrhotine, muscovite,
corundum, chabasite, olivine.
Hill End Gold, wad.
Ironbark Chromite, gold.
Jordan's Hill Arragonite, chalybite.
Lewis Ponds Creek Asbestos, copper ores, epidote,
ma^esite, gold.
Louisa Creek Bruoite, cadmium, chrvsolite,
copper ores, jO^ld, lollin^te,
magnesite, mispickel, native
arsenic, opal, pjrolusite,
realgar, scorodite, sulphur,
zinc blende.
Lncknow Asbestos, copper ores, gold,
picrolite, mispickel, serpentine.
Merrendee.. Actinolite, hornblende.
Meroo Creek Gold.
Monkey Hill Diamond.
Nug^ty Gully Creek Jamesonite.
Ophur Emerald, galena, gold,
platinum, titaniferous iron.
OphirCreek Gold.
Orange Marble, mispickel, muscovite,
silver ores, wad, zinc blende.
Pyramul Antimonite, cervantite, gold.
Pyramul Creek Diamond, gold.
Sall/sFlat Diamond, gold.
Sprmff Creek Tinstone.
Sugarloaf Hill Mimetite.
Sunny Comer Zinc blende, gold, galena, silver
ores, copper ores.
Tambaroora Gold, opal.
Two-mile Flat Gk>ld, diamond, sapphire, and
other gemstones.
Wellbank Copper ores.
Wellington Agate, braunite, ohaloedony,
copper ores, gaJena, gold,
marble, opal, titaniferous
iron, wad.
Wellington Craves (near) ... Copper ores, marble.
Windeyer Golo.
Wentworth Asbestos.
W«RUin>A.
Salt Lake Salt.
Wl8TM0BXLJLin>.
Eflsington Copper ores.
Fish Siver Golo, garnets.
Fish River Caves Marble, saltpetre.
Native Dog Creek Gold, sapphire, and other genii
stones.
Oberon Copper ores, diamond^ epidoto^
pyroxene, gold.
O'ConneU Hematite, opaL
Sewell's Creek Gold, specular iron, asbestos.
Wiseman's Creek Antimonite, copper ores, (pit&BMf
platinum, zinc blende, gold.
Wiseman's South Copper ores, fluorspar, gold.
Wynyakd.
Adelong Copperores, gold, iron pwA l m^
scneelite, silver ores, stiUitte^
zinc blende.
AdelongOeek Gold.
Cowarbee Mine Gold.
Stony Creek Copper ores, gold, halloyiito^
toroanite.
Tarcutta Alunogen, sulphur, tootmaliiMy
cold.
Tarrabandra Marble.
Tumberumba Ruby, sapphire, gold.
Wagga Wagga Titaimferous iron.
Yangowinna.
Umberumba Creek Galena.
MlBCBLLANXOnS.
Abingdon Tinstone.
Alum Creek Alunogen.
Armstrong Mine Copperores.
Belubula and LacUan Baiytes.
Rivers (between).
Bogan and Lachlan Rivers Geothite, tin.
(between).
Burramunffie andMorowat Tourmaline.
Rivers (between).
Billabong Tinstone.
Blair HiU Tinstone.
Bloomfield OpaL
Bocoble Copper ores, gold.
Bogan River GyjNrum, magnetite,
Boorolong Antimonite.
Britannia Mine Diamond, tinstone, sapfdiirs^ tad
other gems.
Broadwater Muscovite.
Brownlea Silver ores.
Bullakalnt Amethyst.
Bullanamang Tourmaline.
Bundian Bpidote, orthodase.
ButchartMine Tmores.
CaUaliaCreek Agalmatolite, pyroxene.
Castlereagh River Opal, camelian.
Chichester River Galena.
Collingwood Oligodase, gold.
CombuHanarang Maffnetite.
Conical Hills Zeolites.
Cookaboo River Agate.
Coolah Ozokerite.
Coolalamine Plain Albite.
INDEX OF MINERALS.
LIST of Minerah meniioned in the foregoing Paper : —
186
Adun»ntme Spar 196
Adnluia 187
Agaltoktolite 192
Amte 178
Albito 188
AUopluBie _ 1B9
Alnm 168
Amrthyrt 178
Amianthni 186
Amphibole 185
AnJi-im a 190
Aimtaae 103
Andtdnute 186
Andimdite 199
Angletite 95
AnbTdroiu SitiestM 184
Anthndto 15!
Antiinonits 89
ADtiiuoD}', N&tiTe 99
Antiroonj' Oiide 100
Antimcmial Copper Om 91
Antimonj Sulfide 99
Apatita 175
Apophyllito IBO
Argcnlite, 8 ilTer Sulphide 80
Aimganito 174
Ancnip, Native 99
Aneuicol 'Pjtitet 99
Aibertoe 186
Aitcrik 195
AUcMnite 92
Aogite 191
Ainrite 91
BarUjite. 195
BurjTei 175
BcUraelnl Ore 91
Berjt 196
BiamuUi, NatiTe 97
Bismutliite 98
Bitumen, EWlic 169
Blende 119
Bog-bntter 168
Bog Head Mincnsl 169
Bog Iron Ore, Idmonito HI
Bomite 94
BrickClay 194
Biookhe 103
Brown Ooal, Ligiii(« 168
Cacholong 180
Csimgonn 177
Calcite 171
CaTnelian 179
CMdterite 101
Conueite 95
Cemmtite 100
Chabente 190
90
118
Chert _..
OhiutoUto 166
Chlorite 198
Chrpmite, Chnmitf Inm 114
Chi7K>ben| 197
Chrytooolb 92
ChiyieUto 184
CimoUte 198
Cinnabar 90
Claje 198
Coal, Anthracite 162
„ Brown, Lignite 168
„ Cknnel .169,166
128
Oob»lt, Odd» 117
Comptonite 189
Condumto , 93
Copper, Natire 90
Block Oxide, Tenorite 90
Bed Glide, Cuprite 90
Chloride, Ataoamito... ""
Blue Cirbotmt«, Ohewrlite...
91
. Jhtmhb
Qrcon Carbonate, Halacl
QroT Sulphide, QloDoe 93
Pjntee 94
Purple, Bomite 9*
Copper-sicliel 119
Canmdum 196
Cuprite 90
Pru>it«, Kjanite 186
CTmophane 197
Delewte 192
Diallage 186
J>iamotkl 121
DiBthene 186
Dome^kite 94
Earthj Mineral!.. 171
EisenkieKl 178
EUterite 169
Emerald 196
Emery 192
Kpidote 187
Ep«)mit« 169
. Fahlen 94
Felipar, Common 187
GlaMT 187
Albito 188
Nepfadine 188
Oligodaee 188
Orthoolaee 187
Spodumene 188
Figure-itone 102
Fire-dftj 194
Flof-ferri 174
Hnortpw 175
urCBX OF UIKBBAL&
Lilt of Min&rala mentioned in Ute /oregoiny Paper — contmned.
96
190
las
. 180
189
. 191
66
. 66
70
77
77
79
79
79
. 108
128
. 192
. 199
. 176
. 107
194
. 188
. 176
. 191
. 186
. 197
180
. 189
. 1B5
. 187
. 171
. 116
. lie
89
104
. 108
113
114
. Ill
. 114
116
116
. 104
lis
114
lis
109
. 116
lis
. 10*
. 108
. 104
116
197
. 100
. 197
. 178
. 178
. 168
96
19«
. 169
. 119
. US
SZS.^:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Garnet
189
96
:,' Natrxe
„ Nugget»
,, aulphftte
gs
96
Liputo
168
„ DiecOTeiy
176
,. Sidphiito
LOJliDgitSi LcucopjrritcB „.
Ljdionstoiio
OrecnlBartb
99
178
^Se :;:•:::::::::::::::::::::;:::
Sulphate
MagnMite
Magnetite
MiwneUc Pyrites
169
176
H»lloy«M
HHiyne
104
116
91
117
Hyacinth
HjsIitB
116
loe-Bpar
Eyute
K?r ;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
190
Miniiun
95
„ Phosphate
„ Hagnatio Pyrite*, Pyrrhotme....
„ NatiTo
„ Pyrites
MonMJto
MoonBtono
MuUeA SUm, Hyalite
MuBCOTitO
Natroiito
Hatwn
120
187
180
188
190
lilSS,-::::::::::::;::::::;;:::::::;;:
„ Sulphide
Iron-oret
0^
OUvenite
OliTiae
116
lis
94
184
„ Magnetic
m
i^
Peridot „.
Jrt
KampjUte
Kaolm
Piprolito
Finite
K-m»»nA Ah.l.
FUdnnui
88
OATALOaXJE
OF
WOBKS, PAPERS, REPORTS, AND MAPS,
ON THE
GEOLOGY, PALiCONTOLOGY, MINERALOGY,
MINING AND METALLURGY, ETC.
OF THE
AUSTKA LIAN CONTINENT
AND
tasm:ania,
COMPILED DT
ROBERT ETHERIDOE, JUN.,
OP TIIK DRITISIl MUSEUM
{Late oj the Qeological Surveys of Victoria and Scotland).
AMD
ROBERT LOGAN JACK, F.R.G.S., F.G.S.,
nOYKBNMFNT OEOLOOIST FOR N. QUBENSLAND
[Late of the Geological Survey of Scotland).
PREFACE.
Tub Bibliography of Geology aad ullied Sciences has of lake years reached such
formidable proportions that without aid derived from Catalogues similar to the
present^ any attempt to master their literature, would be futile. The Catalogue of
''Works, Papers, Reports, and Maps" originated concurrently with the ''Catalogue
of Australian Fossils, ''^ by one of us, and may be looked upon as a further expansion
of the List given at the end of that work. The Manuscript had long been kept
in a state of preparation, without an opportunity for publication occurring. The
appointment of the other Compiler as Government Geological Surveyor of North
Queensland offered a fitting opportunity for the completion of the work*
We present it to our fellow-scientists, especially our Australian collcagacft,
of whose work in particular it may be said to be an epitome, in the hope that it
may afford them as much assistance in their labours, as it has given pleasure to as
in its preparation.
No one is more cognisant of the many imperfections and omissions than the
Compilers. We, however, trust that our readers will look at the references given
rather than at those omitted. Many Colonial Reports we have been quite unable to
obtain access to, and some few Periodicals, notably Dicker^s Mining Record, pablishinl
in Melbonme. Could we have consulted the works in question, especially the lant
namedj the value of the Catalogue would have been much increased.
The titles are entered under -the authors' names, but when a work is
anonymous usually under the name of the subject referred to. In cases where the
title of a work, or paper, does not sufficiently explain the reason for its entry, this is
done by indicating the particular reference to which attention is called within
Ivackets at the end of the title.
We have further given a number of cross-references to subjects, to enable
the reader to consult certain titles when the name of the author is unknown to him.
Our thanks are unreservedly due to a number of our friends for kindly
assistance in various ways. To Prof. A. Geikie, p.b.8., we are indebeted for continnouK
and ready access to works in the University Library, Edinburgh ; to Messrs. F. W.
Bodler, f.g^., and T. W. Newton our thanks are tendered for valuable counsel and
Mwirisnrr at the Museum of Practical Geology ; to Messrs. Wheatly (latf; of the Royal
Society) ; — Gordon (R. Soc. Rlinb.) ; W. Rupr^ Jones (Gr-ol. iiftc, I»nd.) ;
li PIJEFACR.
B. B. Woodward (Readiug Room, Brit. Mus.) ; W. Whitaker, f.g.s., &c. (Gcokgicj 1
Survey) ; R. Meade and J. B. Jordan (Mining Record Office) ; E. C. Rye (R. Geogra-
phical Soc.) ; R. Thorburn (Library, Admiralty) ; F. Waterhouse (Zool. Soc. Lond.) ;
with Dr. J. Murie and Mr. West (of the Linnean Society), our indebtedness for
assistance most cheerfully rendered is very great.
To tho liberality of tho Government of New South Wales, as represented by
the present Ministpr for Mines, and the Secretary of the Department of Mines^
Mr. Harrie Wood, the publication of the present Catalogue is in a great measure
due. The Manuscript was brought under their notice by our friends. Prof. A. Liver-
sidge, p.c.s. (of Sydney University) ; and Mr. C. S. Wilkinson, f.g.s. (Government
Geologist, New South Wales) ; to whom our thanks are equally tendered. Lastly,
much kind interest has been taken in the subject by Dr. H. Woodward, F.B.S., and
Mr. T. Davics, f.g.s., to whom we are under similar obligations.
London and Towksville,
October J 1881.
CATALOGUE.
AcfTOH (B.) Article ''Australia;'* or, New Holland. Encydop, Brit. ed. 9, vol. iii,
pp. 103-115 (4to. London, 1875).
Adams (B.) Gold in New South Wales. Mhiing Journal, 1873, xliii, p. 1150.
Gold Mining in New South Wales. Ibid. 1874, xliv, p. 833.
Coal in New South Wales. Ibid. 1875, xlv, p. 647.
Iron and Coal in New South Wales. Ibid. T875, xlv, p. 236.
Mining in New South Wales. Its sudden Rise and Depression. Ibid. 1875,
xlv, pp. 96, 207, 511, and 956.
— Mining in New South Wales. Ibid. 1875, xlv, p. 1291.
- (R. D.) Gold Mining in New South Wales. Ibid. 1879, xlix, p. 268.
Addbrsses — see Barry (Sir R.) ; Beche (Sir H. T. de la) ; Clarke (Rev. W. B.) ;
Ellery (R. L. J.) ; Hopkins (W.) ; Huxley (Prof. T. H.) ; McCoy (Prof. F.);
Murchison (Sir R. I.); Owen (Prof. R.) ; Stevens (W. J.); Tate (Prof. R.) ;
Michie (Sir A.).
"Agricola'* and Angas (G. F.) Description of the Barossa Range, and its neigh-
bourhood in South Australia. Illustrated with maps and coloured plates from
original drawings made on the spot, pp. 19 (4to. London, 1810) (Geological and
Mineralogical Notes, p. 10).
AiKSWOBTH (A. B.) On the Discovery of Gold at Woods Point, Victoria, and Description
of the Reefs in that locality. Smyth's Gold Fields and Mining Districts,
Victoria, 1869, pp. 303-312.
Plans and Sections of Hope Reefs, Morning Star Dyke, Woods Point.
Seports, Mining Surveyors and Registrars, Vidoi'ia, 30th September, 1871, No. 103,
p. 28 (fcap. Melbourne, 1871).
Special Report on the newly discovered Reefs, termed the " Aberfeldy Reefs.''
Ibid. No. 38, Juno 80th, 1871, App. A. p. 45 (fcap. Melbourne, 1871).
Aloab (F.) a Hand- Book to the Colony of Victoria (Australia), pp. 20 (8vo. London,
1869) (Gold. p. 11).
Notice of Minerals from New Holland. American Journal Science, 1840, xxxix,
pp/l57-164; Boston Journal Natural Histonj, 1840-41, iii, pp. 306-317.
Allen (C. H.) The Gold Fields of Queensland. Proc. P. Col. Institute, 1869, i,
pp. 94-110.
A Visit to Queensland and her Gold Fields, pp. 367 (8vo. London, 1870). *
1
2 CATALOGUE.
Allpoet (M.) Notice of some Fossils recently discovered near Risdon, Tasmania.
Papers and Proc, R. Soc. Tas. 1866 (August), pp. 73-75.
On a Collection of Bones from a Cave in the Glenorchy District, Tasmania.
Ihid. 1867 (Juno), pp. 17-18.
Remarks on Mr. Kreffl's "Notes on the Fauna of Tasmania." Ibid, (August),
1868, pp. 33-36.
and Stephens (T.) Geological Features of the North Coast of Tasmania. Ibid, for
1876, pp. 60-61 (1877).
Almanacs — Sands and McDougall's Annual Register and Almanac for 1864, &c.
pp. xxix and 331 (8vo. Melbourne and Sydney, 1864) (Geology of Victoria, p. 35).
Amphibia and Reptilia, Fossil— «ee Huxley (Prof. T. H.) ; Krefft (G.); McCoy (Prof. P.).
Analyses — see Boche (Sir H. T. de la) ; Clarke (Rev. W. B.) ; Kenworthy (Dr. J. R.) ;
Liversidge (Prof. A.); Newbery (J. C); Nome (J. S.); Priucep (J.); Masters (J.);
Dixon ( — ),
Angas (G. F.) Views of the Gold Regions of Australia, pp. 2, pi. 6 (folio, London, 1851).
• A List of additional Species of Marino MoUusca to be included in the Fauna
of the Province of South Australia; with Notes on their Habitats and Local
Distribution. Proc, ZooL Soc. 1878, pp. 864-871 {Livwpsis Macgillivrayij A. Ad.,
Semifossil at McDonnell Bay, p. 871).
see ''Agricola;" " Australia.'^
Anon {S. M,) Volcan dans la NouvoUe-Galles du Sud (Notasie). Bull. Soe. Ot'ogr.
Paris, 1829, xii, p. 337.
Note additionnelle sur la Colonic de la riviere dcs Cygnes. Ibid. 1829, xii, pp, 160
and 161 (Minerals mentioned).
(MackJiouse J.) The Picture of Sydney ; and Stranger's Guide in New South
Wales for 1838, &c. pp. 188, 12mo. Sydney, 1838 (Descriptions of certain Rivers
and Mountains, including Mount Wingen, or the "Burning Mountain,'* p. 150).
{D. T. A,) Notice of Strzelecki's Physical Description of New South Wales, &c.
Quart. Jour. Qeoh Soc. 1845, i, pp. 558-565; Ameincan Jour. 8e. 1846, i,
p. 278.
Mr. Hargraves on Australian Geology. Mining Journal, 1854, xxiii, p. 635.
(J. B.—W.; S. M.) Article "Australasia.*' Encyclop. Brit. 8th ed. iv, 1854,
pp. 251-269 (Phys. Geography, p. 255, et. seq.).
{W. S. J.) Remarks on the Geological Origin of Australia. Sydney Mag.
Science and Art. 1859, ii, pp. 89-93.
Recent Discoveries in South Australia, Pastural and Mineral. Mining Journal,
1861, xxxi, p. 108.
{Oold'finder). Our Colonial Gold Fields, Queenalnpd, Ibid. 1870, xl, p. 625.
CATArX)OUE. 8
Anow {A Bertdigonian) An Essay on the saving of Pine Gold, and the Undeveloped
Resources of the Bendigo District. Macarineifa Bendigo Ooldfiold Registry, 1871,
pp. 167-180.
The Moonta Mines, Australia. Mining Journal, 1873, xliii, p. 997.
Minerals of New South Wales. NaUire, 1876, xiii, p. 382.
- Geology of Australia. Coll. Guardian, 1876, xxxi, p. 144.
- The Australian Handbook, &c. for 1876, pp. xx, 400, 216 (8vo. London, 1876).
■ An Australian Gold Field. Mining Journal, 1878, xlviii, p. 871.
Aksted (Prof. T, D.) An Elementary Course of Geology, Mineralogy, and Physical
Geography (8vo. London, 1850) (New Holland, or Australia, pp. 344, 350, 421,
428).
On Recent Researches in Physical Geography and Geology. Lecture 3.
Central Africa and Central Australia. Chem. News, 1860, ii, pp. 79-81, 90-92.
Anthony (T.) On the occurrence of Copper Ore in the Wallaroo District, South
Australia. Mining Journal, 1879, xlix, p. 785.
AntimonV — ^Antimony in Queensland. Ibid. 1874, xliv, p. 1057.
The Antimony Mines in Queensland. Ihid. 1875, xlv, p. 75.
and Antimony Mines — see Couchman (T.).
Apjohn (Dr. J.) On certain Copper Ores of Australia, presented to the University
Museum by Dr. T. S. Jour. Oeol. Soc. Dublin, iv, pt. 2, p. 142.
Aplin (C. D'O. H.) Quarter Sheets 21, N. W. (Point Cook) ; 20, S. B. (Werribee
and Little Rivers) j and 20, N. E. (Wyndham), of the Geological Survey of
Victoria, under the Direction of A. R. C. Selwyn. Scale : 2 inches to 1 mile
(Melbourne, 186a).
Report of the Acting Director of the Geological Survey on the Woods Point
Gold Field, Geological Survey of Victoria, A. No. 1, pp. 5 (fcap. Melbourne, 1864).
Report on the Expenditure under Special Votes, Geological Survey of Victoria.
Report of the Director Geological Survey, Victoria, 1863-64, No. 44, pp. 15-20
(fcap. Melbourne, 1865).
Report on the Geological and Mining Features of the Gympie Gold Field,
pp. 4 (fcap. Brisbane, 1868).
— — Report of the Government Geologist of the Southern District (of Queensland),
pp. 4 (fcap. Brisbane, 1868).
Report on the Auriferous Country of the Upper Condamine, embracing the
"Diggings'' at Talgai, Thanes Creek, Canal Creek, and Lucky Valley, pp. 6
(fcap. Brisbane, 1869).
Progress Report of the Government Geologist for South Queensland, pp. 3
(fcap. Brisbane, 1869).
J *
4 CATALOGUE.
Apun (C. D'O. H.) Concluding Report of the Government Geologist for the Southern
Division ; On the Examination for Gold of the Country South of the Bunya-Bunya
Range, between the River Brisbane and the Coast, including some observations
on the Gold Deposits at Junna and Gooroomjam, pp. 7 (fcap. Brisbane, 1869).
Report on the Geological and Mineralogical Features of a part of the South
and North portions of the Burnett District, Queensland (fcap. Brisbane, 1870).
and Ulrich (G. H. F.) Report relative to the Survey of Quarter Sheets No5. 9,
N. W.; 13, S. W.; 14, S. B. ; and 15, N. E.; dated May 14th, 1863. Bejyarts
and Papers, Mining and Geological Sio-vey, Vidona, 1862-3^ No. 36, pp. 5 and 6
(fcap. Melbourne, 1863).
Quarter Sheet 15, N. E. (Guildford) ; Geological Survey of Victoria, under the
direction of A. R. C. Selwyn. Scale: 2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne, 1864).
and Taylor (N.) Quarter Sheets 6, S. B. (Salt-water River) ; 7, N. E. (Sunbury)
of the Geological Survey of Victoria, under the direction of A. R. C. Selwyn.
Scale: 2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne, n,d.).
and Ulrich (G. H. F.) Quarter Sheets 9, S. E. (Kyneton and Carlsruhe) ;
13, S. W. (Elphinstone, or Sawpit Gully); and 14, N. E. (Castlemaine), of the
Geological Survey of Victoria, under the Direction of A. R. C. Selwyn. Scale :
2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne, n.d.).
Quarter Sheets 1, N. E. (Melbourne and Templestowe) ; 1, S. E. (Melbourne) ;
1, S. W. (AViUiamstown) ; 6, N. W. (Mt. Macedon) ; 10, N. W. (Glenlyon) ; 8,
N. E. (Mt. Atkinson and Kororoit Creek), of the Geological Survey of Victoria,
under the Direction of A. R. C. Selwjrn. Scale : 2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne, n.d.).
Quarter Sheet 7, N. W. (Mt. Aitken) Geological Survey of Victoria, under the
Direction of A. R. C. Selwyn. Scale: 2 inches to 1 mile (Melboumcj n.d.)
(With a plan of the Gisborne Bone Cave, and a list of the Fossil Mammalia, found
therein, by Prof. F. McCoy).
Applkton (H.) Appleton^s Quartz Cnishing Machine — see also Selwyn (A. R. C).
Ababat Gold Field — see Krause (F. M.).
Archer (W.) On a fine pulverulent Substance, washed from the Combustible Schist
of the Mersey River, Tasmania. Proc. B. 8oc. V. D. Land, 1854, ii, pt. 3,
p. 511.
Arrowsmith (A. B.) Section of a Deep Shaft in the Hope Mine, Woods Point, Victoria.
Reports, Mining Surveyors and Registrars, Victona, for Quarter ending March 3\sf,
1875, No. 18, p. 80 (fcap. Melbourne, 1875).
(R.) Sections of Sketch plan of the Black Dog Creek, Chiltem. Ibid. No. 4, 1867
(fcap. Melbourne, 1867).
Artesian Wells — see Selwyn (A. R. C).
Asbestos — see Garrett (Rev. J.).
Assays (of Meiah)^see Leibius (Dr. A.); Liversidge (Prof. A.); Milligan (J.);
Newbery (J. C.) ; Norrie (J. S.) ; Percy (Dr. J.); Stagg (R.); Kustel (G.)j
Phillips (J. A.) ; Masters (J.) ; Dixon ( — ).
CATALOGDJI. 5
AtKlNSON (Rev. H. D.) Some Remarks on the Geology of Bruni Island* Viqfera and
Proc. R. 8oc. Tas.for 1871 (April), p. 11.
On Rock Specimens from Trial Bay, &c. Ibid, for 1872 (March), p. 2.
Austin (J. B.) The Mines of South Australia, including also an Account of the
Smelting Works in that Colony, &c. (8vo. Adelaide, 1863) (with map).
— South Australian Mines and Railways. Mining Jour. 1875, xlv, p. 1090.
The Mines and Minerals of South Australia. Ilarcus* South Australia, &c.,
1876, pp. 297-312 (8vo. London, 1876)— ^ec also Harcus (W.).
(R.) Journal of an Expedition sent by the Government to explore the Interior
of Western Australia, North and East of the Settled Districts, pp. 59 and xiii.
Maps, views, &c. (fcap. Perth, 1855).
Australia — Australia; a Popular Account of its Physical Features, Inhabitants, Natural
History and Productions, pp. 365 (8vo. London, n,d.) [Initials at eud of Preface
"G. F. A.'' (?G. F. Angas)].
Felix— see Mitchell (Major Sir T. L.) ; Wcstgarth (W.).
Interior of — see Petermann (A.) ; llawlinson (T. 6.).
Australian Desert — ^Vegetation of the Australian Desert. Jour. Soc, Ada, 1881, xxix.
No. 1490, pp. 621-22 (Extract from a Report by E. B. Sanger).
Backhouse (J.) A Narrative of a Visit to the Australian Colonies. Pp. xviii, 560,
and cxliv (8vo. London, 1843) (Fossil tree, p. 152, Geology of Norfolk Is. p. 251).
Bagot (C. H.) Copper Miniug in Great Britain, and Copper Mining in South Australia.
Mining. Jour. 1859, xxix, p. 426.
Baines (T.) Additional Notes on the North Australian Expedition vinder Mr, A. C.
Gregory. Proc. R. Geogr. Soc. 1858, ii, pp. 3-16.
On Flint flakes in the Drift, and the Manufacture of Flint Implements by
the Australians. Oeol. Nat. Hist. Repository, 1866, i, p. 258.
Baker (Honbl. E. A.) — see N. S. Wales, Mines and Mineral Statistics, 1878.
Balfour (Prof. J. H.) On certain Vegetable Organisms found in Coal from Fordel.
Trans. R, Soc. Edinb. 1857, xxi, pt. 1, pp. 187-193 (Sporangia of Tasmanite^
p. 193).
Introduction to the Study of Palaeontological Botany, pp. 109, pis. 4 (8vo. Edinb.
1872) (Australian Coniferous Fossil Trees, p. 10).
Ballaarat — Map of the Mining District of Ballaarat. Scale : half-an-inch to one mile
(Melbourne, 1859) (Quartz Beefs and Auriferous Leads shown).
Map of the Township of Ballaarat, East and West. Sheet No. 1, Ballaarat Gold
Field. Scale: 16 chains to 1 inch (Melbourne, 1861) (Quartz Reefs and AuriftrouB
Brcefs shown).
- Gold Field— i^ec Hoaales (H.) ; MuiTay (R. A. F.) ; Smith (A.).
6 CAtAUKSUt:.
Ballaabat — Plan of tlie Ballaarat Gold Field, showing the position of the Estate of the
Winters Freehold Gold Mining Company, Registered. Scale : 20 chains to
1 inch, n.d. — see also Murray (R. A. F.).
The School of Mines, Ballaarat. Annual Report. Presented at the Meeting of
Governors, held 29th Decemher, 1879, together with Statement of Receipts and
Expenditure for 1879, General Balance Sheet, and List of Suhscriptions, Donations,
&c. pp. 39 (8vo. Ballaarat, 1880)— see Lodes; Tailings; Quartz Grinder and
Amalgamator.
Babat (C.) Statistics of the Coal Mines of the World. Jour. Soc. Arts, 1863, xiii, p. 528.
Babkas (W. J.) On a Dental Peculiarity of tho Lepidosteidas. Jour. R. Soc. N. S.
Wales for 1877, xi, pp. 203-207.
and Davies (W.) List of Patoozoic Fishes. GeoL Mag. 1874, Dec. 2, i, pp. 542-553.
Babnabd (Dr.) On Fossil Fruits from the Black Lead, Gulgong, N. S. Wales. Papers
and Proc. B. Soc. Tas.for 1877 (1878), p. 97.
Babossa Range — see ''Agricola'' and Angas (G. F.).
Babbande (J.) Distribution des C<5phalopodes dans les Contrees Siluriennes (Extrait
du Syst. Silur. du Centre de la Boheme, vol. ii, 4me Serie, pi. 351 k 460), pp. 480
(Prague et Paris, 1870) (Tasmanian Species, p. 104, Ac).
Babbow (G.) State of the Colony of Swan River, 1st January, 1830. Chiefly extracted
from Captain Stirling's Report. Jour. B. Oeogr. Soc. 1832, i, pp. 1-16, with map
(Soils, pp. 5, 15, &c.).
Barby (Sir R.) Address on the Opening of the School of Mines at Ballarat, Victoria,
pp. 23 (Melbourne, 1870).
Baubb (M.) Zeolithes von Victoria in Australien. N. Jahrhu^ih, 1874, p. 522; Jour.
Chem. Soc. 1874, xii, p. 1067.
Baubbman (H.) Article ''Coal.'' Encyclop. Brit. 9th edit. 1877, vi, pp. 45-81 (Coal
of Australia, p. 59).
Bats and Rivers, Silting up of — see Hobson's Bay j Queensland Harbours and Rivers ;
Port Jackson; &c.
Bbchi (Sir H. T. de la) Anniversary Address to the Geological Society of London.
Quart. Jour. Oeol, Soc. 1848, iv, pp. cviii-cix (Fossils of the New South Wales
Coal Beds).
Correspondence relating to the Appointment of a Geological Surveyor for New
South Wales. Papers relating to Oeol. Surveys, 2nd Dec« 1851, No. 2-3, pp. 3-7
(fcap. Sydney, 1852)— see also Bristow (H. W*) j Roy (Sir C, A. Fitz-).
Analyses of Coal from Van Dieman^s Landi with Report; Proc, 22. 8oc, V. D.
Land, 1851, i, pp. 265-266.
— and Playfair (Dr. L.) Museum of Practical Geology. Thifd Report on the
Coals suited to the Steam Navy (fc^>. London, 1851)— «66 nlso Phillips (T« T.)«
CATALOdUK. 7
Beokbb (L.) On Rounded Fragments of Greenstone from near Wedge Bay^ &c. Proe,
R. 8oc. V. D. Land, 185S, ii, pt. 2, p. 308.
On the Age of the Animal and Vegetable Kingdoms of Australia^ Ac.j and
some Remarks on the Changes of this Land by Upheavals. Trans. Phil, Inst.
Vict. 1857, 1, pp. 15.18.
On Native Zinc embedded in Basalt. Ibid. 1857, i, pp. 156-158.
Binige Bemerkungen iiber das allmahliche Aufsteigen der Sudlichen Euste von
New Holland. N. Jahrhuch, 1858, pp. 294-295.
"&ber das Alter der Lebcnden Thier und Pflanzen Welt in Anstralien, Ibid.
1858, pp. 585-538.
— Some Facts Determining the Rate of the Upheaval of the South Coast of the
Australian Continent. Trans. Phil. Inst. Viet. 1859, iii, pp. 7-9 ; N. Jahrbuch,
1858, p. 294.
— Briefe aus dem sudlichen Australien. Notizblatt d. Vereins /. Erdlcunds. a.
Darmstadt, 1860 (-61), iii, pp. 68-71, 78-80.
— On the Geological Age of the Australian Fauna. Geologist, 1862, v, p. 432.
Bednall (W. T.) Australian Trigonias and their distribution. Trans. Phil. 8oc.
Adelaide, 8. A. for 1877-78, pp. 77-84.
Beilby (J. Wood) Reasons suggestive of Mining on Physical Principles for Gold and
Coal. A Review of the Assumptions of Geologists, pp. 54 (8vo. Melbourne, 1875).
Bill (Prof. T.) On the Thalassina Emerei. A Fossil Crustacean, forwarded by Mr,
W. S. Macleay from New Holland. Proc. OeoL 8oc. 1844, iv, p. 360; Quart.
Jour. Oeol. 8oc. 1845, i, pp. 93-94.
Belt (T.) Mineral Veins : An Enquiry into their Origin, founded on a Study of the
Auriferous Quartz Veins of Australia, pp. 52 (8vo. London and Newcastle-on-Tyne,
1861).
BsKfiDEN (Van) and Gervoise (P.) Osteographie des C^taces vivants et fossiles, &c.
Livraison 13 (Paris, 4to.) {Squahdon Wilkinsoni, McCoy, p. 442).
Bekket (Dr. G.) Wanderings in New South Wales, Batavia, &c. being the Journal
of a Naturalist in those countries, during the years 1832-1834 (2 vols. 8vo.
London, 1834),
» Gatherings of a Naturalist in Australasia, &c. pp. 455 (8vo. London, 1860),
plates, &c.
A Trip to Queensland in search of Fossils. Annals and Mag, Nat, Hist. 1872,
ix, p. 314.
Notes on the Ohtamydosaarus, or Frilled Lizard of Queensland {0. Kingtl,
Gray), and the discovery of a Fossil Species on the Darling i)owns> Queensland.
Pap&rs and Proc. R. Soc. Tas.for 1875 (August), pp. 56-58 (1876).
— (J. F.) An Historical and Descriptive Account of South Australia (8vo. tiondoUj
1848) (Physical Aspect and Natural Produetions^ Minerals^ p. 40) i
8 CATALOGUE.
Bkbengier (T.) La Nouvelle Nursio Histoire d'aue Colonio Benedictine dans I'Australie
Occidentale (184G-1878), pp. 385 (8vo. Paris, n.d.) (Geologic et ^Lineralogie, pp. 335).
Bbrey (A.) On the Geology of Part of the Coast of New South Wales. FieWs Oeograph.
Mem, on N. 8. Walea, ^r. 1825, 8vo. pp. 233-254 (Head as a paper before the
Philosophical Society of Australia, in 1822, and only published as above).
Bebthelot ( — ) Nouvelles Contributions a I'Histoire des Carbones, du Graphite et des
Meteorites. Ann. de Chlmie et de Physique, 1873, xxx, pp. 419-431 (Cranbournc
Meteorite, p. 420).
Beybich ( — ) Uber eine Kohlenkalk-Fauna von Timor. Abhand. d. K. Akad. d.
Wissensch. zu Berlin, 1864, xxxvi, pp. 61-98, t. 1-3 (1865).
BiGSBY (Dr. J. J.) Thesaurus Siluricus, pp. Hi and 2l4 (4to. London, 1868).
Thesaurus Devonico-Carboniferus. The Flora and Fauna of the Devonian atnd
Carboniferous Periods, &c. pp. x and 447 (4to. London, 1878).
Billings (E.) On the Parallelism of the Quebec Gi-oup, with the Llandeilo of England
and Australia, and with the Chazy and Calciferous Formations. Canadian Nat.
and GeoL 1863, viii, pp. 19-35.
BiNGEii\ Gold and Diamond Field — see Liversidge (Prof. A.) ; Young (L.).
Binney (E. W.) On Bituminous Minerals from New South Wales. Trans. GeoL Soc.
Manchester, 1871, x, p. 63.
Birds, Fossil— ^ee Clarke (Bev. W. B.) ; Krefft (G.) j Owen (Prof. B.).
BiBKMYBE ( — ) The Mineral Besources of Australia, irrespective of Gold. Mining
Journal, 1854, xxiv, p. 113.
(W.) A Tabular Record, shewing generally the date o( Discovery in Victoria and
other Countries of the most Remarkable Specimens of Native Gold (8vo. Melbourne,
1861).
On the Effects of the Recent Gold Discoveries (in Australia). Mining Journal,
1861, xxx, p. 207.
- The Yield of Gold (in Victoria). Ibid. p. 573.
BiscHOFF (J.) Sketch of the History of Van Dieman's Land, illustrated by a Map of
the Island, &c. pp. 12 and 260 (8vo. London, 1832) (Mineral productions, p. 15).
Bismuth — sec Wintle (S. H.).
Bitumen — Discovery of Bitumen in Van Dieman's Land. Mining Journal, 1854, xxiv,
p. 681.
Black Lead — Australian Black Lead. Ibid. 1864, xxxiv, p. 53.
Bland (R. H.) On the Auriferous Beefs of the Port Phillip and Colonial Gold Mining
Company, Victoria. Smgfh's Gold Fields and Mining Vistiicts, Vicloiia, 1869,
pp. 293-300.
Diagrams showing the Underlie of the Reefs at Clones. Reports, Mining Stwveyore
and Registrars, Victoria, No. 23, 1872 (fcap. Melbourne, 1872).
GATALOQUE. V
Bland (R. H.) Kcturn of Quartz crushed, and yield of Gold, and Statement of the
Mining Operations carried on at Clunes by tho Port Phillip and Cluues Companies,
for twenty years, from 1857 to 1877, &c. Couchman's Progress Report, No. 6,
Geological Survey Vidorid, 1880, pp. 67-70 (with Transverse Sections of Quartz
Reefs at Clunes).
Blakdowski (W.) Personal Observations made in an Excursion towards tho central
parts of Victoria, including Mount Macedon, Mclvor, and the Black Ranges.
Trans, Phil. Soc» Vict. 1855, pp. 50-74.
A description of Fossil Animalculae, in • Primitive Rocks, from the Upper Yarra
District, Victoria. Ibid. 1855, i, pp. 221-223 (with plate).
On the Primary Upheaval of the Land around Melbourne, and tho Recent
Origin of the Gypsum, or Sulphate of Liine, in tho Great Swamp between Bateraan^s
and Emerald Hills, Flemington, Williamstown, and Melbourne, &c. Ibid, i, 1855,
pp. 228-234 (with a plate).
Repoi't II, to tho Houbl. tho Sui'veyor-General, on a visit to Frankston, Port
Phillip Heads, &c. Ibid. 1857, i, pp. 24-37.
Report III, to tho Surveyor-General of an Excursion from King's Station to
Bass River, Phillip and French Islands. Ibid. 1856, i, pp. 50-67.
Recent Discoveries in Natural History on the Lower Murray. Trans, Phil. Inst.
Vict. 1858, ii, pp. 124-137 (Geological Notes, p. 129).
On Extensive Infusorial Deposits in the Mallee Scrub, near Swan Hill, on tho
Lower Murray River in Victoria; and on the presence of FucoidaB in Silurian
Rocks near Melbourne. Ibid. 1856, ii, pp. 141-146 (plates).
Uber die Geographischo Verbreitung dcr Vogel und Saugethierc Australiensv
Jahrb. der Akad. Naiurwissensch. Vereins zic Breslau. 1860, pp. 60-61.
Eine kurze Ubersichte der Wichtigsten zur Erforschung Australiens unternom-
menen Reisen. Ibid. 1860, pp. 61-62.
Blakfobd (H. F.) On the Age and Correlations of the Plant-bearing Series of India,
and the former existence of an Indo-Oceanio Continent. Quart. Jour. Geol. 8oc.
1875, xxxi, pp. 519-542 (map).
Blbasdalb (Rev. Dr. J. J.) On Chlorine as a solvent for Gold. Trans. JB. Soc, Vict.
1865, vi, pp. 47-52.
— A Report on the Results of an Exhibition of Jems, both Victorian and Foreign,
&c., held in the Hall of the Royal Society of Victoria during the week ending
6th of May, 1865. Ibid. 1866, vii, pp. 64-92.
Jems and Saphires. Ibid. 1866, vii, pp. 147-149.
On Rubellite, Red Tourmaline^ found at Tari'augower, Victoria, 1867* Ibid,
1868, viii, pp. 225-227.
- On Colonial Gems. Ibid. 1869, ix, pp. 72-75a
lO CATALOG tE.
BiiEASDALE (Rev. Dr. J. J.) Victorian Gems and Precious Stones. Victorian Official
Catalogue of Exhibits, Philadelphia Oenten. Exhib. 1876, pp. 71-75 — see also
Exhibitions, International, 1876 (Philadelphia).
Bone Caves — An Account of the discovery of Bone Caves in Wellington Valley,
atout 210 miles West of Sydney. Edinb. N, Phil, Jour. 1831, xxiv, p. 364.
Bones, Fossil — Discovery of Fossil Bones in Australia. ChceVs Edinb, Jour. Nat. and
Oeograph. Science, 1831, iii, p. 127 — see also Buckland (Prof.) ; Clarke (Rev. W. B.)-
On the Fossil Bones found on the River Condamine. The N. 8. Wales Mag. 1843
(March), pp. 99-103; The 8. Australian Register, 1843, vi, No. 285.
On Fossil Bones brought by Mr. Turner from Darling Downs. The Sydney
Oleaner, 1848, i, p. 257.
see Buckland (Prof.) ; Clarke (Rev. W. B.) ; Hobson (Dr. E. C.) -, Hochstettcr
(Dr. F. von); Jameson (Prof.); Kreflfb (G.) ; Macleay (W. S.) ; McBain (Dr. J.);
Mitchell (Sir T. L.) ; Nicholson (C.) ; Pentland (W.).
BoNWTCK (J.) Geography of Australia and New Zealand, pp. 212 (12mo. Melbourne,
1855) (Geology of N. S. Wales, p. 30; N. Australia, p. 51 ; W. Australia, p. 03;
S. Australia, p. 83; Victoria, p. 131 ; Tasmania, p. 163; Origin of GtolA, p. 142).
A Sketch of Boroondara, pp. 39 (12mo. Melbourne, 1858) (Geology of Boroon-
dara, p. 33).
Western Victoria ; its Geography, Geology, and Social Condition. The Narrative
of an Educational Tour in 1857, pp. 157 (12mo. Geelong [1858?]).
Geological Notes and Description of Minerals accompanying Boxes of Specimens
from the Rocks of South Australia, Tasmania, and Victoria, pp. 16 (8vo. London,
1861).
— — On the Extinct Volcanoes of Australia, Brit. Assoc, Report for 1861, pt. 2, p. 109
(1862) ; Geologist, 1861, iv, p. 543.
The Volcanic Rocks of Rome and Victoria compared. Trans. It. Soc. Vict. 1866,
vii, pp. 149-165.
— Daily Life and Origin of the Tasmanians, pp. 304 (8vo. London, 1870) (A Sketch
of the Geology of Tasmania, p. 267).
— The Peak Down Copper Mine, Australia. Mining Jour. 1874, xliv, p. 191 .
The Mineral Resources of Australia. Iron, iii and iv, pp. 67, 98, 101, 163, 227,
258, 291, 421, 514, and 546 (foUo, London, 1874).
Tasmanian Tin. MirUng Jour. 1874, xliv, p. 831 •
— Mineral Resources of Australia. Coal localities in New South Wales. Iron,
1875, V, p. 226.
— Mineral Resources of Australia. Notes on Australian Coal. Ibid. 1875, v, p. 387.
The Victorian Iron Mine. Ibid. 1876, vii, pp. 546.
Collins' School Series. Geography of Victoria, pp. 86. (l2mo« London and
Glasgow, 1877) (Geology, p. 10).
CATALOGUE. 11
BoNWiCK (J.) The Resources of Queensland, With Map of Queensland containing the
Recent DiBCOveries, pp. 126 (8vo. London, 1880) (Geology, pp. 14-20).
Boos (C. da) Report on the Gold Fields of the Southern District, N. S. Wales. Ann.
Report, Dept. of Mines, N. 8. Wales, for 1877, pp. 89-97 ; Ilid. for 1879, pp. 107-1 15.
Booth (J. C.) Homes away from Home, and the Men who make them in Victoria, pp.
39 (8vo. London, 1869) (Geology and Soils, pp. 28-36).
BoRiKO Operations — see Selwyn (A. R. C).
BouB (A.) Memoire & Pappui d'une Essai de Carte geologiquo du globe terrestre,
pr^sente, le 22 Septembre, 1 843, a la reunion des Naturalistes d'AUemagne ill Gratz.
Bull. 8oc. Geol. de France, 1844, i, pp. 296-371.
Boulders — see Wilkinson (C* S.).
Boundary Line of the 141st Degree of East Longt. — see Tycrs (C. J.).
Bourne (C.) Australian Exploration. Journal of Landsborough's Expedition in Seai'ch
of Burke and Wills, pp. 52 (8vo. Melbourne, 1863).
BowEN (Sir G.) On the Gold Fields in Queensland, Proe. R, Geogr. Soc, 1864, viii,
p. 156.
• River Coal Field — see Daintree (R.) ; Jack (R. L.),
BowsRBANK (Dr. J. S.) A Monograph of the Siliceo-fibrous Sponges. Proc. ZooL Soc.
1869, pp. 323-325 {Purisiphonia Cdarkei, Bow.).
Brache (J.) Explanatory Report on the Rules and Bye-laws of the Mining Institute
of Victoria. Trans. Mining List. Vict. 1859, i, pt. 3, pp. 1-23.
Das Minenwesen und die Socialen Gustande an der Goldfeldern Victoria's.
Deutsche Monatschrift fur Austr. 1859, heft. 2, pp. 73-76,
— Report on the State of the Mines of Victoria, as compared with that of other
Mining Countries. Trails. Mining Inst. Vict. 1859, i, pt. 3, pp. 24-99.
Mining Survey Branch, Victoria. Report on Progress of Survey from 26th July
to 3l8t December, 1862. Reports and Papers, Mining and Geol. Survey, Victoi-ia,
1862.68, No. 36, pp. 9^10 (fcap. Melbourne, 1863).
Report forwarded in Evidence to the Royal Mining Commission by the Director
of Mining and Geological Surveys, with Appendices. Ibid. 1862-63, pp. 27-46
(fcap. Melbourne, 1868).
— Report on Gold and Tin Mining at Eldorado, Victoria (8vo. Melbourne, 1872).
Brachiopoda— 0M Buch (L. von) ; Davidson (T.) \ Etheridge (R., jon.) ; De Koninck
(Prof. L. G.) ; Woods (Rev. J. E. T.).
BfiAm (T. H.) A History of New South Wales, from its Settlement to the close of the
year 1844, 2 vols. (8vo. London, 1846) (Geological Notes, vol. i, p. 225).
BfiBtoit (Liettt.) Excursions in New South Wales, Western Australia and Van Dieman^s
Land, during the years 1830, 1831, 1832, and 1833, pp. xii and 4>76 (8vo. London^
1833) (Sosaltio Columns, p. 110).
12 CATALOOtTE.
Brisbane (His Excellency Sir T. M.) Observations on the Temperature of the Earth at
Paramatta, New South Wales. Edinb. N. Phil. Jour. 1824, x, pp. 219-222.
Observations on the Mean Temperature of the Earth at Sydney, made lu the
years 1824-1825. Edinb. Jour. 8c. 1827, vi, pp. 226-228.
An account of an Earthquake in New South Wales. Hid. 1829, No. 2, p. 373.
Biver — Eeport from the Select Committee on the Dredging Operations at the
River Bar, together with the Proceedings of the Committee and Minutes of
Evidence, pp. 15 (fcap. Brisbane, 1863).
BiusTOW (H. W.) Correspondence relating to appointment of, as Geological Surveyor
of New South Wales. Papers relating to Ocol. Surveys, 2nd Dec. 1851, No. 3, pp.
5-7 (fcap. Sydney, 1852)— see also Beche (Sir H. T. de la).
BiiONGNiAUT (A.) Prodrome d'une Histoirc des Vcgetaux Fossiles, pp. 223 (8vo. Paris,
1828).
Histoire des Vegetaux Fossiles, 2 vols. (4to. Paris, 1828) {Glossojpterisy i, p. 222).
Brown (H. Y. L.) Report on a Geological Exploration to the N. E. of Champion Bay,
West Australia, &c. pp. 13 (fcap. map, Perth, 1871) (Contains also Geological
and Mining Report on the Champion Bay Mining District, West Australia, pp.
7-11; and Further Report on the Tallering District, pp. 11-13). Perth Inquirer
and Com. News, April 12th, 1871.
General Report on a Geological Exploration of that Portion of the Colony of
West Australia, lyitig Southward of the Murchison River, and Westward of Esper-
ance Bay, pp. 20 (fcap. Perth, 1873).
Report on the Koetong Tin Fields, Wodonga District. Beports, Mining Surveyors
and Registrars, 30th June, 1873, App. A, p. 42 (fcap. Melbourne, 1873) ; Mining
Journal, 1873, xliii, p. 1220.
Browne (T. A.) Report on the Mudgee Mining District. Mines and Mineral Statistics,
N. S. Wales, for 1874, pp. 46-47; Ibid, for 1877, pp. 70-74.
State and Prospects of Mining Operations in the Mudgee District, Gulgong
Division, N. S. Wales. Ann. Report, Bept. of Mines, N. 8. Wales, for 1879, pp.
78-83.
Bruce (J. A.) The Copper Ores of South Australia. Mining Journal, 1861, xxxi, p. 333.
BucH (L. von) Einige Bemerknngen iiber die geognostische Constitution von Van
Dieman's Land. Mag. der OeseUsch. Naturforsch. Freunde zu Berlin, 1814, vi,
pp. 234-240.
— Quelques considerations sur le Jura allemande. Bull. Soc. Oeol. de France, 1838,
ix, pp. 19-20 (Australian Coral Beefs, p. 20).
• Bear Island, geognostically described from the Observations of B. M. Keilhau.
With Remarks on the Spirife^' Keilhavii, and its relations to similar forms. Quart.
Jour. Geol. Soc. 1847, iii, pt. 2, pp. 48-50 {Sp. Tasnianni, Morris, p. 56}»
CATALOaUB. IS
BucH (L. von) Ueber Spirifer Keilhavii, tiber diesem Fundort und Verhaltnisse zu
ahnllchen Formen. Abh. d. h. Akad. d. Wissen. zu Berlin^ aus den Jahr. 1846
(pub. 1848), p. 65 (plate).
Buchanan ( — ) Eeport on the Peel, Uralla, New England, and Clarence Mining District.
Mines and Minei^al SiaiisticSy N. 8. Wales, for 1874, p. 48.
Eeport on the Peel and Uralla Mining District. Ann, Report, Bept. of Mines,
N. 8. Wales, for 1877, pp. 100-106.
BucHNEB (Dr. 0.) Die Meteoriten in Sainmlungon, ihre geschichte, mineralogische und
chemische beschaffenheilt, pp. 202 (Leipzig, 1863) (Cranboumo Meteorite, p. 198).
BucKLAND (Rev. Prof.) Observations on some Specimens from the Interior of New South
Wales,' collected during Mr. Oxley's Expedition to the River Macquarie, in the
year 1818, &c. Trans. Ocol Soc. 1821, v, pt. 2, pp. 480-481.
Sur les Osscmens decouvortcs a la Nouvelle HoUande. Bull, Soc, Gt'oh
de France, 1830, i, p. 227.
BuBDEKiN River — see Queensland Government Schooner " Spitfire " — Report ; and
Dalrymple (G. E.).
Bdbnrtt ( — ) Descriptive comparison of the Coal Fields of New South Wales, from
a New Zealand point of View. N. Zealand Exhib. 1865, Deports and Awards of
the Jurors, pp. 10-16 (8vo. Dunedin, 1866).
BuBB (T.) The Physical Geography of the Interior of Australia. Tlie 8, An sir.
Register, 1843, vi. No. 260.
Account of Gov. Grey's Exploratory Journey along the South-east Seaboard
of South Australia. Jour. R. Oeogr. 8oc. 1845, xv, pp. 160-184.
Remarks on the Geology and Mineralogy of South Australia, pp, 82 (l2mo.
Adelaide, 1846).
Report on Two Sections traversing the Colony of South Australia, one in the
atitude of Mount Remarkable 32^ 44' S., the other, that of the Burra Mines 33^
41' ; communicated to the Colonial Office, 1847.
On the Geology of part of South Australia between Adelaide and the River
Murray. Quart. Jour. OeoL 8oc. 1860, xvi, p. 252 (abstract) ; Phil. Mag, 4th ser.
xix, p. 76; Geologist, iii, p. 31.
BuBBUM Coal Mines, Queensland — see Gregory (A. C).
Busk (Prof. G.) Notes on Fossil Polyzoa, from the Polyzoal Limestone of Mount
Gambier, South Australia. Qicart. Jour. OeoL 8oc. 1860, xvi, p. 260.
Description of New Polyzoa, collected by J. Y. Johnson, at Madeira, in the years
1859-60. Quart. Jour, Micro. Science, 1861, n. ser. i, pp. 77-80 {Genns PsilescJiara).
Btbne (J. C.) Twelve Years' Wanderings in the British Colonies, from 1835 to 1847
(2 vols. 8vo. London, 1848) (Australia Felix; Soil, Minerals, i, p. 307-313 —
Tasmania; Minerals, ii, p. 38 — S. Australia; Mining and Mineral Wealth, ii,
pp. 182-215).
14 CATAIOQXJE.
Cabell (J. A.) Analysig of Ataoamite from Australia, Chem. News, xxviiij p. 271 ;
Jour, Chem. Soc, 1874, xii, p, 345.
Cadell (F.) Kxploralion of Northern Tetritory [of South Australia], with copy of
Journal kept during tho Exploration of tho North-west Portion of the Liverpool
District, pp. iii and iv (fcap. [? Adelaide], 1868).
Calvert (J.) Mineralogy of Australia. Mining Jour. 1853, xxiii, p. 580.
The Gold Rocks of Great Britain and Ireland, and a general outline of tho Gold
Regions of the World, with a Treatise of the Geology of Gold, pp. xx and 324
(8vo. London, 1853).
Australian Quartz Veins. Mining Jour. 1854, xxiv, pp. 741, 773, 798.
On the Supply of Gold from Australia and from English Rocks. Brit, Assnc.
Report for 1854, pt. 2, p. 133 (title only).
Caldbb (J. E.) The Woodlands, <fec. of Tasmania. Proc. B. CuL Institute, 1873-74,
V, pp. 160-179.
Cameron (H. G.) Report upon the Strata of Coal at Westernport (Victoria). The
Sonthsrn Australian, 1841, iv. No. 109, p. 5.
(W.) On tho Auriferous Rocks and Drifts of Victoria. Trans. OcoL 8oc.
Glasgow, 1867, ii, p. 117.
On tho Sutherlandshiro Gold Fields (Scotland), Ibid. 1871, iv, pt. 1, pp. 1-17
(References to Australian Gold Fields).
Campbell (Major) Geographical Memoir on Melville Island, and Port Essington,
N. Australia. Jour. B. Geogr. Soc. 1834, iv, p. 129.
(J. A.) On the Auriferous Quartz Formation of Australia. Brit. Assoc. Beport
for 1855, pt. 2, p. 81 (1856).
(W.) The Discovery of Gold in Victoria. Report of the Select Committee of the
Legislative Council on tho Claims for tho Discovery of Gold in Victoria, togethoi
with Extracts from the Proceedings of Committee and Minutes of Evidence.
To which a few Observations are prefixed, by William Campbelli tho Original
Discoverer, pp. 49 (8vo. Edinburgh, 1856).
Cape Otway District — see Krause (F. M.) ; Murray (R. A. F.) ; Wilkinson (C. S.) and
Smyth (R. B.).
Patterson Coal Field — Progress Report of the Select Committee on 'the Cape
Patterson Coal Fields, with Appendices. Presented to both Houses of Parliament
by His Excellency's command (fcap. Melbourne, 1864-65)— see also Cowan (T.);
Morris (H. B.); Hotson (J.) ; Selwyn (A. R. C); Murray (R. A, F.).
Capper (H.) Capper's South [Australia, containing tho History of the Rise, Progress,
and Present State of the Colony, &c. 3rd ed. pp. iv and 243 (8vo. Liverpool, 1839)
(Fossil and Mineral SubstanceS| p. 51).
The Australian Colonies : where they are, and how to get to them, pp. 59
I (London, 1855) (Minerals, pp. 8, 21, 26).
CATALOaUB. 16
Carpentakia {GuK ot)see Norman (Comtnr. W. H.).
Carpenter (T.) The Colouy of Victoria, Australia ; its Metallic Wealth. Mining Jour,
1869, xxxix, p. 31.
Cabruthkrs (W.) On an nndeseribed Cone from the Carboniferous Beds of Airdrie,
Lanarkshire, Oeol. Mcuj, 1805, ii, pp. 433-4i0 {Taemanite, p. 439).
Notes on Fossil Plants from Queensland. Quart. Jour. GeoL Soc. 1872, xxviii,
pp. 350.356, pis. 16 and 17.
Carter (H. J.) Emondatory Description of Purlslphonia Glarhei. Bk. a Hexactinellid
Fossil Sponge from N. W. Australia. Annah Nat. Rist. 1878, i, pp. 376-379 ; N.
Jahrhuch, 1879, p. 1001.
Casilemaine — Map of the Mining District of Castlemaine, except the St. Andrew's
Division. -Scale: half-an-inch to 1 mile (Melbourne, 1800) (Quartz Reefs and
Auriferous Leads shown).
Map of the Mining District of Ciastlemaino, Sheet No. 1. Scale : 16 chains to 1
inch (Melbourne, 1861) (Quartz Reefs and Auriferous Leads shown).
Catalogues — Catalogue of the Natural and Industrial Products of New South Wales,
Exhibited in the Australian Museum by the Paris Exhibition Commissioners,
Sydney, November, 1854, pp. 88 (4 to. Sydney, 1854) — see also Clarke, Keene,
Odernheimer, &c.
Catalogue of Minerals and Rocks. London International ExUihition, 1862 ;
Cat, Nat. and Industrial Products of N. S. TTa/e.v, pp. 51-58 (8vo. London, 1862).
A Supplementary Catalogue of Minerals, Rocks, and Fossils which have been
collected by the Mining Department, Melbourne, Victoria, pp. 50 (8vo. Melbourne,
1869).
see Clarke (Rev. W. B.) ; Etheridge (R., jun.) ; Lonsdale (W.) ; McCoy (Prof. F.) ;
Owen (Prof. R.) ; Smyth (R. B.) ; Sommer (Dr. F. von) ; Ulrich (G. H. F.).
Caverns, Ossiferous — see Buckland (Prof.) ; Jameson (Prof.) ; Krefil (Q.) ; Lang (Dr.) ;
Lindsay (Col.) ; Mitchell (Sir T. L.).
Caves — Sandstone Pillars and Caves of Australia. Edinh. N. Phil. Jour. 1844,
xxxvi, p. 381.
Chapman (H. S.) The Industrial Progress of Victoria as connected with its Gold
Mining. Jour. Stat. Soc. 1863, xxvi, pp. 424-442.
Charters (W. S. C. M.) Report on the Cape River Gold Fields for the year 1867,
pp. 2 (fcap. Brisbane, 1868).
Christie (W.) The Forest Vegetation of Central and Northern New England, in
connection with Geological Influences. Jour. B. Soc. N. S. Wales for 1877, xi,
pp. 21-39 (1878).
Christoe (J. P.) Description of the New South Wales Copper Mines. Oat. Nat. and
■Industrial Products^ N. 8. Wales^ Infemat. Exhibit. 1861, pp. 96-100; London
Edit. 1862, pp. 45-47— see Exhibitions, International, 1861 (N. S. Wales).
16 CATALOaUK,
Church (Prof. A. H.) Notes on the Minerals Dysodile and Albertite. Chem. News,
1862, vi, pp. 122-123,
On Tasmanite, a new Mineral of Organic Origin. PhiL Mag. 1864, xxviii, pp.
465.470 ; Geol Mag. 1865, li, p. 237.
Note on the Zircons of Mudgee, New South Wales. Ohsm. News, 1871, xxiii.
p. 78.
Clarke (C. J.) Report on the Calliope and Boyne Gold Fields, Queensland, pp. 2 (foap.
Brisbane, 1866).
Report on the Calliope and Boyne River Gold Fields for the year ending
Dec. 31st, 18G6, pp. 2 (fcap. Brisbane, 1867).
(Rev. W. B.) On Carboniferous Plants in Tasmania. Ta^?. Jour. Nat. Sciencr,
i, p. 242.
On the occurrence of Atmospheric Deposits of Dust and Ashes, with remarks on
the Drift Pumice of the Coasts of New Holland. Ibid, i, pp. 321-342.
On a Fossil Pine Forest at Kurrur-Kurrdn, in the inlet of Awaaba, East Coast of
Australia. Proc. Oeol. 8oc. 1843, iv, p. 161 ; The Sydney Weehly Begisier, 1845, v.
No. 107, pp. 68-69.
On Dykes of Marble and Quartz, &c. on the Upper Wollondilly, Argyle County,
New South Wales. Proc, Geol, Soc. 1845, iv, p. 524; Quart. Jour. Geol.Soc, 1845,
i, p. 342; Edinh. New PhiL Jour. 1845, xl, p. 201 ; Tasmanian Jour. Nat. Si'L iii.
No. 1, pp. 51-54.
A comparison of the Geological Phenomena of the Ural Mountains with those
of Australia. Sydney Moniing Herald, Sept. 28th, 1847.
Genera, and Distribution of Plants in the Carboniferous Rocks of New South
Wales. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. 1848, iv, pp. 60-63.
On the occurrence of Trilobites in New South Wales, and the Age of the Beds
containing them. Ibid, 1848, iv, pp. 63-66.
— Remarks on the Identity of the Epoch of the Coal Beds and Palreozoic Rocks of
New South Wales. Annals Nat. Hist. 1?48, 2nd ser. ii, pp. 206-210.
— Article on Mining, containing a Prognostication of the Discovery of Tin in New
South Wales. Sydney Morning Herald, 16th April, 1849.
— On the occurrence of Trilobites in the Palaeozoic Rocks of New South Wales.
Tasmanian Jour. Nat. Sc. iii, p. 1.
— On the Carboniferous Formation of New South Wales. Ibid. 1849, iii, p. 459.
— Plain Statements and Practical Hints respecting the Discovery and Working of
Gold in Australia (8vo. Sydney, 1851).
On Australian Gold. Sydney Morning Herald, May 20th, 1851.
■
— On the Discovery of Gold in Australia. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. 1852, viii, pp.
131-134; Mining Jour. 1852, xxii, p. 81.
CATAIiOOOT. 17
Clabkb (Rev. W. B.) Correspondenoe relative to the Recent Discoveries of Gold in
Australia. Parliamentary Bhie Book, Feb. 8rd, 1852, p. 5 (A Letter extracted from
the Sydney Morning Herald, of May 29th, 1851).
Parallel between the Gold-bearing Rocks of the Ural and those of Australia.
Sydney Morning Herald, May 24th, 1853.
Report on the Geology of the Neighbourhood of the Shoalhaven River and
Araluen (Reports i and ii, dated Bungonia, 20th Sept. 1851, and Mt. Elrington,
lOth Oct. 1851, respectively). Papers relative to Oeol, Surveys, N.8, Wales, 2nd
Dec. 1851, Nos. 54-56, pp. 81-88 (fcap. Sydney, 1852) ; Pari. Blue Book, Feb. 28th,
1853, pp. 22.24 (fcap. London, 1853).
Report on the Geology of the Gourock Range, the Carwang Country, and the
Southern Division of the County of Murray (Reports iii and iv, dated Jineroo,
21st Oct. 1851). Papers relative to Geol, Surveys, N, 8. Wales, 2nd Dec. 1851,
No. 57, pp. 88-93 (fcap. Sydney, 1852); Pari. Blue Book, Feb. 28th, 1853, pp. 27
and 32 (fcap. London, 1853).
On an Examination of the Country between Jineroo and Bullanamang; Report
dated Camp, at Bullanamang, 10th Nov. 1851 ; with other minor Reports. Papers
relative to Oeol. Surveys, 2nAI)ec. 1851, Nos. 58-60, pp. 93-95 (fcap. Sydney, 1852).
On the Chemical Analysis of Quartz from the Merriwa and Lake George Ranges
(Report v). Pari. Blue Book, Feb. 28fch, 1853, p. 33.
On the Geology of the left bank of the Upper Murrumbidgee (Report vi). Ibid.
Feb. 28th, 1853, p. 33.
On the Gold Localities S. W. of Cooma, and the Geology of the Counties of
Beresford and Wallace (Report vii). Papers relative to Oeol. Swi^veys, N. S. Wales,
1852, No. 1, pp. 1-5 (fcap. Sydney, 1852); Pari. Blue Book, Feb. 28th, 1853, p. 33
(fcap. London, 1853).
On the occurrence of Gold on Bobundara Creek, &c. (Report viii). Papers relative
to Geol. Surveys, N. 8. Wales, 1852, No. 2, pp. 5-6 (fcap. Sydney, 1852) ; Pari.
Blue Book, Feb. 28th, 1853, p. 37 (fcap. London, 1853).
— On Gold Localities at the sources of the Umaralla and other Rivers (Report ix).
Papers relative to Geol. Surveys, N. 8. Wales, 1852, No. 3, pp. 6-10 (fcap. Sydney,
1852) ; Pari Blue Book, Feb. 28th, 1853, p. 38 (fcap. London, 1853).
— On the Metalliferous Rocks of Merinoo (Report x). Papers relative to Oeol.
Surveys, N. S.Wales, 1852, No. 4; pp. 10-11 (fcap. Sydney, 1852) ; Pari. Blue Book,
Feb. 28th, 1853, pp. 41 and 65 (fcap. London, 1853).
— On the Geology of the south-east parts of the County of Wellesley, with remarks
on Maneero generally; Ac. (Reports xi and xii). Papers relative to Oeol, Surveys,
N. 8. Wales, 1852, Nos. 5 and 6, pp. 12-19 (fcap. Sydney, 1852); Pari. Blue Book,
Feb. 28th, 1853, p. 66 (fcap. London, 1853).
— On the Auriferous Character of the Country along the Bendoc and Deleget Rivers
(Report xiii). Papers relative to Oeol. Surveys, JV. 8. Wales, 1852, No. 7, pp. 20-25
(fcap. Sydney, 1852) ; Pari Blue Book, Feb. 28th, 1853, p. 72 (fcap. London, 1853).
18 CATAUMUE.
CiiARKB (Bev. W. B.) On the occurrence of €k>ld in the County of Dampier^ N; S. Wales
(Report xiv). Papers relative to QeoL Surveys, N. 8. Wales, 1852, No. 8, p. 26
(fcap. Sydney, 1852) ; Pad. Blue Book, Feb. 28th, 1858, p. 76 (fcap. London, 1853).
On the occurrence of Gold in Granite and Quartz on both Flanks of the Alps,.
between the Tumut and the Snowy Rivers (Report xv). Papers relattvp to OeoL
Surveys, N. 8. Wales, 1852, No. 11, p. 33 (fcap. Sydney, 1862) ; Pari. Blue Booh,
J'eb. 28th, 1853, p. 77 (fcap. London, 1853).
On the existence of Gold along the Rivers and Greeks flowing from the Mnniong
Range, &c. (Report xvi). Papers relative to OeoL Surveys, N. 8, Wales, 15th
June, No. 1, pp. 1-3 (fcap. Sydney, 1852) ; Pari. Blue Booh, Feb. 28th, 1853, p. 81
(fcap. Loudon, 1853).
On the Metalliferous Prospects of the County of Murray, and on the vicinity of
Lake George (Report xvii). Papers relative to OeoL Survey s^ N. 8, Wales, 15th
June, No. 2, pp. 8-6 (fcap. Sydney, 1852) ; ParL Blue Book, Feb. 28th, 1853> p. 83
(fcap. London, 1853). .
On the existence of Gold at Shelley's Flat (Report xviii). Papers relative to OeoL
Surveys, N. 8. Wales, 15th June, No. 3, p. 7 (fcap. Sydney, 1852); ParL Blue
Book, Feb. 28th, 1853, p. 86 (fcap. London, 1853).
On the Geological Formation of the Country between the Maneero Highlands and
the Sea Coast of the County of Auckland (Supp. Report xii). Ibid. Aug, 16th,
1853,. p. 7 (with map).
On the General Geological Structure of the Country between Marulan and the
Peel River (Report i). Ibid. Aug. 16th, 1853, p. 26.
On the Geological Character and probable extent of the '' flanging Rock
Diggings,'* &c. (Report ii). Ibid. Aug. 16th, 1853, p. 30.
On the dispersion of Gold in Australia (Report iii). Ibid. Aug. 16th, 1853, p. 35.
On the occurrence of Alluvial Lead Ore (Report iv). Ibid, Aug. 16th, 1853, p. 39.
On the General Prospects and Physical Conditions of the '' Hanging Rock" and
Peel River Gold Fields (Report v). Ibid. Aug. 16th, 1853, p. 40.
On the Geology of the Clarence River District, Ac. (Report ix, dated Coolam-
barra, June 24th, 1853). Papers relative to OeoL Surveys, N. 8. Wales, Sept. 18th,
pp. 13 (fcap. Sydney, 1853); ParL Blue Book, Dec. 1854, pp. 3-13 (fcap.
London, 1854).
On the Geology of the Basin ot the Condamine River (Report x, dated St.
Leonards, Oct. 14th, 1853), with maps and appendices. Papers relating to OeoL
Surveys, N. 8. Wales, 21st Dec. pp. 1-11 (fcap. Sydney, 1853); ParL Blue Book,
Dec. 1854, pp. 29-38.
Remarks on the Bones brought to Sydney by Mr. Turner, published in the
Sydney Morning Herald, Nov. 30th, 1847. Papers relaiive to OeoL Surveys, N. 8
Wales,'Deo. 21st, App. to Report x, pp. 11-13 (fcap. Sydney, 1853); ParL Bit
Book, Dec. 1854, pp. 38-39 (Appendix I to Report x) (fcap. London, 1854). .
OAtALOGttl!. W
CiiABKE (Rev. W. B.) Letter to the Honbl. The Colonial Secretary, on the subject of
Correspondence between Sir R. I. Murchison and the Colonial Minister, relative
to anticipations of the Discovery of Gold in Australia. N. S. Wales, Discovery of
Gold in Australia (Sir R. Murohison's claim), pp. 1-3 (fcap. Sydney, 1854). - -
On the Geologfical Structure and Auriferous Condition of the Country along the-
Upper Waters of the Namoi and Apsley Rivers (Report vi). Pari. Blue BooJc,
Feb. 1854, p. 24.
— On the Geological Structure and Auriferous Condition of the Country between
the Heads of the Macleay and Gwydir Rivers (Report vii). Ibid, Feb, 1854, p. 30,
— On the Geological Structure of the Western Slopes of the Highlands of New
England, &c. (Report viii). Ibid, Feb. 1834, p. 42.
— Catalogue of Geological Specimens illustrating the Succession of the Rock
Formations in New South Wales. Cat. Nat, and Indust, Products, N. S. Wales,
i854, pp. 41-51 (4to. Sydney, 1854).
— The Gold Fields of New South Wales. Ibid. 1854, pp. 60-62 (4to. Sydney, 1854).
On the Coal Fields of New South Wales. Ibid. 1854, pp. 68-70 (4to. Sydney, .
1854).
— On the Gold Fields of New South Wales. British Oat. Exposition Universelle,.
Paris, 1855, pp. 103408 (large 8vo. London, 1855).
-On the Coal Fields of New South Wales. Ibid. 185b, pp. 108-109 (large 8vo.
London, 1855).
— Catalogue of a Collection containing several hundred specimens illustrative of*
the Mineralogy and Geology of New South Wales, &c. Ibid. 1855, pp. 09*103
(large 8vo. London, 1855).
— Discovery of Gold in Australia. On the Subject of Correspondence between
Sir R. I. Murchison and the Colonial Minister, relative to the anticipation of
the Discovery of Gold in Australia, pp. 6 (fcap. Sydney, 1854). Pari. Blue Book,
Dec. 1854, pp. 21-23 (fcap- London, 1855).
— Report on the Gold Field at Fingal, Tasmania. Ibid. Aug. 25th, 1855, p. 82.
— Reports on the Analysis of Auriferous Quart:^, from Fingal, Tasmania. Ibid.
Aug. 25th, 1855, pp. 87 and 99. - .
— On the occurrence of Obsidian Bombs in the Auriferous Alluvia of New South
Wales. Ibid. 1855, xi, pp. 403-404.
— On the occurrence of Fossil Bones in. the Auriferous Alluvia of New South Wales.
Qua/rt. Jour. Oeol. Soc. 1855, xi, pp. 405-408.
— Notes on the Geology of New South Wales. Ibid. 1855, xi, p. 408 (abstract).
Additional Notice of the occurrence of Volcanic Bombs in Australasia. Ibid.
1857, xiii, p. 188 ; Phil. Ma^. 1857, xiii, p. 147,
2 *
20 CATAIiOQUS.
CLARKi! (Rev. W. B.) Notes on some Geological Specimens collected by Charles
Grant Robertson^ Esq., of Dantroon^ near Queenbeyan, N. S. Wales. Sydney Mag.
Science and Art, 1858, i, pp. 135 and 136.
On the Ores of Mercury. Ihid. 1859, ii, pp. 157-101, 170-173.
Researches in the Southern Grold Fields of New South Wales, pp. vii and 305
(12mo. Sydney, 1860) (with map of Gold Localities in the Basins of the Snowy
River and the Murrumbidgee, 1851-2, chiefly discovered by the Rev. W. B. Clarke.
Scale: about 10 miles to 1 inch) — see aho Miller (P. B.) ; Smith (J.).
The claims of the Rev. W. B. Clarke, m.a., f.g.s. (8vo. Sydney, 1860).
Recent Geological Discoveries in Australasia. Second Edition, with Notes and
Addenda, pp. 34 (8vo. Sydney, 1801).
-a A Review of Recent Geological Observations in Australia. Second Edition (8vo.
Sydney, 1861).
— — On the Relative Position of Certain Plants in the Coal-bearing Beds of Australia.
Quart. Jour. Oeol Soc. 1861, xvii, pp. 354-362 ; Geologist, 1861, iv, p. 209 ; Phil.
Mag. 1861, 4th ser. xxi, p. 537.
Sur la Formation CarbonifSre de I'Australie. Bull. Soe. Oeol. France, 1861,
ser. 2, xviii, pp. 669-673.
A Communication on Prof. McCoy's New Tceniopteris, from the Coal-bearing
Rocks of the Cape Patterson District in particular, and on the evidence bearing on
the question of Australian Coal-beds in general. Trans. U. Soc. Vict. 1861, v,
pp. 89-95.
— Remarks on Prof. McCoy's Commentary on a New Tceniopteris, &c. Ibid. 1861,
V, pp. 209-214.
The Coal Fields of New South Wales. Cat. Nat. and Industrial Products, N. 8.
Wales, Intemat. Exhih. 1861, pp. 81-86 — see also Exhibitions, International, 1861
(N. S. Wales).
The Gold Fields of New South Wales. lUd. 1861, pp. 89-93 (London Edit. 1862,
pp. 43-44) — see also Exhibitions, International, 1861 (N. S. Wales).
On the Age of the New South Wales Coal Fields. Annals Nat. Hist. 1862, x, pp.
81-86.
On the occurrence of Mesozoic and Permian Faunaa in Eastern Australia. Quart.
Jour. Qeol. Soc. 1862, xviii, pp. 244-247 ; Phil. Mag. 4th ser. xxiii, p. 558 ; Geologist,
V, p. 184.
On the Gold Fields and Mineral Products of New South Wales. London Intemat.
Exhih. Gat. Nat. and Indust. Products of N. S. WaleSy-p^. 43-44 (8vo. London, 1862).
Notes upon West Australian Specimens of Gold. Sydney Morning Herald,
No. 8125, June 23wl, 1864.
On the Coal Seams at Stony Creek, West Maitland District, New South Wales,
Trans. B. Soc. Vict. 1865 vi, p. 27.
CATALOOUB. 21
Clarke (Rev. W, B.) Od the Carboniferous and other Geological Relations of th^
Maranoa District in Queensland^ in reference to a Discovery of Zoological Fossils
in Wollombilla and Stony Creek, West Maiiland. Trans, B. Soc, Vict. 1865, vi,
pp. 32-42 (sections).
On tho^ Alleged Gold Field at the head of the Nepean River, New South Wales.
OeoL Mag, 1865, ii, p. 330 (extracted from the Sydney Morning Hei-ald).
Notes on the Geology of Western Australia. Ibid, 1866, iii, pp. 503 and 551.
On the Auriferous and Non- Auriferous Quartz Reefs of Australia. Ibid, 1866, iii,
p. 561.
On the occurrence and Geological Position of the Oil-bearing Deposits of New
South Wales. Quart, Jour, Gcol. Soc, 1866, xxii, p. 439 (abstract).
On the Transmutation of Rocks in Australia. Trans, Phil, Soc, N, S, Wales,
1862-65, pp. 267-308 (1866).
Catalogue of Specimens from the Wianamatta and Hawkesbury Rocks, overlying
the Productive Upper Coal Measures of New South Wales (fcap. [? Sydney], 1866).
On the Marine Secondary Fossiliferous Formations in Austmlia. Quart, Jour,
Gcol, Soc, 1867, xxiii, p. 7.
Inaugural Address to the Royal Society of New South Wales, delivered at its first
Meeting, 9th July, 1867. Trans, B. Soc, N. S, Wales, 1868, i, pp. 1-27.
On the Auriferous and other Metalliferous Districts of North Queensland. Proc,
B, Oeogr, Soc, 1868, xii, pp. 138-144 ; Trans. B. Soc, N, S. Wales, 1868, i, pp. 42-57,
Notes on the Geology of the Mary River, Queensland. Ibid. 1868, i, pp. 76-78.
Remarks on the Sedimentary Formations of New South Wales, illustrated by
references to other Provinces of Australia. American Jour. Sci, 1868, 2nd ser. xlv,-
pp. 334-353.
— ^^- On the Causes and Phenomena of Earthquakes, especially in relation to shocks
felt in Australia. Tratis. B, Soc. N, S. Wales for 1868, pp. 51-86 (1869).
Dinornts, an Australian genus. Geol, Mag. 1869, vi, p. 383.
Anniversary Address to the Royal Society of New South Wales, delivered on
May 12th, 1869. Tmns. B. Soc. N. S. Wales, for 1869, pp. 1-22 (1870).
The Dinoimis and Saurian Remains in Austr^ia. American Jour^ Sci, 1870, 2nd
ser. xlix, p. 273.
On the Progress of Gold Discovery in Austmlasia from 1860 to 1871, pp. 23
(8vo. Sydney, 1871).
Anniversary Addi*ess to the Royal Society of New South Wales, delivered May
25th, 1870. Trans. B. Soc. N. S. Wtilcs, for 1870, pp. l-tS (1871) (Contains iho'
Discovery of the Diamond in N. S. Wales).
22 CATALOQUfi.
Clabkb (Eev. W. B.) Anniversary Address, '^ On the Natui'al History of the Diamond/'
delivered before the Royal Society of New South Wales, May 22nd, 1872, with
Appendices, Trans. R, Soc. N. 5. Wales, for year 1872, pp, 1-66 (Contains
additional Notes on the Histoiy of the Diamond).
Anniversary Address delivered to the Royal Society of New South Wales, May
12th, 1875, Ibid, for 1875, ix, pp. 1-56 (Chiefly taken up with Geology of New
Caledonia).
Notes on Deep Sea Soundings. Ibid, for 1875, ix, pp. 67-72 (1876).
— On the Deep Oceanic Depression off Moreton Bay. Jour. B. Soc. N. 8. Wales,
for 1876, X, pp. 75-82 (1877).
— On Dromomis Atutralis (Owen), a New Fossil Bird of Australia. Ibid, for 1877,
xi, pp. 41-49.
— Notice of a New Fossil Extinct Species of Kangaroo, Sthemi/rns viinor (Owen).
Ibid, for 1877, xi, pp. 209-212.
— Remarks on the Sedimentary Formations of New South Wales, illustrated by
References to other Provinces of Australia. Cat. Nat. and Industrial Prods. N.
8. Wales, Paris Univ. Exposition, pp. 65-80 (8vo. Sydney, 1867). — As a Pamphlet:
1st ed. pp. 20 (8vo. Sydney, 1867); 2nd ed. pp. 27 (8vo. Sydney, 1871); 3rd ed.
pp. 61 (8vo. Sydney, 1875); 4th ed. pp. 165, maps and sections (8vo. Sydney,
1878).'-^Also in Mines and Mineral Statistics of N. S. Wales, for 1875, pp. 149^206
(8vo. Sydney).
With (a) Section of Coal Fits at Stony Creek, West BiaiUand : Scale, 24 feet to 1 inch ; (b) Section
of B. Pit, Greta : Scale, 48 feet to 1 inch.
- Obituary Notice of. Proc. R. Soc. 1878-72, xxviii, pp. i-iv (Obit. Notices)— «6d
Btheridge (R., jun.).
- Geological Map of New South Wales— «ce Wilkinson (C. S.).
- and Johnston (W.) Catalogue of the Drift Deposits dug through in sinking for
Gold on the Turon River. Cat. Nat. and Indust. Products, N. S. Wales, 1854, pp.
62-63 (4to. Sydney, 1864).
( — ) Report on the Tumut and Adelong Mining District. Mines and Mineral
Statistics, N. S.- Wales, for 1874, pp. 14-15.
Clements (W. C.) Essay on the Supply of Water to the Interior of the Australasian
Colonies. Jour. R. Agric. Soc. N. S. Wales, 1877, 3rd ser. pt. 4, pp. 367-894.
Climatology— «ee Russell (H. C.) ; Smyth (R. B.).
Cloizeaux ( — Des) Caract^res optiques de la Newberyite. Bull. Soc. Min. de France,
1880, ii, p. 82.
Cloud (T. C.) Note on Atacamite. Chemical News, 1876, xxxiv. No. 890, p. 254.
Note on the Artificial production of Crystallized Atacamite. Trans. Phil. Soc
Adelaide, for 1878*79, p. 80.
OAtAIiOGtJE. is
Clunbs — The Rise and Progress of Qaariz Mining at Clunes. By the Special Reporter
of The Star, pp. 60 (Ballarat, 1869).
Gltmo^J. B.) The Discovery of Rich Deposits of Copper Ore in Australia. Mining
Jour. 1859, xxix, p. 375.
Coal — Coal of Van Dieman's Land. CheeVs Edmh. J.owr. Nat and Oeogr. Sciem^c,
1830, i, p. 290.
Discovery of Coal in Western Australia. Gentleman's Mag. 1847, xxvii, p. 73.
■ Dr. yon Sommer on the Coal of Western Australia. The Sydney Oleaner, 184.8,
i, pp. 257-58.
{Engineer). Coal in Victoria. Mining Jour. 1854, xxiv, p. 410.
Supposed Discovery of Coal in Adelaide. Ibid. 1858, xxviii, p. 474.
Result of Examination at the Mint of Coal forwarded by Dr. O'Brien, from
Belambi, N. S. Wales. Sydney Mag. Science and Art, 1859, ii, p. 121.
The Coal Deposits of the British Colonies in the South. Canadian Jour. 1861,
new series, vi, p. 478.
The Coal Field of New South Wales. Coll. Guardian, 1861, ii, pp. 150, 197, 276.
4
Coal in Victoria. Ibid. 1872, xxiv, p. 665.
.Experiments for Steam purposes with Australian Coal. Mining Jour. 1862, xxxii,
p. 641.
The Coal Fields of New South Wales. Ibid. 1863, xxxiii, p. 749 (Remarks on
Sections prepared by the Rev. W. B. Clarke, and Mr. J. Mackenzie).
Another Discovery of Coal in New South Wales. Coll. Gtcardian, 1864, viii,
p. 174.
Australasian Coal. Ibid. 1869, xvii, pp. 531-82.
The Coal Fields of New South Wales. Ibid. 1871, xxii, p. 96.
The Coal Fields of Australia. Mining Journal, 1872, xlii, p. 689.
— The Coal Production of New South Wales. Coll. Guardian, 1872, xxiii,
pp. 557-58.
Australian Coal. Iron and Coal Trades Review, 1873, vii, p. 271.
On the Coal of Victoria. Iron, 1875, vi, p. 645.
The Coal Fields of New South Wales. Coll. Guardian, 1875, xxix, p. 446 ;
Ibid. 1875, XXX, p. 538 (Summary of Reports by J. Mackenzie).
The Coal Fields of Victoria (being an abstract of a Report by Mr. J. Mackenzie,
on the Coal Fields of that Colony). Mining Jour. 1875, xlv, p. 855.
— The Coal Fields of New South Wales (being an Epitome of. Mr. J. Mackenzie's
Report for 1873, ''On the Condition and Prospects of the Coal Fields, together with
the Reports of the Inspector of Collieries on the state of the various Coal,
Petroleum Oil, Cannel Coal, and Kerosene Shale Mines in New South Wales, &g/').
Ibid. 1875, xlv, p. 355.
^4
CATALOOUK.
CoAL: — Extension of the Australian Coal Field. Mining Jour. 1877, xlvii, p. 158 (Notice
of a Eeport by Mr. J. Mackenzie, on the Port Stephens District).
The Coal Fields of Darling Downs. Tlie Queenslatider, December 1st, 1877.
Australian Coal. Coll. Guardian, 1877, xxxii, p. 1014.
Coal in South Australia. Ibid. 1878, xxxv, pp. 795, 878.
— Queensland Coal Resources. Mining Jotir. 1879, xlix, p. 390.
— Australian "White,** or ''Yellow ** — see Tasmanite.
— Cannel. Discovery of Cannel Coal in New South Wales. Coll. Ouardian, 1865,
ix, p. 397 ; Chem. News, 1865, xi, p. 264.
— and Coal Fields — see Burnett ( — ) ; Clarke (Rev. W. B.) ; Cowan (T.) ; Daintreo
(R.) ; Dawkins (W. B.) ; Dixon (— ) ; Eddy (C. W.) ; Gould (C.) ; Gregory (A. C.) ;
Harrison (T.); Hector (Dr. J.) ; Helpman (Lieut.); Uodgkinson(C.); Hopkins (B.) ;
Hull (Prof. E.); Mackenzie (J.); Milligan (Dr. J.); Princep (J.); Selwyu
(A.R.C.); Strzelecki (Count) ; Stucthbury (S.); Morris (Prof. J.); Smyth (W. W.);
Taylor (R. C).
— Fields. Progress Report from the Select Committee on the Cape Patterson Coal
Fields, together with the Proceedings of the Committee, Minutes of Evidence,
and Appendices, pp. viii and 57 (fcap. Melbourne, 186t-65).
— Geological Description of the Coal Field at Newcastle, New South Wales.
Coll, Guardian, 1864, vii, p. 444.
— and Iron Mines (J. W. W.) The Wallerawang Iron and Coal Mines of. New
South Wales. Mining Jour. 1874, xliv, p. 751 — see also Liversidgo (Prof. A.);
Wilkinson (C. S.).
— and Coal Mining — see Smyth (W. W.).
— and Shale Returas. N. S. Wales — see Wood (H.).
— Trade. The Coal Trade in Australia. Coll. Guardian, 1864, vii, p. 424.
— Measures. The Coal Measures of Australia — '' Wollongongite.*' Mining
Jour. 1871, xli, p. 178.
— Production — see Hall (T. Y.).
Collieries (N. S. Wales) — see Keene (W.) ; Lewis (T.) ; Mackenzie (J.).
CoATES (J.) On a Deposit of Diatomaccso at South Yarra, Melbourne. Trans. R.
Soc. Vict. 1861, V. pp. 158-164.
Collins (D.) An account of the English Colony in New South Wales, Ac. i, pp. xx,
xxxviii, and 615 (London, 4to. 1798), maps and plates ; ii, pp. xvi and 385 (London^
4to. 1802), maps and plates.
CoNYBKEB (Rev. W. D.) Report on the Progress, Actual State, and Ulterior Prospects
of Geological Science. Brit. Assoc. Report for 1831-1832, pp. 365-414 (Australian
Geology, p. 396).
CooPEE (D.) Australian Coal, pp. 4 (fcap. London, 1862) (A letter addressed to the
Editor of the Times).
OATALOGUK. 25
CooPEB (D.) Report on the Application of Australian Coal for Steam Purposes, pp. 4
(fcap. London, 1862).
Copper — Copper Mines in South Australia. American Jour. Sc. 1846, n. s. ii, p. 291.
Bnrra-Burra Copper Mines iu New Holland. ildinb» N. Phil. Jour. 1848,
xlv, p. 180.
■ The Burra-Bun*a Copper Mine, South Australia. American Jour, Sc, 1848, n. s.
vi, p. 184.
— Copper Mines of New South Wales. Mining Jour. 1854, xxiv, p. 264.
Copper Mining on York Peninsula. Ibid. 1872, xlii, p. 46.
{"Chilley*^) Copper Mining in South Australia. Ibid. 1875, xlv, p. 540.
— ; — Copper in Queensland. Nature, 1880, xxi, p. 474.
and Copper Mining — see Apjohn (Dr. J.) ; Bagot (C. H.) ; Bonwick (J.) ; Bruce
(J. A.) ; Christoe (J. P.) ; Clymo (J. B.) ; Foord (Gr.) ; llosales (U.) ; Tremenheere
• (S.) ; Wintle (S. H.).
■ Visit to Tungkills Copper Mine, South Australia. Iron, 1876, vii, p. 66.
Corals, Fodsil — Australian Fossil Corals. Nature, 1879, xix, p. 469.
— — see Buch (L. von); Dana (Prof. J. D.); Duncan (Prof. P. M.) ; Edwards (Prof. H.
Milne); Etheridge (R., jun.); Fronjental (E. de); De Koninck (Prof. L. G.);
Lonsdale (W.) ; Nicholson (Prof. H. A.) and Etheridge (R., jun.) ; Tate (Prof. R.) ;
Woods (Rev. J. E. T.).
Cory (W. H.) Auriferous Deposits of New South Wales. Mining Jour, 1853,
xxiii, p. 303.
CoTTA (B. von) A Treatise on Ore Deposits, translated from the Second German
Edition by F. Prime, jun., &c. (8vo.New York, 1870) (Gold Lodes, p. 504).
CoucHMAN (T.) On the deep Alluvial Deposits of the Gold Fields of Victoria. Smyth^g
Gold Fields and Min. Districts, Vict. 1869, pp. 156-160.
On the Deep Leads at Pleasant Creek, Victoria. Ibid. 1869, pp. 225-229..
On the Auriferous Reefs at Pleasant Creek, Victoria. Ibid. 1869, pp. 339-344.
On the Coster field Antimony Mines, near Heathcote, Victoria. Ibid. 1869,
pp. 417-419.
— Victoria. Reports of the Chief Inspector of Mines to the Honorable the
Minister of Mines for the years 1875-1880. Presented to both Houses of Parhament
by His Excellency's command (fcap. Melbourne, 1876-81).
— Geological Survey p( Victoria: Report of Progress for the year 1876, No. 4,
pp. vii and 189 (poy. 8vo. Melbourne, 1877).
With (a) Plan showiDg coast-line from Capo Howe to Wilson's Promontory. Scale : 32 milas to 1 ioch ;
<b) Section showing Bores in the Ovens Valley, at Eurobin. Scales: Hor. 200 ft. to 1 inch,
Vert, 40 ft. to 1 inch.
see also Murray (R. A. F.); Krause (F. M.); Taylor (N.)j Howitt (A. W.);
NichoUs (W.); McCoy (Prof. F.) ; Newbery (J. C).
26 CATALOQtE.
CoucHMAN (T.) Geological Survey of Victoria : Eeport of Progress for the year 1877,
No. 5, pp. X, and 215 (roy. 8vo. Melbourne, 1878), Maps, sections, &c. — see also
Murray (R. A. F.) ; Krause (F. M.) ; Taylor (N.) ; Howitt (A. W.) ; Nicholiw (W.) ;
McCoy (Prof. F.) ; Newbery (J. C).
Geological Survey of Victoria: Report of Progress for the year 1878,. No. 6, pp.
vii, and 99 (roy. 8vo. Melbourne, 1880).
With (a) Transverse section of a Portion of the Pandora Company's Main Sbaft, Sandhurst; (&)
Transverse section of a Portion of the No. 3 Shaft of the Garden Gaily United Co.'s Mine, Sand-
hnM ; (c) Longitudinal Sketch section of ditto.
—see also Murray (R. A. F.) ; Resales (H.) ; Darbyshire (J.); Bland (R. H.)'j
McCoy (Prof. F.) ; Newbery (J. C.) ; Levey (G. C).
(W. G.) Plan and Sections of Poverty Reef, TamaguUa, with Remarks. Reports,
Mining Surveyors and Registrars, Vict. 1868, No. 1 (fcap. Melbourne, 1868).
Special Report on the Berlin Gold Diggings, Victoria. Ibid, for quarter ending
Dec. 31st, 1874, No. 18, p. 40 (1875).
Cowan (T.) Report on the Kilcunda and Cape Patterson Coal Fields. Smyth's
Progress Report, No. 8, Geol. Sui-vey, Vict. 1876, pp. 273-280.
Cox (Dr. J. C.) On the Stone Implements of Australia and the South Sea Islands.
Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, 1876, i, pt. 1, pp. 21-29.
Crawford (J. C.) Australian Geography and Topography, with some New Zealand
Comparisons and Contrasts. Trans. N. Zealand Inst. 1872, iv, pp. 364-67.
CsBPiN (F.) Note sur Pecopteris odontopteroides. Morris. Bull. Acad. R. Bel-gique,
1875, xxxix, pp. 258-263 (plate).
Crustacea, Fossil — see Clarke (Rev. W. B.) ; Etheridge (R., jun.) ; MoCoy (Prof. F.) ;
Woodward (Dr. H.).
Croll (Dr. J.) Climate and Time in their Geological Relations. A Theory of Secular
Changes of the Earth's Climate, pp. xvi and 577, pis. 8 (8vo. London, 1875)
(Evidence of Ice Action in Australia, p. 295).
•
Crystallography — see Olfers ( — von) ; Stephen (G. M.) ; Ulrich (G. H. F.) ; Rath
( — von). •
Cunningham (Allan) Journal of a Route from Bathurat to Liverpool Plains in New
South Wales. Field's Geograph. Mem. on N. S. Wales, 1826, 8vo. pp. 133-191;
Map (Notes on Soils, &c.) — see Field (Baron) .
Uber die physikalische und geologische Struktur der Gegend im Westen der
Gebirgsscheide zwischen Hunter's River and Moreton Bay. Jahrh. filr Min, 1837,
p. 351.
— (P.) Two Years in New South Wales, &c. (2 vols. 8vo. London, 1827) (Minerals
and Metals ii, pp. 1-12), 3rd ed. 1828.
Notes on the Interior of New South Wales. Proc* Geol. Soc. 1831, i. No. 19,
pp. 255-256; Jahrb*fur Miueraloyie, 18S3, p. 577.
.CATAiiOauE. 27
•CusiiiB (Capt. J. M.) Journal of an Excursion to the Southward of Lako George in
New South Wales. FieWs Geograph. Mem. on N. S. Wales, &c. 1 825, 8vo. pp.
367-381 (Scattered Geological Notes)— «ee Field (Baron).
Daintbeb (R.) Report on the Geology of Bellerine and Pagwit, with special reference
to the probable existence of Workable Coal Seams in those Parii<hes. Geol. Survey
of Victoria, Report for 1861-62, No. 43, pp. 16-23 (fcap. Melbourae, 1862) (plates
and plans).
Quarter Sheet 23, S. W. (Point Henry); 29, N. W. (Lake Connewarre). Geolo-
gical Survey of Victoria, under direction of A. R. C. Selwyn. Scale: 2 inches to
1 mile (Melbourne, 1862).
Quarter Sheets 23, N. E. (Port Arlington) ; 23, S. E. (St. Leonards) ; 29, N. E.
(Queenscliflf). Geological Survey of Victoria, under the direction of A. R. C. Selwyn.
Scale: 2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne, 1863).
Age of the New South Wales Coal Beds. Geologist, 1864, vii, p. 72; Colh
Guardian, 1864, vii, pp. 150 and 168.
Position des Coaches k Glossopteris aa-dessous des roches de la Periode cavboni-
f^re. Bull, Soc. Geol. de France, 1864, xxi, p. 33.
Geological Survey of Victoria. Report on the Geology of the District of Ballan,
including Remarks on tho Age and Origin of Gold, No. 15, 1866, pp. 11, Sections,
Ac. (fcap. Melbourne, 1860).
Report on the Cape River Diggings, and the latest Mineral Discoveries in North
Queensland, pp. 7 (fcap. Brisbane, 1868) (with Geological Maps).
Progress Report by Mr, Richard Daintree, Government Geologist, Northern
Districts, pp. 21 (fcap, Brisbane, 1869) (with Sketch Map of Gilbert Diggings).
Report on the Gilbert Ranges Gold Field, pp. 5 (fcap. Brisbane, 1869) (with
Geological Sketch Map of the Upper Gilbert).
— Report on the Gold Discoveries in the Gilbert Ranges, p. 1 (fcap. Brisbane, 1869)
(with Sketch Map of Gilbert Diggings).
Progpress Report of the Rockhampton Mining District, with a map of the Mount
Wheeler Gold Field (including Mount Wheeler Reefs, Morinish Gold Fields,
Blackfellows Diggings, Crocodile Creek Diggings, &c.) (fcap. Brisbane, 1870).
Notes on the Geology of the Colony of Queensland. Qvurt, Jour. Geol. Soc.
1872, xxviii, pp. 271-317 (map and numerous woodcuts) ; Coll. Guardian, 1872,
xxiii, p, 495; B, A. Bept.for 1871, pt. 2, p. 95.
Tin in Queensland. Mining Jour. 1872, xlii, p. 689.
Iron in Queensland. Ibid. 1874, xliv, p. 947*
— Note on Certain Modes of Occurrence of Gold in Australia, QuarL Jour, GeoU
Soc. 1878, xxxiv, pp. 431-38, pis. 17 and 18.
28 CATALOGUE.
Daintreb (R.) and Wilkinson (C. S.) Quarter Sheets 19, N. B. (Anakio Hills) ; 19, S. E.
(Station Peak) ; 20, N. W. (Yon-Yangs) ; 20, S. W. (Bothwell) ; 23, N. W. (Point
Wilson and Bird Rock) ; 24, S. E. (Geelong) ; 28, N. E. (Mt. Duneed and German
Town); 28, S. E. (Puebla) ; 29, S. W. (Thompson's Ck.). Geological Survey of
Victoria, under the direction of A. R. C. Selwyn, Scale : 2 miles to 1 inch (Mel-
bourne, 1863).
and Wilkinson (C. S.) Quarter Sheet 12, S. E. (Balliang); 8, S. W. (Mount Mary) ;
8, S. E. (Tarneit). Geological Survey of Victoria, under the direction of A. R. C.
Selwyn. Scale: 2 miles to 1 inch (Melbourne, 1864).
Dalrymple (G. E.) Letter from Mr. George Elphinstone Dalrymplo, Commissioner of
Crown Lands in the Kennedy District, to the Honorable the Colonial Secretary,
dated Brisbane, 14th Nov., 1860, '^ On the Exploration of the Estuaries of the River
Burdekin, &c" Report of Trocecdi%\gs, Queensland, Govt. Schooner ^' Spitjire/*
pp. 12-38 (Geological Notes) — see Govt. Schooner ''Spitfire.'*
Queensland. Narrative and Reports of the Queensland North-east Coast Expe-
dition, 1873, pp. 53 (fcap. Brisbane, 1874) (Appendix A, List of Minerals, p. 36)
(With map showing Explorations and Discoveries by G. E. Dalrymple, &c. Scale :
o miles (o 1 inch).
Dalton ( — ) Gold in Quartz. Sydney Morning Herald, No. 2, Sept. 19th, 1859.
(P.) Rocks and Minerals of the Rocky River Gt)ld District. Cat. Nat. and Indus*
trial ProdndSf N. S. Wales, Internat. Exhib. 1861, pp. 93-95 (London edit. 1862,
pp. 44-45) — see Exhibitions, International, 1861 (N. S. Wales).
( — ) Report on the Lachlan District. Mines and Mineral Statistics, N. S. Wales,
1875, pp. 28-41.
With (a) Plan of McQiaggan's Lend, Goobong Creek ; (b) Plan, showing €k>ld leads in the vicinity of
Parkcs and ForbcB.
" Report on the Lachlan Mining District (Gold Field). Ann, Report, Dept,
of Mims, N. S. Wales, for 1876, pp. 47-62 (with Plan of O'Brien's Reef, and a
Section of the deep shaft in the ground held by the Grenfell New Consols Company,
3rd April, 1876) ; Ibid, for 1877, pp. 74^88.
■■'■■ Report on tte Lachlan District, including the Billabong, Cargo, Emu Creek and
Tyagong Gold Field. Ibid, for 1878, pp. 71-77.
Report upon the several Gold Fields (Billabong, Lachlan, Emu Creek, and
Tyagong Gold Fields) within the Lachlan Mining District. Ibid, for 1879, pp. 87-95.
Dampieb (Capt. W.) A Voyage to New Holland, &c. in thq year 1699, Ac. 3 vols. 8vo.
1703-1709 (Vol. iii, 1703, Physical Geography, p. 117).
Dana (E. S.) Morphologische Studien iiber Atacamit. Mineralogische MittheiL Wien.
1874, heft. 2, pp. 103-108; American Jour. Sc. 1874, 3rd ser. viii, p. 69.
(Prof. J. D.) Notes on some Australian Fossils. Annals and Mag. Nat* Hist.
1848, ii, p. 150.
CilTALOOUE. 29
Dana (Prof. J. D.) Fossils of the Exploring Expedition undei* the Command of Charles
Wilkes, U.S.N., a Fossil Fish from Australia, &c, American Jour. Sc. 1848,
2nd ser. v, p. '133.
A Description of Fossil Shells of the Collections of the Exploring Expedition
nnder the Command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N., obtained in Australia. Ihid. 1847,
2nd ser. iv, p. 151 ; Weigmann's Archie, xiii, p. 301.
Corals and Coral Islands. Pp. 398, plates and maps (8vo. London, 1872) (Australian
reefs, 135, 142, 148, 309, :nO, and 329) ; 2nd ed. pp. xx and 348, plate and maps
(8vo. London, 1875) (Australian reefs, 107, 113, 118, 264, 265, 282).
United States Exploring Expedition, during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841,
1842, under the Command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N., Vol. x. Geology, pp. xii and
756 (4to. atlas, pis. 21. folio, Philadelphia, 1849) (N. S. Wales, pp. 449-537; Fossils
of N.S.Wales, pp. 681-720).
On the Degradation of the Rocks of New South Wales, and Formation of Valleys.
American Jour, Sc. 1850, ix, p. 289.
Manual of Geology : treating of the Principles of the Science with reference to
American Geological History, &c. (8vo. Philadelphia, 1863) (Australian Geology,
pp. 29, 34, 443, 444, 447, 525, 566, &c.) ; 2nd ed. pp. xvi and 828, map, &o.
(New York, 1870) {Ibid. pp. 14, 28, 33*, 283, 345, 370, 438, 470, 570, 571, 575,
622).
— Manual of Mineralogy and Lithology, &c. 3rd edition (London, 1879).
Dabbtshibe (J.) Report on the Harp of Erin Company's Mine, Freeburgh, Ovens
District. Couchman^s Progress Report, No. 6, Oeol. Survey Vict. 1880, pp. 64-66
(plan and sections. Harp of Erin Gold Mining Company, Scale: 120 ft. to
1 inch).
D'Abchiac (Le Viscompte A.) Histoire des Progris de la Geologic de 1834 k 1845
(7 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1847). Orographic particulifere, i, 1847, pp. 180-188; ii, pt. i,
1848. Terrain quartemaire de TAustralie, pp. 414-419; ii, pt. 2, 1849. Terrain
Tertiaire de PAustralie, pp. 1084-86 ; rii, 1850. Roches Ignees ou Pyrogenes de
I'Australie, pp. 580-82 ; vii, 1857. Flore fossile, pp. 688-692 ; viii, p. 661.
Lemons sur la Fauno Quartemaire (Paleontologie Stratagraphique) (8vo. Paris,
1865) (Dix-huitieme Le5on, Faune Quartemaire de I'Australie, pp. 263-274).
Dabwin (C.) Narrative of the surveying voyages of H.M.S. ''Adventure*' and
"Beagle,** between the years 1826-1836, describing their examination of the
Southern Shores of America, and the '' Beagle's ** Circumnavigation of the Globe
(3 vols. 8vo. London, 1839) (Vol. iii, pp. 515-538).
Jonmal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History of the Various
Countries visited by H.M.S. ''Beagle,** under the Command of Capt. Fitzroy, b n.,
from 1832 to 1836, pp. xiv and 615 (8vo. London, 1839) (Australia, pp. 515-569).
80 CiTATiOQtrC.
Darwin (C.) Geological Obaerrations on the Yoloanic Islands visited during the voyage
of H.M.S. *^ Beagle/* together with some brief notioes on the Geology of Australia
and the Cape of Good Hope. Being the Second Part of the Geology of the Voyage
of the '^ Beagle" under the Command of Capt. Fitssroy, r.n.j during the years 1832
to- 1836, pp. vii and 175 (870. London, 1844) (Australia, pp, 130-148)— «ee also
Sowerby (6. B.) ; Lonsdale (W.).
— — Geological Observations on Coral Reefs, Volcanic Islands, and on South America :
being the Geology of the Voyage of the '' Beagle,'* under the Command of Capt.
Fitzroy, r.n., during the years 1832 to 1836, pp. xii and 279 (8vo. London, 1851),
Maps, &c. (Foliated rocks of Australia, p. 165).
Journal of Researches into the Natural History and Geology of the Countries
visited during the Voyage of H.M.S. ''Beagle*' round the World, under the
Command of Capt. Fitzroy, r.n., second edition, corrected with Additions, pp. viii
and 519 (8vo. London, 1845) (Australia, pp. 431-451) (This forms the second
edition of the second entry under Darwin).
Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands, and Parts of South America,
visited during the Voyage of H.M.S. "Beagle,'* &c. second edit. pp. 647 (8vo.
London, 1876) (This forms the second edition of the third entry under Darwin).
Davibs (W.) and Barkas (W. J.) List of PaloQozoic Fishes. Oeol Mag. 2nd ser. 1874,
1, pp. 542-553.
Davis (J.) and Westgarth (W.) Tracts of McBanlay and Party across Australia, pp. xvi
and 408 (8vo. London, 1863), with Map (Indications of Gold, p. 317).
Davidson (T.) A Monograph of the British Fossil Brachiopoda, ii, part 5. The
Carboniferous Brachiopoda, 1858-63, pp. 280, pis. 55 (Australian and Tasmanian
Carbonif. Brach, p. 264).
On Tertiary Brachiopoda. Geologist, 1862, v, pp. 446 and 447 {Waldheimia
Oaribaldiana from Mt. Gambier, described).
A Monograph of the British Fossil Brachiopoda, Part 7. The Silurian Brachio-
poda, No. 2, pp. 89-168, plates 13-22, &c. (4to. London, 1867) {Atrypa retimlarU,
Linn. p. 133).
Report on the Brachiopoda, dredged by H.M.S. "Challenger," during the years
1873-76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H,M.S. '' Challenger,"
1873-76, Zoology, vol. i, pt. 1, pp. 1-67, pis. 4 (London, 1880).
Davison (S.) New Theory of the Origin of Gold. In Letters addressed to Mr. Har-
graves. B. H. Eargraves' Australia and its Gold Fields, 1855, pp. 208-240— /?p(>
also Hargraves (H. E.).
The Discovery and Geognosy of Gold Deposits in Australia ; with comparison
and accounts of the Gold Regions in California, Russia, India, Brazil, &o., includiag.
a Philosophical Disquisition on the Origin of Gold in Placer-deposits and in Quartz
Veins, pp. ix and 484 (with map and appendices) (8vo. London, 1860).
CATAIiOaUB. 31
f •
Davison (S.) The Gold Deposits in Australia; their Discovery, Development and
Geognosy, with a Disquisition on the Origin of Gold in Placer-deposits and in
Quartz- Veinstones. 2nd edition, pp. ix and 484 (8vo. London, 1861) (This forms
the 2nd ser. of preceding work.
Placer-depodits of Gold in Australiji. Mining Jour, 1861, x.xx, p. 522.
Dawkins (W. B.) The Age of the New South Wales Coal Beds. Trans. Manchester
Oeol. Soc, 1875, xiv, pt. 2, p. 28.
Dawson (Dr. J. W.) On Sporecases in Coals. American Jour. Science, 1871, cl, pp.
256-263 ; Canadian Nat. and Geol. 2nd ser. v. No. 4, pp. 369-377 (Tasmanite).
(R. D.) The present. State of Australia-; a description of the Country, its
advantages and prospects, &c. 2nd edit. pp. xix and 455 (8vo. London, 1831)
(Observations on Soils, &c. p. 344).
( — ) Extract from a Report on the Geological Characters of the Country on the
Florentine River, Tasmania. Proc, R. Soc. V. D, Land, 1852, ii, pt. 1, p. 168.
De Boos (C.) Report on the Southern Mining District of New South Wales. Mines
and Mineral Statistics, iV. S. Wales, 1875, pp. 15-27.
Deep Leads — see Couchman (T.) ; Etheridge (R., jun.) and Murray (R. A. F.) ; Howitt
(A. W.) j Krause (F. M.) ; McAlpine (G. B.) ; Murray (R. A. F.) ; Stephens (T.).
Delessk ( — ) Sur le Gisement et sur I'Exploitation do POr en Australie. Ann. des
Mines, 1853, iii, pp. 185-212.
Denison (Sir W. T.) On the relative value of Native Gold, from the different Countries,
whence it is brought to Market in these Colonies. Proe. J?. Soc. V. D, Land, 1853,
ii, pt. 2, pp. 201-224.
On the Mersey and Don River Coal Seams, Tasmania. Ibid, 1854, ii, pt. 3, pp,
487-488.
Remarks on transmuted Sandstone. Ibid. 1854, ii, pt. 3, p. 510.
On the Filtration of Water through Sand. Sydney Mag, Science and Art, 1859,
ii, pp. 73-74.
Varieties of Viceregal Life (2 vols. 8vo. London, 1870) (Discovering of Gold at
Port Phillip, i, p. 175 ; Coal Mine at Bellambi, i, p. 450).
Deslonqchamps (E.) Documents sur la G^ologie de la Nouvelle-Cal6donie, suivis du
Catalogue des roches receuillies dans cette ile par MM. Jouan et E. Deplanches, et
de description des fossiles triasique de Tile Hugon, dependance de cette Colonic, pp.
50 (8vo. Paris, 1864).
Diamonds — Diamonds in Australia. Mining Jour. 1853, xxiii, p. 31.
and Diamond Mining — see Clarke (Rev. W. B.); Foord (G.)j Hunt (J.);
Liversidge (Prof. A.) ; Mackay (A.) ; Taylor (N.) ; Wilkinson (C. S.).
DiATOHACELE— 5ee Coates (J.).
32 CATALOaUE.
DiPEOTODON, Remains of — nee Hobson (Dr. E. C); Hochstefcter (Dr. F. von) ; Huxley
(Prof. T. H.) ; Krefft (G.) ; McCoy (Prof. P.) ; Owen (Prof. R.) ; Wilson (C. A.).
Dixon (W. A.) On the Metallurgy of Nickel and Cobalt. Jour. R. Soc. N. 8, Wales,
1879, xii, pp. 127-132.
The Deep Well Waters of Sydney. Ibid, 1872, xii, pp. 133-141.
Note on the Boorook Silver Ore. Ibid. 1879, xii, pp. 255-259.
Analysis of Samples of Coal from New South Wales. Ann. Rnport, Depf. of
MincH^N. S. Wales, for 1878, pp. 16-19.
Analysis of Samples of Coal from New South Wales. Ibid, for 1879, pp. 24-29.
Analysis of Copper Ores from New South Wales, made during 1879. Ibid. 1879,
pp. 87-41. Silver Ores. Ibid. pp. 42-44. Limestones and various other MinenUs.
Ibid. pp. 47-49.
On Silver in New South Wales. Mining Jow. 1880, 1, p. 323.
D'Oebiqny (A.) Dnmont d'Urville's Voyage au P61e Sud. Atlas, Paleontologies 6 plates
(folio, Paris, 1846) (Figures of Australian Palaeozoic Fossils).
Downing (Dr. C. T.) On Norfolk Island^ its Character and Productions. Proc.
JR. Soc. Tas. 1859, iii, pt. 2, pp. 195-212 (Geology, pp. 197-199).
DoYLB (P.) Petroleum : its History, Origin, and Use, with reference to its advantages
and perils as an illuminator (8vo. Brisbane, 1880).
Dressing of Ores — see Smyth (W. W.).
Drifts, Auriferous — see Selwyn (A. R. C.) ; Skey (W.) ; Murray (R. A. F.) ; Wilkinson
(C. S.).
Duncan (Prof. P. M.) A Description of some Fossil Corals and Echinodermatafrom the
South Australian Terfciaries. Annals Nat. Hist. 1864, 3rd ser. xiv, pp. 161-168,
t. 5 and 6.
Note on the Fossil Corals from Muddy and Violet Creeks, Victoria. Qiutrt. Jour.
Geol. Soc. 1865, xxi, pp. 394 and 395.
A Description of some Fossil Corals from the Sonth Australian Tertiaries.
Annals Nat. Hist. 1865, 3rd ser. xvi, p. 182, t. 8.
The Fossil Corals (Madreporaria) of the Australian Tertiary Deposits. Quart.
Jour. Geol. Soc. 1870, xxvi, p. 284, pis. 19-21 ; N. Jahrbuch, 1871, p. 330.
On some Fossil Alcyonaria from the Australian Tertiary Deposits. Quart. Jour.
Geol Soc. 1875, xxxi,pp. 673-674, t. 38a.
On some Fossil Corals from the Tasmanian Tertiary Deposits. Ibid. 1875,
pp. 677-678, t. 38c.
— On some Fossil Reef-building Corals from the Tertiary Deposits of Tasmania,
Jbid. 1876, xxxii, pp. 341-351, t. 23.
CATALOGUE. 33^
Duncan (Prof. P. M.) On the Echinodermata of the Australian Cainozoio (Tertiary)
Deposits. Quart. Jour, Geo. Soc, 1877,xxxiii, pp. 42-73, pis. 3 and 4; N, Jahrbuch,
1878, p. 109.
■ On the Salenidae, Wight, Part 2. Observations on the Morphology of Recent
Salenidse, &c. Annals Nat. Hist. 1877, xx, pp. 245-257 {Salenia Tertiaria, Tate,
p. 246).
TheMarsupialiaandMonotremata. CasselVs Natural History, vol. iii, pp. 191-234
(8vo. London, n.d.) (Fossil Distribution, pp. 226 and 234).
Dunn (E. J.) Notes on the Bocks and Minerals of the Ovens District, with a sketch
map. Reports, Mining Snrv. and Registrars, Vict. No. 26, March 31st, pp. 41-47
(fcap. Melbourne, 1871) containing —
(a) Gcolo^cal Sketch Map of the Parish of Beechworth. Scale : 40 cbains to an inch. (I) Plan of
the Western Portion of Wooragee Valley. Scale : 40 chains to an inch, and three sectiontt.
Notes on the occurrence of Enhydros, or Water-Stones, at Beechworth.
Trans. R. Soc. Vict. 1874, x, pp. 32-35 (plan and sections).
DuPEEBEY (Capt.) Extrait du Report fait k PAcademie des Sciences sur le Voyage
de Decouvertes execute dans les Annees 1822 k 1825. Bull, des Sc. Nat. et de
Geol. de Ferussac, 1825, vi, p. 187 (Australian Geology, p. 189).
DuTTON (F.) South Australia and its Mines, with an Historical Sketch of the Colony,
&c. pp. 361 (8vo. London, 1846).
Dtsodile — see Church (Prof. A. H.) ; Ralph (T. H.).
Eahl (G-. W.) Observations on the Commercial and Agricultural Capabilities of the
North Coast of New Holland, and advantages to be derived from the establishment
of a Settlement in the vicinity of Raffles' Bay, pp. 47 (8vo. London, 1836).
Notes on Northern Australia and Neighbouring Seas. Jour. R. Geogr, Soc.
1842, xii, pp. 139-141.
Enterprise in Tropical Australia, pp. viii and 177, 2 maps (8vo. London, 1846)
(Soil and superficial accumulations of Cobourg Peninsula, pp. 74-76).
Contributions to the Physical Geography of South-eastern Asia and Australia.
Jour. Indian Archipelago, 1852, vi, pp. 243-277; Ibid. 1858, new ser. ii,
pp. 278-286.
A Correspondence relating to the Discovery of Gold in Australia, pp. 16
(8vo. London, 1853).
A Handbook for Colonists in Tropical Australia, pp. 187 (8vo. London, 1863)
with maps.
Earp (G. B.) The Gold Colonies of Australia (12mo. London, 1853).
Earthquakes — Earthquakes in New South Wales. Sydney Maj. Science and Art, 18S9,
ii, pp. 93-94.
see Brisbane (Sir T, M.) ; Clarke (Rev. W. B.).
34 CATALOOUB.
Eabth Temperature — see Brisbane (Sir T. M.).
EcHiKODKBMATA, FoBsil — 866 Dancan (Prof. P. M.) ; Etheridge (R., jun.) ; Johnston
(R. M.) ; De Koninck (Prof. L. G.) ; I^anbe (Dr. G. C.) ; Woods (Rev. J. E. T.).
Edkn (C. H.) The Fifth Continent, with the adjacent Islands ; being an account of
Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea, with Statistical Information to the latest
date, pp. viii and 312 (8vo. London, n.d.) (Geological Features of the Fifth
Continent, p. 24; Victoria, &c. Geological Formation, pp. 181, 207, 228).
Eddy (C. W.) On the Natural Distribution of Coal throughout the British Empire.
Proc. B. Gol Institute, 1872, iii, pp. 167-193 (Australasian Coal, pp. 175-179).
Special Report on the Victoria Stream Tin Deposits. Mining Jour. 1875, xlv,
p. 1223.
Edwards (Prof. Milne-) et Haime (Jules) Monographic des Polypiers Fossiles des
Terrains Paleozoiques, precedeo d'un Tableau General de la Classification des
Polypes. Archives die Mus. d'Hist. Nat. v, pp. 1-502, pis, 1-20 (Remarks on
Stenopora, &c. p. 273).
A Monograph of the British Fossil Corals, Pal. Soc. 1852, part iii. Corals
from the Permian Formation, and Mountain Limestone, pp. 210^ pis. 31-46
(Remarks on Gladochonus, p. 164).
EoBRTON (Sir P. do M. G.) On some Ichthyolites from New South Wales, found
by the Rev. W. B. Clarke. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. 1864, xx, pp. 1-5, t. 1 ;
Geologist, 1863, vii, p. 470 ; Phil. Mag. 1863, 4th ser. xxvi, p. 550.
Ellbby (R. L. J.) Anniversary Presidential Address to the Royal Society of Victoria.
Trans. B. Soc. Vict. 1868, viii, p. iii (Geological Summary, pp. x and xi).
Notes on the Climate of Victoria. Intemat. {Victoria) Exhibition Essays, No. 3,
pp. 20 (8vo. Melbourne, 1872) (Rainfall of Victoria, p. 11).
Eliott (G. W.) Report on the Talgai Gold Fields, Queensland, for the year 1865, pp. 3
(fcap. Brisbane, 1866).
Annual Report on the Talgai Reefs and Canal Creek Alluvial Gold Fields,
Queensland, pp. 2 (fcap. Brisbane, 1867).
Enaliosauru — see McCoy (Prof. F.).
English (A. G.) On Australian and Tasmanian Tin. Mining Jour. 1875, xlv, p. 19.
Iron Ore in Australia. Ibid. 1875, xlv, p. 124.
Enhydbos, or Water Stones — see Dunn (E. J.) ; Foord (G.) ; Mello (Rev. J. M.).
Erskine (J. E.) Australian Gold Discoveries (8vo. London, 1851).
Ethbridgb (R.) Description of the Paleeozoic and Mesozoic Fossils of Queensland.
'Q^art. J<yur. Geol. Soc. 1872, xxviii, pp. 817-350, pis. 18-15.
(R., jun.) Note on the Lignite Deposit of Lal-Lal, Victoria. Ibid. 1873, xxix,
p. 565.
CATALOOUE. 85
Ethebidqe (B.; Jan.) Observations on a few Graptolites from the Lower Silarian
Bocks of Victoria^ Australia, &c, AnnaU Nat. Hist. 1874, 4th ser. ziv, pp. 1-10,
t. 3.
7-* Description of a New Species of the Genus Hemipatagua. Desor, from the
Tertiary Bocks of Victoria, Australia; with Notes on some previously described
Species from South Australia, Quart. Jour. Geol, Soc. 1875, xxxi, pp, 444-450,
t. 21.
— On the occurrence of a Species of Uetepora (allied to i2. phceiiieea. Busk.),
in the Tertiary Beds of Schnapper Point, Hobson's Bay, Victoria. Trans.
B. Soc. Vict. 1875, xi, pp. 13-14.
— On some Species of Terebratulina, Waldheimia, and Terebratella from the Upper
Tertiary Deposits of Mount Gambier and the Murray Biver Cliffs, S. Australia.
Annals Nat. Hist. 1876, ser. 4, xvii, pp. 15-22, t. 1 and 2.
— Observations on the Sand Dunes of the Coast of Victoria. Trans. B. Soc. Vict.
1878, xii, pp. 2-5.
— South Australian Post Tertiary Foraminifera and Ostracoda. Oeol. Mag, 1876,
Deo. 2, iii, p. 334.
— Notes on some Upper Palaeozoic Polyzoa from Queensland. Trans. B. Soc. Vict,
1876, xii, pp. 66-68 (plate).
— Gold in the Coal Measures of New South Wales. Oeol. Mag. 1877, Dec. 2, iv,
p. 286.
— On the History of Australian Palaeozoic Actinology. Trans. B. Soc. Viet. 1878,
xiv, pp. 102-108.
— A Synopsis of the known Species of Australian Tertiary Polyzoa. Jour, B. Soc.
N. S. Wales for 1877, xi, pp. 129-143.
— On a Species of Unio discovered in the Home Bule Lead, Gulgong, New South
Wales, by C. S. Wilkinson, Esq., Ac. Ann. Beport, Dept. of Mines, N. S. Wales,
for 1878, pp. 164-169.
— A Catalogue of Australian Fossils (including Tasmania and the Island of Timor)
vStratigraphically and Zoologically arranged. Edited for the Syndics of the
University Press, pp. viii and 232 (8vo. Cambridge, 1878).
— Obituary Notice of the late Bev. W. B. Clarke, m.a., f.r.s., p.g.s., &c. Oeol.
Mag. 1878, Dec. 2, v, pp. 379-82.
— Obituary Notice of the late B. Daintree, c.m.g., p.g.s. Ibid. 1878, Dec. 2, v,
pp. 429-32.
— Beport on a Collection of Fossils from the Bowen Biver Coal Field, and
the Limestone of the Fanning Biver, North Queensland. Quart, Jour. Oeol.
Soc. 1879, XXXV, pt. 4, pp. 101-102 (abstract) ; Proc. B. Phys, Soc. Edinb. 1880,
V, pp. 263-328, pis. 7-17.
3 *
86 CATALOQUE.
Ethesidge (B.J jun.) Stratigraphical and Descriptire Geology, Australasia. Oei>L
Record, 1874, pp. 149-160 ; Ibid. 1875, pp. 147-164; Ibid. 1876, pp. 159-166; Ibid.
1877, pp. 151-163 (8vo. London, 1874-78).
On the Identification of the First Secondary Fossil found in Australia. Papers
and Proc. R. 8oc. Ta^.for 1879 (1880), pp. 18-22.
and Murray (R. A. F.) Horizontal Section across. Quarter Sheet 26, S. E. (Beids
Creek) ; Geol. Survey of Victoria, under the Direction of A. R. C. Selwyn
(Melbourne, 1868).
— and Murray (R. A. F.) Report on the Durham Lead Buninyong, Victoria.
Reports, Mining Surveyors and Regs, Vict. 30th June, 1874, App. B. pp. 42-53 (fcap.
Melbourne); Smyth's Progress Rept. No. 2, 1875, Oeol. Survey Vict. pp. 101-118.
Ettingshausen (Prof. C. F. von) Die genetische Gliederung der Flora Australiens.
Sitz. R. Ahad. Wissensch. Wien. 1875, Abth. 1, Bd. Ixx, pp. 542-550.
— Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Vegetation der Erde. Ibid. 1874, Abth« 1, Bd.
Ixix, heft 3 pp. 219-236 (Reference to Australian Flora, &c.).
Evans (G. W.) A Geographical, Historical, and Topographical Description of Van
Dieman's Land, &c. pp. ix and 140 (8vo. London, 1822) (Mineralogy, p. 58).
Exhibitions, International, 1851 (London). International Exhibition Catalogue, 1851.
Reports of the Juries (8vo. London, 1852) (Class I, Mining, &c. vol. i, pp. 36-37).
International, 1851 (Tasmania). Tasmanian Contributions to the Exhibition of the
Industry of all Nations, to be held in London, 1851, pp. 20 (fcap. Hobart Town,
1851) (Minerals, Ores, &c. pp. 1-3).
-*— International, 1855 (Tasmania). Tasmanian Contributions to the Universal-
Exhibition of Industry at Paris, 1855, pp. 50 (fcap. Hobart Town, 1855)
(Class I, Mining and Metallurgical Products, pp. 1-9).
International, 1861 (New South Wales). Catalogue of the Natural and Industrial
Products of New South Wales, exhibited in the School of Arts, by the International
Commissioners, Sydney, October, 1861, pp. 135 (8vo. Sydney, n. d.) (Minerals, p.
10 j Mineral Products, pp. 81-118)— iree also Clarke (Rev. W. B.); Dalton (P.)
and Christoe (J. P.).
— International, 1861 (Victoria). Catalogue of the Victorian Exhibition, 1861 ; with
Prefatory Essays, indicating the Progress, Resources, and Physical Characteristics
of the Colony, &c. pp. 300 (8vo. Melbourne, 1861) — see Smyth (R. B.) ; Neumayr
(Prof.) ; McCoy (Prof. F.) ; Selwyn (A. R. C.) and Birkmyre (W.).
— International, 1861 (Victoria) Essais Divers, servant d'introduction au Catalogue
de ^Exposition des Produits de la Colonic de Victoria: mettant en relief les
Progrfes, Ressources, et Caractfere physique de la Colonie, pp. 209 (8vo. Melbourne,
1861) — see previous Authors,
CATALOaiTK. 87
Exhibitions, InterDational, 1861 (Victoria). Die Colonie Victoria in Australien;
ihr Fortschritt, ihre Hilfsquelleu und ihr physikalischer Charakter. Mit Zugrun-
delegung amtlicber Quellen dargestellt in Abhandlaugen (8vo. Melbourne, 1861) —
see previous Authors.
International, 1862 (N. S. Wales). Catalogue of the Natural and Industrial
Products of New South Wales, with a Map and Introductory Account of its Popu-
lation, Commerce, and general Resources, pp. 64? (large 8vo. London, 1862)
(Mineral Products, p. 43; Minerals and Bocks, p. 51) — see Clarke (W. B.) ; Dalton
(P.) ; Christoe (J. P.) ; Keen (W.).
International, 1862 (Queensland). International Exhibition, 1862. Catalogue
of the Natural and Industrial Products of Queensland, pp. 48. (8vo. London,
1862) (Coal, p. 13 ; Copper, p. 14).
— ^International, 1862 (S. Australia). Catalogue of Articles, the produce of South
Australia, exhibited in the South Australian Court of the Great Exhibition
Building, 1862, pp. 4 (8vo. London, 1862) (Mines and Minemls, p. 1).
International, 1862 (W. Australia). Descriptive Catalogue of the Collection of
Products and Manufactures contributed by the Colony of Western Australia to
the International Exhibition of 1862, pp. 32 (8vo. London, 1862) (Section I,
Mining, &c. pp. 8-9) ^see Gregory (F.) ; and Sampson (L.).
International, 1862 (London). London International Exhibition of 1862. Reports
of the Juries (8vo. London, 1863) (Class I, Mining, &c. pp. 1-34).
International, 1872 (Queensland). Catalogue of Objects exhibited in the Queens-
land Annexe, International Exhibition, 1872 (8vo. London, 1872) (Geological and
Mining information, pp. 7-96). GulL Giuirdian, 1874, xxviii, p. 557.
International. London international Exhibition of 1873 (Melbourne, 1872-73).
Official Record, containing Inti'oduction, Catalogues, Reports and Recommen-
dations of the Experts, Official Awards of the Commissioners, and Essays, and
Statistics on the Social and Economic Resources of the Colony of Victoria, pp.
xxiii and 223 (8vo. Melbourne, 1873) (Ores, Building Stone and Coal, pp. 114
and 190; Mineralogical Specimens, pp. 126 and 199).
International. The Vienna Universal Exhibition of 1873. Victoria, Australia.
Official Catalogue of Exhibits, pp. 31 (8vo. Melbourne, 1873) (Ores, Coal, and
Minerals, p. 21).
International. The London International Exhibition of 1873. The Victorian
Exhibition. Official Catalogne of Exhibits, pp. viii and 31 (870. Melbourne,
1873) (Ores, Coal, and Minerals, p. 21)— see Ellery (R. L. J.) ; Smyth (R. B.) ;
Internat. Exhib. Essays, 1873, Nos. 2 and 3.
International, 1876 (Philadelphia). Philadelphia International Exhibition, 1875.
Official Catalogue of the British Section, pari 1, pp. 418 (4to* London, 1876)
(Colonial Section, pp. 303-118).
38 CATALOaUS.
Exhibitions, International, 1876 (Philadelphia). Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition of
1876 (Melbourne, 1875). Official Record containing Introduction, Catalogues,
Official Awards of the Commissioners, Reports and Recommendations by the
Experts, and Essays and Statistics on the Social and Economic Resources of the
Colony of Victoria, pp, xxxiii and 382 (8vo. Melbourne, 1875) (Department I,
Minerals, &c. pp. 1-14).
International, 1876 (Philadelphia). Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition, 1876.
Victoria, Australia. Official Catalogue of Exhibits, Essays, &c. pp. viii and 255
(8vo. n.d,) (Department I, Mining and Metallurgy, pp. 1-71) — see Bleasdale (Rev.
Dr. J. J.).
International, 1878 (Paris). Paris Universal Exhibition of 1878. Catalogue of
the British Colonies, pp. 174 (8vo. London, n,d,) (N. S. Wales, Mining and Metal-
lurgy, p. 99 J Victoria, ditto, p. 117; Queensland, ditto, p. 136; S. Australia,
ditto, p. 145; W. Australia, a Collection of Rocks and Fossils, p. 159).
— International, 1878 (Paris). Paris Universal Exhibition of 1878. Victoria,
Australia, Official Catalogue of Exhibits, pp. 274 (8vo. London, 1878) (Rocks and
Minerals, &c. pp. 34-182) — see Pechar (J.).
- International, 1878 (Paris). The Paris Exhibition of 1878. Coll. Guardmn,
1878, xxxvi, No. 291, pp. 293-294 (Mining and Mineral Exhibits of Victoria,
N. S. Wales, S. Australia and Queensland).
International — sne Lucas (Hon. J.); McCoy (Prof. F.); Selwyn (A. R. C);
Smyth (R. B.); Clarke (Rev. W. B.); Dalton (F.) ; Christoe (J. P.); Keene (W.);
Bleasdale (Rev. Dr. J. J.) ; Gregory (F.) ; Sampson (L.).
ExPLOBATiON — United States Exploring Expedition under Capt. Wilkes. American
Jour. Sc. 1843, xliv, pp. 393-408 (N. Holland, p. 407).
Journals of — see Austin (R.) ; Baines (T.) ; Brown (H. Y. L.) ; Burr (T.) ;
Cunningham (A.) ; Currie (Capt. J. M.) ; Darwin (C.) ; Eyre (E. J.) ; Forrest (J.) ;
Gawler (Col.) ; Giles (E.) ; Gosso (W. C.) ; Gray (Sir G.) ; Hann (W.) ; Howitt
(W.) ; Jukes (Prof. J. B.) ; King (Capt. P. P.) ; Leichhardt (L.) ; Macgillivray
(J.) ; Mitchell (Sir T. L.) ; Oxley (J.) ; Stuart (J. McD.) ; Sturt (Capt. C.) ;
Warburton (Col. P. E.).
Etbs (E. J.) Expeditions of Discovery in South Australia. Jour. B. Geogr. Soc. 1843,
xiii, pp. 161-181.
Notice of the Lower Course of the River Darling. Ibid. 1845, xv, pp. 327-331.
■ Journal of Expeditions of Discovery into Central Australia, and overland from
Adelaide to King George^s Sound in 1840*1841 (2 vols. 8vo. London, 1845).
Considerations against the supposed existence of a great Sea in the Interior of
Australia. Jour. R. Geogr. Soc. 1846, xvi, pp. 200-211.
t^lisf AX (J.) The Colonies of Australia : their Formation, Progress, and Present State ;
the Discovery of the Gold Fields, &c. 2nd ed. (8vo» LondoDi 1863) (DiBeovery of
Gold, p. 25).
/
CATALOGUE. 39
Falconer (Dr. H.) On the Species of Mastodon and Elephant occurring in the Fossil
State in Great Britain. Part I, Mastodon. Quart. Jour. Oeol. Soc. 1857, xiii, pp.
308-360 {Mastodon Australia, Ow. p. 319, and Synop. Table).
On the disputed affinity of the Mammalian genus Pla^iaulax, from the Purbeck
Beds. Ibid. 1862, xviii, pp. 384-369 (Camassial tooth of Thylacoleo, p. 368).
On the American Fossil Elephant, &c. Nat. Hist. Review, 1863, pp. 48-114
(Occurrence of Mastodon in Australia, pp. 96-101).
FalsBontological Memoirs and Notes, compiled and edited by C. Murchison, m.d.
(2 vols. 8vo. London, 1868) (Mastodon Australia, Owen, i, pp. 64 and 105 ; asserted
occurrence of Mastodon in Australia, i, 271-276).
Farbeb (W.) Relation of Natural Grasses to the Rock of the Country they grow on,
as regards their material Constituents, and application to the Pastures of this
Colony. Jour. B. Agric. Soc. N. S. Walea, 1877, 3rd ser. pt. 3, pp. 259-264.
Feisthaktel (Dr. O.) Palaeontologia Indica, &c. ser. zi, 1, Jurassic (Oolitic) Flora of
Kach. pp. 80, pis. 12 (folio, Calcutta, 1876) (Reference to Alethopteria Auatralis.
Morris).
Notes on the age of some Fossil Floi^as in India. Recorda, Oeol. 8ui*vey of India,
1876, ix, pts. 3 and 4; Ihid. 1877, x, pt. 3, pp. 133-140, pi. 4, pp. 196-203.
- Flora of the Jabalpur Group (Upper Gondwanas) in the Sou-Narbada region.
Palceontoloffia Indica, ser. xi. No. 2, pp. 25 (Calcutta, 1877).
On the Jurassic (Liassic) Flora of the Rajmahal Group, in the Rajmnhal Hills.
Ibid. ser. ii, no. 2, 1877 {Alethopteria Auatralia, p. 89 ; Tceniopteria, p. 95).
Ueber das Verhaltniss gewisser fossilen Floren und Landfaunen unter einander
und zu den gleichzeitigen Meeres faunen in Indien, Afrika, und Australien, pp.
38 (8vo. Calcutta, 1877)— see also Neues Jahrbuch, 1878, p. 669.
— Palaeontologische Beitrage, iii, Palaeozoische und mesozoische Flora des ostliclien
Australiens. Palaeontographica, 1878, suppl. iii, Leiferung, iii. Heft. 2, pp. 53-84,
pis. 1-10; Heft. 3, pp. 85-130, pis. 11-18; Heft. 4, 1879, pp. vii and 133-195, pis.
19.80.
Notes on the Fossil Flora of JEastern Australia and Tasmania. Geol. Mag. 1879,
Dec, 2, vi, pp. 485-92 ; N. Jahrbuch, 1880, ii, pp. 258-56.
Field (Baron) On the Rivers of New South Wales. Field's Geograph. Mem. on N. 8*
Wales, &c. 1825 (8vo. pp. 297-312) (A paper read before the Philosophical Society
of Australia on 3rd July, 1823, and only published as above).
FiscHEB (P.) Note sur les Roches fossiliferes de TArchepel Caledonien. Bull. Sod
Oeol. de France, 1867, 2nd ser. xxiv, pp. 457-458.
FisHi Fossil— «e6 Davies (W.) ; Egerton (Sir R de M. 6.) ; Traqooir (Dr« B. E.)i
40 CATAt/OGDE.
FiTTON (W. H.) On the Structure of North-western Australia. Froc, B. Gcogr. Soc.
1857, 1, pp. 501-503.
An account of some Geological Specimens, collected by Capt. P. P. King, in his
Survey of the Coasts of Australia, and by Robert Brown, Esq., on the Shores of
the Ghilf of Carpentaria, during the Voyage of Captain Fh'nders. Phil. Mag. Ixviii,
pp. 14-34, 132-147.
Flight (Dr. W.) A Chapter in the History of Meteorites. Geol. Mag, 1875, ii, pp. 16,
70, 115, 152, 214,257, 311, 362,401, 497, 548, 589 (The Deniliquin Meteorite,
p. 264 ; the Cranbourno Meteorite, p. 552).
Flinders (Mathew) A Voyage to Terra Australis, in the years 1801-1803, in H.M.S.
"Investigator,^' &c. (2 vols. 4to. and Atlas, 1814).
Island — see Grould (C.) ; Johnston (R. M.) ; Milligan (Dr. J.).
Flint Implements — see Baines (T.) ; Smyth (R. B.).
Flower (W. H.) On the Affinities and probable Habits of tho Extinct Australian
Marsupial Thylacoleo carnifex (Owen). Qimrt. Jour. Oeoh Soc. 1868, xxiv, p. 807;
Geol. Mag. v, p. 286 ; N. Jahrbuch, 1869, p. 766.
Flude (T.) Letter on a sample of Coal from near Green Ponds, Tasmania. Proe. B.
Soc. Tas. 1855, iii, pt. 1, p. 192.
Foetterle (F.) Schadelabguss des Zygomaturus inlohiis. Verhandl. der K. K. Geol.
Beichsanstali {Jahrbuch.) , x, p. 177.
FooRD (G.) On the Occurrence of the Diamond, and Chlorobromido of Silver amongst
the Gold Ores of Australia. Cheni. News, 1862, vi, p. 14.
Analytical Report on Specimens of Iron Ore from near Ilfracombe, Tas. Papers
and Proc. B. Soc. Tas. 1866 (September), pp. 84-85.
Notes on Enhydros found at Beechworth. Trans. B. Soc. Vict. 1874, x, pp. 71-76
(2 plates).
On a Specimen of Native Copper recently found at Footscray, near Melbourne.
Ibid. 1874, X, pp. 131-135.
FoRAMiNiFERA— i^ec Etheridge (R., jun.) ; Parker (W. K.) and Jones (Prof. T. R.); Tate
(Prof. R.).
Forbes (D.) On the Geological Epoch at which Gold has made its appearance in the
crust of the Globe. Geol. Mag. 1866, iii, p. 385.
(Prof. E.) Our knowledge of Australian Rocks as derived from their Organic
Remains. Lecture 2, Lectures on Gold, 2ud edit. 1853, pp. 39-67.
Forrest (J.) Journey across the Western Interior of Australia, from Champion Bay and
Murchison River on the West, to Peak Station on tho Telegraph Line. Proc. B.
Geogr. Soc. 1875, xix, pp. 57, 310, 481.
Explorations in Australia, pp. 354 (8vo. London, 1875) (4 maps, plateB> &c.)«
CATALOGUE. 41
FoRUKST (J.) Juiirual of the Wcbterii Australian Exploring Expedition through the
centre of Australia, from Champion Bay to the Overland Telegraph Lino between
Adelaide and Port Darwin. Jour, JR. Geogr. Soc. 1875, xlv, pp. 249-299 (map).
Journal of Proceedings of the Western Australian Exploring Expedition
through the Centre of Australia, from Champion Bay on the West Coast, to the
Overland Telegraph Line between Adelaide and Port Darwin, commanded by John
Forrest, p.r.g.s., pp. 39 (fcap. Perth, 1875), with map — see Smyth (R. B.).
Fossils — Fossiles silurien trouves a Nouvelle HoUande. Bull. Soc. Geol. de France,
1840, xi, p. 177.
Silurian Fossils from Hobart Town. Tas. Jour. Nat. Science; ii. No. 11, pp.
456-457.
Fowler (W.) Sections of Strata made at Yarrow, in the Hundred of Clinton, on the
West Side of head of St. Vincent's Gulf. Trans, R, Soc, S, Amtraliay 1880,
iii, p. 181.
Frankland (6.) A Notice on Maria Island, on the East Coast of Van Dieman's Land.
S. Lat. 42^ 44', E. Long. 148^ 8'. Proc, Geol, Soc, 1836, ii, p. 415; Phil. Mag.
1836, ix, p. 496 ; Jahrb, fiir Mineralogte, 1838, p. 337.
Eraser (C.) Remarks on the Botany, &c. of the Banks of Swan River, Isle of Buache,
Baie Geographe, and Cape Naturaliste. Hooker* s Bot, Miscellany, 1830, i, pp.
221-236 (Contains geological notes).
- Journal of a Two Months^ Residence on the Banks of the Rivers Brisbane and
Logan, on the East Coast of New Holland. Ibid, 1830, i, pp. 237-269 (Accompanied
by geological notes).
Freycinbt (Louis) Voyage de Decouvertes aux Torres Australes, Ac. Navigation ct
Geographie, avec un Atlas, pp. 576 (4to. Paris, 1815) (Geological notes on French
Islands, &c. p. 112).
pROiiENTEL (E.de) Introduction a PEtude des Polypiers Fossiles, &c. pp. 357 (8vo. Paris,
1858-61) [Stenojpora, species of, p. 275).
Garrett (Rev. J.) On Asbestos in Serpentine, from the baso of the Asbestos Mountains,
Tasmania. Proc, B. Soc. V. D. Land, 1852, ii, pt. 1, p. 157.
Garrod (H. a.) On the Kangaroo called Halmaturus ltiettu)sus, by d'Albertis, and its
affinities. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1876, pp. 48-59 (Reference to Protenvnodon, Owen, &c.).
Gawler (His Excellency Gov.* G.) Notes made during a Journey into the Interior.
Royal S. Aust. Almanack for 1839, pp. 4547.
Notes on the Geological Examination of the country bordering Lake Alexandria
and the Murray. The Southern Australian, 1840, iii. No. 85, p. 16.
Notes on the Geography and Geology of the Wakefield Range of Mountains,
S. Australia. The S. Austr, Register, 1841, iv. No. 163«
42 CATAtOGUfi.
Geikib (Prof. A.) Life of Sir R. I. Murchison, Bart., k.c.b., p.r.s., &c, (2 vols. 8vo.
•
London, 1875) (Discovery of Gold in Australia, ii, pp. 131-136).
(Dr. J.) The Great Ice Age and its Relation to the Antiquity of Man, pp. xxiii
and 575, pis. 17, 1874; 2nd ed. pp. xxvii and 624, pis. 19, 1877 (8vo. London,
1874 and 1877) (Australian Conglomerates, pp. 513 and 568 respectively).
Gems — Queensland Gems — Opals. The Quecnslander, 1875, new ser. x,- No. 11, p. 24
— see also Bleasdale (Rev. J. J.).
see Bleasdale (Rev. J. J.) ; Church (Prof. A. H.) ; Stephen (G. M.).
Geology — The Geology of South Australia. Royal S, Austr, Almanach for 1841, pp.
58-68 (Contains a list of Minerals found in S. A. by Mr. Menge, p. 62).
The Geology in Silver^s " Handbook for Australia and New Zealand,^' pp. 21-28
(8vo. London, 1874).
Gervais (P.) Histoiro Naturelle des Mammif&res avec Vindication de leurs moDurs, et do
leurs rapports avec les Arts, le Commerce, et 1* Agriculture (2 vols. roy. 8vo. Paris,
1854) (Genera Nototherium and Diprotodon, i, p. xxii; Australian Marsupials, ii, p.
266 et seq,),
Memoire sur tes formes c6i*6brales propres aux Marsupiaux. Nauv. Archives
du Mus. d'Hist. Nat. 1869, v, pp. 229-251, pis. 13 and 14.
Sur les formes cerebrales des Mammiferes marsupiaux, edentes et carnivores.
Bull, Sac. GeoL de France, 1870, xxviii, pp. 14-15.
Gibbons (S.) Note on the Cranbourne Meteorite. Trans* R. 8oc. Vict. 1874, x,
pp. 130-131.
Giles (E.) South Australia. Mr. Ernest Gileses Explorations, 1872. Diary of Explora-
tions of Mr. Ernest Giles in Central Australia, August to November, 1872, No.
21, pp. 32 (fcap. [? Adelaide], 1873).
— South Australia. Mr. E. Giles's Explorations, 1873-4, No. 215, pp. 69 (fcap.
[? Adelaide], 1874). With map of the Country West of the Telegraph Line in
the Interior of Australia, explored by Mr. E. Giles.
Geographic Travels in Central Australia, from 1872 to 1874, pp. 223 (8vo-
Melbourne, 1875, with map).
South Australia. Giles's Explorations, 1875, No. 22, pp. 16 (fcap. [? Adelaide],
1876). With map of Explorations from Beltana Station in the Colony of South
Australia to the City of Perth in Western Australia, 1875.
— South Australia. E. Giles's Explorations, 1875-6. Proceedings of the Hon.
Thos. Elder's Expedition under the command of Ernest Giles from Perth to
Adelaide, No. 18* (fcap. [? Adelaide], 1876). With map showing the routes
travelled, and Discoveries made by the Exploring Expedition equipped by the
Hon. Thos. Elder, &c., between the years 1872-76.
— Journey of Exploration from South to Western Australia in 1875. Jouu B. Creogr*
Soc. 1876, xlvi, pp. 328-57.
GATALOOUK. 4^
GiPPSLAND — see Howitfc (A. W.) ; Murray (R. A. P.) ; Rawliuson (T. E.) ; Skeen
(A. J.) and Smyth (R, B.) ; Taylor (N.).
Lakes — see Rawlinsou (T. E.).
Mining District — see Howitt (A. W.).
61RABD (Prof. H.) Beitrage zur Geologie von Australien von Ludwig Lcichhardt.
Abhandl. der Naturfor. Oesellsch. zu Halle. Jahrg,, 1855, iii, pp. 1-62.
Glacial Action, and Epoch — see Croll (Dr. J.) ; Grcikie (Dr. J.) ; Haast (Dr. J.) ;
Button (Capt. F. W.) ; Tate (Prof. R.) ; Woods (Rev. J. E. T.).
GoALEN (Lieut. W. N.) Sections of Port Adelaide Creek, from the Outer Bar to the
Port Bridge. 8. Australian Pari. Papers, 1876, No. 85, 2 plans of sections.
GoBLE (G. F.) Gold in Tasmania. Mining Jour. 1862, xxxii, p. 410.
Gold — The Existence of Gold in New South Wales. Ibid. 1851, xxi, p. 4-45.
■ Prediction of the Existence of Gold in Australia. Ibid. 1851, xxi, p. 529.
' Gold in Australia. GentlemarCs Mag. 1851, xxxvi, pp. 420, 643; 1852, xxxvii,
p. 507.
Correspondence relative to the Recent Discovery of Gold in Australia. ParL
Blue Booh, Feb. 3rd, 1852, pp. 76 (London, fcap. 1852).
Further Papers relative to the Discovery of Gold in Australia. Ibid. June
14th, 1852 (N. S. Wales, pp. 1-39; Victoria, pp. 42-101; South Australia,
pp. 104-114; V. D. Land, pp. 116-123, with Appendices and Maps) (London,
fcap. 1852).
Further Papers relative to the recent Discovery of Gold in Australia. Ibid.
Feb. 28th, 1853, pp. 433 (N. S. Wales, pp. 1-152, Victoria, pp. 153-333 ; S. Australia,
pp. 336-411, with Appendices and Maps) (fcap. London, 1853).
Further Papers relative to the recent Discovery of Gold in Australia. Ibid. Aug.
16th, 1853, pp. 222 (N. S.Wales, pp. 1-41; Victoria, pp. 46-127; S. Australia,
pp. 130-161 ; V. D. Land, p. 164, with Appendices and Maps) (fcap. London,
1853).
Discovery of Gold in Australia. Appendix to Answers 12 and 13, in the
Evidence of the Rev. W. B. Clarke, m.a., f.g.s., taken before the select Committee
on the Management of the Gold Fields, on Friday, 24th Sept. 1852, pp. 4 (fcap.
Sydney, 1854) — see Gold Fields, Select Committee.
— Further Papers relative to the Discovery of Gold in Australia. Pari. Blue
Book, Feb. 16th, 1854, pp. 205 (N. S. Wales, pp. 1-66; Victoria, pp. 68-198
S. Australia, p. 200) (fcap. London, 1854).
Further Papers relative to the Discovery of Gold in Australia. Ibid. Dec*
1854, published 1855 (N. S. Wales, pp. 1-71; Victoria, pp. 74-177; with Maps
and Appendices) (London, fcap. 1854)*
44 CATALOGUE.
Gold — Further Papers relative to the Discovery of Goldin Australia, rail. Blue Booh,
July 15th, 1855, pp. Ill (N. S. Wales, pp. 1-26; Victoria, pp. 28-106; V. D.Land,
pp. 110-111 ; W. Australia, p. 114) (fcap. Loudon, 1855).
New South Wales, 1854. Discovery of Gold in Australia (Sir R. Murchisou's
Claim). Ordered by the Council to be printed, pp. 6 (fcap. Sydney, 1854) — see Gold
Fields, Select Committee; Clarke (Rev. W. B.).
Further Papers relating to the Discovery of Gold in Australia. Pari. Blue
Book, Feb. 1856, pp. 82 (N. S. Wales, pp. 1-8; Victoria, pp. 10-82) (fcap.
London, 1856).
Further Papers relating to the Discovery of Gold in Australia. Ibid. July,
25th, 1856, pp. 39 (N, S.Wales, pp. 1-16; Victoria, pp. 18-39) (fcap. London,
1856).
Further Papers relating to the Discovery of Gold in Australia. Ibid. Aug.
25th, 1857, pp. 109 (N. S. Wales, pp. 1-36; Victoria, pp. 38-79; Tasmania,
pp. 82-103) (fcap. London, 1857).
The Original Discoverer of Gold in Australia. Mining Jour. 1853, xxiii, pp. 11,
191; 1852, xxii, p. 46.
Lectures on Gold for the Instruction of Emigrants about to proceed to Australia,
delivered at the Museum of Practical Geology, 2nd ed. pp. 215 (8vo. London, 1853)
(By J. Beete Jukes, Ed. Forbes, Lyon Playfair, W. W. Smyth, John Percy, and
Robert Hunt, which see respectively).
Assays, made at the Sydney Branch of the Royal Mint, of 48 specimens of
New South Wales Gold, from the Collection exhibited in the Australian Museum,
prior to Transmission to Paris, December, 1854. Bntish Catalogue, Exposition
Univcrsellc, Paris, 1855, p. 108 (large 8vo. London, 1855).
The Gold Yield of Victoria from 1851 to 1858. Jour. American Geogr. and
Statistical Soc. 1859, Nos. 1-3, p. 27.
— The Discoverer of Gold in Australia (Dr. Lhotsky). Mining Jour. 1860,
XXX, pp. 346, 369, 382, 486.
— Victorian Gold Mines ; Continuous Water Supply. Ibid. 1860, xxx, p. 434.
— Gold Deposits in Australia. Ibid. 1860, xxx, pp. 502*504.
— (Civis) First Discovery of Gold in Australia. Ibid. 1867, xxxvii, p. 788.
— The Gold Mines of Victoria, Australia, No. 1. Ibid. 1869, xxxix, p. 239; No. 2.
Ibid. p. 259 ; No. 3. Ibid. p. 276.
— The Discovery of Gold in New South Wales. Ibid. 1870, xl, p. 853.
— The Discoverer of Gold in Australia. Ibid. 1877, xlvii, p. 1171.
— Gold of Queensland. Iron, 1880, xv, p. 296.
— Chemical Properties of — see Playfair (Dr. L.).
— Dresfling of— sec Smyth (W. W.).
CATALOGUl!. 45
Gold — Deposits, N. S. Wales — Sur les Gisements Auriferes do Nouvelle Galles du Siid
(Australie). Ann. fjcoh des Mines, 1859, 5*^ s6r. X7i, 5° et 6^ livr. p. 577.
Fields — Another "Gold Field'^ discovered. Mining Jour. 1849, xix, pp. 247, 262.
Board of Science. Second Annual Report (on the Gold Fields). Presented
to both Houses of Parliament by His Excellency's command. No. 48, pp. 40 (fcap.
Melbourne, 1859-60).
■ ■ Regulations — ^New South Wales. Regulations for the Management of the
Gold Field. Published by Authority, pp. 9 (870. Sydney, 1852).
Australian — The Australian Gold Fields. Sydney Empire, Jan. 28fch, 1861.
N. S. Wales— The Southern Gold Fields of New South Wales. Mining
Jour. 1858, xxviii, p. 113 (with a section).
N. S. Wales— see Clarke (Rev. W. B.) ; Hardy (J. R.) ; Odernheimer (Dr. F.) ;
Stutchbury (S.); Wilkinson (C. S.).
North Australia — seePlunkett (J. A.).
Queensland — see Allen (C. H.); Bowen (Sir G.) ; Clarke (Rev. W. B.);
Daintree (R.) ; Griffin (T. J.) ; Hackett (T. R.) ; Milliard (W. E.) ; Hodgkinson
(W. 0.) ; Jack (R. L.) ; Jardine (J.) ; Kayser (E. A.) ; King (H. E.) ; Lambert
(C. H.) ; Mulligan (J. V.).
Select Committee. Extract from Minutes of Evidence taken before the Select
Committee on the Management of the Gold Fields, Friday, 24th September, 1852.
Discovery of Gold in Australia {Sir B. Murchison's Claim), N. S. Wales, 1854, pp.
3-6 (fcap. Sydney, 1852)— see Gold, Sir R. Murchison's Claim; Clarke (Rev. W. B.).
South Australia — see Hargraves (E. H.); Peterswald (W. J.); Selwyn (A.
R. C).
Tasmania — ^The Fingal Gold Field, Tasmania. Mining Jour, 1856, xxvi, p.
804 (An Extract from a Report by the Rev. W. B. Clarke).
— _• Tasmania — see Gould (C.) ; Milligan (Dr. J.).
Victoria — The Geology of the Gold Fields of Victoria. Mining Jour. 1854,
xxiv, p. 369.
Victoria— The Gold Fields of Victoria. Ibid. 1854, xxiv, p. 698.
Victoria — Gold Fields Statistics, 1861. Presented to both Houses of
Parliament by His Excellency's command. No. 100, pp. 19 (fcap. Melbourne,
1861-62); Ibid. 1863, No. 20, pp. 19 (fcap. Melbourne, 1864).
Victoria — see Symth (R. B.); Couchman (T.); Hargraves (E. H.) ; Hopkins
(E.); Howitt (A. W.) ; Kitto (R. L. M.); Phillipps (J.) ; Redway) W.) ; Resales (H.);
Sejwyn (A. R. C); Smith (A.); Thompson (H. A.) ; Wathen (G. H.).
4Q CATAIK)OinE,
Goi,D— The Victorian Gold Fields. Iron, 1878, xi, p. 267.
Nuggets in Drift— "«ee Skey (W.) ; Wilkinson (0. S.).
■■ and other Minerals— Yield of, in N. S. Wales — aee Wood (H.).
Separation of — see Smith (J.).
Supply. The Australian Colonies and the Gold Supply (Svo. London, 1858).
aee Birkmyre (W.) ; Calvexi (J.) ; Clarke (Rev. W. B.) ; Daintree (R.) ; Dalton
(— ) ; Davison (S.) ; Denison (Sir W. T.) ; Erskine (J. B.) ; Forbes (D.) ; Goble
(G. F.); Grieves (A. F. A.); Hargraves (E. H.); Hunt (R.); Leibius (Dr. A.)
Marshall (H.) ; Miller (F. B.) ; Murchison (Sir R. I.) ; Nisser (P.) ; Playfair (Dr. L.)
Stevens (T.) ; Thompson (H. A.); Wilkinson (C. S.); WolfE (G.) ;, Wyld (J.)
Scoffern (I.).
GossB (W. C.) South Australia. W. C. Gosse's Exploration, 1873. Report and Diary
of Mr. W. C. Gosse's Central and Western Exploring Expedition, 1873. No. 48,
pp. 23 (fcap. Adelaide, 1871), with 1 maps.
Explorations in Central Australia during 1873. Proc. R. Oeogr, Soc. 1875, xix,
pp. 51-53.
Gould (C.) Geology of Tasmania. Geologist, 1861, iv, p. 536.
Report on the Resinous Shales of the River Mersey, Tasmania, pp. 3 (fcap. Hobart
Town, 1861) (containing Geological Map of the Parish of Forrabury, County of
Devon, and three Sections. Scale : 10 chains to 1 inch).
Report on the Mersey River Coal Fields, pp. 10 (Hobart Town, 1861).
— Report on the Coal Fields of the Break o'Day Valley, and upon a portion of the
South-cast Coast of Tasmania, pp. 22 (fcap. Hobart Town, 1861). Containing—
(a) Geological Map of the MoaDt Nicholas and Donglas River Coal Fields. Scale : one inch to a mile.
(b) Horizontal Sections to accompany the same. Scale : Hor, one inoh to a mile ; Vtrt, 2| in. to one
mile, (c) Two sheets, vertical sections, Douglas River Coal Fields. Scale ; 2 feet to one inch, &c.
(d) Vertical Sections of Seams worked bj the Donglas River Coal Company. Scale : 2 fl. to 1 inch.
— On Measures for ascertaining the Commercial Value of Coal from diflTerent
localities in Tasmania, pp. 4 (fcap. Hobart Town, 1861).
— Eesults of the Geological Survey of Tasmania. Brit. Assoc. Report for 1861, pt. 2,
p. 112 (1862).
— On the Structure of the Country between Macquarie Harbour and the Frenchman'a
Cap, Tas. Papers and Proc, R. Soc. Tas. 1860 (September), p. 1.
— On the Geology of the Fingal (Gold-bearing) District. Ibid. 1863 (July), pp.
land 2.
— On the Geology of a part of the County of Dorset, Tas. Ibid. 1864 (August),
pp. 70 and 71.
CATAIiOQUE. 47
Gould (C.) TasmanMU A " Copy of the Report of Mr. Gould, the Government Geologist,
upon the subject of Gold in the Colony of Van Dieman's Land, referred to in the
last Report of the Governor of Tasmania, 1862,'' pp. 8 (fcap. [?Hobart Town],
1864), with Geological Map of W. Tasmania.
Notes on the Geological Structure of the North-east Coast of Tasmania. Proc,
B. Soc, Tasmania, 1865 (July), pp. 63-66.
On the Position of the Gordon Limestones, relatively to other Palaeozoic Forma-
tions, Ac. Ibid. 1866 (April), pp. 27-29.
Observations on a Paper by Mr. W. Allport, '^ Notice of some Fossils recently
discovered near Risdon, Tasmania." Ibid, 1866 (August), p. 72.
Report upon the Geological Structure of the Country near Ilfracombo, Tasmania.
Ibid. 1866 (September), p. 84.
— Map of a Portion of Western Tasmania explored during the summer of 1860 by
an Expedition under the command of Charles Gould, b.a., p.q.s.. Government
Geologist. Scale: 2 J English miles to 1 inch (The soundings of Lake St. Clair
are given in fathoms).
— On the Geological Structure of Flinder's Island in Bass' Straits. PaperB and
Proc. iZ, Soc. Tasmania, for 1871 (October), p. 53.
— On the Islands in Bass' Straits. Ibid, for 1871 (November), pp. 57-67.
— La Carte G^ologique de la Tasmanie. Marcou's Explicatio7i d'une 2wie. edition
de la Carte Geol. de la Terre, 1872, p. 20 1.
— On Specimens of Rutile, Anatase, and Brookite found in Tasmania. Papers and
Proc. E. Soc. Tas.for 1873 (November), p. 57 (1874).
— Note upon a Recent Discovery of Tin Ore in Tasmania. Quart, Jour. Oeol, Soc,
1875, xxxi, pp. 109-110.
— (Le) Geographical and Geological Discoveries in Queensland. Oeol. Mag. 1864,
i, p. 142 ; Queensland Daily Guardian, 1864, Feb. 16th.
GowEB (G. H.) Report on the Vegetable Creek Tin Field. Mines and Mineral Statis-
tics, N. S. Wales, for 1874, pp. 63-70 (with Plan of the Dressing Machinery
designed by W. H. Wesley).
Report on the New England and Clarence District. Vegetable Creek Division
(Tin Field, &c.). Ann. Report, Dept. of Mines, N, S, Wales, for 1876, pp. 110-114;
with —
(a) Plan of Tin Dressing Machine. Scale : |ths of an inch to 1 ft. (h) Vegetable Creek Tin Mines— a
ikrtch shoving the aggregate yield of Ore from each mlpc», from the oommencemeot of mining
operations ip the year 1872 to Slat Deceipber, 1876.
48 CATALOGUE.
GowER (G. H.) Report on the New England and Clarence Mining District. Yegetauix,
Creek Division. Ann. Report, Dept. of Mines , N, 8. Wales, for 1877, pp. 141-151
(with Plan of Lands containing Deep Deposits of Tin Ore in the Parishes of
Strathbogie and Scone, Co. of Gough. Scale: 20 chains to 1 inch, and seven small
vertical sections).
Report on the New England and Clarence Mining District. Vegetable Creek
Division. Ibid, for 1878, pp. 126-130 (with a Sketch Plan of the Vegetable Creek
Mining District, showing the approximate position of the Creeks, and localities
of the principal Mines working for Stream Tin under Basaltic formation, and of
the Tin lodes. Scale : 4 miles to 1 inch).
Report on the Condition and Prospects of the Vegetable Creek Tin Mining
District for the year 1879. Ibid, for 1879, pp. 149-156 (with Plan and Section
of Messrs. Wesley, Bros. Workings, two plans of machinery, and a table showing
total yield of Tin Ore from the Vegetable Creek Tin Mining District).
GoYDKR (G. W). South Australia. Northern Territory Survey Progress Reports, No.
31, pp. 4 (fcap. Adelaide, 1869) (Gold, p. 2).
South Australia. Survey of Northern Territory. Copy of Surveyor-General's
Report on Survey of Northern Territory, No. 157, pp. 5 (fcap. Adelaide, 1869)
(Minerals, p. 4).
Grad (A. C.) L'Australie Int^rieure. Explorations et Voyages k travers le Continent
Australien de 1860 k 1862, pp. 187 (8vo. Paris, 1864).
Grahak ( — ) Report on the New England and Clarence Mining District. Ann. Report,
Dept. of Mines, N. 8. Wales, for 1878, pp. 90-95.
— '— Report on the New England and Clarence Mining District, N. S. Wales. Ibid.
1879, pp. 157-162.
Graptolites — see Etheridge (R., jun.) ; Hopkinson (J.) and Lapworth (C.) ; McCoy
(Prof. F.).
Gray (Dr. J. E.) On Cyprcea umbilicata, and Oyprcea cximia of Sowerby. Proc. Zool.
8oe. 1849, p. 125 ; Proc. R. Soc. V. D. Land, 1852, ii, pt. 1, pp. 197-98.
Gregory (A. C.) Geological Survey of Queensland : Report on the Geology of part
of the Districts of Wide Bay and Burnett. The Queenslander, 1875, n. ser. x
No. 3, p. 16 ; also as a Report, pp. 6 (fcap. Brisbane, 1875).
Report on the Coal Deposits of the West Moreton and Darling Downs District
pp. 8 (fcap. Brisbane, 1876).
Report on the Bnrrum Coal Mines (fcap. Brisbane, 1879).
Report on Coal between Dalby and Roma, Southern Queensland (fcap. Brisbf
1879).
On the Geological Features of the South-eastern districts of Queensland (
^-^^rie, 1879).
CATALOGFl!. 49
Grsoobt (F.) Minerals of South Australia. Descrip. Gat, Products and Manufactures,
W. Australia, Internaf, EMb, 1862, pp. 9-12 — see Exhibitions, International,
1862 (W. AustraUa).
(F. T.) Journal of the N. W. Australian Exploring Expedition, under the
Authority of H.M. Imperial and Local Governments, aided by Private Contri-
butions, pp. 83 (8vo. 1861).
— On the Geology of a part of Western Australia. Quart. Joxtr. Geol. Soc. 1861,
xvi, pp. 475-483 ; rhil, Mag, 4th ser. xxii, p. 246 ; Oeologist, iv, p. 296.
■ ■ ■■ (J. W.) and Gregory (F. T.) Remarks to accompany a Geological Map of Western
Australia. Quart, Jour. Geol, Soc, 1848, iv, p. 142 (abstract).
■ ■ and Others. Report on the Mining and Mineral Products of Western
Australia. Descript, Cat, W, Australia, Intemat, Exhih, Report, pp. 8-16 (8vo.
London, 1862).
Expedition to the North-west coast of Australia. Joiir. R, Geogr. Soc, 1 862,
xxxu, pp. 872-429.
A Report on the Tin Discoveries in Queensland. Quart. Jour, Geol. Soc. 1873,
xxix, p. 1.
Grey (Sir G.) Journals of two Expeditions of Discovery in N. W. and W. Australia,
during the years 1837-1839, performed under the authority of H.M. Government
(2 vols. 8vo. London, 1841), map, &c.
Section of the Country between the East Shore of St. Vincent's Gulf and Ijake
Alexandria, &c. Proc, Geol, Soc. 1842, iv, p. 23.
Grieves (A. P. A.) Discovery of Gold in Australia. W. H, Archer's Statistical Rqjorter
of Victoria, 1854, pp. 329-332 (8vo. Melbourne, 1854).
Griffin (T. J.) Annual Report on the Peak Downs Gold Fields for 1866, pp. 3 (fcap.
Brisbane, 1867).
GuKN (R. C.) On the Habitat of Gyprasa umhilicata (Sow.). Proc. Zool, Soc, 1849,
p. 124.
Geological Notes on a recent Overland Journey from Circular Head, Tasmania.
Proc. R. Soc. V, 1), Land, 1852 (?), ii, pp. 168-169.
On the Encroachment of the Sea along the North Coast of Tasmania. Ibid.
1855, iii, pt. 1, pp. 54-56.
Letter respecting the discovery of Keys in the Shore formation of Corio Bay,
&c. Trans, R. Soc, Vict, 1876, xii, pp. 123-24.
GuppY (R. J. L.) On Worm-burrowings in some Clays at Bendigo, Australia. Proc,
Geol. Assoc, 1861, i. No. 7, pp. 161-162.
On Metamorphism in Certain Strata at Bendigo, Australia. Ibid, 1865, i. No. 11,
pp. 409-14,
so chx^jjoq^.
Haast (Dp. J.) Notes on the Glacial Epoch ia Australia. Trans. B, 8oc. Vict. 1868,
viii, p. 278.
IIac^ett (T. R.) Geological and Mining Report on the Gympie Gold Field, pp. 4 (fcap.
Brisbane, 1869).
Haidingeb (W.) Zwei Meteoreisenmassen in der Nahe von Melbonme in Auatralien
aufgefunden. Sitz, d. K. Akad. d. Wissensch. Wien. 1861, xliii, Abth. 2, pp. 588-584.
« Die zwei Cranbonme Meteoreisenblocke in Victoria. Ibid, 1861, xliv, Abth. 2,
heft 3, pp. 378-380.
« Die Brster Proben des Meteoreisens von Cranbonme in Australien. Ibid.
1861, xliv, Abth. 2, pp. 465-472.
Das Meteoreisen von Cranbonme im K. K. Hof-Mineralien Cabinet ; ein Gesehenk
von dem Kdniglich-grossbritannischen Gouvemenr von Victoria in Australien, Sir
Henry Barkly. Ibid. 1862, xlv, Abth. 2, pp. 65-74 (plate).
Hai«l (J.) The Colonisation of Northern Australia, Prince Albert Land; First Settle-
ment, Burke City, on the Albert River; the most likely Gold Country out of
Victoria, pp. 21 (8vo. Melbourne and Sydney, 1862).
■ (T. Y.) Comparative Productiveness of the French, English, Belgian, American,
Prussian, Spanish, Saxonian, and Australian Coal Fields, in the Years 1855 and
1856, Trans. N. of England Inst. Mining Engineers, 1858, vi, pp. 67-72.
Halloy (J. J. d'Omalius d') Precis E16mentaire de Geologic {8vo. Paris, 1843) — see
pp. 44, 96, and 97.
Hamilton (A.) On the Foraminifera of the Tertiary Beds at Petane, near Napier.
Trans. N. Zealand Inst. 1881, xiii pp. 393-396, pi. 16 (References to Victorian
localities and species).
Hann (W.) Narrative of an Exploring Expedition in Northern Queensland, Australia.
Proc. R. Oeogr. Soc. 1874, xviii, pp. 87-107 (Geological Notes by Mr. Norman
Taylor).
Hanson (His Honour Chief Justice) The Geology of the South-east (of S. Australia).
Trans. Phil. Soc. Adelaide for 1866 (pub. 1867).
Harcus (W.) South Australia; its History, Resources, and Productions, pp. xv and
432, maps and plates ,(8vo. London, 1876) (Mines and Mining, p. 86, 297, Ac.)—
see Austin (J. B.) ; Plunkett (J. A.).
Habdman (W.) Explorations in Australia. The Journal of John McDonall Stuarf
during the years 1858-1862, ^x. pp. xxiv and 511 (8vo. London, 1864).
Hardy (J. R.) Reports from J. R. Hardy, Esq., Commissioner of Crown Lands, with
respect to the Summer Hill, Turon, and Araluen Diggings. Papers relative to
(icol. Surveys N. S. Wales, 2nd Pec. 1851, No?. 61-73, pp. 95-109 (fcap. Sydney,
1852),
Habdt (J. B.) Report on the present state and fature prospects of the Westera and
Southern Gold Fields^ with Appendices. Papers rdtUive to the G^ld DMricts,
N. 8. Wales, 1852, pp. 17 (fcap. Sydney, 1852).
Harobayes (E. H.) Correspondence with the Colonial Secretary (E. Deas Thomson,
Esq.), '^ On the Existence of Gold in New South Wales.'' Papers relating to Geoh
Surveys, 2nd December, 1851, Nos. 26-50, pp. 64-79 (fcap. Sydney, 1852).
-— — Bepoi*t on certain indicated Localities — the Macdonald River, &c. Ibid, 1852,
No. 10, p. 32 (fcap. Sydney, 1852).
— ' — Report on the Gold Fields of Australia Felix. Pari. Blue Book, February, 1854,
p. 17.
Australia and its Gold Fields, &c. pp. xvi and 240 (8vo. London, 1855) (with
outline Map of Australia showing position of Gold Fields) — see also Davison (8.).
Report, Journal and Notes during an examination of South Australia for the
purpose of the Discovery of a workable Gold Fidd, &c. No. 96, pp. 21 (fcap.
Adelaide, 1864).
- On the non- Auriferous Character of the Rocks of West Australia. Proe. J?.
Geogr, Soc. 1864, viii, pp. 32-34.
Harbison (T.) Geological Notes on the Country near Melbourne, Geologist, 1864, vii,
p. 27.
Cape Schanck, Victoria, its Basalts and Caves. Ibid. 1864, vii, p. 174.
On the Eocene Beds of Schnapper Point, Victoria. Ibid. 1864, vii, p. 220.
Notes on the Geology of Hobart Town. Trans. R. 8oc. Vict. 1865, vi, p. 131 ;
Geoh Mag. ii, p. 491.
On the Wealden Formation of Europe, as illustrated by the Physical Features of
Port PhUlip Bay. Trans. R. Soc. Vic. 1865, vi, p. 159.
Victoria as a field for Geologists. Ibid. 1866, vii, p. 15.
— The Probable Astronomical Causes of the Contortions in Paleeozic Strata, and the
prevailing Meridional Strike of the Older Rocks in Victoria. Ibid. 1866, vii, p. 54.
— Notes on a Geological Trip over the Coal Basin of New South Wales. Ibid, 1868,
viii, p. 1.
— Notes on the various Theories as to the Origin of Species. Ibid. 1868, ix, p. 85.
Haetley, Bowenfells, and Wallerawang — Geological Map of — see Wilkinson (C. S.).
Hatchett (C.) An Analysis of the Earthy Substance from New South Wales, called
Sydneia or Terra Australis. Phil. Trans. 1798, Ixxxviii, pp. 110-129.
Haueb (F. von) Das neueiitdeckte Gold Vorkommen in Australien. Jahrb. K. K.
Geologische Reichsanstalt, Wien, 1852, iii, pp. 148-152.
Haughton (Rev. S.) Manual of Geology, pp. xii and 360 (8vo. London, 1865) (Fossil
Marsupials, pp. 327-334).
4 *
52 CATALOGUE.
Haushoper (Dr. K.) Mineralogische Notizen. Jour, fur Prakt. Chemte. 1869, cvii, pp.
328-331 (Oranbourne Meteorite, p. 330).
The Meteorite found near Cranbourne, Australia. Chern. News, 1870, xxi, p. 12.
Haytee (H. H.) The Victorian Year-Book, for the year 1874, pp. vi and 248 (8vo.
Melbourne, 1875) (Notes on Discovery of Gold in Australia).
— Notes on the Colony of Victoria: Historical, Geographical, Meteorological, and
Statistical (Victorian Year-Book), 2nd ed. &o. pp. 214 (870. Melbourne, 1876), with
map (Gold and Gold Fields, pp. 28, 436, &c.).
(W. H.) Appendix to Key to Fortune in New Lands. I, The Colony of Victoria,
pp. 1-54 (Mineral Products, p. 40) — see also Knight (W. H.).
Heaton (J. H.) Australian Dictionary of Dates and Men of the Time : containing the
History of Australasia from 1542 to date, pp. 317 (870. Ix)ndon, 1879).
Hectob (Dr. J.) On the Belemnites found in New Zealand. Trans. New Zealand hisi.
1878, X, pp. 484^89, pis. 22 and 23 [B. Australis, p. 487).
— On the relative ages of the Australian, Tasmanian, and Now Zealand Coal Fields,
Trans. {Proceedings) N. Zealand Inst. 1878, x, pp. 532-533.
On the Geological Formations of New Zealand as compared with those of
Australia. Jour. R. 8oc. N. 8. Wales, 1880, xiii, pp. 65-80.
Hedley (Dr.) Coal-Boring Section— ^ee Selwyn (A. R. C), 1863, Report, No. 86.
Helpman (Lieut.) Report on an Expedition to examine Coal discovered on the Irwin
River, Western Australia, in 1846. Jour. B. Geogr. Soc. 1848, xviii, pp. 38-44,
with map.
Hbndieson (Capt.) Excursions and Adventures in New South Wales, &c. together with
a prefatory chapter on the Gold Fields, comprising all the Information received up
to the Autumn of 1854, &c. 2nd edit. (2 vols. 8vo. London, 1854) (Gold Fields, i,
pp. i-xxxi; Mt. Wingan, i, p. 171; Geological Remarks, ii, pp. 90-95).
Herapath (W.) Copy of Analysis of ''White Coal or Bituminous Sand, from Australia.''
Trans, of N. England Inst. Mining Engineers, 1856, iv, p. 191.
HiQGS (S., jun.) Some Remarks on the Mining District of Yorke's Peninsula, South
Australia. Trans. B. Geol. Soc. Cornwall, 1875, ix, pt. 1, pp. 122-131.
HiLLiARD (W. E.) Report on the Calliope and BoyneGold Fields, Queensland, for 1867,
pp. 1 (fcap. Brisbane, 1868).
Hills— Height above the Level of the Sea of some of the Higher Parts of Victoria.
8myth*s Progress Beport, Oeol. Survey, Vict. No. 2, 1375, pp. 47-51.
HoBSON (Dr. E. C.) On some Fossil Bones discovered at Mount Macedon. Tas. Jour,
Nat. Sc. 1843, ii, p. 208 (plate).
On the Fossil Bones at Moupt Macedon. IhUh 1845, ii, No. 9, p. 311,
^ CA>TALOau£.
Hood (T. H. Cockburn) New Zealand a Post Glacial Centre of Creation. Trans. New
Zealand Inst. 1878, x, pp. 3-24.
HooKEB (J. D.) On the Examination of some Fossil Wood from Macquarie Plains,
Tasmania. Ta^. Jour, Nat. Science, i, pp. 24-26.
Hopkins (Evan) On the Geology of the Gold-bearing Bocks of the World, and the
Gold Fields of Victoria in particular (8vo. Melbourne, 1853).
On the Coal Formation of Victoria. Mining Jour. 1854, xxiv, pp. 370, 426.
The Gold Fields of Victoria. Ihid. 1854, xxiv, p. 113.
On the Geological Formation of the Gold-bearing Rocks of Victoria. Qaart.
Jour. GeoL Soc. 1854, x, p. 324.
On the Gold-bearing districts of the World. Brit. Asftoc. Deport for 1855, pt. 2,
p. 83(1856).
The Gold Fields of the Colony of Victoria, No. 1. Mining Jonr. 1857, xxvii,
p. 120; No. 2, I6id. p. 163.
Gold Quartz Mining in Australia — Increased Poverty in Depth. Ihid. 1861,
XXX, p. 539.
Gold Mining in Victoria, &c. Ihid. pp. 171, 241.
'- Sir Roderick Murchison and the Rev. Dr. Gumming. Fiery Globe and the
Australian Gold Fields. Ihid. 1861, xxxi, p. 731.
(W.) Anniversary Presidential Address to the Geological Society. Quart. Jour.
OeoL 8oc^ 1852, viii (Geology of Australia, p. Iv).
HoPKiNSON (J.) and Lapworth (C.) Descriptions of the Gcaptolites of the Aremg and
Llandoilo Rocks of St. Dayid's. Ibid. 1875, xxxi, pp. 631-72, t. 33-37 (Refs. to
Australian Graptolites).
floRNE (R. H.) Australian Facts and Prospects (8vo. London, 1850).
HosKEN (Lieut. H.) Remarks about the New Hebrides Group. Geol. Mag. 1876, Dec. 2j
iii, p. 82.
HoTSON (J.) Report to the Directors of the Victoria Coal Mining Company on the Cape
Patterson Coal Fields. Appendix A 1, Progi'ess Report, Select Committee on Cape
Patterson Coal Fields, 1864-65, pp» 49*51.
Second Report to the Directors of the Victoria Coal Company, on the Cape
Patterson Coal Fields. Appendix A 2, Progress Report, Select Committee on Cape
Patterson Coal Fields, 1864-65, pp. 51-54.
UowiTT (A. W.) On the Gold Fields of Victoria, between the Snowy Riter and thd
boundary of New South Wales. Smyth's Gold Fields and Min* DistricU, Victi
1869, pp. 113-125.
CATAIiOQUl!. 55
Howrrr (A. W.) Notes on the Geology of part of the Mitchell River Division of the
Oippsland Mining District. Smyth's Progress Report, No. 2, GeoL Survey, Vict,
1875, pp. 59-73.
■ * Notes on the Geology of the Ovens District, with Remarks on the Deep Leads.
Ibid. 1 875, pp. 74-82 (with Sketch Section from Wahgnnyah to Mt. Stanley, near
Beechworth. Scale: Hor, 180 chains to 1 inch. Vert. 2000 ft. to 1 inch).
— — Notes on the Microscopic Examination of Igneons Rock Specimens from Sontli*
western Gippsland. Smyth's Progress Beport, No. 3, Oeol. Survey, Vict. 1876, pp.
175-177.
— Notes on the Devonian Rocks of North Gippsland. Ihid. 1876, pp. 181-249,
with the following Map and Sections : —
(a) Geological Sketch Map of Mt. Tambo and park of Bindi. Scale : 80 chains to 1 inch, (b) Sketch
Sections across ditto. Scale : Uor. 50 chains to 1 inch, Vert 2000 ft. to 1 inch, (c) Sketch Section
from Baimsdale to Albnry, K. S. Wales. Scale : Hot. 8 miles to 1 inch, Vert. 8000 ft. to 1 inch.
(d) Sketch Section from ^Baimsdale to Snowy River. Scale : Uor. 4 miles to 1 inch, Vert. 4000 ft.
to 1 inch, (e) Sketch Section across the Wombargo Mountain from the Limestone River to the
Snowy River. Scale : Hw, 1 inch to 4 miles, Vert. 1 inch to 4000 ft.
Notes on the Geological Structure of North Gippsland. Couchman's Progress
Bfiport, for 1876, No. 4, Geol. Survey, Vict. 1877, pp. 75-117, pi. 1 (sections and
views).
— Notes on the Geology of Part of the Mitchell River Division of the Mining
District of Gippsland. Ibid, for 1876, No. 4, Ibid. 1877, pp. 118-126 (sections).
-— — Examination of Rock Specimens collected by R. A. F. Murray and A. W.
Howitt, at the Bogong and Dargo High Plains. Ibid. No. 5, 1878, pp. 111-117.
" ■ ' - Notes on the Devonian Rocks of North Gippsland. Ibid. 1878, pp. 117-144
(sections, views, and plate of rock sections).
Remarks on Rock samples collected by Mr. R, A. P. Muri'ay, from the
Avon River, Mount Wellington, &c. Ibid. 1878, pp. 144-147.
— Notes on the Physical Geography and Geology of North Gippsland, Victoria.
Quart Jouri Oeol. Soc. 1879, xxxv, pt. 1, pp. 1-41 (sections, &c.).
— The Diorites and Granites of Swift's Creek and their Contact Zones, with
Notes on the Auriferous Deposits. Trans. B. Soc. Vict. 1880, xvi, pp. 11-18.
— Geological Survey Map of part of the Mitchell River Division of the Gippsland
Mining District, Victoria. Scale: 40 chains to 1 inch. With two horizontal
sections. Scale : 40 chains to 1 inch, horizontal ; 1000 feet to 1 inch vertical.
— (W.) Land, Labour, and Gold, &c. (2 vols. 8vo. London, 1855) (The History of
the Discovery of Gold, ii, pp. 253-260).
— The History of Discovery in Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand, frdm the
earliest date to the present (2 vols. 8vo. London, 1865) (Geological noted scattered
through).
oG CATALOGUE.
flowoRTH (H. H.) Recent cliauges in the Southern Circumpolar Region. Jour. JJ.
Geogr. 8oc, 1874, xliv, pp. 252-262.
HovELL (W. H.) and Hume (H.) Journey of Discovery to Port Phillip, New South
Wales, in 1824 and 1825, pp. 97 (8v6. Sydney, 1837) (Geological items scattered
through ; soil, &c.).
Hughes (W.) The Australian Colonies : their Origin and .Present condition, pp.
307 (8vo. London, 1852) (Minerals of S. Australia, p. 205 ; Van Dieman's Land,
p. 230 ; Gold Fields, p. 255).
Hull (Prof. E.) The Coal Fields of Great Britain, &c. (8vo. London, 1861) (The
Victorian Coal Beds, p. 153) — 2nd edition, 1861 (Australian Coal Fields,
pp. 202-204)— 3rd edition, 1873 (ditto, pp. 366-387)— 4th edition, 1881 (ditto,
pp. 418-432).
On the New South Wales Coal Field. Proc. Lit. and Phil, Soc, Mancliester,
1864, iii, pp. 38-39.
A Treatise on the Building and Ornamental Stones of Great Britain and
Foreign Countries, pp. 333 (8vo. London, 1872) (Australian Malachite, p. 189).
(H. M.) The Experience of Forty Years in Tasmania (12mo. London, 1859)
(Coal, p. 29; Gold, p. 47).
Hume (W. C.) Report on the Queensland Tin Fields, pp. 31 (870.).
Hunt (J.) Diamond Mining in Now South Wales. Mining Jour. 1870, xl, p. 93.
Mount Bischoff Tin Mines, Tasmania. Ibid. 1874, xliv, p. 207.
On Mining in Tasmania. Ibid, 1875, xlv, p. 539.
(R.) The History and Statistics of Gold. Lecture 6, Lectures on Gold,
2ud edition, 1853, pp. 107-207.
HuTTON (Capt. F. W., now Prof.) Did the Cold of the Glacial Epoch extend over
the Southern Hemisphere ? Geol. Mag, 1875, Dec. 2, ii, pp. 581-88.
Report on the Cargo Gold Field. Mines and M literal StatislicSj N. S. Wales,
/(^r 1874, pp. 41-45.
Huxley (Prof. T. H.) On some Amphibian and Reptilian Remains from South
Africa and Australia. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc, 1859, xv, pp. 642-649 ; Geologist, ii,
p. 207.
On the Premolar Teeth of Dijprotodon, and on a New Species of that Genus.
Ibid, 1862, xviii, p. 422; Ibid, v, p. 310.
— ' — On the Formation of Coal. Contemp. Review, 1870, xv, pp. 618-629 (Australian
"White Coal,** p. 625); Critiques and Addresses, 1873, No. 5 (8vo. I^ondon^ 1873)
(Australian '' White Coal,'* p. 103).
58 CATALOGUB.
Jannettaz (E.) Sur les roches de la Nouvelle Caledonie. Bull. Soc. OeoL de France,
2e ser. xxiv, pp. 451-453.
Note sur des Minerals de Cuivre de la Nouvelle Caledonie. Ibid, 1875, 3 ser. iii,
pp. 54-55.
Jardine (J.) A Description of the Neighbourliood of Somerset, Cape York, Queensland.
Jour. B. Geogr. Soc, 1866, xxxvi, p. 76.
Report on Gold Fields in the Eockhampton District, Queensland, pp. 3
(fcap. Brisbane, 1867).
Annual Report on the Rockhainpton Gold Fields of the year 1867, pp. 2 (fcap.
Brisbane, 1868).
Report on the Gold Fields, Rockhampton District, Queensland, pp. 3
(fcap. Brisbane, 1869).
Jbppeeys (Lieut. C.) Van Dieman's Land. Geographical and Descriptive Delineations
of the Island of Van Dieman's Land, pp. vi and 168 (8vo. London, 1820) (Ores,
&c. p. 113).
Jekkins (C.) On the Geology of Yass ^Plains ; First Paper. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8.
Wales, 1878, iii, pt. 1, pp. 21-32 ; Second Paper, Ibid. 1879, iii, pt. 3, pp. 216-221,
t. 17 ; Third Paper, Ibid. 1879, iv, pt. 4, pp. 404-408.
(H. M.) On the occurrence of a Tertiary Species of Trigonia in Australia.
Quart Jowr. Science, 1865, ii, p. 362.
On the occurrence of a Recent Species of Trigonia {T. Lamarkii), in Tertiary
Deposits in Australia. Oeoh Maxj. 1866, iii, p. 201.
On the Tertiary Deposits in Victoria. OolU Guardian^ 1868, xvi, jf. 246;
Geoh Mag. 1869, v, p. 566; Brit. Assoc. Report for 1868, pt. 2, p. 70 (title
only).
Jevons (W. S.) The Australian Gold Fields. Mem, Manchester Lit. Phil. 8oe. 1862, i,
pp. 115.130.
JoHKSoK ( — ) Report on the Bathurst> Tambaroora, and Turon Mining District
Mines and Mineral Statistics, N, S. Wales, for 1874, pp. 27-28.
Johnston (R. M.) Regarding the Composition and Extent of certain Tertiary Beds
in and around Laonceston, Tas* Papers and Proc. B. Soc. Tas. for 1873
(August), pp. 34-48 (section and plates).
— — The Latinceston Tertiary Basin ; Second Paper. Ibid, for 1874 (August),
pp. 29 and 53-6^ (plate).
Further Notes on the Tertiary Marine Beds at Table Cape, Tasmaniai tbid.
for 1876, pp. 79*90 f. (1877) ; GeoL Mag, 1877, Dec. 2, iv, p. 417.
— On the Echinodermata from ditto. Papers and Proc. B. Soc. Tas. fof 1876,
p. 116.
CATALOGUE. o9
Johnston (R. M.) Tasmanite or Mersey '^Yellow Coal/' pp. 8 (Hobarfc Town,
1877, 8vo.).
Notes on certain Tertiary and Post Tertiary Deposits, on Flinders, Barren,
Badger, and other Islands in Bass' Straits. Papers and Proc, P, Soc, Tas, for
1878 (1879), pp. 41-50 (with sections).
Note on the Discovery of Spondylodrolus 8 myth a (von Mueller)^ and other
Fossil Fraits in the Deep Lead Drift at Brandy Creek Gold Field. Ibid, fur 1879
(1880), pp. 25-26.
Third Contribution to the Natural History of the Tertiary Marine Beds of Tablo
Cape, with a Description of 30 New Species of Mollusca. Ibid, for 1879 (1880),
pp. 29-41.
Notes on the Distribution and Variability of Tasmanian Laud Shells. Ibid.
for 1879 (1880), pp. 44-53.
Notes on the Eolations of the Yellow Limestone {Travertin), of Geilston Bay,
with other Fluviatile and Lacustrine Deposits in Tasmania and Australia, together
with Descriptions of two New Fossil Helices. Ibid, for 1879 (1880), pp. 81-90.
«
JotBEET (J.) Map and Information for Emigrants to Sydney, New South Wales,
Australia, compiled by order of the Committee of the Agricultural Society of
New South Wales, &c. with letterpress, 1873 (Shows the areas of the Gold and
Coal Fields).
Jukes (Prof. J. B.) A few Kemarks on the Nomenclature and Classification of Rock
Formations in Now Countries. Tan. Jour. Nat» Science, ii, pp. 1-12.
Sketch of the Geological Structure of Australia. Brit. Assoc. Report for 1846,
pt. 2, pp. 68-69 j Froriep. Notizen, iii, col. 229-231 ) Tas. Jour. Nat. 8c. 1846,
iii. No. 3, pp. 220-228.
Notes on the PalseoEoic Formations of New South Wales and Van Dieman^s Land.
(luari. Jour. Geol. 8oc» 1847, iii, pp. 241-249.
— Narrative of the Surveying Voyage of H.M.S* "Fly^^ in Torres Straits, New
Guinea, and other Islands of the Eastern Archipelago, during the years 1842-1846
(2 vols. 8vo. London, 1847).
— On the Gteology of the Coasts of Australia. Quart. Jour. Oeol. Soc. 1848, iv,
p. 142; Edinb. N. Phil. Jour. 1848, xlv, pp. 187 and 188.
— Sketch of the Physical Structure of Australia, so far as it is at present known
(8vo. London, 1850).
— The Geology of Australia, with Special Keference to the Gold Regions. Lectures
on Gold, 2nd ed. 1853, pp. 2-37.
A Scheol Manual of Geology (8vo. Edinburgh, 1862), pp. 131, 132, 364, 394
899, 408, 434, 533, 598, 600, 697.
SS CATALOGUB.
Jannettaz (E.) Sur les roches de la Nouvelle Caledonie. Bull. 8oc. Oeol. de France,
2e ser. xxiv, pp. 451-453.
Note sur des Minerals de Cuivre de la Nouvelle Caledonie. Ibid. 1875, 3 ser. iii,
pp. 54-55.
Jardine (J.) A Description of the Neighbourliood of Somerset, Cape York, Queensland.
Jmcr. B. Geogr. Soc. 1866, xxxvi, p. 76.
Report on Gold Fields in the Rockhampton District, Queensland, pp. 3
(fcap. Brisbane, 1867).
Annual Report on the Rockhampton Gold Fields of the year 1867, pp. 2 (fcap.
Brisbane, 1868).
Report on the Gold Fields, Rockhampton District, Queensland, pp. 3
(fcap. Brisbane, 1869).
Jbppeeys (Lieut. C.) Van Dieman^s Land. Geographical and Descriptive Delineations
of the Island of Van Dioman's Land, pp. vi and 168 (8vo. London, 1820) (Ores,
&c. p. 113).
Jenkins (C.) On the Geology of Yass Tlains ; First Paper. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8.
Wales, 1878, iii, pt. 1, pp. 21-32 ; Second Paper, Ibid. 1879, iii, pt. 3, pp. 216-221,
t. 17 ; Third Paper, Ibid. 1879, iv, pt. 4, pp. 404-408.
(H. M.) On the occurrence of a Tertiary Species of Trigonia in Australia.
Quart. Jaur. Science, 1865, ii, p. 362.
On the occurrence of a Recent Species of Trigonia [T. Lainarkii), in Tertiary
Deposits in Australia. Oeol, Mag. 1866, iii, p. 201.
On the Tertiary Deposits in Victoria. ColL Guardian, 1868, xvi, p. 246;
Geol. Mag. 1869, v, p. 566; Brit. Aesoc. Report for 1868, pt. 2, p. 70 (title
only).
Jbvons (W. S.) The Australian Gold Fields* Mem, Manchester Lit. Phil. Soc. 1862, i,
pp. 115.130.
JoHKSoK ( — ) Report on the Bathurst> Tambaroora, and Turon Mining District
Mines and Mineral Statistics, N, S. Wales, for 1874, pp. 27-28.
Johnston (B. M.) Regarding the Composition and Extent of certain Tertiary Beds
in and around Laonceston, Tas* Papers and Proc. R. Soc. Tas. fof 1873
(August), pp. 34-48 (section and plates).
— — The Launceston Tertiary Basin ; Second Paper. Ibid, for 1874 (August),
pp. 29 and 53^6^ (plate).
Further Notes on the Tertiary Marino Beds at Table Cape, Tasmania, tbid..
for 1876, pp. 79-90 f. (1877) ; Geoh Mag. 1877, Dec. 2, \y, p. 417.
-= On the Echinodermata from ditto. Papers and Proc. It. Soc. Tas. Jbf 1876,
p. 116.
CATALOOtTE. 69
Johnston (R. M.) Tasmanite or Mersey '^Yellow Coal," pp. 8 (Hobarfc Town,
1877, 8vo.).
Notes on certain Tertiary and Post Tertiary Deposits, on Flinders, Barren,
Badger, and other Islands in Bass' Straits. Papers and Proc, R. Soc. Tas, for
1878 (1879), pp. 41-50 (with sections).
Note on the Discovery of Spondylostrohns Smytlnl (von Mueller), and other
Fossil Fruits in the Deep Lead Drift at Brandy Creek Gold Field. I bid. for 1879
(1880), pp. 25-26.
Third Contribution to the Natural History of the Tertiary Marine Beds of Tablo
Cape, with a Description of 30 New Species of Mollusca. Ibid, for 1879 (1880),
pp. 29-41.
Notes on the Distribution and Variability of Tasmanian Laud Shells. Ibid,
for 1879 (1880), pp. 44-53.
Notes on the Eolations of the Yellow Limestone {Travertin), of Geilston Bay,
with other Fluviatile and Lacustrine Deposits in Tasmania and Australia, together
with Descriptions of two New Fossil Helices. Ibid, for 1879 (1880), pp. 81-90.
«
JoUBERT (J.) Map and Information for Emigrants to Sydney, New South Wales,
Australia, compiled by order of the Committee of the Agricultural Society of
New South Wales, &c. with letterpress, 1873 (Shows the areas of the Gold and
Coal Fields).
Jukes (Prof. J. B.) A few Kemarks on the Nomenclature and Classification of Rock
Formations in Now Countries. Tas. Jour. Nat. Science, ii, pp. 1-12.
Sketch of the Geological Structure of Australia. Brit. Assoc. Report for 1846,
pt. 2, pp. 68-69 ; Froriep. Notizen, iii, coL 229-231 ) Tas. Jour. Nat. Sc. 1846,
iii. No* 3, pp. 220^223.
Notes on the PalseoEoic Formations of New South Wales and Van Dieman^s Land.
Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc^ 1847, iii, pp* 241-249.
— Narrative of the Surveying Voyage of H*M*S« "Fly'^ in Torres Straits> New
Quinea, and other Islands of the Eastern Archipelago, during the years 1842-1846
(2 vols. 8vo. London, 1847).
— On the Geology of the Coasts of Australia. Quart. Jour. Oeol. Soc. 1848, iv,
p. 142 ; Edinb. N. Phil. Jour. 1848, xlv, pp. 187 and 188.
— Sketch of the Physical Structure of Australia, so &r as it is at present known
(8vo. London, 1850).
— The Geology of Australia, with Special Keference to the Gold Regions. Lectures
an Gold, 2nd ed. 1853, pp. 2-37.
A School Manual of Geology (8vo. Edinburgh, 1862), pp. 131, 132, 364, 394
899, 408, 434, 533, 598, 600, 697.
60 CATALOGUE.
Jukes (Prof. J. B.) Notes on Parts of South Devon and Cornwall, witli Remarks
on the true Relations of the Old Red Sandstone to the Devonian Formation. Jour,
Geol. Soc. Ireland, 1868, ii, pt. 1, pp. 67-107 (Reference to Australian Brachiopoda,
p. 100).
and Geikie (A.) The Student's Manual of Geology, 3rd edition, pp. 778 (8vo.
Edinburgh, 1872) (Australia, pp. 304, 419, 603, and 649, &c.).
Kangaroos, Extinct — see Clarke (Rev. W. B.) ; Garrod (H. A.) ; Owen (Prof. R.).
Kay (W. p.) On Grey Granite from Goose Island, Bass's Straits. Proc. R. I^oc.
V. D. Landy 1852, ii, pt. i, p. 148.
Kayseb (B. a.) Geological and Mining Report on the Etheridge Gold Field, N.
Queensland. The Queenslander, 1875, n. ser. x. No. 11, p. 24.
— 7- Report on the Country traversed between the Gilbert River and Taldora,
Queensland, pp. 7 (fcap. Brisbane, 1876) ; also The Qucendander, 1876, n. ser. xii
(August 19th), p. 26.
Keene (W.) On the Newcastle Coal Field. Cut, Xat, and Indiist, Products, N. S,
Wales, 1854, pp. 57 and 58 (4to. Sydney, 1854).
Notes on the Coal, Iron and Copper of New South Wales. Cat. Nat, a?kZ Luimt.
Products exhibited hi the Australian Museum, Paris Exhib. Comm, pp. 57-60
(4to. Sydney, 1854).
On Coal in the Valley of the Fitzroy Iron Minos. Mining Jour. 1854, xxiv,
p. 21.
— On the Newcastle Coal Field. British Cat. Exposition Universelle, Paris, 1855,
pp. 109-110 (large 8vo. London, 1855).
Coal and Collieries of New South Wales. The Examiner of Coal Fields to the
Honorable the Commissioners of New South Wales, for the International Exhibitioa
of 1862, pp. 4 (fcap. Newcastle, N. S. W., 1861).
The Coal Fields of New South Wales. Lomlon hiterivatioval EjchibUion of
1862. Cat. Nat. and Industrial Products of N, S, Wales, pp. 48-50 (8vo.
London, 1862) — see Exhibitions, International, 1862 (N. S. Wales).
Description of a Collection of Rocks, Fossils, and Minerals from New South
Wales. Ibid, pp. 58-60 (8vo. London, 1862).
— Our Coal Fields. Waugh's Austr, Almanac for the year 1863, pp. 62-57*
— On the Coal Measures of New South Wales, with Spirifer, Glossoptcris, and
Lepidodendron. (Jeol, Mag. 1864, i, p. 233.
On the Coal Mcnsurcs of New South Wales, with Spirifer, Glossoptdris,
and Lepidodendron. Quart, Jour, Geol, Soc. 1865, xxi, p. 137 ; Phil. Mag. 4th
ser. xxix, p. 239 ; Brit. Assoc. Report for 1864, pt. 2, p. 58.
CATALOGUE. 61
Keknb (W.) On Petroleum Coal Seams. Sydney Morning Herald, 1865, lii, p. 5.
On the Examination of Brown Cannel, or Petroleum Coal Seams at Colley Creek,
Liverpool Plains, New South Wales. Quart. Jour. Geol. Sac. 1866, xxii, p. 485.
On the New South Wales Coal Fields. Cat. Nat. and Indus. Products N, S.
m
Wales, Paris Universelle Exposition, pp. 81-89 (8vo. Sydney, 1867).
- The Coal Fields of New South Wales. Oeol Mag. 1870, vii, p. 587.
- New South Wales Coal Fields, pp. 9 (8vo. Sydney, 1871).
Kblly (W.) Life in Victoria; or, Victoria in 1853, and Victoria in 1858 showing* the
march of improvement made by the Colony within those periods in Town and
Country, Cities and Diggings (8vo. London, 1859).
Kendall (W.) Mineralogy at the Paris Exhibition, Trans. Barrow Field Cluh,
1878^9, iii, pp. 94-104 (Australian Colonies, p. 98).
Kent (J.) On the Physical Geography of Australia. Proc. R. Gecgr. Soc. 1863, vii,
p. 42.
Kenwobthy (Dr. J. R.) Details of Analysis of two samples of Gold from Mount
Alexander (Vict.), and Fingal (Tas.). Proc. R. Soc. V. V. Land, 1853, ii,
pt 2, pp. 313-314, and p. 325.
— — On a second Analysis of Fingal Gold. Ibid» 1853, ii, pt. 2, p. 325.
King (H. E.) Report on the Mary River Gold Fields, Queensland, for 1867,
pp. 2 (fcap. Brisbane, 1868).
(J.) Observations on the Climate and Geology of New South Wales. Edinb.
Jour. Sc. 1828, ix, No. 17, pp. 117-123; Froriep. Notizen. xxi, col. 341-345.
■ (Capt. P. P., R.N.) On the Maritime Geography of Australia. Field's Geograph.
Mem. on N. S. Wales, ^c. 1825, 8vo. pp. 269-296, Geological Notes, p. 287
(A paper read on the 2nd Oct. 1822, before the Philosophical Society of Australia,
and only published as above) .
Narrative of a Survey of the Intertropical and Western Coasts of Australia
performed between the years 1818 and 1822, &c. (London, 2 vols. 8vo. 1826).
Kitto (R. L. M.) The- Gold Fields of Victoria; with Statistics, gathered from the
various Departments of the Victorian Government, and other sources; showing
an immense opening for the safe Investment of Capital in the Australian Gold
Mines, pp. iv and 64 (8vo. Loudon, 1867).
The Gold Fields of Victoria. Mining Jour. 1867, xxxvii, p. 582.
Kjerulp (Th.) and Brtigger (W. C.) Zinnsteinvorkommniss aus New South Wales.
N. Jahrbuch, 1879, p. 566.
Knight (J. G.) The Building Materials of South Australia. Harms* South Australia,
Sfc. 1876, pp. 182 (8vo, London, 1876).
62 CATALOGUK.
Knight (W. H.) Appendix to Key to Fortune in New Lands, ii. The Colony of
Western Australia, pp. 55-60 (Mineral Products, p. 57)— see also Hayter (W. H.).
KoNiNCK (Prof. L. G. de) Notice sur qnelques fossils du Spitzberg. Bull. Acad. It. de
Belgique, 1846, xiii, pt. 1, p. 592 (Australian Pali©oxioic Fauna, p. 5j93).
Monographic dn Genre Vrodndnn. Mem. Soc. Ti. des Sciences de Liege, 184G,
iv, pp. 71-278, pis. 15 {Productus undatus, Defr. p. 156, t. 5, f. 3; P. semireticulatus,
Martin, p. 183, t. 8, f. 1, t. 9, f. 1, t. 10, f. 1 ; P. Fleming ii, Sow. p. 196, t. 10,
fgs. 1! and 3, h ; P. hrachythcerufi, Morris, p. 241, t. 16, f . 1 ; P. Mnrchi^onianus,
de Koninck, p. 245, t. 16, f. 3).
Monographic des Genres Productus et Chouetes, pp. xvii and 246^ pis. 20
(4to. Liege, 1847) {P. nndafns, Defr. p. 59; P. semireticulatus, Martin, p. 83;
p. longispinus, Sow. p. 95; P. suhquadratuR, Morris, p. 100; P. Murchisonianuif,
de Koninck, p. 140; P. hrnchyfhcerus, Morris, p. 102; Chonetes varioMn, p. 206).
— — Memoires dc Pjilcontologie (8vo. Bruxelles, 1857-71) (Catalogue of Fossil
Corals).
Palaeozoische Fossilien aus Australien. Verliandl. K. K. Geologische lieichsanftfalt,
Wien. 1874, p. 31.
Becherches sur les Fossiles pal^ozoiques de la Nouvelle-Galles du Sud
(Australie), pts. 1 and 2, pp. 140, 870. atlas, 4 plates, 4to. 1876; pt. 3, pp. 141-373,
870. atlas, 20 plates, 4to. 1877 (Bruxelles, 1876-77).
Krause (F. M.) Report on the Eastern District of Victoria, between Western Port
Bay and the Tarwin River, occupied by the known coal-bearing rocks of Victoria.
Appendix A. Beport of ihs Board, Western Fori Coal Fields, pp. 21-25
(fcap. Melbourne, 1872).
Report on the Geological and Physical Features of the Cape Otway District.
Smyth's Progress Beport, No. 1, Geoh Survey, Vict. 1874. App. A, pp. 99-109
(with Plan and Sections, Nos. 2-20 of the Coast around Point Castries and
Airey^s Inlet).
Report on the Sandstones of the Grampian Range, Victoria. Ibid. No. 1,
1874, pp. 125-130 (with sketch Plan of site of the Gold Workings on the Glenelg,
long. 142° 14', lat. 37° 08' 30". Scale: 8 chains to 1 inch).
— Geological Survey Map of the Cape Otway District, with a sheet of 23 sections.
Scale: 100 chains to 1 inch (Melbourne, 1874).
— Geological Map of the Country South and West of Ararat. Scale : 40 chains
to 1 inch (Melbourne, 1875).
— Geological Map of the Ararat Gold Field. Scale : 40 chains to 1 inch.
With two horizontal sections — sc^le : 4O0 ft. to 1 inch vertical, 40 chains to 1 inch
horizontal (Melbourne, 1875).
CA?AL0aU8. 6S
Krausjb (P. M.) Notes on the Geological Survey of Ararat, Victoria. Smyth's
Progress Report, No. 2, Geol. Survey Vict. 1875, pp. 93-99.
■■■ Report on the Geological Survey of the Ararat Gold Field. Ibid, No. 3,
1876, pp. 120-13 1.
Notes on the Geological Survey of Creswick. Ooucliman's Progress lief art
for 1870, No. 4, Geol Survey Vict. 1877, pp. 57-68.
Report on the site of proposed Prospecting Operations at Chilwell, Mercer
Hill, Geelong. Gouchman's Progress Report for 1876, No. 4, GeoL Survey,
Vict, 1877, pp. 135-137 (with Geological sketch plan, Mercer Hill, Newton and
Chilwell. Scale : 10 chains to 1 inch).
Report on Site proposed for Prospecting Operations at the Upper Yarra.
Jbid. 1877, p. 138 (with Geological sketch Map and Sections of Country near
Warburton, County of Evelyn. Scale : Hor. 80 chains to 1 inch. Vert, 80 ft. to
1 inch).
" Report on the Hope Company's Mine, Running Creek, Ovens River. Ibid.
1877, pp. 138-144, with—
(a) Sketch Horizontal and Vertical Sections of Lodes and Workings, Hope Claim, Running Creek.
Scale : 80 ft. to the inch, (b) Sketch Flan of part of the Hope Claim, Bunning Creek. Scale :
80 ft. to the inch.
— — Notes on the Auriferous Leads of Middle Pliocene Age of the Creswick Gold
Field. Ibid, No. 5, 1878, pp. 71-78.
Notes on the Geological Survey of Daylesford. Ibid, 1878, pp. 87-95.
Report on the South Extended Sutton Company's Mine, Blackwood. Ilnd. 1878,
pp. 148-152 (with Geological Plan and Section of country in the neighbourhood of
the above. Scale : 10 chains to 1 inch).
The Lai Lai L'on Ore Deposits. Ann, Report, Ballaarat School of Mines, 1881,
pp. 45-50 (plan and section).
Krepft (G.) On the Yertebrated Animals of the Lower Murray and Darling, their
habits, economy, and geographical distribution. Trans. R, Soc, N. S, Wahff,
1862-1865, pp. 1-33 (Ref. to Ganis dingo, pp. 2 and 3).
On the Dentition of Thylacoleo carnifex (Owen). Annals Nat. Hist. 1866,
3rd ser. xviii, p. 148.
The Vertebrata of Tasmania, Recent and Fossil. Trans. R. Soc, N, S, Wales,
for year 1867, i, pp. 30-41.
On the Discovery of a new gigantic Fossil species of Echidna in Australia.
Annals Nat, Hist, 1868, 4th ser. i, p. 113.
Notes on the Fauna of Tasmania. Papors and Proc. R, Soc, Tas, 1868. Appendix,
pp. 91-105.
61 CATALOGUE.
Krefft (G.) On a Restoration of the Lower Incisor of Thylaeoleo carnifex (Owen) ;
and on the Fossil remains of Herbivorous Marsupials in the Australian Museum,
Sydney. Quart, Jour, Geol. Soc, 1870, xxvi, p. 415.
Australian Yertebrata, Fossil and Recent. Gat, Nat, and Industr. rroihtctst of
Nf S, Wales, Paris Univ, Exposition, pp. 90-110 (8vo. Sydney, 1867) ; also as a
separate Pamphlet, pp. 96 (8vo. Sydney, 1871).
Fossil Remains of Mammals, Birds, and Reptiles from the Caves of Wellington
Valley. Ibid, pp. 111-124 (8vo. Sydney, 1867).
-r — Uber fossilo Beutelthiere in dem Museum von Sydney. Nenes Jahrburh, 1871,
p. 331.
Review of a Cuvierian Principal in Palaaontology, tested by evidence of an extinct
Leonine Marsupial {Thylaeoleo carnifex, Owen) by Prof. Owen. Annah and Mag,
Nat, m^t, 1872, 4th sek ix, p. 169.
— Review of Prof. Owen's Papers on the Fossil Mammals of Australia. Sydney
Mail, 1873 (Aug. 23rd) ; Verhandl, K, K, GeoL npichsaiisfalt, Wien, xxiii,
p. 301.
— Catalogue of the Minerals and Rocks in the Collection of the Australian Museum,
pp. 115 (8vo. Sydney, 1873).
— On the Further Discovery of Remains of a Great Extinct Wingless Bird in
Australia. Oeol, Mag, 1874 (Dec. 2), i, p. 46.
— Remarks on the Working of the Molar Teeth of the Diprotodons. Quart, Jour.
Geol Soc. 1875, xxxi, pp. 317-18.
— Remarks on Prof. Owen^s Arrangement of the Fossil Kangaroos. Annals
and Mag, Nat, Hist, 1875, 4th ser. xv, pp. 204-209; Sydney Mail, 1874 (Dec.
26th).
— Further discoveries of Ossiferous Caverns in New South Wales. GeoL Mag,
1876 (Dec. 2), iii, p. 520.
KusTEL (G.) A Treatise on Concentration of all kinds of Ores ; including the Chlor-
mation Process for Gold-bearing Sulphurets, Aseniurets, and Gold and Silver
Ores generally, pp. 259, plans (8vo. San Francisco, 1868).
Lambert (C. H.) Report on the Peak Downs Gold Field, Queensland, for the year
1867, pp. 2 (fcap. Brisbane, 1868).
Lancelot! (F.) Australia as it is : its Settlements, Farms, and Gold Fields (2 vols.
8vo. London, 1852) (Information concerning the discovery and working of Gold
in New South Wales, i, pp. 274-317; ii, pp. 1-45. The Gold Fields of Victoria, ii,
pp. 119-143).
*
Landslips — see Wintle (S. H.).
CATALOGUE. 65
Lang (Rev. Dr. J. D.) Additional Information illustrative of the Natural History of
the Australian Bone Caves and Osseous Breccia. Edinb. N. Phil, Jour, 1831, xxiv,
p. 368; Jahrb.fnr Minerahgie, 1832, p. 112.
— — Ankiindigung der Entdeckung von Knochenholilen in Wellington Valley, 210
englischen Meilen westlich von Sydney in Neu Holland. Ihid, 1832, p. 111.
An Historical and Statistical Account of New South Wales, &c. (2 vols. 8vo.
London, 1834) (Geological Notes, ii, 1834, pp. 171-183); 4th edit. (2 vols. 8vo.
London, 1875) (vol. ii, Geol. Notes, pp. 68, 320, 503. Map showing position of
Coal and Gold Fields).
Latta (J.) On &on Pyrites. Trans. JR, Soc. N. S. Wales, for year 1874, pp. 35-40.
Lattorpp (H.) On a Well Section, at about ten to eleven miles west from Lake Torrens,
near Wbittata. Trans. B. Soc. 8. Australia, 1880, iii, p. 181.
Laube (Dr. G. C.) Uber einige Fossile Echiniden von den Murray Cliffs in Siid-Austra-
lien. Sttz. d. Math. Natur. d. K. AJcad, d. Wisseiisch, Wien, 1869, lix, abth. i, p.
183 (with plate) ; N. Jalirhuch, 1870, p. 656.
Lead in Victoria. Coll, Guardian, 1866, xii, p. 333.
see Stagg (R.) ; Trcmenheere (S.) ; Wintle (S. H.).
Lee (Dr. R.) Notes on a sample of Oil, obtained by distillation from the Mersey Shale.
Proc, It. Soc. r. D. Land, 1855, iii, pt. 1, pp. 187-188.
Leproy (H. M.) Memoir and Journal of an Expedition organized by the Colonial
Government of Western Australia, at the request and with the aid of the Agricul-
tural Society of the York District of that Colony, for the purpose of exploring the
Interior of the Colony eastward of that District, &c. pp. 38 (fcap. Perth, 1863),
with small map.
Narrative of an Exploring Expedition into the Interior of Western Australia'
Proc, B. Geogr. Soc. 1864, viii, pp. 45-46.
LiSBius (Dr. A.) On Osmiridium and Iridium obtained from New South Wales Gold.
Trans. Phil. Soc. N. S. WaUs, 1862-65, p. 210.
Separating Gold from Argentic Chloride. Trans. B. Soc. N. S. Wales, for year
1872, pp. 67-70.
Assaying Antimony Ore. Ibid. pp. 71-72.
Remarks on Tin Ore. Ibid. pp. 73-74.
Leichhabdt (L.) Scientific Excursions in New Holland. Lond. Jour. Bot. 18i5, iv, pp.
278-291.
Journal of an Overland Expedition in Australia from Moreton Bay to Port
Essington during the years 1844-1845 (8vo. London, 1847).
— RepoH of an Expedition from Moreton Bay to Port Essington, Sydney, Australia,
March 26th. Tas. Jour. Nat. Sc. 1846, iii, pp. 18-51 ; Jour. B. Geogr. Soc. 1846,
xvi, pp. 211-238.
GC CATAIiOOUK.
Leichhardt (L.) Lectures on the Geology, Botany, Nataral History, and Capabilities of
the Country between Moreton Bay and Port Essington. Taa. Jour. Nat. Science,
iii. No. 2, pp. 81-113.
IJber die Kohlenlager von Newcastle in Neu Holland. Zeitschrift der Dents,
Geol. Oesellsch. 1849, i, pp. 44-52, pi. 1.
Letters and Remarks on the Bones brought to Sydney by Mr. Turner, addressed
to Prof. Owen and Rev. W. B. Clarke. Papers relative to OeoL Surveys, N. S.
Wales, Dec. 21st, pp. 15-17 (fcap. Sydney, 1853) ; Pari BU^ Booh, Dec. 1854, pp.
42-45 (folio, London, 1855).
Journal of Dr. Leichhardt's Third Expedition, edited by the Rev. W. B. Clarke,
M.A. &c. Waugh's Aicstr, Almanac for the year 1860, pp. 54-66.
Notes on the Geology of Parts of New South Wales and Queensland, made in
1842-43. Published in Germany in 1847. Translated by G. H. F. Ubich, Esq. (of
the Geological Survey of Victoria), and edited by the Rev. W. B. Clarke, m.a., f.o.s.,
pt. 1, pp. 55, pt. 2, pp. 25 (8vo. Sydney, iu d. [? 1866]) ; Ibid, for 1867, pp. 29-55.
Geologic von Australien — see Girard (Prof. H.).
Lewis (J. W.) South Australia. Journal of Mr. Lewis's Lake Eyre Expedition, 1874-5,
No. 19, pp. 42 (fcap. [? Adelaide], 1875) (Minerals, Fossils, p. 42).
South Australia. Report on the Lake Eyre Expedition, No. 114, pp. 3 (fcap.
[f Adelaide], 18.75), with map.
(T.) The Half-yearly Report of the Inspector of Collieries for the half-year ending
31st December, 1877, on the State of the various Collieries in New South Wales,
and accidents therein. Ann. Report, Dept, of Mines, N. 8. Wales, for 1877, pp.
193-196.
— The Half-yearly Report of the Inspector of Collieries on the State of the
Collieries in the various Districts in New South Wales, and accidents therein, for the
half-year ending 31st Dec. 1878. Annual Report, Dept. of Mines, N. S. Wales, for
1878, pp. 146-148.
The Half-yearly Report of the Inspector of Collieries on the State of the various.
Collieries in New South Wales, &c. Ibid, for 1879, pp. 210-212.
LnofSKY (Dr. J.) Sketches of Tasman's Peninsula. Information for the People, No. 1
(8vo. [? Hobart Town], n. d.) (A Reference to Geological Map of Tasmap's
Peninsula).
A Journey from Sydney to the Australian Alps, undertaken in the months of
January, February, and March, 1834, &c. pp. 118 (8vo. Sydney, 1835) (Contains
large amount of Geological and other scientific information).
Titanium in Australia. Mining Jour. 1861, xxx, p. 434.
The Metal Sands of Australia. Ibid. 1861, xxx, p. 454.
68 CATALOQUE.
LivBRSiDGE (Prof. A.) Note on a Mineral from New South Wales, presumed to be
Laumonite. Min» Mag. and Jour. Min. Soc. Gt. Brit, and Ireland, 1876, No. 2,
p. 54.
Report upon Mineral and other Substances examined for the Mining Dept. N. S.
Wales, during the year 1876. Ann, Report, Dept. of Mines, N. S. Wales, for 1876,
pp. 181-84 (1877).
On Examples of Pseudo-Crystallization (8vo. Sydney, 1877).
On the occurrence of Chalk in the New Britain Group. Oeoh Mag. 1877, Dec. 2,
iv, pp. 529-584; Jour. R. Soc. N. 8. Wales, for 1877, xi, pp. 85-91 (1878).
AnalyiBes of Auriferous Tailings from New South Wales. Ann, Report, Dept, of
Mines, N, S. Wales, for 1877, pp. 14-19.
Analyses of Samples of Coal from New South Wales. Ibid, 1877, pp. 24-29.
Report on the character and value of the Copper Ores of New South Wales. Ibid,
1877, pp. 34-37.
Report on the Theoretical Calorific Power of certain Samples of New South
Wales Coal. Ibid, 1877, p. 209.
— Report upon Mineral Specimens examined for the Mining Dept. of New South
Wales for the year 1877. Ibid. 1877, pp. 210-212.
— Table showing the' results of Analysis of samples of Quartz Tailings, and other
waste Gold-bearing products. Ibid, for 1878, pp. 12-13.
The International Congress of Geologists, Paris, 1878. Trans, R, Soc. N, 8.
Wales, for 1879, xiii, pp. 35-42.
— Tables showing the Percentage Composition of Coals in the Northern, Western,
and Southern Districts of N. S. Wales. Ann, Report, Dept. of Mines, N. 8, Wales,
for 1879, pp. 29-30.
— Legislative Assembly, New South Wales. Report upon certain Museums
for Technology, Science, and Art, also upon Scientific, Professional, and Technical
Instruction, &c. pp. 237 (fcap. Sydney, 1880).
— On the Composition of some New South Wales Coals, pp. 32 (8vo. Sydney, 1881).
— On the Composition of some Wood enclosed in Basalt, pp. 3 (8vo. Sydney, 1881).
— On some New South Wales Minerals, pp. 13 (8vo. Sydney, 1881).
— Analysis of Queensland soils. Jour. Ohem. Soc, 1881, No. ccxx, pp. 61-63.
Lloyd (G. T.) Thirty-three Years in Tasmania and Victoria, being the actual experience
of the Author, &c. pp. 515 (8vo. London, 1862) (Salt Lakes, p. 396; Volcanic
phenomena, p. 400).
10 CATALOGUlf.
Macdonnell (Sir B. G.) Australia : What it is^ and wliat it may be. A Lectarc^
illustrated by a Map (Dublin, w.d.) (Mineral Springs in the Kewson Hills,
p. 15).
Macgillivray (J.) An Account of Rainess Islet on the North-east Coast of New
Holland. Zoologist, 1846, iv, pp. 1473-1481.
Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. ^^ Rattlesnake,'^ &c. during the years 184G-
1850, to which is added an Account of Mr. B. B. Kennedy's Expedition for the
Exploration of Cape York Peninsula (2 vols. 8vo. London, 1852).
Mackay (A.) A Visit to Sydney and the Cudgygong Diamond Mines (8vo. Melbourne,
1870).
Mackbkzib (D.) Australian Gold Fields (12mo. London, 1852).
(Rev. D.) The Gold Digger : a Visit to the Gold Fields of Australia in February,
1852; together with much useful information for intending Emigrants, pp. xvi and
96 (8vo. London, n.d.) (with Map of the Gold Regions of Victoria and N. S. Wales).
(J.) On a Coal Seam in New South Wales. Gcol. Mag. 1864, i, p. 231.
The Coal Basin of New South Wales. Ibid. 1865, ii, p. 2-35 ; Qnart. Jour. Science,
ii, p. 359 ; Brit. Assoc. Report for 1864, pt. 2, p. 59.
Report (No. 1) on the Coal Fields of Victoria. Presented to both Houses of
Parliament by His Excellency's comniuid. No. 63, pp. 11, with vertical sections
(fcap. Melbourne, 1873). Coll. Guardian, 1873, xxiv, pp. 773-75 (with a Map of
the Coal Fields of Victoria) . •
• Report (No. 2) on the Coal Fields of Victoria. Presented to both Houses of
Parliament by His Excellency's command. No. 70, pp. 8 (fcap. Melbourne, 1873).
— Sketch Map of the New South Wales Coal Field, as far as at present examined,
April, 1873. Scale : about 10 miles to 1 inch, with 15 sheets of sections of Coal
Seams and Bores, &c. (Sydney, 1873).
Mackenzie (J.) Supplementary Report of the Examiner of Coal Fields. Min^ and
Mineral Statistics, N. S. Wales, 1875, pp. 207-247, with—
(a) Flan showing the position and extent of the yarions collieries at and neat Nan^ettstle. Scale: 4
miles to 1 inch, (b) Flan showing position and extent of the Bnlli Colliery Co.'8 Mine, county
of Camden, (c) Flan showing position of the Osborne Wallsend and Mount Fleasant Cdllieriee, Bear
WoUongong. Scale ; 40 chains to 1 inch. (4) Flan showing positioo and extent of the diflerent
collieries now at work at litbgow Valley, county of Cork. Scale : 40 chains to 1 inch. (•} PUn of
the New South Wales Coal Field. (/) Sketch section, about 30 miles in length, from Newcastle to
past Booral, in the county of Gloucester, to illustrate the relative pdsition of the Upper, Middle, and
Lower Coal Measures, and some of the Fossil Flora and Fauna found in connection therewith, {g)
Eleyen sheets of vertical sections (one horizontal) of Strata and Coal Seams in the N., S. and Western
Districts of N. S. Wales, {h) Section (horizontal), 10,000 ft. in length, taken along proviAgs made by
the Australian Agricultural Company across a portion of the L; Coal Measures, at Smith's Creekj near
Stroud, county of GIoucci»tcr.
OATALOQUI.
n
Macximzui (J.) Report from the Examiner of Coal Fields on the Condition and P/oa-
pects of the Coal Fields ; together with the Beports of the Inspector of Collieries
on the state of the various Coal, Petroleum Oil, Cannel Coal, and Kerosene Shale
Mines in New South Wales, &c. for the year 1874, pp. 5 (fcap. Sydney, 1875).
Report of the Examiner of Coal Fields for the Colony of N. S. Wales for the year
1876. Ann. Report, Dept. of Mines, N. 8.. Wales, for 1876, pp. 129-142 (1877).
— ^— Report of the Examiner of Coal Fields for the Colony of New South Wales, for
the year 1877. Ibid. 1877, pp. 166-192 (with tables of Coal Statistics, vertical
sections of Coal Seams, &c.).
Report of the Examiner of Coal Fields for the Colony of New South Wales, for
the year 1878. Ibid. 1878, pp. 138-145 (with 53 vertical sections of Coal Seams,
and Bore-holes through Coal Measure Strata — various scales).
Report of the Examiner of Coal Fields for the Colony of New South Wales, for
the year 1879. Ibid, for 1879, pp. 194-209 ; with—
(») Sactioii of Strata at Mallett Creek, Hawkesbnry River, (b) Section of Strata at Botany and Coal
Cliff.
Maoliat (W. S.) Letter to the Editors of the Sydney Morning Herald on " The Bones
brought to Sydney by Mr. Turner,'* Dec. 2nd, 1847. Papers relative to Oeol.
Surveys, N. S. Wales, 21st Dec, No. 2, pp. 13-15 (fcap. Sydney, 1853) ; Pari.
Blue Book, Dec. 1854, pp. 40-42 (folio, London, 1855).
Maconochib (Capt., b.n.) On the Physical Character and Geology of Norfolk Island!
Brit. Assoc. Report for 1844, pt. 2, p. 57.
Mammalu, Fossil — see Falconer (H.) ; Flower ( W. H.) ; Foetterle (F.) ; Krefft (G.) j
Macdonald (Dr. J. D.); Owen (Prof. R.) ; Scott (R. W.) ; Waterhouse (G. R.).
Makoakiss Ore — see Newbery (J. C).
Mann (D. D.) The Present Picture of New South Wales ; illustrated with four large
coloured views, &c. pp. vi and 99 (4to., atlas folio, London, 1811) (Coal and
precious stones, p* 51).
ManKino (J.) Sydney Water Supply by Gravitation. Trans. R. Soc. N. 8. Wales, for
year 1874, pp. 41-56.
Maktell (Dr. G. A.) The Medals of Creation ; or. First Lessons in Geology, and in the
study of Organic Remains (2 vols. 8vo. London, 1844) (Fossil trees, i, p. 169 ;
Extinct Marsupials, ii, p. 849; Bone caves, p. 855).
— — The Wonders of Geology; or, a Familiar Exposition of Geological Phenomena^
2 vols. 6th ed. (8vo. London, 1848) (Fossil Flora, ii, p. 714 ; Fauna, p. 893 ; Epochsj
p* 894).
Maps — ^Mineral Map and General Statistics of New South Wales. Sketch Map of
K. S. Wales, showing the localities df the principal Minerals, 1876. Scale : 50 miles
to i inch (Sydney, 1876).
72 CATALOGtE.
Maps — General Map of the Soutli-eastem Portion of Australia^ showing the Colony of
New South Wales, as surveyed and divided by the Surveyor-General between
the years 1827 and 1850, &c. Scale: about 35 miles to 1 inch (shows the
position and limits of the various Gold Fields throughout N. S. Wales, and
'^ Australia Felix ^^) (Sydney, 7i.cZ.).
sec Aplin (C. D^O. IT.) ; Duintrce (R.) ; Mackenzie (J.) ; Marcou (J.) ; Murray
(B. A. F.); Petermann (A.); Selwyn (A. R. C); Smyth (R. B.); Taylor (N.);
Ulrich (G. H. F.) ; Wilkinson (C. S.) and Young (L.).
Marcou (J.) Notice sur les Cartes Geologiques de Victoria, et des Isles Britanmques.
jB«7Z. Soc. Geol. de France, 1867, 2nd ser. xxv, pp. 121-122.
— — Les Hommes dans I'Australasie. BvlL Soc. de Geographie, Paris, 1871,
Gme ser. ii, pp. 369-378.
Explication d^unc secondo edition de la Carte Geologique de la Terre, pp. 222
(folio, Zurich, &c.) (? 1875) ; with Carte geologique de la Terre, 2eme. edition.
Reduction et assemblage des huit feuilles, 1857 (Geologie de I'Australie, &ۥ
pp. 181-205).
Makgules (U.) Reports on the Lachlan District. M'Guigan's subdivision (Gold Field).
Ann. llcportj Vept, Mines, N, S. Wales, for 1876, pp. 81-92.
Report on Mining Operations in the Lachlan District, Baker Division, N. S.
Wales. Ibid, for 1879, pp. 101-107.
Marshall (H.) Gold in South Australia. Mining Jour. 1863, xxxiii, p. 554.
Marsupials — The Gigantic Marsupials of Australia. American Jour. Sci. 1866, xli,
p. 258.
Martin (R. M.) History of the British Colonies (5 vols. 8vo. London, 1835)
— Vol. iv, Possessions in Africa and Austral- Asia, pp. 624 (Geology of N. S. Wales,
Tasmania and King George's Sound, pp. 266, 419 and 472).
^- — History of AustraUAsia : comprising New South Wales, Van Dieman's Land,
Swan River, South Australia, &c. The Brit. Col. Library, ii, pp. 371 (8vo. London,
1886) (Geology, &c. pp. 78, 265 and 329).
The British Colonies ; their History,' Extent, Condition, and Resources (6 vols.
4to» Lend, and N. York, n.d.) (Vol. ii, Australia, Geology of Australia, N. S.
Wales, Victoria, S. Australia and Swan River, pp. 397, 432, 497, 605, 677,
and 733).
Maryborough — Map of the Mining District of Maryborough. Scale : half-an-inch to
1 mile (Melbourne, 1861) (Quartz Reefs, and Auriferous Leads shown).
Masters (J.) Assays of Ores from the Forest Diggings, Bathurst District, N. S. Wales.
Ann. liejwrt, Vept. of Mines, N. S. Wales for 1876, pp. 10-12.
• Assays of Metalliferous Ores from New South Wales. Ibid, far 1877,
pp. 12-13.
?4
CATALOOUl.
McCoy (Prof. F.) On the Canine Tooth of Thylacoleo carnifex (Owen). Annah Nat.
Hist. 1865, 3rd ser. xvi, p. 448 (with woodcut).
On the Discovery of Cretaceous Fossils in Australia. Trans. R. Soe. Vict. 1866,
vii, pp. 49-51.
On some New Species of Fossil Volutes from the Tertiary Beds, near Melbourne.
Annak Nat. Hist. 1866, 3rd ser. xviii, p. 375.
On the Australian Tertiary Species of Triyonia. Geol. Mag. 1866, iii, p. 481.
«
— ~ Notes sur la Zoologie et la Paleontologie de Victoria, Exposition Intercolonial
(Tradtfit de T Anglais par E. Lissignol) (8vo. Melbourne, 1866).
On the occurrence of the genus Squalodon (8. Wilkvisotii, McCoy) in the
Tertiary Strata of Victoria. Geol. Mag. 1867, iv, p. 145, t. 8, f. 1.
■■■■ On the occurrence of Ichthyosaurus and Plesiosaurus in Australia. Annals
Nat. Hist. 1867, 3rd ser. xix, p. 355.
On the recent Zoology and Palasontology of Victoria. Ibid. 1867, 3rd ser.
XX, p. 175.
Description of two New Fossil Cowries, characteristic of Tertiary Beds, near
Melbourne. Ibid. 1867, 3rd ser. xx, p. 436.
On the Discovery of Enaliosauria and other Cretaceous Fossils in Australia,
Trans. It. Soc. Vict. 1868, viii, p. 41.
— Memoirs of the Melbourne Museum. Descriptive Catalogue of the Mining,
Metallurgical, Geological, and Agricultural Models in the National Museum (8vo.
Melbourne, 1869).
■- On the Teeth and Fossil Eye of Ichthyosaurus Australis. Trans. iJ. Soc. Vic.
1869, ix, pt. 2, pp. 77-78.
— Uber die Palaontologie von Victoria. Neties Jakrbuch, 1869, p. 115.
Geological Survey of Victoria; Prodromus of the P^aeontology of Victoria,
or Figures and Descriptions of Victorian Organic Remains. Decade i, 1874,
pp. 43, pis. 140; Decade ii, 1875/ pp. 37, pis. 11-20; Decade iii, 1876, pp.
40> pis. 21-80; Decade iv, 1876, pp. 82, pis. 81-40; Decade v, 1877, pp. 41, pis.
41-50; Decade vi, 1879, pp. 42, pis. 51-60.
— On a third New Tertiary Species of Trigonia. Annals Nat, Hist. 1875, ser. 4,
XV, pp. 816-17, t. 18 b.
— On a Tertiary Pleurotomaria. Ibid. 1875, ser. 4, xvi, pp. 101-102 (woodcut).
^ On a New Victorian Graptolite. Ibid. 1876, ser* 4, xviii, p. 126 (woodcut)*
On the Discovery of the Trigonia acuticostata (McCoy) in the Living Stale.
Ibidt, 1876, ser. 4, xviii, p. 278.
— Schedule of Reports on Fossil Specimens in the Collection of the Mining Dept.i
Melbourne. Couchman^s Progress Report, OeoL Survey, Vict, 1877, No. 6, ppi
155458; I6td/1878, No. 5, pp. 174-176; Ibid. 1880, No. 6, p. 71.
CATALOGUE. ?5
McCoy (Prof. F.) PalaBontological Notes, attached to the Quarter sheets and Horizontal
Sections of the Geological Survey of Victoria, viz. : quarter sheet 2, S. W. by
N. Taylor; quarter sheet 3, N. E. by N. Taylor ; quarter sheet 4, S. W. by N. Taylor
hor. section 14, N. W. by U. Y. L. Brown.
McKiNLAT (J.) Journal of Exploring Expedition, in charge of John McKinlay, to
examine the Country of the Northern Territory recently annexed to South Australia,
for the purpose of ascertaining the General Nature of the Country, &c. No. 82, pp.
22 (fcap. Adelaide, 1866) (with map by R. H. Edmunds).
Journal of Exploration in the Interior of Australia (Burke Relief Expedition), pp.
136 (8vo. Melbourne, n,d,) (with map).
Meek (P. B.) and Hayden (F. V.) Palaeontology of the Upper Missouri. Smitlisoniau
Contributions to Knowledge, 1865, xiv, 5 plates (Reference to Genus Eurydesma,
p. 28; also published separately, pp. 135, pis. 5) (Washington, 4to.).
Meinicke (C. E.) Das Pestlaud Australien, eine geographische Monographie (2 vols.
8vo. Breslau, 1837) — see vol. i, chap. 4.
Mbllo (J. M.) Note on a peculiar form of Quartz Crystals from Australia. Min, Mag.
and Jour, Min, Sac, Gt. Brit, and Ireland, 1877, No. 4, p. 123.
Melville (H. S.) Sketches in Australia and the adjacent Islands, selected from
a number taken during the Surveying Voyage of H.M.S. " Fly '* and " Bramble'^
under the command of Capt. P. P, Blackwood, r.n., during the years 1842-46,
25 plates (oblong, London, n. d.) (Plate 3, Wombyan Cave, near Bonaby, Argyle-
shire, N. S. Wales).
Mbnob (J.) The Geology of South Australia. S.Austr. Begist&r, 1841, iv, Nos. 179,
181, 182, 183, 186, 188, 196.
The Geology of South Australia. The Southern Australian, 1841, iv. No. 218, p.
203; Ibid. No. 220, p. 211; Ibid. No. 224, p. 228; Ibid. No. 228, p. 244; Ibid.
No. 239, p. 262.
Rambles in South Australia. The German Austr. Poet, Adelaide^ 1848 (16th
March), No. 11, p. 3 (Mineral Notes).
MBBCfiB (N.) The Chemistry of Gold, with a Sketch of its Natural Histofy and
Geological Distribution, more especially with reference tp Information valuable to
Australian Emigrants, &c. pp. 58 (12mo. Liverpool, 1853).
UuBJCVSY^^ee Clarke (Rev. W. B.) ; Milligan (Dr. J.).
Meridith (Hon. C.) On Tin-ore from Mount Bischoff, Tas. Proc. R. Soc. Tas.for 1874
(June), pp. 21-22 (1874).
Metals— Metals in Victoria other than Gold. Iron, 1875, vi^ p. 198.
I
76 CATALOGUiG.
METAFJiURGY — The Australian Process of Smelting and Assaying Gold. Mimng Jour.
1865, XXXV, p. 633.
The HolloWay Process of saving Gold from ^^ Mill refuse^' in Queensland. 0/<cwi>
Neivs, 1880, xlii, p. 187.
Meteorites — ^The Deniliquin Meteorite. The Australasian, April 22nd, 1871 ; Nature,
1871, ix, p. 212 ; Qurart. Jour. Science, 1873, iv, p. 123.
see Buchner (Dr. 0.) ; Barthelot ( — ) ; Gibbons (S.) ; Haidinger (W.) ; Haoshofer
(Dr. K.) ; Liversidge (Prof. A.).
Meyer (H. von) Fossilen Pachydermens aus Australien. Neues Jahrb. 1843, p. 703.
MiALii (Prof. C.) Report of the Committee, consisting of Prof. Huxley, ll.d. f.b.s..
Prof. Harkness, f.r.s,, Henry Woodward, p.r.8., James Thomson, John Brigg, and
L. C. Miall, on the Structure and Classification of the Labyrinthodonts. Brit.
Assoc. Report for 1874 (pub. 1875), pp. 149-192 {Bothriceps Australis, Huxley, pp.
150 and 161).
On the Genus Ceratodus, with special reference to the Fossil Teeth found at
Maledi, Central India. Palceontologia Indica. ser. iv. No. 2, pp. 9-17 (4 to.
Calcutta, 1878).
Michel (H. E.) On the Treatment of Abandoned Workings of the Australian Gold
Fields. Brit. Assoc. Report for 1854, p. 214 (title only).
Michie (Sir a.) Readings in Melbourne; with an Essay on the Resources and Prospects
of Victoria, for the Emigrant and Uneasy Classes, pp. 328 (8vo. London, 1879)
(The Mining Interest, p. 165).
Miller (F. B.) On the Detection of Spurious Gold, darkens Southern Gold Fields,
2nd ed. App. D. p. 274, 1860.
MiLLiGAN (Dr. J.) On some Fossil Plants found near Hobart Town and Launceston.
Tas. Jour. Nat. Science, iii, pp. 131-139.
•
Reports (Four) on the Coal Basins of Van Dieman's Land. Proc. R. Soc,
F. D, Land, 1851, i, pp. 1-81 (plates of sections).
Report on the Coal, said to have been found in the Don River, and on the West
Bank of the Tamar River, Tasmania, 1831. Ibid. 1852, ii, pt. 1, pp. 90-106.
" ■ - On Lignite from near Point Rapid, Tamar River, Tasmania. Ibid, ii, pt. 1,
p. 146.
Fossil Ferns from below the Coal Seams, worked in the vicinity of Newlands,
Tasmania* Ibid. 1852, ii, pt. 1, p. 151.
Reported Discovery of Quicksilver at Broad Marsb, Tasmania. Ibid. 1852, ii.
pt. 1, p. 150.
CATALOGUE. . 77
MiLLiOAN (Dr. J.) On Coarse Jasper, Red Hematite, White and Compact Sandstone,
Magnetic Iron Sand, &c. from Tasmanian Localities. Pror, B. Soc, V, J>. Land,
1852, ii, pt. 1, p. 165.
Notes on a Geological Excursion around Ben Lomond, and in the Fingal
District, Tasmania. Ibid. 1852, ii, pt. 1, pp. 1G6-167.
On an Assay of Tasmanian Gold Dust, &c. Ibid. 1854, ii, pt. 3, p. 484-.
On Silicified Wood from the Tertiary and Post-Tertiary Strata of Macqnarrio
Harbour. Ibid. 1854, ii, pt. 3, p. 489.
On a Felspathic Rock with Schorl, forming the Point of Land, South from Oyster
Cove, Tasmania. Proc, R, Soc. Tas. 1855, iii, pt. 1, p. 173.
— — On a Bed of Chalk on Flinder's Island, Bass's Straits, Ibid. 1855, iii, pt. 1,
p. 190.
Tasmania. Its Character, Products and Resources. Jour. Soc, Arh, 18GI, ix,
pp. 377-393 (Phys. Geogr. p. 378) ; Geologist, p. 380.
- Tasmania; its Character, Products, and Resources. Chem. News, 1861, iii, pp.
307-311.
■ (W.) Some account of the New Colony of W. Australia, more especially of the
Swan River District, the Natives, Settlers, Climate, Soil, Productions, &c. Madras
Jour. 1837, vi, pp. 305-336.
Mineral Statistics, Victoria: Mineral Statistics of Victoria for the years 1864-80.
Presented to both Houses of Parliament by His Excellency's command (fcap,
Melbourne, 1865-81) (published yearly).
Resources — see Birkmyre (W.) \ Clarke (Rev. W. B.) ; Jack (R. L.) ; TJlrich
(G. H. F.).
Veins — see Bolt (T.) ; Hopkins (E.) ; Resales (H.) ; Secular (G.) ; Thompson
(H. A.) ; Thomson (Dr. A. M.) ; Ulrich (G. H. F.).
— Waters — see Maund (Dr.) ; Newbery (J. C).
Minerals — The Mineral Treasures of Australia. Mining Jour. 1861, xxxi, p. 454.
The Mineml Resources of Victoria. Ibid. 1871, xli, p. 123.
The Mineral Wealth of Queensland. Iron, 1880, xv, p. 349.
see Algar (F.) ; Austin (J. B.) ; Church (Prof. A. H.) ; Garrett (Rev. J.) ; Leibins
(Dr. A.) ; Liversidge (Prof. A.) ; Lhotsky (Dr. J.) ; MilHgan (Dr. J.) ; Newbery
(J. C.) ; Nicholas (W.) ; Odemheimer (Dr. F.) ; Rath (G. vom) ; Ulrich (G. H. F.) ;
Wintle (S. A.).
MiNEBALOGT — The Mineralogy of Australia. The N, S. Wales Mag. 1833, i. No. 1,
pp. 43-45.
78 CATALOQITC.
Mining, Ac. — Current Review of Mining, Quarrying and Metallurgy in New South
Wales. Mining and Smelting Mag. 1862, i, p. 277; ii, p. 177, 1863; iii, p. 306;
iv,pp. 50, 115, 211, 295, 306, 363, 1864; v, pp. 47, 113, 176, 239, 301, 360; vi,
p. 47.
Surveyors, Victoria. Mining Surveyors^ Reports: furnished by the Mining
Surveyors of Victoria to the Board of Science, No. 1, May, 1859 — ^No. 20, Dec.
1860, pp. 386 (8vo. Melbourne).
Surveyors, Victoria. Mining Surveyors' Reports: furnished by the Mining
Surveyors of Victoria to the Mining Department, No. 21, Jan. 1861 — No. 32,
December, 1862, pp. 576 (8vo. Melbourne).
Mining Surveyors' Reports : Abstract of the Reports furnished by the
Mining Surveyors of Victoria to the Mining Department (8vo. Melbourne,
1862-63).
•' Surveyors and Registrars, Victoria. Reports of the Mining Surveyors and
Registrars. Presented to both Houses of Parliament by His Excellency's command,
31st March, 1864, to December 3l8t, 1880 (fcap. Melbourne, 1864-1880) (pub-
lished quarterly).
« . Mining Adventure in South Australia. Review of its state and prospects.
Mining Jour. 1849, xix, p. 579.
. Mining in South Australia — Geological Formation. Ibid. 1852, xxii, p. 4.
. Mining in Australia. Iron, 1878, xii, p. 296.
-^ Departments — see Catalogues : Baker (Honbl. B. A.); Lucas (Honbl. J.);
Murray (R. A. F.) ; Suttor (Honbl. W. H.) ; Mining Surveyors and Registrars of
Victoria; Wood (H.).
Models — Memoirs of the Melbourne Museum, &c. edited by Prof. McCoy,
Director. Descriptive Catalogue of the Mining, Metallurgical, Geological, and
Agricultural Models in the Natural Museum, Melbourne, pp. xvii and 80, plates 15
(large 8vo. Melbourne, n. d.).
Mitchell (Major, Sir T. L.) An Account of the Limestone Caves of Wellington
Valley, New South Wales, &c. Proc. Oeol. Soc. 1831, i. No. 21, pp. 321-322.
Further Notices in regard to the Fossil Bones found in Wellington Country,
New South Wales. Edinb. N. Phil. Jour. 1831, xxv, p. 179.
Uber die Kalkstein-Hohlen in Wellington-Thale, und die Lagerong, in die
daselbst fossile Knochengefunden wordensind. Jahrb.fUr Min, 1832, p. 247.
An Account of the recent Exploring Expedition to the Interior of Australia.
Jour. B. Geogr. Soc. 1837, viii, pp. 271 284.
Three Expeditions into the Interior of E.Australift> Ac. (2 vols. 8vo. London,
1838; 2nded. 1839).
CATALOOUI. 79
Mitchell (Major Sir T. L.) Account of tlie Exploring Expedition into the Interior
of New South Wales. Tas. Jour. Nat. Science, iii, No. 3, pp. 165-182.
Journal of an Expedition into the Interior of Tropical Australia, in search of a
route from Sydney to the Gulf of Carpentaria (8vo. London, 1848).
Report of the Surveyor-General on the Gold Fields of Bathurst, Wellington,
&c. Papers relating to OeoL Surveys, 2nd Dec. 1851, No. 24, pp. 40-47 (fcap.
Sydney, 1852); Pari Blue Book, 28bh Feb. 1853, p. 7 (fcap. London, 1858)— also
as a separate Pamphlet, pp. 16 (8vo. Sydney, 1852) — see Lonsdale (W.).
MoLLUSCA, Fossil — see Dana (Prof. J. D.) ; Elheridge (R.) ; Etheridgo (R., jun.) ;
Gray (Dr. J. E.) ; Jenkins (H. M.) ; Johnston (R. M.) ; De Koninck (Prof. L. G.) ;
McCoy (Prof. F.) ; Moore (C.) ; Moms (Prof. J.) ; Sowerby (G. B.) ; Tate (Prof.
R.); Woods (Rev. J. E. T.).
Moody (R. W.) Description of Coal Seams at Mount Kembla, near WoUongong.
Mines and Mineral Statistics, N. S. Wales, 1875, pp. 249-252.
MooRE (C.) Contributions to Australian Geology and Palaeontology. Brit. Assoc,
liejmrtfor 1862, pt. 2, p. 83 (1863).
Australian Mesozoic Geology and Palaeontology. Quart. Jour. OeoL Soc. 1870,
xxvi, p. 226, pis. 10-18 ; N. Jahrbuch, 1871, p. 97.
Note on a Plant and Insect Bed on the Rocky River, New South Wales. Quart,
Jour. Geol. Soc. 1870, xxvi, p. 261.
(T.) Remarks on a Collection of Geological Specimens made in Tasmania. Proc.
B. Soc. V. D. Land, 1854, ii, pt. 3, pp. 424-433.
On the occurrence of Tin, Zinc, Silver and tracesof Gold in the Killas of St. Paul's
Plains, &c. Ibid, 1854, ii, pt. 3, p. 490.
■ Oh experiments testing the comparative value of the Mersey Schist, and of the
Coals from Schouten Island, and the Douglas River. Ibid. 1855, iii, pt. 1, pp.
177-178.
Moresby (Capt. J.) Discoveries and Surveys in New Guinea and the d'Entrecasteaux
Islands, a Cruise in Polynesia, and Visits to the Pearl-shelling Stations in Torres
Straits of H.M.S. "Basilisk,*' pp. xviii and 327, map (8vo. Londoir, 1876).
Morgan (J.) The Life and Adventures of William Buckley, thirty-two years a Wanderer
amongst the Aborigines of the then Unexplored Country round Port Phillip, now
the Province of Victoria, pp. x and 208 (8vo. Hobart, 1852) (Stone Implements,
p. 73 ; with an Appendix, The " Golden Harvest,'^ p. 181).
(W. J.) Notes on the Gold Drifts at Ballarat. " Notes and Queries.*' GeQlogist,
1860, iii, p. 153.
Morris (H. B.) and Kirsopp (B. J. H. F.) Report on their Survey of the Coal
indications at Cape Patterson (Victoria). The Southern Australian, 1841, iv
No. 241, p. 269.
78 CATALOaUK.
MiHiHO, &c. — Onrpenfc ReTiew of Mining, Quarrying and Hetallurg; in New South
Wales. MiniTig and Smelting Mag. 1862, i, p. 277; ii, p. 177, 1863; lii, p. 306;
iv,pp. 50, 115, 2U, 295, 306, 363, 1864; v, pp. 47, 113, 170, 239, 301, 360; vi,
p. 47.
Sarveyora, Victoria. Mining Supveyops' Beporte: furnished by the Mining
Surveyors of Victoria to the Board o£ Science, No. 1, May, 1859 — No. 20, Dec,
1860, pp. 386 (870. Melbourne).
" — Surveyors, Victoria. Mining Snrveyors' Reports: furnished by the Mining
Surveyors of Victoria to tho Mining Department, No. 21, Jan. 1861 — No. 32,
December, 1862, pp. 576 {8vo. Melboonie).
■ Mining Surveyors' Reports : Abstract of tho Reports furnished by the
Mining Surveyors of Victoria to the Mining Department (8vo. Melbourne,
1862-63).
-■■■ Surveyors and Registrars, Victoria. Reports of tho Mining Surveyors and
Registrars. Presented to both Houses of Parliament by His Excellency's command,
Slat March, 1864, to December 31st, 1880 {fcap. Melbourne, 1864-1880) (pub-
lished quarterly).
. Mining Adventure in South Australia. Review of its state and prospects.
Mining Jour. 1849, xix, p. 579.
. Mining in South Australia — Geological Formation. Ibid. 1852, xsii, p. 4.
~-. Mining in Australia. Iron, 1878, lii, p. 296.
Departments — aee Catalogues: Baker (Honbl. E. A.); Lucas (Honbl. J.)
Murray (R. A. F.) ; Suttor (Honbl. W. H.) ; Mining Surveyors and Registrars t
Victoria; Wood (H.).
Models — Memoirs of the Melbourne Museum, &c. edited by Prof. McCt
Director. Descriptive Catalogue of tho Mining, Metallurgical, Geological, o
Agricultural Models in the Natural Museum, Melboarno, pp. zvii and 80, platM
(lai^ 8vo. Melbourne, n. d.).
Mitchell (Major, Sir T. L.) An Account of the Limcslone Caves of Welli»
Valley, New South Wales, &c. Proc. Oeol Soc. 1831, i, No. 21, pp. 321-8227
Further Notices in regard to the Fossil Bones found in AVcllington Ooir
New South Wales. Edinb. N. Phil. Jour. 18:31, xxv, p. 170.
liber die Kalkatein-Hohlen in Wellington-Thnlo, und die Lagenang, i
daselbst fossile Knochengefunden wordenaind. Johrh.JUr Min. 1832, p. 247
An Aceonnt of the recent Exploring Expedition to the Interior of An
Jour. R. Geogr. Soe. 1837, viii, pp. 271 284.
Three Expeditions into the Interior of B-Austmlia, &c. {i wJ
1838; 2nded. 1839).
80 CATALOaiTB.
MoRRia (Prof. J.) On the Fossil Flora of New South Wales and Van Dleman's Land.
Strzelccki's Phya, Dencrlption of N, S, Wales and V. D. Land, 1845, pp. 245-254,
pis. G and 7.
An Account of the Fossil Mollusca (Palasozoic Series) of New South Wales and
Van Dieman's Land. Ibid. 1845, pp. 270-296, pis. 10-18.
The Coal Fields of New South Wales. Mining Jour, 1863, xxxiii, p. 898.
Coal; its Geological and Geographical Position. Being the substance of Two
Lectures delivered at the Coal Exchange Museum; and also read before the
Geologists' Association, pp. 24 (8vo. London, n.d,) (Australian Coal Fields, pp.
14, 18, Ac.). Colliery Guardian, 1863, v, pp. 265, 285, and 809.
Mobsman (S.) Articles '^ Australasia,' ' and '' Australia.'* Encyclop, Brit. 8th edition,
1854, iv, pp. 270-301 (Mining, &c. p. 271; Discovery of Gold, Soils, &c. pp. 275,
279, 281, 289, 296).
• and Bannister (T.) Australia Visited and Revisited. A narrative of Recent
Travels and Old Experiences in Victoria and New South Wales, pp. 323 (London,
1853), with Maps.
Mount Bischoff Tin Mines, Tasmania — see Ulrich (G. H. F.) ; Wellington (W.) ;
Wickham (F. D.).
Ramsay Bismuth Mines, Tasmania — see Ulrich (G. H. F.).
Mott (F. T.) Water in Australia. Nature, 1881, xxiv, p. 30.
MuDCfEE Diamond Field — ^see Taylor (N.).
Mueller (Dr. F. von) Notice of donation of " Conchylien und Fossilreste des Thier
und Planzen reiches aus der Gegend der Ballaarat." Yerhandl. K. K, Geoh
Iiei<:hsanstalt, Wien. 1860, xii, p. 80.
Succinct Observations on a New Genus of Fossil ConiferaB, Sjpondylostrobns.
Reports, Mining Surveyors and Reg. Vict. 31st March, 1871, pp. 48-49, t. 1 (with
plan and vertical sections of the Haddon Gold Field).
^— New Vegetable Fossils of Victoria described ; Phymatocaryon Mackayi, Trema-
tocaryon McLellani. Ibid. 30th June, 1871, App. B. pp. 47-49, pis. 2 and 3 ;
Ibid. Rhytidotheca Lynchii, Plesiocapparis prisca, and Celephyra McCoyi. Loc.
cit. 30th Sept. 1871, App. pp. 39-41, pis. 4 and 5; Ibid. Odontocaryon Mac-
gregorii, Conchotheca rotundata, and Rhytidotheca pleioclinis. Loc. cit. 30th Sept.
1873, App. pp. 41-42, pi. 0.
New Vegetable Fossils of Victoria described ; Pcnteune Clarkci, P. brachyclinis,
and P. trachyclinis. Ibid, 31st Dec. 1873, App. pp. 41-42, pis. 7 and 8 (1874);
Ibid. Dieune pluriovulata, Platycoila SuUivani, Phymatocaryon angulare, and
Conchotheca turgida. Loc. cit. 30th Sept. 1874, App. pp. 41-42, pis. 9 and 10;
Ibid. Xylocaryon Lockii. Loc. cit. 30th June, 1875, App. pp. 41-42, pi. 11;
Rhytidocaryon Wilkinsonii. Loc. cit, 30th Sept. 1876, pp. 39-40, pi. 12.
CATALOOUK. 81
Mueller (Dr. F, von) Observations on New Vegetable Fossils of the Auriferous
Drifts, Victoria, pp. 31, pis. 10, plan 1 (largo 8vo. Melbourne and London, 1874).
Description of Fossil Fruits in a Siliceous Deposit, Richmond River, N. S. Wales.
Jour. R. Soc. N. S. Wales, 187G, x, p. 239, plate; X. Jahrhiu;h, 1878, p. 775.
Descriptive Notes on the Tertiary Flora of New South Wales. Ann, Report,
Dept. of Mine.9, K S. Wnle.9, for 1876, pp. 178-180 (1877) ; N. Jahrbuch, 1878,
p. 775.
Observations on New Vegetable Fossils of the Auriferous Drifts : Wilkinsonia
bilaminata. Reports, Mining Surveyors and Reg, Vict, 30th Sept. 1877, App.
pp. 37-38, pi. 13 ; Ihid. Tricoilocaryon Barnardi. Loc, cit, 31st March, 1878, App.
p. 35, pi. 14.
Descriptive Notes on the Tertiary Flora of New South Wales. Vegetable
Fossils of the Upper Pliocene Age, discovered at Gulgong, by C. S. Wilkinson,
Esq., &c. Annual Report, Dept, of Mines, N. S. Wales, for 1878, pp. 1G9-172,
pis. 3 and 4.
Ottelia prceterifa, F. von M. Jour, R, Soc. N, S, Wales, 1880, xiii, pp. 95-96, t. 3.
and Smyth (R. B.) Observations on some Vegetable Fossils from Victoria.
Quart. Jour. Geol, Soc. 1870, xxvi, p. 610 (abstract) ; GeoL Mag. 1870, vii, p. 390.
MuiR (M. M. P.) Note on a Manganese Ore from New South Wales, and on a
Specimen of Native Silver from New Zealand. Chem. News, 1877, xxxv, p. 6.
Mulligan (J. V.) Preliminary Report of the Mulligan Exploring Expedition in
N. Queensland. The Queenslander, 1875, n. ser. x, No. 8, p. 23.
— = — Report on an Expedition in search of Gold and other Minerals in the Palmer
Districts, pp. 23 (fcap. Brisbane, 1876).
MuNDY (Lt.-Col. G. C.) Our Antipodes, or Residence and Rambles in the Australasian
Colonies, with a Glimpse of the Coal Fields 3 vols. (8vo. London, 1852) (Vol. iii,
Appendix C, Letters by Sir R. I. Murchison and Rev. W. B. Clarke).
MuBCHisoN (Sir R. I.) Address to the Royal Geographical Society of London ; delivered
at the Anniversary Meeting on the 27th May, 1844. Jour. R. Geogr, Soc, 1844,
xiv, pp. xlv-cxxviii (Geological knowledge of Australia, pp. xcvii-ciii).
A Brief Review of the classification of the Sedimentary Rocks of Cornwall.
Traits. R. Geol. Soc. Cornwall, 1846, vi, pp. 317-326 (Gold in Australia, p. 325).
On the Distribution of Gold Ore in the Crust, and on the Surface of the Earth.
Brit. Assoc. Report for 1849, pt. 2, pp. 60-63 ; Mining Jour. 1849, xix, p. 450 ;
Ibid. 1850, XX, p. 110; Athenceum Jour. 1850, No. 1167 (March 9th), pp. 265-266.
On the Anticipation of the Discovery of Gold in Austrcflia, with a general view
of the Conditions under which the Metal is distributed. Quart. Jour, Geol. Soc.
1852, viii, pp. 134-136 ; Mining Jour. 1852, xxii, p. 81. .
82 CATALOOUI.
MuRCHisoN (Sir R. I.) Anniversary Presidential Address to the Royal Geographical
Society. Jour. i?. Geogr. Soc, 1853, p. Ixii (Australia and its Gold, p. cxxv) ;
Proc. B, Soc. V. D. Land, 1853, ii, pt. 2, p. 338 {Ibid. p. 347).
Letter to His Grace the Duke of Newcastle, on the Discovery of Gbld in Australia.
rarl Blue Booh, Aug. 16th, 1853, p. 44.
Address at the Anniversary Meeting of the Royal Geographical Society, May
24th, 1852. Proc. B. Soc. V. D. Land, 1853, ii, pp. 338-351 (Austr. Geogr. and
Geol. pp. 347-351).
— ■— Siluria. The History of the oldest known Rocks containing Organic
Remains, with a brief sketch of the Distribution of Gold over the Earthy
pp. viii and 523, pis. 37 (8vo. London, 1854) (Australian Geology, &c. pp. 14,
449, 451, and App. K, p. 497).
Siluria. The History of the oldest Fossiliferous Rocks and their Foundations :
with a brief sketch of the Distribution of Gold over the Earth. Third edition
(including the '' Silurian System ") with maps and many additional Illustrations,
pp. xix and 592, pis. 41 (8vo. London, 1859) (Australian Geology, &c. pp. 10, 320,
489, and 567).
Siluria. A History of the oldest Rooks in the British Isles and other Countries,
&c. 4th edition, pp. xvii and 566, plates (8vo. London, 1867) (Palasozoic Rocks of
Australia, p. 18; Australian Geology and Gold, pp. 460-68).
MuEBAY (A.) The Geographical Distribution of Mammals (8vo. London, 1866).
Origin of Gold Nuggets and Gold Dust. Scientific Opinion, 1870, iii, p. 320.
(Hon. G. F.) Evidences of an Inland Sea, collected from the Natives of the
Swan River Settlement, pp. 64 (8vo. Dublin, 1837).
— ^ (R. A. F.) Quarter sheet 64, N. E. (Mount Mercer). Geol. Survey of Victoria,
under the direction of A; R. C. Selwyn. Scale : 2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne,
1868).
Plans showing Dyke and Quartz Lodes, Albert Co.'s Mine, Alexandria. Bsportti,
Mining Surveyors and Begistrars, Vict. No. 9, 30th June, p. 27 (fcap. Melbourne,
1870).
Paper on the Durham Lead from Sebastopol to Mount Mercer, Victoria. Ihid.
No. 9, 30th June, pp. 43-46 (fcap. Melbourne, 1870), with Geological Map of
Portion of the Durham Lead. Scale : 40 chains to 1 inch — see Etheridge (R., jun.).
- Geological Map of the Sandhurst Gold Field. Scale : 40 chains to 1 inch
(Melbourne, 1873).
Geological Map of the Ballaarat Gold Field. Scale : 40 chains to 1 inch, with
five horizontal sections. Scale : 40 chains to 1 inch horizontal, 400 feet to 1 inch
vertical (Melbourne, 1874).
CATALOGUE . 83
Murray (B. A. F.) Vertical Section of Davis' Shaft, Cape Paterson. Scale;
J inch to 1 foot. Smyth's Progress Report, No. 1, 1874 (to face p. 22).
Section showing Lignite Deposit, McKirley's Creek, near Cross-over Creek,
South Gippsland. Scale : 20 feet to 1 inch. Ibid, No. 1, 1874 (to face p. 28).
A Report on the Geology and Mineral Resources of Ballarat. Ibid. No. 1, 1874,
pp. 63-88.
Special Report on the Freestone Creek Deep Load, near Briagolong. Reports,
Mining -Surveyors and Reg, Vict, quarter ending June 30th, 1874, p. 41 (with plan) ;
Symth's Progress Report, No. 2, Geol, Survey, Ftc^. 1875, pp. 100-101 (with plan
showing position of Freestone Creek Deep Lead Co.'s Shaft. Scale : 60 chains to
1 inch).
Report on the Geology and Mineral Resources of South-western Gippsland
Smyth's Progress Report, No. 3, Geol, Survey Vict, 1876, pp. 134-174, with —
Geological Map of Tangil. Scale : 20 chains to 1 inch ; Geological Map of the Foster Gold Field.'
Scale : 20 chains to 1 inch ; and Plan showing Gold Workings and Djrke, Tnrton's Creek, S.W.
Gippsland. Scale : 20 chains to 1 inch.
— Progress Report on the Geology of portions of the Country between the
Thomson and Wonnangatta Rivers, N. Gippsland. Oouehm^n's Progress Report,
for 1876, No. 4, Geol, Survey, Vict, (1877), pp. 52-57 (with Geological Map of
portion of the Parish of Glenmaggio, Gippsland. Scale : 40 chains to 1 inch).
— Report on the Geology of portion of the Cape Otway District. Ibid, for 1877,
No. 5 (1878), pp. 127-185 (with Geological Sketch Map of portion of Cape Ofcway
District. Scale: 2 miles to 1 inch).
— Geological Sketch Map, Sheet No. 2, South-east Gippsland, Report of Progress.
Ibid, for 1877, No. 5 (1878), pp. 44-70, with—
(a) Section of Beds at the Snowy Blnff, Gippsland. (b) Actual and Ideal Sections from Connor's
Plain to Snowy Blnff. Scale: Hor. 18 miles to 1 inch, Vert. 12,000 feet to 1 inch, (e) Plan and
Section Donelly's Creek Gold Workings. Scale : 40 chains to 1 inch, (d) Sketch Section of Crinoline
Reef, Florence Company, Donclly's Creek, {e) Sketch Sections, Edward's and Harp Reefs, Gippsland
Consols Gold Mining Company. (/) Sketch Sections, Sterling Tnnnel. (g) Longitudinal Section
showing Anriferons Shoot in the Walhalla and Long Tnnnel Company^s Mines, Cohen's Reef,
Walhalla. Scale : 160 feet to 1 inch, {h) Sections of Short Long Tnnnel, and Walhalla Company's
Mines. Scale : 160 feet to 1 inch, (t) Sections of Lodes and Dykes, Long Tnnnel Mine, (k) Plan
and Sections of Tnnnel Great Extended Walhalla Gold Mining Company. Scale: 20 chains to 1 inch.
(I) Sections of Dykes, Longfellow's Reef. Scale : 100 feet to 1 inch, (m) Sections of **Fear not"
Mine, and "Happy GoLncky*' Reef, (n) Plan and Sections of Walhalla Copper Mine, Thomaon
Riyer.
— Report on the Geological Survey of portions of Dargo and Bogong. Ibid. 1877,
No. 5 (1878), pp. 96-111 (with Geological Sketch Map of Portions of the Counties
of Dargo and BogODg, Scale : 2 miles to 1 inch).
— Report on the Geological Survey of the Woods Point District, Victoria. Ibid,
for 1878-79, No. 6 (1880), pp. 36-38.
♦
84 CATALOOnS.
Murray (R. A. F.) Report on the Geological Survey of the Eussell's Creek Gk)ld
Field, Gippsland. Couchman*s Progress Report, for 1878-79, No. 6, GeoL Survejf,
Vict. (1880), pp. 39-47 (with Geological Sketch Map of the Russell's Creek Gold
Field. Scale: 1 mile to 1 inch).
Remarks on Sites near Smeaton and Clunes, suitable for bores for testing the
relative depths of the Basaltic Rocks, and ascertaining the direction of deep
Auriferous Leads. Ibid. 1880, No'. 6, pp. 48-51, with —
(a) Plan of portioo of Comity of Talbot showing sites rocommended for boriog for extension of the
Deq> Leads of Cieswick and Clones.
Report on the Proposed Scheme for the Underground Drainage of the
Sebastopol Plateau, and Durham Lead, Ibid, for 1880, No. 6, pp. 51-55, with —
(a) Plan of the Ballarat, Sebastopol, and Bnningong Gold YUHd, in Two sheets. Scale : 2 inches to
1 mile, (b) Plan of Undergroond workings of the Band of Hope and Albion Consols Companj,
BaUaiat Scale : 300 feet to 1 inch.
Report on a Coal Seam in the Parish of Barongarook, near Colac. Ibid. 1880,
No. 6, p. 56 (with Plan showing position of Coal Seam discovered near Colac.
Scale: 2 miles to 1 inch).
Report on a Coal Seam at the head of Mosquito Creek, Parish of Moe. Ibid.
1880, No. 6, p. 57 (with Diagrams illustrating occurrelice of Coal Seam on Peter
Mills' Selection, Parish of Moe. Scale : 40 feet to 1 inch).
and Griscom (C.) Report relative to the Selection of suitable sites for boring
for Coa^^n the Western Port and Gippsland Districts. Ibid. 1880, No. G, pp.
58-59, with—
(a) Map of Western Port and Cape Patterson Coal Fields. Scale : 100 chains to 1 inch, (b) Sketdi
mip of a portion of the Coal-bearing Strata of Gippsland, showing tAten recommended for boring.
Scale : S miles to 1 inch.
(S.) Plan of the Hepburn Line of Reefs, Daylesford. B^ports, Mining Surv. and
Hegistrars, Vict. No. 26, March 31st, 1871.
(W.) On a Peculiar Substance in the Limestone Caves of South Australia.
Geologist, 1862, v, p. 63.
Nankivell (R.) Plan and Sections of the Beehive Company's Mine, Maldon, with
- Remarks. Reports, Mining Surv. and Registrars, Vict. No. 1, 1870.
■ Plans and Sections of the Great Western Quartz Mining Company, Beehive Reef,
Maldon. Reports, Mining Surv. and Registrars, No. 3 (? 1872).
Napisr (F.) Notes on the Physical Geography of the North Coast of Australia. Proc.
Phil. Soc. Glasgow, 1876, x. No. 1, pp. 40-50 (map); alito as a Pamphlet, pp. 11
(8vo. Glasgow, 1876).
Nkchauss (Otto) Goldvorkommen in Australien. Zvit. der Dents. Geologisch.
Gf\^eUsch. 1853, v, p. 267.
CATALOGUE. 85
Neumayeu (Dr. G.) On a Project for the Scientific Exploration of Central Australia.
rroc. It, Ocoyr, Soc. 1868, xii, p. 280.
NiWBEBY (J. C.) Geol. Survey of Victoria. Laboratory Report for tlie Year 1863.
Ueporti relative to the GeoL Survey of Vict. 1805, No. 14, App. C. pp. 13-14
(fcap. Melbourne, 1866).
On the Mineral Waters of Victoria. Trans. IL Soc. Vict, 1868, viii, p. 278.
Geological Survey of Victoria. Laboratory Report for the years 1866-67.
Report of the Director, Gcol. Survey, Vict. 1868, No. 15, pp. 20-21 (fcap.
Melbourne, 1868).
On the formation of Gold Nuggets in Auriferous Drift. Ibid. 1869, ix, pt. 2,
pp. 52-60.
On the Ornamental Stones of the Colony of Victoria. Ibid: 1869, ix, pt. 2,
pp. 79-85.
Laboratory Reports of the Mining Department of Victoria. Examinations,
Analyses, and Assays of Specimens from the Mining Districts. Mineral Statistics
of Vict, for the year 1869, App. D, pp. 50-52; Ibid, for the year 1870, No. 4,
App. D; Ibid, for the year, 1871, No. 8, App. D, pp. 48-49 ; Ibid, for the year 1872,
No. 7, App. D, pp. 55-56 (fcap. Melbourne, 1870-1873).
Laboratory Report of Analyses, Examinations and Assays of Specimens from
Mining Districts of Victoria. Smyth's Progress Report, Geol. Survey, Vict, 1875,
No. 2, pp. 127-134; Ibid. Report 3, 1876, pp. 290-307; Couchman's Progress
Report, Geol. Survey, Vict. 1877, No. 4, pp. 159-175; Ibid. Report 5, 1878,
pp. 177-190; Ibid. Report 6, pp. 72-79.
— Analyses of a Parcel of Cobaltiferous Manganese Ore, from a dyke at the
Little Dorrit Claim, Grant, &c. Ibid, for 1876, No. 4, 1877, p. 117.
— Report on the examination of specimens of Black Basalt and Anamesite
from Learmonth. Ibid, for 1877, No. 5, Geol. Survey, Vict. 1878, pp. 81-82.
— Reports of the Government Analyst on Rocks and Coals collected at Cape
Patterson. Appendix C. Report of the Board, Western Port Coal Fields,
pp. 28-29 (fcap. Melbourne, 1872).
— On the formation of Hyalite by the action of Ammonia. Trans. R. Soc. Vict.
1879, XV, pp. 49-51.
— Some New Localities for Minerals in Victoria. Ibid, 1880, xvi, pp. 144-45*
New Caledonia — Geology of New Caledonia. American Jour. 1876, 3rd ser. xi,
pp. 151-152.
Newcastle Coal Field— see Clarke (Rev. W. B.); Keene (W.); Leichhardt (L*)
Mackenzie (J.) ; Plows (H. T.)-
u
CATALOGUE.
McCoy (Prof. F.) On the Canine Tooth of Thylacoleo carnifex (Owen). Annals Nat,
Hist. 1865, 3rd ser. xvi, p. 448 (with woodcut).
On the Discovery of Cretaceous Fossils in Australia. Trans. R. Soe. Vict. 1866,
vii, pp. 49-51.
• On some New Species of Fossil Volutes from the Tertiary Bods, near Melbourne.
Annals Nat. Hist. 1866, 3rd ser. xviii, p. 375.
On the Australian Tertiary Species of Trigonia, GeoL Mag. 1866, iii, p. 481.
■■■ Notes sur la Zoologie et la Paleontologie de Victoria, Exposition Intercolonial
(Tradcfit de 1' Anglais par E. Lissignol) (8vo. Melbourne, 1866).
On the occurrence of the genus Squalodon (S. Wilkitiaoni, McCoy) in the
Tertiary Strata of Victoria. Geol. Mag. 1867, iv, p. 145, t. 8, f. 1.
— — On the occurrence of Ichthyosaurus and Plesiosaurus in Australia. Annals
Nat. Hist. 1867, 3rd ser. xix, p. 355.
On the recent Zoology and Palaeontology of Victoria. Ibid. 1867, 3rd ser.
XX, p. 175.
Description of two New Fossil Cowries, characteristic of Tertiary Beds, near
Melbourne. Ihid. 1867, 3rd ser. xx, p. 436.
On the Discovery of Emdiosauria and other Cretaceous Fossils in Australia,
Trans. R. Soc. Vict. 1868, viii, p. 41.
— Memoirs of the Melbourne Museum. Descriptive Catalogue of the Mining,
Metallurgical, Geological, and Agricultural Models in the NiUiional Museum (8vo.
Melbourne, 1869).
— On the Teeth and Fossil Eye of Ichthyosaurus Australis. Trans, R. Soc. Vic.
1869, ix, pt. 2, pp. 77-78.
Uber die Palaontologie von Victoria. Neues Jahrhuch, 1869, p. 115.
Geological Survey of Victoria; Prodromus of the PJaeontology of Victoria,
or Figures and Descriptions of Victorian Organic Renmins. Decade i, 1874,
pp. 43, pis. 1-10 j Decade ii, 1875y pp. 37, pis. 11-20; Decade iii, 1876, pp.
40, pis. 21-80; Decade iv, 1876, pp. 82, pis. 31-40; Decade v, 1877, pp. 41, pis.
41-50; Decade vi, 1879, pp. 42, pis. 51-60.
— On a third New Tertiary Species of Trigonia, Annals Nat, Hist, 1875, ser. 4,
XV, pp. 316-17, t. 18 b.
— On a Tertiary Pleurotoniaria, Ibid, 1875, ser. 4, xvi, pp. 101-102 (woodcut) «
On a New Victorian Graptolite. Ibid. 1876, ser* 4, xviii, p. 126 (woodcut).
On the Discovery of the Trigonia acuticostata (McCoy) in the Living State.
Ibid, 1876, ser. 4, xviii, p. 273.
— Schedule of Reports on Fossil Specimens in the Collection of the Mining Dept.j
Melbourne. Couchnian^s Progress Report, GeoU Survey , Vict. 1877, No. 6, pp*
155458; Ibid: 1878, No. 5, pp. 174-176; Ibid^ 1880, No. 6, p. 71.
CATALOGtJE. 95
McCoy (Prof. F.) Palseontological Notes, attached to the Quarter sheets and Horizontal
Sections of the Geological Survey of Victoria, viz. : quarter sheet 2, S. W. by
N. Taylor; quarter sheet 3, N. B. by N. Taylor ; quarter sheet 4, S. W. by N. Taylor
hor. section 14, N. W. by 11. Y. L. Brown.
McKiNLAT (J.) Journal of Exploring Expedition, ia charge of John McKinlay, to
examine the Country of the Northern Territory recently annexed to South Australia,
for the purpose of ascertaining the General Nature of the Country, &c. No. 82, pp.
22 (fcap. Adelaide, 1866) (with map by R. H. Edmunds).
Journal of Exploration in the Interior of Australia (Burke Relief Expedition), pp.
136 (8vo. Melbourne, n.d.) (with map).
Mbek (F. B.) and Hayden (F. V.) Palaeontology of the Upper Missouri. Smithsonian
Contributions to Knowledge, 1865, xiv, 5 plates (Reference to Genus Eurydesma,
p. 28; also published separately, pp. 135, pis. 5) (Washington, 4to.).
Meinicke (C. E.) Das Festland Australien, eine geographischo Monographic (2 vols.
8vo. Breslau, 1837) — see vol. i, chap. 4.
Mello (J. M.) Note on a peculiar form of Quartz Crystals from Australia. Min, Mag.
and Jour. Min. Soc. Gt. Brit, and Ireland, 1877, No. 4, p. 123.
Melville (H. S.) Sketches in Australia and the adjacent Islands, selected from
a number taken during the Surveying Voyage of H.M.S. " Fly '' and " Bramble'^
under the command of Capt. F. P. Blackwood, e.n., during the years 1842-46,
25 plates (oblong, London, n. d.) (Plate 3, Wombyan Cave, near Bonaby, Argyle-
shire, N. S. Wales).
Mbnob (J.) The Geology of South Australia. S. Austr. Register, 1841, iv, Nos. 179,
181, 182, 183, 186, 188, 196.
The Geology of South Australia. The Southern Australian, 1841, iv. No. 218, p*
203; Ibid. No. 220, p. 211; Ibid. No. 324, p. 228; Ibid. No. 228, p. 244; Ibid.
No. 239, p. 262.
Rambles in South Australia. The German Austr. Post, Adelaide^ 1848 (16th
March), No. 11, p. 3 (Mineral Notes).
Mercer (N.) The Chemistry of Gold, with a Sketch of its Natural Histoi'y and
GeologicfiJ Distributionj more especially with ^efe^e^ce tp Informatioa valuable to
Australian Emigrants, &c. pp. 58 (12mo. Liverpool, 1853).
MBBCUAY--*^ee Clvke (Rev, W. B.>; Milligau (Dr. J.).
Meridith (Hon. C.) On Tin-ore from Mount Bischoff, Tas. Proc. R. Soc. Tas.for 1874
(June), pp. 21-22 (1874).
Metals— Metals in Victoria other than Gold. Iron, 1875, vi, p. 198.
76 CATALOGUE.
Metallurgy — The Australian Process of Smelting and Assaying Gold. Mining Jout.
1865, XXXV, p. 633.
The HolloWay Process of saving Gold from " Mill refuse'^ in Queensland. Chem^
News, 1880, xlii, p. 187.
Meteorites — ^The Deniliquin Meteorite. The Amtralasian, April 22nd, 1871 ; Nature,
1871, ix, p. 212; Quart. Jour. Science, 1873, iv, p. 123.
see Buchner (Dr. 0.) ; Barthelot ( — ) ; Gibbons (S.) ; Haidinger (W.) ; Haushofer
(Dr. K.) ; Liversidge (Prof. A.).
Meter (H. von) Fossilen Pachydermens aus Australien. Neues Jahrb. 1843, p. 703.
MiALi, (Prof. C.) Report of the Committee, consisting of Prof. Huxley, ll.d. f.s.s..
Prof. Harkness, p.r.s., Henry Woodward, p.r.8., James Thomson, John Brigg, and
L. C. Miall, on the Structure and Classification of the Labyrinthodonts. Brit.
Assoc. Report for 1874 (pub. 1875), pp. 149-192 {Bothri<:eps Australis, Huxley, pp.
150 and 161).
On the Genus Ceratodus, with special reference to the Fossil Teeth found at
Maledi, Central India. Palceontoloijia Indica. ser. iv. No. 2, pp. 9-17 (4to.
Calcutta, 1878).
Michel (H. E.) On the Treatment of Abandoned Workings of the Australian Gold
Fields. Brit. Assoc, Report for 1854, p. 214 (title only).
Michie (Sir A.) Readings in Melbourne; with an Essay on the Resources and Prospects
of Victoria, for the Emigrant and Uneasy Classes, pp. 328 (8vo. London, 1879)
(The Mining Interest, p. 165).
Miller (F. B.) On the Detection of Spurious Gold. Clarke^ s Southern Gold Fields,
2nd ed. App. D. p. 274, 1860.
MiLLiGAN (Dr. J.) On some Fossil Plants found near Hobart Town and Launceston.
Tas. Jour. Nat. Science, iii, pp. 131-139.
Reports (Four) on the Coal Basins of Van Dieman's Land. Proo. R. Soc.
F. D, Land, 1851, i, pp. 1-81 (plates of sections).
Report on the Coal, said to have been found in the Don River, and on the West
Bank of the Tamar River, Tasmania, 1831. Ibid. 1852, ii, pt. 1, pp. 90^106.
-*— . On Lignite fi-om near Point Rapid, Tamar River, Tasmania. Ibid, ii, pt, 1,
p. 146.
■ Fossil Ferns from below the Coal Seams, worked in the vicinity of Newlands,
Tasmania. Ibid* 1852, ii, pt. 1, p. 151.
Reported Discovery of Quicksilver at Broad Marsh, Tasmania. Ibid, 1852, ii.
pt. 1, p. 156.
CATALOGUE. . 77
MiLLiOAN (Dr. J.) On Coarse Jasper, Red Hematite, White and Compact Sandstone,
Magnetic Iron Sand, &c. from Tasmanian Localities. Proe, i?. Soc, V. D. Land,
1852, ii, pt. 1, p. 165.
Notes on a Geological Excursion around Ben Lomond, and in the Fingal
District, Tasmania. Ihid. 1852, ii, pt. 1, pp. 166-167.
On an Assay of Tasmanian Gold Dust, Ac. Ihid. 1854, ii, pt. 3, p. 484.
On Silicified Wood from the Tertiary and Post-Tertiary Strata of Macquarrio
Harbour. Ihid, 1854, ii, pt. 3, p. 489.
On a Felspathic Rock with Schorl, forming the Point of Land, South from Oyster
Cove, Tasmania. Proc. B. Soc. Tas. 1855, iii, pt. 1, p. 173.
— — On a Bed of Chalk on Flinder's Island, Bass's Stmits. Ibid. 1855, iii, pt. 1,
p. 190.
Tasmania. Its Character, Products and Resources. Jour. Soc. Arh, 1861, ix,
pp. 377-393 (Phys. Geogr. p. 378) ; Geologist, p. 380.
— — Tasmania; its Character, Products, and Resources. Ghent. News, 1861, iii, pp.
307-311.
— (W.) Some account of the New Colony of W. Australia, more especially of the
Swan River District, the Natives, Settlers, Climate, Soil, Productions, &c. Madras
Jour. 1837, vi, pp. 305-336.
Mineral Statistics, Victoria: Mineral Statistics of Victoria for the years 1804-80.
Presented to both Houses of Parliament by His Excellency's command (fcap.
Melbourne, 1865-81) (published yearly).
Resources — see Birkmyre (W.) -, Clarke (Rev. W. B.) ; Jack (R. L.) ; Ulrich
(G. H. F.). .
Veins — see Belt (T.) ; Hopkins (E.) j Rosales (H.) ; Secular (G.) ; Thompson
(H. A.) ; Thomson (Dr. A. M.); Ulrich (G. H. F.).
- Waters — see Maund (Dr.) ; Newbery (J. C).
Minerals — The Mineral Treasures of Australia. Mining Jour. 1861, xxxi, p. 454.
The Mineral Resources of Victoria. Ibid. 1871, xli, p. 123.
The Mineral Wealth of Queensland. Iron, 1880, xv, p. 349.
see Algar (F.) ; Austin (J. B.) ; Church (Prof. A. H.) ; Garrett (Rev. J.) ; Leibius
(Dr. A.) ; Liversidge (Prof. A.) ; Lhotsky (Dr. J.) ; Milligan (Dr. J.) ; Newbery
(J. C.) ; Nicholas (W.) ; Odemheimer (Dr. F.) ; Rath (G. vom) ; IHrich (G. H. F.) ;
Wintle(S. A.).
Minebalogy — The Mineralogy of Australia. The N, S. Wales Mag. 1833, i. No. 1,
pp. 43-45.
78 CATALOaUK.
Mining, Ac. — Current Review of Mining, Quarrying and Metallurgy in New South
Wales. Mining and Smelting 3%. 1862, i, p. 277; ii, p. 177, 1863; iii, p. 806;
iv,pp. 50, 115, 211, 295, 306, 363, 1864; v, pp. 47, 113, 176, 239, 301, 360; vi,
p. 47.
Surveyors, Victoria. Mining Surveyors' Reports: furnished by the Mining
Surveyors of Victoria to the Board of Science, No. 1, May, 1859 — ^No. 20, Dec.
1860, pp. 386 (8vo. Melbourne).
Surveyors, Victoria. Mining Surveyors' Reports: furnished by the Mining
Surveyors of Victoria to the Mining Department, No. 21, Jan. 1861 — No. 32,
December, 1862, pp. 576 (8vo. Melbourne).
Mining Surveyors' Reports : Abstract of the Reports furnished by the
Mining Surveyors of Victoria to the Mining Department (8vo. Melbourne,
1862-63).
— — Surveyors and Registrars, Victoria. Reports of the Mining Surveyors and
Registrars. Presented to both Houses of Parliament by His Excellency's command,
31st March, 1864, to December 31st, 1880 (fcap. Melbourne, 1864-1880) (pub-
lished quarterly).
• . Mining Adventure in South Australia. Review of its state and prospects.
Mining Jour, 1849, xix, p. 579.
. Mining in South Australia — Geological Formation. Ibid. 1852, xxii, p. 4.
-: . Mining in Australia. Iron, 1878, xii, p. 296.
Departments — see Catalogues : Baker (Honbl. B. A.); Lucas (Honbl. J.);
Murray (R. A. F.) ; Suttor (Honbl. W. H.) ; Mining Surveyors and Registrars of
Victoria; Wood (H.).
Models — Memoirs of the Melbourne Museum, &c. edited by Prof. McCoy,
Director. Descriptive Catalogue of the Mining, Metallurgical, Geological, and
Agricultural Models in the Natural Museum, Melbourne, pp. xvii and 80, plates 15
(large 8vo. Melbourne, n. d.).
Mitchell (Major, Sir T. L.) An Account of the Limestone Caves of Wellington
Valley, New South Wales, &c. Proc. Oeol Soc. 1831, i. No. 21, pp. 321-322.
Further Notices in regard to the Fossil Bones found in Wellington Country,
New South Wales. Edinb. N. Phil. Jour. 1831, xxv, p. 179.
Uber die Kalkstein-Hohlen in Wellington-Thale, und die Lagerong, in dio
daselbst fossile Knochengefunden wordensind. Jahrb.fUr Min. 1832, p. 247.
An Account of the recent Exploring Expedition to the Interior of Australia.
Jour. R. Geogr. Soc. 1837, viii, pp. 271 284.
Three Expeditions into the Interior of E.Anstralia> Ac. (2 vols. 8vo. London,
1838; 2nded. 1839).
CATALOOUX. 79
Mitchell (Major Sir T. L.) Account of the Exploring Expedition into the Interior
of New South Wales. Tas. Jour, Nat. Science, iii, No. 3, pp. 165-182.
Journal of an Expedition into the Interior of Tropical Australia, in search of a
route from Sydney to the Grulf of Carpentaria (8vo. London, 1848).
Report of the Surveyor-(Jeneral on the Gold Fields of Bathnrst, Wellington,
&c. Papers relating to GeoL Surveys, 2nd Dec. 1851, No. 24, pp. 40-47 (fcap.
Sydney, 1852); Pari. Blue Book, 28th Feb. 1853, p. 7 (fcap. London, 1853)— ai.^o
as a separate Pamphlet, pp. IG (8vo. Sydney, 1852) — see Lonsdale (W.).
MoLLUscA, Fossil — see Dana (Prof. J. D.) ; Elheridge (R.) ; Etheridge (R., jun.) ;
Gray (Dr. J. E.) ; Jenkins (H. M.) ; Johnston (R. M.) ; De Koninck (Prof. L. G.) ;
McCoy (Prof. F.) ; Moore (C.) ; Moms (Prof. J.) ; Sowerby (G. B.) ; Tate (Prof.
R.); Woods (Rev. J. E. T.).
Moody (R. W.) Description of Coal Seams at Mount Kembla, near Wollongong.
Mines and Mineral Statistics, N. S. Wales, 1875, pp. 249-252.
MooEE (C.) Contributions to Australian Geology and Palaeontology. Brit. Assoc.
Ueportfor 1862, pt. 2, p. 83 (1863).
— — Australian Mesozoic Geology and Palaeontology. Quart. Jour. GeoL Soc. 1870,
xxvi, p. 226, pis. 10-18 ; N. Jahrbuch, 1871, p. 97.
Note on a Plant and Insect Bed on the Rocky River, New South Wales. Quart,
Jour. Geol. Soc. 1870, xxvi, p. 261.
— (T.) Remarks on a Collection of Geological Specimens made in Tasmania. Proc.
B. Soc. V. D. Land, 1854, ii, pt. 3, pp. 424-433.
On the occurrence of Tin, Zinc, Silver and tracesof Gold in the Killas of St. Paul's
Plains, &c. Ibid, 1854, ii, pt. 3, p. 490.
— — Oh experiments testing the comparative value of the Mersey Schist, and of the
Coals from Schouten Island, and the Douglas River. Ibid. 1855, iii, pt. 1, pp.
177-178.
Moresby (Capt. J.) Discoveries and Surveys in New Guinea and the d'Entrecastenux
Islands, a Cruise in Polynesia, and Visits to the Pearl-shelling Stations in Torres
Straits of H.M.S. "Basilisk,'' pp. xviii and 327, map (8vo. London, 1876).
MoROAN (J.) The Life and Adventures of William Buckley, thirty-two years a Wanderer
amongst the Aborigines of the then Unexplored Country round Port Phillip, now
the Province of Victoria, pp. x and 208 (8vo. Hobart, 1852) (Stone Implements,
p. 73 ; with an Appendix, The " Golden Harvest,'' p. 181).
(W. J.) Notes on the Gold Drifts at Ballarat. " Notes and Queries." Geologist,
1860, iii, p. 153.
MoRMS (H. B.) and Kirsopp (E. J. H. F.) Report on their Survey of the Coal
indications at Cape Patterson (Victoria). The Southern Australian, 1841, iv
No. 241, p. 269.
80 CATALOaiTE.
MoRRia (Prof. J.) On the Fossil Flora of New South Wales and Van Dleman's Land.
StrzelcchVs Phys. Description of N. 8. Wales and F. Z). Land, 1845, pp. 245-254,
pis. G and 7.
An Account of the Fossil Mollusca (Palasozoic Series) of New South Wales and
Van Dieman's Land. Ibid. 1845, pp. 270-296, pis. 10-18.
The Coal Fields of New South Wales. Mining Jour. 1863, xxxiii, p. 898.
Coal ; its Geological and Geographical Position. Being the substance of Two
Lectures delivered at tho Coal Exchange Museum; and also read before the
Geologists' Association, pp. 24 (8vo. London, n.d.) (Australian Coal Fields, pp.
14, 18, Ac). Colliery Guardian, 1863, v, pp. 265, 285, and 309.
MossMAN (S.) Articles '^ Australasia,^* and '' Australia.'* Encyclop. Brit, 8th edition,
1854, iv, pp. 270-301 (Mining, &c. p. 271; Discovery of Gold, Soils, &c. pp. 275,
279, 281, 289, 296).
• and Bannister (T.) Australia Visited and Eevisited. A narrative of Recent
Travels and Old Experiences in Victoria and New South Wales, pp. 323 (London,
1853), with Maps.
Mount Bischoff Tin Mines, Tasmania — see Ulrich (G. H. F.) ; Wellington (W.) ;
Wickham (F. D.).
Ramsay Bismuth Mines, Tasmania — see Ulrich (G. H. F.).
MoTT (F. T.) Water in Australia. Nature, 1881, xxiv, p. 30.
MuDCfEE Diamond Field — ^ee Taylor (N.).
Mueller (Dr. F. von) Notice of donation of '^ Conchy lien und Fossilreste des Thier
und Planzen reiches aus der Gegend der Ballaarat." Verhandl. K. K, Gcoh
lieinhsanstalt, Wien. 1860, xii, p. 80.
Succinct Observations on a New Genus of Fossil ConiferaB, Spondylostrohus.
Reports, Mining Surveyors and Reg. Vict. 31st March, 1871, pp. 48-49, t. 1 (with
plan and vertical sections of the Haddon Gold Field).
^— New Vegetable Fossils of Victoria described ; Phymatocaryon Mackayi, Trema-
tocaryon McLellani. Ibid. 30th June, 1871, App. B. pp. 47-49, pis. 2 and 3 ;
Ibid. Rhytidotheca Lynchii, Plesiocapparis prisca, and Celephyra McCoyi. Loc,
cit. 30th Sept. 1871, App. pp. 39-41, pis. 4 and 5; Ibid. Odontocaryon Mac-
gregorii, Conchotheca rotundata, and Rhytidotheca pleioclinis. Loc. cit. 30th Sept.
1873, App. pp. 41-42, pi. 0.
■ New Vegetable Fossils of Victoria described ; Pcnteuno Clarkei, P. brachyclinis,
and P. trachyclinis. Ibid. 31st Dec. 1873, App. pp. 41-42, pis. 7 and 8 (1874);
Ibid. Dieune pluriovulata, Platycoila SuUivani, Phymatocaryon angulare, and
Conchotheca turgida. Loc. cit. 30th Sept. 1874, App. pp. 41-42, pis. 9 and 10;
Ibid. Xylocaryon Lockii. Loc. cit. 30th June, 1875, App. pp. 41-42^ pi. 11;
Rhytidocaryon Wilkinsonii. Loc, cit, 30th Sept. 1876, pp. 39-40, pi. 12.
CATALOOUK. 81
Mueller (Dr. F. von) Observations on New Vegetable Fossils of the Auriferous
Drifts, Victoria, pp. 31, pis. 10, plan 1 (largo 8vo. Melbourne and London, 1874).
•
Description of Fossil Fruits in a Siliceous Deposit, Richmond River, N. S. Wales.
Jour. R. Soc. N. S. Wales, 187G, x, p. 239, plate; iV. Jahrhiu:h, 1878, p. 775.
Descriptive Notes on the Tertiary Flora of New South Wales. Ann, Repart,
DepL of Mine.9, N. S. Wales, for 187G, pp. 178-180 (1877) ; N. Jahrbuch, 1878,
p. 775.
Observations on New Vegetable Fossils of the Auriferous Drifts : Wilkinsonia
bilaminata. Reports, Mining Snrvpyors and Reg. Vict, 30th Sept. 1877, App.
pp. 37-38, pi. 13 ; Ibid, Tricoilocaryon Barnardi. Loc, cit. 31st March, 1878, App.
p. 35, pi. 14.
Descriptive Notes on the Tertiary Flora of New South Wales. Vegetable
Fossils of the Upper Pliocene Age, discovered at Gulgong, by C. S. Wilkinson,
Esq., &c. . Annual Report, Dept, of Mines, N, 8, Wales, for 1878, pp. 169-172,
pis. 3 and 4.
Ottelia prceterita, F. von M. Jour, R, Soc, N. 8, Wales, 1880, xiii, pp. 95-96, t. 3.
and Smyth (R. B.) Observations on some Vegetable Fossils from Victoria.
Quart. Jour. Geol, Soc. 1870, xxvi, p. 010 (abstract) ; Geol. Mag. 1870, vii, p. 390.
MuiB (M. M. P.) Note on a Manganese Ore from New South Wales, and on a
Specimen of Native Silver from New Zealand. Chevi. News, 1877, xxxv, p. 6.
Mulligan (J. V.) Preliminary Report of the Mulligan Exploring Expedition in
N. Queensland. The Queenslander, 1875, n. ser. x. No. 8, p. 23.
— : — Report on an Expedition in search of Gold and other Minerals in the Palmer
Distripts, pp. 23 (fcap. Brisbane, 1876).
MuNDY (Lt.-Col. G. C.) Our Antipodes, or Residence and Rambles in the Australasian
Colonies, with a Glimpse of the Coal Fields 3 vols. (8vo. London, 1852) (Vol. iii.
Appendix C, Letters by Sir R. I. Murchison and Rev. W. B. Clarke) .
MuECHisoN (Sir R. I.) Address to the Royal Geographical Society of London ; delivered
at the Anniversary Meeting on the 27th May, 1844. Jour. R. Geogr, 8oc. 1844,
xiv, pp. xlv-cxxviii (Geological knowledge of Australia, pp. xcvii-ciii).
A Brief Review of the classification of the Sedimentary Rocks of Cornwall.
Trans. R. Geol. Soc. Cornwall, 1846, vi, pp. 317-326 (Gold in Australia, p. 325).
On the Distribution of Gold Ore in the Crust, and on the Surface of the Earth.
Brit. Assoc. Report for 1849, pt. 2, pp. 60-63 ; Mining Jour. 1849, xix, p. 450 ;
Ibid. 1850, XX, p. 110; Athenaeum Jour. 1850, No. 1167 (March 9th), pp. 265-266.
On the Anticipation of the Discovery of Gold in Austrcflia, with a general view
of the Conditions under which the Metal is distributed. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc.
1852, viii, pp. 134-136 ; Milling Jour. 1852, xxii, p. 81.
82 CATALOGUE.
MuRCHisoN (Sir R. I.) Anniversary Presidential Address to the Eoyal Geogfraphical
Society. Jour, B. Geogr, Soc, 1853, p. Ixii (Australia and its Gold, p. cxxv) ;
Proc. B. Soc. V. D. Land, 1853, ii, pt. 2, p. 338 {Ibid. p. 347).
Letter to His Grace the Duke of Newcastle, on the Discovery of Gold in Australia.
Pari Blue Book, Aug. 16th, 1853, p. 44.
Address at the Anniversary Meeting of the Royal Geographical Society, May
24th, 1852. Proc. B. Soc. V. D. Land, 1853, ii, pp. 338-351 (Austr. Geogr. and
Geol. pp. 347-351).
Siluria. The History of the oldest known Rocks containing Organic
Remains, with a brief sketch of the Distribution of Gold over the Earth,
pp. viii and 523, pis. 37 (8vo. London, 1854) (Australian Geology, &c. pp. 14,
449, 451, and App. K, p. 497).
Siluria. The History of the oldest Fossiliferous Rocks and their Foundations :
with a brief sketch of the Distribution of Gold over the Earth. Third edition
(including the '' Silurian System *') with maps and many additional Illustrations,
pp. xix and 592, pis. 41 (8vo. London, 1859) (Australian Geology, &c. pp. 10, 320,
489, and 567).
— ^ Siluria. A History of the oldest Rooks in the British Isles and other Countries,
&c. 4th edition, pp. xvii and 566, plates (8vo. London, 1867) (Palasozoic Rocks of
Australia, p. 18; Australian Geology and Gold, pp. 460-68).
MuEBAY (A.) The Geographical Distribution of Mammals (8vo. London, 1866).
Origin of Gold Nuggets and Gold Dust. Scientific Opinion, 1870, iii, p. 320.
(Hon. G. F.) Evidences of an Inland Sea, collected from the Natives of the
Swan River Settlement, pp. 64 (8vo. Dublin, 1837).
— ^ (R. A. F.) Quarter sheet 64, N. E. (Mount Mercer). Geol. Survey of Victoria,
under the direction of A. R. C. Selwyn. Scale : 2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne,
1868).
Plans showing Dyke and Quartz Lodes, Albert Co.'s Mine, Alexandria. Beport/t,
Mining Surveyors and Begistrara, Vict. No. 9, 30th June, p. 27 (fcap. Melbourne,
1870).
Paper on the Durham Lead from Sebastopol to Mount Mercer, Victoria. Ibid.
No. 9, 30th June, pp. 43-46 (fcap. Melbourne, 1870), with Geological Map of
Portion of the Durham Lead. Scale : 40 chains to 1 inch — see Etheridge (R., jun.),
- Geological Map of the Sandhurst Gold Field. Scale : 40 chains to 1 inch
(Melbourne, 1873).
Geological Map of the Ballaarat Gold Field. Scale : 40 chains to 1 inch, with
five horizontal sections. Scale : 40 chains to 1 inch horizontal, 400 feet to 1 inch
vertical (Melbourne, 1874).
CATALOGUI. 83
Murray (B. A. F.) Vertical Section of Davis' Shaft, Cape Paterson. Scale:
i inch to 1 foot. Smyth's Progress Report, No. 1, 1874 (to face p. 22).
Section showing Lignite Deposit, McKirley's Creek, near Cross-over Creek,
South Gippsland. Scale : 20 feet to 1 inch. Ibid. No. 1, 1874 (to face p. 28).
A Report on the Geology and Mineral Resources of Ballarat. Ibid. No. 1, 1874,
pp. 63-88.
Special Report on the Freestone Creek Deep Lead, near Briagolong. Reports,
Mining Surveyors and Reg. Vict, quarter ending June 30th, 1874, p. 41 (with plan) ;
Symth's Progress Report, No. 2, Geol. Survey, Vict. 1875, pp. 100-101 (with plan
showing position of Freestone Creek Deep Lead Co.'s Shaft. Scale : 60 chains to
1 inch).
Report on the Geology and Mineral Resources of South-western Gippsland
Smyth's Progress Report, No. 3, Geol. Survey Vict. 1876, pp. 134-174, with —
Geological Map of Tangil. Scale : 20 chains to 1 inch ; Geological Map of the Foster Gold Field.'
Scale : 20 chains to 1 inch ; and Plan showing Gold Workings and Dyke, Ttirkon's Creek, S.W.
Gippsland. Scale : 20 chains to 1 inch.
— Progress Report on the Geology of portions of the Country between the
Thomson and Wonnangatta Rivers, N. Gippsland. Oouchman's Progress Report,
for 1876, No. 4, Geol. Survey, Vict. (1877), pp. 52-57 (with Geological Map of
portion of the Parish of Glenmaggio, Gippsland. Scale: 40 chains to 1 inch).
— Report on the Geology of portion of the Cape Otway District. Ibid, for 1877,
No. 5 (1878), pp. 127-135 (with Geological Sketch Map of portion of Cape Ofcway
District. Scale: 2 miles to 1 inch).
— Geological Sketch Map, Sheet No. 2, South-east Gippsland, Report of Progress.
Ibid, for 1877, No. 5 (1878), pp. 44-70, with—
(a) Section of Beds at the Snowy Blnff, Gippsland. (6) Actoal and Ideal Sections from Ck)nnor'8
Plain to Snowy Bluff. Scale : Hor. 18 miles to 1 inch, Vert. 12,000 feet to 1 inch, (c) Plan and
Section Donelly's Creek Gold Workings. Scale : 40 chains to 1 inch, (d) Sketch Section of Crinoline
Reef, Florence Company, Donelly's Creek. (0) Sketch Sections, Edward's and Harp Reefs, Gippsland
Consols Gold Mining Company. (/) Sketch Sections, Sterling Tonnel. {g) Longitadinal Section
showing Anriferons Shoot in the Walhalla and Long Tunnel Company's Mines, Cohen's Reef,
Walhalla. Scale : 160 feet to 1 inch, {h) Sections of Short Long Tunnel, and Walhalla Company's
Mines. Scale : 160 feet to 1 inch. {%) Sections of Lodes and Dykes, Long Tunnel Mine, {k) Plan
and Sections of Tunnel Great Extended Walhalla Gold Mining Company. Scale: 20 chains to 1 inch.
(I) Sections of Dykes, Longfellow's Reef. Scale : 100 feet to 1 inch, (m) Sections of **Fear not"
Mine, and *' Happy Go Lucky *' Reef, (n) Plan and Sections of Walhalla Copper Mine, ThooMon
Ri?cr.
— Report on the Geological Survey of portions of Dargo and Bogong. Ibid. 1877,
No. 5 (1878), pp. 96-111 (with Geological Sketch Map of Portions of the Counties
of Dargo and BogODg. Scale; 2 miles to 1 inch).
— Report on the Geological Survey of the Woods Point District, Victoria. Ibid.
for 1878-79, No. 6 (1880), pp. 36-38.
6 ♦
84 CATALOGUE.
Murray (B. A. F.) Report on the Geological Survey of the Russell's Creek Gold
Field, Gippsland. Couchman*8 Progress Report, for 1878-79, No. 6, Oeol. Survey ,
Vict. (1880), pp. 39-47 (with Geological Sketch Map of the Russell's Creek Gold
Field. Scale : 1 mile to 1 inch).
Remarks on Sites near Smeaton and Clunes, suitable for bores for testing the
relative depths of the Basaltic Rocks, and ascertaining the direction of deep
Auriferous Leads. Ibid, 1880, No*. 6, pp. 48-51, with —
(a) Plan of portion of County of Talbot showing sites recommended for boring for extension of the
Deep Leads of Creswick and Clnncs.
— Report on the Proposed Scheme for the Underground Drainage of the
Sebastopol Plateau, and Durham Lead. Ibid, for 1880, No. 6, pp. 51-55, with —
(a) Plan of the Ballarat, Sebastopol, and Bnningong Gold Field, in Two sheets. Scale : 2 inches to
1 mile, (b) Plan of Undergronnd workings of the Band of Hope and Albion Consols Ckxnpany,
Ballarat. Scale : 300 feet to 1 inch.
—— Report on a Coal Seam in the Parish of Barongarook, near Colac. Ibid. 1880,
No. 6, p. 56 (with Plan showing position of Coal Seam discovered near Colac.
Scale : 2 miles to 1 inch) .
Report on a Coal Seam at the head of Mosquito Creek, Parish of Moe. Ibid.
1880, No. 6, p. 57 (with Diagrams illustrating occurrelice of Coal Seam on Peter
Mills' Selection, Parish of Moe. Sc^le : 40 feet to 1 inch).
— and Griscom (C.) Report relative to the Selection of suitable sites for boring
for Coat in the Western Port and Gippsland Districts. Ibid. 1880, No. G, pp.
58-59, with—
(a) Map of Western Port and Cape Patterson Cool Fields. Scale : 100 chains to 1 inch, (b) Sketch
map of a portion of the Coal-bearing Strata of Gippsland, showing bites recommended for boring.
Scale : 2 miles to 1 inch.
— (S.) Plan of the Hepburn Line of Reefs, Daylesford. B^porta, Mining Surv. and
Registrars, Vict. No. 26, March 31st, 1871.
— (W.) On a Peculiar Substance in the Limestone Caves of South Australia.
Geologist, 1862, v, p. 63.
NANKiVELii (R.) Plan and Sections of the Beehive Company's Mine, Maldon, with
• Remarks. Reports, Mining SHr^J. and Registrars, Vict. No. 1, 1870.
Plans and Sections of the Great Western Quartz Mining Company, Beehive Reef,
Maldon. Reports, Mining Sitru. and Registrars, No. 3 (? 1872).
Napier (P.) Notes on the Physical Geography of the North Coast of Australia. Proc.
Phil. Soc. Glasgow, 1876, x. No. 1, pp. 40-50 (map); also as a Pamphlet, pp. 11
{8vo. Glasgow, 1876).
Nedhauss (Otto) Goldvorkommeu in Australien. Zoit. der Dents. Oeologisch.
Gesellsch. 1853, r, p. 267.
CATAliOOUE. 85
Neumayek (Dr. G.) Oii a Project for the Scientific Exploration of Centml Australia.
Froc, It, Gcogr. Soc. 18G8, xii, p. 286.
Newbeby (J. C.) Geol. Survey of Victoria. Laboratory Report for tlie Year 1865.
lleporti relative to tite GeoL Survey of Vict. 1865, No. 14, App. C. pp. 13-14
(fcap. Melbourne, 1866).
On the Mineral Waters of Victoria. Trans. R. Soc. Vict. 1868, viii, p. 278.
Geological Survey of Victoria. Laboratory Report for the years 1866-67.
Itcport of the Director, Geol. Survey, Vict. 1868, No. 15, pp. 20-21 (fcap.
Melbourne, 1868).
On the formation of Gold Nuggets in Auriferous Drift. Ibid. 1869, ix, pt. 2,
pp. 52-60.
On the Ornamental Stones of the Colony of Victoria. Ibid: 1869, ix, pt. 2,
pp. 79-85.
Laboratory Reports of the Mining Department of Victoria. Examinations,
Analyses, and Assays of Specimens from the Mining Districts. Mineral Statislica
of Vict, for the year 1869, App. D, pp. 50-52; Ibid, for the year 1870, No. 4,
App. D; Ibid, for the year, 1871, No. 8, App. D, pp. 48-49 ; Ibid, for the year 1872,
No. 7, App. D, pp. 55-56 (fcap. Melbourne, 1870-1873).
— Laboratory Report of Analyses, Examinations and Assays of Specimens from
Mining Districts of Victoria. Smyth's Progress Report, Geol. Survey, Vict. 1875,
No. 2, pp. 127-134; Ibid. Report 3, 1876, pp. 290-307; Couchman's Progress
Report, Geol. Survey, Vict. 1877, No. 4, pp. 159-175; Ibid. Report 5, 1878,
pp. 177-190 ; Ibid. Report 6, pp. 72-79.
— Analyses of a Parcel of Cobaltiferous Manganese Ore, from a dyke at the
Little Dorrit Claim, Grant, &c. Ibid, for 1876, No. 4, 1877, p. 117.
— Report on the examination of specimens of Black Basalt and Anamesite
from Learmonth. Ibid, for 1877, No. 5, Geol. Survey, Vict. 1878, pp. 81-82.
— Reports of the Government Analyst on Rocks and Coals collected at Cape
Patterson. Appendix C. Report of the Board, Western Port Coal Fields,
pp. 28-29 (fcap. Melbourne, 1872).
— On the formation of Hyalite by the action of Ammonia. Trans, R, Soc. Vict.
1879, XV, pp. 49-51.
— Some New Localities for Minerals in Victoria. Ibid, 1880, xvi, pp. 144-45*
New Caledonia — Geology of New Caledonia. American Jour. 1876, 3rd ser. xi,
pp. 151-152.
Newcastle Coal Field — see Clarke (Rev. W. B.); Keene (W.); Leichhardt (L*)
Mackenzie (J.) ; Plews (H. T.).
80 CATALOGUE.
New Guinea — ace Wilkinson (C. S.) ; Woods (Rev. J. E. T.).
Gold in — see Wilkinson (C. S.).
Newman ( — ) Report on the Tin Mines of Tasmania. Iron, 1875, vi, p. 711.
New South Wales — The Colony of New South Wales. Its Agricultural, Pastoml,
and Mining Capabilities, compiled by the Commissioners of the Colonial
Government, International Exhibition of 18C2, i)p. 10 (8vo. London, 1862) (Mining
Information, p. 11).
Its Progress and Resources, pp. 31 (8vo, Sydney, 1870).
Geological Surveys: — Papers relating to Geological Surveys, laid upon the
Council Table, by the Colonial Secretary, and ordered by tho Council to be printed,
2nd December, 1851, pp. 109 (fcap. Sydney, 1852)— <vee aho Beche (Sir 11. T. de la) ;
Bristow (H. W.) ; Roy (Sir C. A. Fitz-) ; Stutchbury (S.).
Correspondence between the Colonial Secretary (E. Deas Thomson, Esq.), and
the Geological Surveyor (S. Stutchbury, Esq.), relative to. Papers relative to
Qeol. Surveys, 2nd Dec. 1851, pp. 9-18 (fcap. Sydney, 1852).
Gold Districts. Papers relative to the Gold Districts of New South AV'alcs, laid
upon tho Council Table by tho Colonial Secretary, and ordered by tho Council to be
printed, 21:th June, 1852, pp. 17 (fcap. Sydney, 1852) — see Hardy (J. R.).
Mines, Inspectors of — see Sleo (W. II. J.) ; Wood (H.).
Mines and Mineral Statistics, 1875. New South Wales, Intercolonial and
Philadelphia International Exhibition. Mines and Mineral Statistics of New
South Wales, and Notes on the Geological Collection of the Department of
Mines, &c. pp. 252 (8vo. Sydney, 1875), with —
(a) Sketch Map of N. S. Wales, showing the localities of the Principal Minerals, 1875 : Scale, 50 miles
to 1 inch ; and other maps and sections.
— «ee also Gower (G. H.); Liversidgo (Profi A.) ; Moody (R. W.).
Reports of the Gold Fields Wardens, 1874. Mines and Mineral Statistics,
N. S. Wales, for 1875, pp. 14-48 — see Browne (T. A.) ; Buchanan ( — ) ; Clarke
( — ) ; Dalton ( — ) ; De Boos (C.) ; Hutton ( — ) ; Johnston ( — ).
— Mines and Mineral Statistics, 1876. Annual Report of the Department of Mines,
N. S. Wales, for the year 1876, pp. v and 184, plans, maps, sections (4to* Sydney,
1877) — see also Liversidge (Prof. A.) ; Mackenzie (J.) ; Masters (J.) ; Slee
(W. H. J.).
— Reports of tho Gold Fields Wardens, 1876. Ann,. Report, Dept, of Mines, N. S*
Wales, for 1876, pp. S(j'73~sc€ Dalton (— ).
— Reports of tho Mining Registrars, 1876. Ibid, for 1876, pp. 74-116-— «ee Gower
(G*H.)i Margules (U.).
CATALOGUE, 87
Nbw Soath Wales Mines and Mineral Statistics^ 1877. Annual Report of the
Department of Mines, New South Wales, for the year 1877, pp. 212, maps, plans,
&c. (4to. Sydney, 1878)— «ee also Wood (H.) ; Pittman (E. F.) ; Masters (J.) ;
Lewis (T.) ; Liversidge (Prof. A.) ; Mackenzie (J.) ; Slee (W. H. J.).
Reports of the Gold Fields Wardens, 1877. Ann. Report, Dept. of Mines,
N. 8. Wales, for 1877, pp. 58-113 — see also Buchanan (— ); Dalton (— ).
Reports of the Mining Registrars, 1877. Ibid, for 1877, pp. 114-155 — see also
Gower (G. H.).
Mines and Mineral Statistics, 1878. Annual Report of the Department of
Mines, New South Wales, for the year 1878, pp. 179, maps, &c. (4to. Sydney,
1879) — see also Dixon (W. A.) ; Etheridge (R., jun.) ; Lewis (T.) ; Liversidge
(Prof. A.) ; Mackenzie (J.) ; Mueller (Baron F. von) ; Slee (W. H. J.).
Reports of the Gold Fields Wardens, 1878. Ann. Report, Dept. of Mines, N. S.
Wales, for 1878, pp. 61-96— ^te also Dalton (— ).
Reports of the Mining Registrars, 1878. Ibid, for 1878, pp. 97-133 — see also
Dalton (— ) ; Gower (G. H.) ; Graham (— ).
' Mines and Mineral Statistics, 1879. Annual Report of the Department of
Mines, New South Wales, for the year 1879, pp. 231, maps, &o. (4to. Sydney,
1880) — see also Dixon (W. A.) ; Lewis (T.) ; Liversidge (Prof. A.) ; Mackenzie (J.) ;
Pittman (E. F.) ; Wilkinson (C. S.) ; and Young (L.).
Reports of the Gold Fields Wardens, and Mining Registrars, 1879. Ann. Report,
Dept. of Mines, N. S. Wales, for 1879, pp. 69-189 — see also Browne (T. A.) ;
Dalton (— ) ; Gower (G. H.) ; Graham (— ) ; Margules (H.) ; Maybury (C. E. B.) ;
Sharp (E. A.).
Reports of Geological Survey — see Pittman (E. F.) ; Wilkinson (C. S.) ;
Young (L.) — see also Maps.
Newton (E. T.) On "Tasmanite'* and Australian "White Coal.'* Geol. Mag.
1875, Dec. 2, ii, pp. 337-342, t. 10.
Nicholas (W.) Special Report on the Geology of the Country between Tallarook and
Longwood, on the North-eastern Railway, Vict. Reports, Mining Surveyors and
Regs. Vict, for the quarter ending March Slst, 1874, pp. 39-40; Smyth's Progress
Report, No. 2, Geol. Survey, Vict. 1875, pp. 118-121 (with plan and sections
showing the Upper Palasozoic Rocks between Tallarook and Longwood, Scale:
8 miles to 1 inch).
Notes on the Quartz Reefs, or Lodes, of Sandhurst, Victoria, Australia*
Trans. R. Oeol. Soc. Cornwall, 1875, ix, pt. i, pp. 78-97.
Report on the Geological Features of the Country near Mount Piper. Smyth's
Progress Report, No. 2, Oeol. Survey, Vict. 1875, pp. 121-125 (with plan of the
Upper Silnriaji and Newer Volcanic Rocks between Tallarook and Eilmorei
Scale : 8 miles to 1 inch).
88 CATALOGUE.
Nicholas (W.) Localities of iliiierals whicli occur in Victoria. Smyth's Progress
Report, No. 3, Geol Survey, Vict. 1876, pp. 280-288.
Report on the Discovery of Coal at Sunbury. Ibid. 1876, pp. 288-290.
Notes on some Characteristics of Auriferous Quartz Reefs or Veins. Couchman's
Progress Report for 1876, No. i, Geol, Survey, Vid. 1877, pp. 145-154 (tables).
Remarks on the Geology and Mining Resources of the North Waranga Mining
Subdivision. Ibid, for 1877, No. 5 (1878), pp. 153-159 (with Geological Sketch
Map of portion of the North Waranga Mining Division. Scale : 8 miles to 1
inch).
Quartz Mining at Rushworth. Ibid, for 1877, No. 5 (1878), pp. 160-164
(with Sketch Plan of Gold Workings at Rushworth. Scale : 2 miles to 1 incb).
Quartz Mining at Whroo. Ibid, for 1877, No. 5 (1878), pp. 165-169 (with
Sketch Plan of Gold Workings at Whroo. Scale: 2 mile to 1 inch),
Quartz Mining at Coy's Diggings. Ibid, for 1877, No. 5 (1878), pp. 170-171. '
Quartz Mining at Cherry Tree Flat and Fontainbleau. Ibid, for 1877, No. 5
(1878), pp. 171-174.
NicHOLLS (C. F.) Probability of a Deep Lead of Gold round Melbourne, pp. 14
(8vo. Melbourne, 1865).
Nicholson (C.) On Fossil Bones imbedded in the banks of the. Brisbane River, New
South Wales. Proc. Geol Soc. 1842, iv, p. 23.
(Dr. — ) On Bituminized Wood from an Excavation at Ulawarra. The
Sydney Colonist, 1835, i. No. 8, pp. 61-02.
(Prof. H. A.) On the Structure and Affinities of the Tabulate Coi-als of the
PalsBOzoic Period with critical descriptions of Illustrative Species, pp. xii and
342, pis. 15 (8vo. Edinburgh, 1879) (Observations on Genera Arceapora, N. and E.
pp. 165-168; Stcnoyora, Lonsd. pp. 168-177, &c.).
On the Structure and Affinities of the Genus Monticnlipora and its Sub-Genera,
with critical Descriptions of Illustrative Species, pp. xvi and 240, pis. 6 (8vo.
Edinburgh and London, 1881) — (sec Stenojmra, &c. p. 79).
and Etheridgc (R., jun.) Description of Palaeozoic Corals, from Northern
Queensland, with Observations on the Genus Stenopora. Annals Nat. Hist. 1879,
iv, pp. 216 and 269; N. Jahrbuch, 1880, ii, p. 402.
Nickel and Cobalt— ^re Dixon (W. A.) ; Liversidge (Prof. A.) ; Typke (P. G. W.).
NiCKBr^ (B.) The Metal Sands of Australia. Mining Jour. 1860, xxx, p. 486.
NicoLL (W.) Observations on the Fossil Trees of Van Dicmau's Land. Edinb. N. Phil.
Jour. 1831, X, pp. 361-364.
CATALOGUE. 89
NicoLL (W.) On Fossil Wood from Newcastle, New South Wales. Edinb. N. Phil.
Jour. 1833, xiv, pp. 155-158, plate 3; Froriep. Notizen, xxxvii, 1833, col. 5-7;
Jahrb, fur Mineralogic, 1833, p. 618.
On the Anatomical Structure of Recent and Fossil Woods. Brit, Assoc. Report
for 1834, pt. 2, p. 660.
NissEB (P.) On the Geological Distribution of Gold, &c. Trans, Phil. Inst Vict. 1860,
iv, pp. 15-40.
On the Origin of the Metals in the Pleistocene Detritus. Melbourne Minimj
Journal, 1861, iii, p. 99.
Norfolk Island — see Maconochie (Capt.).
NoBMAN (W. H.) Victoria Exploration Expedition. Report of Commander Norman,
of H.M.C.S. " Victoria, '* together with Copy of his Journal on the late Expedition
to the Gulf of Carpentaria, No. 109, pp. 31 (fcap. Melbourne, 1861-62).
NoRRiE (J. S.) Details of Assays of a picked specimen of Bathurst Gold. Proc.
R. Soc. V. D. Land, 1852, ii, pt. 1, pp. 154-155.
Analysis of Australian and New Zealand Coals. Sydney Mag, Science and Art,
1858, i, p. 94.
North Australia— i?ee Earl (G. W.) ; Thompson (H. A.) ; Plunkett (J. A.).
Western Australia — see Fitton (W. H.) ; Gregory (F. T.) ; Napier (F.) ; Wilson
(J. G.>.
NowELL (B. C.) Report on the Statistics of Tasmania. Paper relating to Her
Majesty's Colonial Possessions, part 1, pp. 218-242 (8vo.).
Nuggets — The *' King of Nuggets,^' the largest specimen of pure Gold found in
Australia. American Jour. Sc, 1852, 2nd ser. xiv, p. 440.
List of Gold Nuggets found in Victoria from Ist October, 1874, to 30th September,
1875. Swtjth's Progress Report, No. o, Geol. Survey, Vict. 1876, pp. 118-119.
List of Gold Nuggets found in Victoria from Ist October, 1875, to 30th Sept.
1870. Couchman's Progress Report, No. 4, Qeol, Survey, Vict, 1877, p. 49,
List of Gold Nuggets found in Victoria from 1st October, 1876, to 30th
September, 1877. Ibid, iso. 5, 1878, p. 43.
the same, from 1st October, 1877, to 30th June, 1879. Ibid. No. 6, 1880,
p. 35.
(Gold) — see Birkmyre ( — ) ; Murray (A.) ; Newbery (J. C.) ; Skey (W.) ;
Tennant (Prof. J.) ; Wilkinson (C. S.).
NuLLiroKES, Fossil— i?e« Waters (A. W.).
Obituary Notice — Two Australian Geologists. The Rev. W. B. Clarke, m.a., and
Richard Daintree, c.m.g. Nature, 1878, xviii, p. 389 — see Clarke (Rev. W. B.) ;
Etheridge (R., jun.).
90 CATALOOUIB.
Odernheimer (Dr. F.) Catalogue of a Collection of Kocks and Minerals from the Gold
Fields of the Peel River Land and Mineral Company's Estate^ and adjoining
District, Liverpool Plains, County of Parry. Cat. Nat. aiid Indust. Productif,
N. 8. Wales, 1854, pp. 62-55 (4to. Sydney, 1854).
On the Geology of part of the Peel River District in Australia. Quart.
Jour. Geol. Soc. 1855, xi, pp. 399-402.
Catalogue of a Collection of Rocks and Minerals of the Peel River Land and
Mineral Company's Estate and adjoining Districts, Liverpool Plain, &c. British
Cat. Exposition Universelle, Paris, 1855, pp. 110-112 (large 8vo. London, 1855).
Das Festland Australien Geographische, Naturwissenschaftliche und Kultur-
geschichtliche Skizzen, pp. 151 (8vo. Wiesbaden, 1861).
"Officer, A Retired.'' — The Friend of Australia; or, a Plan for Exploring the
Interior, and for carrying on a Survey of the whole Continent of Australia,
pp. 428 (8vo. London, 1830), with map and plates.
Olfus ( — von) Goldkrystalle aus Australien. Zeit. Deuts. Geol. Oesellsch. 1855,
vii, p. 3.
Oliphant (W.) On Lignite from the Ballarat Gold Field. Proc. II. Phys. Soc.
Edinb. 1858, i, p. 405.
Organic Remains (Fossils) — st^e Dana (Prof. J. D-.) ; Duncan (Prof. P. M.) ;
Etheridge (R.) ; Etheridge (R., jun.) ; De Koninck (Pro. L. G.) ; Lonsdale (W.) ;
McCoy (Prof. F.); Moore (C.) ; Owen (Prof. R.) ; Tate (Prof. R.) ; Woods (Rev.
J. E. T.).
OsERSKY (A. V.) Ueber das russische Riesen-goldgesohiebe. Verhandl. K. K.Mineral,
Oesellsch. St. Petersb. 1843, pp. 70-80 (References to the Islands Celebes,
Borneo, Ac).
Owen (Prof. R.) Odontography, op a Treatise on the Comparative Anatomy of the
Teeth, &c. (2 vols. 8vo. London, 1840-45) (Teeth of Diprotodon, Nototheriv^vi, &c.
pp. 394-396, Ac).
— — Descriptive Catalogue of the Osteological Series contained in the Museum of the
Royal College of Surgeons of England (4 to. London) (vol. i, 1853, Pisces, Reptilia,
Aves and Marsupialia).
On the Discovery of the Remains of a Mastodontoid Pachyderm in Australia.
Annals Mag. Nat. Hist. 1848, xi, pp. 7-12; Nenes Jahrb.fur Min. 1843, p. 372.
Additional Evidence proving the Australian Pachyderm to be a Dinotherium.
With Remarks on the Nature and Affinity of that Genus. Annals Nat. Hist.
1843, xii, pp. 329-332.
Report on the Extinct Mammals of Australia, with Descriptions of certain Fossils
indicative of the former Existence in that Continent of large Marsupial Representa-
tives of the Order Pachydermata. Brit. Assoc. Report for 184i, pp. 223-240;
Athenceum, July, 1845 ; Tas* Jour. Nat. Sc. ii, No. 2, pp. 455-56 ; American Jour.
Sc. 1846, 2 ser. i, pp. 129-130.
92 OATALOOUE.
OwKN (Prof. R.) On a Collection of Fossil Bones from Risdon, Tasmania. Papers
and Proc. B. Soc. Tas. 1867 (June), p, 18.
Oq the Fossil Mammals of Australia, Part iii. On Diprotodan Ausiralis (Owen).
Proc. R. Soc, 1870, xviii, p. 196; Phil. Trans, clx, p. 519, pis. 35-50.
On the Fossil Mammals of Australia. Part iv. On the Dentition and Mandible
of Thylacoleo camifex (Owen), with Remarks on the Arguments for its Herbivority.
Proc. R. Soc. 1870, xix, p. 95 ; Phil. Trans. 1871, clxi, pp. 213, pis. 11-14.
On the Fossil Mammals of Australia. Pt. v. On the Genus Nototherium (Owen).
Proc. R. Soc. 1871, xix, p. 494; Geol. Mag. viii, p. 464; Phil. Trans. 1872, clxii,
p. 41, pis. 2-11.
' On the Fossil Mammals of Australia. Pt. vr. On the Genus Phascolomys
(Geoffrey). Proc. R. Soc. 1871, xx, p. 66; Phil. Trans. 1872, clxii, p. 173,
pis. 17-23.
On the Fossil Mammals of Australia. Pt. vii. On the Genus Phascolomys,
Species exceeding the existing ones in size. Proc. R. Soc. 1872, xx, p. 306;
Phil. Trans. 1872, clxii, p. 241, pis. 32-40.
On Dinornis. Part xix, containing a description of a Femur indicative of
a new Genus of large Wingless Bird {Dromornis Australis) from a Post-Tertiary
Deposit in Queensland, Australia. Trans. ZooV. Soc. 1873, viii, pt. 3, pp. 381-384,
pis. 62-63.
-^ On the Fossil Mammals, of Australia. Part viii. Family Macropodidao : Genera
Macropus, Oaphranter, Phascolagus, Sthenurus, and Proteninodon. Proc. R. Soc.
1873, xxi, p. 126 ; Phil. Trans. 1874, clxiv, pt. 1, pp. 245-287, pis. 20-27.
On the Fossil Mammals of Australia. Part ix. Family Macropodidae : Genera
Macropics, Pachysiagon, Leptosiagon, Procoptodon, and Palorchestes. Proc. R. Soc.
1873, xxi, p. 386 ; Phil. Trans. 1874, clxiv, pt. 2, pp. 783-98, pis. 76-83.
— On the Physical' Configuration of Australia, and its Geological Causes.
]Varbicrton's Journey across the W. Interior of Austr. ^*c. 1875, pp. 294-296,
— On the Fossil Mammals of Australia. Part x. Family MacropodidaB : The
Mandibular dentition and parts of the Skeleton of Palorchestes, with additional
Evidences of Sthennrns, Macropus Titan, and Procoptodon. Proc. R. Soc. 1875,
xxiii. No. 162, p. 451 (abstract) ; Phil. Trans. 1876, clxvi, pt. i, pp. 197-226.
— Researches on the Fossil Remains of the Extinct Mammals of Australia, &c.
(2 vols. 4to. London, 1877).
— Notice of a Memoir on Additional Evidence recently obtained as to the
occurrence of Extinct Gigantic Birds allied to Dromornis in Australia. Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1877, pt. 1, p. 95.
— Additional Evidence of the Genus Dromornis in Australia. Trans. Zool. Soc.
1877, X, pt. 3, pp. 186-188, pi. 32.
— On the Extinct Animals of the Colonies of Great Britain. Pop. Set. Beviewi
1879, No. 11, pp. 253-273 (AustraUa, p. 265).
CATALOGUE. 93
Owen (Prof. R.) Description of a Portion of a Mandible and Teeth of a large extinct
Kangaroo {Palorcheates crassiis, Ow.) from ancient Fluviatile Drift, Queensland.
Trans. ZooL Soc. 1880, xi, pt. i, pp. 7-10, pi. 2.
Description of some Remains of the Gigantic Land-Lizard {Megalania prUica,
Owen) from Australia. Part 2. Proc. R, Soc, 1879, xxix, p. 304; Phil. Tram.
1880, clxxi, pt. 3, pp. 1037-1050, pis. 34-38.
OxLEY (J.) Journals of Two Expeditions into the Interior of New South Walof?,
undertaken by order of the British Government in the years 1817-18, with maps
and views of the Interior, or newly discovered Country, pp. 408 (4to. London,
1820).
Report of an Expedition to survey Port Curtis, Moreton Bay and Port Bowen,
&c. Field's Oeograph. Mem. on N. S. Wales, ^c. 1825 (8vo. pp. 1-26) (Notes on
the Soils, &c.).
Papers, Parliamentary — see Goalen (Lieut. W. N.) ; Thomson (E. Deas) ; Roy (Sir — ).
Parker (W. K.) and Jones (T. R.) Notes on Fossil Poraminifera from the Polyzoal
Limestone of Mount Gambier, South Australia. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. 1860,
xvi, p. 261.
Parkinson (J.) Organic Remains of a Former World, &c. (3 vols. 4to. London, 1820)
(Fossil Wood from Preservation Island, i, p. 381).
Parrott (J. S.) Sixteen Sheets of Mining Plans, Hawkins Hill, near Hill End and
Tambaroora, N. S. Wales. To accompany Ann. Beport, Dept. of Mines, N. S,
Wales, for 1879 (Sydney, 1880).
Pechar (J.) Paris International Exhibition, 1878. Coal and Iron in all the Countries
of the World. Compiled from Official Sources and with the assistance of Eminent
living Authorities, pp. xvi and 223 (8vo. London, n. d.) (Australia, p. 219).
Peers (J. G.) Special Report on the Bendoc Gold Field. Reports of the Mining Surv.
and Regist, No. 55, 1869.
Penny (Prof.) Report on the Chemical Qualities and Analysis of a CombiLstible
Mineral Substance from the Mersey River, Tasmania, &c. Proc. R. Soc. V. D. Land,
1855, iii, pt. 1, p. 108-115.
Report on the Chemical Qualities and Analysis of a Chemical Substance from
Van Dieman's Land; forwarded by Mr. A. McNaughtan, Hobart Town, through
Mr. R. McNaughtan, Glasgow, sent to Sir W. Denison by Mr. McNaughtan.
Sijdney Ma^. Science and Art, 1859, ii, pp. 213-215.
PENTiiAND (W.) Communication verbal sur les Ossements trouves dans une Brecho
calcaire sur la Riviere de Hunter (N. S. Wales). Bxdl. Soc. Oeol, de France, 1830,
i, p. 144.
On the Fossil Bones of Wellington Valley, New Holland. Edinh, N, Phil. Jour.
18:V2, xii. pp. 301-308; Jahrh. ii'tr Mineralogie, 1833, p. 603,
94
CATALOQUJC.
Pentland ( W.) Observations on a Collection of Fossil Bones, sent to Baron Cuvier from
New Holland. Edinb. N. Phil. Jour. 1833, xxviii, p. 120, plate 5 -, Froriep. Notizen.
1833, col. 231-233; Jahrb.fur Mhieralogie, 1833, p. 605.
Peppebcorne (P. S.) Australian Topography. Historical Sketch of the Progress of
Inland Discovery in Australia. Waugh'a Austr. Almanac for the year 1861, pp.
31-42 j Ibid. 1862, pp. 29-48 ; Ibid. 1863, pp. 45-51.
Sketches of Australian Geology. Ibid. 1864, pp. 31-50.
Percy (Dr. J.) The Metallurgical Treatment and Assaying of Gold Ores. Lecture 5,
Lecturefi on Gold, 2nd ed. 1853, pp. 121-165.
Iron in Queensland. Milling Jour. 1874, xliv, p. 947.
Peron (M. p.) Voyage do Decouverte aux Terres Australes. Historique^ i, pp. 490
(4to. Paris, 1807) (Geological notes scattered through).
and Freycinet (L.) Voyage de Decouvertes aux Terres Australes, &c. Historique,
ii (4to. Paris, 1816).
and Freycinet (L.) An account of Peron's Peninsula in Shark's Bay, W. Australia,
&c. Cheek^s Edinb. Jour. Nat. and Geogr. Science, 1830, ii, p. 249, t. 6.
Petebmann (A.) On the Interior of Australia. Brit, Assoc. Report for 1853, pt. 2,
pp. 89-90 (1854).
Zur Physicalischen Geographic der Australischon Provinz Victoria. Mittheilungen,
1855, pp. 345-360.
Zur Gcographie von Australien und Tasmauien. Ibid. 1856, pp. 439-443.
Australien nach dem Stande der geographischen Kenntniss in 1871, nach
originalen und offiziellen quellen Kartographisch. Nebst einem geographisch-
statistischen Compendium von C. B. Meinicke. Geogr. Mittheilungen, Ergdnzungs-
band, vi, 1869-71, No. 29, pp. 28. 1 Abth. : die nordhalfte Australiens, in 4
Kartenbliittern ; No. 30. pp. 15. 2 Abth.: die siidhalfto Australiens, in 4 Karten-
blattern (4to. Gotha, 1871), Maassstab, i, 3,500,000 (scattered Geological Notes on
Map, &c.).
PETERS\yoLD (W, J.) Report on the South Australian Gold Fields. Mining Jour. 1871,
xli, p. 322.
Petroleum — Correspondence, &c. respecting the existence of Petroleum in New South
Wales, pp. 22 (fcap. Sydney, 1867), Map, Sections, &c. (contains a paper by
W. Keene, pp. 5-21, with numerous woodcuts),
-; see Doyle (P.) ; Keene (W.).
Petrology — see Howitt (A. W.). >
Phacolitis — see Rath (G. vom).
Phillips (J.) Geology of Gold. Mining Jour. 1857, xxvii, p. 613.
Geology of Australasia. Ibid. 1855, xxv, p. 274.
96 CATALOOUH.
Playpaib (Dr. L.) On the Chemical Properties of Gold, and on the mode of
distinguishing it from other substivnces resembling it. . Lecture 3, Lectures on Qold,
2nd ed. 1853, pp. 69-82.
Flews (H. T.) On the Coal Field of New South Wales. N. Enyhnul Mining
Inst, Jour. 1858, vi, pfc. 3, pp. 21-48 (plans and plates).
Flunkett (J. A.) On the Gold Fields of the Northern Territory of S. Australia.
Havens' South Australia, &c. 1876, pp. 168-174 (8vo. London, 1876).
Polyzoa, Fossil— «e<3 Busk (Prof. G.) ; Etheridge (R., jun.) ; Stoliczka (Dr. P.) ;
Watts (H.) ; Wilson (J. B.) ; Woods (Rev. J. E. T.).
Port Jackson — Report of the Commission appointed to inquire into the condition
of the Harbour of Port Jackson; together with Minutes of Proceedings, Verbal
Evidence, Answers to Queries and Appendix, pp. 105 (fcap. Sydney, 1866)
(with Plans, &c.).
Phillip— 5pe Westgarth (W.).
Powell (G. S. Baden-) New Homes for the Old Country. A Personal Experience
of. the Political and Domestic Life, the Industries and the Natural History of
Australia and New Zealand, pp. xx and 512 (8vo. London, 1872) (Division 4,.
Mineral Wealth, p. 235).
Pbincrp (J.) Analysis of several Indian, Chinese and New Holland Coals. Edinb.
JV, rhil Jour. 1832, xxvii, pp. 347-349.
PBOSPECTiNa Operations — Resume of Prospecting Parties^ Operations. Couchman's
Progress Report, No. 4, Geol, Survey, Vict. 1877, pp. 176, with —
(a) Plan showing area prospected by the Mt. Bdler Party, (b) Plan showing area prospected by
the Up. Yarra Party, (c) Plan showing area prospected by the Moyston Party. (d) Plan
showing area prospected by the Colac Party, (e) Plan showing area prospected by the S. Gippsland
Party, No. 1. (/) Plan showing area prospected by the S. Gippsland Party, No. 2. Scale: 8 miles
to 1 inch, (g) Plan showing area prospected by the Nortii Gippsland Party, No. 1. [h) Plan
showing area prospected by the North Gippsland Party, No. 2. Scale : 8 chains to 1 inch.
Resume of Prospecting Parties. Ibid. No. 5, 1878, pp. 190-215 (with map
of Victoria, showing areas prospected. Scale : 35 miles to 1 inch).
see Krause (F. M.) ; Stevens (T.).
Pbyob (J.) The Tasmanian Tin Fields. Mining Jour. 1879, xlix, p. 167.
PuOH (T. P.) A Brief Outline of the Geographical Position, Population, Climate,
Resources, Capabilities, Form of Government, Land Laws, Trade, Revenue, &c.
&c. &c. of the Colony of Queensland, pp. 88 (8vo. Brisbane, 1861).
Pyrites, Iron — see Latta (J.) ; Shirers ( — ) .
Quartz Calciner — ^Wilkinson's — see Wilkinson (D.) ; Selwyn (A. R. C).
Crushing Machine — Appleton's — see Selwyn (A. R. C).
Grinder and Amalgamator. Illustration of Patent Grinder and Amalgamator,
by Denny and Roberts, now at work at the School of Mines, Ballaarat. Aim.
B^iwrt School of Mines, Ballaarat, 1879 (to face p. 27).
CATALOGUE. 97
Quartz Beefs and Veins (Tables of, Strike and Dip of), N. S. Wales — see Wood (H.).
Tailings — see Liversidge (Prof. A.).
Queensland — The Mineral Wealth of Queensland. Mining Jour. 1873, xliii, p. 815;
Coll. Guardian, 1874, xxvii, p. 757.
Harbours and Rivers — Report from the Select Committee on the Rivers and
Harbours of the Colony, together with the Proceedings of the Committee, and
Minutes of Evidence, pp. 53 (fcap. Brisbane, 186 i).
— - Gold Mining in. Jour. Soc, Arts, 1881, xxix. No. 1481, p. 452.
Reports of Geological Survey — see Aplin (C. D'O. H.) ; Daintree (R.) ; Gregory
(A. C.)j Jack (R. L.).
Hand Book for Emigrants to Queensland, Australia, pp. 10 (8vo. n. ^.) (Minerals,
p. 7).
Queensland as a Field for Emigmtion, *pp. C8 (8vo. n. d,) (The Gold Fields,
p. 33).
Radley (W.) a Golden Vision from Australasia. Mining Jour. 1859, xxix, p. 371.
Ralph (T. H.) Observations on the Microscopical Characters presented by a mineral
(Dysodil) from Tasmania. Trans. R. Soc. Vict. 1865, vi, p. 7.
Ranken (W. H. L.) The Dominion of Australia, an Account of its Foundations,
pp. viii and 356 (8vo. London, 1874) (Soils, p. 37; Geological Surveys, Mining,
&c. p. 180 ; Coal Fields of N. S. Wales, Tin, Copper, &c. p. 197).
Rath (M. G. vom) Uber den Phakolith vom Richmond, Victoria, Australien.
Monaisbenchte K. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, aus dent Jahre, 1875, pp. 523-532 ;
N. Jahrbuch, 1876, pp. 63-6i ; Jour. Chem. Soc. 1876, i, p. 885.
Kartensectionen der Geological Survey of Victoria. Verhandl. Naturhisf.
Vereines des Preussidchen Rlwinl. und Westfalens. {Sitzungsherichte) , 1878, xxxv,
p. 4.
Eine topographisch-montanistische Karte des Mount Bischof auf Tasmanien.
Ibid. 1878, xxxv, p. 7.
HeiTn Ulrich dem Universitats Museum verehrte Mineralien vor. Ibid. 1878,
xxxv, p. 8.
Note sur deux nouveaux phosphates du Guano, Hannayite et Newberyite. Bull.
Soc. Min. de France, 1880, ii, pp. 79-82.
Rattray (Dr. A.) Notes on the Geology of Cape York Peninsula. Quart. Jour. Geol.
Soc. 1869, XXV, p. 297.
Notes on the Physical Geography, Climate, &c. of Somerset, Cape York
Pensinula. Jour. 22. Geogr. Soc. 1868, xxxviii, p. 370; Pmc. It. Gcogr. Soc. 1868,
xii, p. 313.
7
98 CATALOGUB.
Rawlinson (T. E.) Report on tlie Entrance to the Gippsland Lakes, Victoria. Trans.
B. Soc. Vict. 1865, vi, pp. 84-90 ; 92-98.
On the Probable Erosion of the Mountain Ranges of Gippsland. IhUL 1866,
vii, pp. 29-31.
Notes on the Discovery of some Keys in the Shore formation of Corio
Bay, near Geelong. Ibid, 1876, xii, pp. 33-43, 5 plates.
On the Past and Present of the Port of Melbonrne, and proposed work for its
Improvement. Ihid, 1876, xii, pp. 110-122.
Note on the Coast Line Formation of the Western District and Proofs
of the uniform condition of Meteorological Phenomena over long periods of time.
Ibid, 1878, xiv, pp. 25-34 (plate).
Subterranean Drainage in the Interior (Australia). Trans, Phil. Soc. Ad^laid^^
for 1877-78, pp. 124-126.
Redway (W.) On the Gold-diggings, at Creswick Creek and Ballarat. Quart.
Jour. Geol. Soc. 1858, xiv, p. 540 (abstract); Oeologist, i, p. 165; Mining Jour.
1858, xxviii, p. 213.
Reed (C. R.) The Australian Gold Fields (8vo. London, 1853).
Reefs, Auriferous Quartz — see Bland (R. H.) ; Cluncs ; Calvert (J.) ; Clarke (Rev.
W. B.) ; Couchman (T.) ; Davison (S.) ; Hopkins (B.) ; Ligar (C. W.) ; Murray
(R. A. F.) ; Nicholas (W.) ; Resales (H.) ; Selwyn (A. R. C.) ; Ulrich (G. H. F.).
Reid (G. H.) An Essay on New South Wales, the Mother Colony of the Australians,
pp. 173 (8vo. Sydney, 1876) (Soil, p. 5; Mineral Progress and Resources, p. 64).
Reports, Annual and Progress (Geological Surveys, &c.) — see Aplin (C. D'O. H.)
Baker (Honbl. E.' A.) ; Blandowski (W.) ; Brown (H. Y. L.) ; Charters (W. S. C. M.)
Clarke (Rev. W. B.) ; Conybere (Rev. W. D.) ; Couchman (T.) ; Daintree (R.)
Dalton (— ) ; Gregory (A. C.) ; Griffin (T. J.) ; Jack (R. L.) ; Krause (F. M.)
Lucas (Honbl. J.) ; Murray (R. A. F.) ; Selwyn (A. R. C.) ; Smyth (R. B.)
Stutchbury (S.) ; Ulrich (G. H. F.) ; Wilkinson (C. S.) ; Woods (Rev. J. E. T.).
Mining. — Mining Surveyors' Reports furnished by the Mining Surveyors of
Victoria to the Board of Science, vol. i, 1859 ; vol. ii, 1860 (8vo. Melbourne).
'^ Research*' — Auriferous Drifts in Australasia; or, the Cause and its Continuity of
the Great Geological Convulsions, and the Theory of the Origin and Position of
Auriferous Drifts, pp. 61 (8vo. Melbourne, 1868).
Reyer (E.) AUgemeine Geschichte des Zinnes. Oesterreichischen Zeifi^.fur Berg und
Huttenivesen, 1880, xxviii.
(Dr.) Tin, and its History. Minting Jour. 1879, xlix, p. 1299.
Ripple Marks — see Wintle (S. H.).
Robert (E.) Aper^u des Observations Geologiques faites dans le Nord de VEurope,
principalement sur les traces anciennes de la mer, pendant les annees 1837-1838.
Voyage au Spitzberg. Bull. Soc. Ch'ol. de France, 1842, xiii, p. 21 (Remarks
on Australian Fauna, p. 25, Note 1).
100 CATAIiOGUE.
Salter (J. W.) Note on the Fossils from Spitzbergen. Appendix to J. Lamont^s
^' Sciusons with Sea-IIorspii/' p. 307 (8vo. London, 1861) (A reference to the
occuiTCuce of Prod actus aemiretlculatus in Australia, p. 312).
Sampson (L.) The AVheal Fortune Copper Mine, W. Australia. Descrip. Cat, Products
and Manufactures, W. AuMmlia, Inteniat. Exhlb. 1862, pp. 13-14 — see Exhibitions,
International, 1862 (W. Australia).
Sand— Australian Sand. The N. S. Wales Mag. 1833, No. 3, pp. 165-170.
Danes — see Etheridge (R., jun.) ; Rawlinson (T. E.),
Sandhurst Gold Field— see Murray (R. A. F.).
Sands, Metalliferous — see Lhotzky (Dr. J.) ; Milligan (Dr. J.) ; Nickels (B.).
Sanger (E. B.) — see Australian Desert.
Saunders (T.) The Asiatic Mediterranean, and its Australian Port ; the Settlement of
Port Flinders, and the Province of Albert, in the Gulf of Carpentaria, practically
proposed, pp. 120 (8vo. London, 1853).
Schimper (Prof. W. P.) Traite do Paleontologie Veg^tale, ou la Flore du Monde
primitif, &c. 3 vols. 8vo. and 1 vol. plates, imp. 4to. (Paris, 1869-74) (Genus
Glossoptensy &c, described).
Schist, Combustible — see Archer (W.) ; Tasnianite, or Australian "White Coal/'
ScHEAUP (A.) Das Kupfer von Wallaroo. Nenes Jahrbuch, 1872, p. 536.
Science, Board of, Victoria, 1859-60 — see Smyth (R. B.).
ScoFPBRN (J.) The Gold Seekers' Chemical Guide. The Chemistry of Gold; its
Natural History, Chemical Properties, Modes of Mining, Washing, and Assaying
Gold Ores, and hints for distinguishing them from similar substances found in
connection with them, pp. 125 (8vo. London, ?t. d.).
Scott (A. W.) Mammalia, Recent and Extinct; an Elementary Treatise for the use of
the Public Schools of N. S. Wales ; Section B, Primata (Seals, Dugongs, Whales,
&c. &c.), pp. xii, 141 and vii (8vo. Sydney, 1873).
(Rev. Archdeacon) Geological Remarks on the Vicinity of Swan River and Garden
Island, on the Coast of West Australia. Proc. GeoL Sac. 1831, i. No. 21, pp.
320.321.
( — ) Sur la Geologic de la Nouvelle Galles Meridionale et de Van Diemen. Ball,
des Sciences Nat. et de Geologic , 1820, No. 11, p. 285.
ScouLAR (G.) On the Origin of Mineral Veins, with special reference to the Barossa
District (abstract). Trans. Phil. Soc. Adelaide for 1877-78, pp. 75-76.
The Geology of the Hundred of Munno Para. Pt. i, The newer Tertiary Rocks.
Ihiil 1878-79, pp. 60-70,
102 CATALOGUE.
Selwyn (A. 11. C.) Geological Notes of a Journey in South Australia, from Cape Jervis
to Mount Serle. Proc. R. Geogr. 8oe. 1861, v, pp. 242-244.
General Report on tlie Progress and Requirements of the Geological Survey
of Victoria, to 3lBt Dec. 1860, No. 43, pp. 34 (fcap. Melbourne, 1862) (maps,
plates, &c.).
Index Map to the Geological Survey of Victoria, showing the progress up to
the 30th June, 18C2. Scale : 32 miles to 1 inch (Melbourne, 1862).
Report on the Examination of Coal Fields and other Districts, Jan. to Dec. 1860,
with particulars of Expenditure on Coal Tields. Report 2. Oeological Survey of
Victoria, Report for 1861-62, pp. 9-15, No. 43 (fcap. Melbourne, 1862) (with an
Appendix, '' List of" Minerals known in Victoria,'* pp. 14-15).
Mining and Geological Survey of Victoria. Reports and Papers relative
to the Mining and Geological Survey of Victoria, 1863; and Geological Sketch
Map to accompany same. No. 36, pp. 46, with appendices (fcap. Melbourne,
1863), contains —
(a) Index Map to the Geol. Survey of Victoria, showing the Progress up to the 30th April, 1863. Scale ;
32 miles to 1 inch, (b) Section of Dr. Iledley's Boring for Coal. Vert, scale : 12 ft. to 1 inch.
see also Aplin (C. D'O. H.) and Ulrich (G. H. F.); Taylor (N.) ; Brache (J.) ;
Wilkinson (D.).
Reports relative to the K.xamiuatioii of Coal Fields, ll^ports and Papursy
iliniiuj and UeoL Survey, Victoria^ 1862-03, No. 36, pp. 11-18 (fcap. Melbourne,
1863), comprising —
(a) Geclgon District. (5) Cape Patterson and Western Port, (c) Wannon and Portland Bay Districts.
Report on the Expenditure of the Vote Division No. 53, Subdivision No. 2.
Item — Expense of Testing and Reporting on New Inventions and Discoveries
relating to Mining, £250. (a) Wilkinson^s Process for Calcining Quartz. Ibid.
No. 36, pp. 19-24, comprising letters from Bland (R. H.); Wilkinson (D.) ;
Thompson (H. A.); Davies (R.).
Report on the Expenditure of the Vote Division No. 53, Subdivision No. 2.
(6) Appleton's Quartz Crushing Mac5hine. Ibid. No. 36, p. 25 — see Appleton (H.).
Victoria, geologically coloured (in 8 sheets). Scale : 8 miles to 1 inch
(Melbourne, 1863).
Report of the Director of the Geological Survey of Victoria for the period from
June, 1863, to Sept. 1864, with Appendices, No. 44, pp* 28 (fcap. Melbourne, 1865)
see ApUn (C. D^O. H.) ; Wilkinson (C. S.).
— Reports relative to the Geological Survey of Victoria, 1865, No. 14, pp* 27 (fcap.
Melbourne, 1866) (with Appendices) .
— Report on Bores, Western Port and Cape Patterson Coal Fields. Reports
relative to the Geol. Survey of Victoria, 1865, No. 14, Appendix B, pp. 21-22
(fcap. Melbourne, 1866).
CATALOGUE. 108
Selwyn (A. R. C.) Geological Department, Report of; on Auriferous Drifts and
Quartz Reefs, pp. 2 (fcap. Melbourne, 1806) (with sheet of Horizontal sections,
Ballaarat and Moorabool Valleys, and Ballanco Estate) .
Geological Survey of Victoria. Report on Salt-producing Lakes. Report C,
No. 2, pp. 4 (fcap. Melbourne, 1866).
Cape Patterson Coal Fields. Report on Coal Seams, Cape Patterson, with
plan and section, pp. 4 (fcap. Melbourne, 1867) accompanied by-
la) Plan of Coal Seams at Cape Patterson. Scale: 10 chains to 1 inch. (&) Section showing probable
coarse of '' Qaeen " Vein from its Outcrop, &c. Scale: 20 ft. to 1 iuch.
Report on the Economical adaptability of the System of Artesian Wells to
Victoria, 1866-67. Geological Hurvey of Victoria (fcap. Melbourne).
Geological Survey of Victoria. Report of the Director of the Geological Survey
of Victoria for the year 1867, pp. 23 (fcap. Melbourne, 1868).
Coal Fields. Report on Expenditure of the Vote in aid of Search for workable
Coal Seams. Report of the Director, GeoL Survey, Vict, 1868, No. 15, pp. 12-19
(fcap. Melbourne, 1868).
The Geological Map of Australia (by R. B. Smyth). Mining Jour. 1873, xliii,
p. 251.
and Ulrich (G. H. F.) Notes on the Physical Geography, Geology, and Mineralogy
of Victoria. Intercohyiial Exhibition Essays, 1866, pp. 91 (map, section, &c.)
(8vo. Melbourne, 1866).
with Ulrich (G. H. F.), Aplin (C. D'O. H.), Etheridge (R., jun.), and Taylor (N.)
A descriptive Catalogue of the Rock Specimens and Minerals in the National
Museum, collected by the Geological Survey of Victoria, &c. pp. 96 (8vo.
Melbourne, 1868).
and Aplin (C. D'O. H.) Geological Survey of Victoria. Quarter Sheet 1, N. W.
(North Melbourne). Scale: 2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne, ?i. d.).
Sharp (E. A.) Report for 1879 on the Barrington Gold Fields. Ann. Report, Dept. of
Mines, N. S. Wales, for 1879, pp. 172-183.
Sharpe ( — ) Report on the Tambaroora and Turon District (Gold Field). Ibid. pp.
38-44; Ibid, {or 1877, pp. 59-69.
Shiress ( — ) On the Decomposition of Pyrites. Trans. R. Soc. Vict. 1868, viii, p. 41.
Sholl (R. J.) Journal of an Expedition from Camden Harbour to the South of the
Glenelg River, North-western Australia. Jour. R. Geogr. Soc. 1866, xxxvi, p. 203
(Mineral Notes, p. 227).
Sidney (S.) The Three Colonies of Australia — New South Wales, Victoria, and South
Australia; their Pastures, Copper Mines, and Gold Fields (8vo. London, 1852)
(South Austrahan Copper Mines, pp. 217, 367,371. History of Gold Discovery^
pp. 379-414) (second edition, London, 1853).
l04 CATALOGUE*
yiLLiMAN (B.) Note on WoUongongitc, a remarkable Hydrocarbou, found in the
WoUongong District of the lUawarra Coal Field, New South Wales- American
Jour. ScL 1860, 2nd ser. xlviii, p. 85 ; N. Jahrbuch, 1870, p. 228.
Silver— see Dixon (W. A.) ; Moore (T.) ; Ulrich (G. H. F.) ; Young (L.).
Simpson (P.) Report on the Baggedy Gully near Percydale, with a Plan of the Locality.
Exports Mining Surv. and Rcgistrarsy Vict, 30th September, 1871, No. 103, p. 31.
Sinclair (D. M.) Report on the Talgai and Canal Creek Gold Fields, Queensland, for
the year 1867, pp. 1 (fcap. Brisbane, 1868).
Skene (A. J.) Map of the District of Geelong. Scale : 8*25 miles to 1 inch (shows
Volcanic Hills),
and Smyth (R. B.) Report on the Physical Character and Resources of Gippsland,
pp. 65 (8vo. Melbourne, 1874) ; 2nd edit. pp. 67 (8vo. Melbourne, 1875), contains —
(a) Map of Gippsland. Scale : 16 miles to I inch, (h) Sketch of a Geological section from Bairnsdale
to Bright. Scales : Hot, \ inch to 1 mile ; Vert, \ inch to 1000 ft.
Skey (W.) Critical Notes upon the alleged nucular action of Gold upon Gold reduced
from solution by Organic Matter. Chemical News, 1874, xxx, pp. 162-163.
— On the Formation of Gold Nuggets in Drift. Ibid. 1874, xxx, pp. 172-174.
SiMMONDS (P. L.) The Coal Resources of our Colonies. No. 2, New South Wales and
Victoria. Mining Jour, 1875, xlv, p. 192.
SiNNET (F.) An Account of the Colony of South Australia, prepared for distribution at
the Intercolonial Exhibition, pp. 96 {8vo. London, 1862) (Mines, pp. 57-70).
Slee (W. H. J.) Annual Report of the Inspector of Mines for N. S. Wales. Ann.
Report, DepL of Mines, N. 8. Wales, for 1876, pp. 116-126 (1877) (with plan showing
position of Mines at Adelong. Scale : 16 chains to 1 inch).
Annual Report of the Inspector of Mines for New South Wales. Ibid, for 1877,
pp. 155-163 (with Notes on the Cargo, Ironbarks, Stoney Creek, and Muckerawa
Gold Fields).
Annual Report of the Inspector of Mines. Ibid, for 1878, pp. 133-136.
Sluicing and Hydraulic Machinery — see Wright (P.).
Sm^vlley (G. R.) On certain possible Relations between Geological and Astronomical
Observations. Trans, Phil. Soc. N. S. Wales, 1862-65, p. 338 (1866).
Smelting — The Smelting Trade in New South Wales. Mining Jour^ 1846, xvi, p. 486.
' Smelting in New South Wales. Ibid. 1852, xxii, p. 66.
Works — see Austin (J. B.).
Smith (Adam) Notes on the Gold Fields of Ballarat. Prod R. Phys. Soc. Edinb, iii,
p. 409.
. (J.) On the Separation of Gold from Mundic Quartz* Clarke's Southern Oold
Fields, App. F. p. 278 (1860).
100 CATALOGUE.
Hmyth (R. B.) Geological Survey of Victoria. Report of Progress for the year 1873,
No. 1, with Sub-Reports. Report on the Mineral Resources of Ballarat, by
Reginald A. F. Murray ; and Reports on the Coal Fields of Loutit Bay, Apollo
Bay, and the Wannon, by the Board appointed to Report on the Coal Fields of
the Colony, pp. viii and 135, plates, maps, sections (8vo. Melbourne, 1874) — see
Murray (R. A. F.); Krause (F. M.) ; Smyth (R. B.) ; Hodgkinson (G.) and
Couchman (T.).
Report on the Coal Field in the Wanuon District. Ibid. 1874, pp. 119-124 (with
Geological Sketch Map of Country in the Counties of Dundas, Borung, and Ripon.
Scale : 8 miles to 1 inch).
Geological Survey of Victoria. Report of Progress for the year 1874, No. 2,
with Reports on the Geology, Mineralogy and Physical Structure of various parts
of the Colony, pp. vi and 141, with plates, maps and sections (8vo. Melbourne,
1875)— 5ec Hewitt (A. W.) ; Murray (R. A. F.) ; Etheridge (R.,]un.) ; Taylor (N.) ;
Krause (F. M.) ; Nicholas (W.) ; Ulrich (G. H. F.) ; Newbery (J. C).
On the Geological Specimens collected on the Expeditions of Mr. J.
Forrest across Australia. ForresVfi Exploitations in Australia (8vo. London, 1875)
(Appendix pp. 327-28).
Report on the Geological Specimens collected on the W. Australian Exploring
Expedition, commanded by John Forrest, f.k.g.s., 1875. Journal of Proceedings,
1875, p. 39-6fe Forrest (J.).
First Sketch of a Geological Map of Austmliu. Scale : 1 : 7,000,000, or 110 miles
to 1 inch (Melbourne, 1875).
Victoria. Report of the Chief Inspector of Mines to the Honorable the Minister
of Mines, for the years 1874-1875, presented to both Houses of Parliament by His
Excellency's command (fcap. Melbourne, 1875-76).
■' Geological Survey of Victoria. Report of Progress for the year 1875, No. 3,
with Reports on the Geology, Mineralogy, and Physical Structure of various parts
of the Colony, pp. viii and 307, maps, plates and sections (8vo. Melbourne, 1876)
see Krause (F. M.) ; MuiTay (R. A. F.) ; Hewitt (A. W.) ; Taylor (N.) ; Cowan
(T.); Nicholas (W.); Newbery (J. C).
The Aborigines of Victoria : with Notes relating to the Habits of the Natives of
other parts of Australia and Tasmania. Compiled from various sources for the
Government of Victoria (2 vols. impl. 8vo. Melbourne and London, 1878) (Stone
Implements, and Geological Notes, 1, p. 357).
— Report on the Gold Mines of the South-eastern Portion of the Wynaad and the
Carcoor Ghdt, with Appendices, pp. 99 (fcap. London, 1880) (Australian references
scattered through) .
— and Couchman (T.) Report on the Coal Field at Apollo Bay. Smyth's Progress
Report, No. 1, iieol. Survey Vict. 1874, pp. 113-117.
— see Stoney (Capt. H. B.).
l08 CAtALOGUE.
Sporangia, in Coal — ncc Dawson (Dr. J. W.) ; Huxley (Prof. T. H.) ; Newton (E. T.).
Sfkent (C. p.) Tasmania. Mr. Sprent^s Beport on Mount Bischoff and Country
round, No. 43 (fcap. Hobart Town, 1876), with Sketch map of the River Pieman
and vicinity. Scale : 2 miles to 1 inch.
Stagg (R.) Report on the result of the Assaying of Lead Ore from South Australia.
The S. Austr, Register, 1842, v. No. 242.
Stanley (Capt. Owen) — see Stokes (Capt. J. Lort).
Statistical Accounts — see Wentworth (W. C).
Statistics — see Stirling (Sir J.).
Mineral — see Baker (Honbl. E. A.); Barat (C); Robinson (C.) ; Russell (H. C.) ;
Smyth (R. B.) ; Suttor (Honbl. W. H.) ; Tayler (J.).
Mining — Summary of Mining Statistics furnished by the Mining Sui*veyors
of Victoria to the Mining. Department (8vo. Melbourne, 1862) (One part for each
month of the year) .
Stephen (G. M.) On the Gems and Gold Crystals of the Australian Colonies. Quart,
. Jour. Gcol Soc. 1854, x, pp. 303-308.
On the Gems of Australia, &c. Trans, B. Soc, N, S, Wales for year 1872, pp.
75-82.
Lettei* on the Discovery of Gold in New Caledonia, and Tin in New South Wales.
Q.nart, Jour, GeoL Soc, 1872, xxviii, p. 42.
Stephens (T.) On the Coal Seam at Mangana, Tas. Tapers and Proc. R. Soc. Tas. 1863
(April), pp. 1-3.
Genei'al Remarks on the Origin of Drift Gold, with special reference to the
probability of the Existence of Deep Leads at Fingal. Ihid. 1865 (October), pp.
106-108.
-^ — Remarks on the Geological Structure of Part of the North Coast of Tasmania,
with special reference to the Tertiary Marine Beds near Table Capo. Ihid. 1869
(May), pp. 17-21.
Notes on the occurrence of Gold at Port Cygnet. Ihid. 1869, p. 55.
Note on a hollow spherical mass of Iron Ore from Hope Island^ Port Esperancc.
Ihid. for 1873 (March), p* 2 {footnote).
The Mersey Coal Measures, Tasmania. Ihid. for 1873 (August), pp. 36-38 (1874).
On Tasmanian Silurian Fossils. Ihid, for 1874 (July), p. 27.
On Specimens of the Strata traversed by the Prospecting Shaft at Spring Bayi
Tasmania. Ihid. for 1875 (July), pp. 39-40.
' On three Specimens from the Prospecting Shaft, Spring Bay. Ibid, for 1875
(September), pp. 83-84,
On Tasmanian Specimens of Fossil Wood. Ihid. for 1876 (March)^ pp. 2-3;
CATALOGUK. 109
Stephens (T.) Remarks on Tasmanite or Dysodil. Pai^ers and Proc. R. Soc. Ta^^.for
187(J (March), pp.4^5.
■ Notes ont lie Coal Shaft at Spriug Bay, Tas. Ibid, for 1876, p. 74? (1877).
Notes on the Hobart Town Storage Reservoir. Ibid, for 1877, pp. 77-80 (1878).
On a specimen of so-called Devonian ''Marble" from Maria Island. Ibid, for
1878, p. 6 (1879).
Notes on a Visit to the "Hot Spring," near Southport, in 1877. Ibid, for 1878,
pp. 03-64 (1879).
(W. J.) Presidential Address at the Annual General Meeting, Jan. 1879, Linnean
Soc. of New South Wales. Proc. Linn. Soc. X. S. Wale.^, 1879, iii, pt. 4, pp.
414-443.
(D.) Australian and Tasmanian Tin Ore. Mining Jour. 1879, xlix, p. 191.
Stirling (P. G.) Australian and Californian Gold Discoveries (8vo. London, 1852).
(— ) The Gold Mines of Australia (8vo. Paris, 1853).
Stokes (Capt. J. Lort) Discoveries in Australia; with an Account of the Coasts and
Rivers Explored and Surveyed during the Voyage of H.M.S. " Beagle,'* in the years
1837-43, by command of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty; also a
Narrative of Capt. Owen Stanley's Visits to the Islands in the Arafiira Sea (2 vols,
8vo. London, 1846).
Stoliczka (Dr. F.) Fossilo Bryozoen aus dem Tertiaren Griindsandsteine der Orakei
Bay bei Auckland. Palaontologie von Neu-Seeland. Novara Expedition, Geolo-
gischer Theil, Band i, Ath. 2, pp. 87-158, pis. 17-20 (4to.).
Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India ; Palseontologia Indica ;
Cretaceous Pelecypoda of Southern India, vol. iii, pp. xxii and 537, plates 50
(4to. Calcutta, 1871) (Critical Remarks on the Australian Fossil Genera of
Pelecypoda).
Stone Implements — see Cox (Dr. J. C); Smyth (R. B.).
Stones, Building and Ornamental — see Hull (Prof. E.); Knight (J. G.) ; Newbery
(J. C.) ; Smyth (R. B.) ; Thompson (R.).
Stoney (Capt. H. B.) Victoria : with a Description of its Principal Cities, Melbourne
and Geclong, &c. pp. 219 (8vo. London, 1856) (Contains letter by R. B. Smyth
on "Rocks from the Maryborough Gold Fields," p. 160).
Stirling (Sir J.) Statistical Report upon the Colony of Western Australia,
drawn up to the end of June, 1837. Appendix, Report on the Present State
and Condition of ihe Colony of W. Australia j pp. xii (fcap. Perth, 1838) (Geological
Characters, p. ii).
(P. J.) Californian and Australian Gold. Genfleman^s Mag, 1853, X3^xix,
pp. 608-613.
110 CATALOaFB.
Stbeeteb (E. W.) Precious Stones and Gems, their History and distinguishing
Characteristics, pp. ix and 2G4 (8vo. London, 1877) (Australian Diamonds, p. 75).
Strzelecki (Count) Notes on an Excursion in North-west Tasmania. Tas, Jour.
Nat, Scivnce, i, pp. 76-78.
On certain Varieties of Australian Coal. Ihid, i, p. 190.
Analysis of Soils at Mona Vale, Tasmania. Ihid. ii. No. 9, table opp. p. 308.
Report on the Geographical Mineralogy of New South Wales, -^pp* C, Sir
George (Jlpps^s Bfspatch, dated Sydney, 28th Sept. 1840, pp. 11-17 (with Map
showing Route from Yass Plains by the Australian Alps a^nd Gippsland to
Port Phillip, 1840).
Physical Description of New South Wales and Van Dieman's Land, accompanied
by a Geological Map, Sections, Diagrams, and Figures of the Organic Remains
(870. London, 1815) — sec Morris (Prof, J.); Lonsdale (W.).
Gold and Silver. A Supplement to the Physical Description of New Sonth
Wales and A''an Dicman's Land (8vo, London, 1856).
Stuart (J. McD.) On an Expedition into the Interior of South Australia, rroe, Ii.
Geogr. Soc. 1860, iv, p. 77.
Journal of his Expedition across the centre of Australia, from Spencer's Gulf
on the South to Lat. 18^ 47' on the North. Ihid. 1861, v, p. 55; refprwaini^^
MittheUnng, 1861, pp. 174-194.
Jouraal of Australian Exploration, Jour, It. Geogr. Soc, 1861, xxxi, pp. 65-83,
84-100, 100-145.
Explorations of Central Australia. Proc, R. Geogr. Soc, 1862, vi, pp. 8-11.
Diary of Explorations to the North of the Murchison Range in Lat. 20° S.,
1800-61. Jour. R. Geogr. Soc. 1862, xxxii, pp. 340-371.
Exploration form Adelaide across the Continent of Australia. Proc. i?. Geogr.
Soc, 1863, vii, pp. 82-83; Ihid. 1863, xxxiii, pp. 276-321.
Explorations across the Continent of Australia. With Charts, 1861-62,
pp. 97 (8vo. Melbourne, 1863).
Stubt (Capt. Charles) Two Expeditions into the Interior of Southern Australia
during the years 1828-31 (2 vols. 8yo. London, 1833) (with maps and plates of
Fossils, &c.).
Overland Communication with New South Wales. Official Report of Captain
Sturt. >S'. Australian Gazette, Jan. 12th, 1839; Royal S, Austr. Almanack for 1839,
pp. 48-54.
Account of the Exploring Expedition from South Australia into the Interior of
New Holland. Tas. Jour. Nat. Science, iii. No. 3, pp. 182-208.
CATALOGUE. HI
Sturt (Capt. Charles) Narrative of an Expedition into Central Australia, performed
under the authority of H.M, Government, during the years 1844-184-6; together
with a Notice of the Province of South Australia in 1847 (2 vols. 8vo. London,
1849).
and Others. Communications on an Australian Expedition, Bnt, Assoc,
Beportfor 1854, pt. 2, p. 125 (1855).
Stutchbury (S.) Correspondence relating to the Appointment of, as Geological
Surveyor for New South Wales. Papers relative to Geol, Surveys, 2nd Dec. 1851,
No. 3, pp. 7 and 8 (fcap. Sydney, 1852).
— ! — Correspondence with the Colonial Secretary, with Reference to the Gold Fields.
Ibid. 2nd Dec. 1851, No. 3, pp. 12-18 (fcap. Sydney, 1852)— .<»ee Thomson
(E. Deas).
First Report from the Government Geologist, dated Belabula Rivulet, Carcoar,
April 12th, 1851. Ibid. 2nd Dec. 1851, No. 21, pp. 19-27 (fcap. Sydney, 1852).
Geological and Mineralogical Survey of New South Wales. Report, dated
Camp, near Currugurac, July 18th, 1851. Ibid. 2nd Dec. 1851, No. 22, pp. 28-3 1
(fcap. Sydney, 1852) ; Pari. Bine Booh, Juno 14th, 1852, p. 1, map and sections
(fcap. London, 1852) (This is the Second Report, and bears on Geology of
Courajee and Callallia Creeks, &c.).
Geological and Mineralogical Survey of New South Wales ; Report dated
Burrondong, Oct. 18th, 1851. Papers relative to Geol. Surveys, 2nd Dec. 1851>
No. 23, pp. 34-35 (fcap. Sydney, 1852) (Third Report, relating to the Geology
of the neighbourhood of Burrondong, with List of Gems, including a Diamond
from the Turon River) .
Report on the Geological and Mineralogical Survey of New South Wales.
Pari. Blue Book, Feb. 3, 1852 (fcap. London, 1852) (Correspondence relative to
the discovery of Gold in Australia, p. 49).
Geological and Mipcralogical Survey of N. S. Wales. Report on the Geology
of the Neighbourhood of Wellington, and its Caves, dated Wellington, Jan. 26th,
1852. Papers relative to Geol. Surveys, N. S. Wales, 1852, No. 9, pp. 27-31
(fcap. Sydney, 1852).
Geological and Mineralogical Survey of New South Wales. On the Geology
of the Neighbourhood of the Bell River, &c.. Fifth Report, dated Gobolian, near
Wellington, April 12th, 1852. Ibid. 1852, No. 12, pp. 33-37 (fcap. Sydney,
1852).
New South Wales Geological Survey, Seventh Tri-monthly Report of the Geological
Surveyor, dated Wialdra Creek, Oct. 1st, 1852, pp. 6 (fcap. Sydney, 1852).
New South Wales Geological Survey, Tenth Tri-monthly Report of the Geological
Surveyor, dated Berrigal, July 1st, 1853, pp. 9 (fcap. Sydney, 1853) (Contains a
Geol. Map of Liverpool Plains).
112 CATALOGUE.
Stutcrbuby (S.) New South Wales Geological Survey, Eleventh Tri-monthly Report of
the Geological Surveyor, dated Emu Creek, Darling Downs, 18th Oct. 1853, pp. 11
(fcap. Sydney, 1853) (with Map of the Horton and Macintyre Rivers, and
Ottley's Creek).
On the Geology of Liverpool Plains, &c. Eleventh Report on the Geological
and Mineralogical Survey of New South Wales, dated Berrigal, July 1st, 1853.
Pari, Blue Booh, Dec. 1854, pp. 14-20, map and sections (fcap. London, 1855).
Report on the Coal Fields at Brisbane, &c. Geological and Mineralogical
Survey of New South Wales, dated Emu Creek, Darling Downs, Oct. 1st, 1853.
Ibid, Dec. 1854, pp. 45-54, map, section, and plates (fcap. Loudon, 1855).
New South Wales Geological Survey, Twelfth Tri-monthly Report of the Geological
Surveyor, dated South Brisbane, 1st January, 1854, pp. 8 (fcap, Sydney, 1854)
(Map of the Condamine River District).
New South Wales Geological Survey, Thirteenth Tri-monthly Report of
the Geological Surveyor, dated Pine River, 20th May, 1854, pp. 7 (fcap. Sydney,
1854) (Map of Coal Crops of the River Brisbane and Bremer River, plans and
section) .
New South Wales Geological Survey, Fourteenth Tri-monthly Report of the
Geological Surveyor, dated Durandin, 1st August, 1854, pp. 6 (fcap. Sydney,
1854).
On the Coal Fields of Ipswich, Brisbane and Moreton Bay. Geological and
Mineralogical Survey of New South Wales. Pari, Blue Book, July, 1855, p. 7.
Report on the Country near the Pine River, d'Aguilar's Range, &c. Geological
and Mineralogical Survey of New South Wales. Ibid. July, 1855, p. 12.
New South Wales Geological Survey, Fifteenth Report of the Geological
Surveyor, dated Auckland Creek, Port Curtis, January, 1855, pp. 8 (fcap. Sydney,
1855 (Map of Mary River District, sections).
— New South Wales Geological Survey, Sixteenth Report of the Geological
Surveyor, dated Sydney, Nov. 20th, 1855, pp. 5 (fcap. Sydney, 1855) (Map of
Fitzroy River and Port Curtis Island).
Report on the Geological and Mineralogical Survey of New South Wales.
Pari, Blue Book, July 25th, 1856, pp. 6-12 (map and sections).
Subterranean Drainage — see Rawlinson (T. E.).
Surveys, Geological — The Geological Survey of Victoria. GeoL Mag. 1866, iii, p. 217
— see also N. S. Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, and Tasmania.
SuTTOR (The Honbl. W. H.)— «ee N. S. Wales, Mines and Mineral Statistics, 1877.
Swan River — Notice on the Swan River (W. Australia) and the surrounding country.
Cheek's Edinb. Jour. Nat. and Oeo^r. Science, 1830, i, p. 446 (with map).
CATALOGUE. 113
Sydneia — see Hatcliett (C).
Tailings — The Treatment of Test Samples of Tailings and Pyrites, in quantities up to
one ton in weight. Ann, Report, School of Mlne^, Ballaarat, 1879, p. 27 (with
illustration of Denny and Roberts^ Grinder and Amalgamator) .
Tasmania — see Calder (J. E.) ; Evans (G. W.) ; Gould (C.) ; Gunn (R. C.) ; Harrison
(T.) ; Milligan (Dr. J.) ; Selwyn (A. R. C.) ; Stephens (T.) ; Taylor (N.) ;
Whiting (G.) ; Wintle (S. A.).
Reports of Geological Survey — see Gould (C).
Tasmanite — On the Analysis of a Combustible Mineral from Tasmania. Sydney
Mag, Science and Arty 1859, ii, pp. 212 and 213.
(Mersey Yellow Coal) — see Church (Prof. A. H.); Dawson (Dr. J. W.); Gould
(C.) ; Jolinston (R. M.) ; Leo (Dr. R.) ; Moore (T.) ; Newton (E. T.) ; Penny
(Prof. — ) ; Archer ( — ) ; Stephens (T.) ; Herapath (W.).
Tate (Prof. R.) On New Species of Belemnites and Salenia from the Middle Tertiaries
of South Australia. Quart, Jour. Geol, Soc, 1877, xxxiii, pp. 25G-59.
0:5tracoda and Foraminifera in the Miocene of South Australia. GeoL Mag, 1877,
Dec. 2, iv, .pp. 52G-27.
On Indications of Glacial Action at HoUett's Cove, South Australia. Trans.
Phil. Soc. Adelaide, for 1877-78, p. 1.
Anniversary Addi'ess to the Philosophical Society of Adelaide, 8th October, 1878.
Ibid, for 1877-78, pp. 11-47 (Review of South Australian Geology and Paloeon-
tolog}').
The Fossil Marginellidse of Australia. Ibid, for 1877-78, pp. 90-98.
Notes on the Correlation of the Coral-bearing Strata of South Australia, with a
list of Fossil Corals occurring in the Colony. Ibid, for 1877-78, pp. 120-123.
Descriptions of three New Species of Helix, from South Australia. Proc. Linn.
Soc. N. S. Wales, 1878, ii, pt. 4, pp. 290-91.
The Anniversary Address of the President, Philosophical Society of Adelaide,
Leading Physical Features of South Australia.'^ Trans. Phil, Soc, Adelaide,
for 1878-79, pp. xxxix-lxxv.
— The Natural History of the Country around the Head of the Great Australian
Bight. Ibid, for 1878-79, pp. 94-128.
— Zoologica et Palasontologica Miscellanea, chiefly relating to South Australia.
Ibid, for 1878-79, pp. 129-140.
— On a New Species of Eelemnite from the Mesozoic Strata of Central Australia.
Trans. R, Soc, S, Australia, 1880, iii, pp. 104-105, pi. 4.
— On the Australian Tertiary Palliobranchs. Ibid, 1880, iii, pp. 140-170, pis. 7-11.
— Report on Rock Formations and Minerals in the vicinity of Peak, Central
€(
Australia. Ibid. 1880, iii, Dp. 179-180.
8
112 CATAtOODB.
Stdtcrbuey (S,) New South Wales Geological Surrey, Eleventh Tri-montlily Report of
the Geological Surveyor, dated Emu Creek, Darling Downs, I8th Oct. 1853, pp. 11
[fcap. Sydney, 1653) (with Map of the Horton and Maciutyre Rivers, and
Ottley's Creek).
On the Geology of Liverpool Plains, &c. Eleventh Report on the Geological
and Mineralogical Survey of New South Wales, dated Berrigal, July 1st, 1853.
Pari. Blue Book, Dec. 1854, pp. 14-20, map and sections (fcap. London, 1855).
Report on tho Coal Fields at Brisbane, &c. Geological and Mineralogical
Survey of New South Wales, dated Emu Creek, Darling Downs, Oct. Ist, 1853.
/&ii(. Dec. 1854, pp. 45-54, map, section, and plates (fcap. London, 1855).
New South Wales Geological Survey, Twelfth Tri-monthly Report of the Geological
Surveyor, dated South Brisbane, 1st January, 1854, pp. 8 (fcap. Sydney, 1854}
(Map of the Condamine River District).
New South Wales Geological Survey, Thirteenth Tri-nionthly Report of
the Geological Surveyor, dated Pine River, 20th May, 1854, pp. 7 (fcap. Sydney,
1854) (Map of Coal Crops of the River Brisbane and Bremer River, plans and
section).
New South Wales Geological Snrvey, Fourteenth Tri-mouthly Report of the
Geological Surveyor, dated Dnrandin, 1st August, 1854, pp. (fcap. Sydney,
1854).
On the Coal Fields of Ipswich, Brisbane and Moreton Bay. Geological and
Mineralogical Survey of New South Wales. Pari. Blue Booh, July, 1855, p. 7.
Report on the Country near the Pine River, d'Aguilar's Range, &c. Geological
and Mineralogical Survey of New South Wales. Ihid. July, 1855, p. 12.
New South Wales Geological Survey, Fifteenth Report of the Geological
Surveyor, dated Auckland Creek, Port Curtis, January, 1855, pp. 8 (fcap. Sydney,
1855 (Map of Mary River District, sections),
New South Wales Geological Survey, Sixteenth Report of the Geologioal
Surveyor, dated Sydney, Nov. 20th, 1855, pp. 5 (fcap. Sydney, 1855) (Map |
Fitzroy River and Port Curtis Island).
Report on tho Geological and Mineralogical Survey of New Sonth Wd
Pari. Blue Book, July 25th, 1856, pp. 6-12 (map and sections).
SuBTBRRANBAN Drainage — see. Rawliuson (T. E.).
SuRVKYS, Geological — The Geological Survey o£ Victoria. UmI. May. i8tid, iii, p, jj
^see also N. S. Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, and Tasmaoift
SuTTOB (The Honbl. W. H.)— »ee N. S. Wales, Mines and Mineml Statistic, 1877.^
Swan River— Notice on the Swan River (W. Australia) and tho surrounding^
Cheek's Edlnb. Jour. Nat. and Qeo^r. Seimce, 1830, i, p. 446 (with n
114 CATALOGUE.
Tayler (J.) Mineral Map and Genoml Statistics of New South Wales. Scale : 50 miles
to 1 inch (Sydney, 1876).
Taylor (A.) On the Recent Progress of Gold Mining in Australia. Trans, Geol. Soc,
Edinb. 1872, ii, p. 137.
(N.) Quarter Sheet 3, N. W. (Wallan-Wallan) ; 3, S. W. (Donnybrook) .
Greological Survey of Victoria, under the Direction of A. R. C. Selwyn. Scale :
2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne, 1862).
Notes Explanatory of the Geology of the District comprised in Quarter Sheets
5, S. E. and S. W., and 6 N. E. and N. W. Reports and Papers, Mining and
GeoL Survey, Victoria, 1862-63, No. 36, pp. 6-9 (fcap. Melbourne, 1863).
Quarter Sheet 3, S. E. ( Whittlesea) . Geol. Surrey of Victoria, under the
direction of A. R. C. Selwyn. Scale; 2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne, 1864).
Quarter Sheet 3, N. E. (Mount Disappointment). Geological Survey of Victoria,
under the direction of A. R. C. Selwyn. Scale : 2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne, 1865).
Report on the Geology of the Snowy River District, and S. E. boundary
line between Victoria and New South Wales. Reports relative to the Geol, Survey
of Victoria, 1865, No. 14, Appendix D. pp. 14-21 (fcap. Melbourne, 1866) (with
Geological Sketch map of Eastern Gippsland).
Quarter Sheets 13, S. E. (Emberton and Glenhope) ; and 51, S. W. (Baynton's).
Geological Survey of Victoria, under the direction of A. R. C. Selwyn. Scale :
2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne, 1866).
Quarter Sheet 5, N. W. (Great Dividing Range). Geol. Survey of Victoria,
under the direction of A. R. C. Selwyn. Scale: 2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne,
1867).
Quarter Sheets 2, S. W. (Broadmeadows) ; 5, S. E. (Lancofield) ; 4, S. W.
(Kilmore); 5, S. W. (The Jim- Jim). Geological Survey of Victoria, under the
direction of A. R. C. Selwyn. Scale : 2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne, n,d.),
— Report on the Geological Survey of the Stawell (Pleasant Creek) Gold Field.
Smyth's Progress Report, No. 2, Geol, Survey, Vict, 1875, pp. 84-92 (Section
of Commercial Street Lead, Stawell. Scale : Sor, 40 chains to 1 inch ; Vert.
400 feet to 1 inch).
— Report on the Geological Survey of the Stawell Gold Field, Victoria. Ibid.
No. 3, 1876, pp. 250-272 (six plans and sections of Mines at Stawell).
— Report on the Geological Survey of Learmonth. Couchmaa's Progress Report,
for 1876, No. 4; Geol Survey Vict, 1877, pp. 68-74.
— Supplementary Notes on the Geological Survey of Learmonth. Ibid, for 1877,
No. 5, 1878, pp. 78-81.
— Report on an Outcrop of Granite, east of Buningong. Ibid, for 1877, No. 5,
1878, pp. 82-85,
CATALOGUE.
115
Taylor (N.) Report on the Geological Survey of the Clunes Gold Field. Coiichman's
Progress lie^ort,for 1877, No. 5, Geol. Survey, Vict. 1878, pp. 85-87 (with section of
the New Lothair Gold Mining Company's workings. Scale : 80 feet to 1 inch).
On the Cudgegong Diamond Field, New South Wales. Geol. Mag. 1879,
Dec. 2, vol. vi, pp. 399-412, 414.458.
Notes on the Geology of the West Tamar District, Tasmania. Trans. It. Soc.
Vict. 1880, xvi, pp. 155-165.
Geology of N. Queensland — see Hann (W.).
— with Etheridgo (R., jun.) Quarter Sheet 13, N. E. (Redesdale and Spring Plains).
Geol. Survey of Victoria, under the direction of A. R. 0. Selwyn. Scale : 2 inches
to 1 mile (Melbourne, 1868).
— and Thomson (Dr. A, M.) On the occurrence of the Diamond near Mudgee.
The Sydney Morning Herald, Dec. 29th, 1870; Trans. B. Soc. N. S. Wales for
1870, pp. 94-106 (1871) ; and also as a pamphlet, pp. 12 (8vo. Sydney, 1871).
(R. C.) Statistics of Coal. The Geographical and Geological Distribution of
Fossil Fuel or Mineral Combustibles, &c., pp. cxlviii and 754 (8vo. London and
Philadelphia, 1848) (Australian Coal Fields, pp. 673-681).
Tennant (Prof. J.) Notes on a Gold Nugget from Australia. Brit. Assoc, Report for
1859, pt. 2, p. 85 (1860).
Teqoborski (L. de) Essai sur Ics Consequences Eventuelles de la Decouverte des
Gites Auriferes en Californie ct en Australie (8vo. 1853).
Teppeb (0.) Introduction to the Clitfs and Rocks at Ardrossan, Yorke's Peninsula.
Tram. Fhil. Soc. Adelaide, for 1878-79, pp. 71-79.
On Graphic Granite from Yorkers Peninsula. Trans. R. Soc. S. Australia, 1880,
iii, p. 180.
Tertiary Deposits — see Jenkins (H. M.) ; Johnston (R. M.) ; Secular (G.) ; Stephens
(T.) ; Woods (Rev. J. E. T.).
TuoMAS (J. H.) The Iron-making Resources of New South Wales. Sydney Mag.
Science and Art, 1858, i, pp. 101-10 1.
Report on the present Condition of the Fitzroy Iron and Coal Mines,
Mittagong, County of Camden, New South Wales, ])p. 9 (folio, Sydney, 1859).
Thomson (Dr. A. M.) Notes on the Geology around Goulburn. Trans. R. Soc. N. S.
Wales, for 1869, pp. 56-72 (1870).
«
Notes on the Auiiferous Slate and Granite Veins of New South Wales. Ibid.
for 1870, pp. 88-94 (1871).
(E. Deas) Instructions to the Government Geologist. Copies of Letters from
the Colonial Secretary (B. D. Thomson, Esq.) to the Government Geologist
(S. Stutchbury, Esq.). Papers relative to Geol. Surveys, 2iid Dec. 1851, pp. 9-12
(fcap. Sydney, 1852).
8 *
IIG CATALOarE.
Thomson (B. Deas.) Corrospondenco witli the Government Geologist, with reference
to the Gold Fields. Papers relativG to Geol, Surveys, Hi, pp. 12-18 (feap. Sydney,
18b2)— sec Stutclibury (S.).
Instructions to, and Corrcspondenco witb, Mr. E. H. Hargraves, " On tho
Existence of Gold in New South Wales.'* Ibid Nos. 26-50, pp. 64-79 (feap,
Sydney, 1852) — see Ilargravcs (E. H.).
Instructions to, and Report from, the Rev. W. B. Clarke, '^ On the Existence of
Gold in New South Wales.'* Ibid. Nos. 51-51, pp. 79-81 (fcap. Sydney, 1852)
—see Clarke (Rev. W. B.).
Consolidated and Amended Code of Regulations for tho management of the
Gold Fields. Pajurs relative to the Gold Districts, N. S. Wales, 1852, pp. 15-17
(fcap. Sydney, 1852).
Thompson (H. A.) On the Gold Deposits of Victoria, Sydney Mag. Science and Art,
1859, ii, pp. 74-77.
An Outline of a Plan for the Formation and Working of a Mining Company
to open out the Quartz Fields of New South Wales. Ibid. 1859, ii, pp. 77-79.
Description of the Clunes Gold Mine, Victoria, with Maps of the workings,
and a drawing of the Quartz Crushing Mill. Ibid. 1859, ii, pp. 79-80.
On the Extraction of Gold. Trans. H. Soc, Vict, 1868, viii, p. 15.
On tho Formation of Mineral Veins, and the Deposit of Metallic Ores and
Minerals in them. Ibid. 1868, viii. p. 228.
Notes on the Secondary Beds of North Australia. Ibid. 1869, ix, pp. 117-125.
On the characteristics of the Clunes Gold Fields. Trans. Mintyig Inst. Victoria,
1869, i, pt. 4, pp. 124-125.
Tin Mines of Australia. Mining Jour. 1874, xliv, p. 861.
(J.) On the Necessity for a further Exploration of the Interior of the Australian
Continent. Sydney Mag. Science and Art, 1858, i, pp. 232-234.
(R.) The Marble and Limestone Quarries of New South Wales. Ibid. 1858,
pp. 93-94.
(Mr. Surveyor) Note on Coal discovered in Lordley Creek, Queensland. Coll.
Guardian, 1864, vii, p. 202.
Thylacoleo carnifcx (Owen)— m' Flower (W. H.); Kreffk(G.); Owen (Prof. R.).
Tin— The discovery of Tin in New South Wales. Mining Jour. 1872, xlii, pp. 45,
898 — see also Bonwick (J.).
Tin in Tasmania. Ibid. 1873, xliii, p. 1109.
The Australian Tin Mines by "C. E.'^ Ibid. 1874, xliv, pp. 396, 507, 643, 751,
833, 973, 1057, 1281, and 1394; 1875, xlv, pp. 71, 287.
On Australian Tin. Iron, 1875, v, p. 551.
CATALOGUE. 117
tiN and Tm Fields— «ec Browii (H. Y. L.) ; Clarke (Rev. W. B.) ; Daintreo (R.) ;
Eddy (Capt. W.) ; English (A. G.) ; Gould (C.) ; Gower (G. A.) ; Gregory (F. T.) ;
Hume (W. C.) ; Hunt (J.); Leibius (Dr. A.); Liversidge (Prof. A.) ; Meredith
(Hon. C.) ; Prybr (J.) ; Stephens (T.) ; Tregay (W.) ; Ulrich (G. H. F.) ; Wickham
(F. D. J.) ; Wilkinson (C. S.) ; Wintle (S. H.) ; Rath (M. G. vom) ; Rayer (E.).
TowsoN (J. T.) The Gold Fields of Australia. Trans. Historical Soc. Laiicashire and
Cheshire, 1861, new series, i, p. 17.
Traquair (Dr. R. H.) On some Fossil Fishes from the neighbourhood of Edinburgh.
Annals Nat, Hist. 1875, xv, pp. 258-268 (Refers to Genus Cleithrolepis).
The Ganoid Fishes of the British Carboniferous Formations. Part i, raUeoniscida;.
Pal. Soc. (4to. London, 1877) (Refers to Genera Myriolej[)isy &c.).
Tregay (W.) Australian and Tasraanian Tin. Mining Jour. 1878, xlviii, p. 212.
The Tin Mines of Tasmania. Ibid. p. 1135.
Tremekhekre (S.) Notice respecting the Lead and Copper Ores of the Glen Osmond
Mines, 3 miles from Adelaide, South Australia. Trans, ii. Geol. Soc. Cornwall,
1846, vi, pp. 348-350.
Turner (E. W.) Report on the Stockyard Creek Diggings. Deports, Mining Surveyors
and Reg. Vict. 30th June, 1871, No. 3, pp. 42-44 (fcap.' Melbourne, 1871).
( — ) Fossil Bones — see Clarke (Rev. W. B.) j Leichhardt (L.).
Tyers (C. J.) Report on an Expedition to ascertain the position of the 141st degree of
East Longitude, being the Boundary Line between New South Wales and South
Australia, by order of His Excellency Sir George Gipps, Knight, &c. &c. &c.,
• pp. 14 (8vo. Sydney, 1840) (with an Appendix and Map) (Contains Geological
Notes).
Report of an Expedition to ascertain the position of the 141st degree of East
Longitude, being the Boundary Line between New South Wales and South Australia,
&c. App. D, Sir George Gipps^s Despatch, dated Sydney, 28th Sept. 1840, pp.
18-23.
Typke (P. G. W.) On a new Nickel Mineral from New Caledonia. Chemical News,
1876, xxxiv, pp. 193-194.
Ulrich (G. H. F.) Gold and Silver-bearing Reefs of St. Arnaud. Report on the Gold
and Silver-bearing Reefs of St. Arnaud, by G. H. F. Ulrich. Geol. Survey, Victoria,
Report, pp. 15 (fcap. Melbourne, 1864).
■ Report on the Working Claims of the Freiberg Silver Mining Association at St.
Arnaud, and the Glen Dhu Reef, near LandsboroUgh. Reports relative to the Geol*
Survey of Victoria, 1865, No. 14, pp. 22-26 (fcap. Melbourne, 1866) (with two
sketch plans of Reefs. Scale: ^^ of an inch per foot).
Quarter Sheets 9, N. W. (Malmsbury and Taradale) ; and 15, S. E. (Franklinford) .
Geological Survey of Victoria, under the direction of A* R. C. Selwyn, Scale :
2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne^ 1866)«
118 CATALOGUE.
Ulrich (G. H. F.) Geological Survey of Victoria. Notes and Observations on the
Nuggetty Reef, Maldon (Quarter Sheet 14, N. W.) pp. 9, plate (8vo. Melbourne,
1868).
Observations on the Nuggetty Reef, Mount Tarrangower Gt)ld Field, Victoria.
Quart, Jour. Geol. Soc. 1869, xxv, p. 326.
Contributions to the Mineralogy of Victoria. Mineral Statistics of Victoria for
the year 1869. Appendix E, pp. 52-67 (fcap. Melbourne, 1870).
Report on the Mineral Resources of the country lying within 250 miles north of
Port Augusta, South Australia, pp. 23 (fcap. Adelaide, 1872) (map, sections, &c.).
Contributions to the Mineralogy of Victoria, pp. 32 (8vo. Melbourne) ; and Neues
Jahrhuch, 1871, p. 72.
Observations on some of the Tin discoveries in New England, New South Wales.
Quart. Jour, Geol. Soc. 1873, xxix, pp. 5-11.
A descriptive Catalogue of 577 Specimens of Rocks in the Industrial and
Technological Museum, collected from all parts of Victoria, with explanatory
notes on their character, mode of occurrence, and Geological relations. Report of
the Trnstevs of the Pah. Lib. Mus. and Nat. GalUry of Vict, for year 1873-74, pp.
36-66 (fcap. Melbourne, 1874).
— — A Report on the Mount RischoflF Tin Mines, Tasmania, with Topographical Sketch
Map, pp. 5 (8vo. Launceston, 1874).
Geology of Victoria. A descriptive Catalogue of the Specimens in the Industrial
and Technological Museum (Melbourne), illustrating the Rock System of Victoria,
pp. 108 (8vo. Melbourne, 1875).
Observations on the Waratah Bay Limestone, Victoria. Smyth's Progress Report,
No. 2, Geol. Survey, Vict. 1875, pp. 125-126.
Report of an Inspection of the Bismuth Mine at Mount Ramsay, Tasmania,
pp. 14 (8vo. Hobart Town, 1876).
Maldonit und Herschelit aus Australicn. N. Jahrhuch, 1875, pp. 287-288;
American Jour. 1876, xi, p. 235.
• •
Uber die Zinnmine am Mt. Bischoff in Tasmanien. N. Jahrhuch, 1877, pp.
494-497. ^
Die Zukunft der Goldausbeute in Australien (8vo. Sttutgart, 1879) ; aho X.
Jahrhuch, 1879, p. 347.
and Brown (H. Y. L.) Quarter Sheet 14, S. W. (Maldon) with Horizontal Section.
Geological Survey of Victoria, under the direction of A. R. C. Selwyn. Scale :
2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne, 1867).
- and Brown (H. Y. L.) Quarter Sheet 14, N.W. (Mount Tarrangower, and
Maldon). Geological Survey of Victoria, under the direction of A. R. C. Selwyn,
Scale : 2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne, 1868).
-Quarter Sheet 9, N. E. (Langley). Geological Survey of Victoria, under the
direction of A. R. C. Sclwyn. Scale : 2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne, n.d.).
CATALOGUE. 119
Ulrich (G. H. F.) and Brown (H. Y. L.) Section to accompany Quarter Sheet 14, N. W.
(Mount Tarrangowcr and Maldon). Geological Survey of Victoria, under the
direction of A. B. C. Selwyn. Scale, Hor. and Vert. : 40 chains to 1 inch
(Melbourne, n.d,).
Ungeb (Dr. F.) Genera ct Species Plantarum Fossiliuin, 2nd ed. (8vo. 1850) (Gei^era
Glossopteris, Phyllotheca, &c.).
Vebneuil (B. de) Coquilles du Calcaire de Montague de la Nouvelle Hollando, et do
lia Terrc do Van Dieman. Bull, Soe, GeoL de France, 1840, xi, p. 177.
Silurisches und Berg Kalk mit ihren Versteinerungen vom Rhein, von Spitz-
bergen. Slid Amerika, Van Diemens-land, &c. Jahrb.fur Min. 1840, pp. 97-98.
ViCKERY (S. K.) Sections of Mines, Lucky Reef, Alexandria, Victoria. Reports of the
Mining Surveyors and Regi^sirar.^y No. 1 (fcap. Melbourne, 1868.)
Victoria— Colony of; Summary of Mining Statistics, furnished by the Mining
Surveyors of Victoria to the Mining Department, January 1862 to January 1864
(large 8vo. Melbourne, 1862-64) (published monthly).
Mines d'Or de Victoria. Ann, des Mines, 1868, xiii p. 502.
Geological Survey of Victoria; Report of Progress. American Jour, 1876, 3rd
ser. xi, pp. 232-233.
see Carpenter (T.) ; Harrison (T.) ; Hopkins (E.) ; Howitt (A. W.) ; Westgarth
(W.).
Reports of Geological Survey — ^ec Aplin (C. D'O. H.) ; Couchman (T.) ; Etheridge
(R., jun.) ; Murray (R. A. F.) ; Taylor (N.) ; Selwyn (A. R. C.) ; Ulrich (G.
H. F.) j Wilkinson (C. S.).
VoELCKER (Dr. A.) Analysis of Queensland Soils, pp. 19 (8vo. London, 1874).
Volcanic Rocks — see Harrison (T.); Newbery (J. C.) ; Howitt (A. W.).
Volcanoes — Volcano in New South Wales. Cheek's Edinb, Jour. Nat, and Geogr.
Science, 1830, ii, p. 62 — see also Bonwick (J.) ; Smyth (R. B.) ; Wilton (Rev.
C. P. N.).
Wallace (A. R.) Lecture on the Comparative Antiquity of Continents, as indicated by
the distribution of Living and Extinct Animals. Proc, E, Geogr, Soc, 1877, xxi,
pp. 505-535 (Australia, &c. p. 528).
Stanford's Compendium of Geography and Travel based on Hellwald's " Die
Erdc und ihre Volkcr,'' Australasia, &c. pp. xviii and 672, maps (8vo. London,
1879).
Island Life; or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras, &c.
(8vo. London, 1880) (Geological Explanation of the diflEerence of the Australian
and New Zealand Floras, p. 461, &c.).
Wakburton (Col. P. E.) South Australia — Colonel Warburton^s Explomtion, 1872-3.
Diary of Colonel Warburton's Exploring Expedition to Western Australia in
1872-3, No. 28, pp. 23 (fcap. Adelaide, 1875).
110 CATALOGUE.
Stbeeter (E. W.) Precious Stones and Gems, their History and distinguishing
Characteristics, pp. ix and 2G4 (8vo. London, 1877) (Australian Diamonds, p, 75).
Strzelecki (Count) Notes on an Excursion in North-west Tasmania. Tas, Jour,
Nat, Scu'ticc, i, pp. 76-78.
On certain Varieties of Australian Coal. Ibid, i, p. 190.
Analysis of Soils at Mona Vale, Tasmania. Ibid, ii. No. 9, table opp. p. 308.
Report on the Geographical Mineralogy of New South Wales. -4jjp. C, Sir
George Gipps's Desjmtch, dated Sydney, 28th Sept. 1810, pp. 11-17 (with Map
showing Route from Yass Plains by the Australian Alps ajud Gippsland to
Port Phillip, 1840).
Physical Description of New South Wales and Van Dieman's Land, accompanied
by a Geological Map, Sections, Diagrams, and Figures of the Organic Remains
(8vo. London, 1845) — see Morris (Prof. J.); Lonsdale (W.).
Gold and Silver. A Supplement to the Physical Description of New South
Wales and Van Dieman's Land (8vo. London, 1856).
Stuart (J. McD.) On an Expedition into the Interior of South Australia. Pror, R.
Geogr. Soc. 1860, iv, p. 77.
Journal of his Expedition across the centre of Australia, from Spencer's Gulf
on the South to Lat. 18^ 47' on the North. Ibid, 1861, v, p. 55; Peterwaini^^
Mittheilung, 1861, pp. 174-194.
Journal of Australian Exploration. Jour, R. Geogr, Soc, 1861, xxxi, pp. 65-83,
84-100, 100-145.
Explorations of Central Australia, rroc, i?. Geogr, Soc. 1862, vi, pp. 8-11.
Diary of Explorations to the North of the Murchison Range in Lat. 20® S.,
1860-61. Jour, R. Geogr. Soc, 1862, xxxii, pp. 340-371.
Exploration form Adelaide across the Continent of Australia. Proc, R, Geogr.
Soc. 1863, vii, pp. 82-83; Ibid. 1863, xxxiii, pp. 276-321.
Explorations across the Continent of Australia. With Charts, 1861-62,
pp. 97 (8vo. Melbourne, 1863).
Sturt (Capt. Charles) Two Expeditions into the Interior of Southern Australia
during the years 1828-31 (2 vols. 870. London, 1833) (with maps and plates of
Fossils, &c.).
Overland Communication with New South Wales. Official Report of Captain
Sturt. S. Australian Gazette, Jan. 12th, 1839; Royal S. Austr. Almanack for 1839,
pp. 48-54.
Account of the Exploring Expedition from South Australia into the Interior of
New Holland. Tas. Jour, Nat. Science, iii. No. 3, pp. 182-208.
CATALOOrE. Ill
Sturt (Capt. Cliarles) Narrative of an Expedition into Central Australia, performed
under the authority of H.M. Government, during the years 1844-18'1'6; together
Avith a Notice of the Province of South Australia in 1847 (2 vols. 8vo. London,
1819).
and Others. Communications on an Australian Expedition. Brit, Assoc,
Beportfor 1854, pt. 2, p. 125 (1855).
STUTCHBrKY (S.) Correspondence relating to the Appointment of, as Geological
Surveyor for New South Wales. Tapers relative to GeoL Surveys^ 2nd Dec. 1851,
No. 3, pp. 7 and 8 (fcap. Sydney, 1852).
—. — Correspondence with the Colonial Secretary, with Eeference to the Gold Fields.
Ihid, 2nd Dec. 1851, No. 3, pp. 12-18 (fcap. Sydney, l8o2)—see Thomson
(E. Deas).
First Beport from the Government Geologist, dated Belabula Rivulet, Carcoar,
April 12th, 1851. Ihld. 2nd Dec. 1851, No. 21, pp. 19-27 (fcap. Sydney, 1852).
Geological and Mineralogical Survey of New South Wales. Report, dated
Camp, near Currugurac, July 18th, 1851. Ibid. 2nd Dec. 1851, No. 22, pp. 28-34
(fcap. Sydney, 1852); ParL Blue Booh, June 14th, 1852, p. 1, map and sections
(fcap. London, 1852) (This is the Second Report, and bears on Geology of
Courajee and Callallia Creeks, &c.).
Geological and Mineralogical Survey of New South Wales; Report dated
Burrondong, Oct. 18th, 1851. Papers relative to Gooh Surveys, 2nd Dec. 1851,
No. 23, pp. 34-35 (fcap. Sydney, 1852) (Third Report, relating to the Geology
of the neighbourhood of Burrondong, with List of Gems, including a Diamond
from the Turon River) .
Report on the Geological and Mineralogical vSurvey of New South Wales.
Pari. Blue Book, Feb. 3, 1852 (fcap. London, 1852) (Correspondence relative to
the discovery of Gold in Australia, p. 49).
Geological and Mineralogical Survey of N. S. Wales. Report on the Geology
of the Neighbourhood of Wellington, and its Caves, dated Wellington, Jan. 26th,
1852. Papers relative to GeoL Surveys, N. S. Wales, 1852, No. 9, pp. 27-31
(fcap. Sydney, 1852).
Geological and Mineralogical Survey of New South Wales. On the Geology
of the Neighbourhood of the Bell River, &c.. Fifth Report, dated Gobolian, near
Wellington, April 12th, 1852. Ibid. 1852, No. 12, pp. 33-37 (fcap. Sydney,
1852).
New South Wales Geological Survey, Seventh Tri-monthly Report of the Geological
Surveyor, dated Wialdra Creek, Oct. 1st, 1852, pp. 6 (fcap. Sydney, 1852).
• New South Wales Geological Survey, Tenth Tri-monthly Report of the Geological
Surveyor, dated Berrigal, July 1st, 1853, pp. 9 (fcap. Sydney, 1853) (Contains a
Geol. Map of Liverpool Plains),
112 CATALOGUE.
Stutcftbuby (S.) New Soath Wales Geological Survey, Eleventh Tri- monthly Report of
the Geological Surveyor, dated Emu Creek, Darling Downs, 18th Oct. 1853, pp. 11
(fcap. Sydney, 1853) (with Map of the Ilorton and Macintyre Rivers, and
Ottley's Creek).
On the Geology of Liverpool Plains, &c. Eleventh Report on the Geological
and Mineralogical Survey of New South Wales, dated Berrigal, July 1st, 1853.
ParL Blue Book, Dec. 1854, pp. 14-20, map and sections (fcap. London, 1855).
Report on the Coal Fields at Brisbane, &c. Geological and Mineralogical
Survey of New South Wales, dated Emu Creek, Darling Downs, Oct. 1st, 1853.
Ibid. Dec. 1854, pp. 45-54, map, section, and plates (fcap. London, 1855).
New South Wales Geological Survey, Twelfth Tri-monthly Report of the Geological
Surveyor, dated South Brisbane, 1st January, 1854, pp. 8 (fcap. Sydney, 1854)
(Map of the Condamine River District).
New South Wales Geological Survey, Thirteenth Tri-monthly Report of
the Geological Surveyor, dated Pine River, 20th May, 1854, pp. 7 (fcap. Sydney,
1854) (Map of Coal Crops of the River Brisbane and Bremer River, plans and
section) .
New South Wales Geological Survey, Fourteenth Tri-monthly Report of the
Geological Surveyor, dated Durandin, 1st August, 1854, pp. 6 (fcap. Sydney,
1854).
On the Coal Fields of Ipswich, Brisbane and Moreton Bay. Geological and
Mineralogical Survey of New South Wales. Pari. Blue Booh, July, 1855, p. 7.
Report on the Country near the Pine River, d'Aguilar's Range, &c. Geological
and Mineralogical Survey of New South Wales. Ibid. July, 1855, p. 12.
New South Wales Geological Survey, Fifteenth Report of the Geological
Surveyor, dated Auckland Creek, Port Curtis, January, 1855, pp. 8 (fcap. Sydney,
1855 (Map of Mary River District, sections).
New South Wales Geological Survey, Sixteenth Report of the Geological
Surveyor, dated Sydney, Nov. 20th, 1855, pp. 5 (fcap. Sydney, 1855) (Map of
Fitzroy River and Port Curtis Island) .
Report on the Geological and Mineralogical Survey of New South Wales.
Pari. Blue Book, July 25th, 1856, pp. 6-12 (map and sections).
Subterranean Drainage — see Rawlinson (T. E.).
Surveys, Geological — The Geological Survey of Victoria. GeoL Mag. 1866, iii, p. 217
— 5ec also N. S. Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, and Tasmania.
SuTTOR (The Honbl. W. H.) — see N. S. Wales, Mines and Mineral Statistics, 1877.
Swan River — Notice on the Swan River (W. Australia) and the surrounding country.
Cheek's Edinb. Jour. Nat. and Oeo^r. Science, 1830, i, p. 446 (with map).
CATALOGUE. 113
Sydneia — see Hatchett (C).
Tailings — The Treatment of Test Samples of Tailings and Pyrites, in quantities up to
one ton in weight. -4^??. Report, School of Muiea, Ballaarat, 1879, p. 27 (with
illustration of Denny and Roberts' Grinder and Amalgamator).
Tasmania — see Calder (J. E.) ; Evans (G. W.) ; Gould (C.) ; Gunn (R. C.) ; Harrison
(T.); Milligan (Dr. J.); Selwyn (A. R. C.) ; Stephens (T.) ; Taylor (N.) ;
Whiting (G.) ; Wintle (S. A.).
Reports of Geological Survey — see Gould (C).
Tasmanite — On the Analysis of a Combustible Mineral from Tasmania. Sydney
Mag, Science and Art, 1859, ii, pp. 212 and 213.
(Mersey Yellow Coal) — see Church (Prof. A. H.); Dawson (Dr. J. W.); Gould
(C.) ; Johnston (R. M.) ; Leo (Dr. R.) ; Moore (T.) ; Newton (E. T.) ; Penny
(Prof. — ) ; Archer (— ) ; Stephens (T.) ; Herapath (W.).
Tate (Prof. R.) On New Species of Belemnites and >SaZenia from the Middle Tertiaries
of South Australia. Quart, Jour, GeoL Soc. 1877, xxxiii, pp. 256-59.
Ostracoda and Foraminifera in the Miocene of South Australia. Geol, Mag, 1877,
Dec. 2, iv,^p. 526-27.
On Indications of Glacial Action at HoUett^s Cove, South Australia. Trans,
Phil, Soc. Adelaide, for 1877-78, p. 1.
Anniversary Addi^ess to the Philosophical Society of Adelaide, 8th October, 1878.
Ibid, for 1877-78, pp. 11-47 (Review of South Australian Geology and Palaeon-
tology).
The Fossil Marginellidae of Australia. Ibid, for 1877-78, pp. 90-98.
Noles on the Correlation of the Coral-bearing Strata of South Australia, with a
list of Fossil Corals occurring in the Colony. Ibid, for 1877-78, pp. 120-123.
Descriptions of three New Species of Helix, from South Australia. Proc. Linn.
Soc. N, S, Wales, 1878, ii, pt. 4, pp. 290-91.
The Anniversary Address of the President, Philosophical Society of Adelaide,
" Leading Physical Features of South Australia." Trans. Phil, Soc, Adelmde,
for 1878-79, pp. xxxix-lxxv.
The Natural History of the Country around the Head of the Great Australian
Bight. Ibid.fcyr 1878-79, pp. 94-128.
Zoologica et Pala3ontologica Miscellanea, chiefly relating to South Australia,
Ibid, for 1878-79, pp. 129-140.
On a New Species of JBelemnite from the Mesozoic Strata of Central Australia.
Trans. E, Soc, S, Australia, 1880, iii, pp. 104-105, pi. 4.
On the Australian Tertiary Palliobranchs. Ibid, 1880, iii, pp. 140-170, pis. 7-11.
Report on Rock Formations and Minej'als in the vicinity of Peak, Central
Australia. Ibid. 1880, iii, pp. 179-180,
8
114 CATALOGUE.
Tayler (J.) Mineral Map and General Statistics of New South Wales. Scale : 50 miles
to 1 inch (Sydney, 1876).
Taylor (A.) On the Recent Progress of Gold Mining in Australia. Trans, Geoh Soc,
Edinh. 1872, ii, p. 137.
(N.) Quarter Sheet 3, N. W. (Wallan-Wallan) ; 3, S. W. (Donnybrook) .
Greological Survey of Victoria, under the Direction of A. R. 0. Selwyn. Scale :
'1 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne, 1862).
Notes Explanatory of the Geology of the District comprised in Quarter Sheets
5, S. E. and S. W., and 6 N. E. and N. W. Itejiorh and Faperfi, Mining and
Geol Survey, Victoria, 1862-63, No. 36, pp. 6-9 (fcap. Melbourne, 1863).
_ •
Quarter Sheet 3, S. E. ( Whittlesea) . Geol. Survey of Victoria, under the
direction of A. R. C. Selwyn. Scale; 2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne, 1864).
Quarter Sheet 3, N. E. (Mount Disappointment). Geological Survey of Victoria,
under the direction of A. R. 0. Selwyn. Scale : 2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne, 1865).
Report on the Geology of the Snowy River District, and S. E. boundary
line between Victoria and New South Wales. Reports relative to the GeoL Survey
of Victoria, 1865, No. 14, Appendix D. pp. 14-21 (fcap. Melbourne, 1866) (with
Geological Sketch map of Eastern Gippsland).
Quarter Sheets 13, S. E. (Emberton and Glenhope) ; and 51, S, W. (Baynton's).
Geological Survey of Victoria, under the direction of A. R. C. Selwyn. Scale :
2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne, 1866).
Quarter Sheet 5, N. W. (Great Dividing Range). Geol. Survey of Victoria,
under the direction of A. R. 0. Selwyn. Scale : 2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne,
1867).
Quarter Sheets 2, S. W. (Broadmeadows) ; 5, S. E. (Lancefield) ; 4, S. W.
(Kilmore); 5, S. W. (The Jim- Jim). Geological Survey of Victoria, under the
direction of A. R. C. Selwyn. Scale : 2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne, n,d,),
— Report on the Geological Survey of the Stawell (Pleasant Creek) Gold Field.
Smyth's Progress Report, No. 2, GeoL Survey, Vict. 1875, pp. 84-92 (Section
of Commercial Street Lead, Stawell. Scale: Ilor, 40 chains to 1 inch; Vert.
400 feet to 1 inch).
'— Report on the Geological Survey of the Stawell Gold Field, Victoria. Ihid.
No. 3, 1876, pp. 250-272 (six plans and sections of Mines at Stawell).
— Report on the Geological Survey of Lear month. Covchinafi's Progress Report,
for 1876, No. 4; Geol Survey Vict. 1877, pp. 68-74.
— Supplementary Notes on the Geological Survey of Learmonth. Ihid. for 1877,
No. 5, 1878, pp. 78-81.
— Report on an Outcrop of Granite, east of Buningong. Ihid. for 1877, No. 5,
1878, pp. 82-85.
CATALOGUE. 115
Taylor (N.) Report on the Geological Survey of the Clunes Grold Field. Conrchman's
Progretts Ii^port,for 1877, No. 5, Gcol. Survey, Vict. 1878, pp. 85-87 (with section of
the New Lothair Gold Mining Company's workings. Scale : 80 feet to 1 inch).
On the Cudgegong Diamond Field, New South Wales. Geol. Mag. 1879,
Dec. 2, vol. vi, pp. 399-412, 444-458.
— — Notes on the Geology of the West Tamar District, Tasmania. Trans, R. Soc.
Vict, 1880, xvi, pp. 155-165.
Geology of N. Queensland — see Hann (W.).
with Etheridge (R., jun.) Quarter Sheet 13, N. E. (Redesdale and Spring Plains).
Geol. Survey of Victoria, under the direction of A. R. C. Selwyn. Scale : 2 inches
to 1 mile (Melbourne, 1868).
and Thomson (Dr. A. M.) On the occurrence of the Diamond near Mudgee.
The Sydney Morning Herald, Dec. 29th, 1870; Trans. R. Soc. N. S. Wales for
1870, pp. 94-106 (1871) ; and also as a pamphlet, pp. 12 (8vo. Sydney, 1871).
(R. C.) Statistics of Coal. The Geographical and Geological Distribution of
Fossil Fuel or Mineral Combustibles, &c., pp. cxlviii and 754 (8vo. London and
Philadelphia, 1848) (Australian Coal Fields, pp. 673-681).
Tennant (Prof. J.) Notes on a Gold Nugget from Australia. Brit. Assoc, Report for
1859, pt. 2, p. 85 (1860).
Tegoborski (L. dc) Essai sur Ics Consequences Eventuelles do la Decouverte des
Gites Auriferes en Californie et eu Australie (8vo. 1853).
Teppeb (0.) Introduction to the Cliffs and Rocks at Ardrossan, Yorke's Peninsula.
Trans. Phil. Soc. Adelaide, for 1878-79, pp. 71-79.
On Graphic Granite from Yorke's Peninsula. Trans. R, Soc, S, Australia, 1880,
iii, p. 180.
Tertiary Deposits — sec Jenkins (II. M.) ; Johnston (R. M.) ; Secular (G.) ; Stephens
(T.) ; Woods (Rev. J. E. T.).
TuoMAS (J. H.) The Iron-making Resources of New South Wales. Sydney Mag.
Science and Art, 1858, i, i)p. 101-10 1.
Report on the present Condition of the Fitzroy Iron and Coal Mines,
Mittagong, County of Camden, New South Wales, pp. 9 (folio, Sydney, 1859).
Thomson (Dr. A. M.) Notes on the Geology around Goulburn. Trans. R, Soc. N, S,
Wales, for 1869, pp. 56-72 (1870).
Notes on the Auriferous Slate and Granite Veins of New South Wales. Ibid,
for 1870, pp. 88-94 (1871).
(E. Deas) Instructions to the Government Geologist. Copies of Letters from
the Colonial Secretary (E. D. Thomson, Esq.) to the Government Geologist
(S. Stutchbury, Esq.). Papers relative to Geol. Surveys, 2nd Dec, 1851, pp. 9-12
(fcap. Sydney, 1852).
8 *
116 CATALOGUE.
Thomson (B. Deas.) Correspondence with the Government Geologist, with reference
to the Gold Fields. Papers relative to Oeoh Surveys, iii, pp. 12-18 (feap. Sydney,
1852) — see Stutchbury (S.).
Instructions to, and Correspondence with, Mr. E. H. Hargraves, " On tho
Existence of Gold in New South Wales.'' Ibid, Nos. 26-50, pp. 64-79 (fcap.
Sydney, 1852) — see Hargraves (E. H.).
Instructions to, and Report from, tho Rev. W. B. Clarke, ^^ On the Existence of
Gold in New South Wales.'' Ibid, Nos. 51-54, pp. 79-81 (fcap. Sydney, 1852)
—see Clarke (Rev. W. B.).
Consolidated and Amended Code of Regulations for the management of the
Gold Fields. Papers relative to the Gold Districts, N. 8. Wales, 1852, pp. 15-17
(fcap. Sydney, 1852).
Thompson (H. A.) On the Gold Deposits of Victoria. Sydney Mag. Science and Art,
1859, ii, pp. 74-77.
An Outline of a Plan for the Formation and Working of a Mining Company
to open out the Quartz Fields of New South Wales. Ibid. 1859, ii, pp. 77-79.
Description of the Clunes Gold Mme, Victoria, with Maps of the workings,
and a drawing of the Quartz Crushing Mill. Ibid. 1859, ii, pp. 79-80.
On the Extraction of Gold. Trans. R. Soc. Vid, 1868, viii, p. 15.
On the Formation of Mineral Veins, and the Deposit of Metallic Ores and
Minerals in them. Ibid. 1868, viii. p. 228.
Notes on the Secondary Beds of North Australia. Ibid. 1869, ix, pp. 117-125.
On the characteristics of the Clunes Gold Fields. Trans. Mining Inst. Victoria,
1869, i, pt. 4, pp. 124-125.
Tin Mines of Australia. Mining Jour. 1874, xliv, p. 861.
— — (J.) On the Necessity for a further Exploration of the Interior of the Australian
Continent. Sydney Mag. Science and Art, 1858, i, pp. 232-234.
(R.) The Marble and Limestone Quarries of New South Wales. Ibid. 1858,
pp. 93-94.
(Mr. Surveyor) Note on Coal discovered in Lordley Creek, Queensland. Coll.
Guardian, 1864, vii, p. 202.
Thylacoleo carnifex (Owen)— 6^ee Flower (W. H.); Kreflft (G.) ; Owen (Prof. R.).
Tin — The discovery of Tin in New South Wales. Mining Jour. 1872, xlii, pp. 45,
398 — see also Bon wick (J.).
Tin in Tasmania. Ibid. 1873, xHii, p. 1109.
The Australian Tin Mines by "C. E.'^ Ibid. 1874, xliv, pp. 396, 507, 643, 751,
833, 973, 1057, 1281, and 1394; 1875, xlv, pp. 71, 287.
On Australian Tin. Iron, 1875, v, p. 551,
CATALOGUE. 117
Tin and Tin Fields— ^v Brown (H. Y. L.) ; Clarke (Rev. W. li.) : Daintrcv v^O ;
Eddy (Capt. W.) ; English (A. G.^ ; Gould (C.) : Gower (G. A.> ; Gregv^n- ^^^ T,^ ;
Hnme (W. C.) ; Hunt (J.); Leibius (Dr. A.); Livorsidgx? (IVof. A.V; Meredith
(Hon. C.) ; Pryor (J.) ; Stephens (T.) ; Tregay (W.) ; Ulrich (G. H. F.) ; Wickhain
(F. D. J.) ; Wilkinson (C. S.) ; Wintle (S. H.) ; Kath (M. G. wm) ; Rayer (E.).
Towsox (J. T.) The Gold Fields of Australia. Trans. Historical Soc. Luncitshirr ii« J
Cheshire, 1861, new series, i, p. 17.
Traquaib (Dr. R. H.) On some Fossil Fishes from the neighbourhood of Ediubiurgh.
Annals Xat. Hist, 1875, xv, pp. 258-268 (Refers to Genus CUithn^lejiis).
The Ganoid Fishes of the British Carboniferous Formations, l^rt i, Pahivnisciihr.
Pal. Soc. (4to. London, 1877) (Refers to Genera Mf/riolcj^is, &c.).
Tkegay (W.) Australian and Tasmanian Tin. Mining Jour. 1878, xlviii, p. 212.
The Tin Mines of Tasmania. Ibid. p. 1135.
Tremkxheire (S.) Notice respecting the Lead and Copper Ores of the Glen Osmond
Mines, 3 miles from Adelaide, South Australia. Trans. Ju iJtoL ^'oo. Comically
1846, vi, pp. 348-350.
TuBNEB (E. W.) Report on the Stockyard Creek Diggings. Ifeports. Mining Snrvtifors
and Beg. Vict. 30th June, 1871, Xo. 3, pp. 42-41 (fcap.* Melbourne, 1871).
— ( — ) Fossil Bones — see Clarke (Rev. W. B.) ; Leichhardt (L.).
Ttebs (C. J.) Report on an Expedition to ascertain the position of the 141st degree of
East Longitude, being the Boundary Line between New South Wales and South
Australia, by order of His Excellency Sir George Gipps, Knight, &c. &c. ito.,
* pp. 14 (8vo. Sydney, 1840) (with an Appendix and Map) (Contains Geological
Notes).
Report of an Expedition to ascertain the position of the 141st degree of East
Longitude, being the Boundary Line between New South Wales and South Australia,
&c. App. D, Sir George Gipps's Despatch, dated Sydney, 28th Sept. 1840, pp.
18-23.
Typke (P. G. W.) On a new Nickel Mineral from New Caledonia. Chemical News,
1876, xxxiv, pp. 193-194.
Ulbich (G. H. F.) Gold and Silver-bearing Reefs of St. Arnaud. Report on the Gold
and Silver-bearing Reefs of St. Arnaud, by G. H. F. Ulrich. GeoL iSurvcy, Victoria,
Report, pp. 15 (fcap. Melbourne, 1864).
Report on the Working Claims of the Freiberg Silver Mining Association at St.
Arnaud, and the Glen Dhu Reef, near LandsboroUgh. Reports relative to the OeoU
Survey of Victoria, 1865, No. 14, pp. 22-26 (fcap. Melbourne, 1866) (with two
sketch plans of Keefs. vScale : 4'^ of an inch per foot).
Quarter Sheets 9, N. W. (Malmsbury and Taradale) ; and 15, S. E. (Frauklinford).
Geological Survey of Victoria, under the direction of A* R. C. Scl^Nyu. Scale:
2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne^ 1866) «
118 CATALOGUE.
Ulrich (G. H. F.) Geological Survey of Victoria. Notes and Observations on the
Nuggetty Beef, Maldon (Quarter Sheet 14, N. W.) pp. 9, plate (8vo. Melbourne,
1868).
Observations on the Nuggetty Reef, Mount Tarrangower Gt)ld Field, Victoria.
Quart. Jour. OeoL Soc. 1869, xxv, p. 326.
Contributions to the Mineralogy of Victoria. Mineral Statistics of Victoria for
the year 1869. Appendix E, pp. 52-67 (fcap. Melbourne, 1870).
Report on the Mineral Resources of the country lying within 250 miles north of
Port Augusta, South Australia, pp. 23 (fcap. Adelaide, 1872) (map, sections, &c.).
Contributions to the Mineralogy of Victoria, pp. 32 (8vo. Melbourne) ; and Neues
Jahrhuchj 1871, p. 72.
Observations on some of the Tin discoveries in New England, New South Wales.
Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. 1873, xxix, pp. 5-11.
A descriptive Catalogue of 577 Specimens of Rocks in the Industrial and
Technological Museum, collected from all parts of Victoria, with explanatory
notes on their character, mode of occurrence, and Geological relations. Report of
the Trustees of the Pnh. Lib. Mus. and Nat. Gallery of Vict, for year 1873-74, pp.
36-66 (fcap. Melbourne, 1874).
— — A Report on the Mount BischoflF Tin Mines, Tasmania, with Topographical Sketch
Map, pp. 5 (8vo. Launceston, 1874).
Geology of Victoria. A descriptive Catalogue of the Specimens in the Industrial
and Technological Museum (Melbourne), illustrating the Rock System of Victoria,
pp. 108 (8vo. Melbourne, 1875).
Observations on the Waratah Bay Limestone, Victoria. Smyth's Progress Report,
No. 2, Gcol. Survey, Vict. 1875, pp. 125-126.
Report of an Inspection of the Bismuth Mine at Mount Ramsay, Tasmania,
pp. 14 (8vo. Hobart Towti, 1876).
Maldonit und Herschelit aus Australien. .V. Jahrbuch, 1875, pp. 287-288;
Amencan Jour. 1876, xi, p. 235.
Uber die Zinnmine am Mt. Bischoff in Tasmanien. N. Jahrbuch, 1877, pp.
494-497. ^
Die Zukunft der Goldausbeute in Australien (8vo. Sttutgart, 1879) ; also X.
Jahrbuch, 1879, p. 347.
and Brown (H. Y. L.) Quarter Sheet 14, S. W. (Maldon) with Horizontal Section.
Geological Survey of Victoria, under the direction of A. R. C. Selwyn. Scale :
2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne, 1867).
- and Brown (H. Y. L.) Quarter Sheet 14, N.W, (Mount Tarrangower, and
Maldon). Geological Survey of Victoria, under the direction of A. R. C* Selwyn,
Scale : 2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne, 1868).
-Quarter Sheet 9, N. E. (Langley). Geological Survey of Victoria, under the
direction of A. R. C. Selwyn. Scale: 2 inches to 1 mile (Melbourne, n.d.).
CATALOGUE, 119
Ulkich (G. H. F.) and Brown (H. Y. L.) Section to accompany Quarter Sheet 14, N. W.
(Mount Tarrangowcr and Maldon). Geological Survey of Victoria, under the
direction of A. R. C. Selwyn. Scale, Hor. and Vert. : 40 chains to 1 inch
(Melbourne, n.d.),
Ungbr (Dr. F.) Genera ct Species Plantarum Fossilium, 2nd ed. (8vo. 1850) (Gei^era
GlossopteriSf Phyllotheca, &c.).
Vebneuil (E. de) Coquilles du Calcaire de Montague de la Nouvelle Hollande, et de
la Terre do Van Dieman. Bull. Soc. Geol. de France, 1840, xi, p. 177.
Silurisches und Berg Kalk mit ihren Versteinerungen vom Rhein, von Spitz-
bergcn, Slid Amerika, Van Diemens-land, &c. Jahrb.fur Min. 1840, pp. 97-98.
ViCKERY (S. K.) Sections of Mines, Lucky Reef, Alexandria, Victoria. Reports of the
Mining Surveyors and RegMrar.^, No. 1 (fcap. Melbourne, 1868.)
Victoria— Colony of; Summary of Mining Statistics, furnished by the Mining
Surveyors of Victoria to the Mining Department, January 1862 to January 1864
(large 8vo. Melbourne, 1862-64) (published monthly).
Mines d'Or de Victoria. Ann. des Mines, 1868, xiii p. 502.
Geological Survey of Victoria; Report of Progress. American Jour. 1876, 3rd
ser. xi, pp. 232-233.
see Carpenter (T.) ; Harrison (T.) ; Hopkins (E.) ; Howitt (A. W.) ; Westgarth
(W.).
Reports of Geological Survey — ^ec Aplin (C. D*0. H.) ; Couchman (T.) ; Etheridge
(R., jun.) ; Murray (R. A. P.) ; Taylor (N.) ; Selwyn (A. R. C.) ; Ulrich (G.
H. F.); Wilkinson (C. S.).
VoELCKEB (Dr. A.) Analysis of Queensland Soils, pp. 19 (8vo. London, 1874).
Volcanic Rocks — see Harrison (T.); Newbery (J. C.) ; Howitt (A. W.).
Volcanoes — Volcano in New South Wales. Cheek's Edinb. Jour. Nat, and Geogr.
Science, 1830, ii, p. 62 — see also Bonwick (J.) ; Smytt (R. B.) ; Wilton (Rev.
C. P. N.).
Wallace (A. R.) Lecture on the Comparative Antiquity of Continents, as indicated by
the distribution of Living and Extinct Animals. Proc. R. Geogr. Soc. 1877, xxi,
pp. 505-535 (Australia, &c. p. 528).
Stanford's Compendium of Geography and Travel based on Hellwald's " Die
Erde und ihrc Volker,'' Australasia, &c. pp. xviii and 672, maps (8vo. London,
1879).
Island Life ; or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras, &c.
(8vo. London, 1880) (Geological Explanation of the diflEerence of the Australian
and New Zealand Floras, p. 464, &c.).
Wabburton (Col. P. E.) South Australia — Colouel Warburton's Exploiution, 1872-3*
Diary of Colonel Warburton^s Exploring Expedition to Western Australia in
1872-3, No. 28, pp. 23 (fcap. Adelaide, 1875).
l20 CATALOGUK.
Warbuuton (Col. P. E.) Journey across tlic Western Interior of Australia; with
an Introduction and Additions by C. H. Eden, edited by H. W. Bates, pp. ix and
307, map, &c. (8vo. London, 1875) — sec also Proc. B. Geogr. Soc. 1875, xix,
pp. 41-51.
Wabd (E. W.) Additional particulars respecting the Mining Operations at Clunes, &c.
Sydney Mag, Science and Art, 1859, ii, p. 80.
( — ) and Anderson ( — ) Vertical Section of the Band and Albion Consols, No. 4
Shaft, Ballaarat; and Diagram showing confluence of Golden Point Lead, with
lead from the Westward. Smyth's Progress Report, No. 1, 1874, figs. 8 and 15
(opp. p. 76).
Wash-dirt — Yield of, in N. S. Wales. — see Wood (H.).
Waterhouse (G. E.) a Natural History of the Mammalia (2 vols. 8vo. London, 1846)
(vol. i, Marsupialia) .
Waters (A. W.) Notes on Fossil Lithothamnia (so-called Nullipores). Mem, Lit, and
PlixL Soc, Manchester, 1876, v, pp. 244-51 (Nullipores from Murray River Tertiaries,
p. 247).
Water Supply — i^ee Clements (W. C); Manning (J.); Stephens (T.) ; Wilkinson (0. S.).
Wathen (G. H.) On the Coal Measures along the Coast between Western Port and
Cape Liptrap in the Colony of Port PhiUip. Proc. R, Soc, V, D, Land, 1851, i,
pp. 247-253.
I On the Gold Fields of Victoria, or Port Phillip. Quart, Jour, Geol, Soc, 1853, ix,
pp. 74-79 ; Mining Jour, 1853, xxiii, p. 96.
■ The Golden Colony; or Victoria in 1854. With Remarks on the Geology of the
Australian Gold Fields, pp. x and 263 (8vo. London, 1855) (Geology, pp. 219-242;
Discovery of Gold in Victoria, pp. 243-250).
Watts (H.) On Fossil Polyzoa. Trans, R. Soc. Vict, 1865, vi, pp. 82-84.
Welungton (W.) Notice of Mount Bischoff, Tasmania. Trans, R, Geol, Soc. Cornwall,
1875, ix, pt. 1, pp. 161-162.
Wells (W.) Remarks on the resemblance of the Country in the Neighbourhood of the
Dun Mountain and Wairoa Gorge to the Mining District of Queensland and
Auckland. Trans, N, Zealand Inst, 1870, iii, p. 287.
(W. H.) A Geographical Dictionary ; or Gazetteer of the Australian Colonies;
their Physical and Political Geography, together with a brief notice of all the
Capitals, Principal Towns, and Villages, also of Mines, Bivers, Bays, Gulfs,
Mountains, &c. pp. xv and 438 (8vo. London, 1851).
Wentworth (W. C.) a Statistical Account of the British Settlements in Australasia ;
including the Colonies of New South Wales and Van Dieman^s Land, &c. &c. 3rd
edit. (2 vols. 8vo. London, 1824) (Coal Seams, i, p. 75; Beds of Oyster Shells,
i, p. 76).
Western Australia — Exploration of Western Australia. Nature, 1879, xx, p. 582
(Soils, Limestone, Ac.) ; Ibid, 1880, xxi, p. 165.
CATALOGtJB. 121
Western Australia — see Barrow XJ.) ; Brown (II. Y. L.) ; Clarke (Rev. W. B.) ;
Forrest (J.) ; Gregory (F. T.) ; Hargraves (E. H.) ; Lefroy (H.3I.) j Milligan (W.);
Scott (Rev. — ); Sommer (Dr. F. von).
Reports of Geological Survey — see Brown (H. Y. L.).
Westernport Coal Field— Progress Report of the Board; Westernport Coal Field
Commission, No. 96 (fcap. Melbourne, 1871).
Coal Field — ^rc Cameron (H. G.) ; Krause (F. M.) ; Mackenzie (J.); Selwyn (A.
R. C.) j Wathen (G. H.).
Westgarth (W.) Australia Felix, or a Historical and Descriptive Account of the
Settlement of Port Phillip, New South Wales (8vo. Edinburgh, 1848) (Geological
and Palaeontological Information, pp. 134-139).
Observations on the Geology and Physical Aspect of Port Phillip, New South
Wales, &c. Tas. Jour. Nat. Science, ii. No. 11, pp. 402-409.
Victoria, late Australia Felix, or Port Phillip District of New South Wales (8vo.
Edinburgh, 1853) (ITie Gold Discoveries, p. 130, et seq.).
Victoria and the Australian Gold Mines in 1857 ; with Notes on the Overland
Route from Australia, vi& Suez, with Maps, pp. xvi and 466 (8vo. London, 1857).
The Colony of Victoria, &c. (8vo. London, 1864) (Gold Mining, &c. pp. 301-345).
White (T. J.) Iron in Queensland. Mining Jour. 1874, xliv, p. 947.
Whiting (G.) The Products and Resources of Tasmania, as illustrated in the
International Exhibition of 1862. InternaL Exhih, Conimiss. Report, pp. 37 (8vo.
Hobart Town, 1862) (pp. 9-11, 16-21).
Wjckham (F. D.) The Tin Products of Mount Bischoff, Tasmania. Mining Jour. 1874,
xliv, p. 396.
The Tin Mines of Tasmania. Ibid. 1878, xlviii, p. 483.
The Tin Mines of Australia. Ihid. p. 603.
WiLKiNS (W.) The Geography of New South Wales ; Physical, Industrial, and Political,
pp. 135 (8vo. Sydney, 1863) (Geological Structure, pp. 64-71).
Wilkinson (C. S.) Report on the Geology of the Cape Otway District. Report of the
Director, GcoL Survey, Vict. 1863-64, No. 44, pp. 12-13, 21-28 (fcap. Melbourne,
1865), with—
(a) Sketch Section of Coast from Castle Cove to the mouth of the Parker River, (b) Map of Part
of ihe Counties of Polwarth and He}te8bury, Cape Otway District. Scale ; half an inch to one mile.
On the Theory of the formation of Gold Nuggets. Trans. R. Soc. Vict. 1868,
viii, p. ] 1.
Report on the I'in-bcaring Country, New England, New South Wales, pp» 10,
plates (fcap. vSydney, 1873) ; also Mines and Min, Statistics, N. S. Wales, 1875, pp.
70-80 (Sections and 5 plates).
Report on the Tin-bearing Country, District of Inverell, New South Wales (fcap*
Sydney, 1873).
122 CATALOGUE.
Wilkinson (C. y.) Tin Deposits of New South Wales. Iron, 1874, iii, pp. 2*67, 296,
and 325 ; Mining Journal, 1874, xliv. No. 2008 (Feb. 21st), p. 200.
Notes on the Geological and Minoralogical Collection Exhibited at the Metro-
politan Intercolonial Exhibition, 1875. Mines and Min, Statistics, N. S. Wales,
1857, pp. 117-118.
Notes on a Collection of (ieological Specimens from the Coasts of New Guinea,
Cape York, and neighbouring Islands, collected by William Macleay, Esq. &c.
Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S, Wales, i, pt. 2, pp. 113-117; Annals Nat. Hist. 1876, ser. 4,
xviii, p. 190; GeoL Mag. 1876, Dec. 2, iii, p. 428; Canadian Nat. 1876, n. ser.
viii, pp. 156-160; American Jour. Sc. 1877, ser. 3, xiii, pp. 157-158.
Report on the Discovery of Tin and other Metals in the Burra-Burra District,
between the Began and the Lachlan Rivers. The Queenslander, 1876, n. ser. xii,
Sept. 23rd.
Report to the Minister of Mines, "On the occun^ence of Gold in the Coal
Measure Conglomerates of New South Wales.^' Sydney Evening News, 1876,
No. 2940; Sydney Morning Herald, 1876, Dec. 2nd; The Qneenslander, 1876,
Dec. 16th.
— Report of Progress of the Geological Survey of N. S. Wales during the year 1876.
Anil. liejwrt, T)ept. of Mines, N. S. Wales, for 1876, pp. 147-177 (sections, &c.),
1877.
— Department of Mines, New South Wales, Geological Map of the Districts of
Hartley, Bowenfells, Wallerawang, and Rydal. Scale : about 60 chains to 1 inch,
with a Horizontal Section. Scale, Hor. and Vert. : 3855 feet to 1 inch. Ibid,
for 1877, frontispiece (1878).
— On the Depth at which Coal will be found under Sydney. Ibid, for 1877, pp.
22-23 (1878).
— Report of Progress of the Geological Survey of N. S. Wales during the year 1877.
Ibid, for 1877, pp. 197-208 (1878).
— Geological Sketch Map of the Oberon District. Scale: about 180 chains to
1 inch. Ibid, for 1877 (to face p. 208).
— Report of the Geological Surveyor in Charge for the Colony of New South Wales
for the year 1878. Ibid, for 1878, pp. 149-157 (1879).
— Report on Auriferous and other Specimens from New Guinea. Ibid, for 1878,
pp. 157-159.
— Report on the Barrington Gold Field. Ibid, for 1878, pp. 159-164.
— Notes on the occurrence of Remarkable Boulders in the Hawkesbury Rocks.
Jour. E. Soc. N. S. Wales, for 1879, xiii, pp. 105-107.
CATALOGUE. 123
Wilkinson (C. S.) On the occurrence of Gold in Serpentine; and on the Geological
History of Sydney Harbour. Jour. li. Soc. N. 6'. Wales, for 1879, xiii, p. 133.
Report of Progress of the Geological Survey during the year 1879. Ann. Report^
Dept.of Mines, N. S. Wales, for 1879, pp. 213-231; with four plates of fossils
and one horizontal section (1880).
Report on the Road Metal Quarries at Prospect and Pennant Hills (Appendix
A to Geol. Surveyor's Annual Report, 1879). I bid. for 1879, p. 218.
Report on Water Supply. to the Elrington Gold Field (Appendix U to Geol.
Surveyor's Annual Report, 1879). Ibid, for 1879, pp. 219-21.
Department of Mines, New South Wales. Geological Sketch Map of New
South Wales, compiled from the Original Map of the lat« Rev, W. B. Clarke,
M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., &c. Scale : 32 miles to 1 inch (Sydney, 1880).
Department of Mines, New South Wales. Geological Sketch Map of New
South Wales, compiled from the Original Map of the late Rev. W. B. Clarke, m.a.,
F.R.S., F.G.S., &c. Scale : 10 miles to 1 inch.
Notes on the Abcrcrombie Caves. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, 1880, iv, pt. 4,
pp. 400- 1G3.
On the Formation of the Diamond in the Tertiary Drifts of New South Wales.
Oeol. May. 1880, Dec. 2, vii, p. 128.
On Glacial Boulders in Secondary Deposits, Sydney, New South Wales. Ibid.
1881, Dec. 2, viii, p. 287.
and Murray (R. A. F.) Quarter Sheet 20, S. E. (Coole-barghurk) . Geol. Survey
of Victoria under the direction of A. R. C. Selwyn. Scale : 2 inches to 1 mile
(Melbourne, 1867).
and Young (L.) Dept. of Mines, New South Wales. Geological Map of the
Town and Environs of Young. Scale: 24 chains to 1 inch. Ann. lieport, Dept,
of Mines, N. S. Wales, for 1878.
(D.) Process for Calcining Quartz — see Selwyn (A. R. C), Report on.
(G. B.) South Australia ; its Advantages and its Resources, &c. pp. 391
(8vo. London, 1848), with Map (Mines and Minerals, p. 253).
The Working Man's Handbook to South Australia; with a Map, pp. 110
(12mo. London, 1849) (Minerals, p. 38; Gold, pp. 108, 111).
Williams (J. V.) Mining in Queensland. Mining Jour. 1878, xlviii, p. 100.
Wilson (C. A.) On Diprotodon Australis (Owen). South Australian Register, 1864,
xxviii. No. 5668 (Adelaide, Dec. 29th).
(J. B.) Fossil Catenicollaj, from the Miocene Beds at Bird Rock, near Geelong.
Jour, Micro. Soc. Vict. 1880, i, Nos. 2 and 3, pp. 60-63.
(J. S.) Notes on the Geology of the Neighbourhood of Sydney, Newcastle^
and Brisbane. Quart. Jour, Geol. Soc, 1856, xii, pp. 283-288.
l24 CATALOGUil.
Wilson (J. 8.) On tlio Pliysiciil Geography of the North-west Coast of Australia.
Proc. IL Gcogr, Soc. 1858, ii, pp. 210-216; Jour. E. Geogr. Soc. 1858, xxviii,
pp. 137-153.
Wilton (Rev. C. P. N.) An Account of the Burning Mountain in Australasia, called
Mount Wingeii, near Hunter's River. Edinb. Jour. Sc. 1830, ii, pp. 270-273;
Jdhrh, fiir Mineraloyio, 1833, p. 582.
Notice of the Burning Mountain of Australia. The N. S. Wales Mag. 1833, i.
No. 1, pp. 45-4(3.
The Geology of the Goulbourn and the Hunter. Ibid. 1833, i. No. 3, pp. 178-180.
A Sketch of the Geology of six miles of the South-east Line of the Coast of
Newcastle in Australia, &c. Phil, Mag. 1832, new ser., i, pp. 92-95; Jahrh. fur
Miyieralogie, 1833, p. 449.
Wiltshire (Rev. T.) The History of Coal, pp. 36 (8vo. London, 1878) (Geological
Deposits containing Coals or Lignites, p. 35).
Winch (N. J.) An Account of some Specimens of Rocks, &c. from Van Dieraan's Land
and New South Wales. Thovvson's Annals Phil. 1823, n. ser., v, pp. 341-342.
WiNGEN, Mount ; or the Burning Mountain — ses Henderson (Capt,) ; Wilton (Rev.
C. P. N.).
WiNTLE (H. S.) Evidences of the Shell Deposits seen around this city (Hobart
Town) not being produced by the Aborigines, and the period of their origin being
Post Tertiary. Papers and Proc. 11. Soc. Tas. 1864 (April), p. 32.
Notes on the Hobart Town Sandstone. Ibid. 1864 (July), p. 61.
A Sketch of the principal Geological Features of Hobart, Tasmania. Quart.
Jour. Geol. Soc. 1864, xx, p. 465 (abstract) ; Geol. Mag. 1864, i, p. 87.
Notes on the Shaft sunk for Coal at the Cascades, Tasmania. Papers and
Proc. It. Soc. Tas. 1865 (July),, pp. 67-68.
On Endogenojjhyllites Wellingfonensis, McCoy. Ibid. (March) 1869, p. 2.
On Fossil Ripple-marks in the Carboniferous Strata at Southport, Tasmania.
Ibid. 1870 (May), p. 7.
On an extensive Landslip at Glenorchy, Tasmania. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. 1873,
xxix, p. 33.
Memorandum on a Specimen of Argentiferous Galena. Papers and Proc. P. Soc.
Tas. for 1875 (March), p. 3.
On Specimens of Bismuth and Copper from Tasmanian Localities. Ibid, fat
1875 (May), pp. 7-8.
On the Stanniferous Deposits of Tasmania. Trans. 7?. Soc, N. S. Wales, 1876,
ix, pp. 87-95 (with a section).
■ 1 On Fossils from the West Bank of the Tamar at Rosvear. Papers and Proc. 11.
Soc. Tas. for 1879 (1880), p. 3.
CATALOGUE. 125
Wolff (G.) Das Australische Gold, seino Lagerstiittea und seine Associationeu. Zcit.
der Bents, Geol. Geselhchaff, 1877, xxix, p. 83.
WoLLONQONiTE — 8ce Coal Measures; Silliraan (B.).
Wood Fossil — see Hooker (Dr. J. D.) ; Milligan (Dr. J.) ; Nicholson (Dr.) ; NicoU (W.) j
Stephens (T.).
Wood (H.) Notes on the Ballaarat Gold Field. Smyth's Gold Fields and Min. Districts,
Vfcf, 18G9, App. pp. 445-510.
Annual Report of the Under-Secretary for Mines for 1876, addressed to the
Honbl. John Lucas, Esq., m.p.. Minister for Mines, &c. N. S. Wales. Ann. Report,
Dept. of Mines, N. S. Wales, for 1876, pp. 1-35 (with Tables showing the
number of Miners employed ; yield of gold and other minerals ; wash-dirt puddled,
&c. ; quartz crushed; strike of quartos reefs ; and machinery employed for the
year 1876, pp. 22-35).
Coal and Slate. Table compiled from Return furnished by the owners of Collieries,
showing the quantity and value of Coal and Shale won during the year 1876, and
the number of Miners employed in the Collieries. Ihid. for 1876, pp. 127-128;
Ibid, for 1877, pj). 164-165.
Annual Report of the Under-Secretary for Mines for 1877, addressed to the
Honbl. W. H. Suttor, m.p., Minister for Mines, &c. N. S. Wales. Ibid, for 1877,
pp. 1-57 (with Tables showing the number of Miners employed, yield of gold, &c.
&c. pp. 43-57).
Annual Report of the Under-Secretary for Mines for 1878, addressed to the
Honbl. E. A. Baker, m.p., Minister for Mines, &c. N. S. Wales. Ibid, for 1878,
p. 1-35 (with Tables showing the number of Miners employed, yield of gold, &c.
&c. pp. 40-60).
— ^ Annual Report of the Under-Secretary for Mines for 1879, addressed to the
Honbl. E. A. Baker, m.p.. Minister for Mines, &c. N. S. Wales. Ibid, for 1879,
pp. 1-68 (with Tables showing the number of Miners employed, yield of gold, &c.
&c. pp. 52-68).
Annual Report of the Inspector of Mines, N. S. Wales, for 1879. Ibid.
for 1879, pp. 190-193 (with Table showing the quantity and value of Coal and
Shale won during the year 1879, and the number of Miners employed in the
Collieries).
Woods (Rev. J. E. T.) Observations on Metamorphic Rocks in South Australia.
Trans. Phil Inst. Vict. 1858, ii, pp. 168-176.
Remarks on a Tertiary Deposit in South Australia. Ibid. 1859, iii, pp. 84-94.
On some Tertiary Deposits at Portland Bay (Victoria). Ibid, iv, pp. 169-172.
On some Tertiary Deposits in South Australia. Qnart.'Jour. Geol. Soc. 1860,
xvi, pp. 253-260; Phil. Mag. 4th ser. xix, p. 77; Geologist, iii, p. 31.
Geological Observations in South Australia : principally in the district South-
east of Adelaide, pp. xv and 404 (8vo. London, 1862) (plate).
126 CATALOGUE.
Woods (Rev. J. E. T.) North Australia ; its Physical Geography and Natural History,
pp. 46 (870. Adelaide, 1864).
On some Tertiary Fossils in South Australia. Trans. IL 80c. Vict, 1856, vi,
pp. 3-6 (with plate).
On some Tertiary Deposits in the Colony of Victoria. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc.
XXI, p. 387 ; Geol. Mag. 1865, ii, p. 237 ; Phil. Mag. 4th ser. xxix, p. 404.
A History of the Discovery and Exploration of Australia ; or an A-ccount of the
Progress of Geographical Discovery in that Continent from the earliest period
to the present day (2 vols. 8vo. London, 1865).
Report on the Geology and Mineralogy of the South-east District of the
Colony of South Australia, or that country lying between the River Murray,
the 141st meridian of Longitude, and the Sea, pp. 33 (8vo. Adelaide, 1866 (map
and sections).
The Tertiary Rocks of South Australia, l^t. 1. Introduction. Trans. Phil. Soc.
Adelaide, for 1865.
-On the Tertiary Rocks of South Australia. Pt. 2. The Mount Gambier Fossils. Ihid.
The Tertiary Rocks of South Australia. Pt. 3. Brachiopoda. Ittd. /or 1865.
The Tertiary Rocks of South Australia. Pt. 4. Fossil Echinidce. Ibid, for
1866 (plate) (1867).
The Geology of tlio South-east (of S. Australia). Ibid, for 1866 (1867).
On the Glacial Period in Australia. Trans. R. Soc. Vict, 1868, viii, p. 43.
Notes on the Physical and Zoological Relations between Australia and Tasmania.
Papers and Proc. B. Soc. Tas.for 1874 (August), pp. 42-52.
On some Tertiary Fossils from Table Cape, Tasmania. Ibid, for 1875 (March),
p. 4; Ibid. (May), pp. 13-26 (3 plates).
— On the Genus Fenestella. Ibid, for 1875 (August), pp. 46-50.
— On some Tertiary Australian Polyzoa. Jour. P. Soc. N. S. Wales, 1876, x,
pp. 147-150 (2 pis.) ; N. Jahrbucli, 1879, p. 742.
— On the Absence of the Gault Formation in Australia. Papers and Proc. R.
Soc. Tas.for 1876, p. 66 (1877).
— On the History of Australian Tertiary Geology. Ibid, for 1876, pp. 76-78 (1877) ;
Geol. Mag. 1877, Dec. 2, iv, p. 416.
— Notes on the Fossils from the Tertiary Marino Beds of Table Cape, Tas., collected
by Mr. R. M. Johnston. Papers and Proc. R. Soc. Tas.for 1876, pp. 91-115.
— Census ; with Brief Descriptions of the Marine Shells of Tasmania and the
adjacent Islands. Ibid, for 1877, pp. 26-57 (1878).
— On the Tertiary Deposits of Australia. Jour. R. Soc. N. S. Wales for 1877,
xi, pp. 65-82 (1878).
— Paheontological Evidence of Australian Tertiary Formations. Ibid, for 1877,
xi, pp. 113-128 (1878).
CATALOGUE. 127
Woods (Rev. J. E. T.) On some- Australian Tertiary Corals. Jour. R, Soc. N. S.
Wales Jor 1877, xi, pp. 183-195, pis. 1 and 2 (1878).
On a Variety of Triyoma Lamarckii, Proc. Linn, Soc. N. S. WaleSj 1877, ii,
pt. 2, p. 125.
On a Tertiary Formation at New Guinea. Ihld, 1877, ii, pt. 2, pp. 125-128.
On the Echini of Australia (including those of the "Chevert Expedition ^^).
Ibid, 1877, ii, pt. 2, pp. U5-17G; 1878, ii, pt. 4, pp. 342-34^.
On some Tertiary Fossils from New Guinea. Ibid. 1878, ii, pt. 3, pp. 2G7-2G8.
On the Extra-Tropical Corals of Australia. Ibid. 1878, ii, pt. 4, pp. 292-341 (plates) .
On three new Genera and one new Species of Madreporaria Corals. Ibid.
1878, iii, pt. 2, pp. 92-99.
On some new Extra-Tropical Corals. Ibid. 1878, iii, pt. 2, pp. 131-135 (Fossil
Placotroclii, p. 134).
On some Tertiary Fossils from Muddy Creek, Western Victoria. Ibid. 1879,
iii, pt. 3, pp. 222-240, t. 20 and 21.
On some Fossil Cbrals from Aldinga. Trans, riiil. Soc. Adelaide, for 1877-78,
pp. 104-119, pis. 1 and 2.
The Molluscan Fauna of Tasmania. Jour. P. Soc. N. S. Wales, 1879, xii,
pp. 29-50.
On some Australian Tertiary Fossil Corals and Polyzoa. Ibid. 1879, xii.
pp. 57-01 (pi.).
— On some Tertiary Fossils. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, 1879, iv, pt. 1,
pp. 1-24, pis. 4.
— On some Post Tertiary Fossils from New Caledonia. Ibid. 1879, iv, pt. 3,
pp. 360-363.
— On a Fossiliferous Bed at the Mouth of the Endeavour River. Ibid. 1880, v,
pt. 2, pp. 187-189.
— On some Recent and Fossil Species of Australian Selenariadoe (Polyzoa). Trans.
R. Soc. S. Anstralia, 1880, iii, pp. 1-12, 2 pis.
— On some new Corals from the Australian Tertiaries. Ibid. 1880, iii, pp. 99-101.
— (T.) Tin in Australia. Mining Jour. 1879, xlix, p. 225.
Woodward (H.) A Catalogue of British Fossil Crustacea, &c. pp. xii and 115 (8vo.
London, 1877) {Entomis taberosa, Jones, p. 120).
Description of a new Genus of Trilobites, Onycoi)yge Liversidgei, from the
Silurian of New South Wales. Geol. Mag. 1880, Dec. 2, vii, pp. 97-99; N.
.Tahrbuch, 1880, ii, p. 232.
Wrtght (P.) On Sluicing and Hydraulic Mining in Victoria. Smyth's Gold Fields and
Min. Disfricts, Vict. 1809, pp. 126-135.
128 CATALOGUE.
Wyld (J.) Notes on tlie Distribution of Gold throughout the World, including Australia,
California, and Russia, with four maps, &c. pp. 4t (8vo. London, 1852).
York, Capo — see Jardino (J.) ; Rattray (Dr. A.) ; Wilkinson (C. S.) ; Daintree (R.) ;
Jack (R. L.).
YouNQ (L.) Report on the Boorook Silver. Mines. Annual Report, Dept, of Mines,
N. N. Wale^Jor 1878, pp. 35-41.
Report on Gold Fields, County of Harden. Hid, pp. 175-177.
Report on Bingera Gold Field. Ibid, pp. 178-179.
(L. H. G.) Geological Reports on (1) Part of the County of Clarendon ; (2) New
Rush at Cootamundra; (3) The Moruya Silver Mine (Appendix C, to Geol.
Surveyor's Annual Report, 1879). Ibid, for 1879, pp. 221-225.
Report on the Wambian Caves (Appendix E, to Geol. Surveyor's Annual Report,
1879). Ibid, for 1879, pp. 227-229.
Zkpharovich (V. von) Die Atakamit-Krystalle aus Siid-Australien. Sitz. der K. Acad,
Wisscnsch, Wien, 1871, Ixiii, pp. 6-12 ; N, Jahrbuch, 1871, p. 514 ; Siiz, der K, Acad,
Wissensch, Wi^m, 1874, Ixviii, pp. 120-131 ; N, Jahrbuch, 1874, p. 83 j Jour. Cheni.
Soc. 1874, xii, p. 555.
ZiGNO (Baron A. de) Sulla Flora Fossilo dell' Oolite. Mem. delV I, B. Istitufo Veneto
di Scicnzl, Lettere, ed Arti, 1856, vi, pp. 325-339 (Australian Flora, p. 333).
Some Observations on the Flora of the Oolite. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. 1860,
xvi, pp. 110-115.
Sopra di Deposita di Pianti Fossili dell' America Settentrionale, delle Indie, e
dell' Australia, che alcuni Autori Riforisorio all' Epoca Oolitica. Revista Periodica
delta I. R. Acad, di Fadova, 1863, xii, p. 148.
Zinc, Native, &c. — see Becker (L.) ; Moore (T.) ; Phipson (Dr. T. L.).
ZucHOLD (E. A.) Dr. Ludwig Leichhardt. Eine biographische Skizze. Nebst einem
Berichte iiber dessen zweite Reise im Innern des Austral.-Continents nach deni
Tagebuche seins Begleiters, des Botanikers Daniel Bunco, pp. 118 (8vo. Leipzig,
1856).
Zygomaturus (Macleay) — «ee Fcetterlo (F.) ; Owen (Prof. R.); Macdonald (Dr. J. D.).
ADDENDA
Ballantyne (Rev. J.) Homes and Homesteads in the Land of Plenty. A Handbook
for Victoria, &c. 2nd ed. (8vo. Melbourne, 1871) (Contains a chapter on Gold
Mining) .
Ballaarat — The School of Mines, Ballaarat. Annual Report together with Statement
of Receipts and Expenditure for 1876, General Balance Sheet, and List of
Subscribers, Donations, &e. 1875 and 1876, presented at the Meeting of Governors,
held 31st January, 1877, pp. 39 (8vo. Ballaarat, 1877).
The School of Mines, Ballaarat. Annual Report presented at the Meeting of
Governors, held February 9th, 1881, together with Statement of Receipts and
Expenditure, General Balance Sheet, and List of Subscriptions, Donations, &c. &c.
1880, pp. 70, plans, sections (8vo. Ballaarat, 1881) — see Kranse (F. M.).
Blandowski (W. von) Personal Observations in Victoria, pp. 3i, pis. 3 (8vo.
Melbourne, 1855).
Brown (H. Y. L.) Report (extracts from) on the Albert Gold Field District. The
Sydney Morning Herald^ August 8th, 1881 (Supplemented with Comments on the
Report, by C. S. Wilkinson).
Drifts, Auriferous — sec '' Research.^'
Edmunds (R. H.) — see McKinlay (J.).
Elder (Honble. T.) Exploration — see Giles (E.).
Exhibitions, International — Litcrnational Exhibition of Vienna, 1873. Catalogue of
the Natural and Industrial Products of Queensland, pp. 63 (8vo. Brisbane, 1873)
(Metals and Minerals, p. 3; Exhibits of ditto, pp. 55-00).
Hart (G. W.) — see Macartney (J. N.).
Lindsay (Dr. W. L.) The Gold and Gold Fields of Scotland. Trans, Gaol Soc. Edinh.
1868, i, pt. 2, pp. 105-115 (Contains AustraHan references).
LissiGNOL (E.) — see McCoy (Prof. F.).
Martin (K.) and Wichmaun (A.) Beitriige zur Geologic Ost-Asieus und Australiens.
Mit Uuterstiitzung des Niederlandischen Ministeriums der Colonien. Ites. Heft:
Martin, Sedimento Timers. Sammlungcn des Gcologischen Reichsimf.'ieums in
Leiden, No. 1, pp. Oi, pi. 3 (8vo. Leiden, 1881).
Menge (J.) South Australian Minerals — see Geology, S. Australia.
MuRcnisoN (Sir R. I.) — see " Speeches.'*
1)
130 ADDENDA.
Nathorst (A. G.) Bcriittclsc, afgifvcn till Koiigl. Vetcnskaps-Akademieii, oni en mod
undcrstcid af allmauna medel utfcird vetcnskapHg rosa till England. Ofvcrsigt K.
Vet.'Akad. Forhandl. StocJcholm, 1880, No. 5, pp. 33-84 [Tceniopterig, and other
fossil plants of Australia, pp. 47-48).
Nicholson (Sir C.) Tho Australian Colonies; their Condition, Resources, and
Prospects, pp. 12 (8vo. London, n, d. ; privately reprinted from tho Jour. Soc, Arts,
Nov. 27th, 1863, by Prof. J. Tcnnant) (Contains a list of Minerals found in
Victoria, by A. R. C. Sclwyn).
Owen (Prof. R.) Description of some Remains of the Gigantic Land-Lizard {Megalania
prisca, Owen), from Australia. Part 3. Phil, Trans. 1881, clxxii, pt. 2, pp. 547-56
pis. 64-66.
Prime (F. Jun.) Ore Deposits — see Gotta (B. von).
Pyrites — see Quartz Grinder and Amalgamator ; Quartz Tailings; &c.
Quartz Reefs and Veins — see Resales (H.).
Tailings — The Treatment of Test Samples of Tailings and Pyrites in quantities
up to one ton in weight. Ann, Report, School of Mines, Vallaaraf, 1879, p. 27
— see also Quartz Grinder and Amalgamator.
Reyer (E.) Zinn, eine geologisch-montanistisch-historischo Monografie, pp. 248 (8vo.
Berlin, 1881) (Australia and Tasmania, pp. 181-196).
Sklwyn (A. R. C.) List of Minerals found in Victoria — see Nicholson (Sir C).
SowERBY (J.) Tho Mineral Conchology of Great Britain, &c. (7 vols. 8vo. London,
1812-181-6) (Silicificd Spiral Appendages of Spirifer from New Holland, iii, 1820
p. 118).
Tate (Prof. R.) Fossil MoUusca — see Woodward (Dr. S. P.).
Trbwartoa ( — ) — see S. Australia.
Ulrich (G. H. F.) Geology of N. S. Wales and Queensland — see Leichhardt (L.).
Unoer (Dr. F.) Neu-HoUand in Europa. Ein Vortrag gehalten im Standehause im
Winter des Jahres, 1861, pp. 72 (8vo. Wien, 1861).
Waters (A. W.) On Fossil Chilostomatous Bryozoa from South-west Victoria, Australia.
Quart, Joicr. Oeol, Soc. 1881, xxxvii, pp. 309-347, pis. 14-18.
Woods (Rev. J. E. T.) Pateontology of New Zealand. Part IV. Corals and Bryozoa
of the Neozoic Period in New Zealand, pp. 34, pis. 3, and frontispiece (8vo.
Wellington, 1880) (Contains references to Australian Species and Geology).
The Carboniferous Rocks of the Lower Burnett. Tho Bundaberg and Mt. Perry
Mail, No. 477, May 27th, 1881.
The Geology of Northern Queensland. The QiteenslanJer, 1881, xx, No. 307,
July 2nd, p. 13 (A Paper read before tho Qiieen.sland Philosophical Society,
20th DoccmlxT, 1880).
ADDENDA. I3l
Woods (Rev. J. E. T.) Lecture on the Bun'um Coal Field, Queensland, with Map
illustrative of the Coal Field, pp. 12, (8vo. Maryborough, 1881), contains —
(a) Analysis of Newcastle and Barram Coals, by Dr. D. ^farch ; (6) Sketch Map showing Burmm Coal
Mines ; (e) Plan of Selections on Bnrrnm Rircr. Scale : 40 chains to 1 inch.
Woodward (Dr. S. P.) A Manual of the MolluEca, or Iludimentary Treatise on Recent
and Fossil Shells, pp. xvi and 486, pis. 26, 1851-56 ; 3rd ed. pp. xiv and 520, pis.
23, 1875, with an Appendix by Ralph Tate, pp. 86 (8vo. London).
CORRIGENDA.
pHgc 26, Line 31, /or ( — Yon), read (M. G. vom).
31, „ 30, /or Discovering rGOct Discovery.
31, „ 33, /or' rcccuillies read rccneillies.
59, „ 36, for TArchepcl read rArchi|)cl.
46, „ li,/or Scoffcm (I.) read Scoffcm (J.).
70, „ 10, for Cndgygong read Cudgcgong.
85, „ 11, for Ibid, read Trans. R. 8oc, Vict.
93, „ 1 5, for Roy (Sir — ) read Hoy (Sir C. A FiU ) .
I*
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